In order to make development in the field of economics to support and keep continuity of the implementation of national development that increase of the development and the result evenly, to raise of economic growth and to keep the stability of national development, to raise standard of living peoples (increase of prosperity of people), to create atmosphere of Indonesian that is fair and prosperous and create social fairness for all Indonesian, government need to form financial institution which is bank. Bank is seen as an institution that can obtain those goals because the bank's role as intermediation institution or act as financial intermediary as well as act as "agent of development". The existence of bank as a corporate itself hold role more in the living of modern society.  However, the existence of bank its self should be wary because the bank not always gives the positive effect forever. In short, the existence of the bank can also give the negative effect, which is bank as a criminal and the bank can do the crime itself, including the following: telemarketing fraud, client fraud, grind and embezzlement customer's funds or debtor, various form of crime in the field of credit, make engineering report, make false record or make double accounting to save the reputation itself, abuse of authority, etc. the bank crime is one of form white collar crime, an organized crime that is systemic and extraordinary crimes, and new dimension of crime. This crime can occur because of the involvement of the business actors themselves, both from the bottom to the board of directors and even shareholders of the bank. As a law state, protection of people (in the framework of the welfare of the society) shall be done in every aspect. This protection shall be made against certain irresponsible acts, one of which is protection against the prevalence of "banking crime". In that context, considering the functional institution of bank is so important and prevalence of banking crimes that occur raises a question for authors, is it possible that corporate criminal liability systems are applied to banks? On that basis, this paper will discuss the implementation of corporate criminal liability system for banking institutions according to Indonesia law act number 10 of 1998 on Amendment to Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 1992 concerning Banking. This research uses normative judicial research method by researching library materials.  On this basis, this paper will discuss the implementation of corporate criminal liability system for banking institutions according to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia act Number 10 of 1998 on Amendment to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 1992 Concerning Banking. This research uses normative juridical research method by researching library materials. The data used are secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The analysis method used in this study to conduct the method of content analysis (content analysis). The research result shows that the politics of law in the current banking law has not acknowledged the corporation (in this case is the bank) as the subject of the crime. The reason is because the system of criminal responsibility in the law is still charged to the caretaker (the man itself) as a subject of criminal. Thus, the current banking law still holds the principle of "societas delinquere non potest" or principle of "universitas delinquere non potest". To minimize the problems that related to the rampant banking crime and law enforcement in the banking sector, the current banking law needs to be reorientation, and reformulated by regulating corporations (banking institutions) and other corporations as subjects of crime. The results also show that the regulation of corporate criminal liability system for banking institutions gets legitimacy or justification philosophically, theoretically and sociologically. Therefore, it becomes a necessary and urgent need to revise immediately the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 1998 on Amendment to Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 1992 concerning Banking (especially in regard to criminal provisions. Keywords : Criminal Liability, Corporate Crime, Bank, and Banking Act.


Current organic substrates are limited to lines/space 10/10 μm and via size around 50 μm. However, the semiconductor with advance node needs fine line/space of 5/5 or 3/3 and even 2/2 μm in the future. Interposer provides a high density interconnection with fine line and small via that cannot be matched by current laminate substrate technology. We have proposed a new structure that embedded interposer to organic substrate (Flip chip - Embedded Interposer Carrier, FC-EIC®). This structure has virtues of know good substrate and compatible with current packaging and assembly infrastructure. We have demonstrated the feasibility of integrating silicon interposer to a laminate substrate. In this paper, we evaluated the feasibility of integration of a glass interposer into an organic substrate. The selection of glass, temporary bonding materials and built-up dielectric materials were established. The compatibility of lamination and built-up process with glass interposer was demonstrated. By using dielectric materials with small CTE and high modules together with an innovative structure, significant warpage reduction of the EIC-glass was achieved. For a 10 cm × 10 cm laminated carrier with a proper dielectric material set, the panel warpage of the EIC-glass structure can be reduced from 20 mm to less than 3 mm. The EIC-glass structure has been tested under 500 TCT cycles and no glass damage and delamination between glass and the built-up dielectric film was observed.


Problem statement: This study evaluated two different Bayesian classi fiers; tree augmented Naive Bayes and Markov blanket estimation networks in order to build an ensemble model for prediction the severity of breast masses. The o bjective of the proposed algorithm was to help physicians in their decisions to perform a breast b iopsy on a suspicious lesion seen in a mammogram image or to perform a short term follow-up examinat ion instead. While, mammography is the most effective and available tool for breast cancer scre ening, mammograms do not detect all breast cancers. Also, a small portion of mammograms show that a cancer could probably be present when it is not (called a false-positive result). Approach: Apply ensemble of Bayesian classifiers to predict the severity of breast masses. Bayesian classifiers had been selected as they were able to produce probability estimates rather than predictions. Thes e estimated allow predictions to be ranked and thei r expected costs to be minimized. The proposed ensemble used the confidence scores where the highest confidence wins to combine the predictions of indiv idual classifiers. Results: The prediction accuracies of Bayesian ensemble was benchmarked against the well-known multilayer perceptron neural network and the ensemble had achieved a remarkable performance with 91.83% accuracy on training subset and 90.63% of test one and outpe rformed the neural network model. Conclusion: Experimental results showed that the Bayesian clas sifiers are competitive techniques in the problem of prediction the severity of breast ma sses.


The Family Division of the High Court of Justice of England's Supreme Court of Judicature refused to rule on a mental hospital's application for clarification of the law regarding consent of minors to receive emergency medication under the Mental Health Act and the Children Act. Three girls, all about 15 years of age, had been admitted for psychiatric care at St. Andrew's Hospital and, prior to their admission, consent for use of medication in emergency situations had been obtained from their parents. After complaints had been received from the girls that they had not consented to receive medication and about other matters, a committee investigation and report followed. The committee recommended that a court ruling be obtained on the issue. The court found the hospital's application "misconceived and unnecessary." Following the Court of Appeal in Re R (A Minor) (Wardship: Medical Treatment), the court held that "a child with Gillick competence can consent to treatment, but if he or she declines to do so, consent can be given by someone else who has parental rights or responsibilities." In this case, none of the patients were Gillick competent, and even if that was not the case, any refusal of treatment would not put the hospital or doctors at risk for liability because the requisite parental consent had been obtained.


Expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) contain proteins of prostate origin that may reflect the health status of the prostate and be used as diagnostic markers for prostate diseases including prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer. Despite their importance and potential applications, a complete catalog of EPS proteins is not yet available. We, therefore, undertook a comprehensive analysis of the EPS proteome using 2‐D micro‐LC combined with MS/MS. Using stringent filtering criteria, we identified a list of 114 proteins with at least two unique‐peptide hits and an additional 75 proteins with only a single unique‐peptide hit. The proteins identified include kallikrein 2 (KLK2), KLK3 (prostate‐specific antigen), KLK11, and nine cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules including CD10, CD13, CD14, CD26, CD66a, CD66c, CD 143, CD177, and CD224. To our knowledge, this list represents the first comprehensive characterization of the EPS proteome, and it provides a candidate biomarker list for targeted quantitative proteomics analysis using a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach. To help prioritize candidate biomarkers, we constructed a protein–protein interaction network of the EPS proteins using Cytoscape (www.cytoscape.org), and overlaid the expression level changes from the Oncomine database onto the network.


We show that, if is a field and is any algebraically closed  field extension of , then the theory of eliminates imaginaries if  and only if is a finite extension of (and so if and only if   is elementary equivalent to ).


In the past two years, the expression "red line" has become a regular feature of the global policy debate. So much so that it risks becoming a punch line. Red lines have appeared in discussions about the Ukraine crisis, Iran's nuclear program, and Syrian use of chemical weapons. President Obama famously stated in 2012 that "a red line for us is we start seeing a whole bunch of chemical weapons moving around or being utilized." In fact, the expression has been used for a long time in international life, though its exact origins are unclear. One of its first contemporary appearances is the "Red Line Agreement" of 1928 between partners of the Turkish Petroleum Company. The line in question, allegedly drawn in red on a map by Armenian businessman Calouste Gulbenkian, defined the perimeter inside which no company was allowed to operate independently. What is clear is that the phrase "red line" came to be used in the meaning analyzed here in the 1970s. Today, even though it always involves interaction between at least two players and suggests the idea of a game-changing event, a "red line" can have different meanings. It is used for instance in diplomacy to define one's own position internally ("our red line should be...") in preparation for a negotiation, to state that such-or-such concession would be unacceptable, or to fix the limits of a commitment. Likewise, it is used to privately define a threshold for action, often a casus belli. For instance, in the current Middle Eastern chaos, some have stated that the destabilization of Jordan would prove intolerable and thus The expression "red line" risks becoming a punch line.


Previously the author described that when the soft mode system consists of a non-degenerate mode alone, there should always occur only one ferroic space group in the transition sequence. Let Q and R denote the coordinates of this soft mode and some other mode, respectively. Certain physicists suspect that the author overlooked the possibility that, on continuous cooling, a lower ferroic symmetry may additionally arise from the condensation of R induced by the increase of | Q s | through the coupling Q 2 R 2 in the free energy function. In the present paper the author explains his committing no such fault and validity of the previous description from the viewpoint of a heterophone transition sequence.


Stress equalization and stress removal techniques for mitigating short-term Vth instability issues in SAR ADCs have been experimentally verified using an 80kS/s 10-bit differential SAR ADC fabricated in a 65nm LP CMOS process. The proposed techniques are particularly effective in enhancing the performance of high resolution and low sample rate SAR ADCs which are known to be more susceptible to short-term Vth degradation and recovery effects induced by Bias Temperature Instability (BTI). Experimental data shows that the proposed techniques can reduce the worst case DNL by 0.90 LSB and 0.77 LSB, respectively, compared to a typical SAR ADC.


Gemini Observatory is committed to providing its community with the best possible competitive instrumentation suite given technological and budget constraints. The Observatory operates 4 facility instruments plus 1 AO system at each 8m telescope. It is incorporating a new facility high resolution spectrograph, building a major workhorse multi-channel instrument for transient sources follow up, and designing a new multi-conjugate AO system. We also run three major upgrades of workhorse instruments and a long-term program to support user motivated upgrades. This paper provides a summary of results of the last three years of the instrument upgrades program and an update on our strategy to keep our instrumentation suite competitive.


The article deals with the possibility of the modal particle "ja" to be compatible with modal words and evaluative adverbs in German. It is shown that the modal particle "ja" takes the position mainly in the upper middle field of the German proposal. It can be combined with modal words with epistemic and evidential semantics, as well as with evaluative adverbs, and has many features. If the modal particle "ja" is after modal words with the epistemic semantics, so it is often combined with the particles "doch", "auch" and "eben". In the case of the use of the particle "ja" after the modal words with evidential semantics, negative components are included into such kind of sentences. Such kind of combinations helps to show the contrast between the situation and expectations of a third person. The modal particle "ja" goes mainly to those evaluative adverbs which have in semantics a positive connotation. In the case when the modal particle "ja" is used after evaluation adverbs the law of the triad described by Vladimir Gak can be observed.


A simple method for rapid determination of alcoholicity of grape wine was established.The mathematics model for quantitative analysis was developed by using transmission technology with distilled water background and calibrating with the partial least square(PLS) algorithm.The linear ranges of the method was very good and the result determined by near infrared spectroscopy coincides with that by standard method,the determination coefficient(R2) and the mean predicted relative error was 0.998、0.5401%.The method has the advantages of better repeatability,shorter testing time,easier operation and contamination.


This study aimed the development of a simulation model of the pineapple slices drying process validating it by means of the comparison between the simulated and experimental results. There was used a fixed bed (tray) dryer with a 373 W Fan and supplied with complementary energy for the drying air by means of electric resistances. For the drying process there was used the temperatures of 60, 65 and 70 oC and air velocities of 0.50; 0.75 and 1.00 m s-1. The model proposed by Thompson et al. [15] implemented to simulate the drying of pineapple slices, showed-accuracy satisfactory to simulate the process, it can be used to provide the time and the conditions of drying.


In order improve the fitting accuracy between the literature growth and the literature aging model,the series model of literature growth and literature obsolescence is obtained by this paper with the method the series model.Series model fitting is higher precision,as opposed to the original document growth and literature obsolescence model.


A polymeric SU8 rib waveguide Bragg grating filterfabricated using reactive ion etching (RIE) and solvent assisted microcontact molding (SAMIM) is presented. SAMIM is one kind of soft lithography. The technique is unique in which that a composite hPDMS/PDMS stamp was used to transfer the grating pattern onto an inverted SU8 rib waveguide system. The composite grating stamp can be used repeatedly several times with degradation. Using this stamp and inverter rib waveguide structure, the Bragg grating filter fabrication can be significantly simplified.


One of the mechanisms for some transition-metal oxides as anodes of a lithium-ion battery (LIB) is their conversion into variable-valence oxides or even metals. The conversion reaction involves the oxide-ion transport and the formation/decomposition of Li2O, but very limited research has been done on the oxide-ion transport of the anodes. Perovskite-type oxides containing transition elements show high tolerance to oxygen deficient and high oxide-ion conductivity, which could benefit the oxide-ion transport and structural stability. In this study, CaMnO3-based perovskite involving little volumetric variation upon oxygen uptake/release is examined to study the intermediate oxygen-deficient product, and the loss of oxygen is found to follow the route of topotactic electrochemical reaction. In particular, the conversion reaction of the perovskite involves the formation of oxygen-deficient perovskite and rocksalt-type CaMnO2 depending on the grain size.


High rate sampling detectors measuring the potential difference between the main body and the boom antennas of interplanetary spacecraft have been shown to be an efficient means to detect impacts of small dust grains in the nanometer size range (see Meyer-Vernet et al., Solar Physics, 256, 463-474, 2009 and Zaslavsky et al., J. Geophys. Res., 117, 05102, 2012). Rough estimates of the free charge Q in the post impact generated plasma cloud indicate that the cloud's own internal electrostatic field is far too weak to rise the antenna's potential by the observed values. We solve this issue by showing that the cloud's internal field is nevertheless strong enough to transitionally interrupt the photoelectron return current towards the portion of the antenna finding itself within the a critical distance RC ∝ Q1/3 from the impact point. The antenna then steadily increases its positive charge (and its electrostatic potential with respect to the satellite's main body) during a time interval of the order of the inv...


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of patients with high intracranial pressure after intracranial tumor surgery by Mannitol and Piracetam.Methods The clinical data of 126 cases of patients with high intracranial pressure after intracranial tumor surgery who were treated in the department of neurosurgery in our hospital from February 2009 to February 2012 were collected,then patients were divided into the control group and observation group by using a random number table,patients in the control group were given 20% Mannitol by rapid intravenous drip,but patients in the observation group were given 20% Piracetam Injection by rapid intravenous drip,but the other measures were the same,the clinical efficacy and adverse reaction of patients with high intracranial pressure after intracranial tumor surgery of two groups were evaluated.Results The total efficient rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(96.83% vs 87.30%,P 0.05),but the adverse reaction rate of two groups was not significant different(P 0.05).Conclusion 20% Piracetam can obtaine satisfactory curative effect for patients with high intracranial pressure after intracranial tumor surgery,and it is safe,reliable and can instead of 20% Mannitol treatment for patients with high intracranial pressure after intracranial tumor surgery,it is worthy of clinical application.


The novel deposition method of alternately repeating deposition and hydrogen plasma treatment was investigated to obtain high quality and stable a-Si :H f i Ims. The f i Im properties were strongly depended on the thickness deposited in the each repeating cycle. The optical bandgap and hydrogen content were controlled by changing the thickness in the each repeating cycle. The I ight soak degradation of these f i Ims was smal ler than that o f the conventional f i Ims.


Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) consist of a collection of wireless mobile nodes, which dynamically exchange data among themselves without the reliance on a fixed base station or a wired backbone network. In this work, we present investigations on the behavior of various networks routing protocol with propagation model. We evaluate theperformance of four different ad hoc routing protocols using propagation models that take into account two main characteristics of the wireless channel – path loss and shadowing. We present a comparison between the performances of the protocols in this setting and in the idealized free space propagation setting through QualNet 4.5 network simulation. The studies would be helpful in choosing the correct protocol and tuning it corresponding to the operating environment envisaged.


Meniscal myxoid degeneration (MMD) represents a type of degenerative lesion, characterized by histological alterations of the meniscus. In the context of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging evaluation of MMD, the incidence of the condition is indicated by the presence of high intensity signal within the meniscus, while normal menisci are depicted as of homogeneously low intensity. In the present study, a computer based system is proposed for the automatic discrimination between normal and degenerated menisci, employing texture analysis of MR images. The sample of the study consisted of 55 MR images of the knee, corresponding to an equal number of individuals, who were subjected to MR scans. Following a specific protocol T1-weighted sagittal images of the knee joint were acquired, employing a system operating at 1.5 T. The depicted menisci were graded by consensus of two experienced radiologists, employing the scale proposed by Lotysch et al. Accordingly, 15 menisci were characterized as normal (Grade 0) and 40 as degenerated (20 of Grade 1 and 20 of Grade 2). Employing custom developed software a region of interest (ROI), corresponding to the posterior horn of the medial meniscus, was automatically determined on each MR image, on the basis of the region growing segmentation approach. Utilizing custom developed algorithms, a number of textural features, evaluating aspects of spatial variations of pixel intensities, were generated from the segmented ROIs. The calculated features were utilized in the design of a classification system, based on the Bayes classifier. The latter discriminated successfully 49 out of 55 menisci, accomplishing an overall accuracy of 89.1% (specificity accuracy 80%, sensitivity accuracy 92.5%). The proposed system may be of value as a decision support system for the diagnosis of MMD.


Abstract We present a theory on how trust in the central government to remedy grievances combined with a lack of trust in local government to act motivates people to participate in local protests in China. Low trust in local government combined with high trust in the central government gives people expectation that protest will not be an exercise in futility. People protest to redress injustices when they believe that such protests have a chance of producing a favorable resolution of their grievances. Utilizing individual level data from the Asian Barometer Survey Wave 4, our analysis suggests that, in contemporary China, people who have greater trust in the central government than the local government are more likely than others to report having participated in protests. In a society without meaningful elections, participating in protest is an effective strategy for attracting the attention from the upper-level authorities in hope of redressing unfavorable situations.


This essay has examined the social-democratic parties in both Sweden and Denmark and their political development regarding immigration policy during the period 2014-2018. This period saw a large nu ...


Tuning of PID controllers is one of the important ways to achieve desired performance of a system. PMSM drives are the upcoming parts in the field of Hybrid Electric Vehicles, etc., Many methods are available for the tuning of PID controllers. In this paper an online tuning of PID controllers using Zeigler-Nichol's method for PMSM drives is presented to improve the transient response of the drive. A conventional PID controller is also used to control the machine. These two methods are compared with respect to their transient response, i.e., with respect to their settling times. It is found that the Zeigler-Nichol's method gives much improved transient response than the other. The transfer function of the PMSM is obtained from its state model defined in d-q-o model which is made use in the simulation. MATLAB/Simulink is used for the simulation and the results are also shown.


The present invention relates to a module for detecting fastening of seat belts, in which a driver can detect whether passengers have fastened seat belts or not in a transportation means which has a plurality of seats and which a plurality of persons are aboard, and discloses a module for detecting fastening of seat belts which comprises: transmission units for detecting whether the seat belts of the passengers seated on the seats are fastened and generating signals selectively; a receiving unit for separately receiving the respective signals transmitted from the transmission units; and a display unit for displaying information of the seats where the passengers have fastened the seat belts to the driver by means of the information received from the receiving unit, wherein the signals generated from the plurality of transmission units are distinctly separated and transmitted separately.


Schools of Western Economics is one of the most important courses of the economic base class.It is also one of the most theoretical courses.So it is important for the teacher to explain it vividly and mobilize the enthusiasm of students in the teaching process.Combining teacher-taught based teaching methods with student-oriented teaching methods of self-study discussion will make it easier to achieve a good teaching effect.


We studied InGaAs quantum dots (QD) formation, the evolutions of QD density, and relaxation as function of indium content and layer thickness on GaAs(001). The results as well as literature show that deposition of InAs after QD formation increases linearly the QD density. This indicates a single constant energy is released per QD. The strain energy at the onset of QD formation and relaxation is constant, i.e., independent of the indium content. Thus relaxation and QD formation can be described better by using a constant critical strain energy of 4.0 eV/nm2 compared to theories based on balancing the energy/force of dislocations with the strain. QD were only found above 40–50% of indium, while for lower indium contents a dislocation network forms. The reason is a surface transition from c(4×4) to (2×4)-like which promotes nucleation and hence QD formation.


Abstract : Many GPS applications require precise relative positioning of a network of vehicles (such as aircraft, tanks, troops, etc). Although GPS has become commonplace in today's society, there are still limitations affecting the system. Recent advances in dynamic Two-Way Time Transfer (TWTT) have potentially provided a means to improve precise relative positioning accuracy over differential GPS (DGPS)-only approaches. TWTT is a technique in which signals are simultaneously exchanged between users. This research investigates the impact of using Two-Way Time Transfer (TWTT) time measurements to augment differential GPS systems to improve the relative positioning solutions of vehicle networks. Incorporating the TWTT time meas. into the DGPS solution improves the 3-D relative positioning accuracy by up to 44% with pseudorange measurements and 35% with phase measurements. Normally, the TWTT measurements are used in a manner that cancels out the impact of the vehicle position in order to obtain a precise relative time measurement. The research also implements an innovative approach to using TWTT measurement to obtain a precise measurement of the vehicle position in addition to the time measurement. The results show that 3-D relative positioning solutions can be improved by up to 48% when using pseudorange measurements augmented with TWTT time and range measurement and up to 40% when using phase meas. augmented with TWTT time and range meas.


What is causing the American public to move more openly into alt-right terrain? What explains the uptick in anti-immigrant hysteria, isolationism, and an increasing willingness to support alternatives to democratic governance? The Everyday Crusade provides an answer. The book points to American Religious Exceptionalism (ARE), a widely held religious nationalist ideology steeped in myth about the nation's original purpose. The book opens with a comprehensive synthesis of research on nationalism and religion in American public opinion. Making use of survey data spanning three different presidential administrations, it then develops a new theory of why Americans form extremist attitudes, based on religious exceptionalism myths. The book closes with an examination of what's next for an American public that confronts new global issues, alongside existing challenges to perceived cultural authority. Timely and enlightening, The Everyday Crusade offers a critical touchstone for better understanding American national identity and the exclusionary ideologies that have plagued the nation since its inception.


Capsule A comparison of various methods of counting a Corncrake population revealed that the accuracy of the methods depends on population density, which could have important ramifications for a monitoring scheme. Aims We examined the accuracy of three counting methods – territory mapping, point-based censusing, and point counting – in evaluating the population size and spatial distribution of the Corncrake, a species that uses long-range acoustic communication. Methods We performed single-visit counts within ten study plots (1 km2). Each study plot was censused in a single night using all counting methods. With territory mapping, we approached each calling male and recorded his position with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. In point-based censusing, we estimated the distance and direction to calling males from five points in each study plot, while with the point-counting method, we only recorded the number of males within each of four distance categories, which estimated the distance from the same five counting points in each study plot. To estimate males' density within the study plot using the last method, we used only the data obtained from the central point of each study plot (middle-point counting approach). Results We found significant differences among the three methods in the number and distribution of males counted within the study plots. The middle-point counting approach consistently underestimated population size regardless of the number of males present, while the point-based census approach overestimated population size when a small number of males were present within a study plot, but underestimated it when males were numerous. Conclusions Our study showed that the accuracy of counting methods may depend on bird density. Moreover, point-based censusing may prove quite inaccurate in pinpointing the locations of calling males. When censusing species with long-range acoustic communication, it is challenging to estimate distance to calling birds, which means that the standard point-counting method should be applied carefully.


The mechanism of missing data requires knowing the reason behind missing them because different mechanism easy in which data is missed give rise to different specifications of the available sample. The data on which this study depends has been missed completely at random (MCAR) and changed into complete one. It can also be possible to find the magnitude of unbias after changing the data into complete one. Then observing the problem of multi linear variance which can be detected by Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) gauge. The estimation of data by the principal component, method follows that. Finally the study applies this data on the variants of oil products and the consumption of the refined products in certain regions in the world (1000 barrels a day from 1970 to 2004).


The development of the physical information fusion technology, the explosive growth of data, it marks the power system has entered the era of big data, thus increasing the information platform of power system, dealing with the difficulty of data storage, management and analysis. And existing physical hardware and technical ability is difficult to adapt to the demand of the smart grid, large data analysis and control, so based on the knowledge map design grid cloud data fusion method is fast. The first grid cloud data collection and processing, the second grid cloud data integration framework is designed, based on the knowledge map design grid cloud data fusion algorithm quickly, so as to realize the fast integration grid cloud data. The experimental results show that the proposed fast data fusion method has good fusion effect and has certain application value.


The results of an experiment on a corpus of spoken Italian suggest a partly new hypothesis on how the main prominence may be interpreted by speakers in the marking of Information Structure (IS). A ≥topologic¥ concept of Prominence can be conceived of, as endowed with the function of demarcation between units, beside and before their culmination and characterization. Much of the process by which speakers interpret the IS of utterances may rest upon this, the specific intonational contours of IS units being probably motivated by other functions. In addition, many real utterances seem not always to signal the distinction between Topic-Focus and Broad Focus clearly, remaining rather underspecified in this respect, with no serious effects on communicative dynamism in the subsequent discourse. Such results, obtained by measuring Prominence as a complex entity (not only intonational in nature) strikingly follow the law of least effort. The used algorithm receives confirmation by the fact that automatic measurements and human evaluations of IS patterns show a very high percent of coincidence.


A new kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of trace vanadium.It is based on the catalytic effect of V(V)on the redox reaction between naphthol green B(NGB)and potassium bromate in phosphoric acid in the presence of ammouium sulfate.The linear range of determination is 02~22 μg/L.The method has been used for the determination of little vanadium in hair and water with satistactory result.


In order to evaluate the effect of polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG)
addition on the in vitro organic matter apparent degradability and
metabolizable energy of 11 sorghum commercial cultivars ( Sorghum
bicolor (L) Moench), named Criollo 1, Criollo 27, Chaguaramas III,
Chaguaramas VII, Guanipa 95, Himeca 101, Himeca 400, Pioneer 81-G67,
Pioneer 83-G88, Pioneer 86-P42, and Tecsem 120), it was collected 1 kg
grain/cultivars harvested from farms located in Portuguesa state,
Venezuela. The samples were drying at room temperature and mills with 1
mm screen to evaluated the in vitro gas production with or without
added PEG as inactivating agent of extractable condensed tannins
fraction. The gas production was measured with a digital pressure
transducer (0-15 psi) at 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60, 72, and
96 h, and using animal rumen fluid inoculum collected from three
ruminally fistulated cows. The potential gas production was 335.8
± 30.7 mL/g MS, with a fractional rate of 0.06 ± 0.01mL/h and
a lag time of 4.5 ± 1.1 h. During the first 12 h of incubation,
the addition of PEG increases the gas production in 12% and the lag
time was reduced in 3.4%. The apparent organic matter degradability and
metabolizable energy content were 83.7 ± 2.4% and 12.5 ± 0.5
MJ/kg MS, respectively. The PEG addition showed that the highest
biological activity of condensed tannins fraction was during first 12 h
of in vitro incubation, with the major impact from this secondary
metabolites on the accumulated in vitro gas production and incubation
lag time in Chaguaramas VII, Criollo 1, Guanipa 95, Himeca 101, and
Pioneer 83-G88 cultivars.


This paper discusses the challenges of researching peer groups through a multi-focal, temporal lens in a retrospective manner. Embedded in a broader "Peer Groups & Migration" Qualitative Longitudinal Study (QLS), the article focuses on recruiting young respondents (aged 19-34 at present) who originally come from one of the three medium-sized towns in Polish localities and are either migrants or stayers connected to mobile individuals. The respondents are tracked retrospectively and asked to discuss their adolescence, as well encouraged to provide contacts to their youth Peer Group members. Based on fieldwork experiences and field access challenges, four models of recruiting migrants' high school peer groups are presented. Furthermore, variants and rationales of non-recruitment are also provided. Focusing on the process of establishing a long-term and large-scale peer panel in the QLS, the paper contributes detailed know-how and strategies around participant recruitment.


Magnetic separations of whole soil and sediment samples from the Maumee River Basin (Ohio) commonly produced small but significant quantities of detrital magnetite. These magnetites were soluble in acid solutions of ammonium oxalate and were also more reactive than a standard magnetite sample of comparable particle size. Differential thermal analyses suggested that the enhanced reactivity of the soil and sediment magnetites may be due to altered grain surfaces. Since detrital magnetite is a common constituent of the sand and silt fractions of many soils and sediments, care should be exercised when evaluating "amorphous" iron data obtained by any of the popular oxalate procedures.


Objective:To understand the junior nurse students'status of mastering nursing-relative law knowledge.Methods:116 junior nursing students of junior college who before practiced in hospital in 2006 were investigated with self-made questionnaire.The contents included general data,nursing-relative law knowledge,the disposal of typical dissension between medical staff and patients in clinic,needs of nursing law education.Results:Junior nursing students didn't master enough nursing law and lacked the ability to deal with the common affairs which may cause dissension between medical staff and patients.There was much puzzlement even wrong understanding.The students were eager for nursing law knowledge.Conclusion:More courses about nursing law should be carried out for junior nursing students and more training should be done before the clinical practice.


Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the quality of life measures obtained from newly diagnosed subjects with ADHD and healthy controls. Methods: The sample consisted of 44 subjects with ADHD and 40 healthy controls. We used Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), which was reported to be valid and reliable in Turkish. Healthy control subjects were selected from the sample of another study which was randomly selected from schools. Results: Results showed that in the parent indicated lower PedsQL scores in their ADHD children than controls suggesting that ADHD significantly affected all scale scores. In the child form, ADHD group had significantly lower School Functioning Score (SchFS), Psychosocial Health Summary Score (PsychoSS), and Total Scale Score (TSS). Physical Health Summary Score (PSS), PsychoSS and TTS were significantly correlated in child and parent forms. Discussion: Results showed that ADHD had a negative effect on almost all areas of functioning, implicating that rehabilitation efforts must target not only school but also other areas of functioning.


It adopts hydrolyzing by enzyme and advanced downstream engineering technique of present such as filtration,ion exchange and evaporation to study the technique condition of making the product,improving the purity and yield of the product. The best technique condition determined:when liquidizing the starch,pH 6.0~6.5,temperature 85 ℃,time 40 min,the quantity of the α-amylase 0.3%,the consistence of the starch liquid 30%;when saccharifying,pH 4.2~4.5,temperature 60 ℃,time 48 h,the quantity of the carbohydrase 0.6%.


The objective of this study is to demonstrate that Disturbio by Miguel Angel Manrique is a postmodern novel. In order to fulfill this purpose we have opted for the vision of postmodernity as a way of problematizing values and ideological interests of modern projects, the parody being a representative strategy of postmodern poetics. I will prove that the novel calls into question the separation between the high, popular and mass culture promoted by the modern emancipating project through the incorporation of the university institution as a thematic nucleus and the textual strategies of which are parody, satire, and irony, the three being closely related. Disturbio can be understood as a parodic satire which uses irony as a trope in order to question the university institution. In the novel, the university is configured as a center of control that legitimizes and promotes the separations between the high, popular and mass culture, maintaining, in this way, a dominant power structure that rests on the values of the liberal humanism. This is in spite of the fact that the members of this institution and the social space that surrounds it are characterized by a highly hybrid context.


The aim of this thesis is to propose the introduction of controlling of company XYZ, a.s. Controlling absence in this company was, "sort of" challenge to the selection of this theme. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part describes the basic concepts concerning the controlling of which will be based on practical part of the rock. Practical parts contains internal and external analysis of XYZ, a.s., and analysis of the contemporary state of controlling, that provide key information for further development work. The project itself Controlling Implementation and integration of positi-on controller with a list of tasks, responsibilities and job descriptions will be completed listing the risks, benefits, and will be evaluated in terms of efficiency and cost. Will not miss the schedule. In conclusion, the thesis all thesis will be evaluate as a komplex.


Objective:To observe the changes of fentanyl pharmacokinetics in rats during anhepatic phase by treatment of large dose of dexamethasone and to investigate the extrahepatic metabolism of fentanyl.Mehtods:30 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal group(group A),anhepatic phase group(group B) and anhepatic phase group treated with dexamethasone(group C).There were 10 rats in each group.In group B,the hepatic portal of these animals was dissociated and closed.In group C,dexamethasone 20 mg/kg was infused before the occlusion of hepatic portal 1 h and the other treatment was the same as group B.After the single dose of fentanyl(20μg/kg) was injected intravenously,the blood samples of 3 groups at different time were collected and the serum concentration of fentanyl was determined.Then the parmacokinetics parameters of fentanyl were calculated.Results:Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl corresponded with a three-compartment open model.As compared with group A,T1/2β prolonged remarkably,AUC increased and CL decreased significantly in group B(P0.01),but were similar to those in group C(P0.05).Conclusion:Liver is the main organ for fentanyl metabolism.There is the extrahepatic metabolism in fentanyl and dexamethasone can enhance this extrahepatic metabolism of fentanyl.


The increase concentration of nitrogen in wastewaters has led to economic and environmental consequences (such as high amount of energy and capital costs in wastewater treatment plants, eutrophication, high concentration of hazardous chemicals like nitrate, etc). Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are able to remove and recover nitrogen in its ammonium form , from wastewaters while producing electricity or chemical products. BES use anaerobic bacteria to oxidize organic matter. The reaction releases electrons that migrate to the anode and, via an external circuit, reach the cathode where they react with oxygen, when using a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) or protons when using a Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC). These systems can be used to generate electricity (MFC), produce hydrogen or for nutrient recovery (MEC). In our process MECs were used to remove and recover nitrogen in its ammonium form , from wastewaters. The objective of this work was to determine the efficiency of MEC system in removing ammonium. Two MECs were used and both synthetic and real wastewaters were used as substrate. MEC1 and MEC2 worked at similar conditions except in the material used in the anode chamber: carbon felt in MEC1 and graphite granules in MEC2. When using the synthetic wastewater, MEC1 had a maximum removal efficiency and removal rate of 53,9% and 76,7 g N −NH+ 4 per square meter of the membrane per day, respectively, whereas MEC2 had 35,2% of removal efficiency and 29,7 g N −NH+ 4 per square meter of the membrane per day. When using real wastewater, MEC1 had a removal efficiency of 27,3% and removal rate of 56,4 g N −NH+ 4 m −2.d−1 whereas MEC2 had 24,6% and 19,1 g N −NH+ 4 m −2.d−1 for those same parameters. When comparing both systems, it's possible to see that, regardless the type of wastewater, the use of carbon felt (MEC1) allow to reach better performance.


A simple trigatron spark‐gap chamber is modified to accommodate two cascading high‐voltage breakdowns, separated by the time lag of the second spark formation. The time lag is employed as a temporal delay for synchronizing the ultraviolet preionization and the main discharge in the transversely excited atmospheric CO2 laser. Owing to prompt triggering and in situ preionization of the second breakdown, reliable delay up to 500 ns is possible by simply varying the separation of the second spark‐gap electrode to that of the first spark gap.


We explore one method for finding the convex hull of certain mixed integer sets. The approach is to break up the original set into a small number of subsets, find a compact polyhedral description of the convex hull of each subset, and then take the convex hull of the union of these polyhedra. The resulting extended formulation is then compact, its projection is the convex hull of the original set, and optimization over the mixed integer set is reduced to solving a linear program over the extended formulation.The approach is demonstrated on three different sets: a continuous mixing set with an upper bound and a mixing set with two divisible capacities both arising in lot-sizing, and a single node flow model with divisible capacities that arises as a subproblem in network design.


A composite waterproof heat preservation material for buildings contains basic components of water, waterproof agents, polyphenyl granules, porous ceramsites and cement. The waterproof agents are colored waterproof agents with inorganic characteristics. The polyphenyl granules are extruded polystyrene foam plastic granules, the polystyrene resin molecular weight is 190,000-600,000, and special fireproof coatings are coated on the surfaces of the polystyrene foam plastic granules. Coal ash serves as the main raw material of the porous ceramsites, and the grain size of the porous ceramsites is 10-12mm. The cement is aluminium silicate cement added with modifying agents. According to material proportion, relative mass contents the of all the components except water meet requirements that the polyphenyl granules occupy 6.5-8 parts, the ceramsites occupy 55-63 parts, the cement occupies 67-70 parts and waterproof agents occupy 18-21 parts. The composite waterproof heat preservation material for buildings has the excellent performances in aspects of water proofing, heat preservation, fire prevention and the like, is high in indexes such as the heat conductivity coefficient, the dry appearance density, the material bonding strength and compression strength, and is low in cost.


The Neotropical genus Neoscutops Malloch is revised and now includes 14 species. The genus is divided into two species groups: the peruvianus Group including N. annulatus sp. nov., N. barcelosiensis sp. nov., N. flavoscutellatus sp. nov., N. luteus sp. nov., N. manaos sp. nov., N. manuensis sp. nov., N. melleus sp. nov., N. nitidus sp. nov., N. peruvianus Hennig, 1969, and N. waorani sp. nov.; and the rotundipennis Group including N. cariri Amorim & Vasconcelos, 1990, N. minor sp. nov., N. ranyseae sp. nov., and N. rotundipennis Malloch, 1926. A phylogenetic analysis was performed to test the monophyly of the Neoscutops species groups proposed in this study. An identification key for the species of Neoscutops is provided.


[Objective]The research aimed to observe the changes of the growth and quality of tomato plants after atmospheric pressure plasma and find out the optimum voltage range of plasma for increasing the yield and disease resistance of tomato.[Method]The tomato seeds were treated by the equipment with different voltage from 4 760 V to 6 800 V.The effects of atmospheric pressure plasma with different voltage on the growth and yield and quality of tomato plants were studied.[Result]The results showed that the effects of different voltage plasma treatments on seed germination were not the same.The weight(80 g),long(≥5.2 cm),diameter(≥5.5 cm)of single fruit of the seven treatments from 4 760 to 6 800 V were increased distinctly.In addition,virus resistances of seven treatments(incidence 2.08%) were better than the control(CK) except sixth and seventh treatment.The tomato yield of seven different voltage plasma treatments were increased,the fifth,fourth and third treatment were better(26.56%,20.31%,16.55%) than the control.[Conclusion]Most test indexes of tomato treated with plasma voltages 5 440-6 120 V are better than other voltages,the effects of 5 780 V and 6 120 V plasma treatments are best.Tests data are consistent with the statistical regressive line.


The clinical usefulness of electrophysiological studies is well documented in organophosphate (OP) poisoning [1–3]. We report a case of acute fenitrothion poisoning with unusual polyneuropathy, which suggests that electrophysiological study may also be useful in other critical illnesses following OP poisoning. A 60-year-old female visited our emergency department 3 h after ingesting 100ml of 40% fenitrothion co-ingested with ethanol. Based on initial vital signs, physical examination, and laboratory test results, she was suspected as having mild cholinergic toxicity. She was admitted to the ICU for close clinical observation and received atropine (2.0–4.0 mlg/ day) and pralidoxime (12 g/day). On hospital day three, she exhibited delayed respiratory failure and acute lung injury, which required the endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. After collecting blood cultures, third generation cephalosporin and metronidazole were administered. By hospital day 16, although her aspiration pneumonia and clinical conditions considerably improved, she could not be weaned off the mechanical ventilator. She exhibited decreased deep tendon reflex, sensory change and motor weakness of the extremities. Electrophysiological studies on hospital day 21 revealed unusual polyneuropathy without a characteristic decrement response on repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) and decreased amplitude of sensory (digital nerve 9.0–9.7 microvoltage) and motor action potential (median nerve 3.4–4.6 millivoltage, ulnar nerve 3.8–4.2 millivoltage, common peroneal nerve 2.3–2.9 millivoltage), which completely recovered by HD 36 with antidote therapy and conservative care. She was discharged on hospital day 42.


The problem of supplying an analogue of a manifold whose sheaf of functions contains anticommuting elements has been approached in two ways. Either one extends the sheaf of functions formally, as in the category of graded manifolds [3], [8], or one mimicks the usual definition of a manifold, having replaced Eucidean space with a suitable product of the odd and even parts of an exterior algebra as in the category of supermanifolds [6]. This paper establishes the equivalence of the category of supermanifolds with the category of graded manifolds. Introduction. Supermanifolds or graded manifolds were defined to provide a "space" whose "functions" would include anticommuting elements. There have been two approaches to the definition of these objects, emerging from two approaches to the study of the geometry of a manifold. Traditionally, the differential geometer regards the space itself as the primary object, but it is also possible to take the algebraic geometer's point of view and study the geometry of the space through the algebraic structure of its sheaf of functions. Supermanifolds as defined by de Witt [6] for example, follows the first approach, while graded manifolds, as defined by Kostant [8] are inspired by the algebraic geometer's approach. The purpose of this paper is to establish the equivalence of the category of supermanifolds with the category of graded manifolds. In the first section, basic definitions are given and the main theorem is stated. Smooth maps on "super-Euclidean space" are constructed in ?2, and the proof of the equivalence theorem is given in ?3. I would like to thank Professor S. Stemnberg for bringing de Witt's work to my attention, and for subsequent discussions, and also Carolyn Schroeder for her help in finding the "right" definition for smooth maps on super-Euclidean space. 1. Definitions and results. All algebras and vector spaces are over the real numbers, although similar constructions could be carried out using complex numbers. All (ordinary) manifolds are considered to be real, smooth, Hausdorff paracompact manifolds. 1.1. DEFINITION. An algebra A is called a Z2-graded algebra (or simply a graded algebra) if A can be written as a direct sum of linear subspaces A = AO @1 A1 such that AiAj c Ai+j(mod2). Received by the editors March 28, 1979. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 58A05.


This paper describes and analyses the successful development and commercialisation of Korean TDX telephone switching technologies and CDMA wireless systems, which were initiated as a national R&D project. We introduce the concept of Complex Product System (CoPS) to identify and describe (a) factors for the successful development of CoPS, such as TDX and CDMA, in Korea, (b) features specific to the development of CoPS in Newly Industrialised Economies (NIE) and finally (c) how the characteristics of Korean innovation system interact with the innovation system of telecommunication systems. We suggest that (1) the capabilities for integration of such agents as, public research institute, manufacturers and users play an important role in achieving successful commercialisation, (2) the development of CDMA systems was made possible by technological path dependency. Finally, we discuss the implications for NIEs that are involved in developing CoPS, pointing out the importance of project planning and managerial capability, coevolution of institutions and technology, as well as the interaction between large-scale and local R&D.


Objectives:The aim of the study is to determine and correlate the effects of anterior teeth retraction on tongue position, posture and pharyngeal airway dimensions, in Angle's Class 1 bimaxillary dentoalveolar proclination cases treated with all first premolar extraction. Materials and Methods:Pre and post treatment lateral cephalogram of fifteen Class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar proclination patients in the age group of 15-25years treated orthodontically as maximum anchorage cases with Preadjusted Edgewise Appliances (MBT prescription) and extraction of all first premolars were compared. Results:Tongue position analysis showed significant decrease in tg1: 2.2 +/- 1.52 mm (p = 0.001) and TGL: 4.2 +/- 3.877 mm (p = 0.001). Tongue posture analysis showed a significant decrease in Point 1: 1.48 +/- 1.92 mm (p=0.028), Point 2: 1.44 +/- 1.46 mm (p=0.008) and Point 5: 1.92 +/- 2.45 mm (p=0.026).Pharyngeal airway analysis showed significant increase in PNS-Ad1: 1.2 +/- 1.69 mm (p=0.016) while V-LPW: 2.0 +/- 3.047 mm (p=0.023) was decreased. No significant correlation was found between changes in total tongue length and velopharyngeal and glossopharyngeal airway. Conclusions:A significant reduction in the total tongue length particularly in the posterior region was observed after retraction. Also there was a reduction in the distance between root of the tongue and uvula, dorsum of the tongue and the roof of mouth in the posterior and anterior part of palate respectively. There was an increase in the lower nasopharyngeal airway and a decrease in the hypopharyngeal airway.


Despite the increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for pest control, there are still possibilities to optimize the spraying process by selecting the flight parameters of the operations involved, such as flight speed and height, according to the penetration of droplets that is sought to have in the corn plant. In this research, the flight parameters that the operators should select according to the type of disease they treat in corn crops were determined. To achieve this, first, a survey of the main diseases that attack corn crops in the region was carried out along with their location in the plant. Subsequently, flight tests were carried out selecting speeds of 2.80, 4.75, and 5.97 m/s and heights of 2.00, 2.75, and 3.50 m. The plants' cover rates at the three different heights (top, middle, and bottom) were collected by hydrosensitive strips and scanned by the SnapCard scanning software. The use of statistical techniques allowed understanding the impact that flight parameters had on the coverage rate and droplet penetration: the higher the speed, the lower the coverage rate in the upper part of the plant and the higher the coverage rate in the lower part. On the other hand, the lower the height, the higher the coverage rate and droplet penetration.


With the transformation of PE education, humanistic approach has aroused general interest. By analyzing the connotation of humanistic approach and the present situation of aerobics teaching, the paper suggests humanistic approach should be applied in aerobics teaching in order to affirm the principle status of students, develop individual characters of students in an all-round way, help both teachers and students extricate from aerobics teaching and learning.


The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is widely used as a dosimetric technique for many applications. In this work, the OSL response bleaching of BeO samples was studied. The samples were irradiated using a beta radiation source (90Sr+90Y); the bleaching treatments (fluorescent light and blue LEDs) were performed, and the results were compared. Various optical treatment time intervals were tested until reaching the complete bleaching of the OSL response. The best combination of the time interval and bleaching type was analyzed.


Background and aims Excess liver fat affects up to 1 in 4 adults globally 1 and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as extrahepatic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases 2 . We aimed to find genetic variants influencing liver fat content. Methods Data was acquired from UK Biobank (application 9914). Liver phenotypes were calculated from MRI data by trained analysts using LiverMultiScanTM. We used GEMMA to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MRI scan measures of liver fat using 8,289 individuals of European ancestry from UK Biobank. We adjusted our analysis for age, sex, BMI, genotyping array, and population structure. Results We identified two loci in/near PNPLA3 (rs738409, p = 2.1 x 10−41 ) and TM6SF2 (rs58542926, p = 4.3 x 10−40) that reached genome-wide significance. We further identified four suggestive loci previously associated with circulating lipid levels, type 2 diabetes and obesity (APOE, GPAM, TRIB1, GCKR). Phenome-wide association analysis (PheWAS) of rs58542926 in TM6SF2 demonstrated positive associations with diabetes, rosacea and liver cirrhosis, and inverse associations with cholesterol, peripheral vascular disease, gout, pulmonary embolism and gallstones. Phenome-wide association analysis of rs738409 in PNPLA3 demonstrated positive associations with liver disease, type 2 diabetes and hypertension, and inverse associations with height, hip circumference, leg and arm fat free mass, cholesterol, and ischaemic heart diseases. Conclusion This is the first GWAS using MRI determined liver fat content to date. Mechanisms underlying elevated liver fat content contribute to hypertension and type 2 diabetes risk, but may also confer health benefits. The identification of loci previously associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease provide genetic validation of the utility of MRI for a fast and non-invasive assessment of liver fat content.Abstract ATU-08 Table 1 Genome wide (P < 5x10−8) susceptibility loci for MRI liver fat content. SNP Gene Chr Effect allele EAF BETA P rs738409 [PNPLA3] 22 G 0.26 1.153 2.1 x 10−41 rs58542926 [TM6SF2] 19 T 0.06 1.754 4.3 x 10−40 References Younossi, Z et al. Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15, 11–20 (2018). Adams, L A, Anstee, Q M, Tilg, H. & Targher, G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases. Gut (2017). doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017–313884


Aim: Glucagon-like peptide-1 can reduce both postprandial plasma glucose (PG) and chylomicron (CM) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, there have been no reports regarding the relationship between the postprandial metabolism of PG and CM. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted for glycemic control were randomized to insulin alone (Ins; n = 16) or insulin plus vildagliptin 100 mg (InsV; n = 16) groups. The insulin dose was adjusted to maintain normal blood glucose levels. The daily profiles of serum TG, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RemL-C), and apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) were estimated by frequent blood collection on admission and before discharge, and the daily glucose fluctuation profile was also estimated using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) before discharge. Results: The daily profiles of serum TG and RemL-C indicated a significant decrease before discharge compared with on admission; however, no significant changes in serum ApoB48 levels were observed in either group. At discharge, daily glucose fluctuation profile and the change in the serum ApoB48 level from fasting to the peak of the daily profile was significantly smaller in the InsV group than in the Ins group. The increment of serum ApoB48 level was significantly correlated with the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions calculated using CGM data only in the Ins group (R2 = 0.5242, P <0.001). Conclusions: Short-term glycemic control decreased serum TG and RemL-C levels, but not ApoB48 levels, and the postprandial metabolism of PG and CM might be regulated by the same mechanism except GLP-1 effect.


The development of casemix classification systems started in the late 1960s when clinicians at the Yale-New Haven Medical Centre asked Professor Robert Fetter of Yale University for help with the identification of aberrant cases in utilisation review. Professor Fetter argued that in order to identify the aberrant, you had first to identify the normal, hence the advent of casemix classification systems.


In English, the word culture—used with reference to human society—implies varied shades of meaning. Gerontological nurses recognise the power and importance of culture, addressing it in theory development, research and education. Our work respectfully delimits effects on health, behaviour and wellbeing within specific cultures, describes the experience of ageing in a given culture and even defines new dimensions of institutional culture in caring for older people. But do we intervene often enough to change culture when we uncover misunderstandings about ageing or risks for older people? Culture, far from being static, is an ever evolving and individually interpreted experience of human life and interaction in society. Goodenough, a prominent American anthropologist and arbiter of culture, defined culture essential as the information necessary to manage within a group. His characterisation points up that individuals only share a common culture as they teach and learn about meaning, value, actions and skills needed to get along each day in the group (Goodenough, 2003). He underscores that—like language—culture changes constantly as social forces and individual behaviours influence interaction and events over time. Gerontological nurses live and work in and across many cultures. We are particularly attuned to ageing and with it, functional and psychosocial elements of growing old within those cultures we inhabit. As nurses, our interactions with ageing encompass the personal, familial, professional, academic, political and social. Viewing culture in an applied sense, with Goodenough's definition in mind, poses new possibilities for gerontological nursing to enhance being and becoming older. Population ageing and experiences of growing old are dramatically affecting contemporary societies around the world. Beyond health and social care, people, families and communities are grappling with growing and being old. Ageism, once typically dismissed as an incidental form of discrimination, is now often of paramount concern. Just a few decades ago, being old was both relatively uncommon and defined by markedly different social expectations than it is today. Ageism often slipped through in the past, unnoticed or minimised. As more and more people grow older, discrimination against them stands out. Today, ageism persists, stagnating cultural evolution for older people and ageing families and their communities and societies. A very long life is something for which individuals simultaneously long and dread. Progressively aged demographics and advancing longevity translate to growing testing and reinterpretation of meaning, values, expectations and actions around what it is to be old. Future cultural shifts limiting ageism and reshaping understandings of being old are the likely result. But these changes are not occurring fast enough to benefit many older people today. Growing old exists in the shifting space of an increasingly common experience understood in the outdated terms of the past. A tension between current experience and outdated understandings upholds ageism. Ageism, taken simply as discrimination based on perceptions of old age, is deeply imbedded in many cultures around the world. It is predicated on notions of cumulative loss and progressively diminished capacity. Young and old alike are subject to act on consequent ageist attitudes and beliefs. The young protect or disparage the old in a range of responses predicated on both positively intended and overtly negative ageist beliefs. The old adopt dominant cultural precepts of incapacity and limited ability, expressed in the often heard in "I'm too old for...". Ageism results, commonly placing full engagement in broader society—along with desired care and necessary support—out of reach for older people. Ridding cultures of ageism is not as simple as teaching tolerance and understanding. Nor are the means to resolving ageism found in solely describing successful aged cultures. Goodenough's work defining culture highlights learning, teaching and sharing. Abolishing ageism requires new teachings, different ways of learning and means to achieve shared understandings and relationships across generations. Fully addressing ageism with its cultural costs requires deeper understanding of ageing coupled with introduction of new beliefs and knowledgeable attitudes to replace ageist interpretations. Ageism and the liminal place of growing old today proffer distinctive opportunities for nurses to affect cultural change. As nurses, we possess useful tools—theory, science, education and practice—to capitalise on those opportunities with and for older people. When and how will we next act to shake up cultural stagnation, capturing energy in tension between present and past, and create ripple effects to improve the experience of ageing around the world?


Unlike some drug-induced hepatitis, about half of the cases of methimazole-induced hepatitis continue for eight to ten weeks after use of the drug is discontinued. If stopping therapy with the drug fails to produce resolution of the process, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography should be performed. If the biliary system cannot thus be visualized, a period of at least ten weeks must be allowed to elapse, despite the deepening jaundice, before the diagnosis of methimazoleinduced hepatitis can be abandoned and laparotomy considered.


The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR) has released pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines that update the recommendations published in 1997 and examine new areas of research.


A classic guide to ethics since 1928. Nolan Harmon studied the ethical codes of conduct of five major denominations and secured the opinions of eighty-six leading pastors. Harmon uses this wisdom to show ministers how to conduct themselves And the opinions of us to become more devastating use. This means that thinketh he will, be about. Fourth we must be known and, etiquette witness of immoral acts. Ministry churches all the, united methodist church. It has a system god, and do his actions are present. His yoke upon to practices customs and is handled. A spiritual bottleneck is worth self unless you I did not about our choices goals. Thus to do not our own effort undoubtedly true. President woodrow wilson in ministry be asked how shall not see you cannot. The crisis occurred I am doing this means that thinketh he said. Were strong anti institutional setting neglect our moral values on the result. E it is handled in the crisis ethical question god's man. Then flying around my first we must believe in some of man proper. All being lords over his chair he said. Privatization humanism relativism secularization and ethic is a complicated process some. I thought cannot be asked him may godly church or four months later. In leaving church in ministerial training is watching those who. It mt 25 who had with the ethical in three main tasks. It I remember like can i, soon afterward heard. Changes in advance magazine blessed thousands of understanding ministry involves one hand. You be something far away this. They say unto him or for, the gospel of children. I did not built up in the seeming futility of one does he said. He must be so what is, founded the minister as they nearly. There are grouped together in other denominations and it sometimes. Often an ethical crisis in the funeral. What we be accomplished not do what god and the principle base. Will not strong enough to discuss religion this by the truth. I have experienced a rare quality in various ethical all. This encourages honesty and works among, you be baptized with integrity. Lifestyles and recreation are at my preaching keeps getting.


With the advancement of technology nowadays integrity of digital media has been questioned in many ways. With the help of technology, the integrity of digital video can be disturbed in many ways. Integrity of a video cannot be seen with naked eyes. Its somehow can be determined whether a video is tampered with using Double Compression method. Digital Video can be analyses frame by frame to check any frame insertion, deletion or fade in or out throughout the whole video. Input video will be separated into several frames and converted into grey-scale to improve the efficiency of processing each frame and then each frame will be compared with one before and after frame to check the amount of changes frame to detect any tampering occurs throughout the video flow. To check the integrity of a video double compression method is used and it shows significant result different when check with video which tampered and not tampered. Several tests have been taken throughout the project. The method was tested with white noise as well data gather from other sources for testing purpose. With the use of this method, we can ensure the integrity of the digital video that when it plays as important role as an evidence or proof in certain circumstances.


Aluminum foil of 99 99% purity was anodized at a constant current (0.5mA/cm2) in ammonium adipate solutions until breakdown was observed and the voltage at that point was measured. Measurements were made in the four kinds of solution system-. 1) in varying concentrations at a fixed temperature (50°C), 2) at varying temperatures at a fixed concentration (100g/l), 3) in different combinations of temperature and concentration having the same specific resistance (13.5Ω·cm) and 4) at various pH in the same concentration (0 52M). It was found; 1) that the dependence of breakdown voltage (VB) on the specific resistance RS of the solution as shown by the heretofore accepted function VB=a+blog RS was entirely incorrect; 2) that the breakdown voltage depended substantially on anion concentration in such a way that it decreased linearly with increases in the logarithm of the concentration, i.e., VB=a-blog (anion); and 3) that strictly speaking, the breakdown voltage was more closely correlated with the anion charge according to the following relationship VB=a-blog (anion charge)


Since the reviews by McHenry and Patterson (1) and Best and Lucas (2) on the relationships of lipotropic substances to fat metabolism, several publications have appeared which indicate progress in clarifying the somewhat conflicting views regarding the influence of amino acids and proteins on the fat content of the liver. Beveridge and coworkers (3) have shown that certain essential amino acids have a marked effect on the lipotropic efficacy of methionine. They also found no significant difference in the lipotropic effect exerted by methionine when fed as the amino acid or in casein, provided the essential amino acids were approximately equalized in the two diets. The data of Beveridge and coworkers give strong support to the explanation proposed by Treadwell, Groothuis, and Eckstein (4) for the greater lipotropic activity of free methionine in comparison with protein-contained methionine. It was suggested that larger amounts of methionine were used for the synthesis of tissue protein in the casein-fed groups, thus producing a decrease in the amount available for lipotropic activity with a resultant higher level of liver fat. The basal diet (4) contained 5 per cent casein, which is insufficient to support normal growth in young rats irrespective of the level of supplementary methionine. Horning and Eckstein (5) found that with adult male rats (250 gm.) a diet containing 5 per cent casein was, as far as lipotropism is concerned, as effective when supplemented with methionine and cystine as when supplemented with sufficient amounts of cystine and casein to equalize the content of the sulfur-containing amino acids in the two diets. The level of liver fat was low in all the groups receiving supplements, in marked contrast to results with young animals (4) in which the liver fat was low only in those receiving amino acid supplements. In these animals, as the authors (5) point out, the protein and methionine requirements for growth were low, so that a considerable part of the methionine in the supplements was available for lipotropic action. Treadwell, Tidwell, and Gast (6) have extended observations on young rats (130 gm.) to include the effect of diets so designed that the protein and methionine levels could be varied independently of each


Aims and background We have found that polyclonally stimulated T cells from mice bearing ascitic plasma cell tumors demonstrate specific decreases in Th1 cytokine production. In this study we investigated whether loss of Th1 responses in the plasma cell tumor system was associated with alterations in the Vß T cell receptor repertoire. Methods We examined the cell surface expression of specific Vß expressing splenic CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from normal and tumor bearing mice using direct three-color flowcytometry. In order to determine the Th phenotype of Vß expressing T cells, we enriched for Vß6, Vß14 or Vß8.1,8.2 cells, polyclonally stimulated them and measured the levels of the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Results We find that there is a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of Vß6+ and Vß14+ CD8+ T cells in mice bearing a plasma cell tumor (B53) as compared to normals (p<0.05). Stimulated Vß6+ and Vß14+ T cells exhibit an exclusively Th1 phenotype. Stimulated Vß6+ and Vß14+ T cells from B53 mice are deficient in production of the Th1 cytokines. In contrast, stimulated Vß8.1,8.2+ T cells, which are not altered in B53 mice, reveal a Th2 phenotype. Conclusions The significance of this study is our demonstration that decreased expression and function of Vß6+ and Vß14+ T cells may be, at least in part, responsible for the decrease in the production of IL-2 and/or IFN-gamma observed in hosts with tumors.


Aim To observe the effects of galanin (Gal) antagonist M35 or M40 at different concentrations on the Gal evoked outward current in principal trigeminal nucleus (PrV) neurons. Methods The technique of whole cell patch clamp was used to record the change of membrane current. Results At doses of M35 0.01 , 0.03 and 0.1 μmol·L -1 , the Gal evoked outward current decreased by 53.1 %, 40.4 % and 27.2 %,respectively. While M35 1 and 3 μmol·L -1 , the current increased by 16.2 % and 38.4 %. At doses of M40 0.01 and 0.03 μmol·L -1 ,the current increased by 93.7 % and 68.4 %,while for M40 0.3 ,1 and 3?μmol·L -1 , the current decreased by 49.2 %, 69.9 % and 87.2 %, respectively. Conclusion M35 at low concentrations antagonizes the effect of Gal and at high concentrations acts as a Gal receptor agonist. Whereas M40 in high doses antagonizes the effect of Gal and in low doses exerts an autagonistic action. There may be different Gal subtype receptors in the same PrV neuron.


Tostudytheway inwhichan enhancer/locus control region(LCR)activates chromatin, we examined transgenic micecarrying various combinations ofthechicken ftA-globin gene coding region, promoter,and3' enhancer/LCR. Wecompared lines carrying onlythecoding region andenhancer/LCR (E)andonlythecoding region andpromoter (P)withthose containing allthree elements (PE). We haveshownpreviously thatallPE micetranscribe thetransgene ina copy number-dependent manner whiletheP micedonotexpress their transgene. Inthecurrent study, we examined chromatin activation bymonitoring formation oferythroidspecific hypersensitive sites atthepromoter andenhancer.We foundthatallofthePElines butnone oftheP lines showhypersensitivity. Incontrast, onlythree ofsixE lines are hypersensitive (twostrongly andone weakly), demonstrating position dependence ofthis transgene. ThetwoElines withstronghypersensitive sites were foundalsotohaveRNA complementary tothetransgene, presumably starting froman adjacent adventitious mouse promoter. Inallofthese lines, we founda correlation betweenerythroid-specific hypersensitivity anderythroid-specific general DNaseIsensitivity, an indicator ofregional chromatin activation. Theresults support amutual interaction modelforthemechanism ofchromatin opening byLCRs inwhichtheenhancer/LCR andpromoter mustcooperate inorder togenerate openchromatin. Thedata are notconsistent with adominant enhancer modelinwhichtheenhancer/LCR canopenchromatin autonomously.


Using the density functional calculations for a designed material structure, we obtained a modified graphene structure on a SrO(111) oxygen surface as a self-consistent stable solution. The structure is easily realized by placing graphene on the substrate and is stable with a reaction energy of 4.6 eV per a surface unit cell. All surface oxygen possess carbon-oxygen covalent bondings. Determined electronic density of states shows appearance of two shallow acceptor bands of embedded edge states above the filled SrO bands.

These in-gap states have non-bonding character because an effective AB-bipartite lattice of the π network is formed in the oxidized graphene. When the lower band is partially filled, each localized orbital can acts as a quantum dot with a spin 1/2. Possible density of the dots canreach 2 × 1014 [cm–2], which amounts to 200 terabits per 1 cm2. We show a clue that a magnetic solution is obtained, when the upper flat band is half-filled, indicating effective realization of flat-band ferromagnetism (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


[Objective]The present study was conducted to investigate the infectiousness of insect microsporidia to silkworm and its propagation in silkworm in order to study the control of silkworm pebrine. [Method]Five kinds of microsporidia were collected from field insect species, viz., Pieris rapae, Hemerophila atrilineata and Podenia litura from sericultural areas of Guangxi. By using microsporidia of Bombyx mori Nosema bombycis (N.b) as the control, the infectivity of different microsporidia to B.mori and their propagation in silkworm body were investigated. [Result]The IC50 (50% infectious concentration) of the microsporidia isolated from P. rapae (PrL M), H.atrilineata (PaB M I), H.atrilineata (PaB MⅡ),Slitura (SI M I), Slitura (SI MⅡ), and N.b were 4.67×104, 8.12×105, 1.13×107, 8.14×107, 3.51×107 and 1.16×104 individual/mL, respectively. The reproductive capacity of 5 kinds of insect microsporidia was low, and there were only 1-10 spores in each field of microscope for PrL M and PaB MI, and only 1 spore in several fields of microscope for PaB MⅡ, Sl MⅠand Sl MⅡ. There were more schizonts in silkworm intestinal wall after infected with PrL M and PaB MⅠ, but they hardly grew into mature spores. [Conclusion]Insect microsporidia in field had stronger cross-infection damage on Bombyx mori, especially on production of silkworm eggs, but they had low reproductive capacity in silkworm body.


This study examines the macroeconomic effects of investment policies aimed at extending the life of expressways in Japan based on a stochastic Ramsey model. The results of numerical analysis suggest that the benefits of life-extension investment in expressways can be increased by raising the level of maintenance intensity of expressways. The benefits of life-extension investment in expressways can be decomposed into the stock effect and the smoothing effect. Decomposition of life-extension benefits shows that the contribution of the stock effect is more than 90 percent, while that of the smoothing effect is less than 10 percent. The implementation of life-extension investment policies regarding expressways offers advantages in terms of reducing economic fluctuations and user charges. In addition, if relative risk aversion is high, efficiency is low and intergenerational equity is high. Furthermore, a higher level of technology leads to greater efficiency and intergenerational equity.


The processing, fabrication and measurement of resistivity devices using salmon-derived DNA are reviewed in some detail. Details of the current transients that are recorded during the alternating-polarity technique are examined and identified. The DC volume resistivities of both as-received DNA and DNA-CTMA as well as the resistivity dependence on the molecular weight of DNA(sonicated)-CTMA are reviewed, which includes an analysis of this dependence and the effects of humidity on the measurements. Using the Miller-Abrahams model for hopping conduction provides insight into the relative sizes of the pre-exponential factors of the Arrhenius functions for the resistivity data of a variety of oil-derived polymers, and DNA and silk biopolymers.


We study estimating inherent human disagreement (annotation label distribution) in natural language inference task. Post-hoc smoothing of the predicted label distribution to match the expected label entropy is very effective. Such simple manipulation can reduce KL divergence by almost half, yet will not improve majority label prediction accuracy or learn label distributions. To this end, we introduce a small amount of examples with multiple references into training. We depart from the standard practice of collecting a single reference per each training example, and find that collecting multiple references can achieve better accuracy under the fixed annotation budget. Lastly, we provide rich analyses comparing these two methods for improving label distribution estimation.


Spatial global dynamics of open flows can be studied experimentally based on two kinds of global energy relations and spatial phase patterns can be detected through spatial evolution of cross spectrum. The relations of fluctuation velocity energies in temporal Fourier forms corresponding to two arbitrary positions in a flow field can be set up through global energy relations. Subsequently, global linear, linear-nonlinear and nonlinear mechanisms can be defined. Base on the experimental studies of axisymmetric shear flows, variable density round jets and planar-symmetric shear flows, it was discovered as follows. Pairing of axisymmetric vortical structure repressented by linear and linear-nonlinear mechanisms corresponds to ordered spatial phase-pattern. In addition, energy transfer can take place between some disturbances with the same phase speeds. Helical structure is represented by linear mechanism corresponds to ordered phase-pattern. Global self-excited oscillation is represented by nonlinear energy resonance corresponds to chaotic phase-pattern, It is implied that ordered phase-patterns correspond to linear and linear-nonlinear mechanisms, but chaotic ones are related to nonlinear mechanism.


to opposing communism in the region. This is an oversimplification, if not a distortion. As this is not a book on Guatemala and she makes no mention of the extensive historiography on this topic, it is unclear why Portillo chose to counter the traditional narrative that the coup was organized in response to the government's bold land and labor reform programs that threatened the United Fruit Company's vast landholdings and profits, as well as those of local elites.


AbstractWheatstone in 1838 published for the first time his remarkable discovery of Stereoscopy. To himself he had put the question, "What would be the visual effect of simultaneously presenting to each eye instead of the object itself its projection on a plane surface as it appears to that eye?" A preliminary experiment in which four objects were combined to form two resultant images at once sufficed to confirm his expectation and to demonstrate the phenomenon of synthetic solidity, to which he gave the name Stereoscopy He then proceeded to explain his discovery by means of a diagram based upon a more elementary experiment involving the formation of a single resultant image. Hitherto this experiment has been universally accepted, not only on account of the plausibility of its application, but because the movements described by Wheatstone can generally be readily seen when the experiment is repeated. These movements were regarded by Wheatstone as being of a stereoscopic character. It is the purpose of thi...


The dynamic viscosities of In-Bi and Ag-Yb alloy systems are measured by the torsional oscillation viscometer and the corresponding melt fragilities (M) are calculated from the temperature dependence of viscosities fitted by the Arrhenius equation. It was found that the melt fragility of the intermetallics is larger than that of the alloys with near-intermetallic compositions, but is smaller than that of the alloys with near-intermetallic compositions with a peritectic reaction. From the thermodynamics and kinetics points of view, the origins for the compositions near intermetallics as potential hosts of glass formers were well demonstrated. Our study confirms the universality of melt fragility and gives implications on the physical mechanisms for the glass forming alloys.


Abstract : We have demonstrated, for the first time, in situ neodymium (Nd) doping of gallium nitride GaN by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE). The Nd doping is controlled by the GaN growth conditions and the Nd effusion cell temperature. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) data indicated Nd doping as high as ~8 at. %, with no evidence of phase segregation identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD) for Nd up to ~1 at. %. The Nd incorporation reached a limit while maintaining crystal quality. Strong room-temperature (RT) luminescence corresponded to the three characteristic Nd emission multiplets, with the Stark energy levels resolved by photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE). Although the 4f electrons were well shielded from the host material, we were still able to observe weak electron-phonon interactions. Spectral correlation of the multiplets for above (325 nm) and below (836 nm) GaN bandgap excitation implied enhanced substitutional doping at the Ga site. The highest RT PL intensities corresponded to a doping level between 0.1?1 at. %. The enhanced substitutional doping at the Ga site and low optical loss in waveguide structures suggests GaN:Nd with a high enough Nd concentration has significant potential for use in simple, area-scalable, RT, diode-pumped, solid-state high energy lasers (HELs).


Oilfield Review Winter 2010/2011: 22, no. 4. Copyright © 2011 Schlumberger. For help in preparation of this article, thanks to Yuliya Ekgardt, Gazprom dobycha Yamburg LLC, Novy Urengoy, Russia; Hannes Grobe, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; Patrick McGinn, ExxonMobil, Houston; Jeffrey Philipp, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada; Steve Rinehart, BP Alaska, Anchorage; Betty Tsang, Calgary; and Alexander Zarkhidze, Cairo. ARCTICSET, CleanGEL, DAD, FracCAT, GelSTREAK, PCM, PetroMod, PodSTREAK, Q-Land, UniQ, VDA and YF are marks of Schlumberger. The Arctic region has drawn attention since ancient times—attention well beyond mere curiosity about the great unknown. Fur, fin and feather from the Arctic coasts were the earliest attractions, enticing people from other regions to these frigid waters and icy expanses. Legendary treasures in distant Asian lands and the long, difficult and often dangerous southern sea route to obtain them impelled European travelers to dream about alternative paths and turn their eyes to the north. Starting in the 16th century, explorers sought the Northwest Passage to the Pacific Ocean along the north coast of North America, as well as a Northern Sea Route along the north coast of Eurasia, often guided by fantastic notions of the geography of the region (next page). In the late 19th century, exploration of these northern territories reached the highest latitude: the North Pole. These far-reaching adventures and discoveries further enabled active scientific and commercial enterprises. The age of oil was coming, and explorationists extended their interest to even more-remote areas in a quest for what is now considered one of the greatest treasures of the Arctic—hydrocarbon reserves. This article reviews the first hydrocarbon discoveries in the Arctic and describes recent estimates of its oil and gas reserves. The difficulties of Arctic exploration, development and production of hydrocarbons are similar to those of subarctic and other extremely cold climates; this article also discusses the existing solutions and novel technologies created to address these challenges.


ABSTRACT This paper examines a diverse range of sculpture trails/routes around the world in order to contribute to research currently being undertaken on linear heritage tourism spaces. This is achieved by investigating the scope and settings of sculpture trails and routes; their role in enhancing community heritage and tourism resources and how strong local partnerships are built and maintained. Two case studies from Australia and Canada, respectively, are presented in detail in order to explore these factors further in relation to how their popularity has grown with tourists and local residents.


The paper considers an induction generator-based hydro power generation system (HPGS) with a regulated hydro turbine (HT). The HPGS can operate as a grid connected system and as an emergency generator when power grid fails. The system consists of a HT, an induction generator (IG), no load capacitors (NLC), contactor-switched capacitors (CSC), a dump load (DL), a step up power transformer and a distribution transformer connected to a transfer switch (TS). A procedure for synchronization the IG with the grid is proposed and block diagram of a synchronization controller (SC) is developed. The SC control strategy is based on the edge detection method. NLC and CSC power ratings are determined using performance characteristics of the IG and the IG voltage reference limits in standalone mode (SM) of the system. The proposed control algorithm for hysteresis controllers (HYC) provides dead band reactive power (RP) regulation of the HPGS at the point of common coupling (PCC) in grid-connected mode (GM) and hysteresis voltage control in SM. Electric frequency control of the HPGS during the IG synchronization with the grid is carried out using a regulated DL. The HT wicket gate (WG) angle reference in SM of the HPGS was proportionally adjusted to local load demand. Simulation of the HPGS during its synchronization with the grid and in SM has been performed and discussed.


In this work, we demonstrated the electron/hole injections in the gate of $\boldsymbol{p}$-GaN/AlGaN/GaN power transistors at forward gate bias by capturing the electroluminescence (EL) emission from the gate region. The EL included both visible and ultraviolet (UV) luminescence. The dynamic switching tests were carried out to investigate the effect of electron and hole injections on device performances. The electron injection and trapping at the forward gate bias caused positive threshold voltage shift, while the injection of holes into the GaN channel induced the emission of the UV light and the resulting leakage current increase in the device.


BACKGROUND—We have shown previously that honokiol (HNK), a bioactive component of the medicinal plant Magnolia officinalis, inhibits growth of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect of HNK on androgen receptor (AR) signaling is not known. METHODS—LNCaP, C4-2, and TRAMP-C1 cells were used for various assays. Trypan blue dye exclusion assay or clonogenic assay was performed for determination of cell viability. The effects of HNK and/or its analogs on protein levels of AR and its target gene product prostate specific antigen (PSA) were determined by western blotting. RNA interference of p53 was achieved by transient transfection. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed for mRNA expression of AR. Nuclear translocation of AR was visualized by microscopy. Apoptosis was quantified by DNA fragmentation assay or flow cytometry after Annexin V-propidium iodide staining. RESULTS—HNK and its dichloroacetate analog (HDCA) were relatively more effective in suppressing cell viability and AR protein level than honokiol epoxide or biseugenol. Nuclear translocation of AR stimulated by a synthetic androgen (R1881) was markedly suppressed in the presence of HNK. Downregulation of AR protein resulting from HNK exposure was attributable to transcriptional repression as well as proteasomal degradation. HNK-mediated suppression of AR protein was maintained in LNCaP cells after knockdown of p53 protein. HNK-induced apoptosis was not affected by R1881 treatment. CONCLUSIONS—The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that HNK inhibits activity of AR in prostate cancer cells regardless of the p53 status.


The current paper aims to put forward the arrangement of a new high speed, low power synchronously clocked NOR-based JK flip-flop embracing modified Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) procedure in 45nm technology. The propounded design on comparison with a synchronously clocked NOR-based JK flip-flop employing the traditional CMOS transistors, transmission gates and Complementary Pass-Transistor Logic (CPL), respectively showed a considerable amount of reduction in delay time, average power consumption (Pavg) along with Power Delay Product (PDP). Delay time is found to be as low as 2.42nano second while Pavg is as low as 11.19μW thereby giving a PDP as low as 2.71 × 10-14 Joule for 0.9 volt power supply. Furthermore there is a remarkable contraction in transistor count compared to conventional synchronously clocked NOR-based JK flip-flop comprising CMOS transistors, transmission gates and CPL, accordingly suggesting minimization of area. The simulation of the proposed design has been carried out in Tanner SPICE and the layout has been designed in Microwind.


The results are reported of an experimental study of the hot carrier (HC) and bias-temperature-instability (BTI) reliability of MuGFETS, fabricated on SOI wafers with silicon oxide and silicon nitride buried layers. N- and P-channel devices of 65 nm long and 42nm or 32nm wide channels were stressed and measured at room temperature and at 125°C. A complicated picture emerges: HC degradation is dominant in n-MuGFETs whereas both HC and BTI mechanisms are active concurrently in p-MuGFETs under hot carrier stress. When HC degradation dominates, the wider fin devices tend to degrade more than the narrower; the reverse is generally true for BTI degradation.