Computing education lags other discipline-based education research in the number and range of validated assessments available to the research community. Validated assessments are important for researchers to reduce experimental error due to flawed assessments and to allow for comparisons between different experiments. Although the need is great, building assessments from scratch is difficult. Once an assessment is built, it's important to be able to replicate it, in order to address problems within it, or to extend it. We developed the Second CS1 Assessment (SCS1) as an isomorphic version of a previously validated language-independent assessment for introductory computer science, the FCS1. Replicating the FCS1 is important to enable free use by a broader research community. This paper is documentation of our process for replicating an existing validated assessment and validating the success of our replication. We present initial use of SCS1 by other research groups, to serve as examples of where it might be used in the future. SCS1 is useful for researchers, but care must be taken to avoid undermining the validity argument.


Simulation methods for a rapid cycling and a slow cycling synchrotron have to be different because of physics involved and practical computation time. We will show simulation results in each case. One is a full tracking of a rapid cycling synchrotron with acceleration and errors. That employs a self‐consistent space charge model. The other is a tracking of an injection period that lasts about a second in a slow cycling synchrotron. The so‐called frozen space charge model is a practical way to simulate such a long‐term behavior with space charge effects. We estimate the particle loss rate and discuss the behavior of lost particles.


Traditional approaches to improving users' quality of experience (QoE) focus on minimizing the latency on the server side. Through an analysis of 15 million users, however, we find that for short-form video apps, user experience depends on both response latency and recommendation accuracy. This observation brings a dilemma to service providers since improving recommendation accuracy requires adopting complex strategies that demand heavy computation, which substantially increases response latency. Our motivation is that users' sensitivity to response latency and recommendation accuracy varies greatly. In other words, some users would accept a 20ms increase in latency to enjoy higher-quality videos, while others prioritize minimizing lag above all else. Inspired by this, we present Hydrus, a novel resource allocation system that delivers the best possible personalized QoE by making tradeoffs between response latency and recommendation accuracy. Specifically, we formulate the resource allocation problem as a utility maximization problem, and Hydrus is guaranteed to solve the problem within a few milliseconds. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Hydrus through offline simulation and online experiments in Kuaishou, a massively popular video app with hundreds of millions of users worldwide. The results show that Hydrus can increase QoE by 35.6% with the same latency or reduce the latency by 10.1% with the same QoE. Furthermore, Hydrus can achieve 54.5% higher throughput without a decrease in QoE. In online A/B testing, Hydrus significantly improves click-through rate (CTR) and watch time; it can also reduce system resource costs without sacrificing QoE.


We study the Casimir energy of a massless scalar field that obeys Dirichlet boundary conditions on a hyperboloid facing a plate. We use the optical approximation including the first six reflections and compare the results with the predictions of the proximity force approximation and the semiclassical method. We also consider finite size effects by contrasting the infinite with a finite plate. We find sizable and qualitative differences between the optical method and the more traditional approaches.


Synchronous primary cancers of the endometrium and ovary (SEOC) occur in approximately 10% of all women with ovarian cancer and 5% of all women with endometrial cancer. Diagnosis of these tumors as independent primaries or metastases is necessary for appropriate staging and treatment. We aimed to demonstrate the clinic-pathological characteristics and prognosis of patients diagnosed as SEOC. Clinico-pathological data of cases with SEOC were retrieved from the computerized database of Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health and Research Hospital. Twenty-six patients with SEOC who underwent comprehensive surgical staging between 1998 and 2014 were included in study. Mean age at diagnosis of women with primary SEOC in our study was 50.9. Median follow up was 86.5 months and the 10 year overall survival (OS) rates were 86.0% for patients with SEOC. Among the variables only omental involvement independently affected OS (p= 0.008). Most of the tumors were well-differentiated, early stage and of endometrioid cell type. In this study we showed that women with SEOC was often young and mostly have an excellent prognosis.


A WIDE variety of attractive, colourful, and informative literature published by the Scottish Tourist Board and the Wales Tourist Board is available to prospective tourists and holiday‐makers. This year bigger and better than ever, Enjoy Scotland contains an outline travel map showing rail, ferry, and air facilities; features on places to stay and things to eat; double pages on suggested touring centres, public transport, the places to see and things to do; on events; and sources of information, in each of the nine tourist regions. Also featured are spring, autumn and winter holidays, festivals, details of companies offering coach tours from England and Wales, and special interest holidays.


In the modern technologies the various plasma treatment methods are widely used. The essential advantage of these methods are possibility to work with the dielectric and semi-conductor targets. One of possible utilization area of these technologies can be the creation of anisotropy of surface properties of materials. The using of anode layer accelerator allow easy to scale this technology on very large size substrates. We describe here some of the results of experimental investigation of changes of surface characteristics of different materials after a low dose treatment by accelerated plasma. It is shown that little variations of irradiation dose can lead to essential change of surface anisotropy. In part, this can be visualized by the different type of liquid crystals alignment on substrates with different irradiation dose. The treatment in several steps allow to obtain a different alignment of liquid crystal in the one cell


The seminar "Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning" took place from Septem-ber 11-16, 2005. It was organised by F. Bry (Univ. MAƒÂ¼nchen, DE), F. Fages (INRIA Roc-quencourt, FR), M. Marchiori (MIT A¢â'¬â€œ Cambridge, US) and H. J. Ohlbach (Univ. MAƒÂ¼nchen, DE). The seminar was a forum for discussing various forms of reasoning that are or can be used on the Semantic Web. Moreover, it addressed both reasoning methods for the Semantic Web and Semantic Web applications relying upon various forms of reasoning.


ABSTRACT The Direct Feed Low-Activity Waste flowsheet provides for the early production of immobilized low-activity waste (LAW) by feeding waste directly from Hanford tank farms to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) for vitrification. Prior to the transfer of feed to the WTP LAW Vitrification Facility, tank waste supernatant will be pretreated by the Tank Side Cesium Removal (TSCR) system to meet the WTP LAW waste acceptance criteria (<3.18E-5 Ci 137Cs/mole of Na). This pretreatment will remove cesium from the waste stream using ion exchange (IX). The selected media for IX is crystalline silicotitanate (CST), product number IONSIV-R9140-B, manufactured by Honeywell UOP LLC (Des Plaines, IL). Testing was conducted to improve the understanding of the parameters that impact dynamic ion-exchange performance and to better define IX processing using Low-Activity Waste Pretreatment System (LAWPS) prototypic IX unit operations. Column testing at full height scale was conducted to gain insight into ion-exchange column dynamics and evaluate the application of an analytical model on system performance. Nominal process conditions used 5.6 M Na simulant processed in a lead/lag column format containing 1.15 L 18 × 15 mesh CST in 2.54-cm-diameter columns, 226 cm tall CST beds. Two process flowrates were tested: 1.30 and 1.82 bed volumes (BV) per hour. This work demonstrated that an analytical method can provide a reasonable estimate of the expected performance within the bounds of the assumptions employed for the analytical solution.


The ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children is conducting a special project focusing on research information. This project has catalogued and abstracted information on over 200 current projects funded by the U.S. Department of Education's Special Education Programs, Division of Educational Services. The research projects cover 20 diverse topic areas. A directory of the projects funded during FY 1984-85 and 1985-86 may be purchased for $5.00. This directory lists project title, principal investigator, organization address, and phone number. A number of topical directories that include complete abstracts of the projects are also available. Order forms for topical directories can be obtained from The Council for Exceptional Children, Room 206, 1920 Association Drive, Reston, VA 22091, or call Joanne Pheeny at 703/620-3660. The following projects were selected from the "Subject Matter" directory: Modifying Textbooks for Mainstreamed Learning Disabled Youngsters in Secondary Schools, Thomas Lovitt, University of Washington, College of Education, Experimental Education Unit, Seattle, WA 98195, 206/543-4011. Efficacy of a Systematic Prompt Reduction Strategy in Teaching Independent Composition with Learning Disabled Students, Nancy Harriman, Patrick J. Schloss, Pennsylvania State University, Special Education and Communication Disorders, Moore Building, University Park, PA 16802, 814/863-2316. Neuropsychological Assessment and Training of Cognitive Processing Strategies for Reading Recognition and Comprehension: A Computer Assisted Program for Learning Disabled Students, Phyllis A. Teeter, Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin, System University of Wisconsin, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, 414/963-4701. The Development of a Model of Reading Comprehension Instruction, Ann L. Brown, University of Illinois, Board of Trustees, Center for the Study of Reading, 51 Gerty Drive, Champaign, IL 61820. The Effect of Mode of Discourse on Syntactic Maturity, Vocabulary Fluency, and Agrammatical Errors in the Written Expression of Learning Disabled and Normally Achieving Students at Four Age Levels, Raymond Elliott, University of Alabama, Special Education/College of Education, P.O. Box 2592, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486, 205/348-7340. Development of a Braille Language Program, Hilda R. Caton, American Printing House for the Blind, Inc., Department of Educational Research, P.O. Box 6085, Louisville, KY 40206, 502/895-2405.


T cells implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases such as RA respond weakly when stimulated in vitro with mitogen or antigen. The mechanism behind this hyporesponsiveness is unclear, but a depressed expression of the T cell receptor (TCR)‐associated CD3ζ chain has been suggested. In the present work we describe a low expression of CD3ζ in synovial fluid (SF) T cells from RA patients compared with peripheral blood (PB) T cells, but no difference in CD3ζ expression between RA and healthy control PB T cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that granulocytes but not SF macrophages are able to down‐regulate the expression of CD3ζ. Through stimulation with anti‐CD3 antibodies we demonstrated that the TCR‐dependent proliferative response was decreased in SF T cells compared with PB T cells. Stimulation with phorbol ester and ionomycin also resulted in a low proliferative response of SF T cells, indicating that both signal transduction through the TCR (stimulation with anti‐CD3) and events further downstream in the signalling pathways (stimulation with phorbol ester and ionomycin) are affected. A similar depression of T cell activity was observed when induction of IL‐2 and IL‐4 was measured. However, SF T cells were not defective in the induction of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) when stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin, in contrast to the diminished IFN‐γ response observed after stimulation with anti‐CD3. This indicates that the hyporesponsiveness of SF T cells can not be generalized to all T cell functions. The differential response to external stimuli is likely to be of importance for the capacity of SF T cells to influence inflammatory reactions.


Breast cancer is a disease in which there is increased proliferation of malignant breast cells. This disease is more likely to begin in the ducts or lobules rather than the connective tissue. Globally, breast cancer is the most regularly diagnosed cancer. It is also a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in females. While cancer of the breast affects the physical aspect of patients, it can also negatively impact the quality of life (QoL) of survivors. There is a dearth of information, especially in the last decade, on the negative impact of breast cancer and treatment modalities on the QoL of patients. This review of the literature will examine the QoL and wellbeing of breast cancer patients to present a current perspective on the topic. Major findings of past and present articles that have contributed to improving the care of breast cancer patients will be summarized and included. Quality of Life and Well-Being of Breast Cancer Patients


Abstract This study explores the use of powder plasma transferred arc welding (PPTAW) as a surface layer deposition technology to form hardfaced coatings to improve upon the wear resistance of mild steel. Hardfaced layers were prepared using the PPTAW process with two different wear-resistant powders: PG 6503 (NiSiB + 60% WC) and PE 8214 (NiCrSiB + 45% WC). By varying the PPTAW process parameters of plasma gas flow rate (PGFR) and plasma arc current, hardfaced layers were prepared. Microscopic examinations, penetration tests, hardness tests, and abrasive wear resistance tests were carried out on the prepared samples. Hardfacings prepared with PG 6503 had a hardness of 46.3–48.3 HRC, while those prepared with PE 8214 had a hardness of 52.7–58.3 HRC. The microhardness of the matrix material was in the range of 573.3–893.0 HV, while that of the carbides was in the range of 2128.7–2436.3 HV. The abrasive wear resistance of the mild steel was improved after deposition of hardfaced layers by up to 5.7 times that of abrasion-resistant heat-treated steel, Hardox 400, having a nominal hardness of approximately 400 HV. The hardness and wear resistance were increased upon addition of Cr as an alloying element. Increasing the PGFR increased the hardness and wear resistance of the hardfacings, as well as increasing the number of surface cracks. Increasing the plasma transferred arc (PTA) current resulted in hardfacings with fewer cracks but lowered the wear resistance.


Laboratory-scale temperature-controlled reactors were used to generate experimental data of thermophilic composting of vegetable waste. By fitting in experimental data of thermophilic composting, the obtained empirical model (also verified by F-test) appeared to be a quadratic form. The empirical model can be used to predict operating conditions (ratio of predried vegetable waste to rice husks, aeration rate, and reaction temperature and time) for thermophilic composting of vegetable waste in the subtropical region. Moreover, an innovative method for investigating kinetic behavior of thermophilic composting (an exoenzyme-catalyzed reaction followed by a multienzyme-catalyzed reaction) is proposed. The two biochemical reactions of thermophilic composting of vegetable waste followed Monod-type kinetics with the specific substrate utilization rate constants k1 and k2 of 0.026 and 4.5 mg COD/mg VSS/day, respectively. Accordingly, the exoenzyme-catalyzed reaction kinetically controls the overall process of the...


The preparation of nitridation was studied synthesizing β′-Sialon powder by carbon thermal reduction method of kaolin clay. The analysis by XRD and SEM shows that when adding 1wt% ferric oxide, the constants of carbon is 38.7wt%, the synthetic temperature of nitridation is at 1350℃, and the heat is kept for 6 hours, β′-Sialon powder can be synthesized. Its lattic constants are as follows: a=7.6410, b=7.6410, c=2.9716, and z=3.1. At the same time, the reaction mechanism of β′-Sialon has been explored.


Background and Purpose Although the deleterious role of several proinflammatory mediators, including P-selectin, in reperfused stroke is well established, the role of E-selectin has not been fully characterized. Methods E-selectin mRNA expression was studied at 4, 10, and 24 hours after reperfusion with reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction in mice (n=18) subjected to transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Mice received intravenous injection with anti–E-selectin monoclonal antibody (10, 35, or 50 &mgr;g), nonimmune IgG, or vehicle immediately before MCAO and 90 minutes later (n=85). Others received anti–E-selectin antibody 3 or 6 hours after MCAO (n=32). Myeloperoxidase activity was measured in sham-operated mice and after 10 hours of reperfusion in saline-, nonimmune IgG–, or anti–E-selectin IgG–treated cohorts (n=17). Serial cerebral blood flow was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry, and outcomes were assessed by neurological deficits and infarct volumes with the use of planimetric analysis of triphenyltetrazolium chloride–stained sections. Results Upregulated E-selectin expression occurred in the ischemic cerebral vasculature within 4 hours of reperfusion and persisted for 24 hours. Anti–E-selectin antibody increased ischemic cortical cerebral blood flow up to 2.6-fold (P <0.05). In addition to dose-dependent reductions in neurological deficits (P <0.05), mortality, and infarct volumes (P <0.01 for 35 and 50 &mgr;g), anti–E-selectin treatment reduced cerebral neutrophil accumulation (P <0.05) and was neuroprotective even if delayed until 3 hours after ischemia (P <0.05). Conclusions These findings establish a functional role for E-selectin in the pathogenesis of tissue injury after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and suggest that E-selectin blockade may be clinically useful in the treatment of reperfused stroke.


This paper discusses the relationship between financial regulators and financial innovation institutions in three game models. In the equilibrium analysis of these models, we study the influence factors of financial innovation and regulation and the interaction between these factors. According to the equilibrium result, the paper draws the conclusion that regulators can design the embedded regulatory system——intensity of supervision and penalties—— to influence the strategy choices of the game participants. Finally, the paper gives some suggestions on how to strength the regulation for real estate financial innovation.


Structures design in order to make them resistant against earthquake is one of the important structural subjects. According to this point that enhancing seismic science structural behavior and access to different technology the attention of designers has been more than before. Different seismic regulations try to control the damages to structures and become more assure about the structural seismic function. For this reason 20, 25 story moment frames with 3, 7 bays were analyzed time history non-linear dynamic and by changing the kind of brace in height suitable height for changing the kind of brace was suggested. In bracing changes, X braces and chevron braces has been investigated so that quake recommendation was used about down level stories stiffness against up level stories stiffness. At last this result was achieved that changing the kind of brace system in certain height can be effective on improving seismic behavior of structure. This specified level is related to number of stories or number of spasm or kind of earthquakes records, for instances in a 2 stories structure by alternating the third V bracing maximum story drift angle demand exhibits 75 percent of reduction and in a 25 stories structure by alternating the third V bracing, we see the lowest amount in the maximum local rotation demand.


We present an improved binomial method for pricing European- and American-type Asian options based on the arithmetic average of the prices of the underlying asset. At each node of the tree we propose a simple algorithm to choose the representative averages among all the effective averages. Then the backward valuation process and the interpolation are performed to compute the price of the option. The simulation results for European and American Asian options show that the proposed method gives much more accurate price than other recent lattice methods with less computational effort.


ABSTRACT Background: This meta-analysis aims to summarize the studies of lncRNAs dysregulation in individual acute kidney injury (AKI) and identify the potential lncRNA biomarkers of AKI. Research design and methods: We systematically searched four databases to identify the lncRNA expression studies of AKI in animal models and patients. The lncRNAs expression data were extracted from 38 included studies, and lncRNA vote-counting strategy was applied to identify significant lncRNA biomarkers. The predicted targets of lncRNA biomarkers were obtained by searching Co-LncRNA, RBPmap, and LncBase v.2. Further, GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed. Results: We recognized a significant lncRNA signature of 21 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated lncRNAs, among which TapSAKI, XIST, MALAT1, CASC2, and HOXA-AS2 were dysregulated both in AKI rodent models and patients. About 28.0% of these lncRNAs mainly exist in the nucleus, which was also the most enriched GO cellular components term. The most relevant GO terms in biological process and molecular function associated with these lncRNAs were splicing, processing, and binding of mRNA. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis identified 31 significant dysregulated lncRNAs from 38 studies. TapSAKI, XIST, MALAT1, CASC2, and HOXA-AS2 were considered as the potential predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets of AKI.


Integer plan is a relatively new branch of planning theory, a first-class linear plan researching decisive variables relying on integer.It has two main solutions: plane-cutting and branch delimitation.This article first introduces these two solutions and then comparatively analyzes the concrete issues with examples.


The involvement of nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) was investigated in acute and chronic stress, influence immune system, with concomitant changes in immune response. Adult rats pretreated with 0.5 ml sheep red blood cells (SRBC) (10 9 /ml, Sigma), produce an immune response, and were subjected with chlorisondamine (CHL) (3 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) under acute and chronic stress influence. In the present study, acute stress is a form of short-term stress induced by a single footshock session, and chronic stress is a form of long-term stress induced by multiple and repetitive footshock sessions. 4 days later, we assessed the total number of leukocyte and the antibody titer against SRBC. In summary, we provide the role of ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine in mediating stress-induced immune response in rats.


Medical records contain vital, critical, and confidential information of any person. Paper‐based medical records are being used by many hospitals that suffer from various issues like large physical storage requirements, limited security, and life. Electronic health records (EHRs) can transform this entire system but faces various security threats like unintentional disclosure, tampering, data leaks, lack of security mechanisms, and data access policies. Thus, there arises a need for a decentralized, tamper‐proof, and transparent healthcare network. In this article, a permissioned blockchain‐based framework using Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) is proposed, which provides secure storage, sharing, and querying of EHRs. For better data accessibility and security, algorithms have been designed to define the functionality of patients, doctors, and third‐party administrator using smart‐contracts. In the existing approaches, LevelDB (key store database) is used as a state database that is not suitable for handling complex queries. To overcome this issue, we have used CouchDB (document store database) as a state database where the search is based on keys and data values both rather than only keys. To measure the various performance indicators for this framework, a blockchain benchmark tool "Hyperledger Caliper" is used. The experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework.


The potential usefulness and importance of nanomaterials are now well recognized. However, currently available synthetic nanomaterials are generally used in their bulk form and control of nanosystems at the nanoscale on demand has not been realized. To solve this problem, the use of macroscopic mechanical stimuli to drive nano/molecular systems is considered to be a key technique. If direct manipulation of nano/molecular systems could be achieved by applying macroscopic mechanical stimuli, we might exert control over nanotechnological systems according to our needs. In this perspective, recent methodologies for controlling nano/molecular systems through application of macroscopic mechanical forces are introduced. Application of mechanical processes is known to affect some molecular association and chemical reactions, causing variation of optical properties, sometimes resulting in self-healing functions or capture and release of molecules under macroscopic mechanical motions. We might be able to realize the great potential of nanoscale and molecular systems by accessing nanoscience and nanotechnology from the macroscopic world.


Objective To observe the influence of oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) on the activities of human brain microvascular endothelial cells(HBMEC) and expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) in vitro,and to investigate the modern molecular biology mechanism of brain collateral damage by internal toxin.Methods HBMEC were cultured as the target cells and ox-LDL in different concentrations(0、5,10,25,50,75,100 and 150 mg/L) were added into the endothelial cell medium for 24,48 and 72 hours respectively.The cell activities were detected by using MTT assay,and different ox-LDL concentration groups(0,50,75 and 100 mg/L) were chosen at different time points(24 and 72 h) on base of MTT assay results.The changes of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were observed by using immunocytochemistry method and quantitative image analysis system.Results The influence of ox-LDL on the activities of HBMEC had time and concentration dependency with significant statistical difference.The results of immunocytochemistry method and quantitative image analysis system showed that the optical density values(OD) in different ox-LDL groups(50,75 and 100 mg/L) were all different significantly(P0.01) compared with those in the normal control group at two time points(24 and 72 hours).There was no statistical difference in the same concentration group at two time points(24 and 72 hours).Conclusion ox-LDL in different concentrations can change the activities of HBMEC in vitro and promote the expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with a concentration dependency,which forms a part of biological basis of brain collateral damage by internal toxin.


The solid–liquid equilibrium for quizalofop-p-ethyl in 12 solvents (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, 1,4-dioxane, toluene, and 1-hexane) was measured by using a static equilibrium method at temperatures T = 273.15–313.15 K under a pressure of 101.2 kPa. The results show that the solubility in those 12 monosolvents increases with increasing temperature. At a given temperature range, they gradually decrease in the following order: 1,4-dioxane > acetonitrile > DMF > toluene > acetone > ethyl acetate > 1-butanol > 1-propanol > 1-hexane > 2-propanol > ethanol > methanol. Moreover, a modified Apelblat model, λh model, Wilson model, and NRTL model were used to correlate the experiment values. Compared with the results of the above models, the calculated values provided good results with the experimental data. Consequently, the values of root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and relative average deviation (RAD) were no more than 4...


: This article aims to analyze the importance of labor compliance as a strategy to avoid judicial conflicts. Compliance means establishing practices to comply with legal norms, acting with ethics and integrity and


The COVID-19 pandemic imposed massive changes to daily lives worldwide. While lockdowns arrived abruptly, the continuation of social-distancing measures like working from home could have longer-term influences. We longitudinally tracked lifestyle behaviors (sleep/physical activity/phone use) and mental wellbeing through lockdown and reopening in Singapore. Earlier sleep and increased physical activity benefited from offices reopening for in-person work. However, this was offset by higher stress and poorer mood. Changes were proportional to the degree of hybrid work adoption. Counter to expectation, smartphone usage did not decrease after reopening, and usage around bedtime increased marginally. Cluster analysis showed that while heavier bedtime smartphone use was associated with later sleep initiation and lower physical activity, intermediate bedtime usage was associated with more favorable wellbeing indicators. As hybrid work arrangements and expanded e-device use will likely persist during the pandemic and its aftermath, our findings could inform strategies on adapting to new societal norms.


We present an experimental investigation of the agglomerat ion of microbubbles into a 2D microfoam and its flow in a rectangular microchannel. Using a flow-focusing method , we produce the foam in situ on a microfluidic chip. It is possible to vary the liquid fraction over a large range. Observation by microscope allows visualizing the transition from separated bubbles to a microfoam in which bu bbles are closely packed and separated by thin films. The foam flow rate depends non-linearly on the applied gas pre sur displaying a threshold due to capillarity. Strong discontinuities in the flow rate appear when the numbe r of bubbles in the channel width changes, reflecting the discrete nature of the foam topology.


The parity-violating asymmetries of helicity cross sections of low energy (\(E_{n}{\leqslant}10\) eV) neutrons on nuclei with spin 0 and 1/2 are described. Possible Cp-violation tests of these scatterings are discussed. Finally, a few remarks are given on CP-violation.


A hexagonal lattice of quantum waveguides is considered with thickening or thinning of ligaments, which form open waveguides in the periodic nano-structure. Propagation of localized waves along the open connected and disconnected waveguides is studied and nodes in the lattice are indicated that support trapped modes with the exponential decay in all directions. 1. Problem setting The graph G in the plane R (see Fig. 1a) for a hexagonal one dimensional structure consisting of vertices and unit straight segments, edges, is expressed as a union of the shifts g(τ), τ = (τ1, τ2), τj ∈ Z = {0, ±1, ±2, ... }, of the fundamental cell g 0 entered into the parallelogram P (shaded in Fig. 1a) defined by the vectors e± = (3 2 ⁄ , ± √3 2 ⁄ ). Angles between each three edges emerging from a vertex are 2π 3 ⁄ . We consider two types of the "fat" structures in Fig. 1b, and 2a and b, G = {x = (x1, x2): dist(x, G 0) < h 2 ⁄ }, GH h = (G ∖ L1 ) ∪ LH h , (1) where LH h is an open waveguide, either connected or disconnected. To obtain LH h , one chooses a subgraph L in G which can be a path as in Fig. 2a, or disruptive as in Fig. 2b. Then, LH h is a tubular hH-neighborhood of L. In the case H < 1, we observe thinning of ligaments in L1 h ⊂ G and thickening while H > 1. Fig. 1. The hexagonal graph G and the fattened lattice G. Materials Physics and Mechanics 29 (2016) 116-124 Received: October 26, 2016 © 2016, Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering © 2016, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University In many publications, cf. [1-3] and the review papers [4, 5], the classical Pauling model [6] is employed to simulate the quantum waveguides on the thin lattice G (the Dirichlet condition on the boundary). However, as was proved in [7], on the base of general results [8], mathematically well-grounded one-dimensional model on the graph G involves the Dirichlet condition at all vertices instead of the Kirchhoff transmission conditions in the Pauling model which is justified for a lattice of acoustic waveguides (the Neumann condition), see [9, 10]. It should be mentioned that a one-dimensional model of the lattice GR h with the disks of radius hR centered at each vertex of the graph G can obtain various types of transmission conditions under the limit passage h → +0, see [10] for the Neumann case and [11] for the Dirichlet case. We consider the spectral Dirichlet problem for the Laplace operator Δ −ΔuH h (x) = λH h uH h (x), x ∈ GH , (2) uH h (x) = 0, x ∈ ∂GH , (3) which is associated [12, §10] with a positive self-adjoint operator AH h in Lebesgue space L(GH ). In [7], we have examined the spectrum σ1 h of the operator A1 h of the problem (2), (3) in the homogeneous lattice G = G1 , that is for H = 1. A result [7] related to the low-frequency range of σ1 h demonstrates that the interval (0, hπ) includes two spectral bands β1 h and β2 h which are situated near the point hμ1 1 and have lengths O(e1 1 h ⁄ ); see Section 2 for the positive numbers μ1 1 and δ1 1 > 0. Actually, β1 h and β2 h give rise only one passing zone because these bands coincide with each other due to the geometrical symmetry of the cell. The very small length of the passing zone β1 h = β2 h for waves in the lattice assures the existence of two wide spectral gaps, stopping zones, below and above these bands. The main goal of our paper is to demonstrate that the deformations of the lattice G which are depicted in Fig. 2, as bold lines and are called open waveguides, see [13] and compare [14, 15], bring additional short passing zones to the low-frequency range. In other words, rows of defects in a periodic medium, indeed, may provoke waves propagating along them and decaying at a distance from them. Although such phenomenon has been discussed in the physical literature, cf. [16], our result is the first one derived rigorously. Moreover, in certain situation we are able to indicate trapped modes, i.e., eigenfunctions of the problem (2), (3) in GH h which decay in all directions and are localized in the vicinity of a single node (marked with ⊚ in Fig. 2a). The very reason for the above-mentioned modification of the spectrum is the fact that the operator AH h with H ≠ 1 is not a compact perturbation of the operator A1 , cf. [12, §9]. This natural observation was translated in [13] into a general mathematical tool detecting the changes of the essential spectrum of periodic media due to introduction of rows of foreign inclusions. Fig. 2. The connected (a) and disconnected (b) open waveguides. 117 Localized waves in carbon nano-structures with connected and disconnected open waveguides


We investigated the competitive ability in terms of maintenance resource density, C 0 , in relation to body size, of a deposit feeder Monoporeia affinis (Lindstrom) (Amphipoda). Growth curves were obtained from nine-day single size-class experiments with several food densities, consisting of fresh phytoplankton. The functional response and the size-dependence of attack rate (clearance rate) and handling time were estimated using a dynamic growth model including ingestion and energetic costs. The energetic costs were obtained from treatments without food. C 0 was solved from the growth model by setting growth to zero. The best description of growth was found using a Holling type II functional response. The attack rate was independent of M. affinis body size, while handling time decreased, and C 0 increased with body size. To investigate the occurrence of intercohort interference and its influence on C 0 , we used the parameter estimates to predict the growth in mixed size-classes experiments. These experiments were similar to the single size-class experiments except for the addition of two size-classes of M. affinis. The observed growth was lower than predicted for all size-classes. Incorporation of an interference term to the functional response in the growth model improved its fit to the observed data. This indicated that both interference and exploitation competition occurred. The interference increased C 0 for the smallest sizes, and reduced its size-dependence. C 0 increased most for the largest individuals, but most likely for reasons other than interference. According to predictions by Persson et al. (1998) concerning population dynamic properties, our results indicate that the unstable dynamics commonly found for this species are due to higher competitive ability of juveniles rather than of maturing sub-adults.


The overall motivation of this project was to continue the investigation of reactive shaped charges. Although significant chemical energy is available in
the form of combustion, the coupling of this energy to the target depends critically on the rate and position of energy deposition. Since this information is vital to forecasting damage to the target during the transient event, fundamental combustion knowledge is necessary to understand and predict potential damage behavior.

A series of 4 shaped charge tests were conducted. The primary objective of these tests was to investigate the combustion characteristics of large scale reactive liners, with emphasis on the 1-2 ms time range. All tests used 50.75 mm aluminum liners fired into a large tank of water with a series of 11 steel plates installed. Deformation of plates was characterized through use of 5
blue LEDs installed in three target plates (8,9,10). Various means to obtain high speed images in the later time frame included a custom pipe extrusion (Test 2) and a custom timed flash (Test 4). Experimental peak pressure
results were on the order of 7000 psi, however, no overpressure was recorded in the 1-2 ms time range. Plate deformation results agree with previous experiments, where there were large plate deformations in unpenetrated plates. The maximum deformation in all tests was 0.462". High speed imaging during tests indicated that full plate deformation might be achieved no earlier
than 1150 μs. This is approximately 500-600 μs before late time combustion as indicated by light emission.

A series of 66 light gas gun tests were fired. The primary objective of these tests was to produce an equation for oxidation, an indicator of combustion, as a function of particle size and impact velocity as a supplement to shaped charge experiments. A test matrix consisting of varying particle sizes (5-75μm) and velocities (2500-4000 m/s) was developed. A surface was fit to the data, and an oxidation equation was determined. Based on the data, oxidation is roughly proportional to particle size to the second power, with maximum oxidation occurring in the 25-45 μm range. Data indicate that
oxidation is roughly proportional to impact velocity to the first power. Further, preliminary results from tests that varied the depth of water penetrated show that the mechanism for particle combustion takes approximately 4" of water to complete.


This issue of Curriculum Inquiry ( CI ) features five articles that are concep-tually diverse, intellectually challenging, and pedagogically innovative. They engage teacher education, curriculum history, pedagogy, and social justice education from various perspectives such as psychoanalysis, phenomenology, critical affect and race theories, and political philosophy. Within these broad areas and diverse perspectives, the articles present stimulating discussions of concepts such as difficult knowledge, trauma, suffering, complexity, shared vulnerability and complicity, the "annoying" returns of past experiences and memories, the recovery of marginalized perspectives and voices, affective solidarity, and the prom-ises of social justice 1 in the Canadian legal and political context. Notably, an overarching goal that binds all these concepts is to sustain a hope for social justice, proposed through subjective, systemic, and psychic prisms. The hope for social justice remains vital as the present time is marked with political turmoil, economic crises, social upheavals, and atrocities of wars. Our individual and collective pasts can serve as storehouses where we may look not only for lost hopes, but also for lessons and insights to renew and sustain our hope for social justice. To that end, we structure this editorial around two overarching themes: (1) the future of the pasts and (2) reconceptualization of education for social justice. We begin with the theme of pasts and discuss how it is addressed in the first three articles of this issue. Then, we briefly present the theme of social justice and introduce the remaining two articles.


C‐C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is an important mediator of myeloid cell chemotaxis during inflammation and infection. Myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils contribute to host defense during orthopedic implant‐associated infections (OIAI), but whether CCR2‐mediated chemotaxis is involved remains unclear. Therefore, a Staphylococcus aureus OIAI model was performed by surgically placing an orthopedic‐grade titanium implant and inoculating a bioluminescent S. aureus strain in knee joints of wildtype (wt) and CCR2‐deficient mice. In vivo bioluminescent signals significantly increased in CCR2‐deficient mice compared with wt mice at later time points (Days 14–28), which was confirmed with ex vivo colony‐forming unit enumeration. S. aureus γ‐hemolysin utilizes CCR2 to induce host cell lysis. However, there were no differences in bacterial burden when the OIAI model was performed with a parental versus a mutant γ‐hemolysin‐deficient S. aureus strain, indicating that the protection was mediated by the host cell function of CCR2 rather than γ‐hemolysin virulence. Although CCR2‐deficient and wt mice had similar cellular infiltrates in the infected joint tissue, CCR2‐deficient mice had reduced myeloid cells and γδ T cells in the draining lymph nodes. Taken together, CCR2 contributed to host defense at later time points during an OIAI by increasing immune cell infiltrates in the draining lymph nodes, which likely contained the infection and prevented invasive spread.


For Part I see ibid., vol. 28, no. 1 (2009). With optical input and output devices integrated on chip, chips could be tested in a contactless manner using an easy optical test setup. The contactless optical testing approach can address many challenges associated with increases in the number of physical test probes required to test increasingly complex integrated circuits (ICs).


Years ago, the director of a program for adults with developmental disabilities asked me to teach a workshop for staff after a male aide molested a wheelchair-bound client in a bathroom. A head nurse at a hospital for frail elders asked for a workshop after a stroke patient was diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease. "Why me?" I asked the people extending these generous invitations. Good question--my field is child welfare. "Everybody else refused," they answered. Bad answer. From my perspective as a child welfare social worker, I see unnecessary gaps in screening and hiring practices for in-home helpers who work with dependent adults and frail elders. I have heard the justifications for the status quo from consumers, client advocates, and agency directors and find them unpersuasive and unnecessarily dangerous. PREREQUISITES FOR WORK WITH MINORS People wishing to work with children in health and mental health programs, schools, child care, foster care, group homes, and residential programs must submit fingerprints to their prospective employer who, in turn, sends them to the state's Department of Justice for clearance. The clearance includes juvenile court and child protective services cases as well as criminal convictions (Goldman & Salus, 2003; Howell, 1993; Lockyer, 2000). The former may be more relevant than a Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or criminal background check because the triggers (for example, crying, enuresis, defiance, and temper tantrums) that lead a parent to abuse a child are apt to abound in work with children. Once hired, employees must be informed of their responsibilities under the child abuse reporting laws and agree to report reasonable suspicions of abuse or neglect promptly to the appropriate protective agency. They must sign a statement saying they know they are mandated by law to report suspected child abuse and neglect, understand what constitutes abuse and neglect, and know how and when to report their reasonable suspicions. The employer must keep the fingerprint clearance and this signed statement in the employee's personnel file. Most states require more extensive training for those applying for social work, marriage and family therapy, and clinical psychology licenses (Goldman & Salus, 2003; Howell, 1993). Whenever there is a question about omissive or comissive behavior by an employee or an agency, an investigator's first move is to check the personnel files for fingerprint clearances and reporting law agreements. That is not to say that people seeking to victimize children do not scale these hurdles--far too many do--but, as hurdles go, they are good deterrents. Prospective employees must be fingerprinted and pay the nominal fee the police, sheriff, and DMV charge, usually about $15. Each state's Department of Justice charges the employer approximately $75 to $85 per candidate to run the scans. Agencies, even child care agencies operating on shoestring budgets, are expected to include this expense in their budgets as a reasonable and necessary cost of doing business. Child welfare is committed to preserving family ties for at-risk children (National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges, Child Welfare League of America, Youth Law Center, & National Center for Youth Law, n.d.) and waives many requirements for relatives providing child and foster care that would be mandatory for nonrelatives doing the same work. This double standard aims to keep families together with minimal assurances of safety and raises the bar considerably for nonrelatives wishing to become foster parents or to work with children in day care centers, schools, and therapeutic programs. WORKING WITH AT-RISK ADULTS In adult services, the landscape is very different. Some people contact an agency for helpers and generally rely on the agency to screen staff. Many agencies have improved their screening in the past several years, but consumers cannot assume that agencies do more than contact references and perhaps the DMV. …


Background: Aloe vera (AV) gels with different concentrations are available in the market. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of AV gel with two different concentrations in the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP) compared with placebo. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 females suffering from the clinical signs and symptoms of OLP were grouped into Group (I) patients receiving AV gel divided into two subgroups, subgroup (A) received AV 70% concentration (7 patients) and subgroup)B) received AV 90% concentration (7 patients) and Group (II) control group received placebo (7 patients). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between ulcer sizes at all points of follow-up in Egyptian and Australian AV compared to placebo. The degree of change was higher in Egyptian than Australian AV regarding size, erythema, reticulation, and total area of lesion. However, there was no statistically significant difference between two types of treatment as regards all measured parameters (P > 0.05). Conclusions: AV gel whether Egyptian or Australian is statistically significantly more effective than placebo in inducing marked improvement clinically of OLP. Therefore, AV gel can be considered a safe alternative treatment for patients with OLP. Clinical Significance: AV gel can be considered a safe alternative treatment for patients with OLP.


We outline a general purpose framework for black-box marginal maximum a posteriori estimation of probabilistic program variables using Bayesian optimization with Gaussian processes. We introduce the concept of an optimization query, whereby a probabilistic program returns an infinite lazy sequence of increasingly optimal estimates, and explain how a general purpose program transformation would allow the evidence of any probabilistic program, and therefore any graphical model, to be optimized with respect to an arbitrary subset of its variables.


The theoretical formulation presented in this paper was developed to predict the cell average temperature as a function of time for a given cell discharge current and its initial temperature under adiabatic and nonadiabatic conditions. The cell average temperature versus time data calculated from the derived formulation is presented in the form of plots for an ideal lithium-based button cell (for example, lithium(s)/electrolyte/carbon monofluoride(s)) during its discharge period. The presented data are briefly discussed in light of cell component stability and safe discharge operation.


Optical diode behavior of asymmetric one-dimensional photonic crystal with Kerr defect is numerically investigated using nonlinear transfer matrix method. In the linear case, the intensity and the phase of transmitted field are the same for the forward and backward operations. In the nonlinear case, however, the transmitted intensities are much different for the two operations, which display diode characteristic. Physical origin of the anisotropic transmission lies in the different localizations in the defect layer of the two operations.


Since the sensor nodes are randomly arranged in the region of interest, it may happen that the sensor network area is separated or there is no sensor node in some area. In addition, after the sensor nodes are deployed in the sensor network, a coverage hole may occur due to the exhaustion of energy or physical destruction of the sensor nodes. The coverage hole can greatly affect the overall performance of the sensor network, such as reducing the data reliability of the sensor network, changing the network topology, disconnecting the data link, and worsening the transmission load. Therefore, sensor network coverage hole recovery has been studied. Existing coverage hole recovery studies present very complex geometric methods and procedures in the two-step process of finding a coverage hole and recovering a coverage hole. This study proposes a method for discovering and recovering a coverage hole in a sensor network, discovering that the sensor node is a boundary node by itself, and determining the location of a mobile node to be added. The proposed method is expected to have better efficiency in terms of complexity and message transmission compared to previous methods.


The exchange rate has a direct impact on the economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Exchange rate changes depend on market conditions. Therefore, the exchange rate is affected by the state of the balance of payments, the extent of currency use in international payments, speculative currency transactions and the activity of currency markets, inflation and many other factors. The article shows the possible consequences of their influence on the exchange rate and gives examples. Dependence on the growth of money supply, monetary base and inflation is clearly manifested in the country. An analysis of the economic aspects directly affected by the exchange rate, namely foreign trade, capital flows, interest rates, business development, purchasing power of the population and economic growth is carried out. Currency stabilization measures, including stabilization of banks' currency positions, increasing control over the purposeful use of previously granted loans, distinguishing speculative operations from others, emphasize the importance of this topic. The implementation of these measures will have a positive effect on the stabilization of the exchange rate and the economic situation of the country in general..


For the customer, passive safety is one of the driving reasons for the decision when buying a new car. To ensure high safety standards, passive safety is demonstrated in vehicle crash tests. Instead of vehicle to vehicle crash tests, one vehicle is replaced by an aluminium honeycomb based crash barrier. This barrier represents the front of a vehicle by the shape, the deformation behaviour and the energy absorption. Using Finite Element Method (FEM) it is possible to show and predict the behaviour of the vehicle's structure during a previous mentioned crash test. To ensure good simulation results compared to reality it is not only necessary to correctly build up the FE model of the vehicle, but to simulate the real behaviour of the crash barrier too. Experience shows that the deformation behaviour of the FEM crash barrier seriously influences the quality of the full vehicle simulation. The barrier models that are currently in use, show insufficient reliable results. The modelling techniques are not able to show the principle deformation and failure behaviour of aluminium honeycomb. Moreover huge barrier deformation is able to cause serious instability problems of the models. That leads to an inaccuracy in predicting the vehicle safety during a virtually based development process. It has to be considered that CAE driven design processes are only feasible when the simulation delivers results with reliable prognosis quality.


The algebraic representation and granular representation of knowledge and their properties were summarized,the equivalence of the two kinds of representations for knowledge reduction was justified.A knowledge reduction method based on the integration of the entropy and the granular computing was proposed and applied to attribute reduction of KDD(Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining) Cup'99 data set.


Embodied in the documentation by which Britain accepted the League of Nations mandate for Palestine in 1922 were clauses facilitating Jewish immigration to the country. The Palestinians were hostile to Jewish immigration and settlement, resulting in recurring bouts of violence in the 1920s and early 1930s as the Arabs attacked Jewish settlers and the British authorities. Jewish immigration peaked in 1936, the year in which the Palestinians began a full-scale, nation-wide revolt. The spark for the uprising was an attack on 15 April 1936 on a convoy of taxis on the Nablus to Tulkarm road in which the assailants murdered two


Tobias Capwell, Curator of Arms and Armour at the Wallace Collection sheds light on the enormous importance of the sword and swordplay in Renaissance Europe.


This paper presents a new method to decrease the distance of the poles situated in two different nodes of an amplifier by using a positive feedback capacitor. The method can be used in various situations such as shaping the frequency response to help compensating of an OTA or suppressing the effect of some poles in a fully differential multistage amplifier to increase its GBW. The technique seems to be functional with any type of two stage and multistage op-amps and is usually very easy to implement.


The Chernobyl accident (26 April 1986) produced a patchy deposition of radionuclides over the Eastern and Northern basins of the Mediterranean Sea, that was superimposed over the previous fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapon tests. The deposition of Chernobyl-derivedCs was particularly heavy onto the Black Sea (3000 TBq) and the Aegean – Ionian Seas along the Greek coasts (800 TBq). Moreover, as the Black Sea still receives a delayed input of Chernobyl Cs from the rivers Danube and Dniepr, the output of surface water through the Dardanelles Straits constitutes a "permanent" point source of this conservative radionuclide into the North Aegean Sea. The water exiting the Dardanelles undergoes mixing with North Aegean surface water. Due to its low salinity this water acts as an insulation layer and, consequently, deepwater formation is rather infrequent in the North Aegean, taking place only at periods of reduced Black Sea outflow and/or exceptionally cold and dry winters. In the last 20 years there have been two major deep-water formation events in the North Aegean: in winter 1987 (just after the Chernobyl accident), and in winter 1993.


Metabolic and Thermoregulatory Capabilities of Juvenile Steller Sea Lions, Eumetopias jubatus. (May 2007) Lisa Ann Hoopes, B.S., Michigan State University; M.S., Texas A&M University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Graham A.J Worthy Dr. Jay R. Rooker Maintaining thermal balance is essential for all homeotherms but can be especially challenging for pinnipeds which must regulate over a variety of ambient temperatures and habitats as part of their life history. Young pinnipeds, with their immature physiology and inexperience, have the additional expense of needing to allocate energy for growth while still dealing with a thermally stressful aquatic environment. With the immense environmental and physiological pressures acting on juvenile age-classes, declines in prey resources would be particularly detrimental to survival. The goal of the present study was to examine the metabolic and thermoregulatory capabilities of juvenile Steller sea lions to better understand how changing prey resources indirectly impact juvenile age classes. Data collected from captive Steller sea lions suggest that changes in body mass and body composition influence the thermoregulatory capabilities of smaller sea lions in stationary and flowing water. Serial thermal images taken of sea lions after emergence from the water show vasoconstriction of the flippers compared to the body trunk to help minimize heat loss. Despite this ability to vasoconstrict, sea lions in poor body


Old city centers are often protected against the introduction of new architectural elements and require site-specific and respectful solutions for sustainable water management. Revitalizing part of ancient water systems matches more than one sustainable development goal. Ancient water management tools may be reinterpreted and innovated to preserve environmental resources, cultural heritage, and tradition, leading to new valuable heritage-based solutions (HBSs). The realization of rain water harvesting and reuse (RWHR) systems incorporating ancient elements of old water distribution systems, is proposed as an HBS for sustainable water management in old city centers. The case of Venice ancient cisterns (veras) is examined and discussed.


The aim of this study was to establish the influence of a trout farm on the activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total glutathione concentration (GSH), in larvae of Ephemera danica , and on environmental parameters in the receiving watercourse. The investigations were carried out seasonally (April, July, and October of 2016 and January of 2017) at four localities (SK1–control, and SK2, SK3, and SK4–30 m, 330 m and 630 m below the fish farm, respectively) along the Skrapež River. Discharged water had the greatest effect on the concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium ions, nitrates (NO3 − ), and total phosphorus. In the case of SOD and GSH, seasonal changes were greater than longitudinal, with maximal values attained in spring and summer and minimal in autumn and winter. SOD showed the strongest correlation with DO, and GSH with total nitrogen. Activity of GPx demonstrated greater longitudinal variability with maximum at SK2 in all seasons and the strongest correlation with NO3 − . The obtained results indicate that GPx activity was the most sensitive to the trout farm effects, while SOD and GSH were more influenced by natural seasonal changes of environmental parameters.


Intestinal involvement during Behcet's disease (entero-Behcet) is rare in Europe (<1%). We report the case of a 33-year-old Chad woman with Behcet's disease revealed by recurrent anal abscess and cecal perforation. We discuss the diagnosis of this atypical presentation and the different therapeutic strategies in severe attacks of Behcet's disease.


BACKGROUND
Current surgical techniques for the repair of the musculoskeletal system can be often limited by the availability, quality and quantity of materials, such as grafts to effect repair. This has led to the exploration and development of novel methods of intervention based on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

SOURCE OF DATA
This review summarizes the successes and investigations which are happening to date in the field of musculoskeletal tissue engineering. This is based on an extensive literature search and through basic research being performed by the authors.

AREAS OF AGREEMENT
Due to the constraints surrounding certain surgical techniques and restrictions on their use, novel procedures are required for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues.

AREAS OF CONTROVERSY
The choice of cell type has caused much debate within the tissue-engineering field. However it is widely accepted that currently only autologous primary/adult stem cells are fit for transplantation, until such times that optimized differentiation and selection protocols exist for embryonic stem cells.

GROWING POINTS
The current results of the clinical cases utilizing tissue engineered constructs for bone and cartilage repair provide insights for improvement of these techniques thus allowing treatments to become increasingly viable.

AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH
There is a need to better understand the integration of scaffolds and cell populations into the target tissue. This should provide vital information influencing scaffold manufacturing procedures and cell selection.


Increasing the share of renewable energy has become one of the key actions Romania has assumed under the Europe 2020 strategy targets on climate change and energy (a.k.a. European 20-20-20 targets). Romania benefits from a wide variety of renewable energy sources (RES) - wind, solar, hydro, geothermal and biomass. Among the RES types, solar resources have started to significantly contribute to the electricity mix. Thus, under the rapid transformation and growth of the renewable energy sector, understanding the impacts of Photovoltaic (PV) parks is essential to avoid the potential negative consequences. Hence, the current study is seeking to assess the environmental and socio-economic impacts of PV parks in Centre Development Region (CDR). The region is located in the central part of Romania covering 14.3% of the country's surface and holding nearly 12% of its population. It corresponds to the central and southern part of the Transylvanian Depression and the surrounding frame of the Carpathian Mountains. The evaluation relies on several environmental and socio-economic indicators. E.g. share of PV parks/land use category /main soil type; distance to forests, waters, Natura 2000; no. of jobs created during the construction/operation of the PV parks; the value of PV parks investment; the impact on the local budget. For the current assessment, 44 PV parks were identified and mapped covering a total area of 415 ha.


Illusory reduplication of the patient's own body refer to complex manifestations during which human subjects experience a second own body or self in their environment. Here we refer to this illusory second own body or self as a double. Doubles may be seen, felt, or heard, may be multiple or even concern the inner organs of the patient. Doubles have fascinated mankind from time immemorial and – often under the term autoscopic phenomena – several distinct forms have been described that can be separated based on phenomenological, functional, and anatomical criteria. The main forms of doubles are the visual own-body reduplications: autoscopic hallucination (AH), heautoscopy (HAS), and out-of-body experience (OBE) as well as the rarer forms including polyopic heautoscopy and inner heautoscopy. These are referred to here as visual doubles. Other own body reduplications include feeling of a presence (sensorimotor doubles), hearing of a presence (auditory doubles), and negative heautoscopy (negative doubles). Doubles are abundant in folklore, mythology, and spiritual experiences (Rank, 1925; MenningerLerchenthal, 1946; Todd and Dewhurst, 1962; Sheils, 1978; Arzy et al., 2005; Metzinger, 2005). In more recent times, doubles became a frequent and popular topic in the romantic literary movement of the nineteenth century (Rank, 1925; Dewhurst and Pearson, 1955; McCulloch, 1992). Reflecting these popular trends, detailed case descriptions (Muldoon and Carrington, 1929; Yram, 1972; Alvarado, 1992) and medical reports (Du Prel, 1886; Fere, 1891; Sollier, 1903a) began to appear. Since then, doubles have been repeatedly described in patients suffering from neurological or psychiatric disease (Menninger-Lerchenthal, 1935; 1946; Lhermitte, 1939; Hecaen and Ajuriaguerra, 1952; Todd and Dewhurst, 1955; Lukianowicz, 1958; Leischner, 1961; Fredericks, 1969; Devinsky et al., 1989b; Grusser and Landis, 1991; Dening and Berrios, 1994; Brugger et al., 1997). Doubles have been related to various neurological diseases such as epilepsy, migraine, neoplasia, infarction, and infection (Menninger-Lerchenthal, 1935; 1946; Lippman, 1953; Devinsky et al., 1989a; Grusser and Landis, 1991; Dening and Berrios, 1994; Brugger et al., 1997; Podoll and Robinson, 1999) and psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and dissociative disorders (Menninger-Lerchenthal, 1935; Lhermitte, 1939, Bychowski, 1943; Hecaen and Ajuriaguerra, 1952; Todd and Dewhurst, 1955; Lukianowicz, 1958; Dening and Berrios, 1994; Simeon, 2004; Bunning and Blanke, 2005; Mohr and Blanke, 2005). Yet, despite this large number of observations of doubles in neurological disease they occupy a neglected position in neurobiology and behavioral neurology.


Contents: Dedication. Preface. Dedication (First Edition). Preface (First Edition). Introduction. Overview: Television and the Presidential Election. Debate Formats: Candidates in Charge. Debate Coverage: Who's Winning. Debate Effects: Voters Win. Debate Policy: Every Four Years by Mandate. Addendum: Participant-Observation and Retrospective Interviewing: Methods for Depicting Communication Events.


Type of funding sources: None.

 Patients with acute myocarditis (AM) can be at increased risk of adverse cardiac events after the index episode. Beyond its undoubted role in diagnosis, Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) can also provide additional prognostic information and contribute to the patients risk stratification.

 Retrospective study with patients admitted with the clinical suspicion of myocarditis in our center from February/2018 to September/2021, in whom CMR was performed. A total of 48 patients were included and divided into two groups based on the number of segments with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). The threshold (> or < than 5 segments) was determined according to ROC curve analysis. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, heart failure and myocarditis recurrence.

 We included 48 patients (95,8% males; mean age 37,0±16,1 years old), 93,8% presenting with chest pain and 63,2% presenting with st-segment elevation on electrocardiogram. During hospitalization, 3 patients needed ionotropic support, 7 had supraventricular tachycardia, 9 non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, 1 sustained ventricular tachycardia, 1 needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and 9 had heart failure.
 CMR (performed 6 days (median) after admission) showed LGE in 45 patients (93,8%) and mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 55,5±8,7%.
 Both groups had similar age (35,0±13,7 vs 38,5±17,6 years, p=0,45), cardiovascular risk factors, st-segment elevation at admission (61,9% vs 63,0%, p=0,38), pro-BNP levels at admission [286 (IQR 144-699) mg/dl vs 522 (IQR 222-1253) mg/dl, p = 0,20] and peak C-reactive protein [5,7 (IQR 4-12) vs 5,2 (IQR 2,6-12,5),p=0,77].
 Patients with LGE in ≥5 segments (56,3%) had lower LVEF (53,2±9,6 vs 58,2±6,6, p=0,02), had more non-sustained ventricular tachycardia episodes (29,6% vs 4,8%, p=0,03), incidence of heart failure during hospitalization (25,9% VS 9,6%, p=0,19) and higher peak troponin levels [1,54 (IQR0,64-2,45) vs 0,594 (IQR 0,374-1,07), p=0,002].
 During a median follow-up of 21,5 (IQR 8–35,2) months, 11 patients (22,9%) experienced the primary outcome (6 for heart failure, 4 for AM recurrence, 1 death).
 The incidence of the primary endpoint increased by 1,20 (95% CI 1,08-1,60) for each segment involved. Patients with ≥ 5 segments had a higher incidence of this outcome (25,7 vs 5,1 per 100 patient/year, log rank p=0,02).
 After adjusting for possible cofounders, LGE≥ 5 segments on CMR was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, heart failure and myocarditis recurrence (HR 7,22, 95% CI 1,33-39,16).

 In this study, LGE involving 5 or more segments by LGE was correlated with adverse cardiovascular events among patients with suspected myocarditis. These data suggest that cardiac resonance imaging might add value to currently existing diagnostic tools for risks assessment in AM.


A RTL @ S is a project on the spatial and transnational history of the arts and humanities, based on the collaboration of quantitative methods and cartographic visualization. These two strategies fit into a perspective nourished by critical and sociological theory that, in short, aims to highlight not only the link between a work of art and its space, but also its underlying political, social, aesthetic or economic issues. From this standpoint, we have chosen to take advantage of what a digital approach can offer: the constitution of databases, quantitative analysis, graphic and geographic representations of data, as well as the Internet. In this introduction we present A RTL @ S , explain the contribution maps can have to art history, and


We present asymmetric SRAM cell design approaches to improve Read stability over conventional symmetric SRAM Cell. We show that selective threshold voltage control is more effective than adjusting transistor size for read stability improvement in an asymmetric SRAM cell. We implement statistical DC noise margin monitors and present the hardware measurement data as well as the DC/AC simulation data to support the claims.


There are several methods such as shield and immersed tube tunneling as well as cut and cover with cofferdam used for construction of road tunnel under river.This paper mainly introduces the principle,content and requirements of master plan of the tunnel under various environmental conditions.


Throngh document reasearching and teaching practice,the anther suggests that teachers should offer alternative course to different students based on basic teaching in the body mechanics course.The students will master and practice the ability of designing action.The interet and ability will be increased if the teacher satisty the need of different students.


On the basis of fully understanding the connotation and characteristics of intangible cultural heritage, this paper combed the preservation work of the Yangliuqing Town which is the National Historical Cultural Town in Tianjin, China. The author finds that preservation work had always focused on the tangible culture. And under these preservation planning, some historical sites are restored properly. And some construction improves the people's living condition. But during this process, some construction destroys the human environment inadvertently, and the development of the Lunar New Year Paintings industry also hits a bottleneck, leading to the decline of the characteristic of the "New Year pictures Town". Based on this problem, this paper puts forward the suggestions such as enriching the theme of Lunar New Year Paintings and enacting preferential tax policies.


A novel hafnium-based compound is provided to be a liquid at room temperature and show high stability, thereby forming a high quality hafnium-based thin film with stability. A hafnium thin film forming material is a hafnium-based compound represented by a formula(1) of LHf(NR^1R^2)3, wherein L is cyclopentadienyl group or substituted cyclopentadienyl group, and each R^1 and R^2 is alkyl, provided that R^1 and R^2 may be the same or different from each other. To form a hafnium thin film through a chemical vapor phase growth technique or an atomic layer controlled growth technique, the hafnium-based compound is used.


ment at Dumbarton Oaks, namely, the principle of the unanimity of the Big Three. Because they &dquo;have assumed the brunt of the struggle against the aggressors and the main responsibility for its success,&dquo; they are placed, as a Soviet spokesman put it, &dquo;in a special position.&dquo; Hence the new world order will be as enduring as the unanimity of the &dquo;leading power.&dquo; Geographic remoteness, Dr. Fox believes, will make it enormously difficult for one superpower to defeat another. Hence the very logic of the power political situation suggests that political and ideological conflicts be smothered into compromise. It is this thesis that Dr. Fox propounds as skillfully as any advocate of peace-for-our-time through great-power collaboration. Dr. Fox compiles a balance sheet of United States-British relations and disposes elegantly of the most cherished fossils in the museum of Anglophobia. The pivotal issue of United States foreign policy is the strategical interdependence of the United States and the British Commonwealth. &dquo;Great Britain is the 'sole buyer' of American military might.... Unless it is transmitted through Britain to the world's main zone of conflict the United States can do little to control its own destiny.&dquo; Dr. Fox recognizes Anglo-American teamwork as an imperative of United States foreign policy. He does not pur-


This paper discusses packet data multiplexing using stop-and-wait (SW) and go-back-N (GBN) automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols under Markovian interruption. The Markov process shows the output channel by examining the Markovian interruption using inactive and active states. We assume that whenever the voice signal is active the output link is used and will be blocked for the data packet, and data traffic input is exponentially distributed in increments via the Poisson process, with each data packet transmitted within an individual time slot. Active and inactive periods of the original voice signal are geometrically distributed with their unique parameters. The study introduces the concept of average service time and average queueing delay to simplify the analysis and shows that data multiplexers using SW and GBN ARQ schemes exhibit queueing behaviour when the interruption signal follows a Markov process. Moreover, we derived the effective capacity that features the average arrival rate at the transmitter queue under the quality of service (QoS) constraints. Also from the results system stability depends on the error probability and Markovian interruptions occurrence. Simulation results verify the theoretical analysis.


The report of the inquiry into deaths at Gosport War Memorial Hospital is hard but essential reading (gosportpanel.independent.gov.uk). In cool clear prose it records the personal tragedies of patients, admitted for respite care and not in pain, for whom "keep patient comfortable" proved a death sentence. It describes the courage and persistence of the families, and the devastating roll call of professional and institutional failings.

As Nigel Hawkes explains (doi:10.1136/bmj.k2901), key players at every level have been found wanting: the hospital managers who effectively silenced the …


Australia, one of the world's largest producers of coal, is used as a case study to compare the employment potential in the coal and wind power electricity generation industries. It is revealed that, as a result of automation, employment in the coal mining industry fell by 45% between 1987 and 2002. Moreover, as a result of the restructuring of the electricity industry as a whole, employment in the industry plunged by 50% during the 1990s. By serving as a substitute for coal power, the wind power industry, with 50% local content in dollar terms, already creates two to three times the number of direct, local job-years per kWh generated than coal power. If an expansion of the Australian content of a wind power were to be facilitated by appropriate government policies, this ratio could be expected to double, thereby indicating that a shift towards "cleaner" energy sources need not come at the expense of employment.


In the present investigation easily available raw material, temple waste flowers(TWF) were used as ecofriendly adsorbent for removal of colour from textile dyeing effluent. The activated carbon from temple waste flowers were prepared by direct pyrolysis process, sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) process respectively and also physico-chemical parameters including pH, conductivity, moisture content, ash content, volatile content, fixed carbon, bulk density, porosity, specific gravity, water soluble matter, acid soluble matter, iodine number, methylene blue number, yield and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (SBET) surface area of activated carbon were analyzed and compared. The structure, surface morphology and chemical compositions of carbon were determined by Field emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FeSEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) respectively. The prepared activated carbon is utilized for the removal of colour from textile dyeing effluent at different adsorbent dosage and contact time. Also the physico chemical parameters of textile effluent such as colour, pH, total hardness, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chlorides, sulphides, silica, calcium, iron, oil and grease were analyed. The results of the analysis were correlated with the water quality standards of BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard). The maximum colour removal efficiency of activated carbon was found to be 98.17% at 200 mg dose of adsorbent at normal pH and temperature conditions.


Abstract Purpose: To assess the accuracy and efficacy of ROPScore
scoring system an ancillary method to predict the severity of
retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in very low birth weight (VLBW)
premature infants. Methods: The medical records of 131 premature babies
having a birth weight  1500 gram and gestational age (GA) ≤ 30 weeks
were included in this study. The ROPScore was calculated for each baby
at six weeks of life using an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft®). Area under
curve (AUC) analysis was used in both any stage of ROP and type-1
(severe) ROP to ascertain the cut-off points for the scoring model.
Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and negative
predictive values (NPV) of the scoring system with the calibrated
cut-off points were analyzed. Results: The sensitivity of the ROPScore
scoring system was 88.5% ( 95% CI 79-94) and 100% (95% CI 82-100)
was for predicting any stage and type-1 retinopathy of prematurity,
respectively. The PPV and NPV of the models were 62% and 74.1% for any
stage of ROP and those of were 50% and 100% for type-1 ROP,
respectively. In ROC analysis, the mean AUCs of ROPScore model was
statistically significant compared than BW and GA for predicting type -1
ROP (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study indicated that
ROPScore scoring model with customized cutoff levels might be a useful
method for early prediction of premature retinopathy, particularly in
type-1 (severe) ROP. In addition, this model may also reduce the number
of eye examinations which are essential for detecting the retinopathy of
prematurity


Objective To understand the STDs prevalence in gynecology outpatient department. Methods The investigated data of 1 495 case in gynecology outpatient department were collected and analyzed. Results The postive rate of STDs was 13.85%. Among the cases, Condyloma Acuminaturre (CA) positive rate was 6.49%, Nongonococcal Cervicitis was 4.28%, Gonorrhea(GC) was 1.74%, Syphilis was 1.27% and Genital herpes (HSV) was 0.06%. The proportion of CA in the STDs was the highest. Conclusion Surveillance of STDs in population who come to gynecology outpatient de- partment should be enhanced.


This is a complete study of all known surviving pieces of medieval jewellery. It covers 700 years of European jewellery, and there is a complete catalogue of the Victoria and Albert Museum's holdings. Chapters covers the coronal, the brooch, the penelope, the girdle and the collar.


Variations and changes of the last century in the field of science and technology new outlook and new approach to education had asked for. Take that is almost universal, in today's world, all nations and governments of any socio-political system, respect and special attention to the issue of "education" is. Because the function and role of education as the most fundamental institution that is in charge of preparing future generations in all areas of scientific, social and cultural society, information and knowledge are necessary. No doubt the main cause of the growth and development of each country and the key is education community. Education is the most important and most complicated things in human life; the role is very effectively (Mazlomi, 2005). In the educational environment of the 21st century issues such as the needs of students, motivation, academic achievement and their intelligence is raised. In the educational environment, it is believed that in order to develop standards should be And program needs of students considered to result in a promotion of mental abilities and intelligence Resulting in achievement motivation and academic achievement of our students (Aini 2 and Popola 3, 2007). Teaching and learning requires the right environment with the right incentives and facilities are adequate. There is no doubt that the child's family structure and place it in the family occupies an important role in the development of mental abilities and intelligence, he plays a man who is born with certain characteristics, Since then, incredibly Joe and his surroundings would be, although genetic characteristics of children in the development of mental abilities and his intelligence are important. But it should be noted that these features only in the right environment can enable the formation of intelligence and mental abilities (Karimi, 2001). Family duty of care and upbringing of their children, communicate securely members together and help children independence. Life's continuous struggle with the environment and trying to identify and benefit from it. In this effort, cognitive ability and intelligence capabilities at the disposal of the man who puts his To modify or change its environment and achieve understanding (Piaget, 1951). One of the most valuable intelligence assets and the ability of every human being is the most precious gift in the world today is the product and the highest capital In the most basic of human resources called "talents" form. Intelligence and its growth should be considered in humans, particularly children. Because the only aspect of growth that cannot be compensated later on it was less work and intelligence and its growth process But other aspects of emotional development, social and so on, to some extent can be compensated later backwardness. Experts intelligence as problem-solving skills and the ability to adapt to the environment and learn from the experiences of daily life described. Intelligence has different aspects. One aspect of intelligence and general intelligence called and a private intelligence aspect of it Or special talent under the brand name In fact, the talent and the specific aspects of intelligence and general intelligence needs for each work But specific intelligence activities and will lead us where it is significant that our efforts earlier.After training and intelligence of children should undertake strengthening and enriching their environment in primary school because the child in the course of the search, faced with events that attract their interest does. They are particularly affected by the events which are relatively new, the experience of previous events with them, do not fit well. After primary school education function is adding the ability to knowledge, because she thought at the beginning is not completely logical and necessary during the serving of process steps to enable the children to develop logical thinking. Develops the child's mind, when properly enabled. …


BACKGROUND
The Deepwater Horizon disaster cleanup effort provided an opportunity to examine the effects of ambient thermal conditions on exertional heat illness (EHI) and acute injury (AI).

METHODS
The outcomes were daily person-based frequencies of EHI and AI. Exposures were maximum estimated WBGT (WBGTmax) and severity. Previous day's cumulative effect was assessed by introducing previous day's WBGTmax into the model.

RESULTS
EHI and AI were higher in workers exposed above a WBGTmax of 20°C (RR 1.40 and RR 1.06/°C, respectively). Exposures above 28°C-WBGTmax on the day of the EHI and/or the day before were associated with higher risk of EHI due to an interaction between previous day's environmental conditions and the current day (RRs from 1.0-10.4).

CONCLUSIONS
The risk for EHI and AI were higher with increasing WBGTmax. There was evidence of a cumulative effect from the prior day's WBGTmax for EHI. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:1169-1176, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Dog evolution has long been debated, particularly with regards to the origin of domestication and its effects on the genome, but little is known about the role of the gut microbiome during the recent canine evolutionary history. We sequenced the metagenome of 13 canine coprolites dated ca. 3,600-3,450 y ago from the Bronze Age archaeological site of Solarolo (Italy), which housed a complex farming community. The microbiome structure of Solarolo dogs revealed continuity with that of modern dogs, but it also shared some features with the wild wolf microbiome, as a kind of transitional state between them. The dietary niche, as also inferred from the microbiome composition, was omnivorous, with evidence of consumption of starchy agricultural foods. Interestingly, the microbiome from Solarolo dogs was particularly enriched in sequences encoding alpha-amylases and complemented a low copy number of the host amylase (AMY2B) gene. These findings suggest that Neolithic dogs could have responded to the transition to a starch-rich diet by expanding microbial functionalities devoted to starch catabolism. Such a microbiome adaptive mechanism would have compensated for delayed host response to the new primarily abundant plant food resources, available from companionship with Bronze Age agriculturalists.


Introduction • Values serve as standards or criteria by which individuals select and evaluate attitudes, interactions, and policies (Schwartz, 2012). • As shown in Figure 1, values are empirically and conceptually divided along two higherorder independent axes (Schwartz, 1992) that reflect underlying motivations (Maio, 2017). • Just world beliefs represent the extent to which an individual believes that "people get what they deserve." • Colorblindness corresponds to attitudes that ignore the presence and impact of racial differences, racial privilege, and institutional discrimination (Neville et al., 2000). • We hypothesized dual mediation effects— that self-transcendence values would be associated with less colorblind racial attitudes by discouraging just world beliefs, while conservation would exacerbate colorblind racial attitudes by motivating just world beliefs. Method Participants 137 undergraduate students (75% = women; Mean Age = 19.9; Race: 68% = White, 12% = Black, 10% = Multiracial, 6% = Hispanic, 1% = Asian, 1% = Self-Identify) were recruited for psychology class credit.


To solve the problem of low recognition rate which is the existing identification methods of partial discharge faults, a new method was designed with wavelet, singular value and improved particle swarm algorithm to optimize the BP neural network. First, using continuous wavelet and singular value decomposition to get the signal characteristic value; then combined with the significance of inertia weight and learning factor which is the key parameter of iteration and convergence in the algorithm, a nonlinear improved method of key parameters is proposed which is improved by indexing and triangulation. Simulation results show that the proposed method has a faster convergence speed and higher accuracy in training, and it has a high degree of recognition which is better than the standard particle swarm algorithm and the traditional BP neural network in the test.


Poster: "ECR 2012 / C-2212 / What You Should Know about Medical Radiation Exposure for Reducing Radiation Exposure: Check Your Knowledge as a Radiation Expert" by: "K.-H. Do, S. Y. oh; Seoul/KR"


This study was conducted to compare the health behaviors of patients before and after astroke and propose health education program to reduce risk factors related to stroke recurrence.Data were collected from eighty-eight stroke patients registered at the Gyeongju- si HealthCenter between July 1, to August 30, 1999, by interviewing patients from a prepared structuredquestionnaire, which included questions on that patients' general characteristics, health-relatedbehaviors, family-related characteristics, and pre- and post- stroke health status.Smoking rate of 51.1% before stroke reduced to 25.0% after stroke; drinking rate of 52.3%before stroke reduced to 17.0% after stroke; daily smoking amount of 20.1 packs per daybefore stroke significantly reduced to 14.9 packs per day after stroke; and daily drinkingamount of 92.4ml before stroke significantly reduced to 23.7ml after stroke.Smoking rate according to sex showed a marked decrease in the male subjects, but 31.6%still smoked even after their stroke. Among the female subjects, smoking rate of 16.1% beforestroke reduced to 12.9% after stroke.Observation of the change in health-related behaviors of stroke patients showed significantchange in smoking rate, drinking rate and intake of regular meals etc. of patients with aspouse and patients who received preventive health education.Health education on quitting smoking, temperance, low fat diet, exercise and regular mealsfor stroke patients are needed, and public and private organizations can do their part indevelopment and providing continuing health education programs and health education.


This study examines the relation between prosody and sentence-type perception in Greek, through a perceptual experiment using synthetic hum sound analogs of statements, polar/wh-questions and commands. The results indicate that sentence types may be partially identified through prosody. The identification rates were not very high, due to the nature of the synthetic stumuli. Wh-questions were easily perceived, while for the other sentence types falling boundary tones seem to be misleading.


. . 3 An Essential Partner: The Librarian's Role in Student Learning Assessment . . . 4 The Academic Library and Student Learning Outcomes . . . 4 The Academic Library and Information Literacy Learning Assessment . . . 10 The Academic Library and Faculty Engagement . . . 14 Demonstrating Student Success . . . 14 The Academic Library and the Way Forward: Challenges and Strategies . . . 15


A first order presentation of the questions the author believes must be addressed for fufilling the promise of GW astronomy in terms of understanding the origins of our universe. Organized in five questions , and themes which end with asking if quantum foundations / structures to our cosmological space time are mandantory, or if T'Hoofts vision of quantum physics being a sub set to a larger 'deterministic quantum theory; as t;Hooft phrases the successor to quantum probability, as envisions it .


Based on the annual data of 14 provinces in seven regions of China from 2006 to 2017, this paper constructs a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model to analyze the dynamic relationship among China's shadow banking scale, price stability and economic development. The results show that when the size of shadow banking is under a positive impact, GDP per capita and CPI will decline. This paper explains that the expansion of shadow banking leads to excessive concentration of capital in the financial sector, which inhibits the development of the real economy. Through variance decomposition, it can be seen that, in each forecast period, the change of shadow banking scale is mainly affected by its own impact, while the change of macroeconomic variables such as per capita GDP and CPI is largely affected by shadow banking scale impact.


Attempts to know the present conditions of agricultural libraries in India. This study is based on the analysis of professional staff, users, collection, budget, computerization (hardware and software) and mechanized information services existing in the agricultural libraries. A comparative data in tabular form of 19 State Agriculture University (SAU) libraries out of 30 and 37 ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) institute libraries out of 50 are drawn for showing the strengths and weaknesses of agricultural libraries. Suggests the establishment of a National Agricultural Library by considering all the factors affecting the development of agriculture. This data will be useful for planning and policy making of agricultural libraries.


A new analysis technique for the composition measurement of mixed nuclear material by using a ssion neutron multiplicity distribution is proposed on the basis of the fact that the ssion neutron multiplicity distribution of each isotope has its own characteristics. The feasibility study for identifying a single isotope and determining the composition of a mixed material has been carried out using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The neutron counter system is simulated with the MCNPX code. In the single isotope case, the measured neutron multiplicity distributions result in over 1.0% dierence from that of each individual isotope using the following six isotopes simulated: 238 Pu, 240 Pu, 242 Pu, 242 Cm, 244 Cm, 252 Cf. In the mixed nuclear material case, the mixed materials of 239 Pu and 244 Cm isotopes are simulated with various mixing ratios. The neutron multiplicity distributions for the mixture of 239 Pu and 244 Cm are distinguishable when the mass mixing ratio of 244 Cm to 239 Pu is less than 10 8 and the composition of the mixture is measured by 1.0% relative


Treatment failure in glioblastoma is often attributed to intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH), which fosters tumor evolution and generation of therapy-resistant clones. While ITH in glioblastoma has been well-characterized at the genomic and transcriptomic levels, the extent of ITH at the epigenomic level and its biological and clinical significance are not well understood. In collaboration with neurosurgeons, neuropathologists, and biomedical imaging experts, we have established a novel topographical approach towards characterizing epigenomic ITH in three-dimensional (3-D) space. We utilize pre-operative MRI scans to define tumor volume and then utilize 3-D surgical neuro-navigation to intra-operatively acquire 10+ samples representing maximal anatomical diversity. The precise spatial location of each sample is mapped by 3-D coordinates, enabling tumors to be visualized in 360-degrees and providing unprecedented insight into their spatial organization and patterning. For each sample, we conduct assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-Seq), which provides information on the genomic locations of open chromatin, DNA-binding proteins, and individual nucleosomes at nucleotide resolution. We additionally conduct whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing for each spatially mapped sample. Integrative analysis of these datasets reveals distinct patterns of chromatin accessibility within glioblastoma tumors, as well as their associations with genetically defined clonal expansions. Our analysis further reveals how differences in chromatin accessibility within tumors reflect underlying transcription factor activity at gene regulatory elements, including both promoters and enhancers, and drive expression of particular gene expression sets, including neuronal and immune programs. Collectively, this work provides the most comprehensive characterization of epigenomic ITH to date, establishing its importance for driving tumor evolution and therapy resistance in glioblastoma. As a resource for further investigation, we have provided our datasets on an interactive data sharing platform – The 3D Glioma Atlas – that enables 360-degree visualization of both genomic and epigenomic ITH.


Using eight experimentally naive Wistar rats, the effects of immediate, unsignaled and signaled delays of reinforcement on lever-pressing response rates were compared with two different procedures. In the Between-Phases procedure, each experimental condition was presented in three thirty-session consecutive phases; whereas, in the Multiple-Schedule procedure, each experimental condition was correlated with one component of a three-component multiple schedule of reinforcement. Regardless of the procedure used, consistent results were observed, that is, differences


There is much written on the growth performance of the sub-Saharan countries that focuses on explaining average rates of growth over shorter or longer periods. This paper demonstrates that a key characteristic of the countries of the sub-Saharan region is the instability of growth rates, across countries, and for individual countries over time. Research suggests that this instability has a negative effect on average growth rates. Building on this insight, we use a simple model to account for instability, and suggest policy measures to reduce it. While reducing instability is fundamentally a task of long-run development strategy, we find that short-term macro management supported by development assistance can have a substantial impact