The effects of the initial downcomer water accumulation velocity on the thermo-hydrodynamic behavior during the reflood phase of a PWR-LOCA have been investigated experimentally by using the Cylindrical Core Test Facility (CCTF), which is the largest integral test facility for the investigation of the reflooding behavior, in order to clarify whether the larger downcomer flow area of the CCTF than the PWR scaled value causes the differences in the reflooding behavior. This is because the downcomer flow area of the CCTF is larger than the PWR scaled value by 70% and the main influence to the reflooding behavior caused by this is considered to be the initial downcomer water accumulation velocity effects. Analyzing the experimental data, it has been found that the influence of the initial downcomer water accumulation velocity on the reflooding behavior is very small under the CCTF base case test condition. Therefore, it has been confirmed that although the downcomer flow area of the CCTF is 1.7 times as large...


The invention relates to new alloys to replace lead as a material for soldering terminals headphones, replacing alloys based on tin, copper, zinc, silver and bismuth, in all possible combinations, primarily due to the appearance Directive 2002/95 / EC "Restriction of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment".


Seven courses of theoretical and practical training in family planning were offered in 1974-75 in Mexico City, and directed to general practitioners. There were 110 participants. Activities included, among others, insertions and extractions of IUDs, prescription of OC (oral contraception), control of patients, and complete pelvic examinations. At the beginning of the course it was obvious that there were serious deficiencies in the theoretical areas, as well as in specific clinical skills as applied to family planning. There was a strong improvement in attitudes toward family planning from a purely social point of view, especially concerning unmarried women, or women with high parity. While before the course the participants tended to suggest salpingochlasia as the only form of permanent contraception, they would most consider vasectomy at the end of the course. Reasons against induced abortion, when present, were of a religious or ethical nature. Results obtained with these courses showed the importance of training in family planning for general practitioners, were it only to emphasize their duties toward the community, and to improve their medical skills in such field.


The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to find out whether in the course of task performances, miners engage in activities influenced by their tacit knowledge to enhance the quality of the mainte ...


Magnetic properties of SmFe/sub 10/(Ti,M)/sub 2/ melt-spun ribbons were studied, where M is V, Cr, Mn, and Mo. The ribbons (M=V/Cr/Mo) quenched at 20 m/s exhibit the high coercivities of 4.2-5.5 kOe. Annealing the ribbons quenched at 40 m/s enhances their coercivities in the range of 5.9-10.0 kOe. In particular, SmFe/sub 10/(TiV) and SmFe/sub 10/(TiCr) ribbons yield coercivities of 10.0 kOe and 7.9 kOe, respectively. This is the highest value among the reported melt-spun ThMn/sub 12/-type structure ribbons. The importance of Sm atmosphere during annealing in minimizing the Sm evaporation from ribbons is also demonstrated. >


Directional solidification of the eutectic Mn‐Bi alloy (2 at% Mn) produces an aligned array of ferromagnetic Mn‐Bi needles, 0.1 to 1.5 μm in diameter, in a matrix of diamagnetic Bi. Samples grown at about 50 cm/hr and then annealed at 200 °C contain two magnetic phases. One phase is normal equilibrium MnBi, known in the recent literature as the low‐temperature phase (LTP). The second phase is crystallographically similar to the high‐temperature phase (HTP) Mn1.08Bi, but has a much lower Curie temperature of 240 K. Low‐temperature hysteresis loops measured parallel and perpendicular to the axis of freezing are of unusual form. If the magnetization due to the normal MnBi phase is subtracted the resulting loop in the parallel direction has Hci≳100 kOe, suggesting single‐domain behavior. The resulting loop in the perpendicular direction can be accounted for by the presence of a relatively large fourth‐order anisotropy.


The concept of 'biographical disruption' has been a leading framework for studies of the experience of chronic illness. A symptomless chronic condition – bereft of bodily signs ‒ does not similarly present biographical disruption. People with elevated cholesterol are healthy at the same time as medical regimens signal sickness. The empirical material presented in this article, based on interviews with people with elevated cholesterol, suggests that a more appropriate metaphor could be 'biographical work' in such instances. The aim of this article is to discuss how people with the symptomless condition of elevated cholesterol continually construct elevated cholesterol in everyday life doing biographical work along shifting contexts. The vocabulary of biographical work constructs a subject who is continually working on building situationally-appropriate identities embedded in the shifting contexts of being sick or not sick. The article shows how people ongoingly 'do' elevated cholesterol, creating a mother-cholesterol-identity, a guest-cholesterol-identity et cetera, navigating the dilemma of absence of bodily signs (signaling healthiness) and medical regimens (indicating sickness) against shifting rhythms of biographical particulars in everyday life. Linkages of medical regimens with the rhythms of mothering, vacationing, being a guest et cetera create contexts – ever-emerging 'cholesterol-biographical rhythms' ‒ for accomplishing and stretching the cholesterol identity from situation to situation, being adequately compliant with medical regimens.


The preparation and crystal structure of [ZnCl(C 12 H 27 N 3 )]PF 6 are described. The Zn atom has a tetrahedral environment, coordinated to three N atoms of the triaza macrocyclic ligand and to one Cl - ion. The Zn-N distances are in the range 2.037(1)-2.048(1)A, with Zn-Cl 2.2010 (4) A.


Theoretical principles of thin layer headspace (TLHS) analysis are reviewed. TLHS utilizes a special heated column in which a continuously flowing thin film of a liquid sample is contacted with a continuously flowing pure gas. Volatile analytes contained in the liquid sample pass to the gas phase and are carried away from the column. For the determination of volatile organic halogen (VOX), the analytes in the gas are mineralized at 900°C, and the mineralization products (hydrogen halides) are absorbed in an appropriate solvent in a second TLHS column kept at ambient or sub‐ambient temperature. The mineralization products can be quantified in the liquid sorbent using conductometric, spectrophotometric, as well as direct and indirect potentiometric methods. The unique feature of this method is the dynamic preconcentration of the analyte in the liquid sorbent. When analyte speciation is required, the liquid sorbent can be generated in TLHS column II by condensation of the water vapour carried by the gas from...


This paper proposes a novel multi-phase PWM dimming control scheme which possesses two-phase, four-phase, six-phase, and eight-phase for backlight inverter. Each phase driving circuit can control the lamp current of two ccfls at least. From the experimental results for four-phase and six-phase PWM dimming control, we got a conclusion which power efficiency η (%) is directly proportional to No. of phases and lamp current error E (%) is inversely proportional to No. of phases. Hence higher phases dimming will achieve uniform output lamp currents which is called current equalization. We develop a design rule which compare system parameters in multi-phase dimming control for backlight inverter. We conclude that the experimental results also can apply for two-phase and eight-phase PWM dimming control.


Smart city planners pay more attention towards visible light communication (VLC) system to achieve seamless high speed connectivity. A light emitting diode (LED) acts as a transmitter in VLC system. However, the nonlinear characteristics and dimming nature of LED limits the performance of the VLC system by degrading the quality of transmitted signal. In this paper, we propose an adaptive-learning-architecture (ALA) based predistortion technique to estimate and compensate for LED nonlinearities as well as increase the spectral efficiency of a VLC system. A DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) signal is considered. The performance with and without predistorter is analysed assuming optical line-of-sight (LOS) channel. It is shown that degradation due to LED nonlinearity can be compensated by using ALA-based predistortion, and the overall Predistorter-LED system is able to approach near-linear performance. Further, we investigate the impact of dimming on the performance of nonlinear LED in VLC system. Simulation results based on symbol error rate (SER), amplitude distortion (AM/AM) curves and constellation plots validate the performance of our proposed technique.


The experience of using electro destruction of the endometry in 60 patients showed that the method practically doesnt have any contraindications if applied for treating hyperplastic processes in endometry and helps to obtain stable therapeutic effect. It is reasonable to consider it particularly promising inpatients with relapsing endometrial hyperplasia resistant to hormonal therapy; in case of association with severe extragenital diseases electro destruction may appear an alternative both to hormonal therapy and surgical treatment.


A sediment quality triad approach was used to evaluate Environment Canada's battery of marine bioassays and the proposed pass/fail criteria along a metals gradient in Belledune Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada. Most assays performed consistently, but certain tests provided less response than expected at the more contaminated stations (amphipod survival and light reduction in photoluminescent bacteria tests passed according to proposed pass/fail criteria). Echinoid fertilization tests were quite sensitive. Bioaccumulation of lead and benthic community structure were related to bulk sediment values (at α = 0.1). Test interpretation criteria appear reasonable, but as the response rate was low in certain tests, further assessment is recommended. With respect to species suitability, only the clam Macoma balthica used in the bioaccumulation test was thought to be less than optimal for routine use on a large scale because of practical handling and cost considerations. Canadian draft Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines, which the Disposal at Sea Program may use for screening purposes in a tiered testing approach, were used in this study as the chemical benchmarks to select test stations on the basis of the relative probability of effects. Guidelines at the threshold effects level (TEL) performed well in the study as levels below which unacceptable biological effects were unlikely to occur. The ratio of simultaneously extractable metals to acid volatile sulfides was also used in addition to the guideline levels to help explain responses (or lack thereof) along the gradient. Each of the chemical approaches was useful in the prediction/explanation of some but not all of the responses seen in the toxicity and/or benthic community results.


Identification of genes in oncogenic chromosome translocations by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) screening using genomic tilepath clones, is often laborious, notably if the region of interest is gene-dense. Other molecular methods for partner identification also suffer limitations; for instance, genomic PCR screening requires prior knowledge of both sets of breakpoints, while Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) is limited to translocations causing mRNA fusion and delivers no breakpoint data. With Long Distance Inverse (LDI)-PCR, however, it is possible to identify unknown translocation partners and to map breakpoints at the base-pair level. Applying LDI-PCR merely requires approximate sequence information on one partner, rendering it ideal for use in combination with FISH to extend and refine cytogenetic breakpoint data.


This article aims at evaluating and analysing the production efficiency of farms (FF) in the locality of Zoetele, South Cameroon. From a sample of 62 FF, we first estimate a model of Data Envelopment Analysis with constant and variable returns to scale, then a censored TOBIT model enabling therefore to identify factors of efficiency. Two main outcomes result from this study. First of all, we can see that on average, the level of technical efficiency of FFs is 44.60% when returns to scale are constant, and 67.80% when return to scale are variable. This shows off possibilities of efficiency substantial gains. Secondly, the farm size and the production destination impact negatively on the technical efficiency. Finally, the adherence to a peasant organisation and age improve it. From those results, we estimate that if one wants to improve the efficiency of the FFs, it would be interesting that the FFs organise themselves into associations in order to benefit from experience sharing, and government and nongovernmental organisations (NGO).


When developing and researching management tasks, a climate model is needed. There are different ways to mathematically describe or predict parameters for controlling a greenhouse complex. Most authors represent the ambient air temperature by a Fourier series or its segment, as well as by trigonometric expressions. This approach makes it possible to use the obtained representation for solving specific thermal and physical problems, as well as for calculating heat and moisture resistance. A mathematical model of greenhouse microclimate dynamics has been developed. The mathematical model describes parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity and soil humidity. The developed model in the form of a differential equation is calculated numerically using the Maple 17.


The recursive minimization problem\[ f ( n ) = \min \left\{ \sum^r_{i = 1} f ( a_i ) \right\} + g ( n ), \] where the minimum is taken over all r-tuples $a = ( a_1 , \cdots ,a_r )$ of integers $a_i $, such that $0\leqq a_i < n$, $1\leqq i\leqq r$, $\sum^r_{i = 1} a_i = n$, is studied. Necessary and sufficient conditions on $g( n )$, satisfied by many nonnegative convex sequences, are found for the solution to be given by the recurrence relation \[f ( n ) = \sum_{i = 1}^r f \left( \left[ \frac{n + i - 1}{r} \right] \right) + g ( n ).\] A similar recurrence relation is found for the solution when g satisfies certain concavity conditions.


The Closed-System Constraint and Chemical Stoichiometry. Chemical Thermodynamics and Equilibrium Conditions. Computation of Chemical Equilibrium for Relatively Simple Systems. Survey of Numerical Methods. Chemical Equilibrium Algorithms for Ideal Systems. Chemical Equilibrium Algorithms for Non-Ideal Systems. The Effects of Problem Parameter Changes on Chemical Equilibria (Sensitivity Analysis). Practical Considerations and Special Topics. Appendixes. List of Symbols. References. Answers to Problems. Author and Subject Indexes.


A multi-relay wireless communication system model is proposed,in which to get the effects of power allocation between the source node and each relay node on the system capacity,the power allocation algorithms with a total power constraint are discussed to maximize the system capacity.By analyzing the capacity of multi-relay cooperative communication systems with non-regenerative cooperative relay mode,we propose an optimum power allocation algorithm with low computational complexity.The results of simulation show that,compared with the average power allocation algorithm (APA),the proposed algorithm increases the system capacity significantly.In the case of poor channel conditions,the performance improvement is more evident.


In the article efficiency estimation of digital images resizing (dimensional changing) using various interpolators, such as Bicubic, B-Spline (B-Spline), Mitchell (Mitchell), Lanczos (Lanczos) is provided. Also the experimental results of quality changing after image reduction and restoration are presented.


The study was conducted to assess consumers' preference and willingness to pay for different pepper varieties in Osun State, Nigeria. The study used the major pepper types – Capsicum chinenses (Rodo), C. annum (Tatase), C. frutescens (Sombo) and C. pubescens (Bawa), being sold in the markets in Osun State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect data from 100 respondents. The primary data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study showed that consumers mostly preferred and were willing to pay more for C. chinenses (Rodo) than any other types of pepper. Household size, primary occupation, total household income, availability and meal-making ability of pepper were the factors that influenced consumers' preference for the different varieties of pepper while the willingness to pay for pepper varieties by consumers was influenced by affordability, availability, taste and thickness. The study recommends that since availability and affordability influenced preference and willingness to pay for pepper varieties, policies should be aimed at increasing farmers' production as this will ensure that pepper is readily available and affordable for consumers.


PURPOSE: An image recognizing apparatus using a scalable compact local descriptor and a method thereof are provided to generate scalable feature descriptors having different sizes and different processing speeds according to purposes, thereby differently extracting the descriptors according to descriptor storage spaces and the performance of an extractor. CONSTITUTION: A feature descriptor extractor extracts scalable compact local feature descriptor information, for recognizing an object, from input image information. A database (140) includes a plurality of feature descriptor information. A feature descriptor matching unit (130) compares a feature descriptor output from a feature descriptor generator (120) with a feature descriptor stored in the database, and recognizes an object included in the image. [Reference numerals] (110) Image obtaining unit; (120) Feature descriptor generator; (130) Feature descriptor matching unit


CNC machine tools with synchronized motion axes, existing feedforward motion control designs are usually employed for reducing tracking errors and thus achieving desired tracking accuracy. However, the contouring accuracy of motion control design remains limited mainly because of unmatched dynamics among all motion axes. In this study, a feedforward motion control design was developed by considering the mutual dynamics among all the motion axes for improving contouring accuracy. Applying stable pole-zero cancellation to each axis and compensating phases for the uncancelled zeros of all axes led to matched dynamic responses for all the motion axes across the entire frequency range, thus ensuring contouring accuracy. Moreover, a digital disturbance observer was developed to repress adverse effects induced by model uncertainties and external disturbances, for the enhancement of motion robustness in real applications. Finally, experiments performed on a 3-axis CNC milling machine validated both the proposed feedforward motion control design and the digital disturbance observer design.


In these literary explorations of British, French and American writers, Monroe Spears investigates not other geographical countries, but countries of the mind - the different cultural worlds that have shaped these writers and from which their art sprang. In the first section of this collection of new and recent essays, Spears examines relations between the worlds of past and present, communications between the worlds of science and the humanities and interchanges between America and France. His topics range from Montaigne and Toqueville to cosmology and the historical novel. Here, as in the rest of this book, Spears expands the discussion of a particular book or author into larger questions of cultural themes. Beginning with T.S. Eliot and continuing with W.H. Auden, the other great "transplant" who put down new roots in his adopted country, the second section deals with literary relations between Britain and the United States and between poetry and criticism. Spears considers other modern poets and critics, including Richard Wilbur, Howard Nemerov, Robert Graves, Stephen Spender and Frank Kermode, as well as other questions of literary criticism and history. The third section focuses on the American South, real and fictional, and the extent to which it should be regarded as a separate world or a system of separate worlds. Caroline Gordon, Allen Tate, Andrew Lytle, Thomas Wolfe, William Faulkner, Mary Lee Settle and Katherine Anne Porter are among the writers discussed. Spear's own occasional reminiscences of meeting a number of his subjects during his years as editor of the "Sewanee Review" add to the immediacy of reading this lively collection. "Countries of the Mind" should have broad appeal for lovers of literature everywhere.


Engaging and Mobilizing the Caribbean Diaspora to Finance Investment and Development in the Caribbean Region Samantha Chris Roach This thesis contains five papers on leveraging the resources of the Caribbean diaspora for investments and development in the Caribbean region. The first paper examined the uses, particularly investment, made of the cash remittances received by migrant households using a sample survey and the impact of remittances on investments in St. Lucia and Trinidad and Tobago through a dynamic ordinary least squares model. The results of the study indicate that remittances are not only spent on consumption but are also used for household investments. The second paper investigated the investment interest of members of the Caribbean diaspora and its determinants. A sample survey was utilized to determine the investments of members of the diaspora and a probit model was used to analyse the factors that affect migrants' investment interest. The results suggest that both household characteristics and macroeconomic conditions affect their investment interest. The third paper is an exploratory study which utilised a unique data set collected from a sample survey to determine the impact of non-cash remittances on education in St. Lucia, using an ordered probit model. The results suggests that non-cash remittances have a positive and significant impact on the recipients' education as well as that of some of their children. The fourth paper probes the potential of home town associations (HTAs) to harness remittances for the development of the Caribbean region. While the fifth paper examines the role of Caribbean embassies as facilitators between the home country and the Caribbean diaspora. In conclusion, this thesis, therefore, establishes the importance of creating a Caribbean diaspora policy framework for the Caribbean region.


Reactions of copper(I) halides with imidazolidine-2-thione and 1-methyl-1,3-imidazoline-2-thione in dmso involved C-S rupture in aerobic conditions and yielded a sulfate bridged polymer, [Cu(II){eta(2)-N,N-(N(2)C(3)H(5))(2)S}(mu-O,OSO(2))(eta(1)-OH(2))](n) 1 and a sulfate chelated monomer, [Cu(II){eta(2)-N,N-(N(2)C(4)H(5))(2)S}(eta(2)-O,OSO(2))(eta(1)-OH(2))] 2 {N,N-(N(2)C(3)H(5))(2)S = 2,2'-thio-di-2-imidazoline, N,N-(N(2)C(4)H(5))(2)S = 1,1'-dimethyl-2,2'-di-imidazolyl sulfide}. This variable coordination behavior of in situ generated sulfate is unprecedented in the literature.


The Cummins K2000 E engine is controlled by electronic system,so when there are faults for the engine,the codes could be directly read to find causes and solutions. When there are faults for the electronic system,there may be fault of fault diagnosis for repairman,so the right ideas and methods should be adopted.


Data on the percentage of transfer passengers at airports are usually not available from offi-cial sources but might be useful for many occasions and analyses, such as assessments of airport cost drivers, airport planning and forecasting, lobbying and policymaking, or just airport categorization.

To fill this data gap, we have developed a methodology to derive transfer passenger shares at the airport level from so-called 'segment split data' provided by the Sabre-MI (Market Intel-igence) database. This database, which is compiled from MIDT data and estimates for non-CRS bookings, is widely used by airlines, airports, researchers and consultants for market analyses.

In the 'leg-flow module', the database can split the total number of departing passengers at the airport level into local, beyond, behind and bridge passengers. While the former two groups of passengers do not change planes at all, or at other airports only, the latter two are counted as transfer passengers at the airport in question. Comparisons e.g. with Eurostat indicate that the quality of the underlying Sabre-MI segment data – and hence our estimations for the transfer rates – should be relatively good.

We used the methodology to map the development of transfer traffic worldwide, comparing the years 2002 and 2016, and to identify the world's leading transfer airports and regions and any significant shifts. At an aggregated, worldwide level, transfer passenger volumes grow only slightly, while direct flying is getting more and more popular.

The results further show lower transfer rates and global transfer market shares for most of the largest U.S. hubs in 2016 compared to 2002, as well as an increasing role of the BoGu (Bosporus-Gulf) hubs in global transfer traffic. The main European hub airports show rela-tively stable results.


Lack of detailed infant dietary data, nutrient data bases and food pattern methodologies to describe complexities of the total diet has resulted in inadequate information on infant‐feeding patterns in low‐income countries. Customarily, infant diets have been reported in relation to nutrients or types of foods consumed (for example, fed breast milk or breast‐milk substitutes). This paper uses cluster analysis to differentiate feeding patterns for 3,080 infants in Cebu, Philippines, obtained from detailed dietary data collected at 6 and 12 months of age. Using a nutrient data base of processed and local foods commonly fed to infants, infant foods were classified into 19 groups subdivided by calorie and protein densities. Cluster analysis differentiated urban and rural infants by their feeding patterns, and generated several groups with noteworthy differences in consumption of key food groups, nutrient levels and socioeconomic status. Results of this analysis provide convincing evidence of the potential valu...


Jean QUILLIEN: G. von Humboldt et la linguistique generale. The conception of the sign as the central element of language is a constant feature in the history of language theories and becomes essential with Saussure who, by considering the arbitrary sign, the semiotic unit, as the theoretical matrix of the science of language, lays the foundations of modern structural linguistics, which he situates within the general field of semiology. G. von Humboldt, who was the theoretical source of nineteenth century historical and comparative linguistics, developed a theory of language that took structural analysis into account. Language is ergon, ; a system of signs, and the word, bringing together signifiant and signifie, ; is the semiotic unit; this, however, is only one dimension, and not the most important. In order to understand language, semiotic analysis must give way to semantic analysis. The definition of language as a semiotic system is only the condition of speech, and not speech itself; it is a virtuality and is not actualized, whereas speech is essentially ; in actu. Language should not be considered separately from its realization in discourse, that is, the discourse of an actual speaker in a given culture, the member of a community and heir to its history. In short, language is in essence energeia, an infinite production of meaning, and every language includes a certain view of the world. Humboldt tried therefore to account for the two dimensions of language, the semiotic and the semantic, the former being subordinate to the latter. If it is the word sign which is the keyword for Saussure, in the case of Humboldt it is the word meaning.


This paper will analyse narratives of Croatian migrants who have recently moved to Germany. I will pay attention to how these migrants explain their reasons for migration, and how they sketch their current and future life. Even though they come from different Croatian towns and with different backgrounds in terms of age, gender, education and family life, I will focus on several similar narrative junctions. I will be interested in the ways these people articulate and explain their migration trajectories, and in doing so how they connect, compare and contrast the two countries – Croatia and Germany. Furthermore, I will examine how they narrate their personal changes caused by migration, how they perceive their personal well-being, and how they speak about their plans. In this way, I want to show how the broader economic, social and political context is intertwined with personal decisions, feelings, plans and actions. I will pay special attention to the motif of "normal" and "fulfilling" life ; I intend to focus on questions such as how the notion of "normal" life is constructed and explained, how the life should look like to be named as "fulfilling", and how the feeling of personal satisfaction is defined and achieved. Since the fieldwork on which I base my presentation was conducted in collaboration with Croatian artist Tonka Malekovic, I will also describe and analyse her artistic work on the topic of Croatian migrants in Germany.


Aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) have found various applications in bioseparations and microencapsulation. The primary goal of this technique is to partition target biomolecules in a preferred phase, rich in one of the phase‐forming components. However, there is a lack of understanding of biomolecule behavior at the interface between the two phases. Biomolecule partitioning behavior is studied using tie‐lines (TL), where each TL is a group of systems at thermodynamic equilibrium. Across a TL, a system can either have a bulk PEG‐rich phase with citrate‐rich droplets, or the opposite can occur. We found that porcine parvovirus (PPV) was recovered at a higher amount when PEG was the bulk phase and citrate was in droplets and that the salt and PEG concentrations are high. To improve the recovery, A PEG 10 kDa‐peptide conjugate was formed using the multimodal WRW ligand. When WRW was present, less PPV was caught at the interface of the two‐phase system, and more was recovered in the PEG‐rich phase. While WRW did not significantly increase the PPV recovery in the high TL system, which was found earlier to be optimal for PPV recovery, the peptide did greatly enhance recovery at a lower TL. This lower TL has a lower viscosity and overall system PEG and citrate concentration. The results provide both a method to increase virus recovery in a lower viscosity system, as well as provide interesting thoughts into the interfacial phenomenon and how to recover virus in a phase and not at the interface.


its Experiment in Hardware-in-the-loop System Yongqiang Liu1,2, Shaopu Yang1* ,Yiwei Zhao3, Ya Li2 1 State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior in Traffic Engineering Structure and System Safety, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R.China 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R.China 3 School of Traffic and Transportation, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R.China Abstract. For the yaw dampers of a railway vehicle, it's a contradiction of lateral stability on tangent railway and safety while passing a curve track. A new semi-active control method of yaw damper is proposed to overcome this problem. The new method adjust the damping coefficient according to track condition, namely tangent track and curve track. A simplified two freedom dynamics model of single wheelset with two yaw dampers is built to test the proposed control strategy. Then, a whole railway vehicle model is used to simulated, and the comprehensive dynamic performance is analyzed when the proposed control method is carried out. At last, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental system with two magnetorheological (MR) dampers is used to verified the simulation results. According the simulation and experimental results, the new semi-active control of yaw dampers proposed in the paper can ensure the safety ability and lateral stability of the highspeed railway vehicle at a time.


[Objective] The research aimed to investigate organophosphorous pesticide residue quantity in vegetables sold in Nanchang City.[Method] 194 samples in summer of 2004,190 samples in summer of 2006 and 140 samples in summer of 2008 were collected from the fixed area respectively to detect the residue quantity of organophosphorous pesticide.The samples with over standard content(by using enzyme inhibition method) were detected by using gas chromatography in 2008.[Result] The over-standard rate of organophosphorous pesticide in vegetables sold in Nanchang City in 2004,2006 and 2008 were 37.6%,9.5% and 3.6% respectively.By using gas chromatography,the detection results showed that the vegetable samples with the over standard content in 2008 did not contain these five kinds of organophosphorous pesticides(methamidophos,monocrotophos,parathion-methyl,parathion,phosphamidon) forbidden by national law.[Conclusion] The residue quantity of organophosphorous pesticides in vegetables showed a significantly decrease trend.


A new species of stigmaeid mite (Acari: Stigmaeidae) Agistemus paraguariensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, based on specimens collected on yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) (Aquifoliaceae). A key to Brazilian species of the genus is provided. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D92FFB81-BD07-414E-A7B0-DDAA6C71CE52


Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumour (PMT) is a very rare benign neoplasm. Weinder and Santa Cruz first used the acronym PMT in 1987, due to the histological polymorphism shown by the neoplasm. About 95% of PMT involves bones and only 5% involves ENT districts. The clinical picture of PMT is characterized by TIO or tumour-induced osteomalacia, which causes bone pain, muscular weakness and pathological fractures and causes symptoms that can vary, depending on the location. The knowledge of the biological process of this rare neoplasm is therefore crucial to treat it. Due to its local aggressiveness, there is indication for a surgical resection with clean surgical margins. The surgical treatment firstly aims at reducing local aggressiveness, limiting the invasion to the adjacent structures, such as the base of the skull, orbit or palate and, as a consequence, the paraneoplastic syndrome induced by the tumour with its sequences. Most described PMT cases are benign, even though some episodes of malignant transformation with distance metastasis were registered. The cases linked to head and neck district were stratified per location and the cases that involved other sections were not considered.


A general non-linear regression model-based Bayesian inference approach is used in our ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) study. In the sampling of posterior distribution, two prior models - continuous Gaussian and discrete categorical - are used for the scale parameter. How to judge Goodness-of-Fit (GOF) of each model and how to criticize these two models, Deviance statistics and Deviance information criterion (DIC) are adopted to address these problems. Model fit and model selection focus on the adequacy of models. Judging model adequacy is essentially measuring agreement of model and observations. Deviance statistics and DIC provide overall measures on model fit and selection. In order to investigate model fit at each category of observations, we find that the cumulative, exponential contributions from individual observations to Deviance statistics are good estimates of FPF (false positive fraction) and TPF (true positive fraction) on which the ROC curve is based. This finding further leads to a new measure for model fit, called FPF-TPF distance, which is an Euclidean distance defined on FPF-TPF space. It combines both local and global fitting. Deviance statistics and FPFTPF distance are shown to be consistent and in good agreement. Theoretical derivation and numerical simulations for this new method for model fit and model selection of ROC data analysis are included. Keywords: General non-linear regression model, Bayesian Inference, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, Goodness-of-Fit (GOF), Model selection, Deviance statistics, Deviance information criterion (DIC), Continuous conjugate prior, Discrete categorical prior. ∗


The sequential procedure for testing up to k upper outliers proposed by Kimber (1982) for one-parameter exponential distribution is modified to a two-parameter exponential distribution. Further null distributions of some test statistics for an upper outlier-pair in a complete or censored sample from a two-parameter exponential distribution are given. Percentage points of the statistic T1 are tabulated.


This study presents an enhanced homodyne laser vibrometer with adaptability to reflectivity. The reflectivity could be quite different when measuring different target, which caused the variation of the intensity of the interference signals. In order to enhance the measurement range for the reflectivity of the target, an auto-gain module, which could enlarge the interference signals to an optimal range of the analog-to-digital converter, is implemented in the signal-processing card. The intensity of the interference signals could be calculated in the auto-gain module, and then amplified according to a predetermined rule by using programmable gain amplifiers. The experimental results indicated that the laser vibrometer proposed is capable of measuring vibration with surface reflectivity down to 0.08%.


The randomized trial by Washburn et al. (1) in this issue of Obesity concluded that there was no association between dose of exercise and prevention of weight regain following clinically relevant weight loss. This study compared the effects of three doses of exercise (150, 225, and 300 minutes per week), combined with a 12-month behavioral weight loss maintenance intervention, and reported that weight regain was 1.1 ± 6.5 kg, 3.2 ± 5.7 kg, and 2.8 ± 6.9 kg, respectively, across these exercise conditions. These findings are of clinical importance because they support that moderate levels of exercise, rather than higher levels of exercise that have been recommended (2), combined with a weight loss maintenance intervention can be effective.


The hereditary spastic paraplegias(HSPs) are a group of inherited human neurological disorders causing increased stiffness and overactive muscle reflexes.Among genes underlying HSPs,Atlastin encodes a protein with a typical GTP binding(GBP) domain and two adjacent transmembrane regions.Atlastin is located on membranes of Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum,involving in vesicle trafficking.By searching against the silkworm(Bombyx mori) genome sequence,we identified 4 Atlastin genes,designated as BmATL1 to BmATL4,on the basis of homology analysis with Atlastin genes from Homo sapiens and Drosophila melanogaster.All four BmATLs have a conserved dynamin-like GBP domain,among which BmATL1 and BmATL2 have a molecular mass of about 60 kD with two adjacent transmembrane regions,and BmATL3 and BmATL4 have a molecular mass of about 85 kD without transmembrane region.Expression pattern analyses revealed that BmATL1 and BmATL2 were lowly expressed in all tissues of silkworm larvae on day 3 of the 5th instar,while BmATL3 and BmATL4 were highly expressed in silkworm hemocytes.The above analyses suggest that BmATL1 is similar to Atlastin of H.sapiens and D.melanogaster in molecular mass,structural domains,and expression pattern.


Controller Area Network (CAN) is an effective choice for the automotive industries due to its simplicity, low cost nature, decrease of wiring density and in addition to that it provide connectivity with multiple nodes with single wiring pair. This paper aims in describing an ARM 7 LPC 2129 based Temperature measurement system with Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. Objective of this paper is to construct a hardware proposal for communication between nodes with CAN bus. A Node to Node communication link has been established which are connected via CAN bus so as to observe and control the temperature values transferring on the CAN bus and send the command signals onto the another node. The hardware boards are designed to be capable of supporting high speed bit rate up to 1Mbps. The CAN communication module can transmit or receive data following CAN Protocol. With the help of the software used, the CAN-BUS communication would be clear to the nodes of the ARM 7 Controllers in the system. The software part is done in KEIL microvision-4 using Embedded -C.


Introduce typical lignite drying and distillation upgrading technologies as well as their advantages and disadvantages.Investigate the development situation of Chinese lignite upgrading market and major lignite distillation process,and sum up China lignite upgrading industry's development situation.The number of China lignite upgrading projects have significantly increased from 2008 to 2012,while lignite drying items basically remain stable,and most are used in pithead power plants.The total number and investment of lignite upgrading project appears low point in 2010,while China lignite upgrading project investment grow exponentially after 2011.The major lignite disitillation processes include Guofu lignite upgrading technology,LCC lignite upgrading technology,DG lignite upgrading technology,ZDL lignite upgrading technology and the like.Compare the application status of these technologies.Describe the development trend of Chinese lignite upgrading technology,which is reducing direct combustion consumption,making increased use of lignite upgrading,especially distillation upgrading,improving lignite cascade utilization level,developing large-scale lignite upgrading equipment systems.


Pattern recognition has been used and developed as a process of advanced analysis of acoustic signal. Designing a robust pattern recognition system involves three fundamental tasks: signal pre-processing, feature extraction and selection, and finally classifier design and optimization. This paper reports on an application to detect and monitor conditions of a large, water-filled siphon used in underground tunnels. Acoustic signals were collected from 4 hydrophones under various typical siphon conditions and used as input data to study the variation of the acoustic field. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was used in feature extraction and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classification was applied. Subsequently, the system was tested on new unknown data and compared with supervised training samples. The results demonstrated that the acoustic sensors have high reproducibility for collecting signals under operational conditions. The pattern recognition system is also capable of discriminating different pipe conditions but further refinement is needed to improve sensitivity and to compensate for the effect of variable water level and sensor misalignment.


A one-step introduction of functional defects into a photonic crystal (PC) is demonstrated. By using a multi-beam phasecontrolled holographic lithography and a diffracting optical element, large area one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) PCs with periodic waveguide were fabricated. The uniform area is up to 4 mm2, and tens of waveguide have been introduced in the one dimension and two dimension PC structure. This technique gives rise to a substantial reduction of the fabrication complexity and a significant improvement on the accuracy of the functional defects in photonic crystals. This method can also been used to design and fabricate metamaterials.


The paper proposes a novel algorithm for optimal load shedding using fuzzy decision tree. In non-correctable emergency, the remedy is load shedding. The presented algorithm is computationally efficient and can be utilised for online voltage security enhancement. It is based on fuzzy decision tree. Due to the feature selection approach of decision trees the method is fast enough for online load shedding of power system. The scheme is based on the notion of the static voltage stability margin. The work presents the load shedding approach for all credible line outages. The result shows the fast and accurate conversion of 'insecure' cases to 'secure' cases for a credible contingency condition. The initial database is prepared by wide variations of loading conditions at all the load buses using traditional approach of continuation power flow method. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm of load shedding is tested using IEEE-30 bus system.


This research aiming to find out the motivation of tourist to visiting attractions of Teluk Palu in Palu City. The approach used in this research is quantitative, by using data processing methods is frequency distribution for grouping categories according to needs variables and  descriptive exploratory analysis for exposure image of the phenomenon in this case to find out the aspects that can direct visitors to a tourist destination. Preferences of visitors against the Teluk Palu tourist attraction arise from various aspects, ranging from a wide variation of tourist attractions on offer, the vitality of a tourist area, easy accessibility and affordability of distance and cost by visitors so that they are motivated and love to do tourism activities in the Gulf region of Palu. In addition, associated with fondness or option of tourist attraction that favored as well as the assessment of the quality of the visitor attraction Teluk Palu. There are huge expectations from  visitors to the progress and development of the tourist areas, as well as a requirement that  must be fulfilled, so the involvement of government, community, and other tourism  stakeholders is needed in the planning, development and proper management of aspects that  support the Teluk Palu tourism activities.


Aviation deregulation is usually a challenging and demanding task, and accession to the European Union requires that all candidate states should harmonize their legislation in the context of the European Common Aviation Area. Malta and Cyprus, the small Mediterranean island states that joined the European Union in 2004 will have to abandon any protectionist policies in favor of their flag-carriers and let them survive in a liberal framework. The paper discusses the implications of this regime change for civil aviation in Malta and Cyprus, and in addition to the airline industry, it also examines the impacts on the complementary tourism sector. Unless carrying capacity limits are understood, the islands may become victims of successful airline liberalization. The paper concludes by stressing the need for sustainable development and active policymaking.


It is offered to reveal short circuits in buses, and prevent excessive protection operations by single phase-to-ground failure in scheme 3/2 executing checking of the currents and their directions using logic algebra. It is shown how to check operability of relays and leads.


This paper presents a new design strategy for S-LCC type compensation network in Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems. It was found that four resonant elements (three capacitors and one inductor) can compose two symmetric T type resonant tanks, which is well-known for its impedance transformation characteristic and reciprocity between voltage source and current source. A simplified analytical technique is used to calculate the voltage gain and parameters for each resonant element. Besides, the proposed tuning method for S-LCC network has negligible response to high-order harmonics, allowing wide range of output voltage regulation and easy implementation of ZVS. To verify the analysis, a prototype with 20mm gap was fabricated and tested. An overall efficiency 86% was achieved from DC 60V to DC 24V.


(1)The aging sequences are distinguished by the intersection temperature in the C-curve diagram. Below about 100°C, the nucleation rate largely depends on the quenching rate, the concentration of zinc and the small amount of silver (0.04wt%). (2) In the C-curves which were obtained by plotting the incubation time against the reciprocal of the absolute aging temperature, the nose or the lower part of it gives an optimum condition for the pre-aging. As regards the direct aging and the


This paper deals with the design of a sliding perturbation estimator (SPE) with an improved adaptation law for the upper bound on the norm of perturbation. The proposed SPE, referred to as IMP-based SPE, is based on the internal model principle and can thus achieve robust asymptotic perturbation estimation whereas the conventional SPE leads to nonzero estimation error to a time-varying perturbation. Besides, while the conventional SPE needs a switching gain greater than the magnitude of an unknown perturbation, the proposed IMP-based SPE design releases this constraint and requires only a small switching gain as compared with the conventional design, further alleviating the chattering phenomenon. Moreover, in contrast with the previous bound estimation law that inevitably yields a nondecreasing switching gain, an improved estimation law is proposed to reduce the switching gain and thus the chatter whenever appropriate. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through experimental studies of the track-following system of an optical disk drive suffering from significant disk runout.


The article introduces the structure construction of control theory instruction system platform, which bases on the multimedia LAN technology .It states the characters and features of the system platform in automation control system instruction,and puts forward new education model-"theory+practice+ability". Moreover, the structure construction idea of this instruction system platform is commonly used in the other field and it indicates the way for them in some aspects.


Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are designed for sensing the patient vital signs and forward the data to medical doctors or medical centers for further process. The small size intelligent sensor nodes are planted inside or outside the human body for various real-time healthcare and fitness applications. Due to body movement and interference in networks, the data communication has suffered to fulfill the quality of services requirements in terms of in time data delivery and energy consumption. In this paper, we propose an Energy and Link Aware Routing Protocol (ELA-RP) for next hop selection. Proposed protocol calculates the neighbor nodes parameters including energy level and link quality. It further balances the energy consumption and minimizes the data delay and maximizes the data delivery in the network. Extensive simulations experiments were performed to analyze the performance of proposed protocol with existing protocol. Simulation results indicated that proposed protocol has better mechanism to handle data routing and better in terms of energy consumption, data delivery and average delay.


A model of gravity waves in the dust plasma has been built, and the dispersion relation was obtained. The analyses of it have been made in the dusty plasma layer at the mesopause above the polar region. Propagation properties of gravity waves in the stratified dust plasma have been studied. The results show that dust plasma changes the dispersion relation of the gravity waves, restricts the propagation of the gravity waves of small horizontal wave numbers, changes the wave energy property, and decreases the amplification of the gravity wave's amplitude when it propagates upwards in the asymmetric atmosphere. When the gravity waves propagate in the stratified dust plasma it can be reflected and leads energy focusing which may cause turbulence. The irregularity of the electron created by the turbulence could be the mechanics of PMSEs above the polar region.


The Power of Everyday Politics: How Vietnamese Peasants Transformed National Policy. By Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005. 320p. $39.95. Short of rebelling, how do powerless peasants under a domineering Stalinist state influence policy? Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet's book offers not only a persuasive answer to this question but also a useful theoretical framework for understanding the power of "everyday politics."


In general, an uncontrolled environment may contain degradation components like background noise, speech from other speakers etc. along with required speech components. It is very tough to concentr ...


The goal of this article is to explore multi-voicedness in the context of public research institutes by using actual strategy discussions as data. Based on the tradition of dialogism, we conceptualize strategy meetings as multi-voiced organizational discourses, which are formed of different interacting and developing voices. Methodologically, the purpose of our article is to extend the three-step method on the multi-voicedness of the self to the group context formed by many interacting and even opposite voices. This analysis aims to identify how the members of strategy meetings use we-mode positioning while discussing strategy issues as well as the main thematic topics of strategy talk. Three different strategy discourses were identified: (a) we-as-public-research-institution, (b) we-as-users-of-performance-indicators, and (c) we-as-part-of-organizational-communication-and-public-relations. Our study aims to contribute to the methodological discussion on dialogical research regarding the adaptation of the previously developed three-step method by analyzing multi-voicedness in management board meetings.


Moffat et al. examined the association between Alzheimer disease (AD) risk and endogenous total and free testosterone before diagnosis in 574 men from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Increased free testosterone index (FTI) but not total testosterone was associated with decreased risk of AD after covariate adjustment (26% reduction per 10 nmol/nmol increase in FTI).

see page 188

Paoletti et al. found that androgen bioavailability was lower in 96 lean elderly subjects with AD than in 104 age-matched lean control subjects. Thus endocrine pattern may impair cognitive function and may be dependent on increased sex hormone binding globulin levels.

see page 301

The accompanying editorial by Henderson and Hogervorst points out that testosterone reduces formation of s-amyloid and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in animal models of AD and may enhance specific cognitive skills in men. For hypogonadal men who are otherwise healthy, they note the possibility that interventions to increase free testosterone could reduce their risk of developing AD. However, whether testosterone might actually reduce AD incidence for hypogonadal men …


Information Communication Technology (ICT) and informatics has been emerged as technologies that support in decision making for agricultural production. These technologies can also be applied to manage risks in agriculture due to climate variability and climate change. The aim of this research was to provide development perspectives of a user-friendly information system developed by Natural Resource Management Centre for selecting suitable crops against agro-ecological variation at Grama Niladhari division (GN) level using ICT and Geo-informatic techniques for decision making in crop production. The 'Merise method' was used to design the conceptual data model. Microsoft Access 2007 software was used to develop geodatabase as Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) to store spatial and non-spatial data. The special data was integrated into arcgis software for thematic map generation. The "CROPREC" desktop software was developed for offline access while web portal was developed to online access using geo-database for this information system, which provides location based agriculture information. A user-friendly interface allows easy entry, viewing, querying and analyzing agricultural information geographically for better decision making. The study concludes that spatial reference data application benefits for planning to increase crop production in farming.


The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of limb-activating strategy using either a rote activity or a meaningful activity (animal-assisted therapy) in the treatment of an individual with unilateral spatial neglect. An ABCA single-subject design was used. The participant was a 61 year old male who was eight years post-stroke. A test battery (Baking Tray Task, Star Cancellation Test and Line Bisection Test) was used to assess the participant's level of neglect during baseline and intervention phases. Results indicated that the participant's Baking Tray Task score showed improvements from baseline during both the meaningful and rote activity phases. The Line Bisection score showed improvements from baseline during both intervention phases, but the meaningful activity phase showed a greater improvement. The Star Cancellation Test showed minimal changes between baseline and both intervention phases. These findings suggest that the limb-activating strategy, used in combination with either a rote activity or meaningful activity, shows some improvement in the recovery of unilateral spatial neglect. However, further research is needed to get a better understanding of the impact of using limb activation strategy with meaningful activities on the recovery of individuals with unilateral spatial neglect. Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), more commonly known as strokes, are the third leading cause of death and a leading cause of disability in the U.S. (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2010). Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) can occur as a result of a stroke and is when a person with a brain lesion neglects the visual field space contralateral to the lesion (Heilman, Watson, & Valenstein, 2003). It has been found that about 43% of people with a right brain-lesion have USN (Ringman, Saver, Woolson, Clarke & Adams, 2004). Specifically, lesions of the inferior parietal lobe, dorsolateral frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus, neostriatum, thalamus and posterior limb of the internal capsule have been indicated as more likely to cause neglect (Heilman et al., 2003). This type of impairment can have a devastating effect on a person's abilities to independently perform functional activities such as eating, Different treatment modalities have been investigated over the years for helping a person to recover the ability to attend to the neglected side. Visual occlusion is one such treatment that involves placing a patch over half of each glasses lens on the non-neglected visual field, forcing the patient to attend to the neglected visual field side (Freeman, 2001). Scanning training is another popular …


Land reclamation in abandoned mining area can realize the sustainable utilization of waste resources,and it is the main way of increment of land resources in the developed area.However,the phenomenon likes land reclamation once again,second pollution as well as alien invasive species is appeared because of lack of correct relation of waste land in mining area on implementation process.Based on analysis of different environmental problems of reclamation land in mining area,we put forward some suggestions including perfecting policy and rules,paying attention to the safe of ecological environment as well as the protection and development of relic resources in mining wasteland,establishing industrialization model of land reclamation,etc.


Coefficients of Effective Length (CEL's) derived from the Spear-man-Brown formula can be an effective tool in assessing the net worth of an altered measurement procedure. Under certain conditions, however, a validity CEL can produce highly misleading results. A modified coefficient is suggested for use when empirical studies indicate that underlying assumptions have been violated.


October 2018 • Volume 127 • Number 4 www.anesthesia-analgesia.org 823 DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003697 Interpersonal and communication skills are not only a core competency for all residents1 but also an essential attribute for success as an anesthesiologist. But, while residents are supposed to be proficient in these skills, when and how do trainees actually learn them? All too often, these skills are not actively taught—instead trusting that they will be learned "on the job" through osmosis during residency training. The problem is not only that anesthesiology residents are exposed to operating room (OR) confrontation on an almost daily basis but also they may observe diverse (sometimes ill fated) approaches at conflict resolution in the absence of the needed background to understand what techniques will be most effective in a given situation. Communications and leadership workshops have been advocated by other specialties,1,2 and some preliminary work on communication skills development, conflict management, and leadership training has been reported in the anesthesiology literature.3,4 That said, we believe that not enough attention has been paid to this important area— especially in light of the worst-kept secret in medicine— ORs are often the epicenter of conflict in hospitals where the historic hierarchical culture can magnify the impact of stress, time pressure, economic demands, and deteriorating patient conditions. As examples of daily conflict in the OR, one needs to look no further than the choice and volume of music being played or the temperature setting. If effective approaches for dealing with difficult OR situations are to be developed, then a starting point should be for anesthesiologists and those in training to become anesthesiologists to better understand who they are and how they routinely handle adversarial situations. Many strategies exist: too assertive, they might escalate OR confrontation; too compromising, parties might not be able to appropriately advocate for the patient; and too accommodating, they might pay the steep price of reinforcing unacceptable OR behaviors while losing sight of patient priorities. So how are anesthesiologists to learn various styles of conflict management and how to use them? Vasilopoulos et al5 have opened an important door to understanding OR conflict management by assessing conflict styles in fledgling anesthesiology residents. However, their findings, while interesting, are somewhat inconclusive. First, the cohort tested was first-year (PGY-1) anesthesiology residents. It is unclear how much (if any) actual OR time these interns had experienced, and thus this study may be seen more as a view of recently graduated medical students pursuing a career in anesthesiology than those with various degrees of advanced training in the specialty. Other complexities of conflict resolution are also unaddressed. For instance, previous reports have suggested differences in behavior patterns between faculty and residents, and it has been previously reported that resident styles may change as their training advances.2 Furthermore, we know that gender impacts many layers of conflict dynamics, but the authors did not explore or address potential gender differences. Thus, more data are clearly necessary for those seeking answers about improving communication styles among anesthesia providers. Indeed, it would be interesting for these authors to follow this specific cohort of residents during their training to see if their styles evolve as their training progresses. Second, the approach used in this article might suggest a one-size-fits-all approach to communication and conflict management in the OR. It is interesting to note that Vasilopoulos et al5 found that most PGY-1 residents tend to resolve conflict using either an accommodating or a compromising style the most and a competing style the least. But attending physicians and other professionals interacting with anesthesiology residents should recognize that most individuals use an array of conflict-resolution styles depending on specific circumstances, hierarchical power, the perceived intensity of the issue, and a host of other factors. Furthermore, no one particular style is intrinsically superior or inferior to another. Indeed, each resolution mode has potential benefits and risks. For instance, a compromising style may be the most efficient pathway to reach a resolution under intense time pressure but may also represent the default option if 2 parties have significantly different power hierarchies. Avoidance is another technique that could represent the likelihood that other parties (eg, To Thine Own Self Be True: A First Step Toward Learning How Anesthesiologists Deal With Adversity in the Operating Room


Homonym correction plays an important role in post-processing for large vocabulary continuous Chinese speech recognition. A solution to homonym correction based on Chinese phrase structure grammar is presented in this paper. By maximally matching the structure rule in syntax dictionary with the every possible path in the input text incrementally, the solution checks out the homonymous errors in Chinese characters sequence and correct them. At last, correct Chinese characters sequence is obtained.


According to the comparison analysis of the test data and defects collected in the old substation for many years,quality of insulators of different brands is classified,and problems of insulators in old substations have been found out.The conclusion is that running insulator at zero and low rate is relatively lower than that on transmission lines in the substations.A reform program about alteration of the old insulators for the future is brought forward to those old substations in Shanxi.


& Glucokinase hyperinsulinism is a rare variant of congenital hyperinsulinism caused by activating mutations in the glucokinase gene and has been reported so far to be a result of overactivity of glucokinase within the pancreatic β -cell. Here we report on a new patient with di ffi culties to diagnose persistent hyperinsulinism


The expansion of ways to produce and distribute online media contents in the culture and arts industry has brought about a shift in the digital media contents paradigm. In performing arts industry, too, various attempts are being actively made to produce and distribute various contents combined with digital media. In the field of theatre art, videos and digital images that stress the scenographic characteristics of theatre art to realize a work as a miseenscene that is implicit and symbolic are being produced as new contents. University education in the field of theatre art, there is a necessity to develop a curriculum to enhance practical capacities equipped with convergent and age-responsive characteristics which combines creative contents of stage art with digital media and tries the multilateral use of digitalized contents. Accordingly, this study is aimed to develop a curriculum for the subject of props design, one of the areas of theatre art, as a major course of theatre art in universities by connecting education on theatre art design, education on production and practice, and education on the convergence of digital media and analyze the actual case of operation.


Two different bacteriophages, FE5-B1 and Z63-B1, active against strains of Lactobacillus fermentum were isolated from a sample of sour dough of a regional wheat bread. They showed different host specificities when tested against 58 strains of obligately heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, as well as differences in adsorption and one-step growth kinetics. The burst size of FE5-B1 was about 100 pfu cell−1. This phage belonged to the A1 morphotype of Myoviridae family, having an icosahedral head (83 nm diam.) and a sheathed contractile tail (170 nm in length). The phage consisted of five major structural proteins and had a genome of 86 kbp. Z63-B1 showed a burst size of 10 pfu cell−1 and belonged to the B1 morphotype or Siphoviridae family. Z63-B1 had an isometric head (60 nm diam.) and a non-contractile tail (160 nm in length), with eight major different structural proteins and a genome of 32 kbp.


Aspergillus species are pollutants found in both food and air. The increase in the metabolic activity of Aspergillus leads to spoilage of foodstuffs and large economic losses. In addition, some Aspergillus species have the ability to produce aflatoxins and ochratoxins, secondary metabolites called, namely, mycotoxins. Especially mycotoxins are very important in terms of food safety and human health. Since the protection of human and animal health and the prevention of economic losses is a very important issue, our study aimed to determine the antifungal activity of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb., Cinnamomum sp., Mentha piperita L. and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils (EO) against Aspergillus niger Tiegh. NRRL 321 strain. In the second step, MIC and MFC values of EOs were determined. It was determined that the MIC value of Cinnamomum sp, Mentha piperita and Thymus vulgaris EOs was 0.01 µl/ml, and Eugenia caryophyllata EO was 0.5 µl/ml. It was determined that Eugenia caryophyllata, Mentha piperita and Thymus vulgaris EOs completely inhibited radial colony growth at MIC, 2 x MIC and 4 x MIC values. It was determined that the inhibition of radial growth of Cinnamomum sp. EO varies depending on the concentration, and the inhibition rate increases as the concentration increases. As a result, evaluations should be made considering the in vivo conditions that the tested EOs showed strong antifungal activity against the Aspergillus niger strain.


Economic growth is said to be pro-poor if the poverty measure adopted falls with increased growth rate. Poverty researchers have investigated this phenomenon mainly in the context of income poverty. The fact that poverty goes beyond income has received little attention. This study appreciates the multidimensional nature of poverty. It sees poverty in its non-income dimension, highlights the concept of pro-poor growth, and also empirically analyzes if economic growth in Nigeria is, or could be, pro-poor. In our empirical analysis a vector autoregressive model was formulated and estimated within an error correction framework. Within this framework, we have analyzed annual time series data to capture, quantitatively, the effects on human-capital poverty of economic growth and other control variables, both in the short- and long-term. Results showed that in the medium-to-long term, agricultural development raised human capital poverty, while developing the other sectors of the economy reduced it. In the short-term, public capital expenditure on social services, including credit to the agricultural sector, and agricultural development generally, showed a potential to reduce poverty. Public capital expenditure on economic services, growth in the non-agricultural sector of the economy, and increased urbanization intensified the incidence of human capital poverty. These results indicate that government expenditures on human capital development through the social services sector tend to reduce human-capital poverty. They underscore the desirability of adequate capital expenditures on education and health; and also suggest the need for enhancing the pace of rural transportation with a view to creating non-agricultural employment opportunities and minimize the rate of urban growth. Key words: Economic growth, Pro-poor growth, Human-capital poverty, Public expenditure, Urbanization.


We report a passively mode-locked fiber laser using a 30-cm long newly developed Tm-doped silicate glass fiber. The mode-locked pulses operate at 1980 nm with duration of 1.5 ps and energy of 0.76 nJ.


participation is the practice of communal solidarity to address and fulfill this shared sense of destiny and purpose in order to create a more liveable world (223–25). Finally, Douglas cites King's understanding of "moral imagination" as a necessary component of the sustaining power of the Black faith tradition. Moral imagination is rooted in eschatological hope – an unyielding belief in the eternal arc of God's law over against the falsity of stand-your-ground culture (226). Douglas ends the text on a pastoral tone that also smacks of a jeremiad – noting that ours is a "kairos time" – a time for the nation to "engage in soul searching to discern how we have gotten to this place in our society so that we can get to a better place" (227). Douglas has done a wonderful job of artfully weaving together some very complicated topics within her theological response to anti-Black, state-sanctioned violence. She provides a snapshot of the historical and philosophical constructions of Whiteness and the Black body, articulates the meaning of justice and hope in the absurdity of stand-your-ground culture, and finally, highlights the centrality of Black religious faith as a connective fabric within America's reversal of its racial legacy. Stand Your Ground is a timely text for all religious and theological scholars who seek to interpret the meaning, purpose, and response of religious faith to the despairing realities of Black suffering in an increasingly accepted culture of American violence.


A substantial body of published work finds that seemingly trivial changes in question wording or the way an issue is framed can substantially affect the attitudes people report on surveys. We report findings from a survey of Cook County residents where seemingly strong issue framing treatments that varied the stated purpose of welcoming ordinance provisions failed to affect reported attitudes. We find no effect in the aggregate, nor do we find effects among demographic or other seemingly relevant subgroups. The findings illustrate the important but often overlooked fact that varying how an issue is framed does not always affect reported attitudes.


The present contribution addresses the question whether and how qualitative aspects of employment---like weekly hours of work, wages or qualification---differ between new and established firms. Although a wide strand of literature in entrepreneurship research analyses the employment effects of start-ups vs. incumbent firms, our knowledge about differences in these qualitative aspects of employment is rather poor. Labour market research, on the other hand, has been thoroughly accounting for the consequences of technological and organisational change on the characteristics and turnover of jobs, but it rarely has been attempting to consider the relevance of firm entry. Based on the Establishment History Panel, a plant-level dataset constructed from employment information and comprising nearly the entire German economy, we find significant differences between new and incumbent firms with respect to employment quality. Surprisingly, the difference regarding the share of high-qualified labour is---though highly significant---not as high as commonly expected.


Penicillin amidohydrolase [EC 220.127.116.11] was used to resolve stereoisomers of a β-amino acid ester (ethyl 3-amino-5-(tri-methylsilyl)-4-pentynoate) by phenylacetylation. After screening commercially available sources of the immobilized enzyme, one was found to be significantly more efficient, and this was developed at 1-L scale reaction. The effects of phenylacetic acid concentration, β-amino acid ester concentration, and pH on bioconversion rates and side reactions were examined. The enzymatic reaction was monitored off-line by naphthoylation of samples and chiral analytical chromatography. The best conditions for the bioconversion were pH 5.7, 28 °C, and 14 000 units of enzyme activity per liter. The phenylacetic acid concentration was set at 50 g/L (0.37 M), and the amine at 100 g/L (0.47 M). Under these conditions, yields of the desired (S)-amino acid ester were on the order of 90% with ee's of 95% or greater in less than 12 h. This process, along with a slight modification, was tested through 15 cycle...


This paper presents an improved method for presenting torque rheometer data as it applies to rigid PVC extrusion compounds. During extrusion of rigid PVC, the compound is subjected to various degrees of heating, shearing, and compres sion. Three-dimensional torque rheometry mapping can provide the rigid PVC formulator with greater insights into how a rigid PVC compound will perform on production extrusion equipment. hree-dimensional graphics take advantage of the human mind's remarkable ability to draw quali tative information and understanding from visual images. The visual impact of multidimensional graphs allows us to intuitively understand the nu merous dimensions of nature and the interrelation ships of time and space. Three-dimensional presen tations of torque rheometry data should allow us to more easily comprehend and understand the com plex relationships among time, temperature, shear, and rigid PVC fusion and melt properties. Adding a new dimension to torque rheometry graphics may substantially improve our ability to characterize and solve extrusion processing problems using torque rheometry and greatly enhance the probability of success when taking new rigid PVC compounds out of the laboratory and into the plant. Scaling up from the laboratory to production equipment is not an exact science. When scaling up, the probability of success depends in great part on an intuitive under standing of a compound's rheology as well as the processing characteristics and requirements of the extruders, tooling, and products.


Robust optimization is being used in metal forming processes to select the design which is least sensitive to the presence of uncertainty in the input parameters. In most cases, a mathematical surrogate model is built via input data and resulting output obtained from finite element simulations. The influence of uncertainty in input parameters is then considered using a large number of function evaluations via Monte Carlo analysis with a given probabilistic distribution. Although this method is quite fast and simple, it needs a lot of function evaluations to increase accuracy. This random sampling is neither efficient nor reproducible. A new approach is used to calculate the uncertainty propagation analytically. Compared to conventional Monte Carlo approach this method is accurate, fast, stable, and efficient. In addition, it is possible to employ this method with different types of probability distributions and most commonly-used metamodels. To show the applicability of this method in robust optimization process, a stretch-bending process is investigated with two design and two noise variables. Comparing the results obtained by Monte Carlo and the analytical approach shows that different Monte Carlo runs lead to fluctuations around the exact analytical solution. In addition, the analytical approach reduces the evaluation time of finding the robust optimum to a great extent.


Field theoretical calculations of the order parameter profile in the critical adsorption problem in binary fluids are discussed. The irrelevance of van der Waals interactions with the wall and the validity of the strong adsorption limit are established. Results are compared with those of other existing approaches.


Abstract This paper examines the impact of negative commodity price shocks on financial sector stability in selected Southern African countries, namely Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Using multivariate panel data regression analysis, with fixed effects from 2000 to 2015, the study shows that commodity price downturns result in increased non-performing loans and reduced bank profitability. Specifically, negative commodity price shocks reduce profitability as measured by the return on assets and return on equity. In addition, the study shows that there is an adverse impact on financial sector conditions, using a financial condition index as a proxy. The index was derived from a combination of measures of non-performing loans, return on assets and regulatory capital adequacy ratios, using a three variable dynamic factor model. The main transmission mechanisms through which commodity prices shocks affect financial stability are GDP growth, fiscal revenue, savings and the size of the fiscal deficit.


This article deals with two main subjects. On the one hand, its makes a diachronic study about the evolution of gipuzkoan woodland between the 18th and the 19th centuries. The forest was a disputed source of resources during the Ancien Regime, and some interests around it would define its future, over all since the period mentioned. On the other hand, the article tries to find the reasons of what historiography has defined as traditional technological backward of foundries from the 16th to the 19th centuries. Even if blast furnaces suffered a great development in Europe from the 16th onwards, Gipuzkoa kept its hydraulic forges without almost technological improvements. Finally, it tries to demonstrate that both are related to each other. The monopoly and control that local and regional authorities exerted over woodresources, most of which had important interests and investments in forges, allowed them to have a cheap and a high-quality fuel, which gave them the chance to keep the costs of production in profitable levels and to allow the gipuzkoan traditional iron industry became a competitive activity until almost the middle of the 19th century.


In this paper, performance analysis of 802.16/WiMAX and 3G technologies is done considering both as a cellular mobile technology. The performance measures used for this analysis are path loss, signal to noise ratio, coverage range of a cell and capacity in terms of number of user supported. An example scenario is considered as a reference. Different parameters for this scenario are assumed and adopted from literature. This paper evaluates the potential of WiMAX as a cellular technology in comparison to existing cellular networks evolving from analog (1 G), digital (2 G), digital network with high speed (2.5 G) and transmission with high data rate (3 G). At the end concluding that there is trade off between different network parameters.


In this paper, we consider the problem of distributed set-point temperature regulation in a large building. With a large number of zones, the problem becomes intractable with standard control approaches due to the large state space dimension of the dynamic model. To mitigate complexity, we develop here a mean-field control approach applicable to large-scale control problems in buildings. The mean-field here represents the net effect of the entire building envelope on any individual zone. Rather than solving the large-scale centralized problem, we explore distributed game-theoretic solution approaches that work by optimizing with respect to the mean-field. The methodology is illustrated with a numerical example in a simulation environment.


The feather line of Jilin white goose was selected for increasing down character through two generations of hybridization and five generations of closed breeding selection.Down character of the feather line was successfully bred with stable productive genetic performance.Body weight of male adult was(6.2±0.34) kg,and female was(5.6±0.30) kg;down yield of 100-day goose was(110.2±12.6)g and that of 150-day goose was(155.8±14.5) g;kilo-down weight of chest,abdomen,back of 150-day goose was 1.94,1.73 and 4.98 g,respectively.


Anaerobic conditions induced cortical aerenchyma in maize roots cultivated in water culture. Similar results were obtained by growing the plants in nitrate and phosphate deficient solutions but the cavitation was more severe when conditions were anaerobic. Low temperatures delayed the onset of these symptoms. Mineral deficiencies also regulated the formation of root hairs in water culture. In the field, the behaviour of the rooting systems in a group of Restionaceae with aerenchyma was interpreted from anatomical and developmental data.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine identity development for Black college student-athletes (N = 98) at the Division 1 Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The results revealed that (a) identity achievement status was best predicted by gender, (b) athletic identity levels were not significantly different based on gender, (c) Black males were more likely to be foreclosed than Black females, and (d) there was a positive relationship between racial identity and athletic identity. The authors also discuss implications for practice and recommendations for future research.


A novel power GaAs FET large-signal modeling method is presented in this paper. The method is based on the pulsed I-V measurements without pre-bias DC at different temperatures. The model parameters including temperature coefficients are extracted. Effects of self-heating and ambient temperatures are simulated by using a extended harmonic balance technique. The simulation results are compared to measurements of output power and efficiency for a C-band power amplifier.


Three sedimentation basins on two different extracted peatlands were studied to determine their Trapping Efficiency (TE) using two different methods. First, TE was calculated using sediment loads estimated from turbidity measurements upstream and downstream of the basins. The second method was based on hydraulic modelling and a simplified sediment deposition model. For the first studied basin (controlled by a weir at its downstream end) TE was estimated with the second method at 85.9 % and 55.6 % for lower and higher flows, respectively. In the second peatland the studied basins were in series, there was a geotextile curtain in the middle of each basin and a weir or a double pipe culvert at the outlet. For these two basins in series, TE was estimated at 80 % for lower flows and at 34.3 % for higher flows. A hydraulic model was calibrated for the studied basins and applied to estimate the TE of different basin configurations. The results show that the role of the geotextile curtain is important in the case of short basins and for intense rainfall events. The double pipe culvert did not have a significant effect on TE, unlike the presence of a weir at the outlet, which is required to maintain high TE.


In 2008, New Zealand was one of the first countries in the OECD to adopt a National Strategy for Financial Literacy (financialliteracy.org.nz 2008), with the Retirement Commissioner reporting progress in implementing the strategy to the Minister of Finance twice yearly. After wide consultation, the Strategy for Financial Literacy was revised (2014) and became the National Strategy for Financial Capability (2015), supported by over 100 organisations. In July 2015, Commerce and Consumer Affairs Minister Paul Goldsmith stated:


The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the buzz group technique and group exercises technique to increase self-efficacy in making career decisions for students of MAN 1 Kota Serang. The experimental design method used in this study was the "Randomized Pretest-Postest Comparison Group Design" experimental design. The subjects of this study were 30 students who had a low self-efficacy category of career decision making selected from 300 students. Purposive was done to place 10 students into three experimental groups. This study used a data collection tool on the career decision self-efficacy–tarumanegara scale. The data analysis uses Kruskal Wallis. The results of this study indicate that the buzz group technique and group exercises technique are effective in increasing students' self-efficacy in making career decisions. This is based on the effect shown by each technique from the results before and after treatment. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the two techniques are effective in increasing the self-efficacy of student career decision making. Suggestions are given to school counselors to be able to carry out group buzz group techniques and group exercises techniques to increase students' self-efficacy in making career decisions. In addition, it is hoped that this research can be developed with new characteristics and findings.


To quantify pure chemical exchange–dependent saturation transfer (CEST) related amide proton transfer (APT) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) signals in a rat glioma model and to investigate the mixed effects of water content and water T1 on APT and NOE imaging signals.


Objective To explore the implementation of radical operation for carcinoma of stomach caused by iatrogenic splenic injury causes and prevention.Methods A retrospective analysis surgical implements radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer patients undergoing radical operation for gastric cancer 37 cases of clinical data.Results ①37 patients the distal stomach cutting operation with 6 cases of splenic injury;proximal gastric resection operation of 3 cases splenic injury;gastric hysterectomy 2 cases spleen injury;②Spleen preserving operation was successful in 28 cases,all patients were cured and discharged.Conclusion Improving the spleen preserving consciousness,improve the operation of technical operation,adopting effective hemostatic technique,can be effective in the prevention of gastric cancer radical operation of iatrogenic splenic injury appear.


Security of test items is paramount in computerized adaptive testing (CAT) where tests are shorter and given on demand and therefore more susceptible to over exposure than traditional paper-and-pencil tests. A number of algorithms have been developed to control exposure rates of items during CAT. The purpose of the present study was to assess the accuracy of three exposure control procedures using a CAT system based on the generalized partial credit model. The Sympson-Hetter, modified within .10 logits, and randomesque procedures were investigated. For the modified within .10 logits and randomesque procedures, either 3 or 6 items were included in the item group from which the next item to be administered was randomly selected. A no exposure control condition was also included as a baseline for comparison of the exposure control procedures. The results revealed that the Sympson-Hetter procedure performed better than the other exposure control procedures in terms of fewer non-convergent cases and good control of maximum exposure rates.


A video intercom terminal which can reduce the cost as well as the complexity of such a system is introduced in this paper.By employing a multimedia SOC Z228 which contains a multi-media processing unit MPEG-4 codec and a control unit known as ARM core as its central unit,the terminal also has many peripheral interfaces and controllers often used,such as the LCD controller,the camera Sensor interface and the audio data bus interface.The experiment result shows that the terminal can acquire the video data and then code or decode it according to the MPEG-4 standard within a single chip and it can be used to communicate visually at a speed of 30 frames per second under the resolution of 640 times 480 via VGA.


Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and cyanide-scavenging behavior of circularly arranged sextuple molecule 4. The six syringaldehyde units carrying equal number of dimethoxyphenolic moieties projecting at the periphery make the molecule highly efficient for cleaning up cyanide from the aqueous solution. The stoichiometric data 1:6 showed that six units of cyanide interact with one unit of compound 4. The association constant of the compound for cyanide was 2.5 × 104 M–1, and its detection limit for cyanide was 10 nM. The compound was also found to remove cyanide bound to cytochrome c oxidase.


PURPOSE: Exercise training reduces the symptoms of chronic heart failure. Which exercise intensity yields maximal beneficial adaptations is controversial. Furthermore, chronic heart failure is a disease of the elderly; in fact, it has been reported that 88% and 49% of the patients with a first diagn


Based on the piezoelectric composite discs,which is used in the EPI and is the component received variational loads,an orthogonal experiment was designed to test the electric fatigue performances.Using the mechanism of electric fatigue of the piezoelectric ceramic,the analysis for the results was carried out.Through the experiment of the full-size components,the significant factor,insignificant factors and discard factors have been measured.From the results,the effect of frequency on the performance and the experiment errors was so small that it can be ignored;this provided an experimental gist for increasing the frequency to accelerate the experiment in the future.


Quantification fatty liver is useful for early detection of liver disease. Now ultrasonic detection is used for screening fatty liver. But it lacks of quantity and objectivity. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging, a novel modality, is expected for applying to estimate fat rate of liver. To realize estimation of fat rate, we developed handheld PA system using multi wavelengths. In this study, we verified the usefulness of the system for estimate fat rate in ex vivo experiments. As a biological sample, the mixtures of chicken liver, olive oil and lard (the mixing rate of the lipid in the liver is from 0 to 0.3with an interval 0.1) was used. We acquired PA spectra of the sample by developed handheld system. Nanosecond pulses of laser light (800–1300 nm wavelength, 30 Hz repetition rate) were guided to the sample surface by an optical fiber bundle close to the linear ultrasound probe. By analyzing PA spectra, we can find liver have peak PA intensity around 900 nm and lipid have it around 1210 nm where the light absorbance is high. To estimate fat rate using photoacoustic methods, the photoacoustic signal intensity ratio between two wavelength regions was calculated as described above. Signal intensity ratios agreed well with the composition ratio between liver and lipid. From these analyses, the advantage of PA spectra for estimation of fat rate, and the feasibility of our system for early detection of fatty liver were demonstrated. Devising a technique for quantifying fatty liver and in-vivo experiments will be conducted in further studies.


The utility model belongs to the field of automatic pavement sweeping equipment, in particular to device for sweeping ground refuse and sundries at streets, sidewalks, plot streets, squares, schools, workshops, supermarkets and the like. The crawler-type automatic ground sweeping device is characterized by comprising a vehicle body, a refuse collection device, a water spraying device, a vertical brush device and a crawler belt sweeping device, wherein the refuse collection device is suspended to the tail of the vehicle body, the crawler belt sweeping device is disposed in the middle of the vehicle body, the tail of a chute of the crawler belt sweeping device is linked with a front opening of a refuse tank of the refuse collection device, the water spraying device and the vertical brush device are respectively disposed in the front of the vehicle body, a push handle is arranged at the tail of the vehicle body, wheel frames are respectively arranged on two sides of the vehicle body, the front of each wheel frame is provided with a front wheel, and the rear of each wheel frame is provided with a universal wheel. The crawler-type automatic ground sweeping device is reasonable in structure, and has the advantages of small size, low energy consumption, low noise, fine sweeping effect, no secondary pollution, capability of being operating continuously and highly efficiently, and the like.


The article is devoted to the study of metaphoric modelling of the concept of WAR in Eugene Sledge's memoirs «With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa». In this research the cognitive approach to metaphor is applied. The theory of image paradigms is used as an instrument for the metaphorical modelling of the concept.


ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: 20th September2021 Accepted: 25th September2021 Online: 30th September 2021 A narrative, story or tale is any account of a series of related events or experiences, whether nonfictional (memoir, biography, news report , documentary , travelogue,etc.) or fictional (fairy tale, fable, legend, thriller, novel, etc.).


Basing on educational ideas, course system, practice teaching and classroom teaching, this paper explores how to cultivate creative ability of engineering students.


Privacy is a critical requirement in distributed data mining. Cryptography-based secure multiparty computation is a main approach for privacy preserving. However, it shows poor performance in large scale distributed systems. Meanwhile, data perturbation techniques are comparatively efficient but are mainly used in centralized privacy-preserving data mining (PPDM). In this paper, we propose a light-weight anonymous data perturbation method for efficient privacy preserving in distributed data mining. We first define the privacy constraints for data perturbation based PPDM in a semi-honest distributed environment. Two protocols are proposed to address these constraints and protect data statistics and the randomization process against collusion attacks: the adaptive privacy-preserving summary protocol and the anonymous exchange protocol. Finally, a distributed data perturbation framework based on these protocols is proposed to realize distributed PPDM. Experiment results show that our approach achieves a high security level and is very efficient in a large scale distributed environment.


New biotechnology firms undergo relative rapid progression from exploration to exploitation orientations. The Cambridge Antibody Technology case provides evidence of the organic growth of dynamic capabilities in a successful biotechnology firm that had reached global standing before its acquisition by a major global pharmaceutical firm. CAT progressively evolved the full spectrum of drug discovery and development capabilities in a relatively short period. This study elaborates an analytical framework connecting various levels of capability development. The resulting analysis contributes to our better understanding of the micro-dynamics of the organic growth of dynamic capabilities.