Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) constitute the single largest cause of preventable brain damage worldwide. In India the entire population is prone to IDD due to deficiency of iodine in the soil of the subcontinent and consequently the food derived from it. Of these, an estimated 350 million people are at higher risk of IDDs as they consume salt with inadequate iodine. Every year nine million pregnant women and eight million newborns are at risk of IDD in India. On September 13, 2000, the Government of India lifted the ban at the national level on the sale of non-iodized salt (India Gazette 2000). Scientists, civil society, international agencies and other stakeholders joined ranks to fight against this retrograde step by the government of India. The four pronged approach to fight the removal of ban on non- iodized salt comprised of writing advocacy documents, meeting with stakeholders, media campaign and tracking of Universal Salt Iodization (USI) in states by state iodine status surveys. But effective advocacy and media campaign were hampered by lack of scientific data substantiating the magnitude of Iodine Deficiency disorders (IDD) in India. To address this lacuna, state level Iodine status surveys were planned in seven states of India and were executed over next five years in collaboration with various national and international stakeholders. State level IDD surveys were carried out in seven states (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Rajasthan, Bihar, Goa and Jharkhand) from 2000 to 2006 by International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) in collaboration with state medical colleges, Micronutrient Initiative (MI) and UNICEF. The surveys were carried as per the recommended guidelines of WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD and used 30 cluster into 40 children sampling methodology. Children in the age group of 6-12 years, women in the household, retail shop keepers and other community stakeholders constituted the study population. All three indicators viz. Total Goiter Rate (TGR), Urinary Iodine (UI) concentration and iodine content of salt (household and retail shop) were studied. TGR ranged from 0.9% in Jharkhand to 14.7% in Goa. The median urinary iodine excretion ranged from 76 µg/L in Goa to 173.2 µg/L in Jharkhand. The household level consumption of adequately iodized salt ( ≥ 15 ppm) ranged from 18.2% in Tamil Nadu to 91.9% in Goa. These state level IDD surveys are the only sub-national (state) level IDD surveys in India where all three indicators viz. iodized salt coverage, urinary iodine and TGR were assessed concurrently. These surveys provided valuable reliable scientific data to back up the need of urgency to re-instate the ban and aided in convincing wider scientific community and policy makers regarding the need for the same. These surveys also aided in capacity building at state level which will provide necessary impetus to sustain USI. The ban on sale of non-iodized salt was finally re-instated in May, 2005. Purpose of the study : To understand the complex policy environment in which National Health Programmes in India are operating. Basic Procedures : A case study approach applying the criteria of policy formulation and policy implementation to National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP). Main Findings : The major limiting factor in the implementation of NIDDCP was that the community perceptions about IDD and iodized salt and their interests and beliefs (Values) were not explicitly considered as part of the implementation process. Addressing the values through sustained advocacy, development of partnerships among stakeholders, supply and demand side interventions and more research based on the programme needs helped in achieving sustainability in elimination of IDD. Conclusion : In formulating National Health Programmes in a policy environment, scientific inputs, political will and institutional structure for decision making are necessary but not sufficient. Pro-active recognition values of key stakeholders, continuous and dynamic generation of scientific information and development of partnerships are critical for sustainability of the National Health Programmes.


Thank you for downloading the work based learning student handbook palgrave study skills. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this the work based learning student handbook palgrave study skills, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.


Traditional Bayesian Networks (BNs) have limited abilities to analyse system reliability with fuzzy and dynamic information. To deal with such information in system reliability analysis, a new multi-state system reliability analysis method based on BNs was proposed. The proposed method effectively solved the deficiencies of existing reliability analysis methods based on BNs incorporating fuzziness and fault information. In this work, fuzzy set theory and changing failure probability function of components were introduced into BNs, and the dynamic fuzzy subset was introduced. The curve of the fuzzy dynamic fault probability of the leaf node fault state and fuzzy dynamic importance were developed and calculated. Finally, a case study of a truck system was employed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods in comparison with traditional fault tree and T-S fuzzy importance analysis methods. The proposed method proved to be feasible in capturing the fuzzy and dynamic information in real-world systems.


Protein synthesis and degradation are essential for the growth and protein deposition in animal tissues. 1 >2) Protein deposition in the organs and tissues of animals is the result of differences between the protein synthesis and breakdown rates. However, it is not easy to measure these rates because aminoacids are continually reused during protein synthesis. 3'40 Estimating the breakdown rates of muscle protein from urinary excretions of 7VT-methylhistidine (3-methylhistidine, 3MH) has been successful in humans,5) some


The invention relates to a stepped capacitor array for a full binary weight capacitor in the technical field of an integrated circuit. The stepped capacitor array comprises a most significant bit capacitor array, a least significant bit capacitor array, a plurality of groups of stepped capacitor arrays, connecting capacitors, wherein a plurality of groups of the stepped capacitor arrays are connected between the most significant bit capacitor array and the least significant bit capacitor array; the connecting capacitors are arranged among the stepped capacitor arrays; the connecting capacitor completely consists of full binary weight multiples of a unit capacitor C0; all the binary weight capacitors connected with the next capacitor array in two capacitor arrays are connected in series, and two groups of the serially connected capacitor arrays are connected in parallel, thereby forming the connecting capacitor. The stepped capacitor array for the full binary weight capacitor avoids adopting non binary weight capacitance value, avoids the volume of the capacitor and area of a chip required in realization of a high accuracy analog-to-digital converter or digital-to-analog conversion, and relieves limit bottleneck matched among capacitors to a certain extent.


114 Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics | April-June 2011 | Vol 2 | Issue 2 asthmatics at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Iran: Ahvaz University of Medical sciences; School of Nursing and Midwifery; 1997. 6. Miranzadeh Omran H. Patient opinion about MDI use. Iran: Golestan University of Medical Sciences; 1997. 7. Farhadi K, Atai P. Difficulties with MDI use among asthmatics, bronchial asthma and influence of education. Iran: Kordestan University of Medical Sciences; 2001. 8. Scherer YK, Bruce S. Knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy and compliance with medical regimen, number of emergency department visits, and hospitalization in adults with asthma. Heart Lung 2001;30:250-7. 9. Becker MH, Maiman LA. Sociobehavioral determinants of compliance with health and medical recommendations. Med Care 1975;13:10-24. 10. Scherer YK, Bruce S. Knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy and compliance with medical regimen, number of emergency department visits, and hospitalization in adults with asthma. Heart Lung 2001;30:250-7.


PURPOSE: To reduce cost, problems on safety, taste and calorie, ablating property, etc., by using a synergistic sweet compsn. prepd. by blending a specified strong peptide sweetener with a hydrolyzate of hydrogenated starch. CONSTITUTION: L.α-aspartyl.D-alanine N-(2,2,4,4,-tetramethyl-3-thiethanyl)amide is mixed with a hydrolyzate of hydrogenated starch preferably in a weight ratio of 0.02:99.98 to 1:99 to obtain the objective synergistic sweet compsn. The hydrolyzate preferably has <=19% DP-1 value, <=60% DP-2 value, <=3% DP-20 value or above and the balance DP-3 to DP-20 value. The synergistic sweet compsn. is added to an edible compsn. by 10-50wt.% of the amt. of the edible compsn.


Ischemic lesions involving the Corpus Callosum (CC) are rare. Symptoms are nonspecific and clinical findings vary depending on the site and size of the lesions. We describe a rare case of watershed infarct involving the whole corpus callosum but sparing the more common border-zone infarcts between the anterior cerebral artery–middle cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery posterior cerebral artery and review the relevant literature with special emphasis on the vascular anatomy of the corpus callosum.


In order to solve the material plugging during the operation of the feeder in Renlou Coal Preparation Plant of Wanbei Coal-electricity Group,the feeder was technically transformed,the original feeder was transformed to the crushing unit which could automatically crush the plugging material.The design of the crushing unit of the feeder was elaborated and its mechanical properties were analyzed.


Objective:To better understand the characteristic of pure erythroid 1eukemia(PEL).Method: A rare case of pure erythroid leukemia evolved from myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory anemia with excess blasts Type-2(MDS-RAEB2)was reported the related literatures were reviewed.Result:According to the WHO diagnostic criteria,PEL is classified as M6b.Patients'anemia symptoms are notable,most with pancytopenia.Bone marrow erythroid cell ratio is more than or equal to 80% with abnormal morphology and the original red cells show significant megaloblastic amyloidosis,strong basophilic cytoplasm,no grain,visible vacuoles often occurring in clusters,PAS positive,POX negative.Leukocytes'expression of CD36 and glycophorin A are often positive,partly CD117 positive and low expression of CD71,lacking of myeloid-associated antigen expression.Chromosomal abnormalities can be found in more than 70% patients without specific genetic alterations.-5/5q-,-7/7q-or +8 changes and complex karyotype abnormalities are most common.Anthracycline plus cytarabine chemotherapy regimens are more adopted.Chemotherapy complete remission(CR)rate of primary PEL is about 50%-60% and only 10%-20% in secondary PEL with short remission period and median survival time is 4-5 months.Conelusion:Pure erythroleukemia is very rare,Curative effect and prognosis are poor with the traditional chemotherapy.


This work is a first step towards an integration
of multimodality with the aim to make efficient
use of both human-like, and non-human-like
feedback modalities in order to optimize proactive information
retrieval from task-related Human-Robot
Interaction (HRI) in human environments. The presented
approach combines the human-like modalities
speech and emotional facialmimicry with non-humanlike
modalities. The proposed non-human-like modalities
are a screen displaying retrieved knowledge of the
robot to the human and a pointer mounted above the
robot head for pointing directions and referring to objects
in shared visual space as an equivalent for arm
and hand gestures. Initially, pre-interaction feedback
is explored in an experiment investigating different approach
behaviors in order to find socially acceptable
trajectories to increase the success of interactions and
thus efficiency of information retrieval. Secondly, preevaluated
human-like modalities are introduced. First
results of a multimodal feedback study are presented
in the context of the IURO project1, where a robot asks
for its way to a predefined goal location.


This article examines the developments and challenges of China's new corporate reorganization law, which is enshrined in the newly-enacted PRC Enterprise Bankruptcy Law 2006. In particular, it sheds light on the difficulties of commencing formal corporate reorganisation procedures, alternative control models and formulating reorganisation plans under the new law in China.This paper investigates the corporate reorganization of the Chinese public companies listed on its Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, which took place between 1 June 2007 and 31 December 2013. These cases arose within the corporate reorganization regime enshrined in China's newly enacted Enterprise Bankruptcy Law 2006 (The EBL 2006). By examining forty‐three listed company reorganizations, this paper challenges the assertion made in most of these corporate reorganization plans that the major beneficiaries of such reorganizations are the company's creditors, employees and general public shareholders. Through an analysis of the statistics derived from these company reorganization plans, annual reports, public notices and the media reports, this research found that creditors, employees and general public shareholders do not actually benefit much from such corporate reorganizations on the following grounds.First, the data suggests that creditors, especially unsecured creditors could have received 62.90% more if the fundamental value distribution principle – the absolute priority norm, which makes creditors be paid before shareholders – was complied with; second, on average 77.29% of employees lost jobs during and before reorganization; and third, substantial losses were incurred by general public shareholders, as they had to give up part of their shares under these reorganization plans, 85.37% of 6 them could have been avoided if the general‐public‐shareholder‐protection scheme issued by China's Supreme People Court was rigorously applied.This paper concludes that instead of maximizing the interests of creditors, employees and general public shareholders, most of listed company reorganizations in China seemed to mainly benefit local government, controlling shareholders and strategic investors. This paper suggests that only by stringently applying basic insolvency value distribution norms and by improving transparency will the reorganization procedure involving China's listed companies be strengthened so as to ensure greater legal certainty for their stakeholders.


The method of fabric appearance simulation is one of important researches during the fabric CAD (Computer Aided Design) system development.In order to improve the efficiency of fabric realistic image forming algorithm,an innovative fast algorithm about fabric appearance simulation was put forward. Through analyzing the light intensity distribution of the float on the fabric surface,a rule was found which is every float diffuse reflection intensity decreasing with the distance along orientation of axes and section increasing,and the attenuation coefficient is the cosines of the angle of incidence. According to the rule,mathematical model and algorithm were established.Validity of the method was proved in the experiment.


The USDA has projected 2015-16 marketing year corn exports at 1.8 billion bushels, compared to shipments of 1.864 billion last year. The pace of shipments, however, has been extremely slow during the first quarter of the marketing year. During the first 12.5 weeks of the year, export inspections totaled only 264 million bushels, 94 million less than during the same period last year. New export sales were very large during the week ended November 19, reflecting large sales to Mexico. Weekly sales of 80.2 million bushels were the largest in 10 months and among the largest on record. Still, unshipped sales as of November 19 were lagging those of a year ago by 110 million bushels. To reach the USDA export projection for the year, shipments will need to increase from an average of 22 million bushels per week experienced so far this year (Census adjusted) to 38 million bushels. New sales will need to average about 28 million bushels per week.


Aim : To identify the important risk factors as well as observe some short and long term maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with teenage pregnancy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 142 teen age adolescent mothers was carried out over a 2 year period in an inner city teaching hospital and tertiary referral centre in South East London. Results were compared with a control group of 4004 22-29 year old pregnant women over the same period. Results: Our study demonstrates associations between teenage pregnancy and some adverse outcomes, namely low birth weight, low Apgar scores and lower incidence of artificial first feed. But contrary to the published literature, no correlation was found with pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm labour, operative vaginal delivery and caesarean section.


An 8-month-old, 3.5 kg intact female Toy Poodle was presented for non-weight-bearing lameness on left hindlimb. In radiological testing, left proximal tibal type II Salter-Harris physeal fracture and fibular fracture were seen. Following open reduction, the fracture was stabilized with cross-pins, tension band wires, and a hinged transarticular external skeletal fixator (HTAESF). The range of the HTAESF was increased to 25o at 7 days postsurgery and to 70o at 14 days post-surgery. The HTAESF was removed 3 weeks after surgery. At 6 weeks post-surgery, the fracture was successfully healed with no complications and the patient recovered a normal gait. Seven months post-surgery, the patient had a normal gait and a normal stifle joint range of motion compared to the contralateral normal limb. This is a case in which the combined use of cross-pins, tension band wires, and HTAESF was successful for treatment of a proximal tibial physeal fracture in a dog. It is thought that these methods are beneficial for stability of fracture site and recover of joint's normal range of motion through early joint movement.


This paper considers an infinite dam fed by a discrete input Xt during the time interval [t, t + 1), t = 0, 1, 2, ···. At time t – 0 there is an output Yt = min(Zt –1, + Xt –1, r) from the dam leaving behind the amount Zt = max(0, Zt –1, + Xt –1, r). The probability Pr(Zt = i), i = 0, 1, 2, ··· is discussed under the strict assumption that r > 1 and the given initial condition that Z 0 = u, u = 1, 2, ···. The generating function technique has been used throughout the paper.


This guide provides information for Psychology students Referencing is a practice of acknowledging sources and ideas used in assignment, conference paper, reports or any academic writing.


Launched on 25 October 2005, TopSat is a small (<110kg) low-cost (~ $28M), electro-optical (EO) imaging satellite demonstrator designed, built and operated by an industrial British consortium led by QinetiQ under contract to the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) and the British National Space Centre (BNSC). Despite early technical difficulties, the programme demonstrated that the UK could successfully build and operate a small, low cost, satellite that could be tasked quickly and provide very fresh imagery. It also provided potential users with insights into how a future system might be employed. The military utility of TopSat was assessed by the UK MoD TopSat Users Group (TUG) through an evaluation of the performance of the satellite system during a series of operational experiment trials through 2006-2007. The TUG comprised participants from front line Commands and other MoD organisations, and was assembled specifically to undertake the assessment of the military utility of TopSat. This paper presents the joint assessment made by the TUG and includes the conclusions and lessons drawn from the programme relevant to the implementation of responsive space


Complications which were related either to radical vulvectomy or to lymphadenectomy have mostly developed in post operative period. Here, we report an intra-operative cardiac arrest case during radical vulvectomy which is under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia. A 78 year-old female patient underwent radical vulvectomy under spinal anesthesia with a diagnosis of vulvar cancer. Intraoperative cardiac arrest developed and after immediate cardio-pulmonary ressusitation, sinus rhythm was restored. Cardiac arrest due to spinal anesthesia is a rare complication with the incidence of 0.063%. Despite, vulvar surgery is known as a relatively safe procedure for complications like cardiac arrest, maximum care should be given both before and during the operation. It can be descriced as "once in a life" experience for a surgeon and instant decisions for the management of this condition will be life saving or mortal.


In this paper we develop a load dispatch model for the system consisting of both thermal generators and wind turbines. In this model, the probability of stochastic wind power is included in the constraint set. This approach avoids the probabilistic infeasibility caused by using the average of random variables. The effects of wind speed on the generated power are investigated. Numerical simulations for a generic system are reported.


Speaking allows people to communicate with one another. Speaking skills are more difficult for new English students to learn than other English skills. A tutor uses Google Translate to support basic speaking in the Pre-speaking class. This motivates students and teachers to use the app to search for vocabulary as they express ideas. The results showed that using Google Translate to support speaking achievement in basic level of Z-Generation International Foundation students had a positive effect. This is a qualitative descriptive study. The researcher collected data through interviews, observations, and documentation on period 10th June 2022. This study shows that using Google Translate to support speaking skills increases students' interest in regularly practicing their speaking skills. For teachers, this method can produce positive results in teaching and learning. This can be seen in the fact that students are motivated and interested in speaking in class or outside of class on a regular basis.


It is not an easy task to present a concise, clear, and complete review of European research in the field of quantitative economic history. Indeed, several difficulties arise when one starts to critically review the long tradition of European historiography and its vast literature. First, it is difficult to precisely define what is meant by the concept of quantitative economic history. Second, the time period which is to be reviewed, must be carefully delineated. Indeed, if a very general interpretation is given to the above mentioned concept and a long period of historical research is studied, then the literature fitting such criteria is vast and can hardly be reviewed within the strict scheme of a meaningful synthesis. If, on the contrary, a rather narrow interpretation is used, then the review will only contain a brief list of the very few cliometric studies which were undertaken in Europe. Consequently, it is vitally important to adequately limit the scope of this paper so that the relevant quantitative and economic aspects of European historical research clearly emerge.


In this paper, we discuss the design rationale and guidelines to build magnet-less circulators based on spatiotemporal modulation of resonant junctions consisting of first-order bandstop filters connected in a delta topology. Without modulation, the junction does not allow transmission between its ports; however, when the natural oscillation frequencies of the constituent <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC$ </tex-math></inline-formula> filters are modulated in time with a suitable phase pattern, a synthetic angular-momentum bias can be effectively imparted to the junction and a transmission window opens at one of the output ports, thus realizing a circulator. We develop a rigorous small-signal linear model and find analytical expressions for the harmonic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-parameters of the proposed circuit, which significantly facilitate the design process. We validate the theory with simulations and further discuss the large-signal response, including power handling, nonlinearity, and noise performance. Finally, we present measured results with unprecedented performance in all metrics for a printed circuit board prototype using off-the-shelf discrete components.


hermeneutics from which history is excluded. Exposition and commentary are fatally blurred, so diat moderately uninformed readers will find the book quite unhelpful if they wish to find out what Greenberg wrote and when. Anyone who has read Art and Culture will find the three headings under which the cohering centres of Greenberg's thought are located, "Dialectical Conversion," "Unity," and "The Decorative," singularly unenlightening because such terms hover midway between their tenuous instigation in what Greenberg wrote and their role in articulating Kuspit's own post-Greenberg position. To begin to make sense of the ambiguities in Greenberg's use of "decorative," for instance, would entail differentiation between events in the separate domains of art and culture. But it would be precisely at this point also that Greenberg's possible status as a theorist would be called into question, for in his reflection on his own career in Art and Culture the relationship intended between the two domains is far from clear, and it would appear that Greenberg was content to allow the historical basis of his opinions to remain largely implicit in its articulation as his response to particular works of art. Since 1961 Greenberg would appear to have gone on consolidating this occlusion, increasingly preoccupied with the notion of taste's objectivity, so that while his opinions have remained relatively constant their explanation has shifted its ground from the analysis of social and artistic history to the operation of a category of transcendent Kantian common sense realised in the critic.


Aerial vehicles class of RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems) is a group of unmanned flying vehicles performing non-autonomous flights, controlled by a ground operator. The civil market of RPAS applications is a dynamically growing part of the industry. European strategy establishes to create the environment for performing RPAS civil operations in common airspace (by the 2024-2028 years). Currently, in Europe, the dominant model for RPAS flights is airspace segregation. The aim of this paper is the identification of the fields in regulations that need to be developed towards fulfilling the requirements of RPAS flight integration in common airspace. The attention was focused on the unmanned aircraft operations on controlled airports and within controlled airports airspaces. The analysis of current RPAS regulations was performed with relation to the classification, safety of flights, certification and existing IFR RPAS procedures. The dependence between mass categorization of RPAS and the level of allowed air operations was considered. Selected regulations of international institutions (ICAO, EASA) and national authorities (EU members and outside EU countries) were used. The performed analysis allowed to identify the advance of existing regulations, indicate the advantageous rules for RPAS flights and find the fields in which the further development or modifications are required towards the integration of RPAS IFR flights in common airspace.


In the last fifteen years Ecuador has achieved its greatest sporting
accomplishments ever, which has increased people's interest in sports, thus
increasing the number of sports fans. After carrying out an analysis, it was
determined that there is an unmet need in regards to sports-related clothing.
As there is not any company in Quito that sells t-shirts with printings about sport
phrases, cartoons and chants, this project seeks to determine the feasibility of
creating a company that commercializes these in the city. The added value that
will determine the success of this project will mainly focus on the creativity and
quality that the final product sold to the public will have.
The potential market of the project is 342,293, which accounts for a great
success rate, as only 2.5% of it should be achieved throughout the first year.
This means that there is a realistic margin for a company that will tackle an
unmet need...


― Quality is very important in the success of construction projects. Tatamulia Nusantara Indah Contractor, has a standard of work quality based on the SMM (Quality Management System) for all projects undertaken. One of the projects is Ciputra World Surabaya 3, this project is a large project consisting of a Mall, Office Tower, SOHO and Vertu Apartments. This research will be carried out to improve the quality of structural work. The method used is the Six Sigma DMAIC approach (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control). Data collected from the Employment Nonconformity Report (LKP) in 2019. Starting from identifying the job with the highest number of LKPs, then calculating work disability using the sigma level. Defects that are at the sigma level will be analyzed and corrective actions sought. Furthermore, different field tests will be carried out to determine the comparison of work with the quality produced. The results obtained in this study using the Six Sigma DMAIC approach are successful in improving the quality of structure work compared to the previous conditions, because applying the recommendations of the best work actions before work will produce good quality as well. a of continuous quality improvement, the variability of the process is to be minimized only 3.4 failures in one million times. The results of this will be re-assessed with the existing Quality Management System at Tatamulia and will see differences in the results of the quality of work before and


Under the medium‐sized constituency system the Liberal Democrats (LDP) had emerged as the dominant party commanding majorities in both Houses of the Diet since 1955 and had governed the country for 38 years. While Cabinet measures dominate the legislative process, the reactive Diet has revealed its viscosity in law making and budget scrutiny, in which the opposition parties found the means to exert their influence on the policy process. The non‐ministerial members of the LDP also found their chance of power by participating in the 'governing party scrutiny' of the Cabinet measures informally institutionalised prior to the formal decision by the Cabinet. On the other hand, the LDP plutocracy invited the 1994 political reforms, in which the first‐past‐the‐post system juxtaposed with proportional representation was introduced in the elections to the House of Representatives. In the wake of the reform, a number of signs have emerged indicating that the Diet is moving towards more transformative roles in the p...


Abstract Finite-element solutions of a number of one-dimensional linear and nonlinear (nonsingular) integral equations arising in radiative heat transfer and boundarylayer theory are presented.


Applications of the hybrid theory to the scattering of electrons from Ile+ and Li++ and resonances in these systems, A. K. Bhatia, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center- The Hybrid theory of electron-hydrogen elastic scattering [I] is applied to the S-wave scattering of electrons from He+ and Li++. In this method, both short-range and long-range correlations are included in the Schrodinger equation at the same time. Phase shifts obtained in this calculation have rigorous lower bounds to the exact phase shifts and they are compared with those obtained using the Feshbach projection operator formalism [2], the close-coupling approach [3], and Harris-Nesbet method [4]. The agreement among all the calculations is very good. These systems have doubly-excited or Feshbach resonances embedded in the continuum. The resonance parameters for the lowest ' S resonances in He and Li+ are calculated and they are compared with the results obtained using the Feshbach projection operator formalism [5,6]. It is concluded that accurate resonance parameters can be obtained by the present method, which has the advantage of including corrections due to neighboring resonances and the continuum in which these resonances are embedded.


Such methods as literature review,expert interviewing,questionnaire survey,on-the-spot investigation,etc.were used to study and analyze the investigation,which had been made in eight colleges and universities in the Guangzhou area,into how college physical education functions in shaping college student's psychological quality and the psychological status quo of college students.The result showed that physical exercise could effectively ease students' psychological pressure and slow down their mental senility,bring into line interpersonal relationship and improve social adaptability,greatly enhance self-confidence and cultivate strong will,help regulate negative emotions and comprehensively promote personality development,and improve students'mental health and psychological health in agricultural colleges and universities.Therefore,carrying out psychological health education among college students in combination of physical education will surely produce a good influence on students 'psychological health.It is both important and feasible for colleges and universities to integrate mental health education into physical education.The research on how to establish the mechanism with which the mental health education can be carried out in physical education should be quickened to provide a new way of thinking for the current quality-oriented education and physical education reform.The integration of mental health education into college physical education is helpful to improving students'social competitive power and adaptability and to cultivating healthy competitive talents for an efficient and harmonious society.


The US Supreme Court gives a huge contribution trough the stare decisis rule for the po- litical behavior adopted in the country when it faces emergency times, like the history shows us. The cases Hamdi et al. v. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense e Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense et al. bring some precedents that enforce the Estate duties to protect and ensure to every single man the human rights achieved from the evolutive process of the mankind, not allowing the crash of a Estate ruled by the Law on the circumstances founded in the war against terror. SUMARIO: Introducao; 1 A normatividade a partir da Constituicao; 2 O due process of law no Di- reito norte-americano; 3 Precedentes atuais da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos; Conclusao; Referencias.


Child cerebral palsy is a neuromotor disorder resulting from non-progressive encephalopathy. The impact of the disease is significant because of its effect on the child, family and society. The main cause is not yet known, but it is known that hypoxia and cerebral ischaemia contribute. Some measures to avoid the disease can be taken in the perinatal period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and sources of information about Child Cerebral Palsy. Mothers enrolled in the "Viver Melhor" Family Health Program in Diamantina, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were selected and interviewed using semi-structured questions about the problem. After the speech was transcribed, the discourse was grouped around three themes: knowledge about cerebral palsy, sources of information about the disease and the role of health services in the prevention of child cerebral palsy. The results indicated that education initiatives must be widened through redesigning professional practice, increasing public policies and improving services provided to women in the perinatal period.


To obtain the optimal product design from the engineering point of view,finite element structural optimization is performed on mechanical joints considering optimal structural parameter configuration under stress constraints.A theoretical result is obtained by finite element computation software Abaqus;considering the reliability and robustness generated by manufacturing tolerances and material property fluctuations,the structure parameters are analyzed and redesigned to perform the optimal structural parameter configuration by OPTIMUS.An example shows that the method has some practical value.


ABSTRACT Background: Single Event Multi Level Surgery (SEMLS) is the treatment most often used to correct deformities and functional in children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy. There is no research in Indonesia that assesses the ankle function in patients with Spastic CP Diplegic has done SEMLS. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age, gender and time period after surgery with functional ankle patients with CP Spastic Diplegic that has been done SEMLS in the RSO. Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Surakarta (RSO). Method: This study was a cross sectional study in 43 patients (25 male and 18 female) patients with Spastic Cerebral Palsy Diplegia that has been done SEMLS in pediatric orthopedics clinic RSO. Prof.dr.R.Soeharso Surakarta at least 3 months postoperatively, since January 1st 2013 to December 31st 2014. We assess ankle function using the Oxford Ankle Foot Quissionairre for Children. From the results of the questionnaire we value outcomes as a percentage and we regrouped into 4 groups: value of 91% - 100% for excellent value, 81% - 90% for good, 71% - 80% for fair and if less than 70% for poor. Then we evaluated the influence of age, sex and lenght of postoperative evaluation time to ankle functional score of patients with examination of linear regression model analysis. Results: There were 52 patients with Spastic CP Diplegi have done SEMLS but only 43 patients who qualified the inclusion criteria, the youngest patient was 5 years old and the oldest 15 years old with a mean age of 8.3 years. From the 43 patients, 25 are men and 18 were women. Postoperative time with the fastest time of observation was 5 months and the longest was 26 months with a mean of 14.3 months postoperatively SEMLS. From the 43 patients there are 11 patients (25%) function are excellent, 21 patients (49%) are good, 8 patients (19%) are fair, and 3 (7%) are poor. Age factor significantly influence the functional ankle score (p = 0.013) and postoperative time factors also significantly influence the functional score Ankle with (p = 0.04). While gender has no effect on the functional ankle score (p= 0,266). Conclusion: Paediatri Orthopaedic clinic at RSO. Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso has succed treated patients with CP Spastic Diplegic by performed SEMLS. Age and time of postoperative significantly influence the ankle functional score in patients with CP Spatik Diplegic that have been done SEMLS. While the sex of the patients had no effect on the ankle functional score in patients with CP Spastic Diplegic that have been done SEMLS. Keywords: RSO Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso, CP Spastic Diplegic, SEMLS, Ankle Functional Score


The improvement of the national economy has led to the rapid development of e-commerce business, which has caused an explosive growth of warehouse orders. Picking is the core operation of the warehouse, which occupies a lot of time and capital costs. Therefore, optimizing the picking path has become an urgent problem for e-commerce companies to solve. This article calculates the distance matrix based on the characteristics of multi-zone warehouses, establishes a Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) model to process 49 combined orders, and solves the model through the simulated annealing algorithm. In addition, add review stations at different locations to analyze the impact on delivery time. Finally, the optimal picking path, the optimal distribution method of orders, and the time it takes to deliver are obtained. The results indicate that the TSP model combined with the simulated annealing algorithm can optimize the picking path, adding a review station close to the center of the warehouse can reduce the time of delivery, and the model is universal applicability.


stance that Dd represents an ill-defined region in many studies. What is described as Dd in different teleosts is often either part of the laterodorsal pallial division (Dl) or, at most rostral levels, part of the superficially located Dc zone [Pepels et al., 2002; Harvey-Girard et al., 2007]. In fact, I understand Dd less as a histogenetic unit and more as a piscine Fata Morgana, a nonentity which sprung from the, at times, blurry waters of histological evidence. Dc, in contrast, needs to be recognized as an independent primary pallial division that comprises its own dorsal proliferative zone. This zone of origin is located in the most anterior part of the telencephalon of adult zebrafish and at anterior levels may also include the periventricular stellate zone mentioned by Northcutt. I agree with Northcutt, however, that the dorsal pallium has to be clarified in basal ray-finned fish. Our modified partial eversion model of the teleostean telencephalon might, in fact, open the door for the decipherment of the simple eversion apparently present in basal ray-finned fish. The teleostean pallium develops in a caudorostral direction. For example, the hippocampal sheet (Dl) – a late developing division – overgrows the dorsal pallial sheet (Dc) from a caudolateral to a mediorostral direction. Thus, reading the telencephala of ray-finned fish from back to front, as we have done, is key for understanding their organization. Future studies in Polypterus or Acipenser need to conNorthcutt [2011] in his commentary on our study 'The Dorsal Pallium of Zebrafish, Danio rerio (Cyprinidae, Teleostei)' [Mueller et al., 2011] calls our reinterpretation of the pallial eversion in teleosts a 'piscine Pandora's box.' This is an intriguing yet not neutral comparison. The proverbial box of Greek mythology famously stands for an unleashing of evil and bad surprises – a can of worms, so to speak, which once opened cannot be closed and contained again. Which aspects of our paper are surprising and perhaps change the perspective on teleostean brain evolution? We examine the teleostean telencephalon and define the central (Dc) zone as topologically corresponding to the dorsal pallium of other vertebrates. This is important because we locate a brain region in zebrafish that in mammals gives rise to the isocortex. Now, teleosts can be used to trace the evolutionary preconditions of this extraordinary part of the brain. Our study also demonstrates that the posterior (Dp) zone of the zebrafish pallium gets exiled by radial migration and thus topologically corresponds to the lateral pallium [Wullimann and Mueller, 2004]. We call this modified partial eversion an outwardinward folding model to reflect the developmental history of the dorsal pallial division (Dc). Apparently, a disturbing surprise in the eyes of Northcutt is a side aspect of our paper: the argued absence of the dorsal (Dd) pallial zone. Important for the discussion of this region is the circumPublished online: November 8, 2011


Most scholars believe,the basic tendency on the problem of ghosts and spirits in Confucian's horizon is:"respecting ghosts and spirits and keeping them at a distance".We should pay special attention that the discussion of the problem shall be established in the scope of Confucian's thought,and not compared with western religion.Ghosts and spirits which presented in "The analects" text are not the collection of real beings.They are non objectivity existence which is always in particular circumstances.For this premise,"why respect" and "why keep distance" can get much better comprehension.On the discussion of the relationship between respect and keep distance,we can have a consensus that "respecting ghosts and spirits and keeping them at a distance" is a best solution to the problem of ghosts and spirits.


Anastomotic leakage (AL) as a result of creation of a colorectal/anal anastomosis still represents a frequent complication of colorectal surgery, with short‐ and long‐term consequences on postoperative morbidity, quality of life and oncological outcomes. However, early diagnosis of AL may result in improved outcomes. The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of water‐soluble contrast enema (WSCE), contrast enema computed tomography (CECT) and endoscopy in identifying AL and to identify the diagnostic procedure that is most accurate.


This study examines the persistent and transitory effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on the environmental impact assessment in Africa. The applied advanced econometrics is based on both the Mundlak and Hausman–Taylor methodology for correcting endogeneity and the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) method to identify any potential cross-panel correlation. The empirical evidence suggests that an increase in ICT (Internet penetration) has a positive transitory effect on the environment. On the contrary, an increase in ICT has a negative persistent effect on the environment. This implies that a temporary change in ICT usage increases carbon emissions, whereas ICT use can reduce carbon emissions in the long run. In addition, this study identified mediums through which ICT can affect the environment, such as energy consumption. Therefore, this study recommends continuous investment in ICT infrastructure and education on the importance of practicing environmentally sustainable practices. Similarly, energy conservation is critical because use of the Internet appears to indirectly increase energy usage by increasing the overall productivity of the economy, which may subsequently degrade the environment.


ABSTRACT Three kinds of multicomponent diffusion effects, arising from three distinct physical mechanisms, are evident in stranded diffusion profiles at the rims of partially resorbed garnets from the contact aureole of the Makhavinekh Lake Pluton, northern Labrador. Profiles that display a subtle maximum in Ca concentration are explained by the prevailing ideal mean-field theory of multicomponent diffusion, but models implementing that theory cannot replicate inverted profiles for Li and internal maxima for Nd, Sm, and Eu. The anomalous profiles are quantitatively reproduced, however, by numerical simulations employing a model based on coupled movement of charge-compensating groups during diffusional transport of yttrium and the rare-earth elements (Y+REEs). An alkali-type charge-compensation mechanism for the heterovalent substitution of Y+REEs on dodecahedral sites in garnet produces direct charge coupling between Li+ and (Y+REE)3+ and leads to co-diffusion of Li+-(Y+REE)3+ pairs, with the result that Li profiles closely mimic those for Y+REEs. A menzerite-type charge-compensation mechanism produces indirect charge coupling among all Y+REE components, with the result that the fluxes of low-abundance REEs become partly dependent on the fluxes of Y+REEs present in higher abundance. These findings have implications for the robustness of Li profiles in garnet as monitors of fluid–rock interaction, for geochronology based on the Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf systems, and for future experimental attempts to quantify rates of diffusion in garnet.


We present a unified theory for two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra of Wannier excitons in a low-dimensional semiconductor of an arbitrary dimension d=0, 1, 2, and 3. It is found that the spectra strongly reflect the anisotropies of both the band structure and the quasi-d-dimensional exciton envelope functions. Therefore the low dimensionality can be sensitively detected by the TPA spectroscopy. This is in striking contrast to the one-photon absorption spectra, anisotropies of which cannot be taken as evidence of quantum confinements.


What follows is a response from far away to a city, its citizens and professional colleagues ravaged by a series of devastating earthquakes and aftershocks in 2010. It was an attempt to offer stories that could be easily circulated around professional circles and the populace. These might be considered to be 'teaching tales', which the author hoped would implicate community responses to what could be regarded as individual problems.


Psychoactive plants have been used by humans for recreational, spiritual, and therapeutic purposes for millennia. Africa possesses an ancient tradition of medicinal plant use and has a rich tradition of using its indigenous plants for these purposes. Given African's high floristic diversity, and the strong connection between plants and the many African cultures and societies, relatively few African psychoactive plants have been investigated in detail when compared to the Americas. This review examines the traditional uses of plants from sub-Saharan Africa that exhibit an effect on the central nervous system. The use, chemistry and pharmacology of well researched and documented plants such as Catha edulis, Cola species, Datura species, Pausinystalia yohimbe (=Corynanth yohimbe) and Tabernanthe iboga are reviewed. Newer discoveries are highlighted as well as particular difficulties that are encountered when investigating African psychoactive plants.


The utility model relates to an electronic basic thermometer, which is composed of an oscillator divider 1, a single-chip microcomputer 2, a liquid crystal driver 3, a liquid display screen 4, an RC oscillator 5, a vibrating bell circuit 6, a keyboard 7, a temperature sensor 8, a nand gate 9, a cell detection circuit 11, a housing 12, etc. The thermometer is used for measuring the female body temperature, and the information of easy gestational period, contraception period, menstruation period, early pregnancy, yellow body dysfunction, body temperature, etc. are displayed by figures and characters on the liquid display screen. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of easy use, timely measuring, non missed measuring, visual display, and convenient carrying.


This paper identifies the role of roads in improving agricultural livelihoods and examines the key market mechanisms through which improved connectivity translates into economic gains for agricultural households. I use a rigorous identification strategy based on the rugged terrain that significantly influences the design and costs of constructing roads in Nepal, along with new geospatial data to find a positive impact of roads on farmland values. A 1% decrease in distance to a road raises the market price of an agricultural plot from 0.1% to 0.25%. This increase in land value is underpinned by increased participation by households in agricultural markets and improved farm production and incomes. The results also suggest that a decrease in the distance to a road contributes to the commercialization of agriculture and increases the use of fertilizer in agricultural production, thus reducing the unit cost of fertilizers.


Fex, J., Auditory activity in uncrossed centrifugal cochlear fibres in cat. A study of a feedback system, II. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 43–57. – In decerebrate cats all of the cochlear efferents except the uncrossed olivo-cochlear fibres were cut, the vestibulo-cochlear anastomosis was exposed through the vestibule and single unit activity was recorded in, and close to, the anastomosis with micropipette electrodes. Although the auditory function was destroyed in the dissected cochlea, resting activity was found in primary auditory afferents, suggesting that synaptic mechanisms could still be intact in such a preparation. – Uncrossed olivo-cochlear fibres were activated by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral cochlear nerve and by acoustic stimulation of the contralateral ear. When activated by sound, the uncrossed efferents in the basal fascicle of the anastomosis generally responded to higher tone frequencies than did fibres in the apical fascicle, which suggests that afferents and uncrossed efferents from homotopic cochlear points in opposite cochleae are connected. The fibres responded characteristically with a low, regular firing rate without an initial burst and with a long latency at threshold, indicating that their input would be integrated over a considerable time. Many of the efferents showed resting activity which, with few exceptions, could be inhibited by sound depending on the choice of tone frequency. – The findings suggest that the uncrossed cochlear efferents and ipsilateral auditory afferents together form an auditory, closed feedback loop, which is directly influenced by the contralateral ear and support the hypothesis (Fex 1962) that the uncrossed and the crossed olivo-cochlear bundles together form a complex, auditory feedback mechanism.


A hybrid multiple access apparatus in a mobile communication system and a method thereof are provided to expect a more efficient reverse hybrid multiple access scheme and higher spectrum efficiency by executing reverse transmission in a non-orthogonal method if high-speed data transmission is not required and executing reverse transmission in an orthogonal method if high-speed data transmission is required. A reverse hybrid multiple access apparatus in a mobile communication system comprises a non-orthogonal signal receiving part(2001), a channel estimation part(2002), an orthogonal resource request detection part(2003), an orthogonal resource allocation part(2004), and an orthogonal resource allocation information transmitting part(2005). The non-orthogonal signal receiving part(2001) receives signals from a mobile station in a non-orthogonal method. The channel estimation part(2002) estimates a channel state between the mobile station and a base station. The orthogonal resource request detection part(2003) detects an orthogonal resource request received from the mobile station. The orthogonal resource allocation part(2004) allocates an orthogonal resource to the mobile station by using channel estimation information of the channel estimation part(2002) according to the detected orthogonal resource request. The orthogonal resource allocation information transmitting part(2005) delivers the allocated resource to the mobile station.


This study analyzes applicability of the principle of legality taxation in the valuation contribution. It has been a topic of much discussion among the legal community of lawyers, litigators , public officials, jurists, teachers, judges, since it is a special tax called by some people, although it has its own characteristics and particular should not escape taxation characteristics. It explores the elements of the tax and see if those items contain the contribution valuation. We conclude that the tax base and tariffs, the tax items, are not developed in the valuation contribution in a formal way, but in a material one, as there is no rule to determine the valuation contribution benefit since in practice it is untenable a rule set that type of benefit of each property.


Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that
adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres. A
telomere is a region of repetitive sequences at each end of eukaryotic
chromosomes in most eukaryotes. Telomeres protect the end of the chromosome
from DNA damage or from fusion with neighbouring chromosomes. The fruit fly
Drosophila melanogaster lacks telomerase, but instead uses retrotransposons to
maintain telomeres.


The physic nut ( Jatropha curcas L.) is a promising oilseeds species for fuel purposes and is attracting great interest from researchers and farmers who aim to produce biodiesel. This is due to the long production cycle and quality of oil produced by physic nut, among other factors. The commercial crop of physic nut in Brazil has been little studied, but the country possesses many qualities to lead the physic nut production, especially by incorporation of areas without competing with food production. However, the research results with the culture in Brazil are still incipient and preliminary, especially with regard to the fertilizer recommendation and nutritional demands. Based on the fact that any information related to this subject is very useful to assisting future researches, this review show an information compiled dealing nutrition and NPK fertilization for physic nut crop in Brazil.


Background: The Catholic Church in Diocese Ruteng is 107 years old. The spread of Catholic religion has grown with the number of followers of 87.95% of the total population. In addition to the spread of Catholicism, missionaries opened institutions for education, health, and economic empowerment of their people. Purpose: This study revealed the role of missionaries in Diocese Ruteng to increase HDI (Human Development Index) in


The intensive care unit (ICU) comprises a complex hospital environment, where decisions made by clinicians have a high level of risk for the patients' lives. A comprehensive care pathway must then be followed to reduce p complications. Uncertain, competing and unplanned aspects within this environment increase the difficulty in uniformly implementing the care pathway. Readmission contributes to this pathway's difficulty, occurring when patients are admitted again to the ICU in a short timeframe, resulting in high mortality rates and high resource utilisation. Several works have tried to predict readmission through patients' medical information. Although they have some level of success while predicting readmission, those works do not properly assess, characterise and understand readmission prediction. This work proposes a standardised and explainable machine learning pipeline to model patient readmission on a multicentric database (i.e., the eICU cohort with 166,355 patients, 200,859 admissions and 6,021 readmissions) while validating it on monocentric (i.e., the MIMIC IV cohort with 382,278 patients, 523,740 admissions and 5,984 readmissions) and multicentric settings. Our machine learning pipeline achieved predictive performance in terms of the area of the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) up to 0.7 with a Random Forest classification model, yielding an overall good calibration and consistency on validation sets. From explanations provided by the constructed models, we could also derive a set of insightful conclusions, primarily on variables related to vital signs and blood tests (e.g., albumin, blood urea nitrogen and hemoglobin levels), demographics (e.g., age, and admission height and weight), and ICU-associated variables (e.g., unit type). These insights provide an invaluable source of information during clinicians' decision-making while discharging ICU patients.


Events such as the presidential elections in the United States, both in 2008 (with President Barack Obama) and in 2016 (with President Donald Trump), in France in 2017 (with President Emmanuel Macron), in Canada In 2015 (with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau), the phenomenon of the Green Wave in Colombia led by Antanas Mockus and the results of the Plebiscite in Colombia in 2016 are key examples of the articulation between the political ecosystem and digital tools Like social networks.
This paper aims to expand these examples. In addition, a type of analysis is proposed, which highlights the observation of the dynamics that a candidate has when generating content on Twitter, and the forms of interaction and response of users with candidates for the presidency of Colombia for the year 2018.


The contribution deals with the unfair Trade Practices in
Business and in the Adjudication of the EU Court of Justice and
Czech Courts


In the separated microwave H and E fields, the heating behaviour of a SiO2/Si substrate was first investigated. Subsequently, the heating behaviour was further compared with the samples deposited with Pt/Ti electrodes and PZT films, respectively. It was found that PZT thin films were much more efficiently heated and crystallized in the H field than in the E field; moreover, the heating of the samples was derived mainly from the contribution of Pt/Ti and Si, which is distinct from the previous assumption about microwave dielectric heating of the E field. This unexpected foundation indicates that susceptors or high power are not necessary for microwave annealing of thin films, and furthermore, this method provides a new path for annealing any kind of thin film deposited on semiconducting or conductive substrates.


Mixed systems of graphite carbon and polyethylene glycol are found to show an anomalous increase in electrical resistance at certain temperatures. Making use of this property, we have made plane heaters of these graphite carbon‐polyethylene glycol mixed systems. These heaters, when the power was supplied, maintained constant temperature without any temperature control device. It is also found that the constant temperature depends upon the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol used. This makes it possible to obtain a heater which maintains a desired intrinsic constant temperature without any temperature control device.


ABSTRACT. Let G/K be a Riemannian symmetric space of noncompact type, and let νa j , j = 1, ...,r be some orbital measures on G (see the definition below). The aim of this paper is to study the L-regularity (resp. C-smoothness) of the Radon-Nikodym derivative of the convolution νa1 ∗ ... ∗ νar with respect to a fixed left Haar measure μG on G. As a consequence of a result of Ragozin, [11], we prove that if r ≥ max1≤i≤s dimGi/Ki , then νa1 ∗ ...∗νar is absolutely continuous with respect to μG, i.e., d ( νa1 ∗ ...∗νar )


By determining the physical-chemical's characters including pH, organic matter and humus in soil, it fount out the influence factors of the lead concentration and distributing. Morover the article fount out the diffirents lixiviate reagents of the various forms lead and determined the concentration of the various forms lead. The article summarized the moving-transiting rule of the lead in soil. It provided a foundation on theory for the prevention and cure lead pollution on agriculture.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to build a theoretical model of how and what clinical psychologists learn from service user and carer involvement in their training. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative research design was adopted, and verbatim transcripts of semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 clinical psychologists were analysed using grounded theory methodology. Findings – Findings indicated that clinical psychologists learned from service user and carer involvement in a variety of ways and a preliminary model was proposed, encompassing four main categories: "mechanisms of learning", "relational and contextual factors facilitating learning", "relational and contextual factors hindering learning" and "impact". Research limitations/implications – Further research is required to establish to what extent the current findings may be transferrable to learning from service user and carer involvement in the context of educating professionals from other disciplines. Additionally, participa...


The UK economy faces a major challenge; our indigenous gas supplies are in decline and we are moving towards increasing import dependence on gas. By the end of the decade, the UK will have an import dependency of around 30%, and by 2020 it could rise to some 80%. To manage this change, new gas supply infrastructure is needed to increase our capacity to import, store and transport gas efficiently. A regulatory environment that enables the development of timely and appropriately sited infrastructure projects is vital. The need for increased gas supply infrastructure, and a regulatory environment to allow such infrastructure to be delivered to the market in a timely fashion, was set out by the Government in the Energy White Paper of 2003 (DTI 2005a): Our Energy Future — creating a low carbon economy. It identified four challenges, one of which was securing the reliability of energy supplies. This remains integral to an energy policy that meets the needs and expectations of all energy consumers. It was considered as part of the DTI's Energy Review (DTI 2006a) and will be addressed again in the forthcoming Energy White Paper. It is clear that any weakness in infrastructure could push up gas prices, or result in interruptions to supply, with harmful consequences for both UK industry and UK consumers.


Ultraprecision micro-structured functional surfaces on hard and brittle materials, e.g. ceramic and glass, are gaining increasing application in a range of areas such as engineering optics and semiconductor and biomedical products. However, due to their tendency of being damaged in brittle fracture in machining, it is challenging to achieve both a high surface finish and complex surface shapes. In this paper, ultraprecision machining of micro-structured functional surfaces on brittle materials by fast tool servo diamond turning is studied. A machining model has been developed to ensure ductile regime machining of the brittle material, in which the material is removed by both plastic deformation and brittle fracture, but the cracks produced are prevented from being extended into the finished surface. Based on the model, an iterative numerical method has been proposed to predict the maximum feed rate for producing crack-free micro-structured surfaces. Machining experiments on typical micro-structured functional surfaces have been carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for producing ultraprecision micro-structured functional surfaces.


A full-dimensional global potential energy surface (PES) for the KRb + KRb → K2Rb2* → K2 + Rb2 reaction is reported based on high-level ab initio calculations. The short-range part of the PES is fit with the permutationally invariant polynomial-neural network method, while the long-range parts of the PES in both the reactant and product asymptotes are represented by an asymptotically correct form. The long- and short-range parts are connected with intermediate-range parts to make them smooth. Within a statistical quantum model, this PES reproduces both the measured loss rates of ultracold KRb molecules and the K2 and Rb2 product state distributions, underscoring the important role of tunneling in ultracold chemistry. The PES also correctly predicts the lifetime of the K2Rb2* intermediate complex within the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus limit. It thus provides a reliable platform for future dynamical studies of the prototypical reaction.


The constant use of wrinkle-resistant cellulose fabrics in professional and everyday life can negatively affect the health state. This is because formaldehyde vapours, which contribute to allergies, persistent coughing, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, sleep disturbances, headaches, etc., pose a greater danger. In this study an attempt was made to achieve fabric stabilization from wrinkle resistant by formation ionic bonds of as replacement covalent bonds. And this is the main study purpose. Industrially Desized and Bleached 100 % pure cotton fabric with the weight of 110 g/m2, and the chemicals were used. Preparation of cationic glycerine, carboxymethylation of bleached fabric and application of antimicrobial finishes on the ionic cross-linked fabric was provided. Measurements were taken to determine of wrinkle recovery angle (WRA), of absorbency, of whiteness index, of flexural rigidity, of abrasion, of tensile strength. Wrinkle recovery angle was measured by standard method of AATCC 66 (option 2). AATCC Test Method 79-2000 was used to test the absorbency of fabric. The CIE whiteness index was determined using an Xrite Colour Eye 7000A spectrophotometer. Flexural Rigidity was measured through a testing cantilever method ASTM D-1388. Fabric abrasion was checked according to standard method for abrasion resistance of textile fabric ASTM 4966 on Martindale Abrasion Device M235. Mechanical strength of the fabric was measured under the standard method of ASTM D-5034. With the ionic cross-linking, the dry WRA was achieved an optimum of 118o and wet WRA up to 128o with increased fabric strength and whiteness. In addition to ionic cross-linking fabric was treated with Nano silver. Based on the results it was concluded that the fabric can be optimized first with ionic cross-link method and then it can be treated with the antimicrobial making the fabric cleaner and hygienic. This fabric treatment provides the necessary characteristics and is safe for the health of the people who use it.


1 U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, USA 2 National Museum of Natural History, MRC-116, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA 3 Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, USA 4 Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA 5 Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA 6 24 Idaho Street, Bishop, California, USA 7 Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Museo de Zoología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México 8 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA 9 Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA 10 Michigan State University Museum and Department of Integrative Biology, East Lansing, Michigan, USA 11 Science & Education, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA 12 University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. 13 Authors are members of the Committee on Classification and Nomenclature—North and Middle America, of the American Ornithological Society (formerly American Ornithologists' Union), listed alphabetically after the Chairman. *Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com


In 1909 the California State Federation of Labor (CSFL) voted to direct resources toward organizing migrant workers within a new branch of American Federation of Labor (AFL) affiliated United Laborers locals throughout the state. These locals gave form to a largely top-down attempt by the Anglo-dominated trade union to organize nonwhite unskilled laborers. This effort placed the AFL in the same organizing terrain as the expanding Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). Competition between the unions, internal conflicts within the AFL, and the structural difficulties of organizing mobile workers at temporary jobsites all contributed to the CSFL withdrawing support for the United Laborers in 1912 and all of the United Laborers locals shuttering by 1913.


ABSTRACTRecent scientific and policy initiatives have resulted in increased interest in risk to fetuses, infants, and children and consideration of how such risks should be evaluated. A useful way of addressing this issue is to use physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to compare the tissue dose that children and adults receive for a given amount of a chemical ingested or inhaled. The response in children and adults for a given tissue dose can also be compared. To aid in the development of age-specific PBPK models for experimental animals, we have collected information on physiological parameters in neonates and young animals, through 60 days of age. Our effort focused on generic physiological values, such as tissue weight (termed tissue volume in the context of PBPK modeling), intake (alveolar ventilation, food intake, water intake), and flows (blood flows to tissues, bile flow, creatinine clearance, and glomerular filtration rate). To date, parameters for Sprague-Dawley rats and mice of mu...


The idea of communicative competence is one of the most influential theoretical developments in language education as it helps redefine the objectives of second language (L2) instruction. Although most teachers acknowledge the importance of CLT, many do not genuinely practice it. This paper attempts to explore teachers' reasons or reluctance in using CLT in the classroom. The role of CLT approach in enhancing oral competencies is examined by analyzing the attitudes and beliefs of the teachers. The data is gathered using interview sessions. A range of practical activities is proposed to help language teachers integrate CLT in their lessons.


In this paper presented is research on anatomy of growth of Croatian economy in the period 1990-2013. Results of this analysis basically should be understood as a kind of growth diagnostic of Croatian economy. Conventional sources of growth analysis, which measure contribution of different factors of production, is given for growth of GDP and per capita GDP in relevant sub-periods. To get deeper understanding of results provided in this way, authors continue with analysis of sectorial side sources of growth. Further insights are provided by demand side sources of growth. Particular attention is, in that respect, devoted to analysis of net-export, capital formation and final consumption. Brief notions on institutional and other fundamental causes of growth are given as well. Policy recommendations for overcoming existing deadlock and acceleration of economic growth are only briefly discussed in concluding section of the paper.


Addendum to Aaker, David A. 1973. Management science in marketing: The state of the art. Interfaces 3 (4, April) 20.


Massive machine-type communications (mMTC) or massive Internet of things (IoT) is one of the key application scenarios of fifth generation (5G) and beyond cellular networks. Since initial access procedures of legacy systems are not suitable for massive connectivity due to increased collision probability and prohibitive overhead, it is of great interest to design an efficient grant-free access protocol. In this paper, we propose an uncoordinated access protocol for massive connectivity, which leverages a massive number of antennas at the base station (BS), which is expected to be widely deployed in cellular networks. With the proposed scheme consisting of a sparse frame structure and receiver processing based on sparse dictionary learning, a massive number of IoT devices can transmit data without any prior scheduling process. Unlike existing schemes that necessitate significant overhead for preamble signals, the overhead required for the proposed scheme is negligible, which is attractive in terms of resource utilization and transmit power consumption. Numerical results verify that the proposed scheme can be utilized to facilitate massive connectivity in realistic cellular-based IoT scenarios.


Objective To determine the association between macrocalcificatoin in thyroid nodule and thyroid carcinoma. Methods Sonogram of 169 patients of thyroid nodule with macrocalcification was retrospectively analyzed. The ultrasonographic finding was compared with pathological results after excision. Macrocalcification was divided into three types and assessed the relation between each type macrocalcification and thyroid carcinoma.Results Macrocalcification was detected in 176 nodules, 122 were malignant, and 54 were benign. Irregular macrocalcification were more common in malignant nodule (82.9%, 34/41), the malignant risk of solitary macrocalcification were lower (58.5%,31/53),and the malignant risk of curvilinear macrocalcification were between irregular macrocalcification and solitary macrocalcification (69.5%, 57/82). Conclusion Ultrasonography can play an important role in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodule macrocalcification.

Key words:
Thyroid nodule; Thyroid neoplasms; Ultrasonography; Macrocalcification


Syndactyly and polysyndactyly are one of the most common congenital anomalies of upper limb. Although there are many surgical approaches, most of them require skin graft for covering the raw surfaces. Therefore these methods involve many disadvantages such as grafted skin contracture, web recurrence, skin graft loss and long operation time, and the grafted hyperpigmented skin and donor site of skin graft, which lead to poor results aesthetically. The authors treated seven cases with a Hayashi's new method in four patients. In this method, tissue of interdigital space are regarded as forming 4 facets of a two piled cube. A dorsal rectangular flap on dorsum of interdigital web makes a new interdigital space. One side of divided digit is coverd with lateral based plantar flap and the other side of divided digit is covered with subcutaneous pedicled flap and remnant web skin. The authors could obtain natural deep interdigital space without web recurrence and scar contracture in 7 cases. Moreover this method does not require skin grafting, accordingly produces better aesthetic results without hyperpigmentation and donor site scaring. Therefore we report this operation technique, which might be used as one of the standard in surgical correction of syndactyly and polysyndactyly.


The serial parameters,resource and frequency-used development tools under Linux OS was reviewed.How to configure and control the serial ports through termios data structure and programming were also studied.Data transmitting came true via the serial port and communication protocol under the platform of Red Hat9.0 and S3C2410.The data transmitting accuracy percent was high due to the stability of Linux OS.


An adaptable relational database system comprises a database schema having relational integrity, wherein the database schema includes a plurality of entities associated with a plurality of attributes. The plurality of attributes in the database may be varied such that the database includes a first set of attributes associated with a first time and a second set of attributes associated with a second time. The second set of attributes includes at least one attribute that is not included in the first set of attributes. The relational integrity of the database is maintained as the plurality of attributes in the database is varied. In one embodiment, the relational database is displayed in rectangular/table format, including a display of the first set of attributes, the second set of attributes and data associated with the first set of attributes and the second set of attributes.


Persistent gastrocutaneous fistula (GCF) after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube removal is an uncommon complication [1]. Advances in endoscopy have enabled endoscopic closure of these defects with a multitude of modalities, including argon plasma coagulation (APC), endoscopic suturing, and over-the-scope clips (OTSCs) [2–4]. Percutaneous endoscopic suturing has recently been described for closure of GCF (▶Fig. 1, ▶Video1) [5]. We describe the case of a 24-year-old man with a history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex, who was not compliant with medical treatment. For 6 months he had experienced increasing discharge from a former PEG site (the PEG tube had been removed 10 years previously). On upper endoscopy he had a large GCF (▶Fig. 2). APC was applied to the fistula tract and surrounding tissue (▶Fig. 3). Two interrupted sutures were used to close the defect using the overstitch device (Apollo Endosurgery, Austin, Texas, USA). The was no evidence of a leak from the cutaneous side of the fistula after closure. The patient resumed a full diet and was placed on acid suppression therapy. He re-presented 2 weeks later with recurrent leakage from the GCF. On upper endoscopy, the GCF had reopened and the sutures had loosened (▶Fig. 4). APC was again applied to the GCF. Then, two E-Videos


The invention discloses aquatic plant fish granulated feed. The aquatic plant fish granulated feed is prepared from, by mass, 15-25 parts of aquatic plant powder, 15-25 parts of an aquatic plant preparation, 10-20 parts of rape seed cakes, 5-15 parts of No.4 powder, 10-20 parts of plant oil meal, 2-3 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-2 parts of salt, 1-2 parts of lysine, 2-3 parts of rapeseed oil, 1-2 parts of eggshell powder, 1-2 parts of sugar and 0.5-1 part of vitamin. The adopted raw materials are aquatic plants contaminating water and damaging the ecological environment, enzymolysis and extraction are carried out through the bioengineering technology, and the fish feed is prepared. Water pollution is prevented, the water environment is treated, the ecological environment is restored, the growth environment of fish is improved, and disoperation of some algae to a water area and the fish is reduced. The use amount of the feed is reduced and breeding cost is reduced. The fish feed contains various nutritional substances and has the function of promoting growth of fish.


known districts. One Alpine glacier may advance while its neighbours are receding; and this difference must be due to some local accident in precipitation and not to the formation of wind screens by earth-movements in the Alps. Mr. Ward's evidence seems to me conclusive that the different behaviour between the eastern and western glaciers of his district is due to a local variation in precipitation, but the explanation may be meteorological and not tectonic. His paper is very suggestive and a useful contribution to the physical geography of Yun-nan.


I agree with Jane Denton about the lack of equity in the provision of NHS fertility treatment (reflections July 20). It has long been inadequate, despite strong messages of support from successive health ministers and prime ministers from the time of the first Blair government.


The research explores why Nigerian governments policy and programmes on Universal Basic Education which provides for free, compulsory and universal basic education for every child of primary and junior secondary school age, as contained in the Universal Basic Education Act 2004 legislation which also mandates that every parent shall ensure that his/her child or ward attends and completes primaryand junior secondary school education as well as that stakeholders in education in a Local Government Area shall ensure that every parent or person who has the care and custody of a child performs the duty imposed on him/her under the Act is not yielding the desired results.The research relies on primary and secondary sources, involving personal observation, roundtable discussions, one-no-one discussion and content analysis of other people's views, government official statements and declarations associated with Universal Basic Education (UBE). The result is presented qualitatively.


The present paper argues that language learning strategies facilitate the learning of a second language and provide learners with the necessary tools to help them attain language proficiency. It aims at exploring vocabulary learning strategies and their applicability by reviewing the existing literature on the field. Additionally, it discusses the benefits of integrating explicit, vocabulary strategy-based instruction within the language syllabus, and claims that teachers should adopt the role of facilitators, provided that they receive previous instruction. Its ultimate goal is to present a lesson plan in order to illustrate the implementation of strategies within classroom tasks.


The study aims to investigate problems underlying in an old local house in Iksan, Jeollabuk-do and hence improve performance and remodel the house. Based on a survey regarding current conditions of the house and several case studies on other successful renovation projects, this study suggests new renovation concepts for the old house into a guest house. The study analyzes the current state of Iksan in which the location is faced with population decline - especially among the young - and the lack of community facilities and infrastructure, and finally the unfavorable situation in the residential environment. the case study involves four successful renovated guest house projects: three renovated old single houses in Seoul and Jeonju, and a renovated old Japanese housing complex in Kunsan. The renovating concepts for the local old house is as follows: renovating for performance improvement (i.e. lighting, ventilation, heating, plumbing, insulation, structure, and water proofing), utilizing the local house to a guest house for a growing number of tourists, adding new guest rooms, installing convenient facilities in order to provide better living environments for the visitors, and improving community and street landscapes.


This study shows how multinational corporations structure their global approach to identification and development of internal high-potential employees towards global leadership positions, and to what extent it is adapted to China. The research is based on more than 20 interviews with 14 multinational corporations across different industries. The main finding is that in most corporations, adaptations of talent management processes in China are limited, but do exist. However, at the higher leadership levels, there are virtually no adaptations of global leadership standards as of today, and most multinational corporations are striving to implement a global and universal talent management approach.


Diamond anvil cell experiments augmented by first principles calculations have found a remarkable stability of the N3− ion in Li3N to a six-fold volume reduction. A new (γ) phase is discovered above 40(±5) GPa, with an 8% volume collapse and a bandgap quadrupling at the transition determined by synchrotron x-ray diffraction and inelastic x-ray scattering. γ-Li3N (Fm3m, Li3Bi-like structure) remains stable up to 200 GPa, and calculations do not predict metallization until ∼8 TPa. The high structural stability, wide bandgap and simple electronic structure make this N3− based system analogous to lower valency compounds (MgO, NaCl, Ne), meriting its use as an internal pressure standard.


Software quality control is through the "review" and "test" of this kind of quality control activities to eliminate the fault of the software product,delivered to the user a high quality software.In this paper,based on the CMMI4 of quantitative management requirements,in a careful study of the software quality control activity classification,measurement and process,proposed the software quality control process management.The application of the process management can design quality control management system.


Objective
To compare the scalp nerve block versus local infiltration of incision for intracranial aneurysm clipping under general anesthesia.

Methods
Fifty-seven American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, scheduled for elective intracranial aneurysm clipping under general anesthesia, were divided into 3 groups (n=19 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), scalp nerve block group (group S) and local infiltration of incision group (group I). Anesthesia was induced by intravenously injecting propofol, sufentanil and cisatracurium. Bilateral supraorbital nerve (2 ml), supratrochlear nerve (2 ml), zygomaticotemporal nerve (2 ml), auriculotemporal nerve (2 ml), greater occipital nerve (3 ml), lesser occipital nerve (3 ml) and the third occipital nerve (1 ml) blocks were performed with 0.75% ropivacaine after tracheal intubation in group B. Local infiltration of incision was carried out with 0.75% ropivacaine 15 ml in group I. Anesthesia was maintained by intravenously infusing propofol and remifentanil to maintain bispectral index value at 40-60. The fluctuation range of mean arterial pressure and heart rate was not more than 20% of the baseline, and vasoactive agents were administered when necessary. Oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg was intravenously injected at 30 min before the end of surgery to perform preemptive analgesia. When visual analogue scale score>3 within 48 h after surgery, oxycodone 2 mg was intravenously injected as rescue analgesic, and administration was repeated when necessary (at an interval>15 min). The intraoperative consumption of propofol, remifentanil and vasoactive agents was recorded. Arterial blood samples were collected before anesthesia induction and at 3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after surgery for determination of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The time of the first postoperative requirement for oxycodone and consumption of oxycodone within 48 h after surgery were recorded. The development of adverse reactions such as postoperative fever, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, respiratory depression, pruritus, local anesthetic intoxication, subcutaneous hematoma, and scalp infection was also recorded.

Results
Compared with group C, the intraoperative consumption of remifentanil and requirement for nicardipine were significantly decreased, the concentration of serum IL-6 was decreased at 3 h after surgery, the concentration of serum CRP was decreased at 12 h after surgery, the concentration of serum IL-10 was increased at 12 and 24 h after surgery, the time of the first postoperative requirement for rescue analgesia was prolonged, the consumption of oxycodone was reduced, and the incidence of nausea and vomiting was decreased in group B, and the intraoperative consumption of remifentanil was significantly reduced in group I (P<0.05). Compared with group I, the intraoperative consumption of remifentanil was significantly reduced, the requirement for nicardipine was decreased, the concentration of serum IL-6 was decreased at 3 h after surgery, the concentration of serum CRP was decreased at 12 h after surgery, the concentration of serum IL-10 was increased at 12 and 24 h after surgery, the time of the first postoperative requirement for rescue analgesia was prolonged, the consumption of oxycodone was reduced, and the incidence of nausea and vomiting was decreased in group B (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Compared with local infiltration of incision, scalp nerve block is helpful in carrying out anesthetic model of low-consumption opioids and in maintaining intraoperative hemodynamics stable and is more helpful in inhibiting perioperative inflammatory and pain responses when used for the patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm clipping under general anesthesia.

Key words:
Nerve block; Scalp; Anesthesia, local; Anesthesia, general


The supercritical fluid impinging technology combined with fluidized bed (SFIT-FB) process is a novel technique to prepare microcapsules. The process was performed using ultra-fine glass beads as the core particle and paraffin the coating material. The influences of operation parameters, including the pressure and the temperature of mixing vessel and the impinging distance on the microcapsule morphology, size distribution and coating rate were investigated. The microcapsule characteristics could be controlled by adjusting the operation conditions. A number of techniques were used for the characterisation of the microcapsules. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of particle surface. A laser particle size analyzer (LPSA) was used to measure the particle size distribution, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements were conducted to determine the apparent coating rates of microcapsules. The advantages of SFIT lies in enhancing the mass transfer and heat transfer, which prevent particles agglomeration.


A full Lie analysis of a system of third-order difference equations is performed. Explicit solutions, expressed in terms of the initial values, are derived. Furthermore, we give sufficient conditions for the existence of two-periodic and four-periodic solutions in certain cases. Our results generalize and simplify some work in the literature.


reativity is our ability to look at a problem and come up with an ideal solution. It has nothing to do with the subject, the job or what we learn. In the Sri Lankan education systems creativity is nurtured but not at a suitable level. It is more suitable to mention in that way rather than mentioning creativity is not fully nurtured. Creativity should be accessible to all, since everyone is creative. It is full of optimism, hope and the joy of changing things by making the truth come true. With the arrival of digital technology, children have ever-increasing opportunities for knowledge gathering and study. It encourages students to open up their creative abilities to share and build continuous relationships through their creativity. Therefore, students actively partici-pate in the process by taking responsibilities, working with the organisation, and experimenting and developing unique proposals for solutions. This project adopts the participatory design approach which is a design methodology in which the potential users of a design participate as co-creators in the design process, as a framework to develop a digital storytelling model and reflect how students express their creativity. In this process, students' thoughts are interpreted using active participatory approaches such as illustration, photography, audio recording, writing, and drawing. This process involves creating a story based on students' creative abilities and forcing students to act and make decisions to solve their creative problems. Participants use participatory approaches to analyse and synthesise stories through creative abilities.


A switched-geometry arrangement and method for processing outputs from microphones 40.1-40.M by: receiving signals from the microphones at respective inputs; switching 41.1-41.M the signals received at the inputs between outputs; summing 42.2.1-42.M.N desired ones of the outputs and performing array processing 43 to produce a switched-geometry output signal. Operating the switches alters the configuration of microphones connected to the array processor 43, and the switching and subsequent processing may be adaptively operated in dependence on the output signal. Performing the switching in analogue circuitry and subsequent processing digitally allows lower cost, size and power consumption than fully digital processing. Most advantage is expected when a large number of microphones (say 50 or more) is connected to a much smaller number of array signal processor inputs, and especially when the analogue switches and adders are integrated into a silicon chip along with a microphone (e.g., MEMS device) array.


The paper presents a theoretical background focused on the definition of generations and perception of teamwork and communication by two chosen generations - Y (Millennials) and Z. The analysis of teamwork was subsequently carried out on the basis of a questionnaire survey conducted in 2018 on a sample of 266 respondents in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire survey was supplemented by a content analysis of the company's job adverts from 2016–2019 in a total of 667 analyzed adverts. One research hypothesis and two research questions have been set. The Pearson's Chi-square Independence Test was used to evaluate the hypotheses. Based on the data analysis, no dependence was found between the selected generations and teamwork preferences. The data implies that respondents prefer to work in teams with people they know personally. From the content analysis of the trade fair catalogs, the receding tendencies in reporting on the possibilities of teamwork in the workplaces are evident.


A. Adamson Anisotropic Point Set Surfaces 25(4) 717 T. Aila see S. Laine T. Aila see J. Lehtinen I. Albrecht see V. Blanz M. Alexa see A. Adamson K.-I. Anjyo see W. Baxter O. Arandjelovic see M.A. Johnson A. Artusi Speed-up Technique for a Local Automatic Colour Equalization Model 25(1) 5 N. A. Aspragathos see S.G. Papageorgiou S. Atlan Interactive Multiresolution Editing and Display of Large Terrains 25(2) 211 L. Atty Soft Shadow Maps: Efficient Sampling of Light Source Visibility 25(4) 725 U. Augsdorfer Tuning Subdivision by Minimising Gaussian Curvature Variation Near Extraordinary Vertices 25(3) 263


The purpose of the present work is to examine the effects of smoking on the amount of ethane expired from the human lungs and on lipid peroxidation in the human body. The amount of ethane in 1000ml of expired air was measured both in smokers and non-smokers. Results are as follows.1. The amount of expired ethane in smokers (14 subjects) at least 4 hours afther smoking was 74.60±50.43pmol and that in non-smokers (19 subjects) was 24.49±10.24pmol.2. Decreasing patterns of expired ethane after a single cigarette and those after refraining from smoking could be described by a two-compartment model in the following equation, C=Ae-at+Be-btIn this equation C is the amount of expired ethane at time t, A and B are the exponential coefficients and represent the amount of expired ethane in each component at time t=0, a and b are the exponential constants.3. The amount of expired ethane after a single cigarette was 2438pmol for smokers and 1575pmol for non-smokers. The recovery time to the pre-smoking levels was about 3 hours for smokers and 4 hours for non-smokers.4. Ethane from cigarette smoke disappeared from the lungs of smokers after refraining from smoking for 24 hours. The amount of expired ethane in smokers was more than that in non-smokers even after 24 hours, suggesting that smoking stimulated lipid peroxidation in the human body. The amount of ethane expired from the lungs of smokers was estimated to decrease to the level of non-smokers after 6 months abstinence.