Smart materials are active materials that are nowadays commonly used for sensing, actuation, and transduction for structural noise (acoustic), shape (morphing) and vibration control and health monitoring of (in historical order) offshore petroleum, aerospace, aeronautic, mechanical, civil (including infra-structures and wind turbines) and biomedical engineering. More recently, they were also used for energy harvesting from environment for autonomously and wirelessly powering of various temperature or pressure monitoring sensors and some medical (fluidic) implants and (surgery) devices. When surface bonded onor embedded into-passive structures, smart materials provide them with additional active functionalities such as autonomously, wirelessly and selfreacting to their deformation or stress states and surrounding environment; thus, rendering them smart structures. On the other hand, nano materials, having characteristic dimensions of less than 100 nm and that are nowadays available in particles, short or long fibres, tubes, platelets, or thin films forms, were developed for enhancing passive structural materials performance; for example, for increasing their thermal and electrical conductivities or/and their mechanical (mainly elastic) resistance or stiffness. They were mostly used as reinforcements of such materials. While the nanotechnology in engineering is being developed mostly independently from smart materials, a recent growing tendency is to combine nano and smart materials in order to enhance synergistically the resulting smart structures performance and reach new designs or/and applications. This is, for example, the main aim of the present International Journal for Smart and Nano Materials (IJSNM), and of joining the series of International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering (SMN) with that of International Conference on Smart Materials and Structures (CANSMART) in 2015, or with that of the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Smart Structures and Materials (SMART) in 2017. By merging such events, cross-fertilization of multidisciplinary – driven inspiration ideas and multi-research communities' cross-dialogue are reached. The present IJSNM special issue spans volume 9's issue 1 [1-4] and issue 2 [5-8]; it contains 8 papers [1-8] that were extended and revised (some of them twice) according to 3 anonymous and independent peer reviewers' reports. They were spontaneously submitted following an open call to the participants of the joint 8th SMART and 6th SMNheld inMadrid (Spain) from 5 to 8 June 2017. The latter attracted 250 submissions from 36 countries representing 5 continents, among which 220 ones were presented in 7 plenary lectures (PL), 4 keynote lectures (KL), 16 mini-symposia (MS) that were organized by experts in their related research fields, 1 special session (SS), 3 general sessions (GS) and 1 Poster session [9]. This major event, in the joined fields of 'smart structures, materials and nano technology in engineering', was supported by several academic and research institutions as well as by industrial companies and research centres. It was closed by a technical visit to a 'design and INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SMART AND NANO MATERIALS, 2018 VOL. 9, NO. 2, 85–87 https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2018.1463938


This paper describes a clustering algorithm for vector quantizers using a "stochastic association model". It offers a simple, powerful and efficient soft-max adaptation rule. The adaptation process is the same as the on-line K-means clustering method except for adding random fluctuation in the distortion error evaluation process. For hardware implementation of this process, we propose a nanostructure with 3D-nanodot arrays, whose operation is described by a single-electron circuit. It positively uses fluctuation in quantum mechanical tunneling processes.


Emerging mm-wave and high-speed fiber-optic applications will demand signal and network instrumentation with bandwidths beyond 1O0 GHz. We have developed nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) pulse generators and NLTL-based sampling circuits with bandwidths exceeding 500 GHz. For on-wafer parameter and waveform measurements, we have constructed active probes incorporating an NLTL-based network analyser IC and rugged, low-loss quartz coplanar-waveguide probe tips. Measurements are made with a pulsed (NLTL) stimulus signal with frequency information obtained by Fourier transformation. On-wafer measurements have been demonstrated to 200 GHz.<<ETX>>


In this work is described a microvertebrate assemblage from the Upper Pleistocene site of Antolinako Koba. There are four stratigraphical units, the age of the younger one is 10220±40 B.P. while the oldest one is 29.990±230 B.P. The microvertebrate fossil assemblage is represented by 13 micromammal species, 4 reptilians and 3 amphibians. The temperature and the humidity variations estimated on the basis of the micromammal assemblage of Antolinako Koba is very similar to that inferred from other sites. The levels with low taxonomic diversity correspond to the most temperate periods, whereas higher diversity occurs in levels corresponding to cooler periods. This difference could be caused by the predator that produced the microvertebrate bone accumulation.


A method for mixed-phase bismuth molybdate doped with Eu3+ ions was developed by solid-state reaction assisting with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The results of powder X-ray diffraction showed a mixed-phase structure and the microscopical characterization technology revealed the formation process with the addition of PVA. As a structure inducer, the PVA molecules played a vital role in the formation of phase structure. The as-obtained Eu3+-doped bismuth molybdates were also characterized by using different spectroscopic techniques including FTIR and photoluminescence (PL). The results show that doping concentration, PVA addition and calcination temperature affect photoluminescence properties remarkably.


![Figure][1]

The Neanderthal is not entirely extinct. In fact, some part of this otherwise ancient hominin remains among us today, manifest in about 2% of the DNA of many modern humans as a result of ancient interbreeding between our species. One strand of Svante Paabo's Neanderthal Man explains the nearly 20 years of research that eventually led to this finding. Paabo provides a riveting, personal account of the development of paleogenetics and the technical revolution that made the field possible. The memoir also traces the sometimes unconventional path that led to his becoming a globe-trotting professor.

![Figure][1]

Neanderthal type material

PHOTO: SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/CORBIS

The author's success has stemmed from his determination to pursue what many assumed were unknowable answers to fundamental questions about human origins. In a career replete with unexpected twists, Paabo conducted secret experiments on Egyptian mummies, researched modern kangaroo rats as well as ancient cave bears, and even used genetic analyses of his own students' sperm to advance his research. His journey was certainly not without its difficulties, and he writes about complications with merciless candor. For instance, he leaves out few raw details when discussing his own insecurities, shortcomings of his and others' research, political and cultural obstacles that often impede scientific progress, and the affairs (romantic as well as scientific) that at times threatened to turn research collaborators into competitors.

The author effectively conveys both the broad implications of his work and his concern for scientific details. While reading, you may find yourself with the sudden urge to wash your hands when Paabo expounds on the ubiquitous nature of DNA contamination and the absolute necessity for a completely sterile workspace. These fears were particularly salient in the earlier years, when he required that all data of any importance be independently replicated by scientists in other laboratories. For perhaps his most celebrated finding—that there exists a "clearly discernible genetic contribution from Neanderthals to people outside Africa"—Paabo would settle for no fewer than three independent lines of statistical evidence before publishing. To nonscientists, this self-professed meticulousness may at times seem to border on neurotic. But in a time of frequent headlines about scientific fraud, his portrayal of the internal and external struggles that accompany a career in academia refreshingly illustrates the high standards required for a rigorous research program.

At its core, the book is about exposing secrets: from the nucleotide sequences laboriously pried from 40,000-year-old bones to the inner workings of a prominent researcher's mind. Whether unacquainted with Paabo's work or regular followers of his publications, readers will find that Neanderthal Man provides a nonpareil account of the development of the field of ancient DNA.

 [1]: pending:yes


Microhardness measurements have been carried out in pure GaSb and InSb, doped GaSb, and In 0.2 Ga 0.8 Sb samples. Young's modulus and hardness have been obtained from experimental microhardness results and compared with Young's and shear moduli calculated from published compliance values. It is found that the level of doping used in this work (10 19 atoms/cm 3 ) does not modify the behaviour of the elastic properties of GaSb. Furthermore, Young's modulus and hardness remain the same for both pure GaSb and In 0.2 Ga 0.8 Sb. In the case of InSb these parameters take lower values corresponding to a softer material than GaSb.


Introduction:Mandibular involvement in mucormycosis is rare, and only a few cases of post covid-19 mandibular mucormycosis have been reported to date.Materials & methods: This is a retrospective descriptive case series study conducted at a tertiary care centre.We report the clinico-epidemiological profile and management of 5 cases of post covid mandibular mucormycosis. All patients received intravenous antifungals at the earliest and underwent surgical debridement of the infected bone. Results: 4 patients were managed satisfactorily. 1 patient succumbed to the disease. Extent of debridement was based on the clinical, radiological and intraoperative assessment of the mandible.Conclusion: Mandibular mucormycosis is rare and early recognition of symptoms and treatment is imperative in reducing the spread of disease, decreasing the extent of resection and postoperative reconstruction.


In this study, we synthesized findings from qualitative studies to identify the key factors that influence child marriage. We used a meta-ethnographic approach coupled with thematic synthesis. We searched literature from nine databases, which were in English language, covering areas in public health, psychology, and social science between 2008 and 2018. Twelve studies were included in the synthesis. We identified six main themes: human insecurity and conflict; legal issues; family values and circumstances; religious beliefs; individual circumstances, beliefs, and knowledge; and social norms. Our findings highlight the impact of human insecurity and conflict, as well as legal issues. In spite of global progress scaling up legislation against child marriage, the legal framework is insufficiently enforced in many settings. Most of the included studies were from the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia. Studies from other parts of the world such as Latin America and Southeast Asia, which have the highest rates of child marriage, are needed.


The synthesis of a common main skeleton of thiostrepton peptides, A10255G and J, containing a few kinds of unusual amino acids is described.


In India, organized retail has permeated consumer's lives with people getting acquainted with the concept of private brands. An analysis of past data reveals that private brands gained popularity during the economic recession & sustained the market due to the strategy of blending good quality with competitive prices. Similar to India's retail industry, the private brand has shown incredible consistency & growth potential. This paper aims to reveal the current consumer perceptions and attitudes towards convenience foods in private brand category. It also assesses the extent to which the perception and attitude of consumers towards the private brand enable the retailer to build store loyalty. The study also ascertains the impact of various demographic factors on the perception and attitude towards private brands. The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of perception on attitude and store loyalty. Pearson's Correlation was used to study the relationship between the variables considered for the study. This study is conducted in the city of Cochin which is ahead in the growth trajectory in terms of proliferation of modern trade and the contribution of modern trade to consumer packaged goods sales.


intensive care units are: professional quality, cognition and professional nursing knowledge structure of nursing staff in intensive care units; Intensive care unit setup and associated infectious factors; Intensive care unit environment; Healthcare cooperation. This paper describes in detail the measures to reduce multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in intensive care units and the psychological rehabilitation of patients, which has certain clinical value. Consumption increasingly involves the psychological needs of individuals, and the emotions generated by individuals will also have an impact on subsequent consumption behavior. We often see "cases of anxiety marketing, where merchants induce consumer anxiety to induce consumers to buy self-improvement products." But whether anxiety can promote consumers' self-improvement willingness to spend, and whether this mechanism will be affected by other factors. Based on the characteristics of pharmaceutical products, this paper constructs a dual-channel model in which market demand is affected by the promotional efforts provided by pharmaceutical manufacturers and consumer channel preferences, and analyzes the impact of promotional efforts and consumer channel preferences on the profits of pharmaceutical supply chain. The analysis found that taking dual channels is advantageous for pharmaceutical manufacturers when promotional efforts are made to meet constraints. When the consumer channel preference is low, the use of "revenue sharing + repurchase + promotion cost sharing" With the development of society, the pressure on college students in all aspects is increasing, resulting in a continuous decline in their mental health level. As a discipline with obvious humanistic characteristics, English discipline plays an important role in the discipline penetration of mental health education. More attention needs to be paid to mental health education, so interpreting the elements of mental health education in English textbooks is one of the ways to implement students' mental health education, and it is also a process of exploring psychological science. Starting from the particularity of English disciplines, combined with the relevant theoretical content of mental health education, this paper adopts the content analysis method to analyze the mental health education elements of characters in English textbooks, which are divided into five aspects: character gender, country, occupation, personality characteristics, and interpersonal relationships. The implementation of English teaching classrooms for college students' mental health education is investigated and studied, and English teaching methods based on mental health education are proposed, and its feasibility and effectiveness are also verified. Finally, the mode of integration of English teaching and mental health education is summarized, and new ideas and methods for the integration of education between disciplines are also proposed. Table tennis course is one of the physical education courses generally offered in most colleges and universities. There are many skills and methods. This paper tests whether the frustration teaching method of table tennis can stimulate students' potential and improve students' psychological endurance through experiments. Combined with the psychological pressure made by counselors, the quality of students is comprehensively evaluated. In order to verify whether the use of frustration teaching method in table tennis teaching will have an impact on College Students' psychological stress tolerance. The test results show that the test scores of psychological stress quality of students in the experimental group using frustration teaching method in table tennis teaching are generally higher than those of students in the ordinary group. And in the process of final examination, the skill level of students in the experimental group who have carried out frustration teaching method is relatively stable.


Dental cleanings are defective when it enough success when using a purification technique to remove plaque and / or when lesions and defects are induced. This causes diseases in the oral cavity and significant cost. The Zahrweinigungssystem invention consists of manually or electrically operated, and with sensors, at least for acceleration and pressure tipped toothbrush and wirelessly connected display unit, eg. In the form of a commercially available handy telecommunication device. From sensor data transmitted, the display unit continuously calculates feedback about the actual brushing operation, which displays it to the user, who thus not only control the cleaning of all tooth surfaces, but also can continuously improve its brushing technique after correction instructions. In addition, its current movements while brushing your teeth are compared with previously recorded to early indications create or references to possibly be able to obtain developing diseases of the central nervous system. The recording function opens up research opportunities for diverse studies with high numbers subjects, in the dental care they provide individual movements to update user profiles ready to represent brushing operations due to constantly improved knowledge with higher spatial resolution and possibly deliberately pretending corrections.


The preceding presentations have served to illustrate the fact that nucleoside analogs vary widely from each other with respect to the biological systems they can affect and the biochemical targets they can inhibit. This diversity of action is but a visible manifestation of the effect that a given structural change exerts on the interaction between a nucleoside and its target (see Ref. 1 for details). The future development of nucleoside analogs as useful therapeutic agents would be facilitated if correlations could be established between a given structural modification and the change in biological activity it produces. Such relationships, which would carry predictive value of reasonable reliability, are not easily established for the group of compounds designated as nucleoside analogs. The reason for this difficulty becomes readily apparent upon inspection of FIGURES l a and lb. Both purine and pyrimidine analogs have the potential of undergoing a relatively large number of biotransformations along numerous metabolic paths, and they can thereby affect not only the synthesis of the nucleic acids, but also that of proteins and carbohydrates and many other cell constituents. With use of existing knowledge, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to predict reliably to what extent a given nucleoside analog will be metabolized, anabolically as well as catabolically. It is equally difficult to anticipate to what extent an analog will interact with each of the enzymes in the path along which it is being converted, and to predict with some accuracy at which site it will exert its primary physiological effect. In order to be able to make reliable predictions concerning its potential activity, we would have to know, accurately, the extent of these interactions, and we would also require information concerning additional parameters such as the rate of entry of the analog into the cell, and the regulatory effect it exerts upon the cell metabolism by virtue of its accumulation in the cell and its interference with the flow of natural cell constituents. We would have to be acquainted with the biochemical changes that result from its incorporation into nucleic acid and the effect of it being bound to cellular structures such as ribosomes and membranes. We would have to know to what extent it interferes with the biosynthesis of cellular products such as hormones, which affect tissue function, and, in the intact animal, we would require information on its rate of absorption, distribution, and elimination, parameters that affect its intracellular concentration. Even if we had all these data, we would probably have missed numerous additional factors that contribute to activity and that may not be quite as apparent. A practical example of the difficulty inherent in predicting the extent and the mode of action of a given nucleoside analog is exemplified by the antibiotic tubercidin (7-deazaadenosine) (FIGURE 2), a nucleoside highly cytotoxic to microbial as well as to mammalian c e I l ~ . ~ ~ Tjy virtue of its close structural analogy to adenosine, it has


Olefin-based copolymers made affine by grafting, charac terised in that they are composed of: i) at least one polyolefin functionalised with reactive functions of an appropriate type and in controlled number; ii) and at least one mono-functional type oligomer with a predetermined chain length, a low polydispersity indeX and an absolutly controlled Structure, which is grafted on the functionalised polyolefin by means of reactive functions.


This article is devoted to the latest technology of computer-aided design-Building Information Modeling (Building Information Modeling or Building Information Model). It discusses the prerequisites for the emergence of information modeling, describes its advantages and capabilities compared with the traditional two-dimensional design method and are presented in the figures. Currently in Russia there is a problem of introducing BIM. In this paper, we identified the main problem of introducing BIM technologies in Russia, which is associated with a decrease in the productivity of designers when switching to a new design technology, as well as possible solutions to this problem. In addition, the difficulties arising from attempts to move to BIM-technologies are described. The main conclusion is the indisputable advantage of BIM-technologies over 2D design.


In clinic syndrome differentiation,Zhang especially attached importance to syndrome differentiation of asthenia and sthenia.And in asthenia and sthenia,he pay more attention to the asthenia-syndrome,Recommended reinforcing deficiency,emphasized Consolidating the Constitution and strengthening Yuan,Warming recuperating Yuan-Yang,Nourishing genuine yin.So reinforcing deficiency prescription standed the first place in Zhang 's Xinfang Bazhen,contriving 29 new prescriptions with Dabuyuanjian and Zuoguiyin being the best prescriptions.In the aspect of contriving prescriptions and choosing herbs,the recipe utmost are Ginseng and Shudi.Up to the present,Zhang's Fuzheng Guben recipes including reinforcing qi,Nourishing Blood,nourishing Yin,Strengthening Spleen,reinforcing Kidney and so on are widely applied in clinic.,obtaining obvious treatment effect.


Background: Despite availability of antiretroviral therapy, HIV is responsible for 2.7 million new infections and 2.0 million deaths from worldwide. Anti-Retroviral treatment failure is not a commonly diagnosis in healthcare facilities in Ethiopia and there is dearth of information on the extent and predictors of treatment failure among adults receiving HIV care in the study setting. The aim of the current study is to assess the incidence and predictors of Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ART) failure among adults receiving HIV care at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: Facility based retrospective cohort study design was employed on archived data from 2011 to 2016. Data compilation checklist was developed from intake card and ART follow-up card. The collected data were coded and entered using Epi Info 7 and analysed using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 software.
Results: The overall incidence rate of ART treatment failure were 4.91 cases per person months follow up with 2.1, 0.24 and 0.13 immunological, clinical and virological treatment failure cases per 100 person years of follow-up respectively.
Conclusion: The incidence of Anti-Retroviral Treatment failure was considerable among the study participants. The predictors for ART failure were WHO stage 3 at start, CD4 count at base line, disclosure and opportunistic infections. Comprehensive interventions have to be in place to tackle treatment failure among adults on ART through rendering optimum care focusing on adults with advanced WHO stage, lower CD4 count at baseline, opportunistic infections and people who did not disclose their HIV status.


In order to test the performance of thermoelectric module,according to the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation principle,a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation unit was designed. The apparatus mainly consists of the power generation module,temperature control system and a display circuit. It takes STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputer as a control core,and can be set within a certain range temperature difference for generating electric power,and without manual measurements output voltage value and current value of the corresponding temperature difference power generation module can be displayed in real time,not only qualitatively but also quantitatively test the output characteristic of thermoelectric generation module,to draw the correlation curve,and analyze the influence of output characteristics. The results show that the instrument has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity and resposibility fast.


In nearly all countries, courses of the Normal School B, college, and university categories contain three main elements. The first element is the study of one or more academic, cultural, or aesthetic subjects for the purpose both of continuing the student's own education and of providing him with knowledge to use in his subsequent teaching career. A second element is the study of educational principles, increasingly organized in terms of social science disciplines such as psychology, sociology, philosophy, and history. A third element consists of professional courses and school experience. Primary teachers may also receive instruction in the content and methods of subjects other than their own specialties that figure in the primary curriculum. In normal schools and colleges, and some universities, the three elements run parallel to one another, and the student is professionally committed from the outset of his course. Elsewhere, the study of educational processes and professional work (including school experience) may follow the completion of a period of academic study that the student has begun without any prior commitment to teaching as a career. There are still advanced countries where the possession of a university degree, without any qualification in education as such, is sufficient basis for the award of qualified teacher status. In England and Wales, for example, compulsory training for graduates, generally comprising two terms (six months) of professional and theoretical studies and a further three-month period of school experience, was scheduled to come into effect only in 1973.


During the next stage, the ministry submitted a draft for the assessment (Begutachtungsentwurf) of the BGStG in July of 2004. The Forum Gleichstellung again commented on that draft in a statement issued the following September, repeating the above-mentioned arguments. It was stressed that the proposed draft was still no law for equality, equal rights and opportunities for persons with disabilities in Austria. In addition, it was emphasized that the items of the program of the Austrian government had not been integrated into the draft version. During the fall and winter of 2004, the draft was changed to such an extent that the Austrian disability movement put up a united front against this version. Nevertheless, from the beginning of December onwards there were three (unsuccessful) governmental attempts to bring the draft version to the ministerial conference (Ministerrat). The year 2004 ended without a BGStG, but with a rejection of the existing draft along a wide front by Austrian disability groups (c.f. Forum Gleichstellung, 2004a, 2005). The beginning of 2005 brought two new drafts for the BGStG with yet another deterioration in content of the originally planned law, in particular concerning questions of legal actions. Nevertheless, the draft version passed the ministerial conference and arrived at the Austrian National Council in March 2005. In the hope of enabling a change of the draft version at the last moment, the "Austrian Alliance for Rights of People with Disabilities" (Aktionsbundnis Osterreich fur Behindertenrechte) formulated several proposals for a revision. Yet, by the end of June 2005 it was clear that not even an expert hearing of disability rights activists in the constitution committee (Verfassungsausschuss) of the Austrian National Council could enforce a change of the text, instead all suggestions were turned down. Still, the Ministry of Social Security argued in this context that the new law would indeed comprise all spheres of everyday life of persons with disabilities. It was stressed that the law would be more than a mere implementation of Directive 2000/78/EC of the Council of the European Union, a framework for combating discrimination on the grounds of disability. On July 6, 2005 the BGStG passed the Austrian National Council as a part of a larger package concerning disability policy (c.f. Council Directive, 2000; Forum Gleichstellung, 2005; Ladstatter, 2005b; Parlament Osterreich, 2005, 2005a, 2005b). While the government and ministry were obviously satisfied with the final version, people from the disability rights movement were more than disappointed. Many feared that the law would bring no important changes for everyday life of persons with disabilities, as formulated by the Green parliamentarian Haidlmayr. On the other hand, pride about a law which is able to withstand international comparison was formulated by the Minister of Economics and Labor, Bartenstein. Despite the clear criticism and disappointment about wasted possibilities and chances, it must be noted that the BGStG had high symbolic value: it represented a crucial point for future efforts towards equality and equal rights and opportunities for persons with disabilities in Austria (c.f. Die Presse, 2005; Der Standard, 2005; Grune, 2005; Ladstatter, 2005a, 2005c, 2005d). Documenting this chronology of events during the last few years was necessary in order to illuminate the political dealings in this respect. On the one hand it demonstrates the situation in the recent past as well as the noticeable progress in the field of disability policy in Austria. On the other hand, the development also shows how competing, long-established discourses and narratives affected the debates. For the question of political participation of certain actor groups it is important to look at the relationship between all involved groups within the process of negotiation, which sheds light on changes in the structure and configuration of relevant political groups. Therefore, the emphasis must center on the process of involvement and political participation itself. Another possible venue are the intentions of different relevant political groups (e.g. disability rights groups, policy makers, etc.). Regarding the problem of pre-existing structures, the question is how certain groups enter this process and in which positions. This concerns, for example, the assessment of certain knowledge and degrees of possible deliberation. It depends to a certain amount on how one group — already involved (as, e.g., governmental actors) — thinks the other groups will act on or react to a particular political action. Policymaking on the issue of disability in Austria can be described as a hierarchical relationship between certain actor groups within the process of negotiation: disability rights groups were invited by the government and the ministry in order to participate in the development of the BGStG. This rather hierarchical access to political participation is of importance, as the involved groups represent specific perceptions and attitudes towards disability. The above-mentioned statement by the ministry, which states that the ministry will drop all parts of the text which they think could not be carried through has to be considered once again. It seems clear that to adhere to already established perceptions and concepts of disability makes new ways of policymaking very difficult, which, in turn, has important implications on implementing disability policy. The question arises, then, whether the governmental actors underestimated the importance of a strong law or whether they deliberately did not want to bring a change to the prevalent discourse. Examining the intentions of different relevant actor groups refers to the practices that constitute concepts of disability, and which, in turn, impact the practices. Hierarchical structures and limitations of participation, for example concerning the rejection of suggestions of improvement, are discernable. In addition, the government does not use the possibility to change the societal perception on disability by putting through a strong BGStG. Nevertheless, the struggle against certain versions of the draft is an important point of resistance against hegemonic power relations. This participation has led to a more intensive debate about the question of what disability is and in this way caused a discussion of the social construction of disability.


Since ancient times sacred sounds like "OM", Gayatri Mantra and Mrutunjay Mantra etc. have played a major role not only culturally but also in keeping mentally and physically healthy. From available literature it is scientifically proved. But, still there is need to extent this research work to prove the effect of sacred sounds particularly "OM" on our important parts of the body like the heart and overall health. There are various methods of chanting the sound "OM" as per available ancient literature like the Mandukya Upanishad. So it is often confusing for a common man to find the exact or ideal way of chanting the sound "OM". So in this paper reviews the research work done in the area of sacred sound OM and its scientific analysis. The work reviewed is mainly divided into four areas namely Basic understanding of sound OM, Health benefits of sound OM, Spectral analysis of sound OM and Artificial intelligence techniques and sound analysis.


Sounds and words have always fascinated the human race since the very beginning. Oral storytelling is an ancient and intimate tradition between the storytellers and their audience. Effective storytelling involves a deep understanding of human emotions, motivations, and psychology in order to truly move an audience. Stories have been shared in every culture as a means of entertainment, education and have been pioneer instruments of cultural preservation.


It is shown that shaped beam patterns with acceptable ripple and sidelobe levels can be obtained from circular apertures or arrays with uniform excitation amplitude.


The present study investigates the degradation of Acid Red 14 (AR 14), commonly used as a textile dye, in aqueous medium through the process of thermally activated oxidation by peroxydisulfate under a set of variables (concentration of S2O2– 8, AR 14, Ag+ and temperature). Degradation efficiency was small when the oxidation was carried out in the absence of heat. Increasing the temperature from 20 to 70 °C accelerated the oxidation rate of AR 14, which achieved complete oxidation in 10 min. Also results showed that removal of dye increased with increasing Ag+, peroxydisulfate initial concentration, pH and dye initial concentration decreasing. Our results suggest that the oxidative treatment of AR 14 by peroxydisulfate activated with heat is a viable option for removal of the textile dyes from effluents.


Issues of the official interpretation of law are studied. The author points out the need to revise the traditional understanding of the official interpretation of law, since it does not convey the real meaning of this phenomenon in the modern legal system. The authorial definition of the official interpretation of law is given.


Prevailing low energy buildings attracts lots of attention in the world. Many studies have contributed in introducing higher thermal efficiency towards rooms with low energy heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. However, current HVAC systems do not consider CO2 concentration change and thermal contribution towards human bodies in a room. This paper presents a novel method to predict thermal dynamics, including person count. Occupancy data are dynamically estimated by CO2 concentration and thermal contribution from the human bodies. The model is formulated as a resistor-capacitor circuit (RC circuit) in the Modelica modeling language. All parameters in a simulation are identified using actual building data during the winter season in Japan. Results are validated using measured information of actual building environment, and the test results concluded an improvement of absolute percentage error by 0.16 % over the conventional model. From the test results, it was concluded that the moving average filter of 20 minutes was an appropriate mean time to represent the time delay value.


The washed minced meat of flying fish was extruded at low temperatures with NaCl in a twin-screw extruder while varing screw rotation, feeding rate, feeding of NaCl, and barrel temperature. Extrusion at a higher screw rotation and moderate feeding rate with the residence time of about 1 min, using NaCl in solution and with cooling by ice-water, gave the most adhesive meat sol. Heat-induced gel from this meat sol had a similar textural parameters measured by an instrument to the gel prepared with a conventional stone grinder, however, the toughness score in sensory test of the gel prepared by extrudate was a little smaller than the gel by a conventional method.


The title of this book will lead some prospective readers to anticipate a work comparable in interest to a treatise on Shaw and actresses, but Shavians will expect a study of his attitude toward doctors to bear directly on subjects of primary interest: socialism, creative evolution, and drama. A socialist concerned with man In history, Shaw was less interested in the physical sciences, which are generally non-historical, than In the life sciences. For him medicine was the application of knowledge gained from the life sciences to a social problem, the achievement of health, and to capitalize on the desire for health was to be antisocial. Shaw felt, moreover, that the doctors had failed to meet their responsibility in a more fundamental way. As a writer who tried for more than half a century to mediate the quarrels of science and religion, he naturally expected doctors to follow suit, but he was sure that most doctors were practicing irreligious scientism, ministering without reverence to the Life Force. Given his attitude toward the medical profession, it is little wonder what doctors appear In Shaw's critical comedy. The Doctor's Dilemma is ruthlessly satirical for the same reason that Christ was ruthless with the moneylenders: those who exploit and profane the temple of the Holy Spirit are not to be coddled.


The number of new estate agent offices is increasing yearly and each year many hundred new estate agents graduate. The comparing of estate agents by sellers has perhaps been most common in larger c ...


Recently, Barabas et al (2018) tried to explain some of my contributions to species coexistence theory. They include many laudatory comments, and it might seem churlish to complain, but unfortunately, I found many mistakes in their account. I was not shown a copy of Barabas et al (2018) before it was accepted and appeared online, precluding my commenting before publication. Fortunately, my recent publication (Chesson 2018) provides detailed discussions of many of my concerns. Here, I focus on a key part of Barabas et al (2018) that receives scant attention in Chesson (2018), namely, the development of multispecies coexistence theory in Chesson (1994), which has been the foundation of much other work. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Based on the conditions of operation of enterprises in Ukraine, the relevance of the study of new methodological approaches to increasing competitiveness, which will be able to provide a higher level and contribute to the integrated development of domestic enterprises. Based on the literature, two approaches to understanding the concept of competitiveness are identified. Using a systematic approach, competitiveness is defined as a property of the production and economic system (enterprise) to change the trajectory of development or a certain mode of operation in the process of adaptation to environmental influences in order to preserve and develop existing or create new competitive advantages. The factors of competitiveness of the enterprise based on certain classification features are given. Such features include: place of origin, area of origin, nature of the factor, the degree of interdependence, the degree of usefulness, the role in ensuring the competitiveness of the enterprise, economic reliability and potential competitiveness. It is noted that ensuring the competitive advantages of enterprises must produce innovative products (goods), provide innovative services. It is noted that an important condition for ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises and the country is the formation and implementation of the National Innovation System of Ukraine. A methodical approach to assessing the competitiveness of the enterprise is proposed, which is based on the use of six parameters, namely: financial stability, liquidity, business activity, management efficiency, profitability, sales and ranking of enterprises studied in the matrix. It is noted that using this methodological approach it is possible to determine the most competitive enterprise in comparison with other researched enterprises. It is noted that such a methodological approach can be useful for investors who choose the company to invest and other stakeholders. It is noted that the practice of using the proposed methodological approach to assessing the competitiveness of enterprises has confirmed the correctness of the obtained values and gives almost identical results. Therefore, it was concluded that the proposed method adequately reflects the real ratio of competitiveness of enterprises. It is noted that when assessing the investment (innovation) potential of the enterprise it is necessary to distinguish between its actual level and prospects.


Ten Australian TAFE institutions are currently able to offer higher education degree qualifications - diplomas, advanced diplomas and degrees, catering to 2,000 students. Although this number of students is small, it continues to expand in alignment with the federal government's strategy to reach its target of 40% of young adult Australians having minimum degreelevel qualifications by 2020. This raises significant implications for TAFE libraries in catering to these higher education students. From an absence of a research culture to the provision of greater learning support, TAFE libraries are having to adapt to new demands that hosting higher education courses brings. Interviews with TAFE library managers reveal different stages of library support for these courses and students and concerns over the future.


This paper discusses the impacts of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on agriculture, food security and rural livelihoods in Zimbabwe. It is based on research findings from a survey of secondary sources of data. The HIV/AIDS pandemic is significantly transforming the structure of rural families and communities in Zimbabwe. It is giving rise to single-parent, female and child headed households which have implications for agricultural planning. Agricultural production is central to the rural economy in Zimbabwe. Smallholder agriculture, at one time a strong and resilient backbone of ZimbabweA¢â'¬â"¢s national food security strategy, is under threat from the devastating effects of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Impacts at household level include reduced income from agricultural production and non-agricultural activities, diversion of productive labour time from agriculture to caring for the sick in the family, and reallocation of cash resources from agriculture to meeting medical expenses. Redirecting of food reserves to funerals, withdrawal of children from school to reduce household costs and to replace the dwindling farm household labour, are yet other impacts. Agricultural extension services in Zimbabwe have also been hard hit by AIDS-related illnesses and deaths, making them less able to respond effectively to the changing needs of their target farmers. The impact of HIV/AIDS on agriculture directly affects food security, as it reduces food availability through falling production, loss of family labour, land and other resources, and loss of livestock, assets and implements. It also reduces access to food through declining income for food purchases. Livelihoods derived from natural resources management have also been impacted on by HIV/AIDS. The pandemic has reduced the numbers and capacity of qualified, willing, capable and productive people in the natural resources sector. This has negatively impacted the conservation, management and sustainable utilization of natural resources. In addition, the negative effects of the epidemic have been to accelerate the rate of extraction of forest products to meet the new and increased demands of those affected and infected by HIV/AIDS. Therefore, there is need to strengthen the health delivery system in Zimbabwe to cope with the increasing burden of HIV/AIDS and chronic illnesses. At the same time, it is important to capacitate Home-Based Care programmes in terms of the training of caregivers, equipping them with appropriate care facilities as well as linking them with the national health delivery system for follow-ups. Above all, it is necessary to intensify HIV/AIDS interventions at all levels in order to continue reducing the prevalence and incidence of infections and illnesses.


W e present here a new methodology t o perform active visual localization in t h e context of autnomous mobile robotics. T h e robot is endowed with a topological m a p of its environment. During t h e learning phase, t h e robot takes a lot of pictures from t h e environment; each picture is labelled by its origin place in t h e topological map. After t h e learning phase, t h e robot is supposed t o locate itself in t h e learnt environment using t h e visual sensor. Since t h e discriminating information is sparse, t h e usual supervised classification techniques as neural networks a r e not sufficient t o perform efficiently this task. Therefore, we propose t o use a symbolic learning approach, t h e "formal concept analysis". T h e relevant information is gathered into one concept lattice. A formal classification rule is proposed t o achieve localization on t h e topo-logical map. I n order t o improve t h e response r a t e of t h e decision process, t h e original formal landmark set is extended t o plausible landmarks for a given confidence level. Experimental results i n a s t r u c t u r e d environment support this approach. Perspectives for implementing active strategy t o look for visual information a n d t o improve on-line learning a n d localization process a r e presented in t h e final discussion.


This report analyses 83 key judgments of the highest administrative court for energy cases in the Netherlands - the Appeals Tribunal for Trade and Industry (hereafter: CBB) - to examine how the CBB has lived up to the EU law principle of effective legal protection in practice in the energy sector. For the purpose of answering the central question of this paper, a normative framework has been developed for assessing the judgements of the CBB. The requirements that follow from the EU law principle of effective legal protection are subdivided in five themes that relate to the specific duties of the CBB to grant effective legal protection to the energy consumers. These themes are analyzed in an intensive way, each involving a review of key cases of the CBB that are related to the relevant themes. The report concludes that the CBB has not fully and consistently complied with the requirements of effective legal protection when reviewing administrative decisions in the energy sector. The analysis of the key cases in the energy sector shows a mixed picture. It concludes with some recommendations for the legislator and the CBB to enhance the legal protection of the energy consumers in the future.


A computational model of actin cables in fission yeast is presented that includes polymerization, severing, cross-linking, and motor pulling. Results reproduce observations in wild-type cells and cells lacking myosin V and are compared to images of cells overexpressing α-actinin. Formin clustering at cell tips is predicted to promote cable formation.


In economic appraisal of project investment, two important factors that are significantly taken into account are the discount rate and the costs. Discount rate is used to determine the present value of future cash flows of the projects. For climate change projects, the lower discount rates are recommended since benefits will be obtained in the long term. In general, private and external costs are used to evaluate the project investment. Combination of both costs is called "social cost". In this study, only the "social cost of carbon (SCC)", referring to an estimate of the economic costs of one additional ton of carbon dioxide emitting into the atmosphere, is considered. The objective of this paper is to estimate the SCC in term of carbon tax on the subject of three discount rates with the objective of renewable electricity to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Firstly, a 6 percent discount is applied from the base year to 2037. Then, a discount of 3 percent is applied until 2050. The results show that renewable electricity can achieve the carbon neutrality target at SCC of higher than 2.0 USD/t-CO2 and 132.7 USD/t-CO2 for the periods 2020-2037and 2038–2050, respectively.


ABSTRACT The Ponto-Caspian round goby (Neogobius melanostomus Pallas, 1814) is a prominent invasive species in many European waters. Eggs of the Western Baltic Spring Spawning Atlantic herring might be attractive prey for the invasive round goby during the spawning season. However, investigations of the small fish fauna in an important spawning area of herring, which was characterized by high densities of macrophytes, indicated a spatio-temporal mismatch of round goby and herring spawn in spring, at least on some of the known important spawning beds situated on vegetated sandy bottoms. In contrast, a spatio-temporal overlap between round gobies and herring spawn was observed in a more structured area, characterized with stones, where round gobies' stomachs were sampled. Further field study results suggest that large round gobies (> 10 cm) do not feed on herring eggs, while smaller round gobies (< 10 cm) do so. To support these results, we conducted laboratory feeding experiments with round gobies. When C. crangon, M. edulis and herring eggs were offered simultaneously, round gobies preferred C. crangon. M. edulis was preferred over herring eggs when C. crangon was absent. The predatory impact of the round goby on herring eggs seems to be of minor importance compared to other species, such as three-spined stickleback or perch. Applying the same data, different food 'preference indices' revealed a discrepancy in preference between indices. Therefore, we propose a modified food preference index (mE), taking into account four important parameters and combining benefits of two commonly applied indices.


A new homogeneous fullerenated carbazole polymer has been synthesized, revealing a new substitution pattern for carbazole and a new photodecomposition-resistant substitution pattern for fullerenes. The synthetic method may be accomplished in one pot via acid catalyzed alkylation. The new polymer has several unusual photovoltaic, charge storage, and photoconductivity capabilities. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


In this study, a modified Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA) procedure based on the equivalent linearization concept is presented. The underlying assumptions are that the nonlinear seismic demands can be approximately obtained by summing up the individual modal responses, and that the responses of each individual vibration mode can be approximately represented by those of an equivalent linear SDF system. Using three high-rise buildings with reinforced concrete shear walls (20-, 33and 44-story high), the accuracy of this procedure is examined. In this examination, the inelastic demands computed by the Nonlinear Response History Analysis (NLRHA) procedure are used as benchmark. It is shown that the modified RSA procedure can estimate the nonlinear seismic demands of case study buildings with a reasonable degree of accuracy, either for those of individual vibration modes or for their sum (i.e. total demands).


Multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs; SLC47A) are mammalian transporters being predominately expressed in the brush-border membrane of proximal tubule epithelial cells in the kidney and the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. Functionally, MATEs act as efflux transporters for organic compounds, thereby mediating the elimination process. Two isoforms, MATE1 and 2, have been identified, and, so far, only a limited number of substrates, including clinically used drugs such as metformin and cimetidine, are known. A knockout mouse model has been established, as well, and is a valuable tool for further systematic pharmacokinetic analyses. In this review, we summarize the progress in MATE research on structural, molecular, functional, and pathophysiological aspects. Consequences of genetic variants for pharmacokinetic alterations and drug therapy are discussed.


Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is a cluster of dysregulated metabolic conditions that occur together to increase the risk for cardiometabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). One key condition associated with MetSyn, abdominal obesity, is measured by computing the ratio of waist-to-hip circumference adjusted for the body-mass index (WHRadjBMI). WHRadjBMI and T2D are complex traits with genetic and environmental components, which has enabled genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify hundreds of loci associated with both. Statistical genetics analyses of these GWAS have predicted that WHRadjBMI is a strong causal risk factor of T2D and that these traits share genetic architecture at many loci. To date, no variants have been described that are simultaneously associated with protection from T2D but with increased abdominal obesity. Here, we used colocalization analysis to identify genetic variants with a shared association for T2D and abdominal obesity. This analysis revealed the presence of five loci associated with discordant effects on T2D and abdominal obesity. The alleles of the lead genetic variants in these loci that were protective against T2D were also associated with increased abdominal obesity. We further used publicly available expression, epigenomic, and genetic regulatory data to predict the effector genes (eGenes) and functional tissues at the 2p21, 5q21.1, and 19q13.11 loci. We also computed the correlation between the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) expression of predicted effector genes (eGenes) with metabolic phenotypes and adipogenesis. We proposed a model to resolve the discordant effects at the 5q21.1 locus. We find that eGenes gypsy retrotransposon integrase 1 (GIN1), diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase 2 (PPIP5K2), and peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) represent the likely causal eGenes at the 5q21.1 locus. Taken together, these results are the first to describe a potential mechanism through which a genetic variant can confer increased abdominal obesity but protection from T2D risk. Understanding precisely how and which genetic variants confer increased risk for MetSyn will develop the basic science needed to design novel therapeutics for metabolic syndrome.


OBJECTIVE
To report cluster breathing pattern associated with a nonbrainstem lesion.

DESIGN
Case report.

SETTING
Neurointensive care unit, St Mary's Hospital, Rochester, Minn.

PATIENT
A patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage developed severe, diffuse, distal bilateral middle cerebral artery vasospasm with resultant cortical laminar necrosis and transient cluster breathing. Intervention Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bihemispheric lesions but no brainstem lesion.

CONCLUSION
Cluster breathing may occur with nonbrainstem lesions.


Editorial for "Diaschisis Profiles in the Cerebellar Response to Hemodynamic Stimuli: Insights From Dynamic Measurement of Cerebrovascular Reactivity to Identify Occult and Transient Maxima" Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) is phenomenon characterized by remote reduction of blood flow and metabolic activity in the undamaged cerebellum contralateral to injured functionally linked injured cerebral cortex. It is crossed because the affected cortex is metabolically and vascularly linked to the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere. The underlying relationship between cerebellar blood flow and reduced cerebellar metabolism was first characterized with positron emission scanning in the 1980s. The concept underlying cerebellar diaschisis was first proposed by CharlesEdouard Brown-Séquard in the late 1800s, but the term "diaschisis" was first coined by Constantin von Monakow in 1914. The observed cerebellar effects are hypothesized to be mediated by possible "interruption of the cortico-pontocerebellar connections by the infarct causing differentiation and transneural metabolic depression" in the hemisphere of the cerebellum functionally linked to affected cortex. Cerebellar diaschisis is seen in many central nervous system disorders such as carotid stenosis, ischemic stroke, Glioma's, uncontrolled seizures, and radiation necrosis. Recently, approaches to measure CCD in the setting of ongoing carotid occlusion using the differences in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) between the affected cortical region and its metabolically and vascular linked contralateral cerebellum, has become a potential tool for assessing the risk of ischemia in the setting of carotid stenosis. These techniques may have a clinical role in forming the timing of carotid revascularization for atherosclerotic carotid stenosis in patients at risk for cerebral ischemia. In this setting, changes in the contralateral cerebellar blood flow detected by changes in CVR in the affected cerebral cortex and the linked cerebellum can be used to assess the clinical effects of reduced blood flow to the associated cerebral cortex and may grant insight into when surgical revascularization may be necessary. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and time-shift (TS) using BOLD and resting-state MRI techniques reflect individual subclinical hemodynamic changes in stroke patients with vascular lesions in the anterior circulation. It has recently been reported in JMRI that CCD is associated with hemodynamic impairment in the ipsilateral MCA territory in symptomatic unilateral anterior circulation strokes as measured by changes in CVR. Additionally, CVR and TS are vascularrelated parameters associated with the risk of stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Determining CCD through measurement of altered perfusion and CVR in the cerebellum and affected cerebrum can possibly be used to determine the future risk of ischemia in patients with carotid stenosis in the anterior circulation. In this issue of the Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in an article entitled; "Diaschisis Profiles in the Cerebellar Response to Hemodynamic Stimuli: Insights from Dynamic Measurement of Cerebrovascular Reactivity to Identify Occult and Transient Maxima", the authors report new data about the association between diaschisis and CVR. In this retrospective study 23 previously enrolled patients with unilateral chronic steno-occlusive disease underwent 32 ACZ-BOLD exams using a custom denoising pipeline to generate BOLD-CVR time signals. This allowed for denoised BOLD-CVR values per-voxel, per-TR extraction. The CVR at end (CVRend) value was established using the last minute BOLD response relative to the first minute baseline. CVR at maximum (CVRmax) was determined as the maximum CVR detected. Bothe CVRmax and CVRend were calculated for bilateral cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres in the setting of reduced ipsilateral blood flow from carotid stenosis. The authors found that correlation between CVR in affected cerebral hemispheres and their contralateral healthy cerebellar hemispheres was stronger for CVRmax than for CVRend because of reduced tendency for false underestimation of CVR in both regions for CVRmax as compared to CVRend. From these data, it appears that conventional CVRend underestimates CVR and exaggerates CCD due to


Universality of spin configuration restoration is studied in Heisenberg spin glasses: a dilute magnetic semiconductor Cd55Mn45Te as well as a dilute magnetic alloy Cu97Mn3. Reversions of the relaxations of magnetization were observed in both systems undergoing positive/negative temperature cycling under a constant magnetic field. Because the magnetization mirrors evolution of the spin configuration, these reversions indicate that the spin configurations are spontaneously restored to the initially stabilized states when the temperature is returned to the original. Whereas such spin restoration does not occur if the spin glasses are simply frozen, it is possible in the alternative ghost domain scenario of the droplet picture. This finding thus provides fresh insight into the nature of glassy systems.


Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses strategies and polices designed to address rising levels of long COVID in society in the aftermath of the pandemic.


Abstract Designers exploit design reuse to enhance system design productivity. Integration of pre-designed reusable blocks may fail if these blocks execute in parallel, share resources, and/or interact with each other. Such concurrency issues, if not addressed, may be detrimental to normal functioning of the system. Multiprocessor architectures, recently introduced to extend the applicability of the Moore's law, depend upon concurrency and synchronization in both software and hardware to achieve that goal. Concurrency issues, if not addressed, may lead the system into a deadlock or a livelock state. System design integration and verification approaches will not be cost-effective in exposing concurrency failures as they are intermittent; this can be costly (significantly increased time to market and field failures). One would have to develop abstract concurrency models and do exhaustive analysis on these models to test for concurrency problems. In this paper we present a systematic approach that models concurrency by using an abstract symbolic modelling language to build a systematic high level concurrent system model; we also use an exhaustive analysis and verification tool to confirm that the system is devoid of concurrency failures. We present results for the NOC (network-on-chip) multiprocessor platform.


In this paper, spurious passband suppression in waveguide bandpass filter by means of split ring resonators (SRRs) is proposed. The bandpass waveguide filter is designed using complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs). Then, the split ring resonator (SRR) arrays are loaded in the waveguide to reject multiple spurious passbands. Simulation results show that for a 3rd order bandpass filter, a rejection level exceeding 35dB is obtained in the first three spurious passbands, while the desired passband is maintained unaltered.


Ph. D. in History in the History and Sociery in the Americas Program at the Universiry ofSeville. Graduare fellowship holder frorn the Board of Scienrific Research of Spain (csic) based in the School of Latin American Studies in Seville. Member of the Insrirute ofSocio-Hisroric Studies of the Faculty ofHuman Sciences ar the N ational Universiry ofLa Pampa, Argenrina. Specialist in late 19th century Argenrinean cultural and political history,


AbstractThe diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry in the often difficult diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma is illustrated in a case involving an unusual anatomic location, the orbital region. Immunohistochemical stains on suitably fixed tissue were able to demonstrate clearly metastatic carcinoma in what initially to be an infiltrate A panel of AEl/AE3, epithelial membrane antigen, and BRST-2 antibodies was used with a streptavidin-biotin method. This case suggests that orbital biopsies be processed in a manner similar to lymph node biopsies(The J Histotechnol 15:139, 1992)


Abstract This is the first reported study of the ability of children to voluntarily change brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER). Fifteen children were studied. Both control and hypnosis groups showed changes in interwave latencies after verbal suggestions when compared to a normal control group. These findings suggest that children may be able to modify peripheral auditory input into the brainstem through simple suggestion alone. Children in the formal hypnosis group did have more specific control for the task suggested. However, it is possible that children in the control group moved into an altered state of consciousness after listening to a taped story, reading a book, or spontaneously. They may have attained the observed changes in BAER while in a hypnosis-like state. This study encourages additional research in self-regulatory skills of autonomic processes in children.


As one of the economical processes to fabricate ceramic fuel, extrusion techniques were studied. It was intended that the process should be such that the obtained rods would be as highly dense and accurate in dimension as is usually claimed for fuel pellets. When the conditions of UO/sub 2/ powder, binder, lubricant, and water content were properly selected, the kneaded grass had a moderate plasticity, high green density, and high sinterability. The resuits revealed the fact that neither the auger-type nor press-type extruder was satisfactory for obtaining the uniform rods. To overcome these difficulties a vacuum extruder furnished auger and press mechanisms was designed that had the advantages of both types. The rods extruded by this mechanism were uniform enough an quality and free from distortion. The extruded rods, thus prepared, were sintered to a density highem than 93% Th.0. at 1700 deg C for 2 hr in hydrogen with the diametral variation within plus or minus 2/100 approximates 3/100 mm fom the mods of about 10 mm in diameter, and with the chamber values within plus or minus 5/100 mm for the rods about 200 mm long. Their chemical and physical properties were similar to those of cold compactedmore » and sintered pellets. (auth)« less


Using synoptic principles,satellite imagery and diagnosed physical quantities,this paper gives a comprehensive analysis of a torrential rain event that occurred in Shanxi province on Feb.20,2004.The results indicate the followings.(1) Its latitudinal circulation evolves quickly to a longitudinal one.(2) The water vapor in the rainstorm area is supplied mostly by a warm moist southwest jet stream in Bay of Bengal on the 700 hPa level and an 850 hPa southerly generated west of tropical low pressures in lower latitudes,and the location of the torrential rain is governed by the part of Shanxi where the southerly jet stream has extended to.(3) As shown in an analysis of the cloud imagery,there is a persistent cloud system of tropical low pressure near the Philippines during the torrential rain,which resembles cloud image features characteristic of large scale summer torrential rains.It is concluded that for the forecast of spring torrential rains in Shanxi,the water vapor and energy transport over lower latitude areas and movements of tropical low pressure cloud systems should be paid attention to besides circulation evolution.


The paper firstly points out the necessary and sufficient conditions of both monotone increasing and monotone decreasing function transformation which can reduce the class ratio dispersion respectively, and then proves that no matter what the function transformation is monotone increasing or monotone decreasing, and the effect object is the monotone increasing series or the monotone decreasing series, reducing the class ratio dispersion is equivalent to raising the smooth degree of data. Finally, according to these necessary and sufficient conditions, the paper proposes some examples to indicate whether or not the functions can reduce the class ratio dispersion and raise the smooth degree of data, and, consequently, obtains three compare criterions of the effect of two kinds of monotone function transformations which reduce the class ratio dispersion and raise the smooth degree of data.


Zhejiang as a major economic province is famous for its numerous well-developed Private High-Tech Enterprises. We should still not ignore the problems which hinder the further development of our private High-Tech Enterprises, among those the supply of funds especially the obstacles exist in loaning from financial institutions is of greatest significance. There are factors from the demander (the enterprises themselves) and the supplier (the banks). We should take actions to change the present dilemma through speeding up the establishment of the credit guaranteeing system and the mortgage loan system for the private enterprises.


Luxury brands have always had relatively fixed traditional marketing methods. However, the development of new media technology has created a new and more intense and dynamic marketing environment for luxury brand marketing. This forces luxury brands to change their traditional marketing methods, so as to maintain their brand status, market influence and market share. This paper mainly discusses two kinds of luxury brand reconstruction strategies from the perspectives of marketing and communication, which are mainly summarized as celebrity endorsement and cooperation with non luxury brands. This paper holds that the attraction and credibility of celebrities and the matching between luxury brands will help to improve the brand benefits of luxury brands and obtain more consumers in the new media environment. At the same time, brand awareness and consumer perception are still very important in the cooperation strategy with non luxury brands. The limited edition characteristics of cooperative products usually affect consumers' perception, but improper cooperation may also damage consumers' loyalty and the image of luxury brands. The combing and summary of previous studies in this paper will help to provide reference for luxury marketing research and luxury brand marketing.


The application of a lactam enolate-pyridone addition sequence, originally developed for cytisine, has been applied successfully to generate the first examples of 4-halocytisines. Variation of the lactam component provides cyfusine and 4-fluorocyfusine.


Background: When tibial plateau fractures are combined with tension blisters, internal fixation surgery must be delayed. However, a prolonged delay may cause complications during fracture treatment. To combat this challenge, we innovatively proposed a minimally open reduction and Ilizarov external fixation (MORIEF) technology. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the treatment, safety, and efficacy of the MORIEF technique in Schatzker type II–III tibial plateau fractures with tension blisters.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of seven patients with Schatzker type II–III tibial plateau fractures with tension blisters treated at our hospital from September 2013 to March 2017. All patients (five males, two females; mean age: 38.1±8.2 [range: 28–50] years) underwent the MORIEF technique. The Knee Society Score (KSS) and assessment of bone status according to the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) scoring system were used to evaluate the knee joint function and bone healing condition.Results: The operative time was 108.6±14.6 (range: 90–135) min, blood loss was 104.3±50.4 (range: 50–200) ml, time from operation to discharge was 2.6±0.7 (range: 2–4) days, and the follow-up period was 20.6±1.8 (range: 18–22) weeks. The fractures healed in all patients at 11.9±1.1 (range: 10–14) weeks. Except for one case of needle tract infection, no other complications occurred. At the last follow-up, the KSS presented a clinical score of 80–95 (mean: 86.4±4.4) points and a functional score of 85–95 (mean: 87.9±3.6) points. According to ASAMI, four cases were classified as excellent, two as good, one as fair, and none as poor.Conclusions: The use of the MORIEF technology for the treatment of Schatzker type II–III tibial plateau fractures with tension blisters showed that the resulting incidence of infection is low, weight-bearing and walking can be resumed immediately, hospitalization time is shortened, economic burden of patients is reduced, and fracture healing and joint function recovery are not affected postoperatively. Therefore, this technique was shown to be a relatively safe and effective treatment method for the condition.


A digital 16-bit high-speed general-purpose signal-processor is shown. The main objective has been the implementation of a linear predictive vocoder for obtaining real-time speech compression.
For real-time digital speech processing, fast devices and special procedure designs are needed. Thus, in obtaining high speed processors, multi-data paths, parallel and pipeline arquitectures have been adopted.


The [...] communication model of translation highlights the relation between jazz poetry and jazz music as a metaphoric translation from one medium into another. My claim is that in writing their poems, the authors were often thinking of music, but not in terms of copying a jazz musician's notes, but rather in terms of inspiration. Regarding jazz music as a muse, they established metaphorical correspondences between the music and writing and translated such elements as a melody or the improvisation into written form, creating their own blues, swing, or bebop poems. [...] In each case the poem with its metaphorically implied musical elements represents the poet's personal view, rather than a mere transliteration of a given musical score, and presupposes the reader's effort of translating the poetic text into music. (65)


111 "Tell about Milton's personality," d e t! arided Mr. G. Williams in English 200 quiz-section. Dick Brannon nudged Bob Brandon and then gesticulated wildly for Mr. Williams to call on Bob, which, he obligingly did. • "Well," begins Bob on a long, druwiiOn the basis of pre-game showing, the Band football team should iipM drawl, "he was a Casanova." take the Rally club eleven this Saturday P. M. by a one-touphdown J •Kp W'Hiama. • looked up, slightly margin. Much to thfe surprise of the various prcignostieatofs on the 1 campus, the Band bunch has come forward with a exceptionally strong line, considering the average size and weight of the participants. Outstanding in this line is the tall, rangy end, Olcott Phillips. His excellent defensive work and exceptional pass-snatching ability i . s h o u l d d e a l t h e o p p o s i n g t e a m s a g o o d d e a l of m i s e r y . T a t u m . c e n t e r , j " ^ W ' ' plainly aiul Slpner, tackle are other stalwarts —-—i~——•••— ..i-.t.-loi... , iij in the line. Behind this line i s ^ ' l>1


A large number of extensional basins are underlain by fault blocks that have rotated domino style through angles up to several tens of degrees. Serious spatial consequences and strain incompatibilities that arise at the base of the blocks as rotation proceeds are not well understood. In addition, little is known about the driving and resisting forces or the constitutive laws of the blocks and bounding faults. The distinct and finite element methods have been combined to provide a tool for tectonic reconstructions in extensional environments based on mechanics. Specifically, the distinct element method describes the deformation of a system of blocks driven by tectonic and gravitational loads and moving according to Newton's laws of motion. Force-displacement relations based on friction and noninterpenetration govern the interactions between blocks. The finite element method analyzes the stress state within individual fault blocks to determine conditions and locations for failure. These numerical techniques have been used to model deformation in the Basin and Range Province where locally extension may reach 100% or more. The modeling results confirm field studies suggesting that fault blocks can rotate up to 55{degree} before the frictional resistance across the blocks exceeds the shear stress and the blocks lock. Inmore » the computer model, blocks rotate under gravitational loading, and brittle failure at the base of the blocks provides a mechanism for filling potential voids. After locking, new faults are introduced so that deformation can proceed. This sort of mechanically based modeling provides a computational tool for helping to understand the dynamics of block rotation. These results should help to constrain the mechanical development of extensional basins.« less


The competition challenges make businesses face with the different nature problems. The consequences of this reality are reflected on the business perspective with deep changes in their status and their activity. In this context, the development of successful business, in a certain degree, is conditioned by decision-making. The decision-making in business is an important activity and, as such, it has attracted the researchers' attention for a long time. This is reflected in literature. The literature refers to the decisionmaking starts in early periods. But if we consider that the decision-making is a very important activity, researchers still continue to develop their decisionmaking theories which are based on the old theories. The theories of decision making in today's times are enriched as a result of their continued evolution. So there is a numerous literature where various aspects of decision making are treated separately, or linked and coordinated with each other. This paper will treat some problems of decision-making by focusing on presenting a comprehensive picture of a logical decision-making model. Also it will be presented chronologically and through relevant perspectives.


This paper presents novel single-layer waveguides for challenging design of high-gain, high-efficiency, and mass-producible planar slotted arrays for the millimeter wave region. The key features of three types of waveguides, as well as state-of-the-art performance of the arrays using these, are surveyed. A model antenna realizes 35-dBi gain and 64% efficiency at 60.2 GHz.


3-D image modeling of volumetric data can be useful to biomedical research, medical therapy, surgery planning, and simulation of critical surgery (i.e. cranio-facial). This paper proposes an algorithm which is based on a tetrahedral domain instead of cubes. The initial tetrahedral domain is constructed by using Delaunay tetrahedrization algorithm. In the case of ambiguity, asymptotic decider is used instead of sphere criterion. In sphere criterion, only positional information is considered, by asymptotic decider allows to count the functional information. In other words, the construction of the tetrahedral domain is based on whether or not connecting vertices are joined by a component of the hyperbolic arc. Linear trivariate interpolation is performed through the tetrahedral domain. We call this new algorithm Marching Tetrahedra for the purpose of comparing it to Marching Cubes algorithm. The main difference between two algorithms is that tetrahedra are used, instead of cubes, in the process. Marching Tetrahedra algorithm allows the scattered data which can't be accepted by Marching Cubes algorithm.


We investigate the consequences of the lower frame condition and the lower Riesz basis condition without assuming the existence of the corresponding upper bounds. We prove that the lower frame bound is equivalent to an expansion property on a subspace of the underlying Hilbert space H, and that the lower frame condition alone is not enough to obtain series representations on all of H. We prove that the lower Riesz basis condition for a complete sequence implies the lower frame condition and ω-independence; under an extra condition the statements are equivalent.


Geological disasters have caused enormous damage to human beings and the economy in China. Chinese government pay great effort on geological disaster relief. Usually, the efficiency of the disaster rescue is the first priority to be considered. Takeing the historical analysis of China's geological disaster rescue as the main line ,in this paper, we developed a slacks-based measure data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model to evaluate the performance of 18 geological disasters relief during 2015–2019 in China, which are used to examine the performance of the geological disasters rescue activities. The results show that though the capabilities of geo-disaster relief is continuous improvement from 2015 to 2019, China's geological disasters rescue system is still at the primary stage. Especially, the efficiency of landslide rescue operation is pretty low. We analysis the factors influencing the efficiency and provide several suggestions for capacity improvement of geo-disasters rescue.


The open-ended problems were used to discuss the cognitive differences in the open-ended mathematical word problem-solving of college students.The results indicated that:It was difficult for the students to solve the open-ended mathematical word problem,with high theoretical knowledge of mathematics may not be able to solve mathematical word problem;the difficulty was a significant increase gradually in the open-strategyed,open-conclusioned,open-conditioned mathematical word problem-solving,emphasis on the mathematical word problem in the new mathematics curriculum to improve problem-solving ability of students;the Mathematical thinking is the single in the open-ended mathematical word problem-solving;the Strategy choice was affected not only by misunderstanding information but also by metaphorical interference information.


The drying of solids in a continuously worked vibrated fluidised bed dryer is studied by simulations. A model considering the drying of a thin layer of particles wetted with a multicomponent mixtur ...


In the context of G–L theory, a generalized thermoelastic problem is considered for an infinite functionally graded and temperature-dependent isotropic spherical cavity. The surface of the sphere is subjected to (i) a ramp-type compression and (ii) maintain at a constant temperature. The Laplace transform for time variable is used on the basic equations and then solved by the potential function approach. The inversion of Laplace transform is carried out numerically by the Zakian method. Finally, numerical computations of the displacement and stress components as well as temperature distribution have been made and are presented graphically.


Two articles in the October and February issues of JASN reported that diabetic mice that lack the eNOS gene develop accelerated kidney disease with features that resemble human diabetic nephropathy (DN). These articles are significant given the lack of good mouse models to study this important


This chapter investigates the problem of fault-tolerant fuzzy controller design for active vehicle suspension systems. We use Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model approach to study the suspension systems with the sprung and unsprung masses' variation, the actuator fault, and other suspension performances. A novel fault-tolerant fuzzy controller is designed such that the resulting T-S fuzzy system is asymptotically stable and has a prescribed H∞ performance under given constraints. Finally, some simulation results based on a quarter-vehicle suspension model are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approaches of the proposed design.


It is well-known that TCP does not perform well in modern satellite-based communications due to the channel's very large bandwidth-delay product. The conventional solution is to make use of TCP's Large Window Scale (LWS) extension as defined in RFC1323 to increase TCP's windows size. However this can only be done if either the operating system or the application can be modified to explicitly make use of TCP's LWS extension during connection setup. This work proposes a novel TCP-SuperCharger (TCP-SC) to enable TCP to fully utilize the underlying network bandwidth without modification to the applications or the operating system. TCP-SC is implemented as a gateway along the path between the sender and the receiver. By estimating the receiver's processing capacity, TCP-SC allows the sender to transmit more data than the amount of receiver buffer available. As modern computers are very fast compared to network speed, this prevents the receiver's buffer limit from restricting the throughput achievable by TCP. Experimental results show that TCP-SC can enable existing TCP with default buffer size (64 KB) to achieve 98% link utilization over a satellite link such as the WINDS communications satellite with 1,000 ms RTT and 24 Mbps bandwidth.


The Jiangshan gold deposit is the largest, most recently‐discovered gold deposit in the Bengbu Uplift. The ore bodies are located in the structural fracture zone of the Zhuangzili Formation (Ar3), with major Pb‐Zn and Au reserves. In this study, LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb analyses yielded a crystallization age of 111.5 ± 1.8 Ma for the quartz diorite porphyry in Jiangshan. The quartz diorite porphyry has high Ba and Sr content, with low Y and Yb content, which is similar to the characteristics of adakitic rocks. They are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs, e.g., Ba, U) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), while depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs, e.g., Nb, Ti) and heavy rare earth element (HREEs). They have zircon ∊Hf(t) values of –23.52 to –21.14 (mean = –22.32). and Hf model ages of 2419.76 to 2569.39 Ma. The magma source area is the lower crust. Magma primarily came from the partial melting of the lower crust, with the addition of some mantle material. The quartz diorite porphyries are characterized by high zircon TTi‐in‐zircon values (608–757°C), Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios (71.97–1387.10) and Eu/Eu∗ ratios (0.46–1.08), indicating high temperature and magmatic oxygen fugacities. High temperatures can provide heat to fluids and highly oxidized magmas can control the behavior and speciation of sulfides, thus controlling the behavior of Au. Finally, the ore‐forming fluid is enriched and precipitated in a favorable structural space to form the Jiangshan Au deposit.


Advances in remote sensing and associated capabilities are expected to proceed in a number of ways in the era of the Earth Observing System (EOS). More complex multitemporal, multi-source data sets will become available, requiring more sophisticated analysis methods. This research explores the applications of artificial neural networks in land-cover mapping, forward and inverse canopy modeling and change detection. For land-cover mapping a multi-layer feed-forward neural network produced 89% classification accuracy using a single band of multi-angle data from the Advanced Solidstate Array Spectroradiometer (ASAS). The principal results include the following: directional radiance measurements contain much useful information for discrimination among land-cover classes; the combination of multi-angle and multi-spectral data improves the overall classification accuracy compared with a single multi-angle band; and neural networks can successfully learn class discrimination from directional data or multi-domain data. Forward canopy modeling shows that a multi-layer feed-forward neural network is able to predict the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of different VII canopy sites with 90% accuracy. Analysis of the signal captured by the network indicates that the canopy structural parameters, and illumination and viewing geometry, are essential for predicting the BRDF of vegetated surfaces. The inverse neural network model shows that the R 2 between the network -predicted canopy parameters and the actual canopy parameters is 0.85 for canopy density and 0.75 for both the crown shape and the height parameters. An innovative change detection methodology, using a Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network, is developed to map land-cover change. The underlying model for land-cover change is for wholesale change between categories. The neural network builds an associative adaptable memory system of the land-cover classes present at one image date. An image from a later date is classified using this network to recognize both change between familiar patterns and new unfamiliar classes. These new classes represent new categories of land-cover. This technique predicts land surface change with an accuracy of 86%. Overall, the research demonstrates that artificial neural networks provide a viable computing paradigm in land-cover classification, forward and inverse canopy modeling and change detection. In classification problems, neural networks can handle multisource and multi-domain data sets with great efficiency, and require no a priori knowledge of the statistical distribution of the data. For forward and inverse modeling, neural networks prove to be a useful technique for approximating the mathematical relationship between canopy structural parameters and the canopy's BRDF. In terms of change detection, a Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network is able to map correctly land-cover change, and provides a means for reducing ambiguities in map categories through the use of fuzzy class memberships.


Background Outbreaks of disease are common fodder for political debate and public discourse. In the past decade alone, health officials have faced a steady stream of serious public health threats, from H1N1 to Ebola and Zika, as well as large outbreaks of measles and other highly contagious illnesses. These incidents command intense media attention and focus public conversation around questions of risk and responsibility. Analysis This article examines major frames in Canadian news coverage of the Disneyland measles outbreak in 2015 to show how public health events are translated into social problems that magnify moral and political concerns. It discusses how parents who reject or express worries about vaccination were portrayed, and traces which solutions were presented to address the problem of vaccine preventable illness. Conclusion and implications Media coverage focused heavily on "anti-vaxxers" as central characters in the outbreak story. The coverage conformed largely to an established biomedical narrative, in which medical and health experts set the definitional parameters around the outbreak causes and consequences, and the preventive measures that should be taken to pre-vent future occurrences.


Figure EV1. SKOV3 metabolic reprogramming mimics that of OVCAR3-shGLUL cells. A, B Intracellular levels of (A) citrate, (B) aspartate (Asp) in SKOV3 cells compared with OVCAR3-shNT and OVCAR3-shGLUL cells (n = 3 biological replicates). C NAA levels in SKOV3 cells compared with SKOV3-over-GLUL cells (n = 6 biological replicates). Metabolite levels are all measured with LC-MS/MS analysis after 84-h incubation. D Transduction of SKOV3 cells verified by the RFP fluorescent signal. The images were collected by CELENA S Digital Imaging System at 10× magnification (n = 3 biological replicates). The scale bars indicate 25 lm.


Abstract Sunn pest or Sunn bug, Eurygaster integriceps Put., salivary gland proteases are responsible for the deterioration of wheat flour quality during dough mixing, resulting from gluten hydrolysis. These proteases are highly heterogeneous and show low sensitivity to most types of proteinaceous inhibitors, meaning that such inhibitors cannot be used to prevent gluten damage. The present study describes the generation of a specific peptide antibody, raised against the active center of the recombinant gluten‐hydrolyzing protease (GHP3). The recombinant protein, encoding two repeats of the GHP3 sequence element involved in forming the S4 pocket and binding of substrate at position P4, was designed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The antibodies raised to this recombinant protein showed inhibitory activity against the GHP3 protease. The results indicate that it is possible to design specific antibodies to inhibit wheat‐bug gluten‐hydrolyzing proteases.


Invited Talks.- Reliable and Efficient Geometric Computing.- Beware of the Model: Reflections on Algorithmic Research.- On Search Problems in Complexity Theory and in Logic (Abstract).- Session 1.- Covering a Set of Points with a Minimum Number of Lines.- Approximation Algorithms for Capacitated Rectangle Stabbing.- In-Place Randomized Slope Selection.- Session 2.- Quadratic Programming and Combinatorial Minimum Weight Product Problems.- Counting All Solutions of Minimum Weight Exact Satisfiability.- Clause Shortening Combined with Pruning Yields a New Upper Bound for Deterministic SAT Algorithms.- Session 3.- Network Discovery and Verification with Distance Queries.- Deciding the FIFO Stability of Networks in Polynomial Time.- Heterogenous Networks Can Be Unstable at Arbitrarily Low Injection Rates.- Session 4.- Provisioning a Virtual Private Network Under the Presence of Non-communicating Groups.- Gathering Algorithms on Paths Under Interference Constraints.- On the Hardness of Range Assignment Problems.- Session 5.- Black Hole Search in Asynchronous Rings Using Tokens.- On Broadcast Scheduling with Limited Energy.- A Near Optimal Scheduler for On-Demand Data Broadcasts.- Session 6.- Fair Cost-Sharing Methods for Scheduling Jobs on Parallel Machines.- Tighter Approximation Bounds for LPT Scheduling in Two Special Cases.- Inapproximability Results for Orthogonal Rectangle Packing Problems with Rotations.- Session 7.- Approximate Hierarchical Facility Location and Applications to the Shallow Steiner Tree and Range Assignment Problems.- An Approximation Algorithm for a Bottleneck Traveling Salesman Problem.- On the Minimum Common Integer Partition Problem.- Session 8.- Matching Subsequences in Trees.- Distance Approximating Trees: Complexity and Algorithms.- How to Pack Directed Acyclic Graphs into Small Blocks.- Session 9.- On-Line Coloring of H-Free Bipartite Graphs.- Distributed Approximation Algorithms for Planar Graphs.- A New NC-Algorithm for Finding a Perfect Matching in d-Regular Bipartite Graphs When d Is Small.- Session 10.- Fixed-Parameter Tractability Results for Feedback Set Problems in Tournaments.- Parameterized Algorithms for Hitting Set: The Weighted Case.- Fixed-Parameter Tractable Generalizations of Cluster Editing.- Session 11.- The Linear Arrangement Problem Parameterized Above Guaranteed Value.- Universal Relations and #P-Completeness.- Locally 2-Dimensional Sperner Problems Complete for the Polynomial Parity Argument Classes.


While this chapter still features discussions drawn from the work of Recep Alpyağıl and Şaban Ali Düzgün, overall it takes a broader scope to offer a survey of Turkish theologians' general responses to Christianity, skepticism, atheism, and religious pluralism. This chapter argues that in the Turkish theological context, these three issues mutually implicate one another, with only some exception. Among various works of Turkish theologians, this chapter engages the figures of Adnan Aslan, Mehmet Bayrakdar, Mahmut Aydın and the late Yaşar Nuri Öztürk.


AIMS
To assess the co-transmission risk of phenotypic and genetic resistance to cephalosporins, colistin, and fosfomycin in Salmonella strains collected along the whole pork production chain.

METHODS AND RESULTS
From a total of 107 Salmonella isolates from samples collected in pig slaughterhouses and markets, 15 ESBL-producing Salmonella strains resistant to cefotaxime were identified by broth microdilution method and clavulanic acid inhibition test, including 14 monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strains and one Salmonella Derby strain. Whole genome sequence analysis showed that nine monophasic S. Typhimurium strains coresistant to colistin and fosfomycin carried the resistance genes blaCTX-M-14, mcr-1, and fosA3. Conjugational transfer tests demonstrated that the phenotypic and genetic resistance to cephalosporins, colistin, and fosfomycin could cotransfer back and forth between Salmonella and Escherichia coli via an IncHI2/pSH16G4928-like plasmid.

CONCLUSIONS
This study reports the cotransmission of phenotypic and genetic resistance to cephalosporins, colistin, and fosfomycin via an IncHI2/pSH16G4928-like plasmid in Salmonella strains of animal origin, giving an alarm for the prevention of the development and spread of bacterial multidrug resistance.


We demonstrate the first successful functionalization of epitaxial three-dimensional graphene with metal nanoparticles. The functionalization is obtained by immersing the 3D graphene in a nanoparticle colloidal solution. This method is versatile and here is demonstrated for gold and palladium, but can be extended to other types and shapes of nanoparticles. We have measured the nanoparticle density on the top-surface and in the porous layer volume by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. Samples exhibit a high coverage of nanoparticles with minimal clustering. High quality graphene has been demonstrated to promote the functionalization leading to higher nanoparticle density, both on the surface and in the pores. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy allowed to verify the absence of contamination after the functionalization process. Moreover, it confirmed the thermal stability of the Au- and Pd-functionalized three-dimensional graphene up to 530{\deg}C. Our approach opens up new avenues for utilizing three-dimensional graphene as a versatile platform for catalytic applications, sensors, and energy storage and conversion.