Objective:To investigate the surgical treatment of unstable type C distal radius fracture and the curative effect.Methods:From January 2009 to September 2011,43 cases of unstable type C distal radius fracture underwent surgery.The plans of operation were made with the help of spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction of the wrist joint,patients took postoperative functional exercise and the curative effects were observed.Results: All 43 cases have been followed-up for an average of 9 months(ranged from 6 to 14 months).All fractures healed.The function of wrist joints according to the modified Sarmiento Gartland Werley criteria were excellent in 29 cases,good in 8 cases,fair in 4 cases,and poor in 2 cases;the excellent and good rate was 86%.Conclusions: With the help of spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction of wrist joint,developing operation scheme for unstable distal radius fracture of type C and taking regular postoperative functional exercise can achieve satisfactory effect.


The generation of dry dust aerosols for animal exposures, where a long-time stable output is necessary, is a difficult and many faceted problem. In order to control accurately the exposure levels in chambers for long periods of time a system is required in which concentrations are continuously monitored and modified on an instantaneous basis. A system has been built that monitors and controls the dust output from a dry dust generator using a long-path opacity device with a feed back loop. The design makes it possible for a microcomputer to scan all parameters in the chamber room and print out on demand an update of the accumulated data. An investigation of system parameters are herein described. It is essential that the system operate with a variety of different types of dry dusts at a range of concentrations. The laboratory experiments describe the use of flyash, silica, carbon, olivine and Arizona road dust at chamber concentrations of from 400 to 3500 µgms/m3 in the respirable fraction. Testing indicat...


Nowadays, the mediation of information from multiple autonomous and heterogeneous data sources becomes a crucial task for future Web information systems. With the succession of ontologies, an important progress has been realized in the automation of the integration process seen their explicit representation of data semantics. Somewhere else, the paradigm of viewpoints can be an undeniable contribution in the integration of large number of information sources by several viewpoints. In this paper we propose an hybrid approach of integration based on the notion of viewpoints which takes into account new hypotheses: (1) data sources are grouped according to the viewpoint that they represent, (2) mediators are represented in two different levels of the architecture, and (3) an hybrid approach that consists in combining the two data integration approaches Global As View (GAV) and Local As


Abstract. While optical remote sensing has demonstrated its capabilities for landslide
detection and monitoring, spatial and temporal demands for landslide early
warning systems (LEWSs) had not been met until recently. We introduce a novel
conceptual approach to structure and quantitatively assess lead time for
LEWSs. We analysed "time to warning" as a sequence: (i) time to collect,
(ii) time to process and (iii) time to evaluate relevant optical data. The difference
between the time to warning and "forecasting window" (i.e. time from
hazard becoming predictable until event) is the lead time for reactive
measures. We tested digital image correlation (DIC) of best-suited
spatiotemporal techniques, i.e. 3 m resolution PlanetScope daily imagery
and 0.16 m resolution unmanned aerial system (UAS)-derived orthophotos to reveal fast ground
displacement and acceleration of a deep-seated, complex alpine
mass movement leading to massive debris flow events. The time to warning for
the UAS/PlanetScope totals 31/21 h and is comprised of time to (i) collect –
12/14 h, (ii) process – 17/5 h and (iii) evaluate – 2/2 h, which is well below the
forecasting window for recent benchmarks and facilitates a lead time for
reactive measures. We show optical remote sensing data can support LEWSs with
a sufficiently fast processing time, demonstrating the feasibility of
optical sensors for LEWSs.


Most engineering problems today are multi-disciplinary. Security issues, environmental concerns, rising consumptions, depleting resources and globalization are issues that impose the multi-disciplinary task. The mathematical formulation of the communication among participating disciplines should deserve special attention. In this paper, a framework for handling the communication in multi-disciplinary problems in general is established in terms of a purpose of analysis and a protocol for the flow of information. The formulation that evolved from the optimal design of an energy-conversion system given a cost objective function is reviewed. The focus is then set on the communication between the disciplines of thermodynamics and design and on the mathematical formulation of the communication.


On November 22, 2022, Dr. Michael Peters, Director of the Naval Reserve Professional Development and Mentorship Program for the Royal Canadian Navy presented Diversity Discussion: Intentionality and Blindspots. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the benefits and challenges surrounding Diversity and Inclusion programs, the need for intentionality and accountability in the creation and implementation of the programs, and the ways in which role modelling and mentorship from those in leadership positions helps to foster and sustain an environment conducive to diversity and inclusion.

Received: 2022-12-30Revised: 2023-01-05


This document includes : Appendices A to F, Figures S 1 to S6, and Legends for movies S1 to S14. Other supplementary files for this paper include : Movies S1 to S14.


The tight competition in the banking industry in the digital era encourages the digital transformation of the banking industry to remain competitive. This condition further widens the opportunities for banks to enter the digital banking business. On the other hand, other banks maintain the existing ecosystem by continuing to provide online services. Online services can be a choice of consumers to facilitate transactions. Quality information systems and services improve the consumer experience of using service technology. The successful implementation of service technology can be seen from user satisfaction, which leads to user's intention to continue to use service technology and ultimately recommend it to others. This study aims to evaluate the satisfaction of the mobile banking consumer experience using the information system success model. In this study, 176 respondents were collected from Bank Mandiri mobile banking users. Findings based on multiple regression analysis show that system quality, information quality, and service quality have a significant influence on customer satisfaction, which in turn affects loyalty. Achievement of consumer satisfaction and loyalty to mobile banking services, can be done by improving system quality, information quality, and service quality. and service quality has a significant influence on customer satisfaction, which in turn affects loyalty.


Significant channel aggradation events have occurred in numerous coastal northern California watersheds over the past 50 years, leaving lasting impacts on stream channel morphology and habitats. Our study focuses on sediment movement and channel morphology following large aggradation events and specifically focuses on the relationship between volume of stored sediment and bed material transport rates. Cuneo Creek, a steep gravel-bed stream in the Eel River basin, has sustained substantial channel aggradation events in 1955, 1964 and 1997. Relationships between volume of stored sediment and bed material transport were developed for the time periods between 1964-1997 and 1997-2000. Bed topography was reconstructed and volume of sediment removed was calculated for 7 time steps between 1964 and 2000. Results indicate the majority of sediment from the 1964 event was removed in the first 10 years by rapid channel incision. Surveys following the 1997 event show the majority of 1997-produced sediment was removed in 1998. In both cases, channel morphology evolved from a braided, unarmored channel with a relatively planar bed back to an armored, single-thread channel. Experiments designed to model Cuneo Creek were conducted in a flume (length=12 m, width=0.76 m, slope=3.5%) to further examine the storage-transport relation. Transport rate at the flume outlet, water surface slope, surface topography and texture were measured throughout the experiment. The bed consisted of a sand and gravel mixture ranging from 0.2511.2 mm (median=1 mm, std dev=1.8 mm). Aggradation and degradation were induced by increasing, then decreasing the sediment feed rate, while holding discharge constant. During an aggrade/degrade cycle, the channel evolved from a stable single-thread armored channel with alternate bars to an actively braided, unarmored system covering the entire flume width during the aggradation phase; after the feed rate was decreased, the channel returned to a single-thread channel. This progression follows closely that documented in Cuneo Creek. Significant adjustment to transport rates occurred at four positions during the aggrade/degrade cycle: (1) transport rates increased slightly after the feed rate was increased and the channel began to aggrade; (2) transport rates increased rapidly after the feed rate was decreased and the channel began to degrade; (3) peak transport was observed during degradation, just after the channel transitioned from braided to singlethread; (4) transport rates decreased as the channel stabilized and became armored. Consistently higher transport rates during degradation suggest downstream transport efficiency is greater during channel degradation than aggradation. We also infer higher transport efficiency of …


Cables are the largest assets by volume on power distribution networks and the assets with the least health information routinely gathered. Projections over the next 8 years suggest increased penetration of low-carbon technology (LCT) at the distribution level with higher loads resulting from electric vehicle (EV) and heat pump uptake. Over this period, increased cable loading will directly influence their lifetimes and may mean that existing asset management practices need to be revised to understand the specific impact on end-of-life assessment. Accordingly, this paper uses a physics-based thermal lifetime model based on projected uptake trends for LCTs to evaluate the impact on distribution cable lifetime. Two case studies are presented considering portions of network and the ultimate impact on asset life over the next decade. Two commonly used cables are considered to quantify the lifetime reduction caused by LCT for asset fleets. The paper shows that the projected uptake of EVs and heat pumps will have a detrimental effect on cable life with a 30% reduction in cable lifetime possible.


In this study, in order to develop low temperature sintering ultrasonic nozzle, single-layer and multilayer ring-type piezoelectric actuators were manufactured using PMN-PNN-PZT ceramics, And then the electrical properties were investigated. A ring-type piezoelectric actuator was modeled by ATILA program using finite element method(FEM). The piezoelectric actuator dimension was (outer diameter), (inner diameter), 3.5 mm (thickness). By FEM analysis, resonant and anti-resonant frequencies were appeared as 56.7 kHz and 61.5 kHz. The displacement increased with the increases of the number of layer. Based on the result, ring-type multilayer piezoelectric actuators were manufactured at low co-firing temperature of . The resonant resistance decreased with the increases of the number of layer. And also, the capacitance increased with the increases of the number of layer. The mechanical quality factor (Qm) decreased with the increases of the number of layer.


A two-dimensional numerical model of a high-gain (electron-beam power > input laser beam power) free-electron laser (FEL) has been constructed which includes the effects of diffraction, refraction, and off-axis electron-beam current density and wiggler field variations. In this model, laser beam propagation is governed by a paraxial wave equation with FEL source terms. Conventional resonant electron analysis is used to represent the trapping and deceleration of electrons by the electromagnetic field. The trapped electron-beam current density is forced to decrease as the size of the trapping potential decreases so that detrapping can be simulated. The variable-parameter wiggler field is chosen so that synchronism can be maintained at a single, arbitrary radial position. The magnetic field varies at other radial positions in accordance with Maxwell's equations.


To deal with the behaviour of wire structures subjected to electromagnetic waves with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, it is necessary to establish the external electromagnetic excitation in time-domain. For a homogeneous lossy half-space problem, the Fresnel reflection coefficients for arbitrary polarization plane wave are usually multiplied by the pulse spectrum in the frequency domain and the result is transformed into the time-domain. In this paper, an accurate method based on the Padé approximation theory in conjunction with the partial fraction expansion is used, and leads to expressions of the field above a homogeneous lossy earth that can analytically be transformed into the time-domain. The influence of the common degree of the numerator and denominator of the Padé approximant on the accuracy of the proposed method is discussed.


We prove the existence of solutions of quasilinear second order elliptic equations with quasilinear Venttsel boundary conditions in both classical and weak sense, under natural structure conditions.


The study deals with the tree species composition, regeneration status and plant diversity of miscellaneous forest in tarai region of Kumaon Himalaya. The total tree basal area ranged from 2325.0 to 2974.7 cm 2 and density from 4.7 to 7.0 plants 100m -2 for tree layer, 8.0 to 18.4 individuals 100m-2 for saplings and 58.8 to 146.3 individuals 100m-2 for seedlings. ShannonWiener Index (diversity) values for tree layer ranged 2.408 to 2.862, concentration of dominance ranged 0.163 to 0.205 and equitability between 8.58 and 11.23. On the basis of data on population structure, a total of four patterns were recognized, Mallotus philipinensis, showed expanding population structure. Absence of lower girth classes of Dalbergia sissoo indicates that this early successional species is failing to regenerate with increasing density of forest cover. Tectona grandis, Cassia fistula were represented only by seedlings indicating they have invaded recently. Rest of the species exhibit accidental population structure.


Rapid increasing of population and limited city area as well as better awareness on the green open area of the city, which is ideally about 30 percent, have forced the development of the buildings vertically. The increasing number of high-rise buildings and skyscrapers are the evidence that the development of the buildings in the cities of Indonesia are heading towards the over-ground space. However, the vertical development is known to be highly vulnerable to earthquake hazard. The revised Indonesian seismic map has increased the seismic load in most of the seismic zones in Indonesia. To create a safe and healthy city, a comprehensive urban planning and design is required. A good urban planning and code-based design must also be adopted to assure a safe building structure for the dwellers. This study is intended to observe the possibility of using alternative materials to improve the performance of the existing buildings which have not followed the existing earthquake-resistant building code through the implementation of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) wrap on structural members. The strength and ductility enhancements of the columns retrofitted with external confinement using FRP are found when compared with the unconfined control column. The results indicated that the maximum loads of each confined columns have increased by 33.52, 54.97, 36.61, and 40.73 percent, respectively, for columns C-1G, C-1C, C-1RC, and C-1RG. The ductility of columns C-1C and C-1G have increased by 122.73 and 53.30 percent, but decreased by 15.24 and 66.31 for columns C-1RG and C-1RC when compared with the unconfined control column C-1, respectively. This is due to the unintended premature failure at the upper end of the column C-1G and an indication that the secondary fiber direction which was placed vertically has contributed to the longitudinal steel of C-1RC in increasing its capacity.


The utility model discloses a buckle type furniture connecting piece including a male buckle and a female buckle matching with each other, wherein the male buckle includes a male buckle base for mutual connection and a catch, and the female buckle comprises a female buckle base, a buckling groove arranged on the female buckle base from the upper end face of the female buckle base to the lower end face thereof, and a clamp groove arranged on the upper end face of the female buckle base, the opening of the buckling groove penetrating through the side end face of the clamp groove. The catch can be buckled up with the buckling groove and the clamp groove, and the wall of the buckling groove blocks and restricts the forward and backward movement of the catch on the female buckle base. The buckle type furniture connecting piece is simple in structure, and convenient for use. Seamless connection between plates can be realized without tools. Moreover, the buckle type furniture connecting piece is convenient and practical.


Objective: To explore the e ffect of health education on patients with fracture path average hospitalization time,complications and patient satisfaction with nursing work. Methods: 286 cases of fracture of inpatients were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, the observation group to implement the path of health education, the control group was given traditionalhealth education to patients, average days of hospitalization, postoperative liferegression time, complications and to nurses the work degree of satisfaction scoresas evaluation index. Results: In the observation group,the average days of hospitalization,postoperative life regression time, complications and other indicators were lower than the control group(P0.05),nursing job satisfactionscore is higher than that of the control group(P0.05). Conclusion:Health education path type education methods is a scientific,standardized,user-friendlyfor fracture patients,can effectively improve the effect of health education,improve patient care and job satisfaction.


During 2006 one hundred and three white veal calves slaughtered at an abattoir in Isernia (Italy) were examined for E. coli O157 intestinal carriage and carcass contamination, using Immuno-Magnetic Separation (IMS) and multiplex PCR. Faecal material before slaughtering and carcass samples, using sponge-bag, were collected. E. coli O157 isolates were found in 10 (9,71%) faecal and 9 (8,7%) carcass samples. PCR analysis showed that all the strains from faecal and from carcass samples carried eaeA, hlyA and stx2 genes, while five strains stx1 gene. The results confirm that the slaughter practices can largely influence the rate of E. coli O157 carcasses contamination and suggest that white veal calves meat could be an important risk for human health.


blurb, puts it fittingly: "[Randall Horton] writes like he is a contender for heavyweight poetry champion of the world." In every verse of this volume, the author's aesthetic jabs are present. However, Horton is not fighting for his own glory; rather he is writing as if the survival of future black generations depends on his every word—depends on the accurate rendering of African-American history—perhaps because, on the stage of our times, it does. —Truth Thomas


This paper describes the design and the implementation of QoS services in a high speed backbone network as well as a management tool for the service. The services were designed taking advantage of features provided by the MPLS technology and also by using the DiffServ architecture. The supported QoS services include the IP Premium that tries to provide zero packet loss as well as minimum delay and jitter and the less than best effort service. In addition we implemented a management tool for the service. The scope of this tool is to allow the users to manage their QoS requests (make a new one, edit, delete or view a request). Also the tool performs admission control and produces the necessary configuration that must be applied on the network in order to implement every service's request


With the growing popularity of symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs), shared-memory programming models have become more important. Of particular relevance to scienti c programmers will be those paradigms that can be used within message-passing codes. POSIX Threads (Pthreads) is one such shared-memory programming model. While only de ned for use within C programs, the Fortran API to Pthreads (FPTHRD) developed at the ERDC MSRC gives Fortran programmers access to the Pthreads library functions. During development of the Fortran API, small problems, focused on very speci c functionality, were coded and run to demonstrate the potential e ectiveness of Pthreads on numerical computations. Taking the next logical step, we have applied threaded and concurrent programming approaches to a complete, production-level application using the FPTHRD package on the SGI Origin 2000 at the ERDC MSRC. The code used in this study is a multiblock grid version of the Princeton Ocean Model (MGPOM) coastal ocean circulation model. This code uses MPI for processing individual grid blocks on separate processors and sharing of data between blocks. We describe the process used to modify the MGPOM code for concurrent computations within MPI processes. This includes pro ling to identify sections of code that could bene t from threading and dependency analysis of loops included within selected routines. Preliminary tests with only a single subroutine of the MGPOM code modi ed for threaded computation have shown a 15% speedup. Code modi cations to achieve these results took less than 15 minutes. We expect further execution time reductions as other routines are modi ed for concurrent execution. Practical Experiences with the Fortran Pthreads API Clay P. Breshears Phu Luong


The feasibility of using far‐infrared photoconductive magnetospectroscopy to accurately determine the positions of shallow donors in multiple quantum well samples grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy has been investigated and the technique successfully applied to silicon donors in quantum wells at doping levels below 2×1016 cm−3. Theoretical spectra calculated using a combined segregation and diffusion model for predicting donor position along with a theory of mapping donor 1s→2p+1 transition energies to magnetic fields are in good agreement with experimental spectra. A new value for the segregation decay rate, 3.1 nm/decade, is indicated for Si donors in wide GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells grown at a substrate temperature of 680 °C. This new tool which is effective in the doping range of 1×1014 to 2×1016 cm−3 complements capacitance–voltage (C–V) techniques and secondary ion mass spectrometry. The technique is also applicable to a variety of heterostructures.


Keats often imagines the poetic process (the way poetry is created or conceived) as a flight from reality to some dreamworld of imagination. At other times it seems an identification with and heightening of the concrete and actual. What mediates between these two apparently contradictory views of aesthetic experience are certain fundamental analogies borrowed from contemporary science, in particular chemistry, that underlie his whole view of the poetic imagination and its operation. Keats's favorite metaphors for poetic creation reveal how the imagination transmutes material phenomena or sensations into poetic or "essential" form in accordance with the principles of ethereal chemistry described by such a writer as Sir Humphry Davy and by a process remarkably akin to that of chemical distillation. The essential forms of poetry derive their reality both from the identity of material phenomena and the transforming power of the mind. Later, however, Keats's attitude toward this process undergoes a notable change. Thus the Hermes episode in Lamia can be read as a parody of his whole earlier sense of the poetic process and its authenticity. Keats's knowledge of and reliance on science becomes an integral part of the more ambivalent view of poetry that characterizes his later career.


We conducted experiments on a bridge to evaluate the ability of fiber optic inclinometers to detect changes in two kinds of vibration characteristics: the characteristic frequencies of steady-state vibration and the average maximum amplitude of impulsive vibrations caused by the passage of heavy vehicles. The experiments were performed on an I-beam girder bridge with tuned mass dampers. The dampers were turned on and off to change the target characteristics. The results showed that the changes in the target characteristics could be detected from the vibration measurements of the inclinometers. Fiber optic inclinometers are thus an effective tool for monitoring bridge health, not only in disaster situations but also under normal conditions.


Bengal light was among the earliest commercial sources of artificial lighting for photographic use, patented as Photogen in February 1857. Essentially, a pyrotechnic flare whose vital ingredient was saltpeter, it was mined by low caste laborers in Bengal, which had emerged as the leading global producer of saltpeter by the eighteenth century. Saltpeter was a coveted global commodity because it served as the primary material for the manufacture of gunpowder and also had wide-ranging industrial applications. Its use for photography provides an early instance of the commodification and trade in lighting technologies and materials, challenging dominant assumptions about photographic light as a freely available natural resource accessible to all. It asserts the presence of artificial lighting in early photography to contest invocations to the sun and divine light that dominate characterizations of the period. Finally, saltpeter ties early photographic lighting into a wider imperial trade of commodities for war, to further cement the analogies between the camera and the gun noted in many photographic studies. Encapsulated in its use is an imperial history of global trade that hinged on extraction of natural sources, colonial labor, and alliances between military and industrial technologies of light.


The Manin–Mumford conjecture asserts that if K is a field of characteristic zero, C a smooth proper geometrically irreducible curve over K, and J the Jacobian of C, then for any embedding of C in J, the set C(K)∩J(K)tors is finite. Although the conjecture was proved by Raynaud in 1983, and several other proofs have appeared since, a number of natural questions remain open, notably concerning bounds on the size of the intersection and the complete determination of C(K)∩J(K)tors for special families of curves C. The first half of this survey paper presents the Manin–Mumford conjecture and related general results, while the second describes recent work mostly dealing with the above questions. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 11G10, 11G30, 11G35, 14G25, 14H25, 14H40.


In recent years, wildfires have posed a significant challenge due to their increasing frequency and severity. For this reason, accurate delineation of burned areas is crucial for environmental monitoring and post-fire assessment. However, traditional approaches relying on binary segmentation models often struggle to achieve robust and accurate results, especially when trained from scratch, due to limited resources and the inherent imbalance of this segmentation task. We propose to address these limitations in two ways: first, we construct an ad-hoc dataset to cope with the limited resources, combining information from Sentinel-2 feeds with Copernicus activations and other data sources. In this dataset, we provide annotations for multiple tasks, including burned area delineation and land cover segmentation. Second, we propose a multitask learning framework that incorporates land cover classification as an auxiliary task to enhance the robustness and performance of the burned area segmentation models. We compare the performance of different models, including UPerNet and SegFormer, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach in comparison to standard binary segmentation.


The aim of this project is to attach a geometric structure to the ring of integers. It is generally assumed that the spectrum Spec(Z) dened by Grothendieck serves this purpose. However, it is still not clear what geometry this object carries. A.Connes and C.Consani published recently an important paper which introduces a much more complex structure called the arithmetic site which includes Spec(Z): Our approach is based on the generalisation of constructions applied by the rst author for similar purposes in non-commutative (and commutative) algebraic geom- etry. The current version is quite basic. We describe a category of certain representa- tions of integral extensions of Z and establish its tight connection with the space of elementary theories of pseudo-nite elds. From model-theoretic point of view the category of representations is a multisorted structure which we prove to be super- stable with pregeometry of trivial type. It comes as some surprise that a structure like this can code a rich mathematics of pseudo-nite elds.


......................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... ii Table of content ........................................................................................................... iii List of tables .............................................................................................................. viii List of figures ................................................................................................................ x CHAPTER 1: NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY ................................................. 1 1.


The social transformation in late Qing dynasty brought changes to the traditional merchants.They were active in the public social field and participated in new education and public affairs.They advocated constitutional politics and regional autonomy.In the revolution of 1911,they joined in the revolutionary activities,helped to keep the law and order.In the years after,they raised money for the military government and made their contribution to the revolution.


Abstract The location of oceanic fronts became important to the ocean community because sonar transmissions were distorted and disrupted at those locations. The oceanic fronts, including shelf-sea and river-plume fronts, are locations of higher than normal horizontal temperature and/or salinity gradients in ocean waters. For the detection of oceanic fronts, the Maritime Remote Sensing Experiment (MARSEN) programme included the NASA L- and S-band radiometer system on board the NASA P-3 aircraft from 30 August to 23 September 1979. The surface temperature and salinity measurements were concentrated to the freshwater outflows of the river Weser and Elbe in the German Bight. Three missions were conducted: 19, 22 and 23 September 1979. The values of salinity were plotted as a function of geographic position and contour maps of the salinity distribution were generated from the value plots. On 22 September 1979 during a noon flood-tide, two river-plume salinity fronts were detected when a body of water with high...


The oeuvre of Julio CortÁzar contains many facets of autoexoticism. In this essay, I engage with a few of his works to examine the notion of autoexoticism in two main aspects: first, the transformation of the self into the other self as a form; second, autoexoticists as those whose notion of the self inhabits their own desirous gaze. Textual examples in Cortázar's literature that illustrate the first aspect are ubiquitous. For instance, in his short story "Lejana" we observe the alteration of Alina Reyes into a beggar in Budapest as she envisages with increasing clarity in her diary, while living in Buenos Aires, another self in Budapest. Her obsession with and fervent desire for this other self culminates in a final metamorphosis into it. The metamorphosis is based on the narcissistic reduplication of her self. In other words, through the externalization and exoticization of her self, she assumes an autoexoticist one.


Abstract.  1. The relative importance of direct and indirect interactions in controlling organism abundance is still an unresolved question. This study investigated the role of the direct and indirect interactions involving ants, aphids, parasitoids, and the host plant Baccharis dracunculifolia(Asteraceae) on a galling herbivore Baccharopelma dracunculifoliae(Homoptera: Psyllidae).


Resolution Enhancement of Infrared Spectra of Biological Systems Peptide Backbone Conformation and Microenvironment of Protein Side Chains Raman and UV Resonance Raman Spectra of Proteins and Related Compounds Local Conformations and Polymorphism of DNA Duplexes as revealed by their Raman Spectra Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Structural Studies of Viruses, Nucleo-proteins and their Constituents Drug-Nucleic Acid Interactions Normal Analysis of Large Molecules of Biological Interest: Metalloporphyrins and Lumiflavin Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Flavins and Flavoproteins Resonance Raman Spectra of Reaction Intermediates of Heme Enzymes.


. In this paper, we obtain some results about the mean curvature integrals of the outer parallel convex body of constant width.


To clarify a key role of orbital degrees of freedom in the response of the many‐body electron state of correlated electrons to an external field, we investigate the real‐time dynamics in an eg‐orbital Hubbard model under applied electric fields by exploiting numerical techniques such as a time‐dependent density‐matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. The ground state without applying an electric field is found to be an antiferromagnetic/ferro‐orbital state. After we switch on an oscillating electric field, it gives rise to the creation of holon–doublon pairs when the frequency of the applied electric field exceeds a charge excitation gap. We argue that a pair‐hopping process yields a dynamical deformation of the orbital configuration.


As commercial software Propellerhead's Reason has received considerable acclaim and enjoys increased success in the marketplace. It has been successfully implemented in diverse classroom environments at a variety of levels – in spite of this there remains, in some circles, a degree of resistance against Reason, perhaps due to its unabashedly commercial nature. In practice Reason provides a compact yet flexible pedagogical environment in which one can introduce fundamental electronic music concepts clearly and effectively to the novice electronic music student.


To counter the insufficiency of numerical analysis for a long-span bridge pier top block, study of key factors of the numerical analysis such as unitselection, mesh generation, mesh density, model simplification, prestressed duct effects, and submodel selection scope was carried out. Compared with the test data, the conclusion is drawn that, the simulating accuracy of the higher order tetrahedron unit and the free mesh dividing are higher; when the prestressed duct is simplified to square-shaped duct, the normal stress is consistent with the principal compressive stress beyond the scope of 2 times of the radius range of the duct, and the principal tension stress is consistent with them beyond the scope of 3 times of the radius range of the duct; various key points stress tends to be consistent when length of the models is adopted twice 0 blocks high. The analysis method provides an important analysis method to the research of the spatial stress distribution in the bridge pier top block.


This paper presents the modular modeling approach adapted for the analysis of a cellular beam. These beams can be very useful for reducing the overall floor thickness in order to improve the Architectural design of a building. The cellular beam is made of a steel I-section with a total of 32 holes throughout its length. The finite element model of the beam is divided into 32 partitions and each partition is analyzed on a different processor. This partitioning method is based on a domain decomposition technique using dual partition super-elements. The analysis results are compiled and it is shown that with the help of the partitioning method, the nonlinear analysis of cellular beams has become more efficient and more accurate.


A measuring system of spectral and electric features of discharge lamps is given. The results of experiments showed that parameters of discharge lamps are subjected to considerable statistical straggling. Considered measurement system can be recommended to use in structure of production laboratories.


Sustainability analysis of waste management options for bio-waste and combustibles in a sparsely populated region : Poster presented at Avfallskonferansen in Trondheim 28.-29. April 2003.


In Augmented Reality applications it is important to have a good description of the surfaces of real objects if a consistent shading between real and virtual object is required. If such a description of a surface is not available it has to be estimated or approximated.


An algorithm about how to insert m-1 new knots evenly between every two adjacent knots in the initial uniform B-spline of degree n was preseuted.An explicit expression between the original basis functions of the n degree uniform B-spline curves and the new ones after inserting new knots was obtained.Furthermore,a new efficient subdivision rule for producing the uniform B-spline curve is derived based on the new expression between the old and new control points.


lidar system (104, 300, 400) comprising: a transmitter (310, 410) configured to emit a pulse of polarized light (108) towards a target (112, 136, 320, 420, 513) comprising a laser (412), and a polarizer (415) in optical communication with the laser (412), a receiver (330, 430) configured to collect light scattered from the target, comprising the scattered light pulse received comprising a first component and a second component, wherein the first component and the second component relative polarization difference therebetween; a first detector (435); a second detector (436), the first detector (435) and the second detector (436) each configured to receive at least one respective component of the received pulse of light scattered from the receiver; and an electronic timing (340, 440) coupled to each one of the first detector (435) and the second detector (436), wherein an output of the electronic timing (340, 440) comprises a calculation of a relative distance based on an amount of time between the respective components of the received pulse of scattered light, thereby achieving a resolution width subpulso time.


Introduction Varying spatial resolution is one of the characteristic properties of MR imaging when using nonlinear gradient fields for spatial encoding, as realised by PatLoc [1]. In the particular configuration of two orthogonal quadrupolar encoding fields as recently reported [2], voxel size is inversely proportional to the distance to the FOV centre. Compared to linear encoding, higher resolution is obtained at the periphery of the FOV at the cost of lower resolution at the centre. Currently, to improve object resolvability in the centre, the matrix size has to be increased. This requires a longer acquisition time, which is partly wasted for still higher, probably redundant, resolution at the FOV periphery and consequently lower local SNR. In this work we present an iterative reconstruction method for sub-sampled PatLoc data. Based on the property of varying voxel size, this sub-sampling strategy improves the local resolution at the centre, leading to shorter scan times for equivalent central resolution recovery. The method is demonstrated in 1D simulations and in real imaging of a vegetable phantom. Theory Conceptually, the proposed approach encodes the image in several iterations with varying FOVs and resolutions. For the sake of clarity the imaged object is assumed to have a limited spatial frequency spectrum. In the first step, the FOV is selected to cover the entire object and the resolution is chosen to correctly resolve the smallest structures at the periphery of the object. In the next step, the FOV is reduced to the edge of the area still correctly resolved in the first step and resolution is increased. Aliasing arising from the periphery of the object can be deterministically predicted based on the reconstruction of the first step. Iterations are repeated with an ever smaller FOV, step-by-step resolving the centre of the image. Fig. 1 describes the method in more detail, assuming a 1D phantom and one iteration step only. The non-uniformly sampled k-space allows extraction of n = 2 lines (S1, S2, Fig 1 a), each composed of N equidistant spaced k-space points, but with increasing Δki according to Δki = 2 × Δk1. The resulting FOV1 of the reconstructed spin density FT1 from line S1 covers the whole object. However, within the smaller FOV2 the spin density (FT2) is now resolved with double resolution. The relative size of the respective uniform voxels in encoding-space is indicated by the colour-coded bins. In order to replace the centre part of FT1 with the higher resolved FT2, aliasing resulting from parts outside of FOV2 has to be removed. To achieve this, the lower-resolved spin density FT1 is interpolated to match FT2 resolution via Fourier interpolation, as well as aliased to simulate FT2. This allows description of the aliasing by subtraction of both interpolated spin densities (Fig. 1 b). With this knowledge it is possible to eliminate the aliasing in the higher-resolved FT2 (Fig. 1 c). Now FT2 forms the centre part of the new spin density FT1new (Fig. 1 d). For n > 2, the iterative process starts with the spin reconstructions with smallest FOV, (FTn-1 & FTn), as multiple folded aliasing has to be refolded backwards. In order to allow an iterative procedure, the version FTnew with equal voxel size throughout, but interpolated side parts, has to be used. Due to the lower information content of the lateral voxels in encoding space, this can be done without significantly decreasing information content. This would not be possible in case of standard linear gradients. Methods 1D data simulation and reconstruction was performed using Matlab. The k-space line of a 1D phantom consisting of a series of Gaussian peaks was simulated for 8192 equidistant points, assuming an x encoding field. Up to n = 4 lines, each with N = 1024 data points, were extracted with increasing Δki as described above. Added noise in k-space corresponded to 0.1 % of the maximum k-space signal. For easier evaluation, folding of spin density due to the x field ambiguities was ignored within reconstruction. In addition, single-slice GE data (matrix: 512 × 512, slice thickness: 5 mm TR/TE: 500/16 ms, FA: 50°, BW: 100 Hz) was acquired on a Siemens 3T Tim Trio system, fitted with a quadrupolar gradient system [3]. To be able to ignore folding due to field ambiguities in this initial experiment, only half of the circular FOV with approx. 200 mm diameter was filled by the phantom. Sub-sampling followed in the time-consuming phase encoding direction only. For every of the 512 lines in raw data, n = 3 lines with N = 128 points were extracted for reconstruction. Results Fig. 2 shows the reconstructed spin density FTnew in image space, using up to n = 4 lines. Without sub-sampling (n = 1), the phantom in the lateral part of the FOV is highly resolved, whereas in the centre information is missing. With increasing iterations n, this part of the FOV is better resolved with each step. In contrast to standard imaging, to achieve comparable resolution in the centre, only (1+0.5(n-1)) N instead of 2 × N k-space points were necessary. Added noise in k-space only slightly influenced the quality of the iterative reconstruction. Fig. 3 presents the result of the first imaging experiments. Compared to Fig. 3 a) without any sub-sampling, in Fig. 3 b) and c) the increasing resolution towards the centre after one and two iteration steps is clearly visible. As varying voxel size requires an intensity correction of the images, the intrinsic lower SNR in the higher resolved regions becomes more apparent and indicates the borders of the individual FOVs. Discussion Analysis of simulated and experimentally acquired data showed that the presented subsampling strategy improves resolution in the centre of the FOV, thus achieving a more homogeneous image resolution in the case of quadrupolar encoding fields. Compared to the present alternative of acquiring a fully sampled k-space, this results in an acquisition time reduction of, for example, 31 % for n = 4. We expect further time saving by including receiver coil array encoding into the algorithm. Acknowledgement This work is a part of the INUMAC project supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, grant #13N9208 References [1] Hennig et al., MAGMA 2008, 21:5-14; [2] Schulz et al. ISMRM 2008, #786; [3] Welz et al., ISMRM 2009, # 3073 Fig. 1: Principle of sub-sampling strategy for n = 2 lines (S1, S2), each consisting of N = 4 points.


Short-term traffic speed prediction plays a key importance in urban traffic management and operation. The literature review indicates that lane-based short-term urban traffic forecasting is still rare. In this study, genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to optimize the input data sets for artificial neural network (ANN) models and locally weighted regression (LWR) models to achieve optimal prediction under various input and traffic settings. The GA designed ANN (GA-ANN) and GA designed LWR (GA-LWR) models are used to predict 5-minute short-term traffic speed for four lanes of an urban road. For the peak and off-peak time traffic speed prediction, both aggregate and disaggregate GA-ANN and GA-LWR models are developed and tested, with the former forecasting traffic Speed of every 5-min with a 30-min period (e.g., 7:25–7:55 am morning peak) and the latter for forecasting traffic speed of a particular 5-min of each weekday (7:25–7:30 am of Monday to Friday). In addition, for peak and off-peak traffic speed prediction, the GA-ANN disaggregate model results in most of average errors of 3–4% and most of the 95th percentile errors are lower than 8% for each of the four lanes. Meanwhile, for the peak and off-peak time traffic speed prediction, the GA-LWR disaggregate model results in most of average errors of 1–2% and most of the 95th percentile errors are lower than 4% for each of the four lanes. When compared to previous models that usually offer average errors more than 6–15%, such empirical findings should be interesting and instrumental for transportation authorities to put through their city-or state-wide ATIS.


Abstract

 C. sorghicola is an ergot pathogen of sorghum only found in Japan to date (2009). The risk of its spread and introduction is limited by the small amount of sorghum grown in Japan and by the lack of airborne secondary conidia. Sclerotia, which are known to germinate, are clearly distinct from, and larger than, seed and could be separated if necessary to prevent contamination of exports. The only alternate host identified to date is the closely related Sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii). The use of morphologically resistant cultivars of sorghum and Sudangrass, as well as early sowing, were found to control the disease.


Ethanol can be used as an alternate fuel in internal combustion engines. But extensive usage of ethanol is restricted because of its biomass limit. On the other hand methanol can be obtained from different bio-resources and has the potential to be used in engines. To limit the usage of ethanol, a model of ternary blends of Gasoline, Ethanol and Methanol (GEM) has been formulated equivalent to binary blend of Gasoline and Ethanol. The prepared ternary blends have identical Air Fuel ratio, Lower heating value and Octane number as binary blend. In the present work the influence of GEM blends in single cylinder, four stroke, and port fuel injection SI engine in terms of performance and emission parameters have been studied experimentally. The tests were conducted at constant engine torque of 7.5 Nm and vary the engine speeds from 1700 to 3300 rpm. The measured performance and emission values of binary blend E10 (G 90 E 10) and ternary blends E10_B1 (G 91.65 E 5 M 3.35), E10_B2 (G 92.5 E 2.5 M 5) were compared with pure gasoline, G. The results show that GEM blends have similar performance characteristics as binary blends and better compared to pure gasoline. Also exhaust emissions such as Carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) shows decreased values for binary and ternary blends compared to pure gasoline due to oxygenated nature of alcohol blended fuels.


This study wanted to find out the coping mechanisms of the academic and personal stressors of the Capitol University Working Students for the First Semester School Year 2006-2007. Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions: 1.What is the profile of the students in terms of their:  a.Age  b.Sex  c.Number of units taken 2.What are the common academic and personal stressors of the working students? What is the intensity level of their stressors? 3.What coping mechanisms do the working students of Capitol University manifest in terms of academic stressors? 4.What coping mechanisms do the working students of Capitol University manifest in terms of personal stressors?


The electron.cyclotren maser intraction is investigated for the case of a beam with γβ0 = n(γ-1), where n = Kc/ω. This choice makes the total beam kinetic energy available to the interaction (rather than only the transverse energy, as in the gyrotron). Study of the phase plots has identified the controlling combinations of the parameters. The interaction efficiency has been shown to depend on only throe reduced quantities, equivalent to beam energy, frequency mismatch, and interaction length, in terms of which the efficiency has boon calculated in all limits. The main features of the interaction include : (i) a high efficiency, in excess of 20%, with a very wide- choice in the parameters ; (ii) compatibility with highly relativistic beams ; (iii) a. cancellation of the relativistic gyrofrequency reduction by the Doppler shift; and, (iv) suitability for a wide cavity, which would allow a high input beam current. In summary, this interaction can be use-d for efficient generation of high power (20 MW) and sh...


The graft copolymer latex of chloroprene rubber(CR)/methyl methacrylate(MMA) was prepared by emulsion graft polymerization and then powdered with coagulation method.The adhesive was obtained by dissolving PCR-g-MMA in toluene.The effects of reaction conditions on the conversion of MMA,PCR-g-MMA solution in toluene and adhesion of PCR-g-MMA adhesive were investigated.The results showed that under the optimum conditions,the conversion of MMA reached nearly 100%.SEM analysis showed that there were many macroscopical and microcosmic interspaces both outer and inner of the particles,which made it easier to be washed and dried.Under the same conditions for complete dissolve,30~60min needed for PCR-g-MMA was just as 1/10 as that for sheet CR248.The adhesion of PCRg-MMA adhesive was influenced by the reaction conditions of CR/MMA emulsion graft polymerization.When sticked PCR-g-MMA adhesive to PVC artificial leathers,the original adhesion force and the peeling strength of the adhesive were 20.4N/2.5cm and 55 N/2.5cm respectively,which were as good as that made by the sheet CR248/MMA in graft polymerization solution.


This paper briefly introduces the important significance of the application of quantities bill in tender offer, and connecting with the concrete situation of current construction market practicing the tender without estimated lower limit on bids, probes further into the methods and strategies of adopting quantities bill in tender offer.


Refractory monolithics for steel ladle linings are typically products with low porosities and high bulk densities. They achieve high temperature, penetration, and corrosion resistance. Despite the high density of these products, which is due to the low porosity of the aggregates, their matrices still exhibit a high amount of pores. Since calcium magnesium aluminate (CMA) has already proven its resistance to penetration and corrosion as a binder in the matrix, this paper investigated if alumina spinel refractories containing microporous calcium magnesium aluminate aggregates can withstand conditions that occur in a steel ladle wall. The objective was to reduce the castable density with the advantage of a lower material requirement for a ladle lining and reduced heat and energy losses. This was achieved by replacing dense alumina aggregates by up to 38% of porous CMA aggregates (grains with 30 vol% porosity), which resulted in a bulk density reduction from 3.1 g/cm3 for the dense alumina castable to 2.8 g/cm3 for the 38% CMA aggregates containing castable. However, the despite the higher porosity, penetration, and corrosion resistance and thermomechanical properties were not impacted negatively for a model alumina spinel castable. A postmortem investigation was conducted on a newly developed dry-gunning mix that was installed in a steel ladle wall on top of a slag penetrated castable and that achieved a service life of 31 heats versus only 18 heats for the reference mix that contained dense alumina and spinel aggregates. This new repair mix contained the newly designed porous CMA aggregates, which in this case partly replaced the dense alumina and spinel aggregates. These porous aggregates consisted of magnesium aluminate and calcium aluminate micro-crystals. The postmortem study revealed two important phenomena that can explain the improved performance: at the hot face in contact with steel and slag, a thin densified zone was observed that blocked the slag penetration into the porous matrix and the porous aggregates. Iron oxides were almost completely blocked from penetration, and only some manganese oxide was observed in the penetrated zone together with some silica and lime from the slag. Clusters of calcium aluminate (CA6) and magnesium aluminate (MA) spinel build the refractory back-bone on the hot side of the material and gussets filled with mostly glassy calcium aluminum silicates close to the hot face and gehlenite further inside the penetrated zone. Alumina grains had a reaction rim consisting of CA2 or CA6 and a very intimate connection to the surrounding matrix unlike the CMA-free mix that showed micro cracks around the alumina grains. At the colder side, the gunning mix with CMA aggregates showed a very good connection to the substrate, supported by a hercynite formation in the gunning mix resulting from a cross-reaction with remains of iron oxide on the CMA containing repair mix. Furthermore, macroscopic observations of a CMA aggregate containing alumina magnesia castable in the metal zone of a steel ladle revealed that macro cracks developed only very slowly, which resulted in a superior service life.


This study investigates how framing and the interaction with involvement influences responses toward a help campaign. There could be two possible predictions about the results of framing. One is that, because helping is a risk avoidance behaviors, the positive framing would dominant or the other is that, because helping is mainly mediated by negative emotions such as sadness or guilty, the negative framing would be preferred. The present research was to solve the conflicting predictions and was conducted with a experimental design. The participants were exposed to a campaign emphasizing either positive aspects of the help or negative contexts which would be maintained without any help. The results were that the main effect of framing was not existent, but the significant interaction with involvement on responses was found. The interaction of framing and involvement, though, included unexpected inconsistency between the results of attitude and behavioral intention. The theoretical and practical meanings of the results were discussed.


The low employability gave expression to the lack of practical ability,which was caused by the weak practice teaching and the unsatisfactory teaching effectiveness,and as so far.The interactive teaching mode used multi-media teaching methods to achieve communication between teaching and learning,stimulate the initiative of both teachers and students.It did not only improve the effectiveness of experimental teaching,but also improved their employability.


The peacekeeping contingent has to be ready for equipment inspection to maintain the images of the nation and army.The experiences of the contingent for equipment inspection are summarized,with relative principle,way and content of UN taken into consideration.


The apoplast is the site of infection for many important bacterial crop pathogens, including the model pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). The chemical environment within the plant apoplast can determine the outcome of bacterial infection and the composition of this compartment is known to change in response to the presence of invading organisms. However, this metabolically dynamic environment has received little attention in the literature, and even less is known about how metabolites in the apoplast influence the expression of virulence genes. In this study, several aspects of the metabolic context of virulence were assessed. First, a broad-scale analysis of the tomato apoplast was undertaken, which identified metal ions, sugars, organic acids and amino acids, the most abundant of which was the non-protein amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The impact these components had on the expression of virulence genes and metabolism in Pst DC3000 were then tested. Components such as fructose and aspartate caused high levels of virulence gene expression which correlated with the accumulation of intracellular glutamate, whereas repressive components, such as GABA and threonine, resulted in lower glutamate levels. Second, metabolic flux analysis showed that Pst DC3000 underwent major changes in central carbon metabolism in response to virulence gene inducing conditions. The identification of altered internal metabolism in Pst DC3000 cells expressing virulence genes led to the conclusion that Pst DC3000 may understand its external environment by sensing intracellular metabolites or metabolic fluxes. Third, the role of GABA assimilation in virulence was explored, and it was found that high internal GABA levels resulted in virulence gene repression. In addition, previously unidentified mechanisms for GABA uptake and transport were detected by the use of a novel 'unlabelling' experiment.


Entity relation extraction is a crucial step towards constructing knowledge graph. Most of the current researches on entity relationship extraction focus on joint extraction in terms of entities and relationships. However, due to that the context information respectively from entities and relationships is very different, existing joint extraction approaches often suffer from the information noise caused by both them, which may significantly affect the performance of the whole model and bring about a lower efficacy in extracting relationships. In this paper, we proposed an end-to-end relation extraction method, which uses a text representation enhanced pretraining model and fuses span information for entity relation extraction. We use the BERT model to pre-train the datasets from power project management. In order that the output of BERT contains as much contextual knowledge as possible, the external knowledge is embedded into a vector representation and further spliced into the token embeddings in the BERT input for downstream tasks. Then, we respectively use the Span-level NER method to extract all possible fragment arrangements, and SoftMax to judge the entity type of each Span. At last, when performing relation extraction, the entity boundary and types are taken as identifiers and further added into the front and end of entity span, which is used as the input of the relational model for predicting the possible relationship between the pair of spans. Experiments were made on the power project management dataset, and the results show that entity types can provide very important information for relation extraction, and the performance of the proposed method is also competitive against the state-of-the-art entity-relationship joint extraction method.


The headwear 1 includes a platform member 9 for supporting a headset apparatus 2. The platform member 9 has an orifice 10A, 10B therein shaped to be placed adjacent and to surround an ear of the wearer to expose the ear though the orifice. The platform member 9 has one platform part 9A moveable relative to another platform part 9B to releasably hold at least a part of the headset apparatus 2 between the two platform parts, thereby to detachably attach the headset apparatus to the platform member.


This study examines differences in individual decision making between children and adults using a paired lottery choice experiment. A lottery choice experiment involves selecting between two options, one with a small difference in payoffs and one with a large difference in payoffs, for each of ten decisions with increasing probability of obtaining the higher payoff. Based on subject decisions, risk preferences can be inferred. Particular attention is given to age and gender differences. The main result reveals that children choose significantly fewer "safe" lotteries than adults on average. Specifically, children act as risk-seeking in low winning percentage lotteries. There is no significant difference in safe choices between genders in both samples. These findings can prove to be an important asset when developing policies to curb hazardous behavior in children.


Abstract Carclaze tin mine was an open pit operation which exploited a massive cassiterite-bearing greisen-bordered quartz-tourmaline vein stockwork, straddling the granite margin near St Austell. It became a 'must-see' location for visitors to Cornwall from all over Europe in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, particularly those interested in the then-fashionable pursuits of geology and mineralogy. Intellectually, the early scientific interest in Carclaze can be seen as part of the Enlightenment, but in the nineteenth century the influence of Romanticism can also be detected. Much of the attraction was due to the openness and accessibility of Carclaze pit, which allowed the geology to be easily appreciated. This resulted in the development of the mine being particularly well documented by a large number of contemporary accounts and illustrations, which has also enabled an early, partly underground, canal to be rediscovered. The earliest account was by the Frenchman M. Jars who visited the pit in 1765; this was followed by accounts by other French geotourists from the early to mid-nineteenth century. The Germans Von Oeynhausen and Von Dechen provided the first geological map and cross-section of the pit in 1829. Accounts by local Cornish authors emphasize that Carclaze was a significant 'sight' for visitors. The earliest account of the pit by an English geologist was by Adam Sedgwick in 1822; in later publications he speculated on the formation of parallel vein swarms and schorl rock, partly based on his observations in Carclaze Old Tin Pit. De la Beche provided a pen-and-ink sketch of the south face of the pit in 1839. There are also many accounts by non-scientific visitors throughout the nineteenth century and, together with published lithographs, these are particularly helpful in describing and showing the methods of mining. Tin extraction from the Old Tin Pit had practically ceased by the mid-nineteenth century as production switched to china clay from new pits to the north. The historic south face of the Old Tin Pit, as illustrated by De La Beche, has survived into the twenty-first century and has been designated a County Geology Site by the Cornwall Geoconservation Group, although it is now threatened by housing and industrial development proposals.


Funding Sources CG Alvarez Campano's PhD studies are funded by the Mexican Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) and the Institute of Innovation and Technology Transfer (I2T2), grant number 457349. Acknowledgments This paper is based on a Cochrane Review published in The Cochrane Library 2019, Issue 6 (see www.thecochranelibrary.com for information). Cochrane Reviews are regularly updated as new evidence emerges and in response to feedback, The Cochrane Library should be consulted for the most recent version of the review.


Learning is the driving force for sustainable development of industrial clusters.This paper defines learning of industrial clusters and presents its network-learning paradigm.Then we analyse learning behavior of industrial clusters from different characteristics such as culture,stability,the approach of knowledge diffusion and team learning etc.


Objectives: Low Dose Fractionated Radiotherapy –LDFRT (dose < 100 cGy) induces enhanced cell killing in-vitro via hyper-radiation sensitivity(HRS) phenomenon, but has not been utilized clinically. Aim: A novel treatment approach, to Radio-sensitise induction chemotherapy using the above(HRS) phenomenon, was designed utilizing neoadjuvant LDFRT and chemotherapy (CMT) for locally advanced SCCHN. Materials and Methods: 30 patients with locally advanced SCCHN were prospectively treated with induction paclitaxel (175mg/m2), carboplatin (AUC 6), and four 80 cGy fractions of radiation (XRT) (BID on Day 1 and 2). This sequence was repeated on Days 22 and 23. Patients were evaluated for response by clinical exam, endoscopy& imaging and the response rate was tabulated, Further definitive therapy was determined based on response to induction Statistical analysis used:fischer test Results : The median age,of the 30 enrolled patients was 56 years, and 24 of the patients were male. Primary tumor sites were(12) 40% oropharynx, 9(29%) larynx, 5(17%) oral cavity, 4(14%) hypopharynx,. The overall stage was 23.4 % III, 76.6% IV. overall response rate (RR)was excellent, for the 2 cycles of induction including both primary &nodal region the RR was 82 %.Toxicity profile was grade2 & 3 hemotological, grade 1&2 mucositis, no grade 4 toxicity, toxicity was acceptable, all patients completed the scheduled treatment without interruption Conclusions: Initial response rates using LDFRT with carboplatin and paclitaxel as an induction regimen for locally advanced SCCHN were promising; Acute toxicity was less than that seen in 3 drug induction regimens, This Regimen has resulted in better response rates compared to conventional induction regimens with acceptable toxicity. However, Longer follow up , and a phase III randomised study with more no. of patients is required to further validate this study.


Exercise is recognized as one of the optimal managements for chronic low back pain. Among the numerous therapeutic exercises, the approaches of traditional strengthening exercise and segmental stabilization exercise are considerably different. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the two different exercise approaches, on chronic low back pain through evaluating previous randomized control trial (RCT) studies. Pain, functional ability and physical improvement were analyzed to evaluate the recovery from chronic low back pain. While both exercises demonstrated positive effects on pain relief, functional ability and physical improvement, the evidence level of the strengthening exercise studies was not strong enough because of some methodological flaws. On the other hand, the methodological superiority of the segmental stabilization exercise studies provided high quality evidence. Another positive aspect of the segmental stabilization exercise studies was the significant long-term effect on low back pain and its low recurrence rate. Considering the overall evidence level, the segmental stabilization exercise seems to be more effective than the traditional strengthening exercise on chronic low back pain. However, the number of studies related to the segmental stabilization exercise is currently limited, therefore more direct comparative RCT studies including many other exercise approaches are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of the segmental stabilization exercise.


FOREIGN investment, mostly from the United States, fueled the rapid growth of the Mexican economy under the regime of Porfirio Díaz. By 1910, foreigners had invested well over a billion dollars in Mexico's railroads, mines, and a variety of other undertakings. At the core of the expansion and development of foreign investment was the connection between foreign entrepreneurs and the native elite. This association, worked out over three decades, greatly affected the economic, political, and social development of the nation. The relationship between native elite and foreign entrepreneurs was based on three sets of factors. First, the native elite controlled both the government which in Mexico, on all levels, played an important role in the success or failure of any enterprise and, through their ownership of much of the nation's land and mines, the rich natural resources which foreign enterpreneurs sought to develop. Second, the native elite was willing to permit foreigners to develop the nation's resources, to participate in a wide range of economic activities, and to dominate certain sectors of the economy, such as mining. The native elite allowed this, because on one hand, one group within the elite, the cientificos, was ideologically committed to the modernization of the country and saw foreign investment as the quickest and most efficient method to modernize and, on the other hand, the traditional groups within the elite saw foreign investment as a means to increase their own incomes (through bribes, commissions, and the sale of their property) and to preserve their traditional privileges. The only conceivable alternative to the development of the nation's economy through foreign investment would have been through the expansion of direct government participation in the economy, but this would have required (apart from an implausible ideological reorientation towards the discredited conservatism of an earlier era or the exotic doctrines of European socialism) a considerable redistribution of the nation's wealth (through taxation and other means of "forced" savings) to the disadvantage of the elite. The development of Mexico's economy through foreign investment did not disturb the political status quo. Third and finally, foreign entrepreneurs had both the capital and technological know-how to develop the nation's resources, neither of which was present in Mexico.


The invention discloses a bactericidal composition containing benzovindiflupyr. The bactericidal composition contains an active component A and an active component B, wherein the active component A is benzovindiflupyr, and the active component B is selected from any one of the compounds: zoxamide and silthiopham, and the active component A and the active component B are in a weight ratio of 1:70-70:1. The composition provided by the invention has a synergistic effect on a variety of diseases harmful to agricultural production, reduces pesticide dosage, reduces the pesticide residue on crops, alleviates environmental pollution, is safe to people and livestock, has good environment compatibility, and is not easy to generate drug resistance in diseases.


Hepatits C virus (HCV) rates have lowered due to direct‐acting antiviral treatment. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising with no available therapy. We employed text‐mining to analyze trends in HCV and NAFLD research from the past two decades.


High performance flight control systems based on the nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI) principle require highly accurate models of aircraft aerodynamics. In general, the accuracy of the internal model determines to what degree the system nonlinearities can be cancelled; the more accurate the model, the better the cancellation, and with that, the higher the performance of the controller. In this paper, a multivariate simplex spline based NDI control system is presented which is applied to control a high performance aircraft (F-16) with a large flight envelope. Simplex splines have a much higher approximation power than ordinary polynomial models, and are capable of accurately modelling nonlinear aerodynamics over the entire flight envelope of an aircraft. The new control approach is applied to a high-fidelity F-16 simulation model. The simulation results indicate that the simplex spline based NDI controller can achieve perfect feedback linearization through the entire flight envelope, and as a result provide accurate global tracking performance.


— A prototype of proton counter was developed by the University and the National Institute for Nuclear Physics of Torino to be used as online fluence beam monitor in particle therapy. The single particle identification approach aims at increasing the sensitivity and readout speed with respect to the state-of-the-art gas ionization chambers. The sensitive area is 2,7×2,7 cm 2 to cover the clinical beam cross section characterized by a full width at half maximum of about 1 cm at the isocenter. The sensor is a thin Low Gain Avalanche Diode segmented in 146 strips with 180 um pitch and with 50 μm active thickness, designed and produced by the Fondazione Bruno Kessler (Trento, Italy). The frontend readout to identify the single proton signal provided by each strip is based on a 24-channel custom ASICs, named ABACUS, optimized to discriminate the signal pulses in a wide charge range (3-150 fC) with a maximum dead-time of 10 ns. With these specifications, at the maximum fluence rate of 10 8 p/(cm 2 ⸱ s) in the clinical energy range (60-230 MeV) and considering the silicon strips described above, a maximum pileup counting inefficiency < 1% is achieved. A frontend board housing 6 ABACUS chips to readout the 146 strips was developed, the digital outputs being sent to 3 FPGAs (Kintex7) for the counting. A LabVIEW program implements the interface with the FPGAs, displays online the counting rate from each strip and stores the data for offline analysis. The proton counter data acquisition system will be presented and the preliminary performances in terms of baseline uniformity, noise, linearity with charge, efficiency with pulse rate and data throughput will be reported.


OBJECTIVE
This research examined whether deficits in premorbid functioning are associated with a vulnerability to psychosis in unipolar major depressive disorder.

METHOD
A group of 92 inpatients with unipolar major depression were assessed for premorbid functioning and psychotic symptoms during an index hospitalization. They were prospectively assessed for psychotic symptoms 2.0 and 4.5 years after hospital discharge.

RESULTS
The psychotic depressed patients had significantly poorer premorbid functioning--particularly, adolescent social functioning--than the nonpsychotic depressed patients. Longitudinal analyses indicated that poor premorbid social adaptation was significantly associated with the emergence of psychosis during the follow-up period in depressed patients who had not been psychotic as inpatients.

CONCLUSIONS
Factors related to a vulnerability to psychosis among patients with major depression are present even years before the onset of overt psychotic symptoms. The data could support the view that impaired premorbid functioning is one manifestation of prepsychotic processes that constitute an underlying diathesis for psychotic episodes during the longitudinal course of unipolar major depression. These findings are consistent with other emerging findings pointing to early developmental deficits in patients who subsequently develop psychotic disorders.


There are an information input device and an input method is disclosed for it. The information input device includes: a housing, a rotary input device, comprising a rotatable wheel, and is internally fixed to the housing, wherein the entire surface of the wheel is accessible from outside of the housing and the rotary input device is capable of entering information by means of rotation of the wheel, an optical Mpodul that is internally fixed to the housing and detects movement of the housing, and a cable which is connected to an external device and transfers the information entered from the rotary input device that detected by the optical module information to the external device. With the help of such an information input device information may be entered by means of rotation of the wheel. Since the information input device has a low volume, it offers convenient portability.


The structural, optical, and electrical properties of undoped and Be doped lattice matched InGaAs–InAlAs multiple quantum well structures, grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at low (∼250 °C) and normal (∼450 °C) growth temperatures, have been investigated in detail. Double crystal x-ray diffraction studies showed that the thickness of the low temperature (LT) grown quantum well (QW) layers decrease with post growth annealing, while the normal temperature grown QW layers retain their initial thickness. This behaviour is associated with the As precipitation and is the first evidence and report of a direct observation of this phenomenon in LT InGaAs–InAlAs QWs. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements revealed signs of optical activities in the LT undoped and lower doped structures suggesting that the native defects in LT InGaAs–InAlAs are not sufficient to completely inhibit band to band recombination. Optimal combination of doping, including a modulation doped structure, and post growth anne...


Objective: To determine the prevalence of the unmet need for contraception in terms of spacing birth for a sample of married women of reproductive age (15-49 years) working in tertiary care and Identify underlying factors of unmet need for contraception in same age group.
Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed forces postgraduate medical institute (AFPGMI), from Apr 2018 to Jan 2019.
Methodology: This study was conducted in tertiary care hospital after taking ethical approval from institutional ethical review board. With anticipated Prevalence of unmet need for contraception of 25%, 95% level of confidence and margin of error 0.05, sample size calculated for the study by using Epi info was 317 married women of reproductive age. Two class "A" Military hospitals out of total ten were selected by convenientmethod. From the selected hospitals, 317 women of reproductive age, sample size collected by non-probability consecutive method. The data was collected through a preformed questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed through SPSS version 22. Frequency of women with unmet need for contraception was calculated. Mean and Standard deviations were calculated for numerical data like age. Frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables. Chi square test was applied to find out significant difference if existed. A p-value less than 0.05 were taken as significant.
Results: Total 317 women were included in the study having mean age of 26.48 ± 6.25 years. The prevalence of unmet need of contraception for spacing among health care providers in tertiary care hospital was 7.2%. More than half of the respondents (55.8%) in the study had 1-2 alive male issues. Husband or in laws opposition was significantly associated with unmet need of contraception in terms of spacing childbirth (p≤0.001). Men'sawareness raising techniques by reproductive health care providers are likely to improve in existing conditions. In our study the desire for male child was also significantly associated with unmet need for spacing child birth (p≤0.001). Perception of respondents regarding acceptance of spacing child birth in religion is significantly related with the unmet need for contraception in terms of spacing (p≤0.001).
Conclusion: The study concluded that the factors associated with unmet of contraception were husband or in laws opposition, non-acceptance of contraceptive use in religion and desire for male child.


This article presents the multi-disciplinary wind turbine analysis and optimization tool HawtOpt2 that is based on the open-source framework OpenMDAO, and interfaces to several state-of-the art simulation codes, which allows for a wide variety of problem formulations and combinations of models. In this article simultaneous aerodynamic and structural optimization of a 10 MW wind turbine rotor is carried out with respect to material distribution and outer shape. A set of optimal designs with respect to mass and AEP are presented, which shows that an AEP biased design can increase AEP with 1.5% while a mass biased design can achieve mass savings of up to 20% compared to the baseline DTU 10MW RWT. A newly developed frequency-domain based fatigue model is used to minimise fatigue damage, which achieves up to 8% reduction in the tower bottom fore-aft fatigue damage, with only limited reductions of the aerodynamic performance or increased mass.


?The bloody sacrifices reported by messengers in Euripidean theater show objects associated with sacrificial rituals. Are they "ritual objects" in their own right or do they receive this quality when they are introduced into ritual space? I shall show their close relationship with the tragic context. I want to demonstrate how Euripides selects them to emphasize the signification of sacrifice in each dramatic action.?


OBJECTIVE
To introduce the application of polymer material, chitosan, in the cartilage tissue engineering.

METHODS
The recent original articles on the application of chitosan in cartilage tissue engineering were extensively reviewed. The biocompatibility and biodegradation characters of chitosan and its application were analysed.

RESULTS
Chitosan has a high degree of biocompatibility and a favorable chondrogenic characteristic. It can support the maintenance of the phenotypic morphology of chondrocytes besides being used as a scaffold for cell growth.

CONCLUSION
The perspective of the application of chitosan in cartilage tissue engineering is hopeful.


Reversible oxidation of the biologically active corticosteroids to the inactive 11‐dehydrocorticosteroids is catalyzed by 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD). The properties of the enzyme based on clinical observations of individuals with defective 11βHSD expression, and laboratory studies of the properties and behavior of the enzyme, are consistent with separate 11β‐dehydrogenase and 11‐oxoreductase species. However, recombinant enzyme expressed in mammalian cells retain both activities, leading to the conclusion that 11βHSD is a unique, reversible enzyme. 11βHSD is present in most tissues, but its specific functions in most tissues are unknown. How the enzyme may mediate corticosteroid‐receptor interaction is illustrated by studies using kidney, testis, and brain. In kidney, 11βHSD prevents glucocorticoids from competing inappropriately with aldosterone for mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Lack of enzyme in humans due to natural causes or inhibition by pharmacological agents results in maximum activation of MR by glucocorticoids, leading to the clinical symptoms of apparent mineralocorticoid excess. Leydig cells of the testes synthesize testosterone, a process that is suppressed by events initiated by the binding of corticosteroid to glucocorticoid receptors (GR). Depletion of active steroid mediated by 11βSHSD may initiate testosterone production at puberty and affect testosterone production during adult life, as for example during periods of stress. The heterogeneous distribution of MR and GR in the brain reflects the specific regional effects of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids on neural function. Colocalization of 11βHSD and corticosteroid receptors in brain may be important in controlling the specificity of corticosteroid interaction with GR and MR. The patterns of 11βHSD‐steroid‐receptor interaction illustrated with these three tissues may provide models applicable to other tissues in which corticosteroid receptors and 11βHSD coexist.— Monder, C. Corticosteroids, receptors, and the organ‐specific functions of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. FASEB J. 5: 3047‐3054; 1991.


Abstract of the field research activities carried out in Pena Negra during 1986. From the architectonic point of view, the most relevant discovery was a round house from the Last Bronze Age. There are also new pottery forms, "grafited pottery", three principal groups of imported wheel-made pottery, new potter-marks on amphoras and a "coin-ingot" in the deposit from the Last Bronze Age.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Let me start at the beginning and thank my parents. They provided a glorious childhood for me and my siblings in a small town in northern Utah. They are extremely diligent and humble, and they raised their family to appreciate traditional Christian values. No matter where my career leads, if I can only duplicate their success with their children, then I will have no regrets. Thank you Mom and Dad. Next, I want to say thank you to my Ph. Steve hired me into his group at a time when most faculty probably wouldn't have been willing to take on new students. So Steve, thank you for letting me join the group, for guiding me in my research, for opening up the world to me, for teaching me to write, for letting me teach your class on occasion, and for involving me with Whisper Communications. I will always be grateful for the many diverse experiences that made up my Ph.D., and you were the driving force behind nearly all of them. Also, a very sincere thank you to the members of my Ph.D. dissertation committee: I appreciate the time you spent serving on my committee and the guidance you provided one-on-one to me. In that same vein, I should thank the other faculty at you João for helping me discover a meaningful problem and publish it within three months. Thank you also for picking me, my family, and our eight suitcases up from the airport, for helping us find a place to live, for taking us to the beach, for feeding us pancakes, and for entertaining us with your family symphony. iv During the last two years of my Ph.D., I started working with some of the best people I know in a very cool start-up company called Whisper Communications. Thank you Steve, Jeff, Cenk, and Demijan. I learned a lot from each one of you, and will always call you my friends. Gerhard. Thanks for reading my bills for me and telling me how to pay them (Fausto), helping me find contact solution (also Fausto), taking me to Bola em Jogo for futebol, teaching me about Portugal, and, of course, solving research problems with me. Although I appear to be the last of the McLaughlins for now, I still assert that our research group was very active and productive. Some of my best friends from my years at …


To provide a laser beam micro smoothing for the present invention the laser annealing system. Laser beam micro smoothing involves while fixedly held substantially the scanning direction of a laser beam shifts the laser beam in a direction perpendicular to the scanning direction of the laser annealing system. By shifting the laser beam in this manner in a direction perpendicular to the scanning direction, the small inhomogeneities in the characteristics of the laser beam to smooth, to prevent the stripes related to the prior art laser annealing system occurs . .Field


Forty six individuals out of 200 Acronicta rumicis larva were parasitized (23 %) in 2000, 14 individuals out of 60 (23.33 %) in 2001, and 14 individuals out of 62 (22.58 %) in 2002. The mean parasitism rate was . The parasitism rate was 36.36 % in May and 52.78 % in October, 2000, 75 % and 50% in May and October 2001, 71.4% and 47.37% in May and October 2002 and it was much higher than other months. Parasitism was occurred from May to October 2000, but it was not in June and August 2001 and June 2002. There was no difference in the monthly mean parasitism rate, but the rate was the highest in May and October. The parasitoid of the larva of A. rumicis was the highest by 77.02% of parasitic wasps, and 13.51% of parasitic flies. It was found that multiparasitism was 4.05 % and hyperparasitism was 5.41 %. In case of parasitic wasps whose parasitism rate is the highest, the rate of Braconidae and Ichneumonidae was 70.18 % and 29.82 % respectively. That is, the former has much higher parasitism rate. The parasitism rate of the larva of A. rumicis was found that Microplitis sp. is , Glyptapanteles liparidis , and Diadegma sp. respectively.


There is a great need for mental health care in the United States. The National Comorbidity Survey Replication estimated that over a quarter of adults in the U.S. were diagnosed with a mental disorder between 2001 and 2003. In 2001, the California Center for Health Statistics reported that roughly 16 percent of the State's adults were diagnosed with a mental disorder. Given this demand for mental health care, it is important to assess whether there is a sufficient mental health workforce in the state.


South Korea's rapid economic development since the 1960s has transformed it from an impoverished agrarian economy to a prosperous industrial economy in less than half a century. But with the era of rapid growth having come to an end, its economy is suffering from stagnant GDP and wage growth. The loss of economic momentum has induced a deep crisis of confidence among the Korean people about whether Korea can achieve its long-held goal of joining the first tier of advanced industrial countries. This essay first examines how the economic slowdown and the daunting nature of the reforms that are needed to restore growth in the face of a maturing Korean economy have caused Koreans to question themselves and their identity. It then looks at the prospects for successful economic revitalization by showing how Koreans have acted in the face of similar challenges in their recent history.


Purpose – To examine how personality dispositions of Nigerian politicians predict their attitude to the wellbeing of citizens.Design/methodology/approach – A survey research was embarked that engaged 185 political aspirants to various electoral positions in the 2003 Nigerian elections. Respondents were administered a standardized psychological instrument that measures four personality attributes – needs for achievement, affiliation, dominance, and autonomy. They also responded to another standardized instrument that measures attitude to wellbeing of people.Findings – Hierarchical multiple regression analyses conducted showed that gender and age are significant predictors of politicians' attitudes to wellbeing of the people. Male and younger politicians are more favorably disposed to people's wellbeing than female and older politicians. Among the personality attributes only need for achievement significantly accounted for variations in attitude to people's wellbeing. Specifically, the lower politicians are...


Due to the growing complexity of todays technical systems optimization is becoming an important issue within the design phase. The applicability of optimization algorithms in automatic design processes is strongly dependent on the stopping criterion. It is important that the optimum is reliably found but furthermore no time or computational resources should be wasted. Therefore a run time analysis is conducted for several promising stopping criteria. Amongst others a new criterion incorporating a quicksort algorithm is examined. In former work it proved to be particularly beneficial with regards to the needed number of function evaluations for Particle Swarm Optimization. However, it is considered to produce additional computational effort because of the sorting. An estimation of the complexity of the stopping criteria calculations supports this assumption. Nevertheless, the results of the run time analysis confirm that the new criterion is the best choice for Particle Swarm Optimization, especially when optimizing real-worlds problems with computationally expensive objective functions. As most technical systems require complex simulations this assumption is generally met. For Differential Evolution a simpler criterion is sufficient.


There are no previous studies on the use of abatacept in patients with chronic hepatitis B. This medical record review assessed the safety and efficacy of abatacept in 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic hepatitis B.


Objective To provide the experimental data for standard establishment and ergonomics research on manned spaceflight displays basing on relation of six effect factors to function of human-machine system as displaying with LCD,and the best factor-level-composition is chosen.Methods An experimental system was developed.The orhoganal experiment means was adopted.Twenty subjects were asked to finish three tasks: to view parameters of the whole screen interface,to seek local parameters,to identify the fault events quickly.Three indices: reaction time,error times and times of unable to recognize were analyzed.Results The indices were much different for different factors at different levels.According to the indices of mean reaction time,extreme difference of view-angle was the lowest and view-distance the highest.Conclusion The order of the display effects of different factors on human-machine system is successively: viewdistance,illuminant level,character height,color of character/background and viewangle.


Retraction: "Potential Role of Long Non‐Coding RNA ANRIL in Pediatric Medulloblastoma Through Promotion on Proliferation and Migration by Targeting miR‐323," by Hong Zhang, Xiuli Wang, Xinxin Chen, J Cell Biochem. 2017; 4735‐4744: The above article, published online on 17 May 2017 in Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcb.26141), has been retracted by agreement between the journal's Editor in Chief, Prof. Dr. Christian Behl, and Wiley Periodicals LLC.


Background and Purpose. To describe the prevalence and characteristics of the use of standardized patients (SPs) in APTA‐accredited physical therapist education programs. SPs are commonly used in medical school curricula; however, the prevalence and characteristics of their use in physical therapist education programs are unknown. Subjects. 197 US and Canadian physical therapist education programs. Methods. In fall 2005, a survey addressing the utilization of SPs was mailed to 197 US and Canadian physical therapist education programs. Respondents answered survey questions regarding the integration of SPs into their curriculum and the educational goals associated with the use of this teaching method. For those not using SPs, the survey addressed possible factors influencing this decision. These respondents were also queried regarding their awareness of the applicability of SPs as a teaching method. Finally, all respondents were asked if they were interested in learning more about SPs. Results. The response rate was 78%. Thirty percent of respondents reported using SPs in their curriculum, and, of those not using SPs, 76% expressed interest in utilizing this teaching method. Over the past 5 years, SP use in physical therapist education programs has more than doubled. Based on results from this survey, respondents most commonly cited using SPs to teach and/or evaluate interview skills and musculoskeletal testing and treatment. Restrictions of funds and constraints on faculty time were cited as the most common factors contributing to the non‐use of SPs. Conclusions. In 2005, SPs were being used in almost one third of physical therapist education programs, and survey results suggest that the usage of this teaching method is increasing. These survey results can be used to help guide educators regarding the future development and implementation of SPs in physical therapist education programs.


Nitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere of Paspalum notatum, variety "Batatais", associated with Azotobacter paspali and sugar cane associated with Beijerinckia sp., both grown in the field, was studied by the acetylene reduction method. In the association P. notatum - A. paspali values equivalent to a Nitrogen fixation of 15 to 93 kg/ha/year were obtained (ratio C 2 H 2 :N 2 = 3:1). Almost all of the nitrogenase activity was concentrated on the root surface and very little was found in rhizosphere soil. Nitrogenase activity of both systems was very sensitive to oxygen. On roots separated from soil a pO 2 of 0.04 atm was optimal while in the intact systems the oxygen tension above the soil had little effect. Nitrogenase activity in the rhizosphere of P. notatum seemed directly dependent upon photosynthetic activity of the plant. Normal 8 hour night periods did not change nitrogenase activity but when the dark period was extended the activity slowed down. On returning the plants into light, within hours the original activity was reached.


In Huangshan City, schistosomiasis surveillance from 1994 to 2010 showed that there were no patients and livestock newly infected with schistosome, no infected Oncomelania snails, but the snail status was stable. It is suggested that the schistosomiasis control strategy with emphasis on snail surveillance is effective, and snail surveillance is still a key measure of schistosomiasis surveillance in the future.