Project Probe is an annual summer intern program offered by American Electric Power (AEP) to provide qualified engineering students a meaningful educational experience in power generation and utility operation. The program fosters communication and cooperation between academia and the power industry, enhances the education of future engineers, and supports engineering faculty while it enlightens students and faculty about the power industry. During the program, teams of junior and senior students from various engineering disciplines perform wide-ranging project work at a host plant under the supervision of engineering faculty and plant personnel. Lectures and field trips supplement the work experience. This paper presents the objectives, methodology, and results of Project Probe 1996 including student development, faculty enrichment, benefits to the host plant, and benefits (both tangible and anticipated) to American Electric Power. Project Probe is shown to offer advantages over traditional student intern or cooperative educational programs. Recommendations include potential improvements to Project Probe and information to encourage other industries to sponsor similar programs.


In robotics and computer vision, there are many inference problems that come down to fusing the information from many different sensors, or a small number of sensors deployed over time. Dellaert will review how these and other problems can be posed in terms of factor graphs, which provide a graphical language in which to develop and collaborate on such problems. The talk will emphasize the advantages and intuition that come with these graphical languages, leading to both offline and online sensor fusion algorithms. One of Frank Dellaert's current research directions is exploring the use of code generation to create high-performance, certifiable code to support autonomous systems in the real world.


This study aimed to identify the association between gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA-A) receptor subunit β3 (GABRB3) gene and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Korea. Fifty-eight children with ASD [47 boys (81.0%), 5.5 ± 4.1 years old], 46 family trios, and 86 healthy control subjects [71 males (82.6%), 33.6 ± 9.3 years old] were recruited. Transmission disequilibrium test revealed that, 183 bp long allele in GABRB3 gene was preferentially transmitted in families with ASD (p = 0.025), whereas a population-based case-control study, however, showed no association between ASD and GABRB3 microsatellite polymorphism. Our data provide preliminary evidence that GABRB3 gene is associated with ASD in Korea.


Limitations of impact indices to compare scholars across disciplines and time based only the number of publications and citations are discussed. The S-index, based on more comprehensive scholar impact factors, is proposed.


1 Abstract: In this article we highlight analyses conducted in two qualitative literacy studies to discuss various implications of a blended, or hybrid, approach to multimodal analysis. By investigating several prominent frameworks commonly used together for the purpose of analyzing multimodal data, and describing our own experiences blending these frameworks, we determine that a hybrid approach is not necessarily ineffective at producing data interpretations, but that it is insufficiently reflexive of the role researcher positionality plays in multimodal analysis. We conclude the article by offering recommendations for supplementing hybrid analytical approaches through data co-construction and increased attention to researcher positionality.


The current research is designed to analyze and design a framework of the reasons of the gap (miss-fit) between the outcome characteristics of the private higher education and the job requirements in the private sector in Egypt. In this research, the reasons are divided into four main groups: Reasons related to the universities Reasons related to the businessmen Reasons related to the community Reasons related to the graduates After an explanatory analysis, the researcher concluded that the reasons of the gap related the universities are: The Policies of the higher education system, the qualifications of the academic staff members, the higher education techniques, the availability of resources and capabilities, and the fit between the academic courses and the labor market requirements. The reasons related to the businessmen are: effective selection of human resources, preparation and training before practicing the job, supervision during practicing the job, designing and analyzing the job, career planning. The reasons related to the community are measured using one variable which is: The private higher education perspective in Egypt. The reasons related to the students are measured using one variable which is: the benefits of the private higher education to its graduates. In this study, the questionnaires are designed, data are collected, the variables are measured, hypotheses are formulated and a conceptual framework is designed. Further researches are needed to statistically test the effect of these variables on the gap.


The present investigation was carried out on the sac brood virus (SBV) in Apis cerana indica of Tamil Nadu during 2018-19. Colonies were examined in major beekeeping regions, and diagnosis of SBV using specific primers was done to amplify the 834bp fragments through RT-PCR. Later these were compared with that of RT-LAMP (Reverse Transcriptase-Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification), and a new set of primers were designed. In the RT-LAMP, the samples with SBV reacted with royal blue coloured hydroxyl naphthalene blue (HNB) dye and produced sky blue coloured fluorescence in positive reaction while the original royal blue colour was retained in the virus free samples. From among the cDNA isolated from twenty supposedly SBV infected samples, 10 and 8 samples were detected to have the viral cDNA by RTPCR and RT-LAMP, respectively. RT-PCR is thus the best method for SBV diagnosis in the laboratory while the RT-LAMP is suitable for field level diagnosis.


: Porous silicon nanowires ( P SiNWs) layers fabrication was reported. Reflectance spectra were measured as a function of the nanowire length and were inferior to 0.1% and a strong photoluminescence (PL) signal was measured from samples. Models based on cone shape of nanowires located in circular and rectangular bases were used to calculate the reflectance using the Transfert Matrix Formalism (TMF) of P SiNWs layer. The modeling of the reflectance permits to explain this value by taking account into the shape of the nanowires and its porosity. Optical absorbance and transmission were also theoretically studied. The absorbance was superior to that obtained with silicon nanowires and the ultimate efficiency was about equal to 25% for normal incidence angle. These results could be applied to the potential application in low-cost and high efficiency P SiNWs based solar cells.


In free‐surface water flows the hydraulic jump has usually been considered a turbulent reverse roller supported by an underlying and expanding stream. The air‐entrainment aspect of the water surface at the jump is normally a predominant feature. In this investigation the character of the turbulence in the jump, and therefore of the air‐entrainment mechanism, is controlled by the use of drag‐reducing soluble additives. The resulting lower level of entrained air permits photographic and visual observation of a jump in a small glass‐sided laboratory flume. The photographs presented in the paper show that the remaining air bubbles act as flow tracers and reveal a turbulent structure in the upper part of the jump very similar in appearance to that observed for a turbulent mixing layer in a wind tunnel using shadow refractography. Measurements of expansion angles for the turbulence structures in the jump agree well with wind‐tunnel measurements of expansion angles for the turbulent mixing layer between coflowin...


Exploring the turnovers of city heads in China, I find that local policy uncertainty can encourage firm innovation. This positive relation is concentrated in state-owned enterprises (SOEs), which possess competitive advantages (especially resource-based) due to innate government connections. Additionally, for SOEs, invention patents filed despite local policy uncertainty contribute to higher sales growth and an increase in product market shares. My findings indicate that innate government connections enable firms to mitigate local policy uncertainty and explore first-mover advantages through innovation activities.


over." Transiliens is an image of the active leaping of the Totus Christus, specifically the body, in Christ and to Christ. G. contends that trin. shows that "reflexive contemplation" of the self or mind, even in Augustine's subtle triads, is not able to mediate the Trinity. Such mediation, as G.'s examination of memory in En. in Ps. has shown, is not "consummated by self-awareness or mindfulness" (202). Rather, the failure of memory in trin. presumes, G. asserts, the success of memory as disclosed in En. in Ps. Augustine on Memory is a significant contribution to Augustinian and theological scholarship. G. has convincingly shown the integration of Augustine's theology of the Totus Christus with his profound reflection on memory. By moving beyond the concern of memory as a faculty, G. reconfigures how to understand memory and its work. The consequence of this move is ultimately to suggest a completely different, more textured Augustinian anthropology.


A novel magnetic graphene oxide-based surface imprinted polymer (Fe3O4@GO@IIP) was synthesized by surface imprinting technology to selectively adsorb Ni(II) from aqueous solution. The imprinted polymer was characterized by FT-IR, XRD,...


(new product concepts) and strategic (variations of an existing product concept). Moreover, Pessemier, Burger, and Tigert [10] found that most innovators of a new heavy-duty laundry detergent were of a relatively lower socioeconomic background than noninnovators, whereas Robertson [11] found quite the opposite for "Touch Tone" telephone innovators. Other comparisons can be made as well, involving new foods [3], color television [4], farm products [13], and various new products and services [1]. The study to be reported here assessed the extent of innovativeness overlap among six new products from different product categories. While the available prior evidence was not clear-cut, pretest results led to the hypothesis that innovativeness would extend across or overlap test product categories.


In order to produce a catalytically active substance, titanium dioxide is processed together with an oxide or with a dissolved compound of tungsten and/or vanadium to form a moldable material. The moldable material is dried to form a shaped body and the shaped body is calcinated. According to the invention, the shaped body is, after calcination, additionally impregnated with a dissolved compound of titanium and vanadium and is dried once more. A catalytically active substance of this type exhibits a high degree of catalytic activity for degrading dioxins and/or furans also at temperatures lower than 250 DEG C. The catalytically active substance is especially suited for producing dioxin and/or furan catalysts.


This paper introduce a kind of new frame with energy-dissipation braces——the knee-brace-frame,and introduce its(energy-dissipation) properties;At last,energy-dissipation of the KBF has been analyzed with the finite element method.The analysis(indicated) that the knee element yielded firstly and insure that the main members did not fail,and eniance the energy-dissipation and(deformation) capability of the structure.


The purpose of this study is to help transit planners and engineers improve the accuracy of capital cost estimates for proposed fixed guideway project by documenting as-built unit costs for heavy rail systems and busway/HOV lanes completed in recent years. The benefit to the industry is the opportunity to check the reasonableness of the capital cost estimates against actual costs for similar systems developed in the U.S. Documentation and analysis of actual capital costs for the following 11 recent rapid transit projects are recorded: HEAVY RAIL: Atlanta, GA/MARTA North-South Line; Baltimore, MD/Baltimore Metro; Boston, MA/Southwest Corridor Project; Chicago, IL/Orange Line and O'Hare Extension; Los Angeles, CA/Metro Red Line; Miami, FL/Metrorail; and Washington, DC/Metro; and BUSWAY/HOV LINE: Houston, TX/Busway and HOV Lanes; Minneapolis, MN/I-394 Project; Pittsburgh, PA/South and East Busways; and Seattle, WA/Downtown Tunnel. Capital costs are based on the actual experience of recently completed U.S. transit projects. Capital costs are presented in a consistent database structure that describes the cost categories and project elements typically encountered in the development of major transit projects. In addition, all unit costs are normalized to a common base year 1994 and also to a national average cost basis to account for cost variation over time and across geographic regional impacts. Finally, quantities of each component type or project element are included to facilitate the development of project-wide capital cost estimates. The resulting normalized cost category estimates and unit cost ranges are readily available for application to each and every stage of the major capital investment planning process.


Using symmetry arguments only, we show that every spacetime with mirror-symmetric spatial sections is necessarily conformally flat. The general form of the Ricci tensor of such spacetimes is also determined.


New Zealand won the rights to host the 2011 Rugby World Cup (RWC) on the back of a slogan – A stadium of 4 million – that implied almost that the entire country would support the event. What transpired was a media frenzy of coverage that discursively supported the 'truth' of the slogan. In this article, I interrogate public responses to the Cup, taking a bottom-up approach that focuses on those whose voices and experiences were silenced in the public discourse. The results indicate not only the power of media coverage to influence individuals' perceptions of how others feel but its marginalizing nature for those views that are not represented. One consequence of the 2011 RWC coverage was that New Zealanders who were disinterested in, or actively resistant to, the Cup found themselves alienated from the dominant discourse and without a public space to speak their truths. Ultimately, despite some private contestation of the media's 'truth claims', the lack of public challenge left the articulation of rugby and nationalism not only intact but even further entrenched.


In order to fight against the spread of COVID-19, the most hard-hit countries in the spring of 2020 implemented different lockdown strategies. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on air quality worldwide, Air Quality Index (AQI) data was used to estimate the change in air quality in 20 major cities on six continents. Our results show significant declines of AQI in NO2, SO2, CO, PM2.5 and PM10 in most cities, mainly due to the reduction of transportation, industry and commercial activities during lockdown. This work shows the reduction of primary pollutants, especially NO2, is mainly due to lockdown policies. However, preexisting local environmental policy regulations also contributed to declining NO2, SO2 and PM2.5 emissions, especially in Asian countries. In addition, higher rainfall during the lockdown period could cause decline of PM2.5, especially in Johannesburg. By contrast, the changes of AQI in ground-level O3 were not significant in most of cities, as meteorological variability and ratio of VOC/NOx are key factors in ground-level O3 formation.


Already widely used in other industries, these materials are being investigated for oilfield use as a more-robust alternative to polymer membranes.


We consider a single-hop wireless sensor network in which each sensor node has an individual elastic data stream to transmit to each other node. We refer to this traffic pattern as unicast in this paper. The network has multiple slotted channels available for the data transmissions. To guarantee successful unicast within a bounded delay, we consider deterministic schemes that pre-assign each node a periodic schedule sequence to schedule transmitting and receiving at each time slot. The sequence period should be minimized since it upper bounds the unicast delay. We have investigated both synchronous TDMA sequences and asynchronous sequences. Since accurate time synchronization is difficult to achieve in sensor networks, we mainly present analysis and design for asynchronous sequences. In this paper, for a group-based channel assignment, we present a lower bound on the common period and propose a sequence construction method by which the period can achieve the same order as the lower bound. We also analyze optimal transmitting and receiving probabilities for two random schemes and compare their frequency utilization efficiency. Finally, unicast delay and energy consumption performance are compared by simulations.


With the development of integrated circuits, SiP (system in package) technology has been widely used in recent years. SiP often integrates multiple chips. Although this kind of packaging method is highly integrated, it also brings heat dissipation problems. When the package contains both high-power FC and WB chips, how to export FC chips effectively needs to be focused on. This paper introduces a kind of irregular heat cover based on AlN material, it can be seen from the simulation this heat dissipation cover can effectively export the heat of FC chip without affecting the structure of other chips. AlN has good material properties and mature processing, which can be widely used in high-power multiple chips SiP in the future.


Objective To explore how to improve the yield and quality of rat islets with different purified methods. Methods Twenty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups based on different methods of purification. Islets were isolated with pancreatic ductal injection of collagenase V. Group A: Islets were purified with Ficoll-400. Group B: Islets were purified with hand-pick under optical microscopy. Group C: Islets were isolated with pancreatic ductal injection of collagenase V and Ulinastatin and purified with Ficoll-400. Group D: Islets were isolated with pancreatic ductal injection of collagenase V and Ulinastatin and purified with hand-pick under optical microscopy. Results The yield of islet in these four groups was 122±25.30, 179±21.02, 187±24.89 and 276±24.85, respectively. The yield of islet in the groups that isolated with pancreatic ductal injection of collagenase V and Ulinastatin was significantly higher than those groups without Ulinastatin (P0.01). The yield of islet in the groups that purified with hand-pick under optical microscopy was significantly higher than that groups with Ficoll-400 (P0.01). Conclusion Purification with hand-pick under optical microscopy can obtain more islets. Ulinastatin perfusion can protect the islet from trypsin digestion in the process of separation.


Energy medicine (EM) refers to a range of techniques and healing modalities that alter the underlying energy field of the body. Energy is stimulated or moved within the body to restore an energy balance through a variety of modalities that include hands-on healing or vibration applied to the body and through movement or sound. Sleep is impaired when the body's energy is imbalanced and an excess of energy is activated or carried too high in the body. The evidence specifically examining the effect of energy techniques on sleep is limited, with small studies demonstrating benefit with hands-on healing techniques for intensive-care patients and those with cancer and/or chronic pain. There is moderate evidence that energy medicine significantly decreases many types of chronic pain, and it is most utilized in patients with chronic pain syndromes. In addition, weak evidence exists for energy medicine and decreased anxiety. It is extrapolated by many practitioners that the effect on pain and anxiety will result in better sleep. In addition, most energy medicine modalities have techniques specific for improving for sleep that can be done by a practitioner or can be taught to a patient for self-healing. Finding a skilled practitioner or learning self-healing energy techniques for sleep can be valuable additions to a patient's plan of care.


In recent years, with the change of people's living habits, food delivery has become more and more popular. Along with this is the rapid growth of takeaway distribution. It is significant to improve the accurate prediction of the take-out order quantity since it can reduce unnecessary losses for the merchants. The Cloud computing system is the main platform for processing massive data. Applying cloud computing resource scheduling to the forecasting of takeaway orders will greatly help merchants. The research purpose of this paper is to study the cloud computing resource scheduling based on improved ANN model takeaway order volume prediction. This paper improves the ANN model and proposes a cloud computing resource scheduling method based on improved ANN model takeaway order volume prediction. An experimental test was performed to verify the reliability of the proposed method. The results of this study show that the proposed method can accurately predict takeaway orders and contributes to reasonable resource scheduling.


The initial findings of this research problem began with the 2016 and 2017 Semata Village Ownership Wealth Reports which were reported to be not in accordance with the Realization of the Semata Village Revenue and Expenditure (APB) for the year concerned, namely in Fixed Asset Valuation. Permendagri number 113 of 2014 concerning Village Financial Management and Permendagri number 1 of 2016 concerning Village Asset Management as the basis of applied theory to solve research problems. This applied research was conducted with triangulation data collection techniques and data analysis methods from Miles and Hubermann. The results of the study revealed that the 2016 and 2017 Semata Village Ownership Wealth Reports were not in accordance with regulations related to Village Financial Management and Village Asset Management in force in Indonesia. Based on interviews, the parties related to village financial management, namely the Village Head, Village Secretary, and Village Treasurer are still imperfect in understanding the technicalities of Village Property Wealth Reports, these factors being one of the causes of the Village Property Report. Applied recommendations for solving problems have been presented in the analysis of this research data.


With the continuous development of Internet technology, using network platform to watch online video resources has become one of the main activities of people's daily life. However, for major video websites, the profit problem is still the biggest pain point in the industry. How to expand the scope of video resources to increase the website revenue has become a key issue. Therefore, this paper proposed a newly designed video resource-user game model to study how to increase the profit of online video providers. By analyzing the key factors which affect the decision-making of participants, the corresponding countermeasures and the suggestions from the perspective of video resources are introduced. The work of this paper is significant because it provided guidance and help to expand the scope of real video resource communication and can be used to make the revenue strategy by online video resource providers.


Every problem of defectology, based on the developmental difficulties of the senses, intelligence, motor and early socialization, is performed in the area of the developmental nervous structures and neuromuscular links. The scientific defectology , today, can not exist without neuropsychological studies of perception, movement, function of intelligence and feelings. The time when determined functions develop, and the appropriate time for stimulation of those functions, for improvement of the development of perception, intelligence, movements and feelings, that means socialization. At the same time, disorders in the development are treated effectually if the structure and function of determined segments of the person are agreed and matured. Accepting the attitudes of Pijaze, that the nervous structures are dividing the capabilities and incapabilities at a given age, and that the social environment stimulates or irritates the development of those structures and functions, in this paper we give the arguments for this attitudes and methods of early diagnostics and treatment in the childhood and youth.


Introduction. In 2003 more than 55 000 preparations of injectable hazardous drugs were made in the central admixture service of the University Hospital in Leuven, Belgium. According to the literature, surface contamination occurs, despite the use of special equipment and procedures. The objective of this study was to compare the surface and glove contamination with cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and fluorouracil, following preparation using either a standard admixture technique or the fully enclosed PhaSeal® system. Method. During a period of 4 months cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil were prepared with the PhaSeal® system. Following a period of 2 months using the classical technique, cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide were prepared for an 18-month period with the PhaSeal® system. Samples were taken before the start of the 4-month period, in the middle and at the end of the PhaSeal® period, 2 months after stopping PhaSeal® and again after 18 months of working with PhaSeal®. The total number of samples was 104. Results. For fluorouracil only one of the 14 surface samples was detectable, probably because the detection limit is too high. No differences between the results of the surface samples for cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide were detected. However, a rather big spill due to incorrect use of the system could have influenced these results. Differences in contamination on the gloves were more important. Conclusion. Good compliance with standard preparation and cleaning techniques results in equal levels of contamination on surfaces compared with the PhaSeal® system. However, the PhaSeal® system is an important improvement in reducing contamination on gloves.


This chapter reviews the progress made since the Earth Summit in the world's efforts to move toward sustainable development, with particular reference to developments in the private sector, which is increasingly recognized as a key player. The positive demonstrations that sustainable development is possible are still falling short of the fundamental change of course that is needed. A reformed United Nations and its organizations and agencies have an indispensable role to play in this change. This year we mark the fifth anniversary of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development—the Earth Sum mit— which was held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. And it is the twenty-fifth anniversary of the UN Conference on the Human Envi ronment held in Stockholm, Sweden. It was the 1972 meeting in Stockholm that first put the environment issue on the international agenda. This is therefore an especially opportune time to re-examine our progress and prospects regarding global environmental issues. One of the most notable achievements of the Earth Summit was the success it had in bringing all the "players"—governments, indus try, civil society—to the table for discussions of the pressing issues facing the world. The conference put an official stamp of approval on the growing move to make decision-making more inclusive. And without a doubt one of the most important components in the world's efforts to move toward sustainable development is the pri vate sector. FROM STOCKHOLM TO RIO Before I review the new role being played by the private sector, let me recap the events and developments leading up to the Earth Summit. The Stockholm conference led to a proliferation of new environmental initiatives and the creation of the United Nations Environment Programme, headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, as well as to national environmental ministries or agencies in most coun tries. Despite progress in many areas, it became evident by the mid 1980s, however, that the environment was still deteriorating overall and that the economic behavior largely responsible for this contin ued unchecked. In response, the United Nations General Assembly called for the establishment of a World Commission on Environment and


BackgroundChildhood pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalisation and death in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Despite remarkable achievements in global mortality trends in children under 5 nearly 700 000 children die annually from pneumonia. In Ghana, an estimated 4,700 children under 5 died from pneumonia in 2017. Hypoxia is a known predictor of death among children hospitalised with pneumonia. Few studies in Ghana have described the predictors of mortality among children with pneumonia. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with mortality among children hospitalized for pneumonia to the Paediatric Emergency Unit (PEU) of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH).
MethodsMedical records of children admitted to the PEU of KATH from January 2016 to December 2020 were reviewed. Data was cleaned and exported to STATA version 16 for analysis. Outcomes measures of interest were survival and mortality.
Results Records for 482 children hospitalised with pneumonia to the unit were available of which 55 per cent (n=265) were males, 94 per cent (n= 455) were less than five years and 51 per cent (n=265) were younger than 12 months old. In all, 77 per cent (n=301), had received three doses of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Twenty-one percent (n=89), presented with hypoxia and 15% (n= 77), died from pneumonia. There was a significant association between death as an outcome and hypoxia at presentation [?2 (1)= 13.29, p < .001(OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.42 to 4.75)], axillary temperature of 38oC or more at presentation [?2 (1)= 5.03, p = .025 (OR 2.09 (95% CI 1.08 to 4.02)], fast breathing at presentation [?2 (1) = 5.45, p = .020 (OR 2.12 95% CI 1.11 – 4.01)] and  having received all 3 doses of pneumococcal vaccine [?2 (1) = 9.78, p = .002 (OR 0.45 95% CI 0.27 – 0.75).
Conclusion  Hypoxia at presentation, axillary temperature of 38oC or greater, fast breathing, are likely predictors of mortality in children under 5 hospitalised for pneumonia. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine uptake is high among children with pneumonia, receiving all 3 doses likely protects children with pneumonia from death.


An electricity storage device includes a first battery stack (15), a second battery stack (11 to 14), and a case (22) that accommodates the first battery stack and the second battery stack. Each of the first battery stack and the second battery stack includes a plurality of cells (151) that are aligned and the second battery stack is placed under the first battery stack. The supporting member (80) that supports the first battery stack is placed between the first battery stack and the second battery stack and is fixed to the case.


In contrast to nonpolarized cells, coxsackievirus B (CVB)–infected polarized intestinal Caco-2 cells undergo necrotic cell death triggered by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor–dependent calcium release. This CVB-induced necrosis depends on Ca2+-activated calpain-2, which is required for disruption of the apical tight junction complex.


Fully acetylated cotton (FA cotton), a chemically modified cellulosic fiber made from cotton and retaining its fibrous form, is described. A small-scale method of preparing a completely or nearly completely substituted product from cotton raw stock, yarn, or fabric by the application of acetic anhydride and perchloric acid catalyst in a diluent which minimizes the tendency of the product to dissolve, is reported. Its general prop erties and behavior in laboratory tests show it to have many superior properties to previ ously known cellulosic fibers, including partial acetates and triacetates. FA cotton has good tenacity, both wet and dry, and flex-abrasion endurance; it has some thermo plasticity, yet shows no sticking at ironing temperatures below 250° C.; it has low moisture regain and is dyeable with ordinary acetate colors. Work in progress m- dicates that treatment of yarn and fabric may be carried out satisfactorily in commercial- type stainless steel equipment.


A metallurgical model of Nb-V HSLA steels was developed considering the effects of dynamic,metadynamic and static recrystallization.The model was applied to the on-line prediction and control of austenite recrystallization,grain size and flow stress during plate hot rolling.The results showed that when the starting temperature of finish rolling is at 900~950 ℃ with intermediate water cooling and the intermediate slab is 2~2.7 times as thick as the finished product, the final austenite grain size of 30 mm plate can be refined to about 30 μm with residual strain in a range from 0.08 to 0.4.The prediction accuracy of MFS(mean flow stress) in finish rolling will be greatly improved if introducing the effects of grain size and residual strain into MFS model.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients who sustain tibia fractures during athletic competition are at an increased risk of developing acute compartment syndrome (ACS). Design: Retrospective review. Setting: University Level I trauma center. Participants/Patients: Acute tibia fractures in 626 patients between July 2006 and June 2009. Methods: A retrospective review of 626 consecutive tibia fractures treated by our department between July 2006 and June 2009 was performed. We recorded the mechanism and type of fracture as well as whether or not ACS developed. Soccer and football injuries were analyzed as specific groups. Chi square was used to analyze our results. Main Outcome Measurements: The rate of ACS in patients injured during sporting events versus that of all patients with a tibia fracture. Results: Thirty-four patients (5.4%) developed ACS, which is consistent with the published literature. Nine patients sustained the injury while playing soccer (1.4% of patients), whereas 11 patients (1.7%) were injured playing football. Five of the nine soccer players (55%; P < 0.001) and three of the football players (27%; P < 0.001) developed ACS. Collectively, tibia fractures sustained in football and soccer led to 25% of ACS cases despite accounting for only 3.1% of all tibia fractures. Conclusions: Tibia fractures sustained during soccer and football had a statistically significant association with development of ACS in our patient population during this time period. Such patients should be monitored closely and followed with high clinical suspicion for ACS.


For the future projections Global climate models (GCMs) enable development of climate projections and relate greenhouse gas forcing to future potential climate states. When focusing it on smaller scales it exhibit some limitations to overcome this problem, regional climate models (RCMs) and other downscaling methods have been developed. To ensure statistics of the downscaled output matched the corresponding statistics of the observed data, bias correction was used. Quantify future changes of climate extremes were analyzed, based on these downscaled data from two RCMs grid points. Subset of indices and models, results of bias corrected model output and raw for the present day climate were compared with observation, which demonstrated that bias correction is important for RCM outputs. Bias correction directed agreements of extreme climate indices for future climate it does not correct for lag inverse autocorrelation and fraction of wet and dry days. But, it was observed that adjusting both the biases in the mean and variability, relatively simple non-linear correction, leads to better reproduction of observed extreme daily and multi-daily precipitation amounts. Due to climate change temperature and precipitation will increased day by day. keywords: Indian future climate; Precipitation; Temperature; Bias Correction; downscaling.


OBJECTIVE The paper focused on investigating a HPLC method to determine the content of gallic acid in Feiyang Changweiyan tablet.METHODS A Shimadzu VP-ODS C18 column(4.6×250mm) was used with a mobile phase of methanol-tetrahydrofuran-0.2% phosphoric acid(1∶1∶98),the dectection wave-length was set at 274nm and the flow rate was 1mL·min-1.RESULTS The recovery of the method was 100.5%.The linearity equation of the gallic acid was:y=29071.47450x+86.19571,R2=0.9999.CONCLUSION The method can be used to control quality of Feiyang Changweiyan tablet.


In this study we present the results of a set of research action, carried through by a multispecialty team, who seeked to organize and configure mechanisms, tools, and methodologies for a differentiated education proposal, based in the web. As result, besides a methodology to prepare courses, a first version of a Learning Virtual Environment was structuralized and publicized. The objective was to make distance education experiences feasible, to be validated by the educators under formation themselves, carrying out the preparation and offer of undergraduate disciplines. Therefore, the teacher is capable of experiencing the logic inside the different technologies with their specific characteristics, e.g. synchronous (chats) or asynchronous (forums) tools of communication, that enable the characterization of the pedagogical dialog between pupils (male and female). Constructed on the basis of the democratic principles of a Communitarian Institution, that considers the development of knowledge as a collective construction based on dialog and cooperation, the accomplishment of this experience allows a glimpse the scenario of insertion of the different social actors in the proposals of Distance Education.


Reprinted by A Shared Vision: Partners in Pediatric Blindness & Visual Impairment email@example.com | www.ASharedVision.org 1 A Shared Vision is a 501(c)(3) Colorado nonprofit Optic Nerve Hypoplasia1 What is the optic nerve? The optic nerve is a collection of more than a million nerve fibers that transmit visual signals from the eye to the brain [See Figure 1]. The optic nerve develops the first trimester of intrauterine life.


Basic to several key issues in current urban economic theory and public policy is a presumption that local imbalances between employment and residential sites strongly influence people's commuting patterns. We examine this presumption by finding the commuting pattern for the Los Angeles region in 1980 which would minimise average commuting time or distance, given the actual spatial distributions of job and housing locations. We find that the amount of commuting required by these distributions is far less than actual commuting, and that variations in required commuting across job locations only weakly explain variations in actual commuting. We conclude that other factors must be more important to location decisions than commuting cost, and that policies aimed at changing the jobs-housing balance will have only a minor effect on commuting.


Sacubitril/valsartan, a first-in-class angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, has proven to promote left ventricular (LV) reverse remodelling in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. However, its molecular and tissue effects have not been fully elucidated yet, due to the paucity of preclinical studies, mostly based on ischaemic models.

 To evaluate the effects of sacubitril/valsartan on LV remodelling and cardiac mitochondrial function in a murine model of non-ischaemic LV dysfunction.

 Adult male transgenic mice with cardiac-specific hyperaldosteronism (AS mice) received subcutaneous isoproterenol injection (300 mg/kg BID over two days), to induce LV systolic dysfunction. Mice were then randomized to a 2-week treatment with saline (0,2 mL BID) (ISO-AS n=15), valsartan (26 mg/kg in 0,2 mL of saline) (ISO+V n=12) or sacubitril/valsartan (57 mg/kg in 0,2 mL of saline) (ISO+S/V n=12). Echocardiography was performed at baseline, day 7, 15 and 21 of treatment. Mice were sacrificed at day 21, and histological and immunochemical assays were performed. A control group (Ctrl-AS n=8), not receiving isoproterenol nor pharmacological treatment, was obtained.

 Treatment with sacubitril/valsartan, but not with valsartan, induced a significant improvement of LV ejection fraction (p=0.009 vs ISO-AS) and fractional shortening (p= 0.032 vs ISO-AS) after 2-week treatment. In both ISO+V and ISO+S/V groups, a trend toward reduction of the extent of myocardial fibrosis was detected at histological analysis, confirmed by the lower cardiac collagen 1/3 expression ratio (p= 0.074). ISO+V and ISO+S/V groups showed a significant recovery of mitochondrial morphology and inner membrane function meant for oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, both treatments reverted the alterations of the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial distribution, transport of organic/inorganic compounds, myocardial cell death, and response to the superoxide.

 In a murine model of non-ischaemic HF, sacubitril/valsartan proved to have beneficial effects on LV remodelling and on cardiac energetics by improving mitochondrial activity.


The present study analyzed the frequency of using different types of apology strategies by Egyptian EFL learners. It examined how the participants' use of apology strategies varied according to certain social variables, namely social distance, power and the severity of offence.  For the purpose of data collection, the present study adopted a written discourse completion task originally designed by Blum-Kulka (1982) and used by other researchers including Nureddeen (2008). The findings emphasized the influence of L1 culture and social variables on the choice of apology strategies made by the participants. The study discussed the role of L2 pragmatic instructions in developing the EFL learners' pragmatic competence.


The present dissertation is performed in reference to the "Master of Science in Banking" of the Hellenic Open University. The subject of this dissertation is 'The Internal Audit in Hotel Industry' and is due to present a case study analysis of the hotel "ALPHA HOTEL S.A.", which is located in the city of Kastoria.
The scientific disciplines of auditing and accounting are the general frameworks which constitute the present diploma thesis. Before the analysis of internal control, it is necessary to understand the basic principles of auditing and hotel accounting as they are essential sources of knowledge of the main topics. Specifically, reference will be made to the purpose, to the species, to the object and to their historical development. The main subject analyses the procedure of internal audit in accordance with the segmentation which the application of the general rules of hotel accounting is able to provide.


Objectives: To analyze the surgical complications of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, checking the profile of the patients. Methods: It consists of a systematic review of the literature whose guiding question is "In patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, does the use of this surgical treatment, in comparison with any treatment, cause complications?". To elaborate the study, a search was carried out in the databases US National Library of Medicine National Institutesof Health (PUBMED), Virtual Health Library (VHL), Sciencedirect and Word Wide Science and the election of the eligibility criteria followed only publications that are Randomized Clinical Trials and that fit the proposed theme. In sequence, from the reading of the titles and subsequent analysis of the abstracts, the final sample consisted of 6 publications. Results: It was found that the most common complications found in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament are knee pain, kinematic changes during gait, cartilage degeneration, infections, deficit in knee flexion, graft failure, ligament laxity and hemarthrosis. The general profile of patients found in the studies was an average age of 25.8 years, a number of 290 men, representing 58% of the participants, and a number of 210 women, categorizing 42% of the patients. Conclusion: It is observed in the studies Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 4, e25810414047, 2021 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14047 2 that regardless of the surgical method used, which varies by the type of graft used, which may be allograft or autograft, and by the type of screw used, which may be bioabsorbable or metal, surgical complications are present.


This study using grounded theory for research analyze.Initially you will use an inductive approach to generate substantive codes from your data, later your developing theory will suggest to you where to go next to collect data and which, more-focused, questions to ask. Based on the combination on empirical evidences gathered through the published resources, it was determined that the rules of guanxi are deeply embedded within the Chinese society. In fact, guanxi is considered as a moral norm influencing suitable social behavior within the Chinese culture.Guanxi management was adopted by many countries with diverse names and forms. Because it is born from basic human nature, namely love. The difference is that China can implement it well because they know the rules of the game in the concept. Meanwhile, countries that adopt a democratic system also carry out Guanxi management practices clandestinely, falsehood and hypocrisy.


The relations between vocabulary and grammar that are under analysis allow to single out lexical grammar, as a special aspect of grammar. Within lexical grammar grammatical methods (categories, forms) are considered as the means of the abstract lexical semantics that is part of a conceptual content of a word, and grammar as a conceptual structure. The author presents the results of describing lexical grammar in the aspect of the systemic-structural approach and the research potential of lexical grammar in the aspect of the cognitive-communicative approach, where there is a further elaboration from the viewpoint of interaction of lexical semantics of a word and its discursive forms. The process of integration between the lexical meaning and the meaning of discursive forms as far as they are compatible and incompatible are in the basis of this interaction.


Caffarella, R. S. (1994). Planning programs for adult learners: A practical guide for educators, trainers, and staff developers (1st ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Cervero, R. A., & Wilson, A. L. (1994). Planning responsibly for adult education: A guide to negotiating power and interests. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Tyler, R. W. (1949). Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.


In his paper [2], Amitsur has given the condition for a division ring to have a cyclic extension, and at the same time he has determined the types of cyclic extensions. Obviously, the earlier works for the commutative case (Artin-Schreier [3], Albert [1], Witt [12]) and for the non-commutative quadratic case (Dieudonn\'e [4]) are contained in Amitsur's one. The purpose of this paper is to give simple rings an analogue. Concerning the case that the simple ring is of prime characteristic $p$ and the extension dimension is a power of


Is someone you know becoming addicted to Dexedrine? Look for the top 8 signs of Dexedrine addiction and give us a call at 877-556-9584.


For >20 years, researchers have reported that American blacks tend to have lower triglyceride and higher HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels compared with whites at a similar level of corpulence.1 2 Early studies focused on potential environmental explanations and concluded that differences in exercise, alcohol intake, leanness, and undernutrition did not readily account for the higher HDL-C levels.3 It was also noted that the propensity toward more favorable HDL-C and triglyceride levels was absent in highly educated blacks.4 More recent reports have shown that socioeconomic status was positively correlated with HDL-C in white men and women, a negative association was present in black men, and no association was evident in black women.5

Autopsy reports have also demonstrated differences in atherosclerosis in blacks versus whites. The Bogalusa Study6 reported that young blacks had more fatty streaks than did whites but that middle-aged blacks had less evidence of fibrous plaques. The authors concluded that the transition of fatty streaks to advanced atherosclerotic lesions may differ in whites and blacks.6 Similar results were obtained in the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth study,7 an autopsy investigation of young adults who died from trauma between the ages of 15 to 34 years. Adolescent blacks in that study had a greater extent of fatty streaks than did whites, but older blacks and whites …


Rice mill workers are frequently exposed to rice dust specks containing bacteria, endotoxins, spores, and chemicals in workplaces. Consequently, they develop diverse respiratory symptoms that lead to increased disability and social burden. The present study was conducted to observe the frequency of respiratory symptoms among rice mill workers in Bangladesh.


Marital and family structures, together with the closely related areas of gender relations and attitudes to sexuality, constitute one area in which scholars have suggested medieval England clearly differs from other regions. It is always difficult to compare across regions when the nature of the evidence differs; but because marriage and sexual behavior were under the jurisdiction of the church courts and because the ecclesiastical court system used the same set of legal rules across Europe, one level of difficulty disappears from a comparison. Records from different regions reflect somewhat different procedures or penalties, based on local synodal statutes, but are more commensurable than records of the secular courts, which did not depend on a common set of rules. Basic principles of canon law were universally accepted in western Christendom: marriage was formed by the consent of the parties; marital promises followed by sexual intercourse created an indissoluble marriage; and any extramarital sexual ac...


The basic situation of engineering repair material is summarized and reviewed,research status of ino-rganic,polymer and polymer-modified repair materials are introduced respectively,and potential application of polymer emulsion in repair material is also discussed.The polymer emulsions commonly used in polymer-modified cementitious repair material like epoxy emulsion,styrene-butadiene latex,acrylic emulsion and vinyl acetate copolymer are emphasized and discussed in details in terms of performance and application status,and some solutions are also given to the main problems existed in the development of polymer-modified cementitious repair material.


Effects of temperature on flowering and bolting, measured as days to flower bud visibility and to internode extension (bolting) and as leaf number below the primary inflorescence, were studied in carrot cv. Chantenay Red Cored grown in controlled environments. Preliminary experiments showed juvenility to end when plants had initiated 8-12 leaves. Non-juvenile plants subjected to temperatures in the range 3 to 12°C for nine weeks or more flowered and bolted subsequently under warmer (16-20°C) conditions whereas those grown throughout at warm temperatures did not. Rates of bolting and flowering increased linearly with temperature from —1 to 5°C and declined linearly from 7 to 16°C. The linear relationship enabled the base, optimum and maximum temperatures for vernalization to be derived respectively as -1.0°C, 6.5°C and 16.0°C. The minimum ther- mal-time of vernalization for any bolting and flowering to occur in this cultivar of carrot was ca. 126°Cd and the minimum required for 90% bolting and flowering wa...


Access to schooling and special education services remains a challenge for many children with disabilities around the world. In the United States, much attention has focused on disproportionality—the over- and underrepresentation of student groups within special education. In this study, to contextualize and better understand the scope and factors associated with disproportionality in the United States and abroad, we synthesized literature on special education disproportionality in international contexts and identified trends across student groups and countries, including the ways in which scholars have examined this topic. Results show that studies focused mainly on the overrepresentation of ethnic minority, immigrant, and Indigenous populations in European or English-speaking nations. Nearly all studies emphasized structural inequalities in society over cultural barriers as mechanisms contributing to disproportionality. Policy recommendations, however, were more likely to focus on improving the special education identification process. The review has implications for research, practice, and policy to improve education for children with disabilities in the United States and abroad.


In this work, we develop an implicit gradient-type (IG-AL) algorithm for bilevel optimization with strongly convex linear inequality constrained lower-level problems. Many learning problems of interest, including problems in distributed optimization, machine learning, economics, and transport research are captured by the above formulation. The key characteristics of the proposed algorithm are: (i) the use of a primal-dual augmented Lagrangian method for solving the lower-level problem, and (ii) construction of an implicit gradient (derived using the KKT conditions of the lower-level problem) for solving the upper-level problem. Importantly, the proposed algorithm avoids the (expensive) projection step to a half-space inherent to gradient descent-based alternatives. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on a set of numerical experiments.


3-Dimension Sindo's Journalist Animation Movie tells about a journalist's deception. 3 Dimensional animated film using Low Poly technique. Low Poly is a computer graphics that has a small number of polygons. This modeling technique reduces the detail of a 3-dimensional model with the purpose of geometry efficiency that can lighten the system's workload while designing and when rendering. Software used in the making of this film is Blender 3D, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe PhotoShop, Adobe. Premiere, Corel Draw and Format Factory.Use visual concepts derived from verbal language that is processed into visual language, in concept there are some elements, such as creativity, aesthetics, efficiency, communicative, and others to be accepted by the target audience. Visual object processing requires the composition of design formats, layouts, typography, illustrations, and colors to make the visual messages and messages delivered easily accepted by target audiences. Key words : Animation Movie, 3 Dimension, Low Poly, Sindo


A system for granting or denying access to nodes on a network, includes a first node including a list of nodes that can be granted or denied access to the first node, and at least one other node. The first node and the at least one other node are connected across the network. When the at least one other node attempts to gain access to the first node, the first node reviews the list of nodes to determine whether access should be granted or denied to the at least one other node.


With the rapid development of mass transit system, how to improve the control accuracy of the train become increasingly important. During the train' s running process, the resistance force is changing with some factors, such as, speed and track geometry, and these factors play an important role in tracking accuracy. Most existing methods assume the resistance force is available for feedback control or consider constant resistance coefficients. Contrasted to these methods, a neuroadaptive variable structure controller for automatic train speed and position tracking under varying operation conditions is proposed in this paper. We consider the case that the basic resistance forces and additional resistance forces are both time-varying and unknown. This method is proposed to achieve high precision position and speed tracking. The fundamental principle of this method is to design the control using combination of neural network and adaptive variable structure technique.


Background and Objective Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has become a preferred cervical cancer screening. However, most HPV infections are harmless and additional tests are required to screen HPV positive women. The objective of this study is to determine the optimal triage strategies for HPV positive women in China's rural population. Methods A population-based screening was performed at seven rural counties of Jiangxi province, between October 2014 to January 2016. A total of 18,000 women aged 35–64 years were enrolled in this study. The primary screening was performed using CareHPV, HC-2, Cobas ®4,800 or HybriMax. Positive women were further screened with five triage tests: (1) Liquid-based cytology test (LBC); (2) conventional Pap cytology test (Pap smear); (3) HPV16, 18 detection; (4) viral load; and (5) visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI). Women who were tested positive were referred for colposcopy. The five triage tests were compared with respect to sensitivity, specificity, referral rate, cost and diagnostic time. Results Complete data were available for 17,782 women. The HPV prevalence was 13.6%. Referral rates for colposcopy were 4.5%, 2.8%, 2.8%, 6.6%, and 3.7% with LBC, Pap smear, HPV16/18, viral load, and VIA/VILI, respectively. The sensitivity of the above triage tests was 65.8%, 51.9%, 86.8%, 73.3%, and 41.7%, respectively. The specificity was 69.8%, 81.0%, 85.8%, 52.2% and 65.3%, respectively. The average time to diagnosis was significantly lower with HPV16/18, viral load and VIA/VILI than LBC and Pap smear. In addition, screening cost that leads to identify one HSIL+ woman was the lowest with viral load. Conclusion Our data indicate that HPV16/18 and viral load are the optimal triage strategies for HPV screening in China's rural population.


Video Segments: Can you describe your research and findings? 0:04-0:46 What inspired you to do this research? 0:47-1:19 What are y'all hoping to do with this research? 1:20-1:43 Has this inspired you to do more research? 1:44-2:09 Can you break down what you were researching? 2:10-2:31 What was your favorite part? 2:32-2:52 What was the most challenging part? 2:53-3:12 Did you have a strategy for getting over the tough parts? 3:13-3:30 What was the research process like? 3:31-3:44 Was it hard balancing school and research? 3:45-3:56 Did you have creative freedom or was your research more structured? 3:57-4:10 What skills did you gain from this? 4:11-4:31 What are the main things readers should know about your research? 4:32-4:57 What is your advice for students doing research? 4:58-5:31


Nonequilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasmas are at the core of a broad range of energy, medical, environmental, and manufacturing applications. The analysis of coherent flow structures is used in diverse areas of fluids engineering for the study of complex flows, and can lead to greater understanding of nonequilibrium plasma flows, particularly of the dynamics of their degree of thermodynamic nonequilibrium. Three different coherent structure identification criteria are used to analyze simulation results of the flow dynamics from an arc plasma torch obtained using a thermodynamic nonequilibrium model. The results reveal some of the possibilities and challenges of the studied criteria for the analysis of nonequilibrium discharges.


The paper introduced method and process of developing mine virtual reality(VR)system on the basis of OpenGL and VC++,and described design principle,design flow and design of each function module of the system.


The treatment of osteosarcoma has suffered from the lack of the evaluation of the response of the tumor to chemotherapy. The main issue is that osteosarcoma does not shrink in response to chemotherapy; instead, viable tumor is replaced by necrotic tissue. To distinguish the portions within the osteosarcoma accurately, a new segmentation method based on the analysis of blood-perfusion EPI MRI series is proposed in this article. A similarity mapping method is used to analyze blood-perfusion EPI MRI series, and a watershed method with specific preprocessing is included to do the segmentation. A segmentation result of this method to a patient is shown and compared with the result of the surgery.


Communalism and Indian Princely States A Comparison with British India Dick Kooiman In the study of communalism, the colonial policy of separate electorates for religious minorities has often been put forward as a powerful explanatory factor But a comparison of British India and the princely states of Baroda and Travanc'ore, which had no separate electorates, suggests that such arrangements had less influence on the formation of communal identities than has generally been assumed. Rather, the demand for separate electorates may have been an effect rather than a cause of communalism.


Introduction: Myositis, a painful inflammatory condition of masticatory muscles, characterized by protracted local muscle soreness or myofascial pain, is most commonly caused by a source of nociception found in the muscle tissues having origin in central nervous system. Various therapeutic modalities used are pharmacologic, physical, or psychological. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), a physical sensory stimulant therapy using high frequency and low-intensity electric current stimulates the nonnociceptive A-beta cutaneous afferents that activate the pain inhibitory mechanism. Its action is immediate with 50%-70% analgesic effect and induces few or no after effects. Purpose of Study: The objective of this retrospective analytical study was to assess the efficacy of TENS therapy in patients suffering from myositis. Materials and Methods: The clinical data of the patients of myositis treated with TENS during 2011-2012 in OPD of a dental school in India were retrieved from department archives and analyzed. In all these patients, severity of pain was assessed on visual analog scale at baseline and at every follow-up visit. The data were analyzed statistically using unpaired t-test. Results: Out of 22 patients treated, 18 showed significant improvement while three were unresponsive and in one patient the condition deteriorated. Conclusions: TENS may be an effective, economical, and easy to use therapy with minimal side effects in patients suffering from myositis.


The author analyses the conditions of the ethics as one of the most important elements of the contemporary professional journalism. This article examines the causes and consequences of disregard of the professional ethics referring to the functioning of the modern mass media.


The arterial blood gas chemistry was measured continuously in ten patients during primary cemented total hip replacement in order to define more precisely the patterns of changes in blood gases during various stages of the operation. All ten patients demonstrated significant drops in PaO2 after femoral cement implantation and nine of the ten after acetabular cement implanation. The mean drop in PaO2 following acetabular cement expressed as mean ± SD was 18±8 mmHg (16±6%) (P<0.05) and femoral cement application was 25±11 mmHg (23±9%) (P<0.05). For changes in PaO2 there were corresponding drops in SpO2 in all patients with the femoral cement and in eight patients with the acetabular cement. The mean drop in SpO2 following the application of acetabular and femoral cements respectively were 1.7±1.5% and 3±2.45%. No changes in blood PaO2 were observed during dislocation of the hip joint or reaming of acetabulum and femur. In vitro studies revealed no effect of the liquid monomer or the cured cement on the performance of the Clark electrode of the sensor. We suggest that significant drops in PaO2 occur with both acetabular and femoral cement implantation and that the derangements in blood PaO2 last longer than detected by pulse oximetry following cement implantation.


The present invention relates to artificial breast implant (Implant) silicone open-cell (Open cell or Open pore) foam layer (Foam layer) to be formed or modified artificial breast implant and a method of producing the surface of the artificial breast implant according to the invention by forming the open-cell foam layer consisting of silicon the surface of the implant, a side effect that may occur after the body insertion of the implant in vivo rejection, in particular, capsular contracture to minimize the occurrence biocompatibility and safety is superior artificial breast implant of (Capsular contracture) It provides. Artificial breast, silicone, organic siloxanes, capsular contracture, open selpom


Four cases are recorded of duck broods near Sudbury, Ontario, migrating overland from deep, permanent lakes to shallow beaver ponds. This contrasts with the situation on the prairies where the move...


Since 1997 the government of the Province of Buenos Aires has initiated reforms, similar to those occurred in other Latin American countries, to structure a more effective and fair criminal justice system when prosecuting crimes and ensure the rights of the citizens. A central issue for reformers was the new role of prosecutors and their articulation with other state institutions to promote these ends. Set in this context, this paper examines the reform of criminal prosecution of the province of Buenos Aires, working with three levels of analysis: 1) the new regulatory framework of the criminal prosecution; 2) the main prosecution strategies implemented by the Public Ministry officials; 3) the consequences of these strategies for access to justice.


Short-fuse behaviors are actions that must be enacted within a limited window of opportunity for success. Such behaviors are theoretically important because they facilitate study of the intention formation, maintenance, and enactment processes, and have practical value because of their pervasiveness. Building on the recent work of motivational social psychologists, the research reported here explores 2 different components of an individual's intention to enact short-fuse behaviors: goal intention and implementation intention. An initial study demonstrates the nomological validity of these 2 constructs and clarifies the psychological mechanisms underlying each one. Subsequent studies show the independent benefits as well as interactional effects of goal and implementation intentions. Taken together, these results demonstrate the complexity underlying the intention-realization process, elaborate on functioning of goal and implementation intentions, and provide a better understanding of how the intention formation and enactment process transpires for short-fuse behaviors.


Cable slacking may be frequently encountered in mechanical analysis of tensegrity structures. Traditional nonlinear finite element analysis in handling this issue may lead to numerical difficulty d...


This study tests the fuzzy linear regression model to see if there is a performance difference between it and the classical linear regression model. These results show that FLR was better as f forecasting technique when compared with CLR. Another important find in the test of the two different regression methods is that they generate two different predicted P/E ratios from expected value test, variance test and error test of two different regressions, though we can not see a significant difference between two regression models doing test in error measurements (GMRAE, MAPE, MSE, MAD). So, in this financial setting we can conclude that FLR is not superior to CLR, comparing and testing between the t재 different regression models. However, FLR is better than CLR in the error measurements.


This paper introduce a new property for polar cones:weak * angle property and establish the dual relationship between weak * angle property and solidness,which characterizes the reflexivity of Banach spaces.


Present day airliners are compelled to operate with efficient flight plans to meet the ever increasing demands and cope with high fuel prices while sustaining a profitable industry. On the contrary, passenger airplane consume excessive fuel and flight time due to conventional air traffic control procedures. This paper provides an in-depth evaluation on the correlation between flight time and fuel consumption by referring to potential benefits obtained via dynamic programming trajectory optimization. Analytical solutions on the selection of an optimal cost index based on a series of flight data measured by a commercial GPS receiver are thoroughly discussed. Performance parameters were evaluated using meteorological data of the Japan Meteorological Agency and aircraft performance data of EUROCONTROL. Analytical results show that the selection of descent airspeed and descent rate have a significant influence on reducing the fuel consumption and flight time. Optimal cost index selection was discussed by implementing fuel minimum trajectories and fuel optimal trajectories with arrival time constraints. Analytical results from the proposed model show that current operational procedures let airliners to perform with non-optimal cost indexes to maintain time weighted flight missions which result excessive fuel burn.


Erratum to: AAPS PharmSciTech

DOI 10.1208/s12249-010-9464-2

Regarding the co-author, please note that the correct given name is Nevine Shawky and the correct family name is Abd El-Malak.

The original article contains an incorrect reference citation. At the end of the first sentence in the second paragraph of the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION section, (8, 26) should be (9, 26).


The gay vernacular, a language created by the LGBT community, is one of the amazing modern languages of today. To protect themselves from the hurt of societal disgrace, gay individuals started to establish their own language. It also has linguistic characteristics shared by LGBT educators who frequently talk about phonemic diphthongs. To identify the phonetic diphthongs uttered, their focus on their everyday lives of teaching as well as their meanings, this qualitative research employed a case study in conjunction with discourse analysis through production task and elicitation. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data from purposively selected 8 informants in a secondary school of Don Sergio Osmena Sr. Memorial National High School, Cebu City, Philippines. ˘ The study revealed that the stylistic variation of gay faculty members is in the coinage through colleagues' speech influence, the creation of own words was through attachment and cropping wherein an original word is cut off and has a new component and meaning, and there are existing words used in gay lingo that have different meanings. In order for everyone to have a deeper understanding of the culture, discursive studies of gay lingo are needed. School administrators should also mandate seminars and other activities for teachers about understanding gay language and its neologisms or the creation of their own words and structural processes.


Recent attempts to account for the development of problem solving strategies in discrimination learning tasks have culminated in a theoretical synthesis proposed by Gholson and Beilin (1979). Their developmental model for human learning combines a qualitatively changing central processor with subprocesses such as directed attention and memory that control information flow. Predictions from the theory suggest that strategic systems are directly related to Piagetian stage levels and that focusing, in particular, cannot be manifested until the child is operating formally. The present authors suggested that late concrete operational children, possessing class inclusion skills, were competent to produce focusing because of the nature of the task, and that they would manifest focusing following training. Early and late concrete operational children were identified, and half of each group was trained to focus. The results indicated that focusing was manifested by the late concrete operational children but independently of the training. Both the amount of negative feedback and the nature of the probe techniques affected the manifestation of focusing. These results are discussed with reference to the Gholson-Beilin theory and to their methodological implications.


G. DAVID GROTHAUS EnviroLogix Inc., 500 Riverside Industrial Pkwy, Portland, ME 04103 MURALI BANDLA U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plant Health Programs, 4700 River Rd, Unit 52, Riverdale, MD 20737 THOMAS CURRIER Bayer CropScience, 2 T.W. Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 RANDAL GIROUX Cargill Inc., 2301 Crosby Rd, Wayzata, MN 55391 G. RONALD JENKINS U.S. Department of Agriculture/Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyard Administration, 10383 N. Ambassador Dr, Kansas City, MO 64154 MARKUS LIPP International Bottled Water Association, 1700 Diagonal Rd, Ste 650, Alexandria, VA 22314 GUOMIN SHAN Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268 JAMES W. STAVE Strategic Diagnostics Inc., 128 Sandy Dr, Newark, DE 19713 VIRGINIA PANTELLA VIP Consulting Services, 10860 Bucknell Dr, #102, Silver Spring, MD 20902


Online aceess of full paper is available at: www.engineeringscience.rs/browse-issues Evgeny, A., Alexandr, A., Ekatarina, A., & Alexey, P. [2021]. Structure and mechanical properties of powders obtained by electrodisperging cobalt-chromium alloy. Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 19(1), 230 236. DOI:10.5937/jaes0-30599 Cite article: Evgeny Ageev Southwest State University, Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Department of Materials Technology and Transport, Kursk, Russian Federation Alexandr Altukhov Southwest State University, Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Department of Materials Technology and Transport, Kursk, Russian Federation Ekaterina Ageeva Southwest State University, Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Department of Materials Technology and Transport, Kursk, Russian Federation


This document specifies a standard file format for YANG instance data,
that is data that could be stored in a datastore and whose syntax and
semantics is defined by YANG models. Instance data files can be used
to provide information that is defined in design time. There is a need
to document Server capabilities (which are often specified in design
time). Defining server capabilities is foreseen as the most important
use of YANG instance data files.


This paper analysed the reasons of complications of abortion and put forward the precaution and remediation measures.It is recognised that sensible choose terminal pregnancy methods will reduce incidence rate of complications of abortion,improve the surgery safety,and protect of women's reproductive health.


Something unusual happened on 5 March 2009 in the quiet compound of the French school known as Sciences Po, the National Foundation for Political Science, from which most of the past and present French governmental elite graduated. It was the first day of a major conference on "Memory, The Writ ing of History and Democratization" that assembled political scientists, sociologists, and historians, addressing a vast array of issues related to World War Two, Stalinism and Maoism, and recent African wars. Around one hundred people had gathered in one of the main lecture halls. The first session was ending when a woman from the audience quickly approached the speakers' table. She was not your typical academic conference attendant. A bailiff, she was there to hand one of the speakers a subpoena to appear before the Paris district court at the request of the "French Sasakawa Foundation" (FFJDS). The Foundation, having filed a libel suit against that particular scholar, had chosen this flamboyant way to make the case public.


We designed a cell-network-based full-custom test-chip for gray-scale/color image segmentation of real-time video-signals in 350nm CMOS technology. From this digital test-chip design, fully-integrated QVGA-size video-picture-segmentation chips, with 250/spl mu/sec segmentation time per frame, at 10MHz are estimated to become possible at the 90nm technology node.


To solve the problem of the shortage of power grid construction capital and to widen financing source, innovative financing modes such as ABS, financial leasing and BOT were studied and used. Project financial leasing is an innovative financing mode that combines financial leasing with project financing. It has some special attributes such as project guiding, limited recourse, goods financing instead of capital financing and separation usufruct from ownership. Through analyzing the special attributes of project financial leasing and the requirements of power grid construction financing, it is demonstrated that applying project financial leasing to power grid construction financing is feasible, and the operation outline is pointed out. There exist basic conditions for applying project financial leasing to power grid construction financing, but some contents require to be made further research on.


Published to accompany an exhibition of collaborative work by Ashley Howard and Risa Ohgi at the Leach Pottery, St Ives, Cornwall, 13 September - 12 October 2014.


The present invention substantially does not contain impurities phenylene-bis-benzimidazole-sulfonic acid tetrahydro this relates to a process for preparing a sodium salt. The method comprises Sikkim o- phenylenediamine with terephthalic acid and chlorobenzene sulfonic acid and 10 to reaction for 15 hours and the reaction time in the presence of a strong acid.


The article deals with the problem of a social and pedagogical component in education and the importance of a social teacher with various social roles and functions. The author defines possibilities of realization of the pedagogical component in the social medium in future social teachers' education and their social and pedagogical practical training. In conclusion, the article states the necessity of cooperation in search for a common way of pedagogical higher institutions and social educational organizations how to realize the social and pedagogical component. The professional activity of future social teacher refers to the person in the social environment, his or her socialization, development perspective definition and personal developmental growth of students. It is proved that the social component realization in the social environment in the educational system by teaching of social teachers in the higher educational institution lets future bachelors get professional competences according to the demands of employers.


In recent years, the environmental effects of energy production have increasingly entered into the foreground of the sustainable development agenda. Hydrocarbon-abundant countries are blamed to become the largest emitters of greenhouse gases, trace metals, and other pollutants due to extensive use of oil, gas, and coal in energy production. Combustion of fossil fuels for heat and power generation is reported to be among the major reasons for progressing climate change globally. The United Nations and other international actors have called on national governments to substantially increase the share of renewable energy, but the main point is how to incentivize the resource-rich countries to shift to greener technologies. For the example of Kazakhstan, whose energy sector is centered on coal, this paper discusses the challenges and prospects of wind power as both an environmentally friendly and efficient option to support a transition of a resource-rich country to a green economy and a sustainable energy future. Forty-two locations across the country have been assessed on the parameters of average annual wind speed, wind availability, and four types of potential for wind power production: gross, technical, economic, and emissions reduction. Some of the key findings are that at the height below 50 m above ground level, wind power production is economically viable in electricity-deficientt southern territories, particularly, in Djungar, Saryzhas, Zhuzimdyk, and Taraz. In western, central, and northern parts of Kazakhstan, at a height above 50 m, the most promising areas for wind power production are Caspian, Northwestern, Central, and Tarbagatay corridors. The paper identifies the areas with the highest emission reduction potential and elaborates the policies to encourage the selection of wind farm locations based on their "economic potential-environmental effect" ratio. The approach allows assessing the opportunities, which decentralized wind energy systems offer to transition away from a dependence on fossil fuels and to enable sustainable economic growth.


This study evaluated effects of vitamin E on bone quality. Thirty‐two rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control (SHAM), orchidectomy (ORX), low dose vitamin E of 65.6 mg/kg diet (ORX+LD), or high dose vitamin E of 656 mg/kg diet (ORX+HD). After four months, bones were isolated and frozen. Microarchitecture of the 4th lumbar vertebra (L4) was analyzed using a μCT 40 scanner. The vertebrae were scanned at 16.5 micron intervals and trabecular areas were contoured. Orchidectomy reduced bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number, and connectivity density, and increased trabecular separation. Microarchitecture of ORX+LD did not differ significantly from ORX. BV/TV (%) of ORX+HD tended to be lower than ORX (15.4 ± 0.6 vs 18.5 ± 1.3, p=0.11) and trabecular thickness was reduced in ORX+HD. Bone strength was estimated using finite element analyses. Compared to SHAM, ORX required less force for compression and had decreased stiffness. Von Mises stresses were increased in ORX+HD compared to ORX. The changes in bone with ORX demonstrate the importance of testosterone or its metabolites in maintenance of bone quality. The high dose vitamin E had detrimental effects on the microarchitecture and predicted stress with load of the L4 vertebrae, suggesting reduced bone quality.


The invention relates to a method of making blanks SPECIAL STEEL NOT FINISHED, INCLUDING STRIPS special steel, the method comprising, IF NECESSARY, THE WINDING AND SOFTENING MATERIAL CAST AND STRIPPING, PARTICULARLY THROUGH PROCESS OF CRUSHED IN BATH watery, AND IN THE CASE OF tAPE, tAPE WRAP IF NECESSARY. For greater flexibility regarding QUALITIES OF STEEL that can be processed and dimensions of the blank steel BE PREPARED, the invention proposes MATERIAL IS PROCESSED IN LOTS, WITH PREFERENCE TO BE Softened, CHILLED AND subsequently, WITHOUT BUFFER, mordant lot. According to a method comprising the steps of pig iron, IF NECESSARY CURL FADE, REFRIGERATION AND STRIPPING MATERIAL, INCLUDING BY DEXOSIDANTE TREATMENT IN AQUEOUS BATH, AND, IF NECESSARY, winding the blank strip-shaped STEEL SPECIAL ON A ROLL TO GET THE ABOVE BENEFITS, the invention proposes that CASTING AND SUBSEQUENT ETCHING WILL BE LOTS, WITHOUT BEING CONDUCTED THE BUFFER STRIPPING. The invention further relates to plants for carrying out the described method.


This research aimed to conduct a study on the physicochemical characteristics of different frozen fruit pulp commercialized in Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ, and verify their agreement with current laws. A descriptive study was conducted, in which physical and chemical parameters of fruit pulps of different flavors commercialized in the city of Campos Goytacazes – RJ were analyzed. Results showed that all analyzed samples presented vitamin C content below values allowed by legislation, and that the guava and lemon pulp showed acid values below the established standards. With regard to the labels analyzed on the packaging of fruit pulp, adequacy of packaging to batch numbers remains to be made.


This dataset provides the boundaries of the Eastern Loudoun Transportation Study Area initiated by the Board of Supervisors in January 2012. The Study Area is divided into 3 phases: Phase 1- the CTP road network north of Waxpool Road/Church Road; Phase 2 - the CTP road network south of Ryan Road; and, Phase 3 - the CTP road network south of Waxpool Road/Church Road and north of Ryan Road.


Source Citation Davey Smith G, Song F, Sheldon TA. Cholesterol lowering and mortality: the importance of considering initial level of risk. BMJ. 1993 May 22,306:1367-73.


This article compares different types of hydrogen production technology, and it is not advisable to decide which hydrogen production method to use based solely on the production cost of the technology. It is also necessary to consider the local resource situation. The central and western regions are rich in hydropower and natural gas resources, and the prices are relatively low. The natural gas reforming hydrogen production plus distributed electrolysis water hydrogen production technology is a recoverable solution; there are many chemical and iron and steel enterprises in the eastern coast and the Bohai Rim region, and the industrial by-product hydrogen purification technology It is a better choice; there are abundant renewable resources such as photovoltaic and wind energy in Northeast, North China, and Northwest, and can use renewable energy electrolytic hydrogen production technology; Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other places have excellent coal resources, and the potential of coal hydrogen production technology is huge. The establishment of the layout of the downstream hydrogen refuelling station and the establishment of the application market are also crucial to the upstream hydrogen production enterprises. Areas where the front-end hydrogen production link and the back-end application link are well integrated can gain a favourable position.


Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder typically characterized by less than 20% of normal enzymatic activity, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypomethioninemia, and a range of neurological and vascular abnormalities. Nine rare mutations in severe MTHFR deficiency have been reported. In addition, a common missense mutation, which is associated with a milder deficiency and a thermolabile enzyme, has been observed in 35% of chromosomes from the general population, and may represent a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and for neural tube defects. This polymorphism may also be present in patients with mutations for severe MTHFR deficiency. Here we report a new MTHFR mutation identified by SSCP analysis and direct sequencing. The mutation is a G to A substitution at bp 1172 which converts a glycine to an aspartic acid residue. Since this mutation eliminates a recognition site for HaeIII, restriction digestion was used to detect this mutation in 4 of 15 patients with severe MTHFR deficiency. Thus it is the most frequent severe mutation found to date. Each of the 4 patients had one copy of the mutation while 42 controls were negative. Notably, 3 of the 4 patients had relatively late onset disease presenting at ages 13, 15, and 40 years, respectively. The fourth presented with seizures at age 7 months. Of the 4, only this infant was homozygous for the polymorphism associated with a thermolabile enzyme. The mother of this early-onset patient had had a stroke at age 4 years, but no other obvious findings of MTHFR deficiency. She presumably has one mutation for severe MTHFR deficiency and at least one copy of the thermolabile polymorphism. Studies are in progress to identify other mutations in these patients and to examine possible interactions of the polymorphism with heterozygosity or homozygosity for severe MTHFR mutations.


Cervical cancer screening through Pap smears and colposcopy remains the standard model for most early cancer detection programs. The natural history of HPV infection allows for detection and treatment of precancerous changes, which in turn allows for reduction in morbidity and mortality from disease. A better understanding of low-risk and high-risk lesions, as well as low-risk and high-risk HPV subgroups, has also allowed for new strategies in triage and utilization of health care resources.


These are notes for a talk I gave at the summer school on derivators at the University of Freiburg in August 2014. They are a report on ongoing research. Publications of the indicated results will follow soon. The reader is assumed to have read some introductory text on usual (not fibered) derivators as, for instance, the author's notes [14] for this summer school or Moritz Groth's paper [11]. I would like to thank all participants of the summer school for the nice week, and for their very useful questions, comments and remarks.


Supporting element adapts to high or low side loads. Passive Orbital Disconnect Strut (PODS) for cryogenic tank engages an extra-strong member only during peak side or axial loads like those from vibrations, accelerations, and shocks. When side loads are low, support provided by lower-strength, lower-thermal-conductance, passive disconnect.


In 2010, the Supreme Court decided the landmark case of Padilla v. Kentucky. The Padilla Court's holding was that failure of counsel to advise a non-citizen criminal defendant about the immigration consequences of a guilty plea constitutes ineffective assistance of counsel. This article addresses whether Padilla applies to convictions that occurred before Padilla was decided, in March 2010. First, this article provides background on relevant immigration law, Padilla v. Kentucky, and the Supreme Court's retroactivity case law. Then, this article considers how lower courts have addressed the issue of retroactivity in the approximately twenty-seven months after the Padilla decision. This article also provides in-depth analysis of circuit courts and state supreme courts which have addressed the retroactivity issue. This article then critically analyzes the common arguments for and against applying Padilla retroactively. Finally, this article proposes that Padilla apply to all non-citizens who have been deported as a result of ineffective assistance of counsel.On April 30, 2012, the Supreme Court granted certiorari to decide the issue this article discusses. Although "confused and confusing," the Supreme Court's retroactivity case law supports a finding that Padilla applies retroactively. Similarly, fairness dictates that non-citizens who have received ineffective assistance of counsel, and been deported as a result, should be afforded a remedy. Common sense also dictates that Padilla applies retroactively. A plain reading of the Padilla case clearly imagines the retroactive effect of the Padilla holding. Moreover, the Supreme Court's application of the Padilla rule to Jose Padilla was, in every sense, similar to those who would benefit from Padilla being retroactive. For these reasons, precedent, fairness and common sense dictate that Padilla should apply retroactively.


This paper presents the implementation of ray tracing-based algorithms for multi-objective geospatial optimization targeting various many-core processing technologies such as graphics processing units, x86 multi-cores, and ARM processors. High performance is achieved through highly parallel core algorithms, executed on multiple compute devices across a heterogeneous architecture using low-level OpenCL kernels. Algorithms for calculating line-of-sight ballistic threat, visual observability, ground plane extraction, and Markov chain Monte Carlo optimization provide an augmented geospatial intelligence and situational awareness in three-dimensional urban environments.


The clinical outcome of prenatally diagnosed congenital heart defects (CHD) continues to be affected significantly by associated extracardiac and chromosomal abnormalities. We sought to: determine the frequency and type of major extracardiac abnormalities (with impact on quality of life) and chromosomal abnormalities associated with fetal CHD; and compare the extracardiac abnormalities detected prenatally to the postnatal and autopsy findings in affected fetuses, to find the incidence of extracardiac abnormalities missed on prenatal ultrasound.


Digital base-band processing is a routine feature of s everal TV sets in current production. A teletext processor has been developed that becomes an integral part of such a digital TV set. A full-feature level-l-service subsystem is realized using two additional ICs only - the teletext processor and a standard dynamic memory, cf. Fig. 1.


Umpire decisions can greatly affect the outcome of a cricket game. When there is doubt about the umpire?s call for a decision, a decision review system (DRS) may be brought into play by a batsman or bowler to validate the decision. Recently, the latest technologies, including Hotspot, Hawk-eye, and Snickometer, have been employed when there is doubt among the on-field umpire, batsman, or bowlers. This research is a step forward in gaging the true class of a snick generated from the contact of the cricket ball with either (i) the bat, (ii) gloves, (iii) pad, or (iv) a combination of bat and pad. Preprocessing included noise removal from the snick audios using the Audacity program. Machine learning-based classification is achieved by training neural networks with audio features of the snick. A support vector machine was employed to enhance the classification system. Twenty-one features comprising time and frequency domain characteristics were compiled. After one-way analysis of variance was employed and multicomparison analysis was performed, a set of seventeen features was selected and utilized to increase the accuracy of the proposed DRS. The system was trained on indigenous snick data gathered by ourselves and then tested for real cricket snick scenarios. The system achieves a classification rate of 98.3 percent for the self-collected data while presenting an accuracy of 85.7 percentage for the real cricket snick scenarios. The research also developed a dataset of snick audios comprising 132 signals for the four categories to aid researchers working in the same field.


Spool-and-line tracking was used to investigate the foraging behaviour of three marsupial species (Petaurus breviceps, Antechinus stuartii and Cercartetus nanus) which regularly visit inflorescences of the Australian native, Banksia spinulosa (Proteaceae). Although there were as many as 10 open inflorescences on a plant, 72% of movements by animals were to inflorescences on a different plant. Furthermore. nearly 70% of these movements were over 5 m in length, and movements ranged up to 59 m. Inter-plant movements were greater for P. breviceps than other species, particularly late in the flowering season when fewer inflorescences were available. This suggests that patterns of pollen flow in this population of B. spinulosa may vary spatially and temporally