The broad graded sediment transport in the dam area of Zhuzhou navigation complex in Xiangjiang is simulated by using the normal scale model test. After the similarity verification, the physical model is used to study the channel variations during the construction of the first stage (left branch) and the second stage (the right branch) and the normal operation of the hydro-project. The effect of the hydro-project on the entrance area and the connection section of the approaching navigation channel behind the dam is also investigated. Besides, the regulation plan for the waterway is proposed. The research provides a scientific basis for the design of the project.


Amorphous blends from a deuterated polyaryletherketone and a polyetherimide have been prepared and investigated by neutron scattering. The used components differ remarkably in their structure antheir solution properties. The blends on the other hand are combinatorial mixtures : the scattering quantity Φ 1 Φ 2 /S(q) is independent of the composition of the blends if the polymer chains have the same length


An instrument used to measure the density of the charge (cement slurry) is described. The instrument utilizes the absorption of radiation in a compensated circuit with two ionization chambers. The suitability of employing this type of instrument is discussed on the basis of practical experience. (auth)


I would like to thank James J. Wirtz, William C. Martel, John Mearsheimer, Edward Rhodes, Joseph Amodio, and the editors and anonymous reviewers of Security Studies for their comments.


Lyocell fibers are easy to be fibrillated under wet conditions, which severely affect the appearance of this kind of fabrics. Two kinds of cross-linking agents are used to treat lyocell fibers. The Lyocell fibers acquire good anti-fibrillation property after treatment. But the mechanical properties of the cross-linked fibers decrease inevitably. The cross-linking mechanism is also discussed.


The scarcity of coke has been long known to all the iron making units. Various attempts have been made to optimize the requirement of coke by developing alternative route for iron making, and alternative methods to meet the thermal requirement of the blast furnace iron making process. Most popular among these developments has been the development of coal injection in the blast furnaces at the tuyere level. In order to sustain Blast furnace route of iron making, cost and productivity need to be improved. Tata Steel has been practicing injection of coal in the blast furnaces at its Jamshedpur works since 1991. This paper describes the enhancement of injection rate at FBF with existing facilities from 150 kg/thm to 195 kg/thm.


The microbial biosurfactants can be substituted to the chemical detergents in some industrial processes. In this study we developed a biotechnological processes for the biosurfactants with microorganisms. The biosurfactants have a lot of advantages in comparision with the chemical surfactants. They are proenvironmental even during and after industrial use. But there are not so many kinds of biosurfactants. The production cost and the end price is much higher than the chemical surfactants. But nowdays there are many kinds of microorganisms, which can produce the surfactants in large quantity and fast. We tried to develop a production process for the large scale with some microorganisms. At first Candida bombicola KCTC 7145, Sphingomonas chungbukensis KCTC 2955 and Sphingomonas yanoikuyae KCTC 2818 are cultivated and studied. For the large scale production process we used molasses as a complex medium and tried to optimize the process. Molasses contains 17 to 25% of water, 45 to 50% of sugar and 25% of carbohydrate, it can be fully used as a substrate. The microorganisms have been cultivated in the diluted media with molasses 2, 5, 8 and 10%, respectively, The optimal conditions for the cultivation and the production process have been studied. For the study the optical density, glucose concentration and the surface tension were measured. Candida bombicola KCTC 7145 and the 5% molasses media was selected as an optimal condition for the production process of a biosurfactant. During cultivation of Candida bombicola KCTC 7145 in the 5% molasses medium kerosene and corn oil were added for promoting the biosurfactants.


The tremendous growth in the domain of deep learning has helped in achieving breakthroughs in computer vision applications especially after convolutional neural networks coming into the picture. The unique architecture of CNNs allows it to extract relevant information from the input images without any hand-tuning. Today, with such powerful models we have quite a flexibility build technology that may ameliorate human life. One such technique can be used for detecting and understanding various human gestures as it would make the human-machine communication effective. This could make the conventional input devices like touchscreens, mouse pad, and keyboards redundant. Also, it is considered as a highly secure tech compared to other devices. In this paper, hand gesture technology along with Convolutional Neural Networks has been discovered followed by the construction of a deep convolutional neural network to build a hand gesture recognition application.


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Abstract: Monoamine‐activated α2‐macroglobulin (α2M) was shown to reduce the dopamine concentration in corpus striatum of adult rat brains and inhibit other neuronal functions in vivo and in vitro. As brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin‐4, and neurotrophin‐3 are important neurotrophic factors for dopaminergic neurons, the effect of monoamine‐activated α2M on signal transduction by trkB and trkC was investigated. The results show that monoamine‐activated α2M binds to trkB and inhibits brain‐derived neurotrophic factor/neurotrophin‐4‐promoted autophosphorylation of trkB in a dose‐dependent manner in both trkB‐expressing NIH3T3 (NIH3T3‐trkB) and human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. Monoamine‐activated α2M also blocks tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C‐γ1 and extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK)‐1, which are key intracellular proteins involved in trkB signal transduction. Similarly, monoamine‐activated α2M inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of neurotrophin‐3‐induced trkC and its signal transduction in a dose‐dependent manner in NIH3T3 cells expressing trkC (NIH3T3‐trkC). In contrast to monoamine‐activated α2M, normal α2M has little or no significant inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of trkB and trkC. In addition, the retinoic acid‐promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C‐γ1, ERK‐1, and/or ERK‐2 in SH‐SY5Y cells was unaffected by monoamine‐activated α2M; this suggests that the inhibitory effect of activated α2M on the neurotrophin‐stimulated phosphorylation of intracellular signalling proteins may be specific. Taken together, the data indicate that activated α2M is a pan‐trk inhibitor, which by virtue of its binding to trk receptors may block trk‐mediated signal transduction in dopaminergic neurons and lead to reduction of dopamine concentration in corpus striatum.


Under the background of transformation and upgrading of industrial structure,research on the three industries in total factor productivity(TFP)and the reasons for the changes using DEA-Malmquist Index and the SVAR model.The results show that: the TFP of the first industry have an overall downward trend,and the TFP of the secondary and tertiary industries is rising,and the transformation of the third industry is more efficient than the first and second industry.The technological progress is a major factor in improving the efficiency of TFP,but the efficient improving contributes weakness.The pass of various types of shocks on the tertiary industry TFP is different from the first and second industry,and the demand shock played a positive role for improving the TFP of the three industries.Therefore,it's important to increase efforts to support science and technology of the first industry,and improve efficiency,and cancel the protecting color to the part of industry and expand domestic demand for improving the efficiency of China's industrial restructuring.


Dear Editor, Hickson et al. use a large community-recruited sample to describe differences in mental health indicators within men who identified as gay or bisexual. This is much needed research, as there is still a relatively underdeveloped evidence base describing inequalities in health for sexual minority groups, compared to the wider population and when considering differences within sexual minority groups as done here. The results show that we need to better understand variation within sexual minority groups, in addition to how minority groups differ from the majority groups in the wider population. As the authors acknowledge, most population health research with sexual minorities has used convenience sampling as done here. We agree that general population surveys produce small numbers of sexual minorities, but disagree with them on two points. First, the reason why sexual minority health research has historically used convenience samples was not because 'representative general population surveys only recruit a small absolute number of people in sexual minorities'—it is that such data were simply not available. This has now started to change. Since 2008 surveys of population health and other kinds of surveys in the UK have included measures of sexual orientation, which can be defined in terms of identity, behaviour and/or attraction. These data are freely available to the research community stored at the UK Data Service. Second, we disagree that there is 'no sampling frame for sexual minorities'. Population health surveys are already recording sexual orientation identity using a standardized question recommended by the Office of National Statistics (ONS). Other surveys have recorded same-sex behaviour and same-sex attraction. In our view, addressing sample size limitations for sexual minority health can be achieved by ensuring that sexual orientation is recorded in all surveys and administrative data, as done for 'ethnic group' for example. In time, this would produce a pooled data set that can be used to answer a range of research questions about differences within sexual minority groups. This will address the known problems with convenience sampling and prevent the need for additional data collection. In our view, this is both theoretically possible and desirable.


Objective To evaluate the effect of removable scleral-flap suture during trabeculectomy in treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma. Methods Seventy-nine patients(91 eyes) with primary angle-closure Glaucoma from May, 2000 to May, 2002 in our hospital were accepted trabeculectomy initially, and were randomly divided into two groups. The first group (39 patients,48 eyes) received standard trabeculectomy; the second group(40 patients, 43 eyes) received the trabeculectomy with removable scleral-flap suture, and the sclera suture would be removed according to the intraocular pressure, the condition of the anterior chamber and the filtrative cyst. The intraocular pressure, the filtrative cyst ,the anterior chamber and the visual acuity of both groups were tested during the second day, the first week, the first one month, the third month, and one year after the operation. Results Both metheds can control the intraoclar pressure effectively. The incidences of adverse reactions in the second group was lesser than the first group, such as shallow anterior chamber, intraocular hypopressure, hemorrhage in the anterior chamber (hyphema), detachment of choroids and hypotonous maculopathy and the difference showed statistical significance (P0.025). Conclusion The effects of controlling intraocular pressure by both methods are similar; during the early postoperative stage, the trabeculectomy with removable scleral-flap suture can effectively minimize the complications, however, such as shallow anterior chamber and intraocular hypotension, which can enhance the safety of trabeculectomy.


This paper describes the innovative implementation of Asset Management Principles into a local authority highways service. Dorset County Council has taken a unique approach amongst local highway authorities that is providing immediate benefits and setting the foundation for a practical long term approach to managing the highways asset in the most efficient, effective, risk managed way. We have structured our assets into 11 asset groups to reflect the elements of service they provide to support the three themes of the highways service. This structure is used to manage our finance and data to combine all aspects of our service management are combined. Which promotes more effective decision making, that uses long term financial risk balanced with customer needs to deliver optimum service. (6 pages)


This text examines emblems as visual and verbal imagery, exploring applied emblematics alongside more traditional literary forms. As mannerism was being discovered in the 1930s, Mario Praz focused on the emblematic elements of device, epigram, and conceit - stressing the role of wit.


We have compiled landscape map of the Heihe River Basin based on the land-use map using geographic information systems. A total of six ecoregions was delineated. Various landscape metrics of each zone, including area, patch density and size, edge, shape, nearest-neighbor, diversity, and contagion and interspersion metrics were calculated using the landscape structure analysis program FRAGSTATS. The results indicated that the landscape pattern of the Heihe River Basin is mainly controlled by the distribution of water resources. The landscape structure in the mountainous area of the Heihe River Basin shows a high continuity and complex patch shapes. The landscape structure of the oasis area shows the most complex landscape structure, the richest patch types, and the highest diversity. The oases are distributed along rivers and artificial channels, and are heterogeneous mosaics embedded in the desert landscape matrix. The landscape structures of oases in different zones vary greatly. In the oasis zone in the Hexi Corridor, the artificial oasis, dominated by irrigated farmland, is one of the most important landscape elements. Conversely, in the Ruoshui River Delta zone, the patches are fragmented and the landscape is easily disturbed. In the transitional belt between oasis and desert, the patch types are meadow, salinized meadow, salt desert, and marsh, which are fragmented and distributed in clusters. These patch types reflect the biodiversity in the arid region and play an important role in resisting the desertification in the area, suggesting they must be protected carefully. In the desert area, such as the northern Alxa High Plain, the bare gobi is a landscape matrix with absolute dominance and very high contagion, while other landscape types in the zone are heterogeneous mosaics embedded in the matrix with very small percentage.


Importance of nitrogen in the nutrition of all living on earth, made the scientists to study the extent of the atmospheric nitrogen fixation by unsymbiotic microflora in soil. The methods of quantitative estimation, used in the 20 century, have not been entirely satisfactory, because they overlooked the nitrification processes, testing fixed nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method only. This paper suggests a more complete method for determining the natural contribution of atmospheric nitrogen fixation to the soil. This method takes into account both the Norganic and N-NH 4 as quantified by the Kjeldahl method and the nitric N produced by mineralization of the N compounds resulting from dinitrogen fixation during the soil incubation period.


The operation of commuter trains is preferred for the middle to lower class. But in fact the prospective commuter train passenger complains of comfort in this case relating to the number of seats and standing places available. The discussion in this final project is to analyze the comfort of the seats and stands that have been set, to analyze the capacity of operational vehicle KA commuter Surabaya-Lamongan, to answer the problem then conducted research on KA commuter and related institution. from the result of analysis got value of seat comfrot (r) = 0,4 m2 / space and standing comfrot value (σ) = 0,87mm2 / space the total capacity of one set of KA commuter (Cv) trains is 312 passengers while, the total seating capacity for a series of KA commuter is 248 passengers. Average load facor (lf) is 0,51.Keywords: Commuter Train, Performance, capacity, comfort level


ABSTRACT Military transformations are usually understood as linear processes involving diverse, steady, and costly initiatives to be achieved during a specific timeframe. However, other influencing elements, such as assessment, follow-up, and feedback from the personnel in charge of enforcing and evaluating their implementation, are often disregarded. This article seeks to bridge this information gap and provide a model to analyze the transformation of the military forces of Colombia as a virtuous cycle using the perceptions of its future implementers as its core and main evaluating resource. The questionnaire developed focuses on national interests and the roles and functions of the military forces, gathering the perceptions of officers who will be responsible for implementing the transformation. The statistical findings suggest that determining threats, factors of influence, obstacles, enhancers, and priorities such as drug trafficking, defense expenditure, conflict of interests, fiscal responsibility, and doctrine and policy are central to obtaining successful outcomes.


The panel procedure has become an inner system of Dispute Settlement Mechanism. And with its operation, the panel procedure of WTO has exposed defects.The article emphatically probes into the composition of panel,the lawful characteristics,the function of the panel procedure,its other problems and its improvement and development, and the auther puts forward some constructive countermeasures.


In a tokamak pedestal, radial scale lengths can become comparable to the ion orbit width, invalidating conventional neoclassical calculations of flow and bootstrap current. In this work we illustrate a non-local approach that allows strong radial density variation while maintaining small departures from a Maxwellian distribution. Non-local effects alter the magnitude and poloidal variation of the flow and current. The approach is implemented in a new global delta-f continuum code using the full linearized Fokker-Planck collision operator. Arbitrary collisionality and aspect ratio are allowed as long as the poloidal magnetic field is small compared to the total magnetic field. Strong radial electric fields, sufficient to electrostatically confine the ions, are also included. These effects may be important to consider in any comparison between experimental pedestal flow measurements and theory.


The rural land system has always been a key to China's rural reform,whose theme lies in property rights.Therefore,the key to the current rural land system reform rests with establishing a rural land property rights system geared to China's social and economic development by using the modern theory of property rights to define and arrange the rural land property rights reasonably.By inspecting changes in the rural land property rights system since the founding of New China and analyzing its actual situation,this paper opines that the implementation of the rural land property rights system with the state enjoying the ultimate ownership of the rural land and the farmers having the permanent right for its utilization is fairly appropriate;for one thing,the state can enjoy more effective ultimate control power and umpirage on rural land than simple legal regulation;and for another,the farmers are able to secure the "subprivatization" land property right conducive to best mobilizing their own initiative and enthusiasm.Such a rural land system can promote benefits and abolish harms as well as be beneficial to both the state and the farmers.


OBJECTIVE
To translate and validate Generalized Anxiety Disorder -7scale in Urdu, for use in Pakistan in the primary healthcare setups.

METHODS
The validation study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital, Gilgit, Pakistan, from February to May 2016.We followed a systematic six-step process to validate the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale in the target population. The instrument was translated independently and then fused together. Back-translation was followed by recommendations by an expert committee, and face validity improvement by a language expert. A pilot study was done to get user's feedback on the construct. Volunteers were administered the questionnaire for validation procedure, along with a well-being scale, at three different cities representing volunteers from four different administrative regions of Pakistan.

RESULTS
There were 285 volunteers in the study. Principal component exploratory factor analysis supported unidimensional structure of the scale with an eigenvalue of 5.18 and it explained 64.8% of the total variance. Total score on the scale was negatively correlated with positive effect (r = -0.44, p<0.001) and life satisfaction (r = -0.49, p<0.001) subscales of a the well-being scale, while it was positively correlated with the negative affect (r = 0.63, p<0.001) subscale of the same, indicating a good level of convergent and discriminate validity. Cronbach's alpha for the scale was 0.92 and split-half reliability was 0.82, revealing a good level of reliability.

CONCLUSIONS
The Generalized Anxiety Disorder -7 scale was found to be a validated, brief, self-administered Urdu tool to screen, rate, and monitor outcome of anxiety disorders in primary healthcare setups.


Research has shown that alternating the routes in wireless sensor networks, can extend the network's lifetime and increase communication savings. Many proposed data dissemination protocols, however, establish paths that guide data on a hop-level basis from sources to sinks. In this paper, we explain why such a tight-coupling (between the data dissemination and data routing) may be desired, even when a locationbased addressing scheme may be available; and describe a novel locationbased publish/subscribe protocol that offers support for the transparent operation of resource-aware routing protocols. Our protocol offers a trade-off between shared event dissemination paths (that can increase communication efficiency) and support for resource-awareness (that allows freedom of notification routing from the publishers to the subscribers).


Tourism industry is one of the major industries which can basically generate foreign exchange and employment opportunities to a country. There, the SME sector is playing a vital role in creating business opportunities for the industry of tourism and hospitality. COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected to the Sri Lankan tourism and hospitality industry being threaten to the SME sector. The general objective of the study is to identify the application of 7 Ps of marketing mix for the promotion of SME sector in Sigiriya area in the post COVID 19 pandemics. Also, the research question of the study is how to apply 7 Ps of marketing mix to enhance the market share and awareness in the global market in order to enhance both profits and sales. Further the problem statement is that whether there is an application of 7 Ps of marketing to SME sector, after the COVID 19 breakdown. The study is primarily based on qualitative method while using secondary data such as library material, journals and reports, media publications and various internet search engines. Also, data was basically analyzed by using secondary data throughout the study. As per the empirical study done, it was revealed that due to the change in the customer behaviour after the covid-19 pandemic, application of the concept of "marketing innovations" along with the concept of 7Ps is the latest way of marketing to stay competitive and profitable especially during a crisis like Covid-19.


This paper presents a mathematical framework to derive an inventory model for time, reliability, and advertisement dependent demand. This paper considers the demand rate is high initially, and then the demand rate reduces later stage, which reflects the situation related to cash in hand. The uncertain deterioration of the product presents through Uniform, Triangular, and Double Triangular probability distributions. The holding cost of the proposed inventory system is dependent on the reliability of the item to make this study a more realistic one. This proposed inventory system allows the situation of shortage and partially backlogged at a fixed rate. Numerical examples, along with managerial implications and sensitivity analysis of the inventory parameters, discuss to examine the effect of changes on the optimal total inventory cost.


What do academics do all day?

Monday Writing day. I'm drafting an editorial about measuring culture in healthcare organisations. I immerse myself in anthropologist Clifford Geertz's "Notes on a Balinese cockfight," one of the finest (and funniest) ethnographic studies ever published. I struggle to transfer the ideas to the NHS.

Sample size calculation for a diabetes grant application. An old friend, now a multicentre trialist, has sent me a piece of software, and I've connected …


The invention relates to low-Tg acrylate emulsion for cement-based building materials. The acrylate emulsion is composed of latex particles with a soft-core hard-shell structure. The emulsion Tg is -30 DEG C to 5 DEG C, the core Tg is -50 DEG C to -5 DEG C, and the shell Tg is -5 DEG C to 20 DEG C. The proportion of core is 70-95%, and the proportion of shell is 5-30%. The principle of the emulsion provided by the invention is that low-Tg core-shell-structured latex particles are synthesized with a core-shell polymerization process; and with the protection of the shells to the soft cores, the problem of the adaptability of low-Tg acrylate emulsion and cement is solved. Therefore, the application range of the low-Tg acrylate emulsion is expanded.


In recent months design engineers have been interested in capacitors with extremely high values of insulation resistance not normally achieved in the common one- or two-minute electrification period. After long periods of electrification, insulation resistance values in the order of 100-million megohm microfarads and more can be achieved with some types of capacitors. Such high values can be accurately measured by the special measuring technique described in this paper, which also discusses the interpretation of test data taken at various temperatures and voltages on some typical Mylar capacitors. The concepts of instantaneous and equivalent parallel insulation resistance are developed and their significance discussed.


PURPOSE: A molded underfill flip chip package is provided to improve the hygroscopic reliability of a semiconductor package by additionally forming an encapsulation member on the bottom of a printed circuit board with a resin channel shape. CONSTITUTION: A printed circuit board(106) includes one or more resin. A semiconductor chip(102) is mounted on the upper side of the printed circuit board. An encapsulation member(108) encapsulates the semiconductor chip and the top of the printed circuit board. A resin channel(112) is expanded to the bottom of the printed circuit board through the resin via hole. A solder ball(110) is attached to the bottom of the printed circuit board.


Objective To investigating of anxiety and depression on acne patients,and try to provide reference for comprehensive treatment in acne.Methods One hundred and three acne patients,and One hundred healthy controls were evaluated by the Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS).The relationships between SAS and SDS with sex,severity of acne were analyzed.Results Acne patients had significantly higher scores than healthy control in SAS and SDS(all P0.01),while there was no significantly difference between mild acne group and healthy control (all P0.05),moderate and severe acne group had significantly higher scores than healthy control (all P0.01).The scores of SAS and SDS in severe acne group were obviously higher than that in moderate and mild group,there also were obvious significance between moderate group and mild group(all P0.01).No differences were observed from SAS scores between the male and female patients(P0.05),while the mean SDS scores of female acne patients were found to be significantly higher than those of male patients(P 0.01).Conclusion It is easier to suffer from anxiety or depression in moderate and severe acne patients.Female acne patients have severe depression.Besides conventional treatment,Appropriate intervention should be carried out in acne patients.


The rest-to-rest maneuver problem of the flexible space structure is the two point boundary value problem (TPBVP) and is solved by some gradient methods. If TPBVP is strongly restricted by the constraints, TBVP becomes ill-defined problem, and the solution meeting all constraints cannot be obtained. However, reasonable suboptimal solutions are often needed since real plants are necessary to be controlled. In order to obtain such suboptimal solutions, we have developed a modified version of the hierarchy gradient method by installing fuzzy decision logic. Constraints are classified into non-fuzzy constraints and fuzzy constraints according to their priorities. Fuzzy constraints having trade-off relationship with each other are compromised reasonably by fuzzy decision logic. The usefulness of the proposed method is numerically and experimentally demonstrated by applying to the rest-to-rest slew maneuver problem of a flexible space structure, where fuzzy constraints are final time, sensitivity of residual vibration energy with respect to the structure frequency uncertainty, and maximum bending moment at the root of flexible appendage.


A suitable method was developed to enhance the use of coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) as carrier in drug delivery systems. CHA was surface modified by grafting with glycidylmethacrylate using redox initiators. FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were employed for the proof of grafting and phase purity of the graft copolymer. An antibiotic agent, gentamicin, was incorporated into unmodified CHA (UCHA) and surface modified CHA (SCHA). The percentage of loading and release profiles of gentamicin for UCHA and SCHA were evaluated and compared. It was found that the SCHA exhibited higher loading efficiency for gentamicin than the UCHA. In-vitro release profile of gentamicin was assayed by elution in phosphate buffered saline of pH 7.4 at 37 ° C. The in-vitro release of gentamicin from SCHA occurred up to 12 days, whereas it was 9 days for UCHA, for the release of most of the gentamicin incorporated. This prolonged release of gentamicin from SCHA was attributed to more interaction between the amino groups of gentamicin and epoxy groups. The results suggest that the SCHA coupled with gentamicin could serve as an effective method of administrating local chemotherapy primarily when used as a strut graft for bone defects.


The temperature measuring system must be credible to monitor the temperature, as well as be flexible to change the measurement points, according to the different requirement, because of the complexity of environment.The wireless temperature measuring system took advantage of the ZigBee technology which was famous for its low-cost, low-power and flexible networking, the DS18B20 digital temperature sensor which based on single bus technology realized the wireless temperature measurment of the self-networking. The test had proved that the system was stable and credible.


Cliff Robinson is Director of Secondary Education in the State Department of Education, Salem, Oregon; and at Member of the Executive Committee of the National Association of Secondary-School Principals. THE PRINCIPAL is the nominal curriculum leader of his school even in the large system where there is specialized curriculum personnel. Many of the organizational details of the in-service activities of the school are his responsibility. Many districts do not have curriculum specialists, so the administration of the entire program rests with the superintendent and building principals. If the program is district-wide, then the superintendent or his assistant administers it. Frequently, curriculum-improvement programs are limited to a


The reference point for deliberations is constituted by two documents: the Apostolic Constitution of Francis Episcopalis communio and the final document of XV General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops dedicated to the problems of young people Young People, the Faith, and Vocational Discernment. The synodal document presented the issues which were not discussed during the synodal sessions and concern the synodal path of the Church. The author reflects on common elements of both documents and interprets each of them in the light of the other one. He highlights the element of discernment of gifts, charisms, and conscience, which determine the position of the faithful in the ecclesial community and influence the bonds between them and the pastors of the Church. Extending the area of implementation of the synodal character of the Church allows the author to ask the question about the model of the presence of the Church in the world. The author points out similarities between the synodal way and the methodology of ecumenical dialogue, which may affect summoning of the Synod dedicated to ecumenical issues.


The Ekman streamfunction is a wind‐derived metric that can be used to infer the Southern Ocean overturning circulations (SOOCs) in both latitude‐depth and latitude‐potential density spaces. The Ekman streamfunction integrates the Ekman pumping zonally and northwards from Antarctica, either to a given latitude or potential density. Here, we evaluate the relationship between the Ekman streamfunction and SOOCs in a global 0. 1° ocean‐sea‐ice model driven by interannual forcing (1958–2018). In certain regions of the Southern Ocean, strong correlations ( r>0.9 ) exist between the Ekman streamfunction and the Eulerian and residual SOOCs on monthly and annual timescales. Regression analysis identifies regions where Ekman streamfunction variability coincides with >4 Sv changes in the overturning; one such location is where the wind stress curl changes sign and the Ekman pumping is highly variable.


In 36 patients with left unilateral spatial neglect due to right hemispheric damage, a sound lateralization test was conducted as an auditory task, using a Rhion audiometer AA ─ 75. The test results were analyzed in relation to the score calculated from the results of a Behavioural inattention test ( a visual task ) . In the sound lateralization test, the left/right ratio of the inter ─ aural time difference discrimination threshold was determined, and the percent increase was calculated in the left inter ─ aural time difference discrimination threshold relative to that on the right. As a result, no significant correlation existed between the sum scores of a Behavioural inattention test ( usual tasks and/or behavioural tasks ) and sound lateralization test scores in all the unilateral spatial neglect patients. And the left/right ratio of the inter ─ aural time difference discrimination threshold did not correlate sig-nificantly with the score calculated from any subtests of the Behavioural inattention test. Accordingly, we found that the severity of auditory tasks was not always consistent with that of visual tasks in unilateral spatial neglect cases. This suggests that patients with severe unilateral neglect sometimes show only mild abnormalities in auditory tasks. In such cases, the utilization of auditory stimuli in treatment can compensate for unilateral neglect symptoms.


An Exploratory analysis using arboricultural and ecological statistical approaches of a representative sample of Mexico City's street trees were followed by a confirmatory study through Path Analysis to test hypothesis stating causal relationships among different variables. All this in order to evaluate and to manage the quality of Mexico City's Urban Forest. Keywords: factor analysis, principal components, correspondence analysis, cluster analysis, measures of association, path analysis, urban trees.


We first present the formal semantics of a parallel rule-based formalism inspired by biological cells, and then provide a faithful parallel implementation of this computational model by using GridGain and taking care of various synchronization issues. Synchronization is achieved by using barriers and preconditions; both refer to the fact that a membrane can apply its rules only after it has received signals from the other related membranes. We develop a scalable parallel implementation using the MapReduce paradigm in GridGain which allows the splitting of a task into multiple subtasks, the parallel execution of these subtasks in parallel and the aggregation of the partial results into a single, final result. This implementation is very close to the formal description of this parallel model of membrane systems, a model which is computationally equivalent to Turing machines and able to provide polynomial solutions to NP-complete problems.


This research aims to study the social and economic aspects of workers in protected agriculture, specifically greenhouse workers, in addition to the impact of these aspects on the safe treatment of various plant protection tools like pesticides, and the appropriate scientific methods of using them. For this purpose, 110 questionnaires were distributed among Greenhouse farmers in Tartous and Lattakia governorates. This is due to the excessive usage of insecticides by the farmers in those areas which could reach p to 22 times in one agricultural season (Statistical office Lattakia – 2010 ). Neither the source nor the origin of most of used insecticides is known. Naturally they may have bad effects on humankind and the environment. Many results were reached by this study. First, Greenhouse agriculture is a factor for social stability for 86% of farmers, all of whom are educated. 86.4% of farmers know nothing about the effects of the insecticides on man (paralysis or blindness). Only 17.8% have good knowledge of insecticide injuries, and 60.2% were neutral to their negative effects. 24.8% of farmers follow protection steps, while about 50% do not use a scientific method to get rid of the insecticide residues. 91.8% of farmers depend on high pressure sprayers with hoses and spraying guns. 56.4% were ready to replace the sprayers used with others that posed less harm on environment, but on the condition that these new sprayers should be effective and cheap. This research also showed that farmers' source of information about plant protection was agricultural pharmacies and Guidance Centers.


We sought to determine the activity of inhibiting and facilitating cortical circuits in areas surrounding a hand muscle motor representation in focal dystonia and in controls. In 15 patients with hand dystonia, 16 patients with blepharospasm, and age‐matched controls, we applied suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimuli with a figure‐eight coil over the optimal representation of the relaxed abductor digiti minimi muscle of the dominant hand. Additional conditioning stimuli were given through a second figure‐eight coil that was held either above the test coil or 2 cm or 4 cm apart in the anterior, posterior, lateral, or medial direction. We measured intracortical excitability in each of the nine positions of the conditioning coil. Intracortical inhibition was reduced in both patient groups at all conditioning coil positions. With both coils centered, the intracortical facilitation did not differ between patients and controls. After shifting the conditioning coil, the intracortical facilitation tended to be less diminished in patients than in controls, this difference between patients and controls was significant for the anterior, posterior, and medial 4‐cm conditioning coil shift. Our results demonstrate decreased intracortical inhibition in the cortical hand muscle representation not only in patients with hand dystonia, but also in patients with blepharospasm. In addition, our findings in both patient groups show a trend toward a relatively increased intracortical facilitation in surrounding motor areas. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society


Abstract Arthropod and epiphyte assemblages were compared at three heights (0–2, 2–4 and 4–6 m) on the boles of red maple (Acer rubrum) trees located in a closed canopy forest and within harvest gaps. A positive correlation among bryophytes, Collembola (springtails) and Araneae (spiders) suggested a potential trophic interaction where arboreal spiders, during early developmental stages, were dependent upon availability of Collembolan prey. This relationship appeared to be sensitive to a decline in bryophyte abundance that occurred following gap harvesting. Fifteen families of Diptera (flies) were identified, eight of which were common. The eight common families utilized the arboreal habitat differently depending on height along the bole and abundance of crustose and other lichens. A potential association was identified between six Dipteran families and a Collembolan morphospecies in the family Entomobryidae, suggesting a diverse arthropod community that exploits different attributes of the arboreal habitat and exhibits varied responses to harvest gaps.


A method for estimating the state of charge (SOC) of a battery through Kalman filtering is technologically characterized in that the SOC of a lithium battery pack is estimated by an extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, a Vmin state space model of the lithium battery pack is built, and the minimum Vmin of the load voltage of the single batteries in the battery pack and the SOC of the battery pack as used as an observed variable and a state variable of the model. The adopted Kalman filter is an extended Kalman filter, SOC is worked out recursively by use of an ampere-hour integral method, SOC is substituted in an observation equation to get the estimated value of Vmin, the Kalman gain for every step is calculated, and the optimal estimate of SOC is worked out based on a state estimation observation renewal equation. The power battery SOC estimation method overcomes the defects of current error accumulation based on the ampere-hour integral method, and closed-loop estimation of state variable SOC is realized. As the effect of noise is taken into consideration in the process of calculation, the algorithm has a strong noise inhibition effect.


Introduction: Simulation methods in nursing training are increasingly popular. The purpose of this study is to examine the necessity for simulation methods in nursing training and the readiness of nursing students at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Methodology: Participants include nursing professionals, lecturers, and nursing students. Combining qualitative and quantitative research approaches based on existing questionnaires to survey study participants. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and content analysis were applied. Results: 100% of faculties realize the importance and necessity of the
simulation method in nursing education. Simulation enhances clinical decision-making abilities (4.21 ± 0.80) and collaboration (4.29 ± 0.82). The simulation challenge was that some simulations were not appropriate for the Vietnamese context (3.93 ± 0.73). The simulation preparedness of students was average (61.23 ± 10.80). Conclusion: This conclusion demonstrates the critical necessity for simulation in nursing education. The simulation's readiness on nursing students is moderate. As a result, the use of simulation in nursing education must be implemented and maintained.
Key words: simulation, need assessment, student readiness, nursing education.


Data from a pilot study, in which renewable energy was used for low-temperature subsurface heating in a northern climate, suggests that such an approach may be useful for remediating low permeable soils. Low-temperature soil heating is expected to enhance remediation effectiveness by increasing contaminant volatility, diffusion, desorption, and microbiological activity. Direct and indirect solar energy was harvested with a hybrid photovoltaic/wind electric system. The electrical energy generated by the hybrid renewable energy system was distributed to the subsurface using a control system and wire, then converted to heat energy using a resistive element emplaced in an unsaturated silty layer 2.3 m below grade. Renewable energy system performance, soil temperature, and environmental data were collected. Ambient soil temperatures fluctuated seasonally within the silt layer from 4 to 15°C. The small renewable energy system performed as predicted and injected 441 kWh of energy into the soil over the eight-month study. This energy input translated to increased soil temperatures ranging from 7.7 to 19.4°C and from 3.3 to 4.3°C above ambient at distances 0.3 and 0.9 m from the heating well, respectively. The system supplied sufficient heat to maintain soil temperatures above ambient even in winter in Vermont, where low direct solar energy was available and sustained low ambient temperatures prevail.


Since hairy cell leukemia is uncommon in Japan, no definitive principles for therapy have yet been established. A 36-year-old patient had a huge abdominal tumor (splenomegaly) and a W.B.C. count of 263, 000/mm3, 98% of which consisted of hairy cells. After splenectomy by the procedure of laparotomy and left thoracotomy, the W.B.C. count decreased to 65, 000/mm3 on the seventh postoperative day. Two years after surgery, his condition is satisfactory, with a W.B.C. count of 36, 900/mm3. From this result and those described in the literature, splenectomy is suggested to be an effective therapy for cases of hairy cell leukemia with splenomegaly.


Traditional car sharing services have been based on the two‐way scheme, where the user picks up and returns the vehicle at the same parking station. Some innovative services permit also one‐way trips, that is, the user is allowed to return the vehicle in another station. The one‐way scheme is more attractive for the users, but may lead to an unbalance between the user demand, and the availability of vehicles or free lots at the stations. In such cases, the service provider could reallocate the fleet and restore a better distribution of the vehicles among the stations. In the case of electric car sharing, such a problem is more complex because the travel range depends on the level of the battery charge. This article presents a new approach for the relocation of electric vehicles (EVs), carried out by the staff of the service provider to keep the system balanced. Such an approach generates a challenging Paired Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows with new features that to the best of our knowledge have never been considered in the literature. We call such a problem the EV relocation problem (EVRP). We yield a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation of the EVRP and some techniques to speedup its solution through a state‐of‐the‐art solver (CPLEX). Moreover, we develop a simple but effective heuristic based on such a formulation and four upper bound generation methods. We test the performances of both the MILP formulation and the heuristic on instances built on the Milan road network. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 64(4), 292–305 2014


This work shows that intercepting a low-level graphics library command stream and reconstructing a declarative representation is practical and useful, especially for exploring new rendering styles. We show not only how the basic mechanics of intercepting an OpenGL command stream lead to a non-invasive extension mechanism for graphics applications, but also how simply manipulating the stream severely limits the kinds of styles we can consider. We describe how our system efficiently reconstructs a declarative representation of the geometry implicit in the graphics library command stream. We present a set of application extensions built with this framework including several stylized renderers. Extensions built using our system are capable of changing the rendering style of applications on the fly at interactive rates.


This paper describes the design of dynamic decision support systems (DDSS) of a semiotic type. DDSS of such type is oriented towards open and dynamic problem domains and it is defined by the set of various models. The example of a DDSS prototype for monitoring and management of a nuclear power block, implemented on the basis of the tools G2+GDA using parallel processing is given. This work was supported by the Russian Fund of Fundamental Research (project 02-07-90042).


A method for free formaldehyde in resin crafts was developed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Formaldehyde in samples was extracted by ultrasonication with water as a solvent.Ramification conditions were studied and chromatographic parameters were optimized.The results showed that good quantitative performance was achieved after ultrasonic extraction for 20 min at a wavelength of 350 nm for analysis and a C18 column for separation.The detection limit of this method was 1.25 mg / kg.The linear range was from 0.05 mg / L to 10 mg / L with R2= 0.9995.Practical samples were determined,and precision and recovery tests were studied.The RSD were 1.3% ~ 5.3%(n = 6),and the recoveries of formaldehyde ranged from 89.6% to 108.5%.The established method is suitable for the analysis of formaldehyde in resin crafts.


The.mechanism of the Lyman α ionization of nitric oxide, which is mainly responsible for the formation of the D region, the lowest part of the ionosphere, is first briefly reviewed. From equations of the photochemical equilibrium, a model of the height distribution of the electron density is proposed as a function of the solar angle Θ and the scale height H, which is a function of the mesospheric temperature T. A method named Geoscanner based upon a set of curves that illustrate the theoretical relations between the phase of a continuous VLF radio wave for a long-distance transmission and the different parameters of the daytime atmosphere is described. This method is applied to analyse experimental data obtained by phase measurements for the 10.2 kHz transmission Trelew (Argentina) – Caen (France), nearly 12 000 km distant. It provides a mean value of the mesospheric temperature that is a characteristic of the studied path and day. The significance of such an integrated temperature, ranging between 190 an...


In order to study developmental and metabolic characteristics of normal and abnormal placental tissue, especially purine metabolism and effects of oxygen deprivation, we have optimized a method for primary culture of trophoblastic cells. After collagenase dispersion, the cells were enriched by filtration and cultured in Ham's F-10 medium. The cell population contained mainly syncytiotrophoblasts (over 90%), characterized using anti-cytokeratin and -vimentin antibodies, and the viability remained over 90%. The plating efficiency was significantly higher on dishes coated with fibronectin, collagen-IV or laminin, when compared to uncoated dishes. On the former, a higher degree of specialized function was retained, as evidenced by consistently higher chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion. Comparing first trimester and term trophoblast, the following observations have been made: no growth of either first or third trimester syncytiotrophoblast in primary culture; active mesenchymal cell growth in first trimester, but none in term cultures; hCG and pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein secretion inversely proportional to gestational age; a six-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase, but a 40% decrease in 5-nucleotidase activity with increasing gestational age, but no difference inthe activities of three other key enzymes of purine catabolism and reutilization; active de novo purine synthesis, but a large inter-placental variation. In conclusion, the trophoblastlc character and specialized function in the primary cultures are retained,and they can be used for studies on normal and abnormal placental metabolism.


The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is 'Primary fibromyalgia (fibrositis): Clinical study of 50 patients with matched normal controls', published by Yunus et al. in 1981. Over the years, long-term pain has had a confusing variety of names and, to some extent, that confusion persists. Chronic pain can be defined as pain which persists beyond the time expected for healing. Yunus et al. were the first to define fibromyalgia (fibrositis), as they called it, developing evidence-based diagnostic guidelines by comparing a group of patients with a pain-free matched control group. Based on their work, they also suggested a series of pain management approaches which remain valid today.


Study of Illinois farmers finds less favorable attitudes toward advertising than in similar study 16 years ago, but overall attitudes are still favorable.


neuropeptides. In this study, we investigated the effects of Nichin-to on the plasma levels of gut-regulated peptides [gastrin, somatostatin, motilin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P] in healthy human subjects. A single oral administration of Nichin-to caused significant (p < 0.05) increases in plasma levels of gastrin-, somatostatin-, VIP-, motilin-, CGRP- and substance P-immunoreactive substance (IS), compared with placebo group. In conclusion, these results might indicate that the pharmacological action of Nichinto is closely related to changes in these peptide levels in human plasma, and we hypothesize that the pharmacological effect of Nichin-to might be due to improvement of digestion, and accelerating the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion.


Object tracking based on adaptive discriminative model like Multiple Instance Learning(MIL)is widely paid attention these years.These methods use a classifier to deal with the images.The sample that can maximize the classifier score will be the result of the new object location at current frame.Based on MIL,Weighted Multiple Instance Learning(WMIL)proposes to integrate positive samples importance to train a classifier so that it can increase the contribution of positive samples,which has got better results.However,these classifiers will cause drift or tracking failure when the object location is inaccurate that will lead the performance of the classifiers to reduce.Based on WMIL,this paper proposes a method of combining with object matching constraints to preestimate object drifting problem,and then relocate the target location at the current frame,which will not cause drifting or tracking failure in the next frame.The results show that the proposed method has achieved much better performance on different videos with ground truth.


Preclinical systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) are important research activities to address the translational challengesof pain research. Systematic reviews provide empirical evidence to gain knowledge, inform future research agendas, and grant applications concurrent to developing researchers' professional skills. Systematic reviews are an effective approach to consolidating high-volume, rapidly accruing, and often conflicting research on a specific topic. Designed to address a specific research question, SRs use predefined methods to identify, select, and critically appraise all available and relevant literature to answer that question in an unbiased manner. This structured approach distinguishes SRs from narrative reviews. Where appropriate an MA can follow, whereby quantitative data are extracted and statistical techniques are used to summarise the outputs. Together, a SR and a MA can be conducted to assess the quality of experimental design, conduct, analysis and reporting and the reliability of the available and relevant data. Through decades of innovation by the Cochrane Collaboration and others, SRs and MAs now lie at the centre of clinical evidence. The information provided has fundamentally revolutionised clinical medicine at all levels, from informing policy and funding decisions to determining optimal treatments for individual patients. Before a clinical research project or funding application, it is best practise to conduct an SR to ascertain what is already known and to identify knowledge gaps. In the preclinical setting, SRs are relatively novel, partly because of inherent complexities and resource requirements for processing the large number and diverse preclinical publications, paradoxically a strong justification for SRs because they provide themeans to synthesise evidence fromheterogeneous studies. In some fields, they are gaining popularity (eg, stroke), and feasibility is improving with technical advances, for example, online review software, machine learning, and text mining. However, it is important to highlight that not all SRs require machine learning expertise: research questions can be defined based upon capacity, SR software are free andwidely accessible, and large-scale SRs constantly seek help from interested researchers who can learn as they participate. The aim of this review is to highlight the exciting possibilities a preclinical SR can bring to your research toolkit, demonstrate the importance of preclinical SRs in generating empirical evidence to aid robust experimental design, inform research strategy, and support funding applications. We provide guidance and signpost resources to conduct a preclinical SR.


This paper presents the contextual framework for a multi-method, multi-study of the State of the Information Systems Academic Discipline in Australia, and relates the genesis of the Australian study as preliminary to a larger Pacific-Asia study. Analysis of prior literature on the state of IS and on relevant theory, underpins a series of individual Australian state case studies that are combined with several conceptual analyses and a research issues survey. The paper outlines the methodological approach employed, with emphasis on the case study method of the multiple state studies. The process of multiple peer review of the studies is described. Importantly, this paper summarises and analyses each of the related sub-studies, also outlining ongoing work, beyond the overarching study reported herein.


This article evaluates the Portuguese situation in the framework of information society, adopting a comparative perspective between social groups and societies. Using Eurostat data, Portugal reveals prevailing fragilities in relation to the informational development of other European societies. It is assumed that digital divides between groups and territories play a key role in the (re)production of other social inequalities. In other words, they constitute indicators of societal development par excellence. Focusing in Portugal, data from the Portuguese Regulatory Authority for the Media (ERC) and from the CIES-IUL Network Society Survey were used to obtain a complementary and diachronic analysis. Despite the greater democratization of access to information and communication technologies, the concept of digital divide remains relevant in the Portuguese context. This is the case since the data reveal appreciable associations between digital access, uses and types of use, and social inequalities.


The article presents a case study which compares patterns of managerial interactions across six Spanish business enterprises to inductively construct a theory on how managerial interactions affect the content of realized strategy. The authors chose to use a qualitative method to develop an understanding of what determines the realization of strategic intent.


Direct speaking exam by one to one interaction between an examiner and an examinee requires a lot of time and efforts. Therefore, a speaking exam needs to be automated. The purpose of this research is to develop a computer assisted (automated) speaking exam called Bingar. This application incorporates multimedia elements, i.e. texts, images, audios, and videos, is developed. Furthermore, it consists of two applications: the exam manager, which facilitates the creation of each exam item, and the exam player, which is used to play the exam items sequentially and record the examinee's answer. Evaluation result shows that the application is ready to use to conduct an automatic speaking exam.


Ibrutinib (Imbruvica; Pharmacyclics) is the first Food and Drug Administration–approved inhibitor of Burton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Attenuation of BTK signaling ultimately leads to inhibition of B-cell proliferation and apoptosis. After a series of clinical trials, the Food and Drug Administration approved ibrutinib in patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 2014 and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia in 2015. Those trials included rare grade 3+ hemorrhagic events associated with ibrutinib. Herein, we report a unique presentation of back pain due to iliopsoas muscle hemorrhage in a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia after initiation of ibrutinib.


In this work, we analyze the classification, characteristics, and applications of photonic crystal fibers, and measure the sensing character of this device fabricated by lateral offset splicing a piece of grapefruit microstructure fiber with single mode fiber. The effective mode analysis software COMSOL is used to analyze the transmission modes in the grapefruit fiber, and the effective mode transmission index is measured. At the same time, the interference principle of the whole experiment is analyzed. With press and temperature changes, the sensitivity of the device was shown as 0.0078nm°C and 0.0021nm/με.


The objectives of this research are to design and develop character-based Interactive learning media to facilitate autonomous learning of college students in the course Capita Selecta to develop critical and creative thinking mathematical skills. Research methods and properties of the beginning of the study in the first phase of theoretical studies, mainly carried out in the literature study and consideration of the rational, empirical studies conducted when testing teaching materials and instruments interactive critical and creative thinking skills mathematically. The sample in this research is mathematics education students who take courses capita selecta math 3 group are 110 people. Data are collected to measure the ability to think critically and mathematicallycreative through a written test, while learning autonomy used to measure Questionnaire with Likert scale. The Results of the Research is that a character-based interactive learning media facilitate self-learning in the course Capita Selecta. The ability to think critically and mathematically creative of Students are adjusted at a high level qualifications. The Highest error of mathematic critical thinking made by students are at the focus indicator while the highest error of mathematic creative thinking are at the originality indicator.


Based on the cavity model method, which proposes a theoretical analysis method for rectangular microstrip patch antennas loaded with shorting pins, we calculated the input impedance and return loss performance of a rectangular patch antenna loaded with a single shorting pin and a rectangular patch antenna loaded with two shorting pins. The calculated results were then compared with each other. Based on this analytical method, and using an optimization technique, we proposed a design method for this type of antenna, and designed a rectangular patch antenna loaded with a single shorting pin which meets mobile communication demands both in operating frequency and impedance.


With a new filtration designed in Australia for Australian conditions 3M Purification is offering the wine production industry a 'next generation' opportunity.


The student "must see the master in action" said Billroth, than whom there was no greater clinical teacher, and Osler later insisted on having the students in the ward at the bedside. Curiously enough, modern teaching has drifted away from this fundamental principle; now there is usually a rigid and formal presentation of the patient's case, whereupon teacher and students leave the ward and the instructor gives a talk which could take place just as well in the amphitheater. At the same time that this absurd declension from the elementary principles of teaching medicine is going on, violent efforts are made on all sides artificially to "make things more graphic for the student"—hence audiovisual aids, television, groups, and panels. The Practitioners' Conferences in present book, says the preface, "have as their intent bedside teaching." To think that such a Barmecide feast could possibly replace bedside teaching surely declares the state


The invention discloses a pneumatic suspension seat which is formed by an upper seat body, a lower seat body, an inner hinge support, an outer hinge support, an air spring, a damper, a locking mechanism, a suspension control mechanism and a height adjusting control mechanism. The upper seat body, the lower seat body, the inner hinge support and the outer hinge support are hinged together through a hinge shaft, and the inner hinge support and the outer hinge support are located between the upper seat body and the lower seat body. The air spring is arranged between the lower portion of the inner hinge support and the lower seat body, and the damper is arranged between the hinge shaft and the lower seat body. Two arc locking pieces of the locking mechanism are fixed to the inner hinge support through a hinge shaft and lock the hinge shaft. Two cam fans of the suspension control mechanism control an air valve for suspension to work, so that the air spring is controlled to be inflated and deflated, and thus suspension of the seat is achieved. The height adjusting control mechanism controls the air spring to the inflated and deflated, so that the adjustment of the height of the seat is achieved, and meanwhile the height adjusting control mechanism controls the locking mechanism to achieve the locking and unlocking of the height of the seat.


The indoor microclimate is very often the major hazard issue for the conservation of heritage buildings, including wall and wood paintings. In many cases the heating devices are requested inside the monuments, but it is difficult to forecast the long term effect on precious work of arts. Generally, the long term monitoring of the air temperature and relative humidity, coupled to visual inspection and photographic recording is the way adopted for safeguarding the monument. Sometime, additional methods are applied as for example IR thermography, but not on regular basis, due to lack of precise procedure and standards. Furthermore, the cost is a limiting factor to only a few case studies. The proposed approach is to make such a crucial phase for the monument life: fruitful, cost effective and reliable. It is based on two steps: at first a short run monitoring using a new Quantitative IR Thermography (QIRT) technique; then the modeling of different occupancy policies and Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) solutions. An additional step could be added for verifying of the plant efficiency and tuning it. In this context, the use of numerical codes is a useful tool. In fact a numerical simulation allows the calculation of the indoor parameters in a large number of internal points, also because of the performances of modern computers. The aim of this work is to set up an investigation method allowing the prediction of the best indoor conditions for the preservation of the frescos and the correct utilization. The case study is a typical example of these problems bound to the fresco's maintenance, a small church with a precious XIII century fresco, San Biagio, near Treviso in the North-East of Italy. The reported example presents a synergetic effect of results obtained by measurements and by a numerical study. Actually, a precise evaluation of the equilibrium conditions between microclimate and the materials must drive the design of any intervention, including on-off heating of the buiding or intermittent occupancy policy. The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD), supported by a totally new thermographic technique allows investigating the presence of excess moisture on


In this comment, we show that the novel formulation of the Smagorinsky model coefficient, proposed by Ghorbaniasl et al. [Phys. Fluids 25, 055102 (2013)], satisfies neither the Galilean invariance nor the coordinate invariance, thus does not have physical significance. We conclude that their model is just to provide a coordinate-system-dependent dissipation term.


The problem of scheduling malleable tasks with precedence constraints is one of the most important strongly <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {NP}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="chen-ieq1-2813387.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-hard problems, given <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="chen-ieq2-2813387.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> identical processors and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="chen-ieq3-2813387.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> tasks. A malleable task is one that runs in parallel on a varying number of processors. In addition, the processing sequences of tasks are constrained by the precedence constraints. The goal is to find a feasible schedule that minimizes the makespan (maximum completion time). This article presents an iterative method for improving the performance ratio of scheduling malleable tasks. The proposed algorithm achieves an approximation ratio of 4.4841 after 2 iterations. This improves the so far best-known factor of 4.7306 due to Jansen and Zhang. For a large number of iterations (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>100$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="chen-ieq4-2813387.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula>), the approximation ratio of the proposed algorithm is tends toward <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2+\sqrt{2}\approx 3.4143$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="chen-ieq5-2813387.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>.


This paper presents the calculated demagnetization characteristics of different types of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) under the influence of demagnetizing MMF contributed by the stator currents (i.e., armature reaction). The demagnetization of NdFeB magnets is quantified in terms of demagnetized magnet volume and loss of magnet remanence using finite element (FE) analysis. The impact of cross-coupled q-axis current and the rotor position are also investigated. The results comparing seven PM machine configurations show that burying the magnets inside the rotor using interior PM (IPM) rotor configurations generally improves the demagnetization performance. In addition, the machine configurations with distributed windings generally provides better demagnetization-withstand capabilities than the configurations with fractional-slot concentrated windings.


The change of indLstriel develepment in the Ktaky lndustrial KIZ Emscher Germany has been investigatecL The industriatization process in bo 【 h areas has changed the evnvironmert from a 口 agrarian Iandscape i 冂 to a dersily U 」 ilt industrjel la 口〔 蛤 cape , This pr ess has res 凵 tted in the charnge in struct じ re ot emplayment by sect 〔 xs 、 the expansion of ipt 加 slrial Iocatio 冂 in bo ヒ h areas , as wdl as the increase inb 凵 ilt area , indLstriah area and infrastructure . The change i 冂 lndLtstriel developrne 耐 in the Wit 創 kyLshu lndustrLal Zore t ⊂ dk place in avery shert timeand inthe Emscher Zo e けle contrary was very bn9


The African continent is among the least urbanized areas of the world but it is currently undergoing very rapid urban growth. About 30% of the total population now lives in urban areas for the most part newly formed and grouping together populations largely of rural origin. African cities have generated new forms of satisfying the employment housing and other needs of their citizens that do not greatly resemble the norms of older "western" cities. In the early 20th century only about 3% of the population in Africa south of the Sahara lived in cities. Large cities existed in North Africa and had great influence on their hinterlands. By the early 1950s the urban population in Africa still accounted for only about 12% of the total. In sub-Saharan Africa the growth of urban populations is a recent phenomenon occurring as part of the demographic transition. Control of urban growth was a major concern of the colonizers and only with independence did urban growth really accelerate. Over the past 3 decades Africas urbanization has been very rapid especially since it is largely unsupported by increased agricultural productivity or enlargement of the system of production. High fertility of their own populations and relentless inmigration from rural areas have produced annual growth rates in excess of 7% that have persisted over decades. The number of cities with over 500000 inhabitants increased from 3 in 1960 to 28 in 1980 in sub-Saharan Africa. The effects of rapid growth and large mass make Africas urban expansion difficult to manage. Within countries and regions rates of urbanization vary greatly. Libya is 73% urban but Burundi Uganda and Rwanda are less than 10% urban. The least urbanized part of Africa extends from Senegal to Namibia following a curve passing the countries of the Sahel to Somalia and the East African highlands. This vast crescent shaped space separates 3 regions of unequal urban dimensions. In the north the Moslem Arab Mediterranean countries form a homogeneous block characterized by rates of urbanization of 50% or greater. South Africa is also highly urbanized. A zone in central Africa touching to Congo Republic Liberia Cameroon and most of Nigeria contains around 50 million urban residents.


Welding of rails is only permitted within narrow temperature limits. The SKV 32 001 press is a device with a light, powerful, hydraulic pump (655 kg), which makes it possible, apartfrom the stipulated temperature limits, to draw or compress rails so as to make and keep the gap between the rails to be welded the exact optimal size.


In the Mid-Southern Song Dynasty,official corruption,heavy tax and peasant uprising were very popular.In order to rectify malpractice and govern the nation,Zhu Xi advocated the ideology of the People-basisism idea:to reduce tax,to save the famished people,to develop agriculture and to punish corrupted officials.Zhu Xi's endavour obtained certain effect and actively promoted the development of the society.His ideology of the People-basisism was based on his philosophy of "benevolence" being "natural reason" and "overcoming one's desire,regaining ceremony being benevolence",which saveguarded feudal order,or feudal rank system,so it existed with much limition.


Emphysematous gangrene,urinary system diseases and fracture are common among injured victims after earthquake,and can cause serious complications. Therefore,discussing the prevention and nursing methods for injured victims with complications has important significance. This paper summerized the specific nursing method of our hospital during the medical relief activity after 4·20 Ya'an earthquake. Through targeted prevention method,the incidence of complications effectively reduced,and it has positive significance for treating patients.


The European Commission's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) offers contextual data security and breach notification standards applicable to organizations located or doing business in the EU. These regulations are compared to US and Canadian standards. Although each jurisdiction's regulations differ, they all account for situational risk and harm to individual data subjects and strongly encourage encryption.


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Vibration attenuation is necessary in many electro-mechanical systems. In this paper electromagnetic damping is applied on a flexible cantilever beam (FCB) made of ferromagnetic material. The lateral vibration is controlled by employing two electromagnetic poles mounted in the same axis as that of a vibrating cantilever beam. A power amplifier is developed to provide desired current to the electromagnet. Comparison of damping achieved at different electromagnetic forces is presented. The study employs a new method of applying a constant DC power to one of the electromagnets while other is connected to a variable current source. Experimental results are presented that show the effectiveness of the presented approach.


The aim of synthetic biology is to build engineering devices using biological processes. Potential applications of such systems range from the production of specific materials (such as biofuels and drugs), through biological sensing and diagnostics (chemical detection, medical diagnostics) to the design of biological machines. The book under review provides an introduction to the principles and tools required for modelling and analysing bimolecular systems. In particular, it illustrates the use of feedback and control to ensure the correct operating behaviour of more complex devices obtained by connecting simple systems.


To evaluate the differences in NPK accumulation and translocation in dryland winter wheat cultivars with different yields,nine winter wheat cultivars were planted on field with no fertilizer application for six years.The results showed significant differ-ences in NPK accumulation,translocation and K loss for different cultivars.Before anthesis,increased fertilizer rate led to more rapid increase in N accumulation in high-yield cultivars than in medium-and low-yield cultivars.At pre-anthesis,however,there were no significant differences in P accumulation among different-yield wheat cultivars.High-yield cultivars were characterized as high post-anthesis N and P accumulation and low K loss levels.This was due to high ability to save translocated K in wheat grains.Also in high-yield cultivars,N and P translocation and remobilization efficiencies,and the contribution of remobilized N and P to grain yield were lower than those in low-yield cultivars.However,there was no obvious difference in K accumulation and translocation at pre-anthesis.Consequently,higher post-anthesis N and P accumulation and lower K loss were important driving factors of higher grain yields in dryland wheat cultivars.


As an agricultural product, cassava is recognized as a special commodity which has high potential for local and export product. High production cost and low selling price are still become common problem faced by farmers. These common problem leads to low income for the farmers. The opinion to cassava product as unimportance product with low profit has consequence to make low of institution involvement to this product. The objective of this research was to evaluate the current condition of supply chain of cassava products. Direct visit to the farmers and discussion with some industries were implemented to this research. Sampling method was used to reach accurate data from farmers and industries in each research area. It was starting from the industries which use cassava as raw material for production process. The result revealed that strong involvement actors in supply chain of cassava product were farmers, big and small collectors, industries (processors or producer), food store and consumers. The details of flow of material, financial and information were identified in this research. Added value of selected products of cassava also explained is this paper. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of Jurusan Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada.


Plain writing does not literally mean "plain." Plain writing is skillful writing: simple and direct, interesting, readable, and even eloquent. We can do more than merely remind our students about the concepts of grammar, paragraph structure and syntax; we can provide students with simple methods to implement them. Even for more skilled writers, these simple tools are effective self-editing checks. Using these methods, students of all levels can improve their writing and gain understanding that plain language is not so "plain" after all.


The domains of propagation, the phase characteristics and the lower and upper cut-off frequencies of the circular waveguide, containing a thin central dielectric cylinder, surrounded by a thick latching ferrite toroid, magnetized azimuthally to remanence, are studied for the normal TE01 mode, assuming equal values of the relative permittivities of both strata. The main result of analysis is that the presence even of a tiny symmetric isotropic non-uniformity in the anisotropic medium around the axis alters completely the phase behaviour of the configuration, compared to the case in which the ferrite takes up the entire transmission line, discussed earlier. This is especially noticeable, if the sign of its magnetization is positive (counter-clockwise). Moreover, the change of the dimension of the inner layer, of its permittivity, preserving that of the outer one the same and of the direction of magnetization, are the most important factors that determine the position, borderlines, form and size of the area in the phase plane in which the wave might be supported, as well as the distribution of its two kinds of cut-off frequencies.


Robot audition is a research field to realize the capability of a robot to listen to a general sound, i.e., a mixture of sound sources, by using its own microphones. This simultaneous listening function obviously makes human-robot interaction richer and more natural. Robot audition has only a ten-year history [1], and thus we have seldom found an Open Source Software (OSS) for auditory functions so that any person in the world can use them, while we can find OSS like OpenCV in computer vision, which has a longer history. We released open source robot audition software HARK, which aims at "OpenCV in robot audition" in 2008 as a compilation of our achievements including a function of listening to simultaneous utterances [2]. One of our dreams with HARK is to make and deploy "Prince Shotoku" robots in the world. Prince Shotoku is a Japanese legendary person who was able to understand 10 simultaneous petitions and deal with them appropriately. So far, HARK has been downloaded from numerous universities, institutes and companies all over the world, and international collaboration through HARK has been established as mentioned in Sec. 5.. We also have continuous activities to propagate HARK via many presentations at international conferences and Japanese research meetings, and several one-day tutorials ranging from theoretical to practical topics. Such activities and international collaboration growth have given us a lot of know-how on applying HARK to robots, and have helped us to build the HARK community. Therefore, we feel that we enjoy the benefit from our OSS project for robot audition. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: first, we discuss technical issues in robot audition. Secondly, we describe technical solutions for the issues such as sound source localization, sound source separation, speech enhancement, and automatic speech recognition of separated speech. After that, we show applications using HARK modules. Finally, we give a summary and future directions.


Ideological coverage is a journalistic practice that abandons objective ideals in favor of opinionated analysis. Although editorialism has always been evident in American journalism, this practice is becoming more frequent among cable broadcasters as the industry responds to growing economic pressures. This essay examines ideological coverage to determine whether it meets journalistic duties, such as veracity, and if it can facilitate a deliberative democracy. Additionally, the essay outlines guidelines that allow for ethical, ideological reporting.


The present study evaluates the drug dietary interaction potential of garlic with glimepiride. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in overnight fasted wistar rats by streptozotocin and Nicotinamide. Six groups of rats viz. group 1(normal control), group 2 (diabetic control), group 3(standard) and groups 4, 5 and 6 (groups having standard drug glimepiride with aqueous extract of garlic i.e. 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively) were employed in the study and each group contained seven animals. Blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL levels were estimated from 1st day to 28th day and statistically significant hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic effects seen with co-administration of glimepiride and garlic at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight as compared to glimepiride alone (p < 0.05). There were slight increases in HDL levels, however these were not statistically significant compared to the first day values. This study revealed that a drug interaction also provides some beneficial effects. As in this study; use of glimepiride with garlic treatment not only resulted in tight glycaemic control in diabetic rats but also provide beneficial hypolipidaemic effect, closely related to diabetes progression.


Synopsis – Infertility is not an individual problem demanding an individual solution. It is a social problem that cannot be solved purely by medical intervention. Infertile women, pressurized both by social attitudes towards infertility and their own desire for a child find themselves in a crisis situation. In order to overcome the crisis they turn to the only available help – the medical establishment. The technodocs offer technologies that are not the best solution for infertile women. However, they are seen as such because of the social and political ramifications that lie behind them. This article claims that an alternative to reproductive technology must be found by the feminist movement. A holistic alternative suggested at this stage is the setting up of infertility crisis centers. Such centers should have four main aims. They should (1) empower infertile women by giving them all available information and realistic counselling; (2) become pressure groups to encourage research into the causes of infertility; (3) work to change the face of infertility treatment, and (4) radically alter social attitudes towards infertility.


Infrared decoy is a common method of infrared countermeasures(IRCM). In order to research the corresponding anti-interference strategy, it is necessary to establish an IR decoy movement model. This paper researches on the movement characteristics of IR decoy, probes into the calculation method for IR decoy aerodynamic parameters, then establishes a relatively accurate movement model, at last, simulates the model based on computer simulation which provides the basis for further research on the IR decoy.


The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the supplementation of compound feed during rearing and before serving of gilts with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) influences the organometric parameters of their reproductive system and their reproductive performance. The experimental work was carried out in operating conditions of a production pig farm. Total number of 80 gilts (40 gilts in control group and 40 gilts in experimental group) of hybrid combination Czech Large White x Czech Landrace (CLW x CL) were included in the observation. During the experiment the gilts were fed with a control compound feed and an experimental compound feed suplemented with 2% of CLA for the time of 65 days. After insemination, 20 gilts from both groups were selected randomly, in which organometric parameters of reproductive system were evaluated post mortem. Remaining gilts were tested for their reproductive performance on the first litter. Based on gained results it can be concluded, that the CLA supplementation decreases the mean age of gilts at the time of first service (P 0.05). Neither statistically significant differences were found in organometric parameters of the reproductive system (P > 0.05). Evaluation of reproductive performance parametres revealed reaching better results in the experimental group (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the supplementation of diet for gilts during rearing with CLA can improve their reproductive performance.


Abstract.- Tomur National Nature Reserve (TNNR) is one of the biggest reserves in northwestern China containing the endangered snow leopards. But only a few snow leopard signs were found here by Schaller in 1988. And it was reported that more than 10 snow leopards were illegally killed by local herders the next year after Schaller's survey, so the snow leopard was assumed to have nearly disappeared in this nature reserve. From October to November 2004 and October to December 2005, we conducted snow leopard sign surveys in four major valleys in TNNR using the Snow Leopard Information Management System (SLIMS). We ran 69 transects covering c. 39.7 km and located 56 sites with 131 snow leopard signs. Combined with the results of previous snow leopard sign surveys and camera trapping studies in Muzart valley of TNNR, we conclude that snow leopards appear to have re-inhabited the nature reserve. But conflict between snow leopard and herders still exist in this area and we are far from resolving it.


The stress distribution at the contact area of a machine element has a large effect on the total performance of the machine. It is one of the important factors that closely relate to the performance of the element as a gear pair, a set of bolt and nut and so on. Many theoretical studies for estimating the contact stress were published. However, their validity has not been proved by experiments, because the known measuring methods are insufficient in accuracy or resolving power. The measuring method using martensite transformation is offered in this paper. If the stress is applied to the test piece made of 18-8 stainless steel at a temperature of 198 K, the stressed part of the test piece changes its structure from austenite to martensite. The martensite structure has the nature of ferromagnetism. Therefore, the contact stress distribution in the test piece can be obtained by measuring the distribution of remaining magnetism. For confirming the practical use of the method some experiments have been done using the block type (10 mm in thickness) and the film type (5 μm in thickness) test pieces of stainless steel. It has been confirmed that at the more stressed part, the more martensite transformation is induced in the test pieces, and that the test pieces have sensitivity for the measurement of the stress distribution. A homogeneous structure in the test piece is needed for the purpose of measurement.


In the present study, we investigated the effect of PPAR ligands on progesterone (P4) and 17β-estradiol (E2) secretion, as well as 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ(5)-Δ(4) isomerase (3β-HSD) mRNA expression, in porcine endometrial slices collected on days 10–12 and 14–16 of the estrous cycle or early pregnancy. The explants were incubated in vitro for 6 h in the presence of PPARα ligands – WY-14643 (agonist) and MK 886 (antagonist); PPARβ ligands – L-165041 (agonist) and GW 9662 (antagonist); PPARγ ligands – 15d-prostaglandin J2 and rosiglitazone (agonists) and T0070907 (antagonist). During the estrous cycle, all PPAR ligands inhibited P4 secretion during the mid-luteal phase (days 10–12). During early pregnancy, a stimulatory effect of PPARα agonist was observed during maternal recognition of pregnancy (days 10–12), while an inhibitory effect was observed at the beginning of implantation (days 14–16). PPAR ligands inhibited the expression of 3β-HSD mRNA on days 14–16 of the estrous cycle (β and γ isoforms) or pregnancy (α, β, γ isoforms) but did not affect gene expression on days 10–12 of the estrous cycle or early pregnancy. An inhibitory effect of PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ on E2 secretion was observed during maternal recognition of pregnancy, but a stimulatory effect was observed during mid(γ isoform) or late-luteal (β isoform) phases of the estrous cycle. Our study indicates, for the first time, that PPARs are engaged in P4 and E2 production in porcine endometrium. It is possible that the diverse receptivity of endometrial tissue to the PPAR ligands can be associated with the reproductive status of gilts.


One of the main themes running through the work of Norman Long is the differential ways in which policy statements and directions are being reinterpreted and transformed at the various levels of organisation and interaction on their way to 'the local people'. Much of his and his students' work (often illustrated with wonderfully detailed case studies), has been devoted to showing how local actors, in their own interaction or in interaction with development agents, have appropriated external policy messages and the resources that often accompany them. In this way, these actors have created or expanded their 'room to manoeuvre' and have thus been able to transform policy programmes and projects themselves. The central issue concerns the question of how to conceptualise and analyse the ways in which the state operates and affects people's lives. Norman Long has been exceptionally sensitive to the problem of avoiding simple dichotomies between state and civil society. His work on what he initially called the interface over time developed into a sophisticated analysis of the complex contexts in which what is conveniently summarised as 'the state' affects peoples lives, be they part of the state or not. It could also be characterised as an attempt to come to grips with what is known as the 'actor-structure' problematic, an attempt that combines micro and macro levels, devoting particular attention to variation in time and space. His interests have been largely similar to our own concerns, though clearly the emphasis is slightly different. What binds Norman Long and us perhaps the most is a strong focus on the historical dimensions of the issues we are interested in: issues such as the development of a time-oriented legal anthropology that combines a long-term historical perspective with the perspective of individually centred, short-term, choice making instrumental action and interaction (Moore, 1978: 256; F. von Benda-Beckmann, 1979: 6). One way of looking at institutionalisation is by studying how, why and to what extent actors are involved in trying to 'bind the future' (Stinchcombe, 1997) through their actions, deliberations and struggles. History is treated not so much as a focus on the past, but as a dimension for understanding the present and as a


Extensive anecdotal evidence suggests that practices related to familism are widespread in Italian universities. However, systematic evidence is not available since information on family relations is generally unavailable or con dential. We explore the relevance of family ties in the Italian academia as well as the relationship between familism and scientific production. We use a novel dataset on individual characteristics of professors in all Italian universities with a particular focus on the informative content of last names. We construct an academic homonymity index (AHI) by comparing the relative frequency of a last name in each academic unit (department, faculty, university) with its relative frequency in the population of the area in which the university is located derived from data from the Italian scal census. Our index provides an intuitive measure of how disproportionately common a certain last name is within a specific academic unit relative to the overall underlying population. We use our index to investigate differences across universities, regions, and disciplines in the relevance of family connections. Our preliminary results are highly consistent with the anecdotal evidence and show significant differences across regions and disciplines. Interestingly, we also find a strong negative correlation between our index of homonymity and standard measures of interpersonal trust in the area where the university is located. Finally, with regard to the relationship between the strength of family connections and academic productivity, our preliminary findings show that universities which score higher in our homonymity measure tend to be characterized by poorer academic performance, especially in terms of research achievement.


it is as useful to know that Switzerland is a confederation as that South Africa is a union. Cabinet members of governments are named usually with relation to their party membership. I t would be enlightening and useful to many if the cabinets were tabulated so that the technical composition of governments as well as their personnel would be evident. The dates of cabinet appointments are given only for the cabinets in office at press time; where a cabinet has been in and out of office since the last edition, a note of the fact would enhance the reference value of the Handbook.