To ionize an atom of any element requires the expenditure of a certain amount of work, dependent upon the particular element concerned. This energy may be acquired through impact with a rapidly moving electron, positive ion, or neutral atom, or through absorption of radiation. We shall be concerned with ionization by the impact of positive ions and α-particles. Suppose the colliding particle has more than sufficient energy to affect the removal of one electron, what is the net result of the collision? May it happen under certain favourable conditions that a second electron is removed, or does the ionization process invariably consist in the removal of a single electron? It was the object of this research to supply further experimental proof for the theory that more than one electron may be dislodged by single impact. Up until 1911 we had no unambiguous information as to what really happens when a high speed particle collides with a normal atom. It was not known with certainty whether one two or more electrons are dislodged by the impact. True, Townsend and his students had deduced evidence, from measurements of the ratio of the mobility to the diffusion coefficients, that the ions formed in air by Roentgen rays and the rays from radium bore only a single charge. On the other hand, Sir J.J. Thomson, from his work on positive rays, had shown that in a relatively large number of instances the ions formed by this method were multivalent. In the case of oxygen and nitrogen he obtained parabolae corresponding to ions bearing one and two charges, while in mercury the multiplicity went as high as seven. In both types of experiment the ions were received by the recording apparatus at a relatively long interval of time after their formation. It was therefore possible that they may have had time to recombine, or in Thomson's experiments, to have suffered a second or third impact and consequent loss of additional electrons. The first really direct evidence bearing on the question of valence in ionization was supplied by the experiments of Millikan and Fletcher (Phil.Mag. vol.21,1911, p.753). By catching the positive ions on oil drops almost at the instant of their formation they were able to show conclusively that ions formed in air by Roentgen, β- and γ-rays were invariably univalent. The work was continued by Millikan Gottschalk and Kelly (Phys.Rev. vol.15, 1920, p.157), who extended the measurements to carbon dioxide, carbon tetrachloride, methyl iodide, and mercury dimethyl. They also checked the previous work on air. The ionizing agents were the rays from radium. The vanishingly small number of apparent doubles was explicable on the assumption of a simultaneous capture of two singly charged ions. Direct proof for the formation of multiply charged ions by single impact came in 1922 from the work of R.G. Millikan and T.R. Wilkins (Phys.Rev, vols. 18 p.456 and 19, p.210). In Thomson's experiments the ionization was affected by positive rays. Alpha-particles are only a special type of positive ray so that it would be natural to look for these multiply charged ions when α-particles were the ionizing agent. Also it is known that an α-particle is much more effective as an ionizing agent near the end of its range, and so if doubles or triples are produced it is to be expected that they would occur in greater number near to the end of the α-particle's path. It was the object of the Millikan and Wilkins' experiment to test this hypothesis. Their experimental conditions were identical with those of their predecessors save they used polonium, which gives rise to α-particles only. They selected helium as the gas with which to experiment. The range of the α-particles was varied by altering the pressure of the helium. In this way it was possible to test the charge carried by the ions formed by α-particles of very different energies. Results indicated that a small percentage of the ions were doubly charged; but of those formed near the end of the range as many as 15% were doubles. Going beyond this point the proportion fell off quite rapidly. The curve showing the fraction of doubles to singles plotted against the distance from this source was similar in general form to the curve representing the ionizing power of the particles against distance from the source. Millikan and Wilkins also tested hydrogen and mercury dimethyl for doubly charged ions. As was to be expected the hydrogen showed no trace of them. Their results on the mercury compound were likewise negative, confirming the earlier work of Millikan Gottschalk and Kelly. Thus the process of ionization in the commoner gases has been shown to consist in the removal of a single electron. Only in the case of the inert gas helium is the process different, in that out of one hundred ions formed, as many as fifteen of them may have lost both electrons. It is to be noted that in this method of studying the ionization process, the ions, moving under the influence of a powerful potential gradient, are caught by the oil drop almost at the instant of their formation, and hence there is a vanishingly small chance of their recombining or of being struck by a second α-particle. Thus the uncertainties inherent in the experiments of Townsend and Thomson are obviated. Inasmuch as helium appeared to be unique in showing this interesting property of multiple valence, it seemed worth while to extend the method to other members of the same chemical family. Though helium, neon, argon, etc. are identical chemically, there seemed to be no a priori reason for believing that they would be similar in this particular respect. Because an α-particle is able to remove both electrons from a normal helium atom, one would not necessarily expect that it would do likewise to a neon atom with its complete L-shell of eight electrons, or to an argon atom with its M-shell also complete.


Berlin is a conglomerate of 4 cities, so it has in effect 4 ancient centres. It has 2.4 million inhabitants, 600000 car owners and public transport carrying 800000 people. These factors make Berlin a difficult place in which to live. Measures are taken to better this on the basis of 4 requirements: that traffic is necessary, the quality of living, safety and the protection of the town's monuments. Pedestrian precincts do not succeed in Berlin, but areas with traffic restraint are successful for pedestrians and also for business. Making drivers and pedestrians live happily together is the aim of the traffic planners in Berlin. For the covering abstract see TRIS 385386. (TRRL)


Hydrogen equilibration in polycrystalline silicon was investigated as a function of annealing time and temperature using electron spin resonance and hydrogen effusion measurements. During a vacuum anneal at least 1.5×1021cm−3 H atoms are mobile in the lattice, however, only about 3.7×1018cm−3 H atoms passivate Si dangling bonds. The results show that the annealing treatment can cause the vast majority of H atoms to accumulate in H stabilized platelets. Since defect passivation preferentially occurs at grain boundaries and platelet nucleation and growth are confined to the interior of single-crystal grains, H equilibration is governed by two spatially separated processes. Moreover, the data demonstrate that the hydrogen density-of-states distribution is dynamic and changes in response to experimental parameters.


Intrusion detection is a common network security technology,cloud computing proposes new requirements to intrusion detection system( IDS). In distributed intrusion detection system,there are many different types of IDSs,and data fusion enables the combination of the output of different types of IDSs. The design and achievement of data fusion process model are discussed.By making inferences from the combined data,a multiple level-of-abstraction situational description is emerged,and an analysis of the threat of the current situation is presented.


We examine the radius evolution of close in giant planets with a planet evolution model that couples the orbital–tidal and thermal evolution. For 45 transiting systems, we compute a large grid of cooling/contraction paths forward in time, starting from a large phase space of initial semimajor axes and eccentricities. Given observational constraints at the current time for a given planet (semimajor axis, eccentricity, and system age), we find possible evolutionary paths that match these constraints, and compare the calculated radii to observations. We find that tidal evolution has two effects. First, planets start their evolution at larger semimajor axis, allowing them to contract more efficiently at earlier times. Second, tidal heating can significantly inflate the radius when the orbit is being circularized, but this effect on the radius is short-lived thereafter. Often circularization of the orbit is proceeded by a long period while the semimajor axis slowly decreases. Some systems with previously unexplained large radii that we can reproduce with our coupled model are HAT-P-7, HAT-P-9, WASP-10, and XO-4. This increases the number of planets for which we can match the radius from 24 (of 45) to as many as 35 for our standard case, but for some of these systems we are required to be viewing them at a special time around the era of current radius inflation. This is a concern for the viability of tidal inflation as a general mechanism to explain most inflated radii. Also, large initial eccentricities would have to be common. We also investigate the evolution of models that have a floor on the eccentricity, as may be due to a perturber. In this scenario, we match the extremely large radius of WASP-12b. This work may cast some doubt on our ability to accurately determine the interior heavy element enrichment of normal, noninflated close in planets, because of our dearth of knowledge about these planets' previous orbital–tidal histories. Finally, we find that the end state of most close in planetary systems is disruption of the planet as it moves ever closer to its parent star.


A book on translation and emotion is a sure hook for translation scholars, particularly for those interested in the study of the translation process. Moreover, the "psychological perspective" annou...


In order to determine the ash content in cigarette paper rapidly,the accuracy and precision of end point in titration determined with two-point method were studied.The ash contents in seven cigarette paper samples were determined by two-point,graphic,indicator,and high temperature methods,respectively.The data obtained were compared by F test and t test.The results showed that: 1) the recoveries,the readings of the points before and after equilibrium point,of the two-point method ranged from 100.5% to 100.8% and from 100.0% to 100.7% with the RSDs of 0.38% to 0.80% and 0.61% to 0.82%,respectively;2) at the confidence level of 95%,there was no significant difference between the precision values of the said methods and no significant differences between the average values of two-point method and graphic method,while there was significant difference between the average values of two-point method and indicator or high temperature methods.In potentiometric titration,determining end point by two-point method is fit for the rapid analysis of ash content in batches of cigarette paper samples.


Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for aortic valve stenosis (AS) in humans and mice. Hypertension is a risk factor for AS in humans, but its effect on aortic valve function in mice is not known. Hypercholesterolemia and angiotensin‐mediated hypertension each induce oxidative stress, which is a putative mediator of aortic valve disease. We hypothesize that angiotensin‐mediated hypertension amplifies the effect of hypercholesterolemia on aortic valve function in mice. Four groups of mice (n=8–11 each) underwent assessment of aortic valve systolic dimension by echocardiography at age ~12 mo.: wild‐type (WT); apolipoprotein E null (apoE−/−, serum cholesterol ~500mg/dl); renin+angiotensinogen transgenic mice (R+A+, increased mean arterial pressure ~40mmHg); and apoE−/−R+A+. In WT mice, aortic valve systolic dimension was 1.05±0.04 mm, while in apoE−/− mice it was 0.97±0.06mm (p=NS). In R+A+ mice, aortic valve systolic dimension was 1.13±0.06 mm (p=NS vs. WT or apoE−/−). In apoE−/−R+A+, aortic valve systolic dimension was 0.69±0.05mm (p≤0.002 vs. WT, apoE−/− or R+A+). Using a criterion of aortic valve systolic dimension ≤0.66mm, which we have hemodynamically validated in mice, 6/11 hypercholesterolemic‐hypertensive mice developed severe AS vs. 0/24 mice in the other 3 groups; p<0.001. We conclude that at age 12 mo., when neither hypercholesterolemia nor angiotensin‐mediated hypertension alone produces hemodynamically significant aortic valve disease, the combination acts synergistically to produce severe AS in mice. These findings emphasize the importance of interactions between risk factors that result in the complex phenotype of aortic valve stenosis, in an experimental model with clinical relevance.


This article evaluates the opportunities for and challenges to the establishment of an advisory center on international investment law ('ACIIL'), a legal aid facility designed off the successful Advisory Centre on WTO Law ('ACWL') but focused on investor-State dispute settlement ('ISDS'). Drawing primarily on personal interviews conducted with high-placed sources familiar with the historical attempts at establishing investment advisory centers and/or the ACWL's origins and operations, it identifies seven 'lessons learned' from those experiences. It concludes that, though the ACIIL's time has come, that center's future negotiators should be careful to heed the lessons learned by both the ACWL's founders as well as those diplomats who have previously undertaken ACIIL-like initiatives, which provide invaluable insight into the political, financial, and logistical challenges they will need to overcome.


We report the characterization of the pyrimidine‐specific ribonucleoside hydrolase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus (SsCU‐NH). The gene SSO0505 encoding SsCU‐NH was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity. SsCU‐NH is a homotetramer of 140 kDa that recognizes uridine and cytidine as substrates. SsCU‐NH shares 34% sequence identity with pyrimidine‐specific nucleoside hydrolase from E. coli YeiK. The alignment of the amino acid sequences of SsCU‐NH with nucleoside hydrolases whose 3D structures have been solved indicates that the amino acid residues involved in the calcium‐ and ribose‐binding sites are preserved. SsCU‐NH is highly thermophilic with an optimum temperature of 100 °C and is characterized by extreme thermodynamic stability (Tm = 106 °C) and kinetic stability (100% residual activity after 1 h incubation at 90 °C). Limited proteolysis indicated that the only proteolytic cleavage site is localized in the C‐terminal region and that the C‐terminal peptide is necessary for the integrity of the active site. The structure of the enzyme determined by homology modeling provides insight into the proteolytic analyses as well as into mechanisms of thermal stability. This is the first nucleoside hydrolase from Archaea.


An angle iron forms two sides of a right isosceles triangular housing. These sides are each apertured and the apertures are provided with metal-framed lens plates which bolt onto the housing sides. Preferably, in one instance the lens material is mounted in the plate for ease of access to the interior of the housing and in the other instance the lens is mounted in the aperture and retained by the frame plate. A fluorescent lamp tube assembly is received inside the housing for providing illumination through both lenses. Access thereto is via removal of a metal-framed lens plate. The housing has mounting elements which permit a user to flush mount the housed light source, e.g. on a mining machine.


OBJECTIVE:To Study the effects on myocardial ischemia re-perfusion injury treated by RCP on PC6 acupoint in rat.METHODS:Wistar rats were randomized into groups of RCP acupoint group(A); i.m. RCP group(B);verapamil group(C) and NS control group(D).Myocardial ischemia re-perfusion injury models were set up.The hemodynamics parameters of the blood pressure(BP),left ventricular end systolic pressure(LVESP),left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP) and±dp/dt max were recorded during the experiment.The intracelluar free calcium of the serum platelets and myocardial cells were measured with fluorescent probe,fura 2 established 2h after myocardial ischemia re-perfusion injury models.RESULTS:In group A and group C,the concentration of calcium ion in myocardial cell were lower than that in group D(P0 01).Group A was higher than group D in BP,LVESP and was lower inLVEDP,-dp/dt max .Difference of the up-mentioned indexes between group A and group C appeared to be insignificant.CONCLUSION:PC6 acupoint injection by RCP might increase myocardial contractility and prevent calcium overlodad in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury rat.


Vapor pressures and enthalpies of sublimation of crystalline 5-aminouracil, 6-aminouracil, 6-amino-1-methyluracil, 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil, and 5-nitrouracil were measured by the Knudsen effusion method. The heats of solution in water were determined at 298.15 K over the range of concentrations (0.828 to 1.845) mmol·kg-1 by using an isoperibol solution calorimeter. The molar enthalpies of solution at infinite dilution were evaluated. The molar enthalpy of hydration was calculated by subtracting the estimated molar enthalpy of sublimation and the molar enthalpy of solution. The contributions of the −NH2, −NO3, and −CH3 groups to the molar enthalpies of solution, sublimation, and hydration were calculated by applying a simple additivity scheme. The molar enthalpies of hydration were correlated with the structural parameters of the compounds investigated. They were found to be linearly related to the polar and to the apolar parts of the accessible surface areas of the compound studied.


With the increasing development of technology the more variety of books circulating on the internet. As is the recommendation system on online book sites that provide books relevantly and as needed with one's preferences. One alternative is GoodReads, a social networking site that specializes in cataloging books and users can share reading book recommendations with each other by rating, reviewing, and commenting. As a large book recommendation site, it has a lot of data that can be processed by applying machine learning methods, but still not known as the most accurate model. By using the right model, we can provide more accurate recommendations. Therefore, this study will analyze the data obtained from the www.kaggle.com namely the goodreads-books dataset. This study proposed a data mining classification model to get the best model in recommending books on GoodReads. The algorithms used are Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and Support Vector Classifier, then for model evaluation using accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score, confusion matrix, AUC, and Mean Error Absolute. The test results of several classification algorithms found that Decision Tree has the highest accuracy among the methods presented by 99.95%, precision by 100%, recall by 96%, f1-score of 98% with MAE of 0.05 and AUC of 99.96%. This is proof that decision tree algorithms can be used as book recommendations based on book categories on GoodReads.


Wearable devices have been introduced for research purposes and especially for environmental monitoring, with the aim of collecting large amounts of data. In a previous study, we addressed the measurement reliability of low-cost thermohygrometers. In this study, we aim to find out how human thermal plume could affect the measurement performance of thermohygrometers. For this purpose, we used a Do-It-Yourself device that can be easily replicated. It consists of 10 iButtons with 3D-printed brackets to position them at different distances from the body. The device was attached to the user's belt in a seated position. We considered two scenarios: a summer scenario with an air temperature of 28 °C and a clothing thermal resistance of 0.5 clo and an autumn scenario with an air temperature of 21 °C and a clothing thermal resistance of 1.0 clo. The results show that the proximity of the measurement station to the body significantly affects the accuracy of the measurements and should be considered when developing new wearable devices to assess thermal comfort. Therefore, we recommend that at least two thermohygrometers be considered in the development of a new wearable device if it is to be worn on a belt, with one positioned as close to the body as possible and the other at least 8 cm away, to determine if and how the standard thermal comfort assessment differs from the user's personal perception and whether spatial proximity might also play a role.


BACKGROUND
Reactive extraction is a promising technique for the recovery of amino acids from aqueous solutions. The reactive extraction of L-valine with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate acid (D2EHPA) has been studied in this paper. An expression of equilibrium distribution ratio (D) was proposed to describe the experimental data.

RESULTS
The diluents, equilibrium pH value (pHeq), the concentrations of L-valine and D2EHPA were found to be the key factors that affected D. The highest D was observed at pHeq around 2.6 with 1-octanol as diluent. D value increased with the increase of the concentration of D2EHPA. In contrast, as the increase of the concentration of L-valine, D value decreased. The extraction mechanism was analyzed by using Fourier infrared spectra. The reactive extraction mechanism of L-valine with D2EHPA was mainly via proton-transfer and ion-exchange process. By fitting the experimental data, (1:1) complex of L-valine with D2EHPA was deduced. The comparison of theoretical D values with the experimental data verified the reliability of the proposed mechanism equations.

CONCLUSIONS
L-valine was efficiently extracted from aqueous solutions using D2EHPA in 1-octanol, which provide preliminary practical information and theoretical basis for the separation of L-valine, as well as its purification and recovery.


Introduction: Mass casualty incidents (MCI) overwhelm existing resources in the emergency department. The existing method to recall staff in an MCI is text notification through the hospital call center. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a novel method to recall senior emergency physicians during an MCI. Method: For this method, upon notification of a MCI, the senior physician on duty will start call tree activation based on four different senior physician job grades. He/she will call the first physician for each grade, who takes over calling and activating the remaining physicians in the same grade with a maximum of two attempts. Each physician receiving the activation call then texts an acknowledgement and estimated time of arrival at the department in the group chat. An unannounced, simulated MCI event was conducted at 02:00 and 14:00 on a weekday. Effectiveness was determined by the proportion of senior physicians available within 60 minutes of activation. Results: For the 02:00 activation, three of the 25 senior physicians were on clinical duty in the hospital while nine were contactable within 15 minutes and thirteen after 30 minutes. Eleven were able to return to the hospital in 60 minutes or less and one beyond 60 minutes. Nine were local but unable to return and one was overseas. For the 14:00 activation, four of the 25 senior physicians were on clinical duty in the hospital while 15 were contactable within 15 minutes and six after 30 minutes. Nine were able to return to the hospital in 60 minutes or less and four beyond 60 minutes. Three were local but unable to return and five were overseas. Conclusion: This method can achieve rapid manpower augmentation with more than half the staff present in the hospital within 60 minutes. Drills involving physical recall should be performed to further test this workflow.


Ordered vacancy compound Cu(In0.75Ga0.25)3Se5 was synthesized by the fusion technique. The starting elements were sealed in evacuated silica tube and submitted to programmed thermal treatment. The x-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of the phase which crystallizes in the chalcopyrite structure. The elemental composition (Cu = 13.45 at.%, In = 22.14 at.%, Ga = 8.42 at.%, Se = 56.0 at.%) was determined by the energy dispersive spectroscopy. The optical gap (Eg) was obtained from the diffuse reflectance spectrum through the Kubelka–Munk equation. The dependence of the absorption coefficient (α) on the photon energy (hν) near the band edge is characteristic of directly allowed optical transition with Eg value of 1.27 eV. The high temperature conductivity data were fitted to a small lattice type polaron hopping based on the strong electron–lattice interaction with an effective mass of 0.76 mo. The material exhibits an excellent chemical stability in basic solution with a corrosion rate of 0.87 µmol per month. The photoelectrochemical characterization was done in KOH (0.5 M) electrolyte and the n-type conductivity was confirmed by the anodic photocurrent. The flat band potential (−0.78 VSCE) and the donor's density (2.73 × 1019 cm−3) were derived respectively from the slope and intercept with the potential axis of the Mott–Schottky plot. The results showed the potentiality of Cu(In0.75Ga0.25)3Se5 for the photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution.


Considering every kinds of English skills, writing ability training has been the focus of scholars, it is also a difficult facet in teach ing. Nowadays, the modern information technology is instrumental to the writing level. By analysing theories and giving out question naires, this article concludes that the modern information technology teaching is more convenient than the traditional English writing teach ing and it can arouse students' enthusiasm in English study. Therefore,it is instructional and valuable for the teachers'writing teaching in the future.


This Handbook offers an illuminating insight into one of the most fascinating aspects of the history of the reception of the Bible. The two volumes explore many facets of the filmic adaptation of the Bible across cultures, religious and cinematic traditions and genres. The expression in the title in Motion refers to different aspects of the mutual influence of the Bible and film. On the one hand, in Motion focuses on film as the technology of moving images, which relates to the entanglement of religious traditions and media innovation. On the other hand, in Motion highlights the dynamics that keep alive a sacred text: transmission processes are possible only if each generation re-reads and adapts the text. Film can thus be understood as a crucial language in which biblical narratives have been re-read and received since the end of the 19th century. The rich collection of contributions is organised in two volumes, each with three parts. In this review, I will limit myself to introducing the main sections. The first volume begins with "Biblical Characters and Stories (Hebrew Bible)". In this part, filmic adaptations of principal characters and narratives from the Hebrew Bible are discussed: the articles focus on Adam and Eve, Noah, Moses, Samson and Delilah, David and Esther. The next part, "Film Genres and Stories", is dedicated to the influence of the Bible on moving images in specific film genres. This section reaches from productions from the silent era to Western, horror film and comedy to anime, to name just a few examples. "Biblical Themes and Genres" analyses filmic contributions to central topics in the reception of the Bible: God, Satan, creation, theodicy, lament, afterlife and apocalypse. The second volume starts with "Biblical Character and Stories (New Testament)", with articles on Jesus, Judas and female characters in the Gospels, Paul and the early church, as well as Revelation. A chapter on Jews and Judaism completes this part. "Cinema and Auteurs" collects a highly interesting selection of studies on influential directors from different film traditions and the impact of


advanced and an impaired sexual life is in all CHC The aim of our study was to evaluate sexual impairment and associated factors in consecutive patients with CHC. Patients and methods: From September 2011 to April 2013, 268 CHC patients were prospectively included. Exclusion criteria were HBV or HIV co-infection, age <18 or >75, liver transplantation, excessive alco-hol consumption, OMS score >1 and evidence of a familial conflict that would make the questions inappropriate. Control men and women were healthy blood donors. Male and female sex questionnaires were adapted from the International Index of Erectile Function and from the Female Sexual Function Index, respectively, and concerned the past 30 days. Results: Five per-cent of all interrogated CHC patients refused the questionnaire. 268 patients (male were to 1088 blood donors (male 63%). 62.1% of CHC patients and of con-trols had sexual intercourse during the past 30 days (p<0.001). sexual in HCV men (global score 60.35 versus p<0.001) and (global score versus p=0.002), compared to HCV men had worse desire (p<0.001), confidence (p<0.001), HIV infection causes CD4+ lymphocyte depletion in the gut and has been linked to the disruption of gut epithelial integrity and increased microbial translocation. Microbial translocation has been linked to liver disease progression in HIV/HCV co-infected patients and to systemic immune activation in HIV-infected patients. Since Kupffer cells (KCs) are known targets of HIV in vivo, are responsible for the uptake of translocated microbial products entering the portal circulation, and are tol-erant to effects of LPS, we hypothesized that HIV infection of KCs may alter their response to LPS and postulated that despite effective systemic anti-retroviral therapy, their response to LPS may be persistently dysregulated Methods : KCs were isolated by density centrifugation from livers of patients with and without HIV infection who underwent resection or transplant (3-HIV/HCV and 1-HIV/HBV/HCV). All HIV patients had undetectable plasma HIV for a minimum of one year. Purity of KC preps was assessed by RT-qPCR for CD68, CD14, TLR4, CD3, and CD31. HIV-BaL (R5 tropic) and HIV-IIIB (X4 tropic) were used to infect primary KCs. Cytokine levels in response to LPS were examined by HCV is taken up by human cells (LSECs) and IFN LSECs have been highly conserved during evolution to clear waste molecules entering the circulation and make up ~50% of non-parenchymal cells in the liver. LSECs are known to transcy-tose HCV and facilitate direct contact with hepatocytes, but their roles in HCV RNA sensing and induction of innate antiviral responses remains largely unexplored. Methods/Results: We used both primary human LSECs (from eight subjects) and an immortalized LSEC line. LSECs express high levels of CD31, ICAM-1, DC-SIGN, L-SIGN, stabilin-1, as well as receptors implicated in HCV entry (LDL-R, CD81, SR-BI). Confocal microscopy demonstrated the presence of HCV core and HCV NS5A proteins 24 hrs after addition of full-length HCV JFH-1 (MOI 0.1). The uptake of HCV occurred independently of direct hepatocyte contact. This process was mediated by clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Although LSECs took up HCV, they did not sustain replication at at 24, 48 hrs, and 72 hrs. Next, primary LSECs were transfected with an HCV PAMP (the pU/UC tract in the 3' UTR); We have previously demonstrated that recruitment of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell progenitor cells (SPC) from the bone marrow is essential for liver regeneration (Wang al, After both partial hepatectomy and toxin-induced liver injury, hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a central role in regulating proliferation of SPC in the bone marrow, mobilization of SPC to the circulation, engraftment of SPC in the liver, and differentiation of SPC to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells et al, Gastroenterology 2012). However it is not intuitively obvious why a growth factor would regulate homing and engraftment of cells. We therefore examined whether the chemokine sdf-1 (stro-mal derived factor 1 or CXCL12), which is involved in homing and migration of T-lymphocytes, monocytes, and stem and progenitor cells, might be a downstream regulator of this process. Methods : Studies were performed in the two-thirds partial hepatectomy model in rats. VEGF and sdf-1 were knocked down by 4-weeks of a twice-weekly i.p. injection of their specific anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASO; ISIS Pharmaceuticals) with scrambled ASO as controls. SPC were identified as CD133 + 31 + 45 + cells in bone marrow (BM SPC) or in the circulation. Engraftment of BM SPC as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells after partial hepatectomy was determined by GFP tracking in wild type Lewis rats transplanted with bone marrow from Lew-Tg(CAG-EGFP)ys Lewis rats. Results : (1) Knockdown of VEGF with ASO decreased sdf-1 gene and protein expression by 60% (p<0.001) and 80% (p<0.005), respectively, demonstrating that sdf-1 is downstream of VEGF. (2) After partial hepatectomy, hepatic sdf-1 gene and protein expression increased more than 6-fold (p<0.0005) and 2-fold (p<0.01), respectively. (3) knockdown, completely prevented the partial hepatectomy-induced increase in proliferation of SPC in the bone marrow (p<0.01 compared to scrambled ASO control) and mobilization of SPC to the circulation (p<0.05 compared to scrambled ASO con-trol). Engraftment of BM SPC after partial hepatectomy was decreased by 50% after sdf-1 ASO (p<0.005). Conclusion : Hepatic sdf-1 acts downstream from VEGF to regulate homing and engraftment of bone marrow SPC after partial hepatectomy. Cre- mice, however, fewer neutrophils accu-mulated in the livers of HIF-1 α -GFAP Cre+ mice after carbon tetrachloride. Consistent with this, levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, critical for neutrophil recruitment, were lower in HIF-1 α -GFAP Cre+ mice after carbon tetrachloride. This suggests that activation of HIF-1 α in HSCs elicits production of inflammatory cytokines which recruit neutrophils to the liver to remove dead cell debris—a critical aspect of liver remodeling during repair. Collectively, these studies have identified a novel function for HSCs in orchestrating the clearance of necrotic hepatocytes from the liver, and demonstrated a key role for HIF-1 α in modulating the hepatic inflammatory response during acute liver injury. CCl4. vitro studies performed on peritoneal macrophages isolated from WT and ATG5Mye mice on hepatic myofibroblasts isolated from WT mice. Results: Studies in isolated peritoneal macrophages demonstrate that macrophages invalidated the ATG5 deficient in autophagy. Moreover, the IL-6, IL-1 TNF- peritoneal ATG5Mye profi-brogenic conditioned ATG5Mye − / − increased liver as shown by enhanced matrix deposition expression of collagen I in CCl4-treated − as compared WT mice. macrophage autophagy invalidation the fibrogenic TGF- TIMP-1, MMP2 MMP9 myofibroblast marker, α -SMA. macrophage autophagy Ly6C, CCR2, MPO. These demonstrate that autophagy liver fibrosis hepatic results suggest that Background: The inflammasome is a cytosolic protein complex, has central role to produce IL-1 β , leading chronic liver inflammation and fibrosis. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) induce release of Ca2+ ion from sarcoendoplasmic reticulum results in regula-tion of many biological processes, but their role in inflammasome activation is not known. Here we investigated the role of RyRs on inflammasome activation, hepatitis and liver fibrosis. Methods: Peritoneal murine macrophages were primed with LPS (200ng/ml) in presence or absence of a RyRs blocker dantrolene (50 μ M) for 3-6 hours and pro-IL-1 β expression was assayed by semi-qPCR. LPS priming was continued with or without dantrolene for 12 hours followed by ATP (5mM) treatment for 20 minutes, and products of inflammasome activation (cleaved caspase-1 and mature IL-1 β ) were assayed. A single dose of LPS (5mg/Kg) plus D-galactosamine (D-Gal; 300mg/Kg) was used for hepatitis model and thioacetamide (TAA; 0.2mg/g twice a week for 2 wks) was used for fibrosis model with and without dantrolene (5mg/Kg). Dantrolene was given once 1 hour prior to LPS/D-Gal injection in hepatitis and once every day in fibrosis model. Tissue injury and fibrosis was evaluated by standard techniques. Results: RyRs were expressed in macrophages with highest expression for RyR-1. Dantrolene in culture LPS-induced expression of pro-IL-1 caspase-1


ARE GIVEN A DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE PLATE VIBRATIONS 18 CUP OF CUTTING TOOL OF MACHINE TOOL AND INTERPRETATION OF VIBRATIONS IN ORDER TO DETECT THE INITIAL CONTACT WITH QUICKLY THE ROOM AND CAUSE THE JUDGMENT OF THE TOOL BEFORE THERE IS DAMAGE TO THE SURFACE. SIGNAL SENSOR PRODUCTS BY 21 OR 23, SUCH AS ACCELEROMETRE is pretreated IN ORDER TO ELIMINATE THE FREQUENCY NOISE LOWER THE MACHINE AND DETECTION IN ENERGY BAND FREQUENCY HIGHER THEN SUBJECT TO SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS BY DIGITAL CIRCUIT. SO AS TO PREVENT FALSE ALARMS DUE TO HIGH POINT NOISE PULSE AMPLITUDE CAUSED BY OPERATING THE MACHINE TOOL, THE ALARM FOR CONTACT WITH THE TOOL IS DELAYED TIME LONGER THAN THE DURATION OF HIGH NOISE PULSE. ARE GIVEN TWO TECHNIQUES FOR IGNORING PEAK NOISE WHILE DETECTING SIGNAL CONTACT WITH THE TOOL. APPLICATION BY SIZING PARTS TOOLS ON MACHINE TOOLS.


Activated carbon was produced from palm-kernel
shell using NaOH and KOH solutions as the activating agents.
The same was tested to determine its adsorptive capacity and
efficiency using methylene blue solution. Particle sizes of the
produced carbon were in the range of 600 – 2000 μm. The
adsorption process was carried out at two different temperatures
using methylene blue as adsorbate. It was observed that
adsorption of methylene blue dye using carbon activated
impregnated with KOH gave better result than with NaOH.
Based on the adsorption parameters obtained, the process was
found to be better described by the Freundlich adsorption
isotherm.


ArcGIS Desktop* and ArcGIS Workstation* were used to extract statistically significant information from various geospatial data sets for input into a statistical model of groundwater vulnerability. The product of this effort was a probability map that identified areas of vulnerability to groundwater-quality degradation. This information is of interest to a variety of water professionals because it provides a tool to help make educated decisions regarding the management of groundwater resources in the High Plains aquifer. Because the study area includes 174,000 mi2 in parts of eight States, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was required to efficiently extract information for 31 variables from 14 spatial-data layers at 6,416 well locations throughout the study area. The layers were both vector and raster and included information about depth to water, aquifer saturated thickness, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, aquifer specific yield, average annual precipitation rates, percentage of irrigated land and agricultural land (irrigated and nonirrigated), chemical application rates (nitrogen/phosphorus/pesticide), manure application rates, soil characteristics, and water-use estimates. For categorical data sets and certain continuous data sets (precipitation, depth to water, saturated thickness, hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, chemical applications, manure applications, and water use) the data were extracted directly from the layer at the location of each well by using a series of identity overlays. For other layers where information needed to be related to the area around a well (soil characteristics, percentage of irrigated land around a well, percentage of agricultural land around a well), buffers of varying sizes were created around each well and the information was inventoried for the buffer areas using both vector union techniques and raster map-algebra techniques. The extracted data were used as variable input for an iterative series of statistical calculations using logistic regression. These calculations determined which of the variables (layers) or combination of variables were significantly correlated with observed nitrate concentrations in the groundwater. The variables became part of an equation defining the probability of a dissolved constituent in the ground water to be above a specified concentration. Once the probability equation was defined, the appropriate GIS layers representing the significant variables were converted to raster data sets (if they were vector data sets; raster data sets were used as is) to utilize the map algebra capabilities of ArcGIS. The significant raster data layers, the equation, and its various coefficients for each layer were put back into the GIS and, using map algebra, the probability surface was calculated and then easily visualized using the GIS. *The use of trade names are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be considered an endorsement of a specific product by the U.S. Government.


This paper introduces UBC ("Unified Buffer Cache"), a design for unifying the filesystem and virtual memory caches of file data, thereby providing increased system performance. In this paper we discuss both the traditional BSD caching interfaces and new UBC interfaces, concentrating on the design decisions that were made as the design progressed. We also discuss the designs used by other operating systems to solve the same problems that UBC solves, with emphasis on the practical implications of the differences between these designs. This project is still in progress, and once completed will be part of a future release of NetBSD.


The impact of speech and language technology for the endangered language depends on the extent to which the language community engages with its development. In this paper, the range of speech technologies and applications developed for Irish in the ABAIR initiative in Trinity College Dublin is presented, along with reflections on the many ways in which the language community has come to play an increasingly central role. Community involvement and buy-in is essential for all aspects – not only for the development of core technologies, such as speech synthesis and recognition systems – but to prompt development directions, to determine priorities for the most important and urgently needed applications and to collaborate in their provision. In order for technology to achieve its potential for the endangered language, developers need a knowledge of the language and an understanding of the socio-linguistic context in which the technologies will be used.


Title: Lead dust fall deposition rates during deconstruction of wood frame buildings in an urban region in the Northeastern United States. Objectives: Determine the lead dust fall deposition rate due to hybrid deconstruction (separation and removal of building components) of wood-frame structures, and compare that to the lead dust fall deposition rate from demolition (compression and collapse of building components). Scope: A city block with a total of 11 wood-frame structures was selected as the location for the deconstruction leadfall testing. Testing was done during the deconstruction of 7 of the 11 pre-1950 homes (mean construction year 1928, mean floor area 283 square meter). Method: During deconstruction, the lead deposition rate was measured by using the modified APHA 502 method (Mucha et al. 2009). Findings: The geometric mean deposition rate for the lead dust fall at the property perimeter from the houses using deconstruction was 61.3 ug/sg m/hr. Published values for deposition rates from demolition in Chicago (Jacobs, et al. 2013) are 59.0 and 152 ug/sq m/hr for homes with and without the use of dust suppression. The deposition rate during hybrid deconstruction is similar to the deposition rate during demolition when dust suppression is employed. Implications: Many older urban areas have abandoned buildings containing lead-based paint. Governments in these regions invest in removing these buildings, using a variety of methods. To avoid further lead contamination in the soil surrounding these buildings, methods which minimize the total lead dust fall must be employed. The proper quantification and evaluation of these methods will help policy makers with their decisions.


This paper reports on recent research on regional strategic planning in four Australian states/territories. While some states have taken a participative approach, consulting exhaustively, others have adopted a corporate style, consulting selectively and hence developing a highly politicised planning product. Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia and the Northern Territory have each approached the task differently. Consequently, the extent of participation and civic engagement, particularly through the conduit of third-sector organisations, has varied considerably. Tasmania Together, the Tasmanian twenty-year strategic plan, is the oldest of the four, currently approaching its tenth birthday, and is arguably an example of successful policy transfer. This developed into policy diffusion as the approach spread across other Australian states and territories. As participants in the Tasmania Together process, third-sector organisations have engaged in partnership agreements with government to develop and implement strategies, as well as assisting the Tasmania Together Progress Board to assess progress towards agreed benchmarks. This independent approach, in which the Progress Board is legislatively separated from the government of the day, has come at a cost. Where political will is waning, it falls to the third sector and the community at large to maintain the momentum. The models adopted in the other states differ and are at earlier stages. Nevertheless, it is clear that the role of the third sector in each is vital.


The most important aspect of development and the following use of human resources is highly effective education system which doesn't exist in the Republic and require completely improvement. Education became the main base which can help to achieve economic development of the country, their integration into the world community, the development of scientific and productive forces of society.


Abstract The paper is devoted to the study of a boundary-value problem for an equation of mixed type with generalized operators of fractional differentiation in boundary conditions. We prove uniqueness of solutions under some restrictions on the known functions and on the different orders of the operators of generalized fractional differentiation appearing in the boundary conditions. Existence of solutions is proved by reduction to a Fredholm equation of the second kind, for which solvability follows from the uniqueness of the solution of our original problem.


In this paper,the authors mainly study the uniqueness theorem of meromorphic functions and defferential polynomials that share one value with weight,and obtain two theorems,which improve and generalize the related results.


Guillermo Murillo of Costa Rica held up his bottle of generic AIDS medications. "I come here as a person living with AIDS who is alive today thanks to these medicines," he told negotiators at the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) Miami meeting in November 2003.

![Figure][1]


SUMMARY In Expt 1, four groups of seven hypocupraemic ewes were repleted with a semipurified diet containing 7·2 mg Cu, 3·5 gS and 0·5, 2·5, 4·5 or 8·5 mg Mo/kg D.M. as ammonium molybdate for 65 days. The first increment in Mo caused the largest reduction in plasma Cu repletion and the second completely inhibited repletion but the final increment led to a partial recovery. The highest Mo level caused marked increases in plasma Mo and reduced rumen sulphide concentrations. In Expt 2, five groups of four hypocupraemic ewes were repleted with hays containing 7–8 mg Cu, 3–3·4 g S and 0·4, 2·8, 4·3, 14·2 or 18·7 mg Mo/kg D.M. for 21 days. The hays were made in June from pasture sprayed earlier with 0–800 g Mo/ha as sodium molybdate. Qualitatively the changes in plasma Cu distribution and Mo content showed the same curvature with increases in dietary Mo as those in Expt 1. In Expt 3, four groups of five hypocupraemic ewes were repleted on pastures which had received a spring foliar dressing of 0–800 g Mo/ha. Herbage in the four plots was grazed in July, when it contained 0·7, 3·5, 5·9 or 12·4 mg Mo, 6'4 mg Cu and 2·7 g S/kg D.M. and again in September. Quadratic responses to Mo were demonstrated on both occasions, but, for a given Mo level, responses in caeruloplasmin synthesis were much lower than in Expt 2. It is concluded that Cu absorption is inhibited most by 4–6 mg Mo/kg D.M. and that inhibition of S2- production at higher Mo levels may give rise to a recovery in Cu absorption. Semi-purified diets give responses which lie roughly between those for fresh herbage and hay.


Mental retardation (MR), that is s a major social, educational, and health problem, occurs with the prevalence of 1-3% of general population. The etiologies of MR are complex the cause remains unknown in about 50% of cases and include teratogenic and environmental factors, perinatal asphyxia and genetic causes. Cytogenetic studies have been reported to determine the contribution of chromosomal abnormalities in parents with mental retardation from various other countries. As far as we know, no enaught studies have been done in the middle Anatolia in Turkey. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency and nature of chromosomal aberrations in Turkish patients that contribute to mental retardation.


The use of multimedia to design and produce maps and atlas products requires a different approach to that of assembling a mapping package with automated mapping systems or desktop publishing. Multimedia authoring packages allow for the assembly of an interactive atlas or map collection which can contain computer graphiCS, still and moving images, sound and video. These mapping elements can be cross-referenced and connected through hypertext links and pre-determined viewing routines. The authoring of multimedia products, which can be stored and distributed on CD-ROM, offers cartographers the ability to investigate and develop design strategies which can be implemented using non-conventional mapping packages. The mapping industry first used computers as "number crunchers", then to guide drawing instruments as CAD systems, then applied computer graphics to artwork production and output. Multimedia, and it's associated computer-driven devices may well become part of the tools of the profession.


According to the latest regional human development report for Latin American countries, significantly reduced social inequalities were observed from 2002 to 2013, as indicated by a lower Gini index, which decreased from 0.54 in 2002 to 0.49 in 2013 (UNDP, 2016). The main factor associated with this reduced Gini index was the reduction in poverty; however, other types of exclusion persist, linked to factors such as ethnicity and sex (ECLAC, 2016; UNDP, 2016). Although the reduction in poverty has been accompanied by improvements in both education and health-related indicators, including increased school access, reduced infant mortality, and increased life expectancy, progress in policies to maintain these achievements has been insufficient; this lack of progress is due particularly to the scant development in social protection (UNDP, 2016). This situation has resulted in demographic and epidemiological transitions in the form of an ageing population and an increased burden of chronic diseases. A large percentage of the population (particularly the elderly population) are experiencing poorer conditions because of limited access to basic social services (including health-care services) and, after the diagnosis of disabling diseases such as cancer, a higher risk of impoverishment (ECLAC, 2016; UNDP, 2016). Cancer inequalities


Principy selekcie objemu vŕtneho výplachu pri vŕtani s prudovým cerpadlom The reverse mud circulation induced by a stream pump is most frequently applied for large diameter drilling. This system is treated as auxiliary in all design solutions. It is implemented to drilling wells from the surface to the depth of deposition of the preliminary column. It enables performing wells in loose sands, gravel, clays clayey shales, marls, limestones, sandstones and other sedimentary rocks. A principle of selecting a drilling mud stream volume for various bit diameters and drilling rates in loose rocks are presented in the paper. A special attention has been paid to the drop of efficiency of cuttings removal with an increasing depth of the borehole.


Since the advent of compressed-gas diving early in the nineteenth century, there has been dramatic extension in our ability to work beneath the sea. Two hundred years ago, depth and time were limited by breath-hold tolerance. Today, working dives exceed 1000 feet of sea water. Increased penetration of the depths has directly paralleled the development of new equipment and technology. For instance, the application of high-volume steam-driven compressors in the early 1800s made it possible to work under water and under caisson pressure in the construction of bridges and tunnels. The availability from 1935 of helium as a breathing gas allowed divers to go below 150 feet without narcosis. The development of high-pressure compressors, together with the rediscovery and development of the demand regulator by Cousteau and Gagnan in 1941, greatly expanded the practical use of scuba (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus). This made free-swimming divers independent of surface support and greatly increased their versatility. The availability of this particular equipment was responsible for an enormous burgeoning of the diving population. It is relatively inexpensive, easy to use, and has a wide application in military, scientific, industrial, and sport diving. Each of these advances in technology has exacted a price in casualties. The breath-hold diver has only drowning to fear. With the advent of compressed gas, divers extended not only their ability to work under water, but also their exposure to accidents from pulmonary overexpansion, arterial embolization, oxygen poisoning, nitrogen narcosis, decompression sickness, and even more exotic problems that accompany very great pressures. Diving injuries are of particular interest to neurology because the nervous system is the primary site of the lesions in both air embolism and serious decompression sickness. Altered consciousness may relate to near-drowning, oxygen toxicity, hypoxia and nitrogen narcosis. This chapter will describe the diving problems most likely to confront the practicing neurologist: decompression sickness and air embolization. It will touch briefly on the more exotic problems related to deep diving in the commercial and military sectors.


This book differs from the two preceding in being more a general introduction to statistical method than a practical course with exercises. I t sets out to survey the various kinds of distributions and series which arise in statistics, and describes in elementary language the processes employed in elucidating them. The principal sections t reat of frequency distributions, spatial series, time series, graphic representation and index numbers. Brief but interesting accounts of the collection and tabulation of data are given in appendices. On the mathematical side there is very little ground for criticism, for the good reason that " the mathematical requirements have been reduced to a minimum." This reduction of mathematical requirements seems to us to reduce the value of the book considerably. I t is significant tha t whereas the preface of the 1st edition of Bowley's well-known " Elements " assumed an equipment rather more moderate than tha t of a certain Major-General, the 4th edition expressed the opinion " tha t a student will save time in the end by becoming familiar with the infinitesimal calculus before he commences the serious study of mathematical statistics." The arrangement and exposition of subjects are both very good, but the deliberate abstention from mathematical formulae has the inevitable result of lengthiness. There is also occasional repetition, and too much indulgence in long quotations. The author's own opinions are advanced with cautious reservations. The external features of the book are wholly admirable. -The printing is excellent, the maps, tables and diagrams could not be set out better, and in all such details of form there is evidence of most careful preparation. I t is difficult, however, to see any reason for the inclusion of the thir ty pages of tables at the end. The book is quite long enough without them, indeed, for an introduction, too long. So protracted a survey of the surface of the statistical waters makes one disinclined to take the plunge. A. C. AITKEN.


Potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate were incorporated to individually substitute 50% of the ionic strength of the sodium chloride in restructured ham. The calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate treatments resulted in significantly lower cook yields while those samples with calcium chloride exhibited significantly higher thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values compared to the four other treatments. The calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate treatments produced hams that had significantly different "L", "a", and "b" values compared with the control. The total lipid and cholesterol contents of the various treatments were not significantly different.


Motion of kinks on a dislocation is analysed on the basis of the string model for the dislocation. The equation of the motion is expressed in terms of the mass M per unit length of the dislocation, the line tension T , the Peierls force and an external stress, where viscous resistances are neglected. The equation is solved numerically under the initial condition that the dislocation can cross over the Peierls barrier in the direction of the force due to the external stress with the minimum energy. The solution shows, 1) the kinks propagate quasi-stationarily, 2) the propagation velocity approaches \(\sqrt{T/M}\) nearly independently of the Peierls force and of the applied stress, 3) after long time the velocity component of dislocation segments in the direction normal to the dislocation line approaches the sound velocity, showing that the velocity-dependent mass should be taken into the string model.


Medicines development and clinical research are among the most heavily regulated activities on a global basis. As our understanding of pathophysiology and therapeutic intervention has increased, there has been a concomitant increase in the complexity of clinical trial protocol requirements[1][1] and


TV university's lifetime education,with its own characteristics and advantages,plays an important role in the course of improving the whole peoplel's quality and constructing the lifetime education system.Shandong TV University,in practice of developing continuous education,with the leaders paying attention to it and basing on the provincial conditions,pays attention to project development,realizes the internowing between degree and non-degree education,jointly runs the school with the ordinary universities with the complementary advantages,fully uses the modern teaching means,seizes the commanding point of continuous education and makes positive contributions to the promotion of the social progress and the development of economy of Shandong.


(57) Abstract: The invention relates to a system that maintains the view that is precomputed. A system and method, when the detailed data is changed, to determine the maintenance plan to refresh the view to be precomputed; maintenance plan integrated with query execution plan in the database server; query execution plan by running, maintaining a view that is pre-calculated corresponding to the detailed data in the database server.


The majority of India's population lives in arid and semiarid regions, where precipitation is scarce, making agriculture a crucial industry. Thus, farmers have started growing pulses like chickpeas, lentils, peas, and green gram to feed people. In these areas, black gram is one of the most common crops. Yields were poor because to the lack of water and nutrients (most nutrients are inaccessible owing to strong bonding with soil particles, and most nutrients are in the air gaseous form, principally nitrogen), which were also scarce. Farmers use excessive amounts of artificial fertilizers, which boost productivity but weaken the soil and kill off the biota. Biofertilizers, such as Rhizobium strains, PSB (phosphate solubilizing bacteria), VAM (vascular arbuscular mycorrhiza), Cyanobacteria, and other microorganism fertilizers, play a crucial role in pulse crops by increasing nutrient uptake in crops through the formation of nodules in their roots, which aids in the Mineralization process and converts the unavailable form of nutrient into a usable one.


One of the principal processes in the banking system is the transportation issues. The banking system networks consist of several treasuries and several branches that transfer their vehicles from the treasuries to the branches. The main features that are considered in the banking system include the monetary operation. The main activity in order to successfully process of remittance is vehicle routing so that it can perform the monetary operation in the shortest possible time with the least risk. In this research, a multi-objective model is proposed, aimed at reducing supply chain costs, reducing the delivery time and money transfers and related risk reduction. Vehicles play an effective role in the banking system, so vehicles are considered heterogeneous. The demand associated with the branch is assumed to be time-varying and deterministic. The proposed model is a mixed-integer linear program, which is a numerical example for solving and the validation study in medium size by using General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS)software.


OF THESIS THE SCIENCE AND ART OF A COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT SHORT COURSE: AN APPROACH TO DESIGN, TEACHING, AND EVALUATION Community developers are often solicited to teach essential core concepts and strategies in the field but lack the consensus among their peers on which theories constitute the fundamentals. This study examines leading community development theories, concepts and approaches to establish the essential elements for a weeklong short course. In addition to content research, leading teaching theories were also explored to establish the core methods for teaching such a course. Active learning techniques were utilized to increase student participation in the learning process while building solidarity and capacity in the class. Finally, the short course was taught to a group in Banda Aceh, Indonesia and was evaluated for knowledge and attitude change through pretests, posttests, and journal entries.


The product state distributions for hot atom collisions of H(D) with HF(DF) with a broad range of collision energies between 1.2  eV and 2.3 eV are measured with time-resolved Fourier transform spectroscopy and rotational resolution under multiple collision conditions. In most cases the vibrational distributions of reactive and nonreactive channels can be distinguished. All rotational distributions have a similar appearance with a maximum at J=5 and an additional pronounced higher component, which cannot be described by a single Boltzmann distribution. The results are compared with recent three dimensional quasiclassical trajectory calculations (accompanying paper by Schatz) by applying a multiple collision model for both the H(D) atom slowdown and the rotational and vibrational relaxation. The rotational distributions can also be interpreted by a three dimensional asymmetric breathing ellipsoid model.


With the digital technology's rapid development in different businesses,the application of the clothing CAD system shows that digital technology has a direct effect on clothing industry.The fashion design as the key factor in clothing industry has also started to accept the digital technology.The system's limitation about the style problems on fashion design was discussed,with the system's necessity and possibility in style's demand analyzed,and some suggestions were proposed about the system so as to make fashion digital designing system more stylistic than ever before.


The properties of Ductal ® ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete are summarized together with the associated design recommendations as a basis for the use of the material in two structures in the city of Calgary – Canada. The first application was in a 20-mm thick shell canopy with no conventional reinforcement and the second was in a post-tensioned, 33.6-metre T-girder that is the central, suspended span of a pedestrian bridge. In the second application, only a small amount of glassfibre and stainless steel reinforcement was used. Both structures are believed to be milestones in the use of this type of concrete, being the first shell structure in the first instance and in the second, the largest component cast in a single pour at the time of its production. Full-scale tests on both structures were performed prior to final construction. A shell canopy was subjected to independent, full factored wind and snow load cases. The actual T-girder was subjected to 90% of the factored service load, first uniformly applied over the top of the slab and then eccentrically, over a lateral half of the slab. A summary of the design assumptions and choices, tests and results, and building processes is presented. The fibres used in the concrete for the canopies were 12-mm organic PVA (poly-vinyl alcohol), while 13-mm steel fibres were used in the bridge concrete. 2.2 Design Recommendations Design stress-strain curves in compression and tension are detailed by the U.S. Department of Transportation 2006b and reproduced in Figure 1. Chanvillard & Rigeau 2003 presented more details on the tensile behaviour of this material. According to these authors, the theoretical tensile strength of a steelfibre Ductal ® section is equal to the fibre strength, 2,500 MPa, multiplied by its volume percentage, 2%, times a coefficient that takes into account the fibre orientations, assumed equal to 0.6, times a fibre/matrix efficiency coefficient, equal to 0.5. The calculation gives a theoretical tensile strength of 15MPa, which is of the same order of magnitude as the average results of the direct tensile tests reported. Flexural tests on varying sizes specimens were also reported. From these results, after correcting the flexural tensile strength by a scale factor, the authors estimated a direct tensile strength of 11.5 MPa, which is the value that was used in structural design calculations for the bridge section tested here. Figure 1. Experimental stress-strain curve for Ductal ® (Chanvillard & Rigaud, 2003) Figure 2. Recommended tensile stress-strain curve for design with Ductal ® (Behloul, 2006) Furthermore, design recommendations are based on another study where diagonal and vertical 70 x 70 x 280 mm samples were cut from a 3-m long I-beam, tested in flexure, and the results compared to those from samples moulded to the same size and tested under the same conditions (Behloul 2006). The objective of this last study was to measure the influence of changing fibre orientation during placement of the material on the resulting strength (horizontal samples should also have been tested but were lost during the cutting process). The authors introduced another fibre orientation factor, the ―K-factor‖, which was the maximum flexural strength obtained from moulded prisms divided by the flexural strength obtained from prisms cut from the I-beam. A lower-bound behaviour for design was suggested as presented in Figure 2. The 1.34-value shown in this graph is in respect of this last fibre orientation K factor. The recommended design curve is more conservative than the curve presented in Figure 2, but takes into account other aspects that may be present in a field application. Table 1. Ductal concrete properties after Heat Treatment Characteristic Result Compression Strength, N/mm 2 (1) (standard deviation in brackets) 152.3 (± 6.3)


Although numerous researchers have examined corporate political action, there is a lack of consensus as to a definitive model. Using a sample of U.S. manufacturers, we compare two models and demons...


The advancements in pattern recognition has accelerated recently due to the many emerging applications which are not only challenging, but also computationally more demanding, such evident in Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Document Classification, Computer Vision, Data Mining, Shape Recognition, and Biometric Authentication, for instance. The area of OCR is becoming an integral part of document scanners, and is used in many applications such as postal processing, script recognition, banking, security (i.e. passport authentication) and language identification. The research in this area has been ongoing for over half a century and the outcomes have been astounding with successful recognition rates for printed characters exceeding 99%, with significant improvements in performance for handwritten cursive character recognition where recognition rates have exceeded the 90% mark. Nowadays, many organizations are depending on OCR systems to eliminate the human interactions for better performance and efficiency. The field of pattern recognition is a multidisciplinary field which forms the foundation of other fields, as for instance, Image Processing, Machine Vision, and Artificial Intelligence. Therefore, OCR cannot be applied without the help of Image Processing and/or Artificial Intelligence. Any OCR system goes through numerous phases including: data acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, classification and post-processing where the most crucial aspect is the preprocessing which is necessary to modify the data either to correct deficiencies in the data acquisition process due to limitations of the capturing device sensor, or to prepare the data for subsequent activities later in the description or classification stage. Data preprocessing describes any type of processing performed on raw data to prepare it for another processing procedure. Hence, preprocessing is the preliminary step which transforms the data into a format that will be more easily and effectively processed. Therefore, the main task in preprocessing the captured data is to decrease the variation that causes a reduction in the recognition rate and increases the complexities, as for example, preprocessing of the input raw stroke of characters is crucial for the success of efficient character recognition systems. Thus, preprocessing is an essential stage prior to feature extraction since it controls the suitability of the results for the successive stages. The stages in a pattern recognition system are in a pipeline fashion meaning that each stage depends on the success of the previous stage in order to produce optimal/valid results. However, it is 1


This is an exploratory and descriptive study, developed from thematic semi-structured interviews, with women who had breastfed for at least four months and were linked to Medical Care Center II (PAM II) in the city of Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo State. This study aimed to identify the moment and reasons that led women to use regional lactogogues as support to breastfeeding; identify the kind of lactogogues used; and identify the fundamentals of common sense on which this use was based. After transcribing and analyzing the interviews, three thematic units arose: lactogogues, experience and support. The subjects identified the lactogogues, used them and reaffirmed their value. To have experienced breastfeeding was extremely important to the subjects. Family and social values were crucial as support; and they also appreciated the orientations given, describing good feelings and sensations during the act.


Purpose : Aim of the study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength of zirconia primer on the retention of zirconium-oxide ceramic crowns. Objectives were to evaluate and compare the efficacy of bond strength of a resin cement (Multilink Automix) when used with or without primer (Zirbond) under clinically simulated condition and to determine the efficacy of air-abrasion on crown retention when used in conjunction with primer (Zirbond) and without it.
 Materials and Methods: 48 zirconia copings on natural premolar teeth were fabricated and divided into 4 groups, with 12 copings in each group. The primer used was 6-MHPA (phosphonic acid based). The 4 groups were: Group A- no primer + no sandblasting, group B- only primer, group C- only sandblasting, group D - primer + sandblasting. The tensile bond strength was measured on a tensometer. The force at dislodgement in Newton was recorded from it and the tensile bond strength in MPa was calculated by dividing the force (N) by bonded surface area of each tooth in mm 2 . Data obtained was statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple post-hoc procedures. P value of less than 0.05 with a confidence interval of more than 95% was considered statistically significant.
 Results: A significant difference was obtained between primed and non-primed copings and also between abraded and non-abraded copings. The tensile bond strength in various groups were group A- 2.23 (0.45), group B- 3.6 (0.92), group C- 5.13 (0.67) and group D- 7.26 (0.61).
 Conclusion : To maximize the bond strength of resin cements with zirconium-oxide copings, surface modification using primer application and air-abrasion can be done.


For a 12-day butterflies resources investigation in June 2007,collected 348 butterflies in forest park of Tao Hua Chong in Yingshan county,Hubei province.Through the authentication,the collected species are subordinate to 8 families,38 genera and 59 species,among them 5 species are recorded for the first time.Due to the investigation,concludes that the main elements of the fauna in this region are oriental.


The U.S. airline industry is principally composed of legacy and low cost airlines. Legacy airlines are essentially those airlines that were in operation before deregulation and which have large route networks. They have large, complex hub-and-spoke networks with a large aircraft fleet that services domestic markets of all sizes at numerous fare levels. On the other hand, low cost carriers (LCC) are those that entered the marketplace after deregulation and primarily operate point-to-point networks from focus cities using fewer types of aircraft. These airlines typically offer a simplified fare structure that was originally aimed at leisure passengers, but is now increasingly attractive to business passengers because they do not have restrictive ticketing rules that make it significantly more expensive to purchase last minute tickets. In 1978, under the Airline Deregulation Act, the United States deregulated its domestic airline industry. The main purpose of deregulation was to remove government control and open the air transport industry to market forces. In the years since deregulation, fares measured in real terms have fallen since 1978. However, while deregulation lead to lower fares, it did not bring about the full measure of competition envisioned by its creators. Legacy airlines created unique hub-and-spoke networks that increased service for consumers but kept local market fares high at their hubs. Moreover, the legacy airlines acted in a highly competitive fashion within their hub (e.g. substantially increasing scheduled service and aggressive pricing) in order to intimidate potential entrants, including LCCs, from entering the market. The Southwest Effect is characterized as the phenomenon that occurs once Southwest Airlines enters a new market, in which the average airfare decreases and the number of


In 1917, in the midst of war, the internationalist ideals of the old Second Socialist International came close to achieving an unparalleled diplomatic triumph of non-governmental initiative by bringing together responsible political leaders of the left from the countries of opposing belligerents to discuss peace terms with neutrals on neutral ground at Stockholm.


TIle authors describe the Geometric Prillciples to perjimn the Mammary Reconstruction utilizing CutalleOilS Flaps in DOllble V, associllted with the Implantation ofMammary Prosthesis. This techllilJue has been developed alld used in 10 patients sillce 1996. Easy to be executed, the flaps are characterized by the facility oftransposition II1ld "otatioll, good vasCIllariZlltion "iability and by the fact that they assure 111' adelJullte shape and pOSitiOllillg of the Meast, which pol/mle is assured by the mammalY implant. Besides the good aesthetic "esults and altllOst unseen scars, by the fimctional point of"iell" they achieve agreater mobility to the axillary area, Jimner/y retracted. The technique alloJVs as JVell the reshaping of the other side bl'east, nipple and areola complex, in one time stt/;gC1)\ lessening the psycho-emotional traumas to the patients with mammary cancer, victims ofphysical a"d psychologicalmutilatiolls caused by mastectomies. Rn. Soc. Bras. Cir. PI:ist. Sao Paulo ".13 11.3 p. 19-42 scp/dec. 1998 19 Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Phistica


We present an automatic method for extracting the geologic features of gravity and magnetic anomaly bodies. Combining the curvature, analytic signal and upward continuation processing together, we present a depth-estimation method for interpretation of sources. The method only uses the first derivatives of the gravity or magnetic anomaly reducing to the pole, which is insensitive to noise and has higher precision comparing with the process of second derivatives. Using depth-estimation, the geometric types of sources can also be inferred. Tests on synthetic and real data excellent results in extracting geologic features.


Two new species of the genus Anthurium are described from Caparaó National Park in the Atlantic Forest region of southeastern Brazil. Presently known collections indicate that the two species occur in distinct elevation zones. A. caparaoense occurs in the semideciduous seasonal montane forest at 1400−1970 m, and A. erythrospadix in both semideciduous seasonal montane forest and dense ombrophilous forest, at 890−1280 m. Descriptions, illustrations, photographs and comparison with other similar species of Anthurium sect. Urospadix are provided, together with commentaries on geographical distribution, ecology and phenology.


Care of patients with functional neurological disorders (FND) is complex, often with poor outcomes. There is currently only low quality evidence of interventions needed for recovery in the acute phase. In this paper the characteristics of a cohort of acute FND patients managed within a large tertiary neurosciences centre are described and health service provision explored to identify fidelity with best practice.


Abstract Most traditional fisheries models have size or stage–age relationships as their foundation. Two long-established metrics used are FL and TL. Body length measurements are linked to age, maturity, and fecundity. Obtaining FL or TL measurements are not always convenient, especially for larger fish (>100 cm TL). Two skate species, Longnose Skate Raja rhina and Big Skate R. binoculata, were collected from commercial fishery landings along the coast of Washington State and length–length or width–length conversions were investigated for four metrics of size: TL, tail only length (TOL), interspiracular width (ISW), and interorbital width (IOW). Relationships between TL and alternative measures were examined using model II regression analyses and confirmed a strong linear relationship in all cases (R 2 > 0.94). It is likely that both TL and TOL measures have errors due to worn-off tail portions; conversely, the ISW is nonlaborious and convenient to obtain. The ISW metric has a smaller coefficient of varia...


Objective To observe the effects of Xinfeng Capsules(XFC),a traditional Chinese prescription for invigorating spleen-qi,dissipating dampness and removing obstacles from collaterals,on heart function and serum and myocardial brain natriuretic peptides(BNP) in rats with adjuvant arthritis(AA).Methods Sixty rats were averagely randomized into control group,model control group,methotrexate(MTX) treated group,Tripterygium glycosides Tablet(TGT) treated group,and XFC treated group.Except for rats in normal control group,other rats were induced to AA model by intradermally injecting Freund's complete adjuvant into the right paw.Nineteen days after inducing AA model,rats in normal control group and model control group were administered with normal saline,and rats in the remaining three groups were treated with MTX,TGT,and XFC,respectively.The swelling degree of voix pedis,arthritis index(AI),heart function,serum levels of BNP and the expression of myocardial BNP mRNA were observed in rats of each group.Results (1) Compared with those in normal control group,heart rate(HR),heart index(HI),left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP),left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP) increased significantly(P0.05) in model control group,while the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure of development or decline(±dp/dtmax) decreased significantly(P0.05).Compared with those in model control group,HI,LVSP and LVEDP decreased significantly(P0.05,or P0.01) in XFC treated group,while ±dp/dtmax increased significantly(P0.05,or P0.01).Compared with those in MTX treated group,LVSP and LVEDP significantly decreased(P0.05),and +dp/dtmax increased significantly in XFC treated group(P0.05).(2) Compared with those in normal control group,the serum levels of BNP and the expression levels of myocardial BNP mRNA increased significantly in model control group(P0.05,or P0.01).Compared with those in model control group,the serum levels of BNP significantly decreased in all treated groups(P0.05),while the expression levels of myocardial BNP mRNA significantly decreased only in TGT treated group(P0.05).Conclusion The heart function of AA rats is decreased by some degrees.XFC can ameliorate the swelling of voix pedis,and AI as well as improve the heart function,which may be related with protective effects on cardiocytes by reducing the serum levels of BNP,and inhibiting the expression of myocardial BNP.


Research Purpose: The overall goal of this research is to determine the effec-tiveness of primary school teachers' classroom management strategies in controlling children in Bangladesh. Students' evaluations will be used to assess the teaching approach and classroom management. This study will also aim to compartmentalize and gather data on the teaching methods and class management systems used by primary school teachers in Bangladesh. The ef-fectiveness of the current teaching approach used with the pupils will also be examined in this study. Research Method: This research will use a statistically sound, collaborative, and feedback-driven method. This assessment will be conducted using a mixed-methods research design. There will include both qualitative and quantitative data. Secondary data acquired via literature studies will be the major data source for this study. Guardians, students, researchers, and educators will provide preliminary data. Research Result: The majority of instructors prefer traditional teaching approaches. Furthermore, teachers are not keen to encourage pupils. Most professors, on the other hand, consistently encourage pupils to pursue further education and offer appropriate academic tools. The study found out the teaching method's current condi-tion, and class arrangements. Research Conclusion: The study aimed to assess the efficacy of the classroom management adopted by primary school teachers over the students in Bangladesh. The method and the classroom management of teaching will be evaluated through the evaluation of students. The study worked on four types of variables: an overall assessment of the study from all of the respondents, data from teachers on teaching methods, data from the students, and data from the teachers from teachers on classroom management.


The purpose of this research is to find out whether any different of the financial performance before and after stock split at the manufacture company which is listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample of this research is PT Delta Dunia Petroindo Tbk and PT Berlina Tbk who do a stock split in 2008. The analysis technique used is t test with the multiple sample. Based on the statistically test by using t test of the multiple sample can be know that 9 ratio can be observe from the 2 companies who do the stock split, it was all ratio has no distinction significantly between before and after stock split. Keywords: financial performance, finantial ratio, stock split


This short text is devoted to presentation of preliminary results of the fundamental experiment carried out by A.A. Bobrinsky in the 1970s and the 1980s on the basis of traditional pottery trade. Altogether about 40 master potters of different ages and of different skill levels took part in this experiment in different years. The experiment consisted in artificial modeling of the situation that occurred permanently in the history of pottery. We mean cases when a potter produces vessel forms that are new for him and due to specific historical reasons became "fashionable" (or  sought after) in a particular society. In the experiment course it was found out that a potter who performs such task experience a disruption of traditional system of physical efforts application a potter had developed in the course of long production of traditional (customary) vessel forms range. The disruption's result is emergence of so called "hybrid" vessel forms that were widely spread in various historical epochs, from the Neolithic Age to the late Middle Age. These "hybrid" forms co-existed with traditional vessel forms. The discovered regularities widen considerably contemporary opportunities to study these phenomena on archeological pottery.


The phenomena and reasonsof disjunction between theory and practicein research of ecological architecture are ana-lyzed in detail, which is followed by thethinking about how to solve the keyproblems.


This article deals with boundary layer separation problems in diffusion channels with swirling cells and it is also shown investigation results.


Several measures of cardiovascular function were made in nine dogs before, during, and after the production of anemia by daily venesections. Stress is laid on the time sequence of the various changes in the circulation and their relation to each other. From the results obtained it was concluded that the elevated cardiac output observed in anemia was not the result of an increase in right atrial pressure or a decrease in tissue oxygen tension, per se. It is suggested that the increased cardiac output may be due to a slowly elaborated or slow-acting humoral agent produced as a result of tissue anoxia.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for supplying heat First, the hot water of the first temperature level High temperature heat pump (43) is activated, by which it is connected thermally technically geothermal source (41), is conducted to the evaporator of the hot water hot heat pump (43) (431), heat Thus, the condenser of the high-temperature heat pump (43) by (433), the heat of the second higher temperature level As a high-temperature heat pump (43), preferably a high temperature compression heat pump is used. Achieved the second temperature level


We present Follow me!, a client application for Presence@FER, an ecosystem for rich presence which consolidates virtual, physical and online presence and relies on a publish/subscribe service for efficient filtering of presence updates. Follow me! simplifies the usage of rich presence service on smartphones and enables both explicit and implicit changes of user status. It uses phone sensors, phone status and applications as sources of presence information which affect user status. Additionally, a notification mechanism is in place which informs a user only about specific changes of presence information which are of interest to the user. Such a rich presence client reduces the number of exchanged presence updates and thus reduces the energy consumption on smartphones as well as network traffic within the core network.


A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A TUBE PHOTOMULTIPLIER 10 WITH A BODY 20 TUBE, AND AN ELEMENT PHOTOCATHODE 30 MULTIPLIER 40 ELECTRON PLACE TO BE LOW DISTANCE FROM PHOTOCATHODE 30. INVENTION, ON THE MUNIT TUBE SLIDING 10 50 MEANS OF mULTIPLIER 40 eLECTRON PARALLEL TO THE AXIS OF THE BODY 22 20 TUBE, 50 MEANS HAVING STOPS 53 LOCATED NEAR THE WINDOW ON TEAM 31. ALSO 40 eLECTRON mULTIPLIER MEANS 60 WELDING OF DISTANCE mULTIPLIER ELECTRON ON SUCH MEANS 50 SLIDING, AND INITIALLY, THE mULTIPLIER 40 ELECTRON IS PLACED A SUFFICIENT DISTANCE FROM THE WINDOW 31, THEN IN A SECOND TIME, ON eVAPORATED CONSTITUENTS OF pHOTOCATHODE USING REMOTE eVAPORATORS 70 PLACES OF THE WINDOW, AND IN A THIRD TIME, THE mULTIPLIER 40 ELECTRON IS BROUGHT AGAINST THOSE STOPS 53 wHILE IN A FOURTH TIME, THE mULTIPLIER 40 D ' ELECTRON IS KEPT IN POSITION CLOSE TO THE PHOTOCATHODE 30 WELDING BY REMOTE ON WAYS 50 SLIDING MEANS USING REMOTE WELDING 60. APPLICATION TO TUBES PHOTOMULTIPLIERS FOCUS CLOSE.


The impact of Multimedia in a variety of industry sectors is yet to be fully assessed. So far, the technological perspective has been dominant. Few studies exist dealing with Multimedia outside the telecommunications infrastructure sector, and the enterprises manufacturing components and equipment with multimedia capabilities. This paper focuses on the Content industry sector and is an attempt to identify the 'core competencies' that firms producing multimedia products should develop in order to be competitive. After reviewing the various elements of the Multimedia concept, the 5–Forces model of Michael Porter is used to carry out the structural analysis of the Multimedia Content industry. The value chain for the Multimedia Content producers is examined and the 'Bonsai' model of 'core Competencies' is used for competitive advantage diagnosis. Finally, conclusions are drawn on the attractiveness of the sector and suggestions are made on the 'core competencies' deemed necessary, for the enterprises planning to become active in this area, to be successful competitors.


This paper proposes an electromagnetic transient model of the voltage source converter (VSC) based HVDC transmission converter station multi-legged transformer. Currently, three phase multi-legged converter transformers are often used in VSC-HVDC schemes. However, VSC-HVDC converter transformers are normally represented as magnetically and electrically independent single phase units when simulating the transformer electromagnetic transient. Therefore, the duality derived magnetizing inrush model, which considering electric circuit coupled with magnetic circuit, is developed from the structural parameters of the multi-legged converter transformer. In the analysis of the magnetization curve, the relationship between the magnetic field intensity and magnetic flux density differs from the ordinary B-H curve. It is defined on the basis of Jiles-Atherton ferromagnetic hysteresis theory in this paper. Moreover, the new model can evaluate the magnetizing inrush current of converter transformer in transient state, and it can provide the VSC-HVDC system with a more thorough transient analysis. Experiments and simulation results are carried out to verify the proposed model.


Small fault-bounded slabs of low-grade (prehnite-pumpellyite-bearing) slate, metagraywacke, and greenstone occur between the Coast Range ophiolite and South Fork Mountain Schist for at least 60 km south of the Klamath Mountains, northern California. The metagraywacke slabs differ from typical Franciscan Complex metagraywacke to the west by the absence of blueschist-facies minerals and the abundance of quartz and chert clasts, and they differ from sandstone and mudstone of the Great Valley sequence to the east by the presence of a penetrative cleavage and low-grade metamorphism. The metasedimentary rock in the slabs is petrographically identical to the Jurassic Galice Formation, which occurs along the western and southern margins of the Klamath Mountains. Upward drag along a west dipping reverse fault best explains the present structural position of the slabs and is consistent with available geological and geophysical data. These data imply that the Coast Range ophiolite structurally overlies Sierran-Klamath basement at least locally.


INTRODUCTION Earthquake resistant design of RC buildings is a continuing area of research since the earthquake engineering has gained prominence across the globe. Earthquakes occurring in recent past, have shown that poorly designed and constructed structures result in great destruction. Hence, there is a need to determine seismic response of tall buildings for designing earthquake resistant structures. The type of slab system, i.e., Flat This paper presents a review of the previous work done on the seismic performance of tall buildings with different reinforced concrete slab systems. It focuses on flat slab and grid slab system. These two systems comprise the most attractive and commonly used floor systems, especially in high rise construction. The Flat slab building in which slab is directly supported by columns, have been adopted in many building constructed recently, due to the advantage of reduced floor to floor height. Grid slab system consists of thin beams spaced at regular intervals in perpendicular directions, monolithic with slab. The seismic performance of buildings having grid slab and flat slab is comparable but the differences exist. Tall buildings with flat slab system are weaker in shear whereas those with grid/conventional floor system are robust but taller and functionally less friendly.


In attempting to understand the complexity of pulmonary arterial tree structure and function relationships, the authors have made morphometric measurements on the lungs of mice, rats, and dogs. The authors constructed a morphometrically based hemodynamic model for which the measured morphometric parameters can be used as inputs to examine the sensitivity of model hemodynamic function to morphometry. The results suggest that, insofar as the model embodies the important structure function relationships in the pulmonary arterial tree, neither shear stress equalization nor minimization of hydraulic plus metabolic work can explain the tree design. Minimization of perfusion heterogeneity may be another selective force contributing to the evolution of the structure.


To construct the heme oxygenase-2eukaryotic expression vector,and observe the expression of cerebrovascular endothelial cells in mice,the PCR technology was used to amplify the HO-2gene cDNA sequence from C57BL/6 mice hippocampal tissue,which was cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pEF1α-IRES-AcGFP by double enzyme digestion method.Recombinant vector pEF1α-HO-2-AcGFP was confirmed by EcoR I and BamH I double enzyme and sequencing.Then cerebrovascular endothelial cells were transfected with the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector by electroporation technology.The Real-time PCR and Western blot was used to detect HO-2the expression of mRNA and protein levels in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.The eukaryotic expression vector pEF1α-HO-2-AcGFP was corrected by double enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing.The results showed that mRNA of HO-2expression is significantly higher in cerebrovascular endothelial cells of recombinant vector group than of empty vector group(P0.01),and protein levels is significantly higher(P0.05).The eukaryotic expression vector pEF1α-HO-2-AcGFP was successfully constructed,which will provide a reference for the further study on the mechanisms and function of HO-2gene.


This study aims to realize better discipline strategies for applying in high schools. We invited 400 teachers to participate the survey and collected their perceptions on the discipline strategies in terms of the acceptance of strategies and their effectiveness in schools. Based on the idea of fuzzy statistics, this study transformed the fuzzy interval data by way of fuzzy means, fuzzy centroids, and fuzzy distances to select better discipline strategies. The result reveals, in positive discipline domain, the high acceptable and effective strategies are "praise student in oral frequently", following "integrated life events in classroom management", "grant awards, small merit, and work incentives", and "leading students to participate volunteering activities"; In general discipline domain, the high acceptable and effective strategies are "notify parents to associate to solve", then "adjusting students' seating"; In special discipline domain, there is no high acceptable and effective strategies available. The selected discipline strategies might be used to improve the current issues in high schools.


A heterogenous group of 35 psychiatric patients‐representing an interesting consumer group‐was compared with the non‐patients in the total material. In respect of background data the patients had a lower educational level, and fewer smokers and applied researchers. The hypothesis that the research values and priorities of the patient group would differ from those of the non‐patients was supported by the statistical analysis; three major categories differed statistically between patients and non‐patients. Fourteen percent of the items and subcategories differed statistically between patients and non‐patients showing significantly higher values in the patient group. POLICY had the greatest number of such differences followed by SMOKING and MITOCHONDRIA. Most significant differences were found for MENTAL and PHYSICAL HEALTH followed by WORK, EDUCATION, NON‐MATERIAL, SERVICES, SECURITY and OTHER KNOWLEDGE.