The temporal link between mass extinctions and large igneous provinces is well known. Here, we examine this link by focusing on the potential climatic effects of large igneous province eruptions during several extinction crises that show the best correlation with mass volcanism: the Frasnian-Famennian (Late Devonian), Capitanian (Middle Permian), end-Permian, end-Triassic, and Toarcian (Early Jurassic) extinctions. It is clear that there is no direct correlation between total volume of lava and extinction magnitude because there is always suffi cient recovery time between individual eruptions to negate any cumulative effect of successive fl ood basalt eruptions. Instead, the environmental and climatic damage must be attributed to singlepulse gas effusions. It is notable that the best-constrained examples of death-byvolcanism record the main extinction pulse at the onset of (often explosive) volcanism (e.g., the Capitanian, end-Permian, and end-Triassic examples), suggesting that the rapid injection of vast quantities of volcanic gas (CO 2 and SO 2 ) is the trigger for a truly major biotic catastrophe. Warming and marine anoxia feature in many extinction scenarios, indicating that the ability of a large igneous province to induce these proximal killers (from CO 2 emissions and thermogenic greenhouse gases) is the single most important factor governing its lethality. Intriguingly, many voluminous large igneous province eruptions, especially those of the Cretaceous oceanic plateaus, are not associated with signifi cant extinction losses. This suggests that the link between the two phenomena may be controlled by a range of factors, including continental confi guration, the latitude, volume, rate, and duration of eruption, its style and setting (continental vs. oceanic), the preexisting climate state, and the resilience of the extant biota to change.


The OEM business of LCD TV actually belongs to a manufacturing mode with a lot of ability required and difficulty to be encountered. In order to understand such a manufacturing mode and the consideration of customer selection and to research the manufacturing advantage in the field of LCD TV OEM, There are 4 individual cases as the base of the research in this report at the view pointers of scope strategy of LCD TV venders. through the collection and the analysis on the relative product fields , the information and documents about these 4 individual cases to explain the comparison of the affection of customer selection , the creation of competitive advantages and the source of differentiations among the companies. The methodology of business scope, core resources and corporation network mentioned in "The nature of the strategy" written by scholar Wu Su Hwa is referred in this research. By applying the theory of the resource of competitive advantage the intensity and the resource of competitive advantage at the 4 individual were analyzed. By applying the theory of the base resource the ability of resources and the execution of manufacturing strategy were analyzed and understood as well. Through the analysis of value chain and the method of value creation activity over each of companies the source of competitive advantage is explained and recognized. With the research and the analysis over the 4 companies it is discovered that the companies running the LCD TV OEM should consider the selection of customers deliberately and should consider the position where the company is and should expand the advantage of the area of geometrical locations. Regarding the scope of value activity the vertical integration and the policy of cooperation with partners should be enhanced. Finally according to the research result the recommendations to the 4 companies are as following The manipulation of corporation resources should be enhanced. The strategy of profit acquisition should be adopted. The differentiation and the cost competition advantage should be created.


Chronic hepatitis B is a common and frequently encountered disease in our country, the final outcome of which develops into liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. It was the aim of this study to provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of liver cirrhosis. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) is used to analyze endogenous bioactive substance change in healthy controls and patients with liver cirrhotic ascites. A metabolic fingerprint spectrum was established for the analysis. The results show that metabolic profiling of the serum indicates significant differences between the controls and the patients. Except for the tyrosine content which was decreased in the serum, the other 12 amino acids and 8 conjugated bile acids were significantly increased compared to controls (p < 0.01). Additionally, the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) of serum were significantly decreased in the patients with liver cirrhotic ascites. In conclusion, the lysophosphatidylcholines C18:0, C18:2 and C16:1 are potential biomarkers. Moreover, the bile acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and 5-HT as well as 5-HIAA metabolites are significantly changed in patients with cirrhotic ascites. These endogenous metabolites are potential biomarkers used for the diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.


: Social media users in Indonesia are increasing rapidly. This condition will have a bad impact if they have a low level of digital literacy. Digital literacy in this study is taken from Livingstone concept, that is how audiences have an access to the information, how they analyze and evaluate the information, and also how they have a skill to produce the message. The research question is, how is the condition of digital literacy in Indonesia. The purpose of the research is to find out the policies and roles of the Indonesian government in realizing digital literacy. This research was conducted using qualitative research methods. Data collected by in-depth interview technique. The informants in this study came from the government of Indonesia, especially fromThe Ministry of Communication and Information and The Public Relations of Indonesian National Police, social media specialists, political influencers, and social media researchers. The study was conducted ahead of the 2019 Indonesia General Elections, from April 2018 to March 2019. Data is processed by classifying or categorizing it based on several themes that are in accordance with the focus of the research. The results showed that social media users in Indonesia have inadequate digital literacy capabilities and therefore they are easily targeted by hoaxes, including political hoaxes. A few months before the 2019 elections, political hoaxes spread rapidly. The hoax category indicates that social media users are in the opposite position between the pros and cons of the government. The results showed that compared to the government, civil society had more efforts to realize digital literacy. Meanwhile, the government tends to use a curative approach, by blocking hoax sites or hoax account. The government also processes many hoaxes producers and spreaders in to court and sent them in to jail.


In order to solve the problems of complicated wiring and inconvenient operation existing in traditional pressure sensor, based on the surface acoustic wave (SAW) theory, a wireless passive pressure sensor with hollow cylinder sealing beam structure is designed in this paper. The sensor is resistant to electromagnetic interference, and the temperature compensation is adopted to obtain the strain that the pressure causes exactly. In addition, the mechanical properties analysis and finite element simulation analysis about the structure is done to verify its effectiveness in this paper. Based on the principle of SAW, this sensor can form a complete sense of passive wireless sensor system. Compared to traditional pressure sensor, the sensor designed in this paper has a high accuracy and application flexibility.


Radiation related retinopathy (RRP) is a progressive occlusive vascular disease leading to secondary retinal ischaemia. Typical clinical signs are microaneurysms, teleangiectatic vessels, cotton-wool areas, cystoid macular edema, hard exudates, occlusion of capillaries, hemorrhages, areas of ischemia, neovascularization, and potentially a serve deterioration of visual acuity [1]. The risk of radiation retinopathy is clearly related to radiation dose, fraction dose, preexisting vascular diseases and concomitant chemotherapy [2–4]. In the majority of cases RRP develops between 6 months and 3 years after radiation, but late manifestations with a delay of up to 20 years have been reported [2,5]. In the case reported here, radiation related retinopathy was observed 6 years after whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) applying standard parameters of radiation which are generally regarded as safe.


Representation, presentation and interaction are subjects that require to be consciously contemplated while designing information visualization systems. This paper describes the ideation and design process of The Monarch Room, an information visualization system of global migration data. Our solution was designed to allow visitors of a museum to select, browse and interact with a visual interactive representation of migration flows in a unified view. Visitors can convey their learning purposes by seamlessly combining criteria such as time scales, location, and reasons behind migration, from either manual our automatic interactions. We believe our work contributes to the design of interfaces that enable a more in-depth understanding of global human migration patterns. In this paper, we describe our first design and research efforts.


The utility model belongs to lifting frame technical field, in particular to a lifting frame which can be used in the furniture (such as tea table and chair) and can realize the height adjustment of furniture. The utility model comprises a base, an upper base and a telescopic supporter which is connected with the base and the upper base. A plurality of connection arms of the telescopic supporter is crossing articulated to form at least one movable quadrangle. The teeth which can be meshing mutually are constructed at the lower ends of the two lower connection arms of the lowest quadrangle. The lower ends of the two lower connection arms are both articulated with the base and the lower end of one lower connection arm therein is also provided with a height location groove. The pawl which cooperates with the height location groove is articulated with the base. The selector lever which is used to release the latches between the pawl and the height location groove is articulated with the lower end of the same lower connection arm. The utility model is simple in structure, convenient in use, and the furniture of adjustable height can be manufactured based on the structure to meet different using height needs, which can improve the practicality of the furniture.


A cross-layer scheduling mechanism with opportunistic consideration is proposed for the multi-service cooperative transmission networks, in which the multiple idle nodes act as relays to facilitate the active link communication. In the proposed scheme, the scheduler in the MAC layer of the access point not only exploits the multi-user diversity based on the channel condition feedback from each node, but also considers the priority of various services and the fairness of the individual links. The simulation results explicitly verify our expectation that the proposed scheme can meet the diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of the different types of services without compromising the overall network efficiency and fairness.


Lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia is of great prevalence among ageing males, and it can markedly affect patients′ quality of life.Personalized drug therapy according to genetic characteristics is the ideal choice for this problem.Here we summarized the latest research findings on the associations of gene polymorphisms with drug efficacy and adverse reaction in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia/urinary tract symptoms.

Key words:
Prostatic hyperplasia; Drug Therapy; Individualized medicine


This program began in January 1972 as Project IU-4-14 with American Gas Association (A.G.A.) support, and it has been a long-range, laboratory-scale effort. The task work of this program dealt with identifying and characterizing multistep sequences of thermochemical and electrochemical reactions for splitting water into its component elements, hydrogen and oxygen. The objective was to determine if closed-loop sequences of chemical reactions (cycles) could be made operable at laboratory scale and with operating conditions that indicated: high energy efficiency, reasonable temperature and voltage requirements relative to energy sources, ability to produce hydrogen at elevated pressure, a degree of corrosivity that would be compatible with existing of foreseeable materials of construction, and use of chemical intermediates that are not rare or expensive.


Riboflavin carrier (or binding) protein (RCP) was isolated from the Emu egg yolk (Dromaius novaehollandia) for the first time. In the present study an attempt has been made to isolate and purify the RCP in two steps, DEAE Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography and the final purification was achieved on sephadex G-100.The purity of the protein was judged on cylindrical and slab gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE technique. Sephadex G100 re-chromatographic fraction RCP moved as a single band both on the slab and cylindrical gels. Comparison of the mobility of the RCP isolated from Emu egg yolk with that of the standards molecular weight marker proteins revealed that the molecular weight of the protein is higher than 29 kDa.


The aim of the article is to show the role of syntactic negation ne pas in the construction of Russia's social meaning in the French press discourse. The analysis allowed to distinguish three most common uses of negation: negation related to relational predicates, the effect of which is the remodeling of social meaning; negation in attributive sentences with a proper name as predicate, leading to indirect characterization of the referent; and negation of scalar predicates, which at first glance has an attenuation value, and simultaneously masks the features of the referent.


The current study assessed the relationship between conversational ability and children's acceptance of post-event misleading information. Twenty-five children (Mage=64.20 months, SD= 4.23 months) participated in this three-phase study, developed to align with Loftus' (1975) original suggestibility paradigm. In Phase 1 (Day 1), the children were read a storybook and then in Phase 2 (that afternoon), were introduced to misleading information through a post-event questionnaire. In the third phase of the study (Day 7), children were assessed on their ability to accurately recall information from the storybook. In addition, children completed a conversational maxim task to determine their overall conversational ability. The conversational maxim task assessed children's ability to detect violations of the four Gricean conversational maxims: quality, quantity, manner, and relation. Age was found to significantly correlate with conversational ability, r=.52, p=.009. However, conversational ability was not found to relate to overall levels of suggestibility. This study has important implications for understanding the language conditions under which children may be able to provide reliable testimonies within current legal settings.


Webster timing method is adopted to minimize per vehicle delay based on investigation of traffic flow and current signal timing of intersections.Cycle time and green light time are determined by analyzing road capacity and traffic flow ratio,so as to improve phase saturation and make full use of the capacity of roads.The intersection of Jianshe road and Xinhua road as an example,simulation for signal timing is implemented based on the VISSIM software,and results are compared before and after optimization.It shows that phase saturation is more balanced without extreme cases of very high or very low and the average value of vehicle delay is decreased after optimization.


The Capricorn Orogen in central Western Australia records the Palaeoproterozoic collision of the Archaean Pilbara and Yilgarn Cratons. Until recently only one orogenic event was thought to be the cause of this collision, the 1830–1780 Ma Capricorn Orogeny. However, recent work has uncovered an older event, the Glenburgh Orogeny that occurred between 2000 and 1960 Ma. The Glenburgh Orogeny reflects the collision of a late Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic microcontinent (the Glenburgh Terrane) with the Archaean Yilgarn Craton and is therefore tectonically distinct as well as significantly older than the widespread 1900–1800 Ma tectonothermal events recorded in northern Australia. The Glenburgh Terrane preserves a different history from either the Yilgarn or Pilbara Cratons. Granitic gneiss protoliths dated at ca. 2550 Ma were intruded by widespread granite magmatism dated at 2005–1970 Ma, accompanied by high-grade metamorphism and deformation throughout the terrane. At ca. 1960 Ma silicic granite of the Bertibubba Supersuite intruded the northern margin of the Yilgarn Craton along the Errabiddy Shear Zone, a crustal-scale shear zone that today marks the contact of the Glenburgh Terrane and Yilgarn Craton. At ca. 1950 Ma silicic dykes intruded the southernmost part of the Glenburgh Terrane, marking the end of the Glenburgh Orogeny. East of the Glenburgh Terrane the Glenburgh Orogeny resulted in the cessation of mafic volcanism in the Bryah Basin, and the basin's eventual closure. Siliciclastic, carbonate and chemical sedimentary rocks were deposited in the Padbury Basin that formed a retro-arc foreland basin on top of the Bryah Basin, and probably records the later stages of the Glenburgh Orogeny collision. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


To embody the concept of sustainability in environmental management and development planning has latterly become recognized internationally as a priority for the future. Governments in many countries have consequently dedicated substantial funds to the task of defining planning and management strategies that are sustainable. Somewhat surprisingly, however, there has been very little attention given so far to establishing appropriate frameworks within which to evaluate the implications of planning and policy alternatives for sustainability. One of the most important questions to be addressed in evaluation exercises relates to the conflicts among different systems – economic, social, and biophysical – that may be realized in pursuing development options that may be sustainable. It is also important to establish whether the pursuit of sustainability may compromise the capability to fulfil other important societal goals and objectives. If the potential for these various conflicts can be discerned, then it may also be possible to identify development strategies that minimize conflict, while simultaneously achieving sustainability.


In order to study the effect of water content, degree of compaction and stress state on bearing capacity of subgrade, the engineering compacted clayey soil was taken as the subject investigated, regulation of compressive strength changing with water content, degree of compaction and confining pressure were analyzed through triaxial compression test, and function relationships between compressive strength and water content, degree of compaction and stress state were fitted based on the test data. Results show that effects of water content, degree of compaction and confining pressure on compressive strength properties of subgrade compacted clayey soil are all remarkably. The compressive strength decreases according to a quadratic function with the increase of water content, as well as increases in accordance with a quadratic function with the increase of the degree of compaction, and increases linearly with the increase of confining pressure. Improving the construction compaction standard properly, adopting the essential lateral confinement measure and keeping a lower water content of the subgrade in service can improve the bearing capacity and stability of the highway subgrade.


The present invention discloses an addition-type silicone rubber nano-fluoro antifreeze adhesive coating and a preparation method belongs to the field of organic fluorosilicone polymer material. Overcome in the prior art high temperature curing of the coating, poor anti-icing problem, an addition molded fluorosilicone rubber nano antifreeze stick coating, the component A and component B, component parts by mass; Component A is: vinyl terminated polysiloxane: 100; vinyl terminated trifluoropropyl polysiloxane: 30-50; nanoparticles: 20-30; solvent: 20-30; component B: end hydrogen silicone oil: 9-12; end hydrofluoric silicone: 9-10; solvent: 20-30; Karstedt catalyst: 0.0074-0.012; defoamer: 0.05; dispersant: 1-2. Preparation process steps: 1) parts by mass to obtain uniform mixing components A, then milling; parts by mass of component B to give a uniform mixture; 2) The A, B component after mixed uniformly applied to the previously coated with a silane primer the surface coating agent, then cured at room temperature, good anti-icing effect of the present invention.


Among the sub-categories of assessment types, alternative assessment including peer-assessment helps students develop metacognition. The reliability and validity issues are the most significant problem in peer-assessment. Furthermore, the studies focusing on rater bias in peer review are limited. This study investigated the rater severity drift, which is one of the rater effects, in peer-assessment. The performance of 8 oral presentations based on group work in Science and Technology course was scored by 7th grade students (N=28) by using the rubric that researchers developed. The presentations lasted for four days with two presentations in each day. While examining the time-dependent drift in rater severity in peer-assessment, the many-Facet Rasch Measurement model was used. Two indexes (interaction term and standardized differences) were calculated with many-Facet Rasch Measurement with an aim to determine whether the raters made rater severity drift on a group or an individual basis. The analysis examined the variance of scores in following days in comparison with the scores of the 1st day. Accordingly, the two methods used to determine rater severity shift gave similar results, and some raters at the individual level tended to be more strict or lenient over time although there was no significant rater drift at the group level, showing that drifts had no specific models.


A criterion to describe the turn-to-turn discharge of the secondary winding in Tesla transformers is presented. Factors which have influences on the turn-to-turn insulation of the winding such as the wire diameter, the wire distance, the void size, the purity of transformer oil and the insulation strength of the wire are researched based on this criterion. By theoretical calculation, the electric field enhancement factor (FEF) dependent on the wire diameter and the wire distance is presented. It is found that an optimum ratio of the wire diameter to the wire distance exists which corresponds to the minimum FEF. Via the Paschen's Curve, the electric breakdown strength (Eb) for voids with different sizes is deduced, and it is found that the existence of voids makes the discharge occur more easily due to void's lower Eb but if the size of a void is smaller than a certain value, it cannot affect the winding's turn-to-turn insulation. Through experiments, Eb of the traditional enamel wire and that of the three-layered insulation (TLI) wire are compared. The results show that Eb of the three-layered wire is basically two times of that of an enamel wire. Based on the results, suggestions to improve the insulation of the secondary winding in Tesla transformers are summarized.


ABSTRACT Cucurbit[10]uril (CB[10]) is found to form stable host-guest complexes with tetracationic cyclophanes in H2O and DMSO. Upon encapsulation in CB[10], the affinity of cyclophanes towards anions is weakened, due to electronegative carbonyl oxygens on CB[10] providing charge repulsion environment, and encapsulation fixing the conformation of cyclophanes. Interestingly, these complexes show positively cooperative effects towards neutral phenol guests to form heteroternary complexes. The driving force for the formation of heteroternary inclusion complexes is multiple hydrogen bonding interactions confirmed by X-ray single crystal analysis, as well as hydrophobic effects. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


A facile synthesis is described in which the compounds N(SPPh2)(CH3SPPh2), N(SePPh2)(CH3SePPh2), N(SPPh2)(CH3SePPh2), N(SePPh2)(NCCH2SePPh2), and N(SPPh2)(NCCH2SePPh2) have been obtained in good yield by alkylation of [N(QPPh2)2] (Q S or Se) or [N(SPPh2)(SePPh2)] with CH3I or ClCH2CN in CH3OH at room temperature. These compounds have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffrac-


Abstract: A single origin and single destination highway traffic network with multiple routes and sections is considered. For dynamic routing of traffic, accurate measurement of traffic densities is needed, which requires the placement of many sensors, one for each section, which can be a costly solution. In this work, a simpler solution is presented based on a single sensor placed at the destination node and the use of a state dependent Riccati equation filter for estimation of traffic densities in each section of every route. Two sets of simulations are provided for illustration. In addition, a comparative robustness study with extended Kalman filter involving performance under different noise level is included. Copyright © 2002 IFAC


The invention discloses a method for aqueous-phase synthesizing cyan-substituted styrene compounds. The cyan-substituted styrene compounds are synthesized by taking water as a solvent and taking benzyl cyanide and aromatic aldehyde as materials through noevenagel condensation reaction, wherein the aromatic aldehyde is selected from formula shown in the specification. According to the invention, the reaction is carried out at a room temperature; relative to other high-temperature reactions in the prior art, not only is yield improved, but also energy resources are saved, and therefore, the method is beneficial to low-carbon harmless green engineering. White spherical precipitates are generated after reaction and dehydration, and the white spherical precipitates are washed in water to neutral, and dried to obtain a target product; and besides, the method is simple in synthetic steps, easy for treatment and high in yield.


Background/Objectives: To propose a new improved multistage multi directional median filtering algorithm for impulse noise removal. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Calculate standard deviation of the 5 pixels in each direction giving extra weight to the direction in which the standard deviation is smallest, the weighted median is computed and the noisy pixel is replaced with this median value then move window throughout the image and iterate the process. Findings: The experimental results show that the proposed filter can provide excellent performance of suppressing impulse noise in all situations. Improvement/Application: The paper offers a new improved multistage eight directional median filtering algorithm for impulse noise removal from digital images.


This paper introduces the working principle and main function parts of the digital control machine tool servosystem using digital pulse comparator.


The plume, which is created from the cooling towers, is the water vapor generated by the heat exchange between the industrial water and the outside air. And as the temperature lowers, the air contains lesser amount of vapor, as a result, the plume becomes more visible. Majority ordinary people however, have negative impression on the plume and consider it as the pollutant because plume come from the factories or power plants . Likewise, the importance of developing an effective plume reduction apparatus is increasing and many researches have been conducting the studies. The Effective reduction of plume is being studied continuously and currently, the most widely used plume reduction method is a series heating method using a fin-coil. However, there are problems such as big volume, high cost, corrosion, in-pipe scale, and the like. To solve this problem, a parallel heating type cooling tower equipped with a plastic air heater has been emerging as a solution and in this research, an experimental study has been demonstrated through attaching a damper to the cooling tower inlet, which improves performance of the cooling tower.


Hydrological predictions in the UK are strongly influenced by both rainfall and antecedent soil conditions. The Flood Forecasting Centre (FFC) and Scottish Flood Forecasting Service (SFFS) operationally issue flood alerts and warnings, however these typically apply only days to weeks ahead. There was a desire to produce a more long-term (seasonal) forecast of the water situation for flooding and drought periods similar to that produced in countries such as the USA and Australia. The Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH) along with a number of partners have developed a long-range hydrological forecast for the UK. The Hydrological Outlook UK (www.hydoutuk.net) is the first operational forecast system for the UK that delivers monthly outlooks of the water situation for both river flow and groundwater levels. It brings together information on current and forecast weather conditions, soil moisture, river flows and groundwater levels, and uses a number of modelling approaches to explore possible future hydrological conditions. It is based on merging three complementary methods: (i) a statistical method based on river flow analogues and persistence, (ii) a Streamflow Ensemble Prediction System applied to selected catchments and boreholes; and (iii) a national hydrological forecast driven by an ensemble of 1 and 3 month-ahead rainfall forecasts from the UK Met Office's GloSea5 model. Here we focus on the national scale hydrological forecasts, showing an example of the seasonal river flow forecasts and how they contribute to the Hydrological Outlooks UK monthly summary. The output from the different modelling methods and the summary are publicly available and used each month by government agencies, practitioners and academics alongside other sources of information such as flood warnings, meteorological forecasts and water situation reports.


The optical properties of a series of AlxGa1−xSb ternaries (0.00 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.39) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb(100) substrates have been determined. Vibrational properties were investigated by Raman scattering measurements at room temperature. "GaSb‐like" and "AlSb‐like" phonon frequencies were measured as a function of alloy composition. Room temperature pseudodielectric functions, 〈e(ω)〉=〈e1(ω)〉+i〈e2(ω)〉 were obtained by spectroscopic ellipsometry from 1.5 to 4.5 eV. Clear composition‐dependence of the E1, E1+Δ1, E0′, and E2 critical point energies on composition was observed.The optical properties of a series of AlxGa1−xSb ternaries (0.00 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.39) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb(100) substrates have been determined. Vibrational properties were investigated by Raman scattering measurements at room temperature. "GaSb‐like" and "AlSb‐like" phonon frequencies were measured as a function of alloy composition. Room temperature pseudodielectric functions, 〈e(ω)〉=〈e1(ω)〉+i〈e2(ω)〉 were obtained by spectroscopic ellipsometry from 1.5 to 4.5 eV. Clear composition‐dependence of the E1, E1+Δ1, E0′, and E2 critical point energies on composition was observed.


In the last decade, there have been significant advances in our understanding of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Recent prospective cohort studies have identified risk factors for ACL reconstruction graft failure such as younger patient age, increased activity level, nonanatomic tunnel placement, and the use of allograft. Among these, the most easily modifiable risk factor is graft choice. Given that the surgeon's recommendation has been shown to be one of the most important factors behind patients' graft choice, it is critical that the operating surgeon have a thorough understanding of all the ACL graft options available to choose the graft that would be most suitable for the patient's personalized reconstruction (i.e., patient's anatomy, sport, level of competition, age, risk factors for failure, and graft used in previous ACL surgery). The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date understanding of the current ACL graft reconstruction options. The indications, advantages, and disadvantages of the different ACL reconstruction graft options available will be discussed.


As illustrated in castrated and eunuchoid men, tanning of the human skin is abetted by the presence and negated by the absence of effective levels of male hormone substances in the body tissues and fluids. 1 Pending completion of analyses of urinary hormone titers and spectrophotometric study of skin pigmentation, the present report will serve to indicate that both the tanning process and its dependence on hormones for photograph-like "development" are (a) somewhat similar in women to those described for men, (b) capable of induction in women by male hormone substance, and (c) influenced by female as well as by male hormones. Observations were made of the skin color of 5 women who received estrogenic or androgenic hormone substance. All complained of attacks of hot flushes and, with variation from individual to individual, some degree of additional malaise. Two of the women were considered to have reached the menopause and had not menstruated for the past 6 months. Two others had undergone bilateral ovariectomy, and the fifth had a hysterectomy done late in the third decade. Three of the women received intramuscular injections of estrone† from 2 to 3 times weekly, a total of 14,000, 20,000, and 25,000 I. U., respectively, being administered over a period of one month in doses varied according to the degree of control over the hot flushes. The other 2 women were given testosterone propionate† by Doctor Edward Cravener as a possible treatment of arthritic conditions which had failed to respond to the customary therapeutic measures. The dose was 20 mg of testosterone propionate in 1 cc of peanut oil given intramuscularly from 1 to 3 times weekly for 3 weeks.


The development of complex systems such as today's Systemon-Chips (SoCs) under tight time-to-market constraints is an extremely challenging task. To cope with the rapidly increasing complexity, the level of abstraction has been raised beyond RTL to the so-called Electronic System Level (ESL). In typical ESL design flows, the design is started from the textual specification. Then the golden model is built using abstract ESL languages such as SystemC. This model is used by several teams focusing on different aspects, like performance analysis and early software development. At the same time the refinement process starts and IP components are integrated. Finally, an RTL model is built for the hardware part of the system. However, in practice the design process is not an ideal incremental top-down design process. Therefore, bugs can be found during the different refinement steps. Hence, it is important to have the respective models in sync. In this paper we consider debugging approaches at different levels of abstractions and show how to relate the debugging results across the abstraction levels. Following this methodology, the productivity of the whole design process is accelerated because each team always works on the latest correct design.


The metabolic effects of 60-min exposure to 250–2000 mg γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) per kilogram or 150–1200 mg γ-butyrolactone (GBL) per kilogram were studied in rats by measurement of the cerebral hemisphere contents of energy phosphates and glycolytic – Krebs' cycle metabolites. A general pattern of increased glycogen and glucose with decreased pyruvate, lactate, α-ketoglutarate, and malate was observed. This pattern in association with unchanged adenylates and decreased energy phosphate utilization was consistent with a metabolic adaptation to a state of cerebral depression.The major qualitative difference between the two drugs was that higher doses of GBL were associated with additional decreases of citrate and glutamate. Since these doses of GBL were also associated with acute increases of arterial CO2 tension, it is proposed that these differences were secondary to hypercapnia and not due to a distinctive primary action of GBL.Derivations of the cytoplasmic NAD(P)H:NAD(P)+ ratios indicated that GHB and...


This paper presents an experimental environment used in automatic generation of terrain models. The instrument supports multiple user access (navigators), allows comunication between them, dynamic modelling activities, and supports a user configurable interface. The initial implementation of this environment runs on a network of Windows stations, and we prepare a Unix version too.


Extending US samples, this paper re-examines the classic consumption-based capital asset pricing model (CCAPM) by the generalized method of moments (GMM). Our re-exploration using US three industry returns and different price deflators supplies the following evidence. First, 1) regarding the CCAPM using the US consumption for nondurable goods and the deflator of total personal consumption expenditures (PCEs), the discount rate and risk aversion parameters show plausible values; and according to the J-tests, our above first CCAPM is generally supported. Second, 2) as for the CCAPM with the US consumption for nondurable goods and services and the deflator of total PCEs, both discount rate and risk aversion parameters generally exhibit plausible values and our J-tests show that our above second CCAPM is highly supported. Third, 3) as for the CCAPM using the US consumption for nondurable goods and the deflator of the PCEs for nondurable goods, both parameters of the discount rate and risk aversion are highly stable and our J-tests indicate that our above third CCAPM is highly supported. Finally, 4) as regards the CCAPM using the US consumption for nondurable goods and services and the calculated implicit deflator of the PCEs for nondurable goods and services, the parameters of the discount rate generally exhibit plausible values, while the risk aversion parameters are not so stable. However, according to the J-tests, our above fourth CCAPM is also highly supported.


Summary

It is shown that palaeomagnetic errors owing to anisotropy can be expressed in terms of Fisher'sstatistics and so can be directly applied to the estimation of errors in directions and poles. The high coercive force components (those that are palaeomagnetically useful) in visibly foliated gneissic rocks are deflected from the ambient field by about 5° compared with 1° in essentially isotropic diabase. The deflections show no systematic relationship to the foliation, and anisotropy merely introduces a small component of random noise. This result is typical of many from metamorphic rocks, and there seems to be no technical impediment to using a wide range of metamorphic rocks for the accurate determination of palaeomagnetic poles.


An in vitro assay for macrophage cytophilic antibody is described, based on the measurement of the adherence of 125I-labelled antigen to peritoneal exudate cells pretreated with antiserum. Using this assay, the production of cytophilic antibody to SRBC, BSA, polymerized flagellin, flagellin and a CNBr digest of flagellin was investigated in guinea-pigs, rats, rabbits and mice. Antigens injected in either Freund's complete or incomplete adjuvant were almost equally efficient at inducing cytophilic antibody production. In contrast, antigens injected in saline failed to induce detectable cytophilic antibody. The ratio of cytophilic antibody titre/passive haemagglutinating antibody titre was calculated and it was found that the ratio for rabbit>guinea-pig>mouse>rat. Furthermore, in those sera which were examined, cytophilic antibody was only detected in the 7S fractions.


Antiperspirant stick compositions made from a solidifying agent which may include a gellant such as n-acyl amino acid amides, 12-hydroxystearic acid, esters of 12-hydroxystearic acid, amides of 12-hydroxystearic acid, and mixtures thereof; or a wax; a liquid base material including a non-volatile, non-polar emollient oil; an antiperspirant active; and a wash-off agent made of selected polyoxyethylene ethers; polyoxyethylene esters and diesters; and polyoxyethylene glyceryl esters and diesters. Such antiperspirant stick compositions exhibit improved wash-off performance, particularly with regard to the solidifying agent and the non-polar, non-volatile oils. These compositions are easily prepared by conventional techniques.


Most current audio-visual automatic speech recognition (AV- ASR) systems use static weights to leverage between audio and visual information during information fusion. State of the art research has led to using audio reliability metrics for dynamically changing the fusion weights in order to successfully improve overall recognition results. So far, however, incorporating visual reliability metrics into these audio reliability metric based systems have not significantly improved performance. We introduce a new approach to this problem by inferring the "consistency" between the audio and visual information and leveraging the existing audio reliability metrics to create a video reliability metric. Our approach is formulated in the extracted feature space and, thus, does not rely on analyzing the actual video signal itself. The framework presented in this work competes with the audio-only reliability metric based systems and shows promise to consistently outperform.


Objectives To explore the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan and the trends of its eradication therapy before and after the changes of the insurance coverage policy, first started in 2000, and expanded to cover H. pylori-positive gastritis in 2013. The impacts that the changes brought were estimated. Methods In this retrospective observational study and simulation study based on health insurance claims data, product sales data and relevant studies, individuals who received triple therapy (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, proton-pump inhibitors or potassium-competitive acid blockers) were defined as the first-time patients for H. pylori eradication in two Japanese health insurance claims databases (from approximately 1.6 million and 10.5 million individuals). Each sales data of eradication packages and examination kits were used to estimate the number of H. pylori-eradicated individuals nationwide. The prevalence of H. pylori infection, including the future rate, was predicted using previous studies and the estimated population trend by a national institute. Cases completed prior to the policy change on insurance coverage were simulated to estimate what would have happened had there been no change in


The detection and identification of platelet-specific antibodies are clinically important for diagnosing and treating refractoriness to platelets transfused or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to platelet-specific antibodies. The serologic test of platelet-specific antibodies requires the platelet antigen panels.Storage duration of platelet antigen panels has been limited to at most for 2 months. Although Shibata and Kim developed prolonged storage antigen panels for the MPHA (mixed passive haemagglutination) test using a U-type microplate coated with platelet soluble antigen, results are still influenced by presence of HLA Class I antigens.The MPHA test was used to assess whether or not the removal of platelet surface HLA Class I antigens were possible by chloroquine treatment on microplate coated with platelet soluble antigen. The removal of HLA Class I antigens was possible by the 0.8M chloroquine treatment method. Platelet-specific antigens (HPA-1a, HPA-3a, HPA-4a, HPA-4b, Naka) were present, while HLA Class I antigens were removed on chloroquine treated platelet soluble antigens.


The extent of the problem can also be illustrated by the respective regional soil pH profiles ( Figure 6 ). About 75% of surface (0-10cm) soil sample are below pH (CaCl2) 5.5 in Western Australia with about 70% in New South Wales and about 30% in Victoria. In both Western Australia and New South Wales about 30% of surface soils tested are below pH (CaCl2) 4.8, with 45% of 10-20cm and 20-30cm samples in Western Australia below pH (CaCl2) 4.8.

Purity and sizing of the agricultural limestone are the key factors influencing liming efficiency. Available neutralising value and calcium level are important and some magnesium is beneficial in the agricultural limestone. Smaller agricultural limestone particles will react more quickly than larger particles which may provide pH control (buffering capacity) over a longer period of time. The biggest pH change will occur within 3-4 months and the pH may continue to increase for 6-12 months ( Figure 10 ).

The increasing need for agricultural limestone as well as the rise of limestone quarry production throughout Western Australia and inevitably the rest of southern Australia implies that the Australian agricultural limestone industry could potentially grow by 50% or an additional 1.7m tpa (1.5m tonnes at 100% CaCO3) in the near future.


Social – cultural transformations are the changes of element, structure and social and cultural value by political and economic factors. This is common development rule of any ethnic group. Currently, the traditional social – cultural life of Co Tu ethnic group in Quang Nam Province has been gradually changed due to different factors. This study applied, ethnographic fieldwork, interdisciplinary method to clarify Phân hiệu Trường Đại học Nội vụ Hà Nội tại tỉnh Quảng Nam Ngày nhận bài: 19/9/2019; Ngày nhận kết quả bình duyệt: 22/11/2019; Ngày chấp nhận đăng: 25/3/2020 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Campus of Ha Noi University of Home Affairs in Quang Nam Province Received date: 19 September 2019; Revised date: 22 November 2019; Accepted date: 25 March 2020 the transformations in the social – cultural life of Co Tu ethnic group in Quang Nam Province through costumes, residence and housing, folk art and social organization.


This paper researches the influence of risk correlation on systemic risks,the design and quantization of risk correlation indicators,introduces the indicators into risk measurement system.Based on the data of Chinese commercial banks during 1996-2013,the paper uses principal component analysis to measure systemic risks.The results of the paper show that,compared to a single variable,cross-variables have more correlation with other risk indicators;if risk correlation is ignored,bank systemic risks will be overestimated in the case of banking sector being stable,and bank systemic risks will be underestimated in the case of banking sector risks being high;M2/GDP,credit,house price index,non-performing loan ratio,capital adequacy ratio and other indicators are important factors to impact the level of bank systemic risks;GDP rate,inflation rate,etc.have less correlation with the level of systemic risks.


This report describes the geology of the 1:10 000 Sheet SD 56 SE (Littledale)
which lies on the 1:50 000 Sheet 59 {Lancaster}. The map is available as an
uncoloured dyeline print and includes the generalised geological sequence and
details of selected sections.
The first geological survey of the area on the scale of 1:10 560 was carried
out by R H Tiddeman and J R Dakyns and published as part of the Lancashire
County Series Sheet 31 in 1880. A small part in the south-west of the area,
around Littledale, was studied in 1985 in connection with the Wyresdale Tunnel
investigation (Wilson et aL., 1989). The present survey, at the 1:10 000
scale, was carried out by A Brandon in 1989 and 1990, under the supervision
of J I Chisholm, Regional Geologist. Palaeontological collecting was carried
out by N J Riley and A Brandon and registered under the suffix letters RH,
RHR, AB and ABR. Biostratigraphical reports are in preparation.
The following is a list of BGS geological maps covering the area:
One inch to one mile scale:
Primary Series Sheet 91NE (New Series Sheet 59) Solid, published 1884;
Drift, published 1884
1:10 560 scale New Meridian County Sheets:
Lancashire 31; geology published 1880
A geological memoir summarizing the work of the primary survey was not
published though Tiddeman presented a brief account of the glaciation of the
area in 1872. The area was mapped by Moseley and the geology summarised in his
general account of the Namurian of the Lancaster Fells in 1954. He also
described some aspects of the Quaternary geology of the area {Moseley and
Walker, 1952}.
All exposed sections in the area, most of which are only indicated on the map
by a dip arrow, have been logged. All details are in field notebooks 5 and 6.
As a general rule, selected information on the more important sections is
given either on the map or in the left hand side margin. Sections listed in
the map side margin are lettered A to J. Further information is given in this account and in the Appendix. Sections in the Appendix are numbered 1 to 10 and
cross referenced to sections A to J of the map where appropriate.


THERE is no strong case for the Government to compel farmers to vaccinate their animals against bluetongue, according to DEFRA's vaccination delivery plan published on February 18. Instead, the plan states that vaccination should be viewed as an economic and welfare matter, about which individual farmers are best placed to make decisions. DEFRA's plans for emergency vaccination were outlined by the Secretary of State, Mr Hilary Benn, in a speech to the National Farmers' Union centenary conference in London. The plan has been developed in conjunction with representatives of farming and veterinary organisations, the devolved administrations and scientific experts. Its objective is to reduce the prevalence of infection through mass vaccination of at least 80 per cent of domestic species susceptible to bluetongue.


For an unbaffled agitated vessel with an unsteadily forward-reverse rotating impeller whose rotation proceeds with repeated acceleration, deceleration, and stop-reverse processes, the liquid flow in the impeller region was studied based on photographs showing path lines of tracer particles. An image series taken during one cycle of the forward-reverse rotation was analyzed to characterize the internal stream inside the impeller rotational region and the discharge stream outside its region when a disk turbine impeller with six flat blades was rotated unsteadily. Because of the unsteady flow generated inside the impeller rotational region, the velocity vector of outflow from its region fluctuated periodically with the change of the impeller rotation rate. The circumferential velocity was almost in phase with the impeller rotation rate, oscillating periodically. The radial velocity exhibited larger values in the process for the impeller from decelerating to stopping and reversal. The radial flow, whose velocity decreased downstream outside the impeller rotational region, was clarified to be transformed into upward and downward axial flows that are almost uniform in the circumferential direction throughout the region near the vessel wall.


Dynamic three-dimensional surface measurement based on line-scan cameras has been developing gradually. Line-scan cameras have the advantage of high resolution and a high line rate. In this article, a measurement system based on triple line-scan cameras is presented. The measurement model is established considering the asynchronous acquisition of the same point. The point cloud optimization algorithm helps to minimize the error caused by six-degree-of-freedom vibration. Theoretical analysis reveals that the resolution of the method is approximately 0.07 mm, and the measurement uncertainty is about 0.025 mm. Experiments demonstrated the feasibility of the method.


Based on the continuous development of Internet technology, the Internet has been fully applied in many fields. How can enterprises effectively use Internet technology to improve production efficiency, optimize the operating environment, and consolidate overall profitability? Combining the actual situation of enterprises with Internet technology has become one of the hot issues in the current society. With the increasing business volume of enterprises, the financial data generated by the data management system of enterprise financial department has become increasingly huge. At the same time, a large amount of financial data plays a vital role in the development of enterprises. In this paper, two data processing technologies, big data technology and data mining technology, are adopted to design and optimize the enterprise financial management model under the framework of Internet. It is very important and urgent to use data mining technology to realize the systematic management of enterprise finance, and it is also of practical value to study huge enterprise financial data based on data mining. In order to maintain sustainable development in the fierce market competition, enterprises must change the existing financial analysis work mode. Based on the theory of enterprise financial management under Internet information, this paper compares the factors affecting the financial management mode. Therefore, it is necessary to design the financial management model of enterprises.


We report a case of a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy with an unusual malformation of the umbilical cord discovered at 31 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound examination demonstrated clearly a single umbilical cord containing two veins and four arteries, which subsequently divided into two classic umbilical cords, each containing three vessels. Communication between the two veins via a fenestration was observed in the common


ESA's Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) was used to perform a deep survey with ISOCAM through three massive gravitationally lensing clusters of galaxies. The total area surveyed depends on source flux, with nearly seventy square arcmin- utes covered for the brighter flux levels in maps centred on the three clusters Abell 370, Abell 2218 and Abell 2390. We present maps and photometry at 6.7m (hereafter 7m) and 14.3m (hereafter 15m), showing a total of 145 mid-infrared sources and the associated source counts. At 15m these counts reach the faintest level yet recorded. Almost all of the sources have been confirmed on more than one infrared map and all are identified with counterparts in the optical or near-infrared. Detailed models of the three clusters have been used to correct for the eects of gravitational lensing on the background source pop- ulation. Lensing by the clusters increases the sensitivity of the survey, and the weakest sources have lensing corrected fluxes of 5 and 18Jy at 7 and 15m, respectively. Roughly 70% of the 15m sources are lensed background galaxies. Of sources detected only at 7m, 95% are cluster galaxies for this sample. Of fifteen SCUBA sources within the mapped regions of the three clusters seven were detected at 15 microns. The redshifts for five of these sources lie in the range 0.23 to 2.8, with a median value of 0.9. Flux selected subsets of the field sources above the 80% and 50% completeness limits were used to derive source counts to a lensing corrected sensitivity level of 30 Jy at 15m, and 14Jy at 7m. The source counts, corrected for the eects of completeness, contamination by cluster sources and lensing, confirm and extend earlier findings of an excess by a factor of ten in the 15m population with respect to source models with no evolution. The observed mid-infrared field sources occur mostly at redshifts between 0.4 and 1.5. For the counts at 7m, integrating in the range 14Jy to 460Jy, we resolve (0:49 0:2) 10 9 Wm 2 sr 1 of the infrared back- ground light into discrete sources. At 15m we include the counts from other extensive ISOCAM surveys to integrate over the range 30Jy to 50 mJy, reaching two to three times deeper than the unlensed surveys to resolve (2:7 0:62) 10 9 Wm 2 sr 1 of the infrared background light. These values correspond to 10% and 55%, respectively, of the upper limit to the infrared back- ground light, derived from photon-photon pair production of the high energy gamma rays from BL-Lac sources on the infrared background photons. However, the recent detections of TeV gamma rays from the z= 0:129 BL Lac H1426+428 suggest that the value for the 15m background reported here is already sucient to imply substantial absorption of TeV gamma rays from that source.


Self–other distinction, as documented by mirror self-recognition (MSR), allows for empathy which offers a motivational base for helping a person in need. Kärtner and Keller propose a different, culture-related, possibility of helping based on shared intentional relations and emotional contagion which could explain helping behavior in Indian children not yet capable of MSR. Due to the experimental setting, however, other releasers of children's sadness and helping behavior have to be considered. An alternative setting is proposed. With respect to MSR, the question of false negatives is discussed. The issues mentioned by Klann-Delius address fundamental theoretical questions that cannot be answered briefly.


Electrodeposition of neodymium (Nd) metal from NdCl 3 –containing molten LiCl–KCl eutectic melts was investigated using voltam- metry and diffusion–reaction modeling. Voltammetry studies confirmed that Nd electrodeposition is a two–step reduction process involving first a reversible one–electron transfer reduction of Nd 3 + to Nd 2 + , followed by quasi–reversible reduction of Nd 2 + to Nd metal. In the electrode potential range where Nd 3 + is reduced to Nd 2 + , the peak current density measured in a voltammetry scan showed good agreement with the classical Randles–Sevcik model for reversible soluble–soluble redox transitions. However, in the potential range where Nd 2 + is reduced to Nd metal, the experimentally measured peak currents in the voltammogram were substantially lower than those predicted by applying the Berzins–Delahay model for reversible soluble–insoluble redox transitions. In the present work, this discrepancy was addressed using transient diffusion–reaction modeling, which accounted for the multivalent (Nd 2 + and Nd 3 + ) species transport and their multi–step reduction to Nd metal. The diffusion–reaction model accurately predicts the voltammetric response during Nd electrodeposition in a broad range of operating conditions (species concentrations and voltammetry scan rates), while providing access to the kinetic parameters governing Nd electrodeposition from halide melts. The approach presented herein may also be applied to other electrodeposition systems which undergo multivalent redox transitions at the electrode–electrolyte interface. © 2017.


For finite continued fractions in which all partial quotients lie in the alphabet , it is shown that the set of denominators not exceeding has cardinality . A calculation using an analogue of Bourgain-Kontorovich's theorem from 2011 gives . Bibliography: 25 titles.


Rough set theory is a method of information processing for database systems. The neutrosophic matrix is a generalization of the fuzzy matrix, especially in handling indeterminacy situations. The concept of matrix theory and its energy in the neutrosophic environment help to determine the value of the uncertain matrix. In this paper, we correlate the rough set theory with the neutrosophic matrix theory to introduce the rough neutrosophic matrix (RNM). In this structure, lower and upper approximation neutrosophic matrices are used to deal with uncertain situations. We demonstrate that the given matrix plays a different role in decision-making situations and defined the proposed matrix's determinant, adjoint, algebraic properties and operations. Finally, derived the ranking function for a rough neutrosophic matrix's energy. The new multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach was presented with the ranking formula, which was utilized to rank the alternatives, and numerical examples were provided to show how the proposed matrix and its energy could be applied to an MCDM problem.


Present study is the impact of sea surface temperature(SST) data assimilation on the results of FVCOM by using Nudging scheme. Results of statistical assessments showed the capabilities of the SST assimilation. The SST bias decreases from-0.57°C in control run to -0.49 °C in assimilation run. Mean RMS difference of modeled and observations SST is significantly reduced and approaching to 0.69°C. Surface temperatures of shallow parts were optimized specially near the Hormuz Strait.


The loading of the grinding wheel and adhesion of the workpiece material to the cutting edges of the grinding tool are among the main reasons which limit the process efficiency when grinding ductile materials. The micro topography of the grinding tool changes drastically as a result of loading. Higher grinding forces and temperatures, poorer surface quality and process accuracy are the consequences of the adhesion of the workpiece material to the grinding tool surface. A novel and promising technique to reduce the possibility of loading and adhesion in the grinding process is the infiltrating of the grinding tool. This study describes the results of infiltration of vitrified bonded conventional grinding wheels with graphite in the surface grinding process. The effects of infiltration have been studied for the first time on various grinding wheels with different grain materials, grit sizes, porosity and hardness. Two different types of steel which are very popular in the automobile industry, 100Cr6 and 16MnCr5, were chosen as the workpiece material by the surface grinding experiments. The selected cutting parameters cover a wide range of the practical surface grinding processes which are utilized generally in the industry. It has been experimentally shown that the type of infiltration plays an important role in reducing the loading of the wheel. Better surface quality and longer dressing intervals are the main results of the infiltration of the grinding tools.


In stellar interferometry, the precise knowledge of systematic optical path differences is essential because it directly influences the ability to rapidly acquire fringes. Besides, when an object is too faint to provide a direct measurement of the fringe position error, the VLTI will provide the possibility to blindly track the fringes in open loop, according to the precalculated evolution of the OPD over time. In this case, a poor estimation of the OPD implies that the delay lines follow a trajectory, which progressively introduces residual OPD eros larger than the coherence length, and thus prevents further fringe observation.


This chapter covers the developments in carbonyl ylide and carbonyl oxide chemistry from 1995 to 2003. The major methods of formation of carbonyl ylides are discussed: epoxide ring opening, interaction of carbenes with carbonyl compounds, cycloreversion reactions, and elimination reactions. Also included are recently developed methods for enantioselective generation and reaction of the carbonyl ylides, particularly in inter- and intramolecular cycloaddition reactions. Carbonyl oxide formation from the ozonolysis of alkenes and alkynes, and from the interaction of carbenes with molecular oxygen, is examined with reference to mechanistic studies, its importance in atmospheric chemistry, and the synthetic uses of the oxides.


Notwithstanding conclusive psychological and corpus evidence that at least some aspects of anaphoric and referential interpretation take place incrementally, and the existence of some computational models of incremental reference resolution, many aspects of the linguistics of incremental reference interpretation still have to be better understood. We propose a model of incremental reference interpretation based on Loebner's theory of definiteness and on the theory of anaphoric accessibility via resource situations developed in Situation Semantics, and show how this model can account for a variety of psychological results about incremental reference interpretation.


The goal of the 2.5 year Distributed Intelligent Automated Demand Response (DIADR) project was to reduce peak electricity load of Sutardja Dai Hall at UC Berkeley by 30% while maintaining a healthy, comfortable, and productive environment for the occupants. We sought to bring together both central and distributed control to provide "deep" demand response1 at the appliance level of the building as well as typical lighting and HVAC applications. This project brought together Siemens Corporate Research and Siemens Building Technology (the building has a Siemens Apogee Building Automation System (BAS)), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (leveraging their Open Automated Demand Response (openADR), Auto-Demand Response, and building modeling expertise), and UC Berkeley (related demand response research including distributed wireless control, and grid-to-building gateway development). Sutardja Dai Hall houses the Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society (CITRIS), which fosters collaboration among industry and faculty and students of four UC campuses (Berkeley, Davis, Merced, and Santa Cruz). The 141,000 square foot building, occupied in 2009, includes typical office spaces and a nanofabrication laboratory. Heating is provided by a district heating system (steam from campus as a byproduct of the campus cogeneration plant); cooling is provided by one of two chillers:more » a more typical electric centrifugal compressor chiller designed for the cool months (Nov- March) and a steam absorption chiller for use in the warm months (April-October). Lighting in the open office areas is provided by direct-indirect luminaries with Building Management System-based scheduling for open areas, and occupancy sensors for private office areas. For the purposes of this project, we focused on the office portion of the building. Annual energy consumption is approximately 8053 MWh; the office portion is estimated as 1924 MWh. The maximum peak load during the study period was 1175 kW. Several new tools facilitated this work, such as the Smart Energy Box, the distributed load controller or Energy Information Gateway, the web-based DR controller (dubbed the Central Load-Shed Coordinator or CLSC), and the Demand Response Capacity Assessment & Operation Assistance Tool (DRCAOT). In addition, an innovative data aggregator called sMAP (simple Measurement and Actuation Profile) allowed data from different sources collected in a compact form and facilitated detailed analysis of the building systems operation. A smart phone application (RAP or Rapid Audit Protocol) facilitated an inventory of the building's plug loads. Carbon dioxide sensors located in conference rooms and classrooms allowed demand controlled ventilation. The extensive submetering and nimble access to this data provided great insight into the details of the building operation as well as quick diagnostics and analyses of tests. For example, students discovered a short-cycling chiller, a stuck damper, and a leaking cooling coil in the first field tests. For our final field tests, we were able to see how each zone was affected by the DR strategies (e.g., the offices on the 7th floor grew very warm quickly) and fine-tune the strategies accordingly.« less


While in the 20th Century it may no longer be typical for people to resort to weapons as a means of resolving their disputes, most will agree that litigation is, to a lesser degree, aggression played out in the dignifi ed theater of the courts with words as the weapon of choice. Ideally, as a means of dispute resolution, ADR represents a choice of peace over aggression. Regrettably, though, as the process of arbitration is re-cast by some lawyers and parties who may have lost sight of arbitration's historic character and benefi ts, arbitration appears to be morphing in some cases into a private forum for litigation practices. With that in mind, it is hoped that a historical look at the origins of arbitration in North America will aid in reminding stakeholders in the arbitration process of arbitration's intended benefi ts: simpler, faster, cheaper.


The goal of this work was to propose and evaluate a methodology to perform thermal-structural analysis in bolted connections of a reflectometry system for ITER. The main concerns the analyses should cover are the connections' alignment given that they connect guides through which microwave radiation travels and the comparison between stress distributions and stress limits with the ones defined by ITER. The analyses were performed in the Finite Element software Ansys Workbench Mechanical and the connection models were especially designed for this work using computer-aided-design (CAD). Both the analysis tools provided by the software and the modelling options used in the proposed methodology are described in detail. The methodology was firstly verified by applying it to solve problems for which analytical solutions are known, and then applied to perform the analysis of bolted connections under three distinct loading cases: connection subject only to bolttightening force, connection subject to bolt pre-tightening and imposed temperature distribution, and connection subject to bolt pre-tightening and "worst-case-scenario" static loading. The main conclusions were that the methodology proposed is able to provide converged results on bolt stress that can be compared to ITER defined stress limits and to provide some insight on waveguides' alignment. It presents some problems regarding stress convergence in singularity points and contact regions.


In our country, alpha-lipoic acid is widely used as a pathogenetic therapy for diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). Objective : to compare the efficiency and safety of using oral and injectable α-lipoic acid for DPN. Patients and methods . The investigation enrolled 47 patients with a verified diagnosis of DPN, who were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 23 patients (10 men and 13 women; mean age, 62.9±7.5 years), Group 2 consisted of 24 patients (9 men and 15 women, mean age, 65.5±7.9 years). All the patients used Berlithione: Group 1 received its intravenous doses of 600 mg for 14 days, then oral ones of 600 mg for other 16 days; Group 2 took oral doses of 600 mg for 30 days. The therapy results were assessed using the digital rating scale (DRS), the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) neuropathic pain rating scale, and the neurological soft signs (NSS), and electroneuromyography (ENMG) data. Results and discussion . Berlithione was found to have a good tolerability. No adverse reactions were detected in any case; and there was no need to discontinue this drug. On day 21 of therapy, there were statistically significant differences in the indicators of pain intensity on DRS in Group 1 patients (p 1 month) for DPN.


PurposeBenchmarking research has explored the role of organizational practices and business processes rooted with human capabilities for achieving growth performance. The role of high performance work system as an organizational practice and business process is yet to be studied. Even if studied, no study has been conducted on the role of training transfer climate on high performance work system and organizational performance. The current research aims at examining high performance work system on organizational performance. Further, the study also examine training transfer climate as a mediating variable between HPWS and organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachData collected from 415 executives of a high performance-based power sector company of Gujarat, India. The survey instrument consists of high performance work system, training transfer climate and organizational performance. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for a simultaneous assessment of overall and specific elements of measurement validity and reliability. Structural equation modelling used to test the hypothesized model.FindingsThe result proved the capability of high performance work system to predict organizational performance. Further, the result supports the hypothesis that training transfer climate acts as a mediator between high performance work system and organizational performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe result has important theoretical and managerial implications. Theoretically, the research extends the scope of benchmarking to high performance work system. The managerial implications have been discussed from the training transfer climate perspectives.Originality/valueThe originality of the study lies with proving the role of high performance work system and training transfer climate as an organizational practice and business process within benchmarking research.


Ever since the early days of tissue culture, one of the chief debates has centered on the question of the maintenance and expression of tissueand organ-specific functions by animal cells grown in vitro (cf. ref. 1-4). This debate on "differentiation versus dedifferentiation," often confused by lack of both adequate experimental data and adequate definitions, can now be considered as settled by recent demonstrations of the possibility, in at least a few cases, of obtaining cultures capable of (a) expressing, over prolonged periods of time, differentiated functions characteristic of the tissue of origin and (b) re-expressing them after growth under conditions interfering with their expression.5-s These experiments thus demonstrate that in vitro cultured cells can oscillate between a state of overt differentiation (i.e. active performance of a given function) and a state of covert maintenance of the potentiality to express the same function under appropriate conditions (called "modulation" by Paul Weiss). The mechanism underlying the two states is sought today in the type of phenomena of regulation of gene expression which has recently been uncovered in bacteria and with which they have many features in common.3 Research along these lines is in progress in this and several other laboratories (cf. ref. 10). The debate on "differentiation-dedifferentiation" in vitro has meanwhile ob-


Objective:To compare the effects of different target plasma concentrations of remifentanil and propofol in elderly patients undergoing thoracic surgery.Methods:Forty-five ASA Ⅱor Ⅲ patients aged 65-75 years(weighing 50-77 kg) undergoing thoracic surgery were randomly divided into 3 groups(n = 15 each),R4 group(4 μg/L target plasma remifentanil),R6 group(6 μg/L remifentanil) and R8 group(8 μg/L remifentanil).Hemodynamic values were separately recorded at the following times,baseline before anesthesia(T0),after induction of anesthesia(T1),intubation(T2),3 min after intubation(T3),skin incision(T4),chest exploration(T5),skin closure(T6) and extubation(T7).Vein blood samples were taken at T0,T2,T4,T5 and T7 for measurement of plasma concentrations of epinephrine(E) and norepinephrine(NE) by ELASA.Results:The levels of blood pressure and heart rate(HR) were significantly increased at T2,T4 and T5 in group R4(P 0.05).The increased blood pressure and HR were effectively restrained in group R6 and R8(P 0.05).The levels of blood pressure and HR decreased significantly at T1 in group R8(P 0.05).The levels of NE and E increased significantly at T2 than that of T0 in group R4,and significantly lower in group R6 and R8 than those of group R4(P 0.05).The level of NE increased significantly at T4 and T5 in three groups(P 0.05).The blood pressure,HR,NE and E levels significantly increased at T7 than those of T0 in three groups(P 0.05).Conclusion:The target plasma remifentanil concentration of 6 μg/L in the presence of propofol can effectively attenuate the stress response in the elderly thoracic surgery.


The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes and treatment‐related complications between coiling and clipping for ruptured distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms.


11  Background Health Diplomacy is now important more than ever. It's a complex and multi-dimensional concept. One example is when health researchers and health policy advisors come together for complex multinational projects in health. They need diplomatic agreements that require negotiations between the nations to come up with a universal agreement based on scientific evidence. There are various examples of the opposite direction where health was used as a tool to achieve national interest. This direction recently gained more attention during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The concept of soft power was defined by the American political scientist Joseph Nye as the "power of cooperation by which a country can exert influence by playing the seduction and persuasion, its objective being to bring others to share its values, to reproduce its models, to think like it." According to this definition, a country mobilizes resources such as its image, reputation, prestige, the attractiveness of cultures, science, technology profile, etc. to gain power. This can take many forms and approaches, such as higher education (Harvard or Ecole Nationale d'Administration), filmmaking (Hollywood), humanitarian action (French doctors), and so on. This paper aims to shed light on health diplomacy's role, exploring the Egyptian case, and some Asian and global lessons to learn from.


Through this work we offer a generalized view on one of the issues, unfortunately, of more current relevance and vital importance as is the issue of mistreatment of women in different areas. We have selected this topic to contrast with various data, the result of a brief investigation, and will be related to some of the references with which Dr. Encarnacion Hidalgo gave attendees during the sessions taught in the Master in gender studies at the University of Almeria, as is the case of the discrimination of women through discourse.


In kinetic assays, an anti‐CD5‐ricin A chain (ST.1 ‐RTA) immunoconjugate (immunotoxins, IT) specifically inhibited up to 40% the protein synthesis of Jurkat target cells within the first 40 hr. Longer exposures of leukemia cells to ST.I‐RTA resulted in a progressively higher number of target cells escaping IT treatment and becoming resistant to further treatment with ST.I‐RTA even in the presence of the RTA‐IT enhancer monensin. Resistant Jurkat cells proliferated at the same rate as control untreated cells, and were as sensitive as control cells to a transferrin‐RTA IT, indicating that the ST.I‐RTA‐resistant tumor‐cell population did not become insensitive to the enzymatic activity of RTA. Binding studies revealed that the anti‐CD5 IT treatment induced a transient modulation of CD5 antigens but not of the functionally related CD3 antigens. The CD5 antigens were re‐expressed at the cell surface following removal of the IT molecules from the culture medium with 1.1% of the total CD5 Ag being re‐expressed per hr. When our experimental data on the kinetics of cell intoxication by the IT were corrected for the proliferative potential of the resistant and of the sensitive tumor‐cell populations, it appeared that the effect of ST.I‐RTA treatment on Jurkat cells was only to delay cell growth for a limited time period (20 hr) without reducing effectively the tumor‐cell burden. Our results may have implications for the long‐term treatment of target tumor cells with IT. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The amphibian skin contains various bioactive molecules (peptides, proteins, steroids, alkaloids, opiods) that possess potent therapeutic activities like antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antidiabetic, antineoplastic, analgesic and sleep inducing properties. Research on amphibian skin derived biomolecules can provide potential clue towards newer drug development to combat various pathophysiological conditions. An overview on the bioactive molecules of various amphibian skins has been discussed.


At first, a mathematical model of physical structure of constant speed wind turbine and doubly fed induction generator was set up. Then two machine-infinite system simulation models were set up with software named PSAT. The dynamic responses of different capacity of wind power integration into grid in different type of faults were compared. With the capacity of wind power getting increasing, the frequency of wind power bus and the rotor angle speed oscillation would decrease. At last, the effect of the electrical parameters of the wind generator on the wind generator rotor angle speed oscillation was analyzed.


Reducing the environmental impact of current food production and consumption practices is a significant challenge for a more sustainable future. Even though previous HCI studies illustrated that design interventions could support more sustainable food practices in domestic contexts, little attention has been given to hospitality contexts (e.g., restaurants). Addressing this gap, we first investigated food preparation practices in restaurants (i.e., how recipes, menus and meals are prepared) through interviews with 10 chefs and instructors of culinary arts. Then, we designed KNOBIE, a design intervention aimed at supporting chefs' sustainable food preparation practices through better recipe and menu planning. In this paper, we present the results of these interviews, KNOBIE as a concept to support sustainable recipe planning and how interviews guided its design.


We summarise SMART-1 lunar highlights relevant for future lunar exploration. SMART-1 has been useful in the preparation of Selene Kaguya, the Indian lunar mission Chandrayaan-1, Chinese Chang'E 1 , the US Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, LCROSS, and subsequent lunar landers (Google Lunar X-prize, International Lunar Network, Moon-NEXT, cargo and manned landers). SMART-1 is contributing to prepare the next steps for exploration: survey of resources, search for ice, monitoring polar illumination, and mapping of sites for potential landings, international robotic villages and for future human activities and lunar bases. Overview of SMART-1 mission and payload: SMART-1 is the first in the programme of ESA's Small Missions for Advanced Research and Technology [1,2,3]. Its first objective has been achieved to demonstrate Solar Electric Primary Propulsion (SEP) for future Cornerstones (such as Bepi-Colombo) and to test new technologies for spacecraft and instruments. The SMART-1 spacecraft has been launched on 27 Sept. 2003, as an Ariane-5 auxiliary passenger and injected in GTO Geostationary Transfer Orbit. The SMART-1 spacecraft reached on 15 March 2005 a lunar orbit 400-3000 km for a nominal science period of six months, with 1 year extension until impact on 3 September 2006. SMART-1 science payload, with a total mass of some 19 kg, featured many innovative instruments and advanced technologies [1], with a miniaturised high-resolution camera (AMIE) for lunar surface imaging, a near-infrared point-spectrometer (SIR) for lunar mineralogy investigation, and a very compact X-ray spectrometer (D-CIXS) [4-6] for fluorescence spectroscopy and imagery of the Moon's sur-face elemental composition. The payload also included two plasma experiments: SPEDE (Spacecraft Potential, Electron and Dust Experiment) and EPDP (Electric propulsion diagnostic Package), an experiment (KaTE) that demonstrated deep-space telemetry and telecommand communications in the X and Ka-bands, a radio-science experiment (RSIS), a deep space optical link (Laser-Link Experiment), using the ESA Optical Ground station in Tenerife, and the validation of a system of autonomous navigation (OBAN) based on image processing. SMART-1 lunar science and exploration results: A package of three multiband mapping instruments has performed science and exploration at the Moon. AMIE (Advanced-Moon micro-Imager Experiment). AMIE is a miniature high resolution (35 m pixel at 350 km perilune height) camera, equipped with a fixed panchromatic and 3-colour filter, for Moon topography and imaging support to other experiments [7,10,11]. The micro camera AMIE has provided high-resolution CCD images of selected lunar areas. It included filters deposited on the CCD in white light + three filters for colour analyses, with bands at 750 nm, 900 nm and 950 nm (measuring the absorption of pyroxene and olivine). Lunar North polar maps and South pole repeated high resolution images have been obtained, giving a monitoring of illumination to map potential sites relevant for future exploration . AMIE images provided a geological context for SIR and D-CIXS data, and colour or multi-phase angle complement. AMIE has been used to map sites of interest in the South Pole –Aitken basin relevant to the study of cataclysm bombardment, and to preview future sites for sampling return. SMART-1 studied also volcanic processes, and the coupling between impacts and volcanism. D-CIXS (Demonstration of a Compact Imaging X-ray Spectrometer). DCIXS is based on novel detector and filter/collimator technologies, and has performing the first lunar X-ray fluorescence global mapping in the 0.5–10 keV range [4,5,9], in order to map the lunar elemental composition. It was supported in its operation by XSM (X-ray Solar Monitor) which also moni-tored coronal X-ray emission and solar flares [6]. For instance, D-CIXS measurements of Si, Mg, Al, Si, Ca & Fe lines at 1.25, 1.49, 1.74, 3.7 & 6.4 keV, were made over North of Mare Crisium during the 15 Jan 2005 solar flare, permitting the first detection of Calcium from lunar orbit [9]. Bulk crustal composition has bearing on theories of origin and evolution of the Moon. D-CIXS produced the first global measurements of the lunar surface in X-ray fluorescence (XRF), elemental abundances of Mg, Al and Si (and Fe when solar activity permitted) across the whole Moon. The South Pole-Aitken Basin (SPA) and large lunar impact basins have been also measured with D-CIXS. D-CIXS has been improved for the C1XS instrument adapted to ISRO Chandrayaan-1. SIR (Smart-1 Infra-Red Spectrometer). SIR has been operating in the 0.9-2.6 μm wavelength range and carrying out mineralogical survey of the lunar crust. SIR had high enough spectral resolution to separate the pyroxene and olivine signatures in lunar soils. SIR data with spatial resolution as good as 400 m permitted to distinguish units on central peaks, walls, rims and ejecta blankets of large impact craters, allowing for stratigraphic studies of the lunar crust. SIR has been improved for the Chandrayaan-1 SIR2 instrument. SMART-1 overall planetary science: SMART-1 science investigations included studies of the chemical composition of the Moon, of geophysical processes (volcanism, tectonics, cratering, erosion, deposition of ices and volatiles) for comparative planetology, and high resolution studies in preparation for future steps of lunar exploration. The mission addressed several topics such as the accretional processes that led to the formation of rocky planets, and the origin and evolution of the Earth-Moon system [8]. SMART-1 operations and coordination: The Experiments have been run according to illumination and altitude conditions during the nominal science phase of 6-months and 1 yr extension, in elliptical Moon orbit. The planning and co-ordination of the Technology and science experiments operations was carried out at ESA/ESTEC (SMART-1 STOC). The data archiving is based on the PDS (Planetary Data System) Standard. The SMART-1 observations have been coordinated with follow-up missions. References: [1] Foing, B. et al (2001) Earth Moon Planets, 85, 523 . [2] Racca, G.D. et al. (2002) Earth Moon Planets, 85, 379. [3] Racca, G.D. et al. (2002) P&SS, 50, 1323. [4] Grande, M. et al. (2003) P&SS, 51, 427. [5] Dunkin, S. et al. (2003) P&SS, 51, 435. [6] Huovelin, J. et al. (2002) P&SS, 50, 1345. [7] Shkuratov, Y. et al (2003) JGRE 108, E4, 1. [8] Foing, B.H. et al (2003) Adv. Space Res., 31, 2323. [9] Grande, M. et al (2007) P&SS 55, 494. [10] Pinet, P. et al (2005) P&SS, 53, 1309. [11] Josset J.L. et al (2006) Adv Space Res, 37, 14. [12] Foing B.H. et al (2006) Adv Space Res, 37, 6. Links: http://sci.esa.int/smart-1/, http://sci.esa.int/ilewg/


The invention relates to an amino acid derivative of formula (I), concerns a process for producing the compound of formula (I) and describes the application of compound of formula (I) as renin inhibitor. Where: B A aminoacid of formula HB-OH; R1 a heterocycle NITROGEN CONTAINING OTHER as piperidine, X CO, CS, SO or SO2, and CH2. BEARING R3, R4 and R5 MEANING described in the patent.


We must admit that the very name Lafcadio Hearn has a slightly spurious ring, which titles like Gleanings in Buddha-Fields or Exotics and Retrospectives do nothing to improve. Most readers of this Journal would be ashamed to be caught reading Hearn. Yet at the least we must account for his historical importance, at the most rehabilitate him as a writer. Scholars like Albert Mordell and Nishizaki Ichiro have been preparing the ground for Mr. Yu's sober, detailed, critical study of Hearn's thought. He divides his analysis into three parts, "Art," "Criticism," and "Philosophy," though the three merge in practice. The topics treated are best recounted in his defense of Hearn in the "Conclusion." They include:


Binding Arguments and Hidden Variables Jonathan Cohen and Samuel C. Rickless In recent years, several philosophers have appealed to evidence about bind- ing relations to show that various linguistic expressions are represented (at some level of linguistic representation) as having hidden variables (e.g., Stan- ley (2002), 368–369; Stanley and Szab´ (2000), 243). In particular, the idea o is that binding interactions between the relevant expressions and natural lan- guage quantifiers are best explained by the hypothesis that those expressions harbor hidden but bindable variables. Recently, however, Herman Cappelen and Ernie Lepore have rejected such binding arguments for the presence of hid- den variables on the grounds that they overgeneralize — that, if sound, such arguments would establish the presence of hidden variables in all sorts of ex- pressions where it is implausible that they exist (Cappelen and Lepore (2005), Cappelen and Lepore (2002)). 1 In what follows we respond to Cappelen's and Lepore's attempted reductio by bringing out crucial disanalogies between cases where the binding argument is successful and cases where it is not. But we have a deeper purpose than merely to respond to Cappelen and Lepore: we think the attempted reductio goes wrong by not taking sufficiently seriously the nature of the binding relation that holds between quantifiers and arguments/variables, and that our criticism will serve to highlight the nature and importance of this relation. From Binding to Hidden Variables As we noted, the binding argument adduces facts about variable binding as evidence for the presence of hidden variables in the representation of linguistic expressions. For example, the thought is that we can reveal the presence of a hidden variable in 'it is sunny' in (1) by demonstrating binding interactions between that variable and the quantifier 'Everywhere Sally goes' in (1b): (1) It is sunny. 2 1 Cappelen and Lepore object to the postulation of hidden indexical variables on the further grounds that these variables (i) are insufficient to demonstrate semantic context sensitivity (which is perhaps the main reason philosophers and linguists have been interested in such variables), (ii) are not bindable by anaphora in the way that ordinary indexicals are, (iii) don't guarantee certain a priori truths of the kind that are ordinarily guaranteed for indexicals, and (iv) predict the availability of interpretations that are, they claim, unavailable. We'll have nothing to say about these other arguments. 2 For the sake of uniformity, we'll use 'it is sunny' rather than the contracted form 'it's


This book describes an investigation into the osteogenic properties of bone marrow. It begins with a review of previous work, and finds that the results are inconstant and contradictory. The author considers that this is due to faulty technique, and emphasises the dangers of infection and desiccation. Dr Danis has performed a series of experiments, mainly on rats, using a careful aseptic technique. Taking marrow from the femur, and making sure that it contained no bone particles and that it did not become dry, he injected it into the anterior chamber of the eye and studied it both in vivo, by injecting sodium sulpho-alizarinate, and histologically. In autologous transplants bone always formed : the bone began in the middle of the graft, spread peripherally and persisted at any rate for many months. Bone marrow treated with alcohol, heat or cold did not form bone ; nor did cortical bone. In homologous experiments the results were inconstant. In heterologous experiments bone did not form. The author concludes that formation of bone from marrow depends on living cells and is not due to induction of metaplasia in the host tissue. He believes that the reticular cells of the marrow are potentially osteogenic.


Higher vocational colleges is oriented by employment, and practice is the most important transition for students to step toward employment. More importantly, practice students are facing the conflict that whether they should leave school to have practice or stay at campus to study curriculums,as a result,they have to facing the problem that whether they can graduate smoothly.


The history of Greece extends far beyond the period described above, but for the purposes of our study in music history, we will confine our analysis of Greek musical development to the period where the most advances were being made and where music played the most significance in society. This is not to say that music did not play a large part in Greek culture before then, only that the most important contributions to the Greek musical system were made during this time. During this period, the first Olympic Games were performed, philosophers and authors such as Homer, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle brought forth their new ideas, and musical theorists such as Pythagoras and Aristoxenus created new systems for creative expression. Many of our history's creative and intellectual achievements have its roots in ancient Greek culture.


Palmas del Cesar, a Colombian company located in the Central oil palm-growing region, is successfully implementing a strategy of sustained growth with third parties. The creation of a supplier service unit has helped the company achieve its goals, as it has served as a bridge to disseminate technology and to provide training to ensure that farmers in their areas of influence embrace an oil palm culture, which implies a long-term vision of the crop in terms of sustainability


This paper challenges Paul Samuelson's claim that the development theories of Marx and Schumpeter have little in common. There are indeed broad similarities between the two theories, arising principally from Schumpeter's use of Marx's method (with some interesting modifications), which he calls the 'economic interpretation of history'. This discussion leads us to ask if we can incorporate into Marx's method some of the insights suggested by Schumpeter's modifications. We show that Marx's method is enriched by the insertion into it of an explicit, although limited, role of the individual (human agency). The paper then turns to the differences between the two theories, concerning the theory of value and the analysis of social classes. We find an unresolved tension in Schumpeter's system of thought, between his attempt to construct a model of a dynamic, evolving economy on Marxian lines (albeit an alternative to Marx's model), and his emphasis on the role of the individual, which he inserts into an essentially static, Walrasian model.


This interpretive essay attempts to demonstrate the potential good that might come from approaching a hermeneutic phenomenological study as a hard-boiled detective story in the tradition of Raymond Chandler. The authors attempt to explain the hermeneutic warrants for such an adventure—that is, for how and why a topic like the categorization and treatment of students in the public education system as "slow learners" might be approached as a detective story. The parallels between detective fiction, Chandler's work as a noir novelist, and hermeneutics are drawn out. Attention is drawn to the ground of our interpretive relationship with the world in Heidegger's notion of the "as structure" of interpretation. A case is made for seeing the hard-boiled detective story as a hermeneutic venue for shaking up commonsense understandings of how we have come to see and do education with those students designated as slow in their learning.   Â


The process of food damage can be inhibited by the use of active packaging in the form of antimicrobial edible packaging (antimicrobial edible packaging). One of them with edible film is a thin layer that can be consumed and usually used to protect food.
The purpose of this research is to know the interaction and influence of edible film on the value of tensile strength, transparency, elongation, WVTR, solubility, thickness, and to know the effect of edible film and antibacterial application to shelf life of seaweed dodol during storage with period day 0, 2, 4th day, and day 6. Implementation of this research is done by 2 stages namely stage 1 using Randomized Block Factor Random Design with factor 1 concentration of carrageenan (I%, 1.5% and 2%) with turmeric concentration 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%), and the second phase design study using RAL Completely Randomized Design with 1 factor ie the use of edible film to be applied to seaweed dodgy.
The results of the edible film analysis showed that the best 3 treatments were achieved and complied with the Japanese Industrial Standard (1975) standards based on their effect on the storage of dodol, respectively, from the best treatment in P3T3 treatment (2% carrageenan: 1% turmeric extract), P3T2 (carrageenan 1,5 %: turmeric extract 0.75%) and P3T1 (carrageenan 1%: turmeric extract 0.5%). The application of 3 types of edible film gave a very significant effect on the texture value of 5.23-6.45 N / m, water content 24,18-24,70%, TPC 6,23-3,57 CFU / gram, shrinkage weight of 0.033-0.095%. During storage. Edible film which is effective in inhibiting dodol damage ie P3T3 (2% carragenan: turmeric extract 1%). Based on the effectiveness test for P3T3 obtained WVTR (Water Vapor Trasmission Rate) 41.01 mg.mm/24, transparency 1.73 A546 / mm, elongation 14.44%, tensile strength 7.5 Mpa, thickness 0.140 mm.