In this paper, we present an implementation of the block power method based on Spark, the big data processing framework, to approximate the dominant eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a large, sparse matrix in distributed computing environment. To take advantage of graph-parallel computation in Spark, we employ the property graph with specially defined vertex and edge types to represent the sparse matrix and the associated block matrix together. Graph operations are then performed on the constructed property graph to efficiently carry out the iteration and decomposition steps of the block power method in parallel. The numerical results on a Markov chain application for modeling stochastic luminal Calcium release site are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the block power method implementation.


This paper focusses on social dynamics of compensation and job satisfaction among employees of selected banks in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Cross-sectional survey design was adopted, primary data were collected using questionnaire administered on 310 respondents using total enumeration sampling.  Data were analysed using statistical techniques including T-test, Chi-square. Findings revealed that there was a strong positive correlation between reward and job satisfaction (r = .439, n = 155, p < .0005); male bank workers were more satisfied with their reward system than the female (M = 42.91, SD = 8.619); [M = 36.88, SD = 9.022; t (153) = 3.771, p = .000]; workers above 30 years of age were more satisfied with their reward systems than workers below age 30 group (M = 101.571, SD = 12.613); [M = 93.625, SD = 9.974; t (73) = 3.044, p = .003). Workers earning above 100,000 naira monthly had higher job satisfaction (M = 101.571, SD = 12.613) than those earning below 100,000 naira [M = 93.625, SD = 9.974; t (73) = 3.044, p = .046). The paper concludes that it is very essential for organizations to provide good compensation system for their workers to enhance their job satisfaction.


Sorption properties of surface modified activated carbon (AC) with p-nitrophenol (PNP) and methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution were investigated. The calculated surface areas for AC and surface modified AC were compared using nitrogen sorption and a dye-based method. The surface areas of AC and the surface modified AC with glutaraldehyde (AC-β-CD) (1:10:10(9)) and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (ACPDICD) measured by nitrogen sorption were 1,269 m2/g, 103 m2/g, and 95 m2/g, respectively (Langmuir model) and 956 m2/g, 74 m2/g, and 69 m2/g (BET model), respectively. However, the calculated surface areas for the dye-based method (PNP; pH 6.00) for AC, AC-β-CD(1:10:10(9)), and ACPDICD was 1,035 m2/g, 814 m2/g, and 76 m2/g (Langmuir model), respectively and 1,491 m2/g, 1,669 m2/g, and 92 m2/g (BET model), respectively. The corresponding surface areas for the dye-based method (MB; pH 8.40) for AC-β-CD(1:10:10(9)) and ACPDICD was 263 m2/g and 171 m2/g (Langmuir model), respectively and 1019 m2/g and 182 m2/g (BET model), respectively. The sorption capacity (Qm ) and binding affinity characteristics [KF (L/g), KL (g/mol), and KBET (L/g)] were estimated at room temperature at equilibrium conditions using several sorption isotherm models.


Study Design A very rare case of Aspergillus fumigatus osteomyelitis of the spine is described. The differential diagnosis, medical and operative treatment, and follow-up evaluation are reported. Objectives To increase knowledge about the pathogenesis and treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis resulting from Aspergillus and to emphasize that such cases still exist. Summary of Background Data Vertebral osteomyelitis from Aspergillus species is an infrequently described disease in Europe and only few cases have been previously reported. Methods A 48-year-old woman with Aspergillus fumigatus spondylitis in the lumbar spine and tuberculosis-lung infection and concomitant debilitating systemic disease was afflicted with incomplete paraplegia and underwent successful combined operative and medical treatment. Results and Conclusions Early anterior decompression with spinal fusion, combined with Amphotericin B therapy, was crucial in bringing about complete neurologic recovery and maintaining the sagittal lumbar profile. Excellent clinical and radiologic results were shown in the 42-month follow-up period.


In this paper, we investigate the problem of sampled-data control for a class of switched linear systems with dwell time. The class of switched system is firstly modeled as a time-delay system, where the control input has a piece-continuous delay. Sufficient linear matrix inequalities conditions for sampled-data state-feedback exponential stability of such systems are derived by a piecewise Lyapunov function and free-weighting matrix approach. A numerical example is finally given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The argument of Unfit for the Future 1 can be summed up as follows. It is easier for us to harm each other than it is for us to benefit each other. For example, it is easier for us to kill than to save life. As the progress of scientific technology has increased our powers of action, our capacity to harm has reached the point at which it is possible for us to undermine worthwhile life on Earth forever. This could be done by the use of weapons of mass destruction or by causing catastrophic climatic or other environmental changes. One central, neglected problem is that a significant cause of these problems is human behaviour, caused by limitations in our psychology as moral agents. Our moral psychology has been adapted to life in small, close-knit societies with primitive technology, in which human beings have lived for virtually all of their history. This is reflected in the fact that we are psychologically myopic, that is, disposed to care more about what happens in the near future to ourselves and some individuals who are near and dear to us. We are also incapable of responding adequately to the suffering of larger collectives. Due to the fact that it is easier to harm, we tend to have a moral reluctance to harm that is stronger than our disposition to benefit, but like the latter, it is largely confined to an …


In the field infection by pathogenic rust fungi was observed to increase invertebrate herbivory of a number of plant species. This phenomenon was investigated in detail in Allium ursinum L. infected by Puccinia sessilis Schroter and Tussilago farfara L. infected by Puccinia poarum Niels and Coleosporium tussilaginis (Pers.) Berk. In the field, 57% of P. sessilis pustules on A. ursinum were grazed and the area consumed by herbivores was significantly greater in rusted than control leaves in nine out of the ten host populations studied. Examination of herbivores associated with rusted A. ursinum suggested that much of the observed grazing could be attributed to several species of mollusc. In a controlled preference test the slug Arion ater L. consumed 6-23 times more rusted tissue than controls. Aeciospores of P. sessilis were present in the faeces of 44 ? 4% of the snail Trichia striolata Pfeiff. 48% of P. poarum-infected T. farfara leaves showed some evidence of selective grazing. Such leaves had 29.25 ? 3.52 rust pustules of which 4.57 ? 0.66 (ca. 17%) were grazed. The slugs Arion hortensis Fer. and A. fasciatus Nilss. consumed signif


Shipper utilization of Interstate Commerce Commission-regulated motor contract carriage in lieu of motor common carriage has grown significantly since the enactment of the Motor Carrier Act of 1980. Under these statutory amendments, the Interstate Commerce Commission also abrogated several restrictive regulatory requirements which contributed to the demarcation between contract and common carriage. Shippers and carriers alike must be cognizant of many other regulatory, legal, and administrative components associated with contract compilation that must be clearly understood prior to entering into a contract and utilization of contract carriage. Failure properly to codify and understand these additional components could subject both shippers and carriers to economic and civil monetary penalties. Therefore, acute attention to detail and thoroughness during contract negotiation, drafting, and compilation process is vital to ensure absolute protection. This study depicts and analyzes several contractual components that must be properly drafted and codified to ensure protection.


The emerges and development of logistics finance is the common needs for the suppliers,terminal users,financial institutions and logistics firms in logistics supply chain.It is not depart from the financial institutions,then takes an unprecedented opportunity for modern finance.Now,logistics finance which is in the embryonic stage in China needs everybody to make joint efforts in order to realize the common gains.The paper argues two parties interaction from the action that finance effects the development of logistics,then studies relevant measures based on the questions in China logistics developing,and advances the concept about logistics finance.


Patent rights are granted for an invention for a limited period of time to the patentee by the Government, in exchange of full disclosure of his invention for excluding others, from making, using, selling, importing the patented product or process for producing that product for those purposes without his consent.1 Plant Variety Rights are granted to the breeder of a new variety of plant. Such variety may be valuable for a number of reasons: increased yields, improved resistance to pests and diseases, or simply because they add to the range available. Breeding a new variety is skilled work, which is time consuming and costly.2 The question of whether patent protection is the appropriate method of protecting plant breeders is a contested one.3 Plant breeding was recognised by many as outside the natural remit of patent law, being agricultural and artistic rather than scientific. Patent law was originally considered unsuitable for protecting new plant varieties developed by traditional selective breeding methods. Patents for seeds implies that a farmer purchasing patented seed would have the right to use the seeds, but not the right to make seed (to save and replant). India is the signatory to TRIPS agreement. Article 27(3)(b) of the TRIPS agreement deals with plant variety protection. Restricting protection of technologies related to agriculture and all life forms has been a part of the Indian patent Act 1970. Sec 3(h) and 3(i) survived through the amendments, sec3 (j) was specially brought into the negative list by the 2002 amendment, in order to avoid any possibility of patenting of life forms.


GaInNAs lasers grown on GaAs substrates are very attractive for the application of uncooled operation with high performance at 1.3 mum region. However, fundamental material and device properties which are important for device design are still not fully understood. In this paper, we investigated temperature dependence of laser and light emitting diode (LED) characteristics for this purpose. We found that the threshold current density (Jth) of GalnNAs laser was considerably lower than that of GaInAs laser at low temperature, although it is much higher at room temperature


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Umbonia crassicornis thornbugs on Albizia julibrissin . Photo credit: Jeremy Gibson.

Cunningly disguised as thorns to avoid the unwanted attention of predators, thornbug treehoppers ( Umbonia crassicornis ) lead a sedentary existence. Sucking sap from the shrubs that they


The Dynamic, Resource-Constrained Shortest-Path Problem on an Acyclic Graph with Application in Column Generation and a Literature Review on Sequence-Dependent Scheduling. (December 2005) Xiaoyan Zhu, B.En., Tsinghua University; M.S., MIT & Nanyang Technological University; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Wilbert E. Wilhelm This dissertation discusses two independent topics: a resource-constrained shortest-path problem (RCSP) and a literature review on scheduling problems involving sequence-dependent setup (SDS) times (costs). RCSP is often used as a subproblem in column generation because it can be used to solve many practical problems. This dissertation studies RCSP with multiple resource constraints on an acyclic graph, because many applications involve this configuration, especially in column genetation formulations. In particular, this research focuses on a dynamic RCSP since, as a subproblem in column generation, objective function coefficients are updated using new values of dual variables at each iteration. This dissertation proposes a pseudo-polynomial solution method for solving the dynamic RCSP by exploiting the special structure of an acyclic graph with the goal of effectively reoptimizing RCSP in the context of column generation. This method uses a one-time "preliminary" phase to transform RCSP into an unconstrained shortest path problem (SPP) and then solves the resulting SPP after new values of dual variables are used to update objective function coefficients (i.e., reduced costs) at each iteration. Network reduction techniques are considered to remove some nodes and/or arcs permanently in the


Working in partnership with the International Planned Parenthood Federation, the Association for the Well Being of Families initiated a sexual health program in Burkina Faso. Between 1995 and 1998, the project conducted a participatory survey on the sexual health of many communities. This approach gave the people, both men and women, boys and girls, the opportunity to make an inventory of their own problems, set priorities, and develop a village action plan. The major problems that surfaced include relationships between couples, poor communication between parents and children, unwanted pregnancies, and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. The decreasing importance of traditional initiation rights concerning sexual information, becoming sexually active at an early age and the tendency to marry later, as well as the poor access to family planning services and contraceptives were some of the identified causes of their problems. Given the effectiveness of the participatory method in addressing sex and reproduction, the association drew up a strategic plan for the year 2000 integrating the participatory approach in all its activities to improve reproductive health, particularly of women and girls. Some of these include the establishment of model clinics, youth program, community-based distribution of contraceptives, and income-generating activities for women.


This paper presents a novel nonlinear control method for a three phase boost AC to DC switched mode rectifier (SMR). A cascade type control structure is proposed, because the dynamics of the current loop are much faster than the dynamics of the DC voltage loop. This can be justified by the singular perturbation theory. The fast nonlinear current controller in inner loop and slow DC voltage PI controller in outer loop are analyzed. System model equations stability analysis is performed at (d,q) rotating reference frame. Performance requirements as: (1) sinusoidal input currents waveform, (2) power factor correction, and (3) robust control of unknown and varying load are well satisfied. The PWM that is also proposed has the following advantages: (1) dynamic performance is under continuous control, and (2) switching frequency can be selected and be fixed. In addition the overall control method has the advantages: (1) there is no need to measure the input voltage magnitude and frequency, and (2) the power factor correction method is not based on input voltage multiplication, but uses the input currents phase angle as distinct control parameter. The principles of operation of the proposed control scheme are explained. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the feasibility of the control strategy.


The invention discloses a decoupling circuit (32) disposed between adjacent RF receive coil elements to automatically decouple the adjacent MRI RF receive coil elements. In one embodiment, the invention involves to inject an RF signal into a first coil element, to measure the RF signal coupled from the first coil element into a second coil element and to adjust the capacitance of the decoupling circuit such as to minimize the coupling between the first and the second coil elements.


This paper displays some modular units within the structure of an interactive, online virtual Internet classroom for collaborative strategies in an open educational environment inside the shared work space of the Internet. The Internet resources global search engine will be presented. Weather forecast module, web gallery of images and structures with frequently asked questions and answers in a virtual classroom. It displays the component for multipurpose connection with the virtual professor, as well as the use of the component for cooperative team work. A virtual hypermedia classroom was implemented using ASP development technology with a user interface to distributed databases.


Reactions of 2-phenyl-4-R-5(4H)-oxazolones (R = Me, CH2Ph, CHMeEt) with [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl2]2 afforded the cyclometallated complexes (η5-C5Me5)(Cl)Ir(L) (1−3) [L = 2-phenyl-4-R-5(4H)-oxazolone(C-o,N)]. 2-Phenyl-5(4H)-oxazolone reacts with [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl2]2 and palladium(II) acetate to give complexes with a C-o,N-bridging oxazolone [(η5-C5Me5)(Cl)Ir]2(μ-Cl)(μ-L-H+) (4) and Pd3(μ-ac)5(μ-L-H+) (5). 2-Phenyloxazolone anions were added to the π ligands of [(η5-C6H7)Fe(CO)3]+ and [(η7-C7H7)Cr(CO)3]+ to give the adducts 6−11. Dipeptide derivatives 12−18 were obtained by reaction of 1, 2 and by reaction of the adduct 6 from [(η5-C6H7)Fe(CO)3]+; and the anion of 2-phenyloxazolone with α-amino acid esters. These reactions may be used for the labelling of peptides. Saponification of 15−18 yields the organometallic substituted peptide acids 19−22. Their dianions (deprotonation of COOH and peptide amide) were used as ligands towards (Ph3P)2PtCl2 to yield the bimetallic complexes 23−25. The structures of 4, 5, 9 and 10 were determined by X-ray diffraction.


Through the analysis of funerary folders, posted on lampposts and walls from the cities of Ouro Preto and Mariana-MG, it has been possible verifying the presence of nicknames, according the their concepts in Brazil, in the most of these documents, both to men as women, what includes the dead person and its relatives. It is the goal of this dissertation evaluating the presence of hypocoristic names – familiar ways of treatment – in front of names or not once, like the first impressions show to us, the women are treated more politely than the men are. Like one derivation of the theme, it has been suggested that names and nicknames are resulted from motivation and not from parents´, what might explain the presence of familiar ways to some persons and different ways to other ones. When we based on onomastic theories, more essentially on the anthroponomy, and on the social ways of personal representation through attributes, it is searched the deeping using a never studied corpus into this academical area. It has been perceived that, besides the sociolinguistics and the dialectology, the theme can be considered transdiscipliinary as well as interdisciplinary; offering other chances of research using the same sampled material.


The spectrum (dispersion and gain characteristics) of longitudinal electro-kinetic waves have been reported for semiconductor quantum plasma embedded in transverse magnetostatic field. The dispersion relation has been derived using well known magnetic field modified QHD model of plasmas. We found that the classical plasma supports the propagation of only four modes whereas quantum plasma supports six modes of propagation. The magnetic field strongly modifies the spectra of all six possible modes and smooths the propagation through the media. It is found that the modes which are contra-propagating are always growing in nature and vice versa. The characteristics conversion from contra-to co-propagation is caused by the presence of magnetic field in most of the cases. The numerical appreciations are made for n-InSb at liquid helium temperature.


Aonla (Emblica officinalis, Gaertn), the Indian gooseberry belongs to family Euphorbiaceae and is known by several vernacular names such as Amalaki, Amla, Amlet, Amolphal, Aovla, Aurna, Chukna, Dhatriphala, Emblic myrobalan, Nelli and Sobju in different parts of the world (Agarwal and Chopra,2004). Aonla is a dry land fruit crop in U.P, H.R, Rajasthan and Punjab. Aonla fruit is probably the richest known source of ascorbic acid (Manny and Shadakshara swamy, 1997). Its ascorbic acid content has been reported to be about 3001000mg/100g (Ghorai and Sethi, 1996). It is also rich in polyphenols (Gomez and Khurdiya, 2005) and other nutrients like pectin, fibre, carbohydrate, thiamine, riboflavin and carotene (Kumar et al., 2005). It is well known for its immense medicinal value and is therefore recommended by Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicines. Aonla fruit is highly perishable in nature and are difficult to store or transport over long distances, therefore it becomes necessary to preserve the fruit in the form of processed products. Drying is one of the oldest technique for the preservation of fruits and vegetables. Unlike other fruits the Vitamin C of aonla is not much destroyed on dehydration due to protection by tannins including gallic acid, ellagic acid and/or glucose present in it (Pragati, 1998). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 11 (2017) pp. 1369-1374 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Abstract Despite the wealth of material available on Lean Six Sigma (LSS) and Industry 4.0 (I4.0), integration of LSS with I4.0 is rarely discussed. This study seeks to fill this gap by studying the critical success factors (CSF) of integrating LSS with I4.0 to enhance organizational effectiveness and efficiency. The methods of quantitative research were used to carry out this investigation. In total, 733 questionnaires were collected from different departments: supply, production, and IT. The questionnaire was used to gather data regarding employees' perceptions of the current state of LSS and I4.0 and the possibility of integrating LSS and I4.0 within their organizations. To integrate LSS with I4.0, it could be claimed that the CSFs of LSS that could be considered important for I4.0 implementation are utilization of the necessary procedures, techniques, knowledge, abilities, and experience to accomplish the project's goals, employees committed to the organization, the organization gives rewards and appreciation to employees for meeting a pre-determined goal, explaining activities and releasing the results in a transparent manner, monitoring ongoing operations to make that the business is on schedule for achieving its goals and performance targets.


The article is devoted to the history of development of Orientalism in USSR during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), special attention is paid to the problem of development of Far East, Mongolian, Chinese and Japanese studies the most urgent during the wars period.


Screening for colon cancer (CC) allows for diagnosis of the early stage for malignancy and potentially reduces disease mortality as the cancer could be cured at disease earliest stages. Early detection could be desirable if accurate, practical and cost effective diagnostic measures for this cancer are available. Mortality and morbidity from colon cancer represent a major health problem involving a malignant disease that is theoretically preventable through screening. Current screening methods (e.g., the immunological fecal occult blood test, FOBTi, obtained from patients' medical records) either lacks sensitivity and requires dietary restriction, which impedes compliance and use; are costly (e.g., colonoscopy), which decreases compliance; or could lead to mortality. In comparison to the FOBT test, a noninvasive sensitive screen for which there is no requirement for dietary restriction would be a more convenient test. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the only cancer for which screening by colonoscopy is recommended. Although colonoscopy is a reliable screening tool, its invasive nature, accompanying abdominal pain, potential complications and high cost have hampered the application of this screening method worldwide. A novel screening approach using the stable miRNA molecules, which are relatively nondegradable when extracted from noninvasive stool and semi-invasive blood samples by currently available commercial kits and manipulated thereafter, would be preferable to a transcriptomic messenger (m)RNA-, a mutation DNA-, an epigeneticor a proteomic-based test. The approach utilizes reverse transcriptase (RT), followed by a modified quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Although exosomal RNA would not be measured, using a restricted extraction of total RNA from stool or blood, then a parallel test could also be carried out on RNA obtained from stool or plasma samples, and appropriate corrections for exsosomal loss can be made to obtain accurate and quantitative results. Eventually, a chip would be developed to facilitate diagnosis, as has been carried out for the quantification of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in foods. The gold standard to which the molecular miRNA test is compared is colonoscopy. If performance criteria are met, as detailed herein, then a miRNA test in human stool or blood samples based on high throughput automated technologies and quantitative expression measurements --commonly used in the diagnostic clinical laboratory-would eventually be advanced to the clinical setting, which will make a vivid impact on the prevention of colon cancer. Correspondence to: Farid E. Ahmed, GEM Tox Labs, Institute for Research in Biotechnology, 2905 South Memorial Drive, Greenville, NC 27834, USA, Tel: +1 (252) 375-9656, Fax:+1 (252) 7561656, E-mail: email@example.com


Abstract A new model of incoherent-to-coherent IR image converter based on a GaAs photo- conductor joined to an electro-optic (EO) Bi12SiO20 crystal has been analysed theoretically and experimentally. The possibility of field transfer from the photoconductor to the EO crystal under infrared (IR) radiation sufficient for realization of the EO (Pockels) effect in the EO crystal was assessed. Based on the electric field parameters and the parameters of the photo- conductor and EO crystal, the threshold sensitivity of the converter was estimated. The experimental photoconductor-EO crystal structure by which IR radiation (0.9–1.5 μm) was converted into coherent visible radiation was obtained on the basis of theoretical calculations. The measured threshold sensitivity of the converter, 5 x 10−4 W/cm2, was found to be in the limits of theoretical estimation. The good recognition results suggest that the advantages of this device, such as good grey-level reconstruction, make it an effective coherent infrared image converter.


The results showed that human wild-type p53, GM-CSF and B7-1 genes could be efficiently expressed in Hep-2 cells mediated by BB-102. The peak expression period was on the second to fourth day after infection and then tended to decrease. However, on the tenth day a relatively low expression could still be detected. These results provided a basis for further experimental and clinical studies of combined gene therapy for laryngeal and other cancers.


I discuss open questions regarding accreting black holes in binary systems, focusing on two questions: can we measure the spins of black holes and what is the nature of the ultraluminous X-ray sources. XMM-Newton could make significant strides in answering these questions and others over the next ten years. I suggest two observational programs designed to help increase our understanding of accreting black holes. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A scanner for imaging plates (12) has a sample-and-drive unit having a rotating light deflecting (54) which generates a revolving in a plane readout light beam (36). On a partially cylindrical clamping wall (28) lying, a memory film by drive belts (70) is moved in the radial direction. In this way, the image plate along a helical line lower pitch is read out.


Several natural organism can change shape under external stimuli. These natural phenomena have inspired a vast amount of research on exploration and implementation of reconfigurable shape transformation. The Janus structure is a promising approach to achieve shape transformation based on its heterogeneous chemical or physical properties on opposite sides. However, the heterogeneity is generally realized by multi-step processing, different materials, and/or different processing parameters. Here, we present a simple and flexible method of producing pH-sensitive Janus microactuators from a single material, using the same laser printing parameters. These microactuators exhibit reversible structural deformations with large bending angles of ∼31° and fast response (∼0.2 s) by changing the pH value of the aqueous environment. Benefited from the high flexibility of the laser printing technique and the spatial arrangements, pillar heights, and bending directions of microactuators are readily controlled, enabling a variety of switchable ordered patterns and complex petal-like structures on flat surfaces and inside microchannels. Finally, we explore the potential applications of this method in information encryption/decryption and microtarget capturing.


Genome-wide ChIP-seq analysis of transcription factor binding and histone marks has uncovered large regulatory domains, known as super-enhancers, that consist of clusters of active enhancers within 12.5 kb of each other. Super-enhancers are characterized by high abundance of H3K27ac histone marks, disproportionate binding of master regulators and coactivators, and drive the expression of important cell identity genes. The algorithm, Rank Ordering of Super-Enhancers (ROSE), was developed to identify SEs based on their characteristics and has been extensively used, on various cell types. Less attention has been aimed at understanding how super-enhancers change in different cellular contexts, and in particular, during the differentiation of stem cells. We use ROSE, in conjunction with other tools, to investigate the dynamics of super-enhancers across myogenesis. Using ChIP-seq data for various transcription factors and stage-matched RNA-seq data, we characterize several super-enhancer regions and their associated genes in myoblasts and myotubes, finding them to be largely stage-specific.


Children with good mental health and well being are children who grow up and develop optimally and are physically and mentally fulfilled. They can also adapt well with other people and actively learn in their schools. However, in contrary, children with poor mental health tend to be passive and less likely to interact with other people in school. Therefore, the health mental and wellbeing is very important for the development of the children. In this case, the teachers have such important roles to acknowledge the mental health and well being of their pupils. The objective of this study is to find out the perception of the teachers about the mental health and wellbeing of the students in their schools. This is a qualitative study, in a form of case study. The data was obtained through interviews and focus group discussion that were conducted to 7 kindergarten teachers from 4 different classes. The study finding shows that most teachers in the kindergarten agree the importance of keeping the mental health of the children, because the children with mental health will show excitement, cheerful, eager to do activities in the school, can get through obstacles in the school, and are confident. All teachers agree to keep the wellbeing of the children, because the wellbeing children are those who show the joy in interacting with people, relax, is not seemed tense, show the desire to learn new experiences, is open, and be able to express their feelings proportionally. All teachers also be able to demonstrate how to keep the mental health and wellbeing of the children in school, which are by always paying attention to the needs of each child, take a special approach on children who are in needs, and engage children in activities that require various fun activities that make them enthusiast to actively participate in various activities in their class.


There is an increasing number of opportunist pathogens that may cause acute pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis as the patient cohort survives longer. However, it can often be difficult to determine if the isolation of these bacteria represents colonization or true infection. Their identification from sputum samples in the microbiology laboratory is also challenging, requires significant scientific expertise, and is assisted by new technologies such as MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry). One such opportunist pathogen is Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, for which risk factors include increasing age and recent oral antibiotics, especially carbapenems. However, it is unclear if this bacterium is transmitted from patient to patient unlike with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but all patients with cystic fibrosis should be admitted to a single room when hospitalization is required. Controversies exist regarding the optimal treatment which in the future may include a greater reliance on inhaled antibiotics.


X-ray production from the interaction of femtosecond laser pulses focused to relativistic intensity into re-entrant targets etched into silicon has been investigated. Kα and hard x-ray yields were compared when the laser was focused into pyramidal shaped cone targets and wedge shaped targets. Hot electron production is highest in the wedge targets irradiated with transverse polarization, though Kα is maximized with wedge targets and parallel polarization. These results are explained with particle-in-cell simulations.


For many membrane proteins, the determination of their topology remains a challenge for methods like X‐ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has evolved as an alternative technique to study structure and dynamics of membrane proteins. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of membrane protein topology determination using limited EPR distance and accessibility measurements. The BCL::MP‐Fold (BioChemical Library membrane protein fold) algorithm assembles secondary structure elements (SSEs) in the membrane using a Monte Carlo Metropolis (MCM) approach. Sampled models are evaluated using knowledge‐based potential functions and agreement with the EPR data and a knowledge‐based energy function. Twenty‐nine membrane proteins of up to 696 residues are used to test the algorithm. The RMSD100 value of the most accurate model is better than 8 Å for 27, better than 6 Å for 22, and better than 4 Å for 15 of the 29 proteins, demonstrating the algorithms' ability to sample the native topology. The average enrichment could be improved from 1.3 to 2.5, showing the improved discrimination power by using EPR data. Proteins 2015; 83:1947–1962. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc


The paper deals with an important issue related to the identification, modelling, and prediction of environmental pollution in aquatic ecosystems of the Baltic Sea caused by anthropopressure. Water ecosystems are in danger nowadays because of the negative influence of chemical releases in seas, oceans, or inland waters. The crucial issue is to prevent the oil spills and mitigate their consequences. Thus, there is a need for methods capable of reducing the water pollution and enhancing the effectiveness of port and marine environment preservation. The challenge in implementing actions to remove and prevent horizontal oil discharge lies in accurately determining its shape and direction of oil spreading. The author employed a self-designed software utilizing modified and developed mathematical probabilistic models to forecast the movement and dispersion of an oil spill in diverse hydrological and meteorological conditions. This involved determining the trajectory and movement of a spill domain, which consists of elliptical sub-domains undergoing temporal changes. The research results obtained are the initial results in the oil spill simulation problem. This approach represents an expanded and innovative method for determining the spill domain and tracking its movement, applicable to oceans and seas worldwide. It expands upon the methodologies firstly discussed, thereby broadening the range of available techniques in this field. A simple model of an oil spill trajectory simulation and a surface oil slick as an ellipse is illustrated using a time-series of selected hydro-meteorological factors that change at random times. The author proposes a Monte Carlo simulation method to determine the extent of an oil spill in an aquatic ecosystem, taking into account the influence of varying hydro-meteorological conditions. A semi-Markov model is defined to capture the dynamics of these conditions within the spill area and develop an enhanced algorithm for predicting changes in the shape and movement of the spill domain under changing these conditions. By applying the algorithm, a simulation is conducted to provide short-term prediction of the oil discharge trajectory in a selected Baltic Sea waterway. To enhance the accuracy of predicting the process of changing conditions, uniformly tested joint datasets from the open sea water area were incorporated. Finally, the potential future prospects and directions for further research in this field are discussed.


The present invention relates to the technical field of communications. Disclosed are an information transmission method and device in voice service, the method comprising: determining whether user personal information needs to be inputted for service obtained in an automatic voice service system; if yes, then acquiring the user personal information required by the service from a pre-stored user personal information base; and transmitting to the automatic voice service system the user personal information required by the service, the automatic voice service system being used to provide service according to the user personal information. The present invention solves the problem in the relevant art of large consumption of time and resources for inputting the user personal information for automatic voice service, thus saving the time of manually inputting the user personal information by the user, avoiding possible errors during manual inputting, greatly improving the efficiency of inputting user personal information, and saving the time and resources used for obtaining the automatic voice service.


This invention is a heat pump double water circulating system of sea thermocline simulation test bed. It belongs to the field of ocean ship engineering technology. It includes water groove, compressor, condenser, temperature controlling expansion valve, evaporator, back water pump, flowmeter, cold water tank, cold water pump, hot water pump, globe valve, water compensating valve, frequency conversion controller, control element and thermometer. This invention uses heat pump double water circulating system, which makes water conveniently transfer heat and reach the needed temperature. The cold and hot water in the water tank is controlled within 0.1m/s-0.6m/s. The temperature of cold and hot water is controlled within 8deg.C-15deg.C. It stimulates the temperature distribution and flow state of sea thermocline under the control of human being. It can greatly save the water resource and electric energy.


The Web provides an increasingly powerful and popular publication mechanism. Web documents often contain a large number of images that serve various purposes. Identifying the functional categories ...


'T Uitnemend Kabinet is a two-volume collection of two and three-part instrumental music from Germany, France, Italy, and Holland, published by Paulus Matthysz in Amsterdam (1646 and 1649). Volume I consists of 54 folios in the treble part book, and 19 in the bass part book; Volume II has 37 folios in the treble part book and 21 in the bass part book. he main part of this edition consists of a transcription of the 103 pieces of Volume II, which is accompanied with a brief commentary on the composers represented, the styles and forms of the music, and evidences of significant developments in early seventeenth-century instrumental music.


[1] A new technique for near real-time optical imaging of surf zone morphology, synoptic imaging, implemented at Scripps Beach, La Jolla, California, permits simultaneous measurements of the time-varying position of individual linear and lunate megaripples, fields of bed forms, rocks, cobble patches, beach steps and sandbars, and troughs. A varying threshold filter for brightness is applied to video frames sampled at 1 Hz to remove pixels corresponding to surface foam and suspended bubbles or sediment. Remaining fragments of the video frames are averaged over time intervals generally ranging from 5 to 10 min to produce images of the surf zone sand bed. To facilitate accurate measurement of the position of sand bed features, these images are enhanced to increase feature visibility, transformed to plan view, and corrected for refraction using surveyed bathymetry and tide level. Contrast in the images results from differences in water depth, shading variations from tilted bed surfaces, and changes in bed material. The surveyed positions of megaripples and sandbars correspond to the positions of persistent features in the images. A ray path model quantifying sand bed contrast as a function of water depth, angle of line-of-sight, and light attenuation coefficient in water predicts that for the Scripps Beach field site, bed forms with height as small as 0.03–0.2 m can be detected in water depths up to 2.5 m, in accord with observations, and that visibility can be improved by changing the line of sight toward overhead viewing. Bed visibility is reduced by persistent surface foam and water turbidity generated by waves with period <8 s and height exceeding 1.5 m. Example images showing transitions between linear and lunate megaripples, location of megaripple crestlines, and the interaction between sandbars, bed form fields, and cobble patches illustrate the potential of synoptic imaging.


These are big questions that only further research can settle, and as the book only takes us up to ' about 1630 ', it provides no means of checking its author's assertions on this last matter. How superior were Dutch technique and business organization when seen in the setting of the trading methods in use in the area of the Indian Ocean ? And how much has to be attributed to their ability to use overwhelming force ? The history of their trade in the seventeenth century in Arakan, Burma, and Siam, where they were not in a position to use overwhelming force, provides a useful commentary on this subject. There is a letter from King Thalun of Burma explaining to the Dutch that their lack of success in the gem trade of his country is due to the fact that their competitors, Muslim merchants from India, have a far better knowledge of its technique than they, and warning them against the use of forcible methods in their trade with Burma. In some cases Dutch activities stimulated native trade rather than the opposite. In his research monograph Jan Company in Coromandel, 1605-1690 fs-Gravenhage, 1962) Dr. Tapan Raychaudhuri shows that in that region ' the expanding efforts of Indian traders ' were a significant feature of the period.


PATIENTS ARE to be encouraged to check that nurses have clean hands after a hospital trust's pilot scheme has increased handwashing rates by 40 per cent.


The present study compares the personality profiles of male and female students of the full time management programme of a management institute. It also examines the differences in personality profiles of the male students of the full time and part time management programmes. Significant differences were found between the male and females students of the full time management programmes . Female students have a significantly higher score in four factors, namely, negative emotionality, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The full time male students were low in negative emotionality. The part time male students were higher in conscientiousness as compared to the full time male students.


Objective: To determine the kappa (κ) concordance coefficient between fine needle aspiration and serum prostatic antigen (PSA) coupled with digital rectal examination and prostatic ultrasound. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study covering the period from January 1st to June 30th, 2018 in the city of Pointe-Noire. It is a study of 31 cases of prostate tumors in Congolese subjects at the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe-Noire of Congo Brazzaville. The clinical, biological, ultrasound and cytological aspects were the variables of the study. Results: The mean age was 71.06 years with extremes of 57 and 93 years. One patient had a family history of prostate cancer that was found at his brother's house at the age of 52. Dysuria was the most represented sign in all of our patients. Suspicion of prostate cancer was the most commonly talked in digital rectal examination. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was greater than or equal to 10 ng/ml in more 74% of our patients. 61.3% of our patients had a heterogeneous prostatic ultrasound. 48.3% of malignant tumors and 32.3% of benign tumors were found cytologically. The association between digital rectal examination and prostatic ultrasound was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) and good agreement was found between cytological diagnosis coupled with digital rectal examination and prostatic echostructure (0.6 ≤ κ ≤ 0.8). A low concordance between prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and cytological concordance was noted (0.2 ≤ κ ≤ 0.4). Conclusion: Prostatic tumors in Congo in their diagnostic particularities are dominated by malignant tumors with a large number of patients to watch. The fine needle aspiration is suitable for orientation examinations of prostatic tumors and can be performed by any doctor and provides us a fast, effective diagnostic orientation with a strong clinico-morphological correlation in our low incomes countries.


For the past forty years, despite the efforts of reformers, American democracy - particularly concerning presidential elections - has been characterized by a movement away from the involvement and influence of ordinary Americans to a system dominated by special interests, media consultants, and money. The numbers of active involved citizenry, the hallmark of a healthy democracy, have been shrinking, and the public feels - with good reason - that it has been losing control. This book examines the changes in technology, society, and law that have encouraged these trends, and provides an analysis of the nomination process, the role of money, the impact of the Electroral College, the influence of political parties and other outside groups, and the changing dynamics of public attitudes concerning our election process. Exploring the downward spiral of our electoral democracy, Losing Control outlines how channeling new technologies through revitalized political parties can bring a vibrant electoral democracy back to the United States. Covering of a wide range of topics that are central to our elections and citing examples from recent elections, this book is ideal for classes on American elections, American political parties, or as supplemental reading in an introductory American politics class.


HKJGOM 2008; 8 (1) 28 Introduction Urinary incontinence is a common problem that can significantly affects the quality of life of women. The reported prevalence of urinary incontinence in Hong Kong ranges between 21 and 41%1,2, of which 40% of women complained of stress incontinence. Surgery for stress incontinence is generally recommended when conservative treatments fail. The open Burch colposuspension has been considered the 'gold standard' in the surgical treatment of urodynamic stress Correspondence to: Dr WY Chan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2958 6049 Fax: (852) 2384 5834 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Laparoscopic and Open Colposuspension: a Three-year Follow-up


In the present paper, a general model was developed that a l l ows the selection of the most cost-effective operation of biotrickling filters for air pollution control. The model was d e m o n s t rated for a typical case of industrial pollution: 10,000 m3 h- 1 a i r s t ream contaminated with 1.5 g m- 3 toluene. The effects of nitrogen (as nitrate) loading on the pollutant elimination capacity and on the rate of biomass g rowth we re considered. Using model simulations, the influence of the nitrate loading on the overall treatment cost was quantified and an optimum nitrate loading was determined. The results suggest that biotrickling filtration is very c o m p e t i t i ve compared to conventional treatment technologies. For the case studied, a treatment cost optimum was obtained at a nutrient loading of 8 g N-nitrate per cubic meter bed volume per day. This represents a relatively severe nutrient limitation. The range of nutrient loading for cost e f f e c t i ve treatment was about 4 to 30 g N-nitrate m - 3 d - 1 . O ve rall, the approach presented herein is widely applicable for the determination of the best reactor design and the optimum reactor operating conditions. I N T R O D U C T I O N


Wireless communication technologies play a key role to support the implementation of Power grid Internet of Things (PIoT). An in-depth knowledge of the radio channel is vital to the application of wireless communication technologies in PIoT. This article investigates the radio channel measurements and characterization for PIoT substation scenarios. A novel channel sounder is designed for achieving omnidirectional measurements and phased array antennas-based directional measurements, and a directional multipath components extraction algorithm is proposed. The channel sounding system is verified and is used to perform a series of 3.35-GHz omnidirectional and directional channel measurements in four substation scenarios, involving a 10-kV switch room, a 110-kV GIS room, a semi-indoor 110-kV substation, and an outdoor 220-kV substation. Based on the measured channel impulse response data, both large-scale and small-scale fading characteristics of substation channels are extracted and analyzed. Empirical models of path loss, shadow fading, Rician $K$ -factor and root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread are proposed. In addition, results of RMS angle spread (AS) of departure and RMS AS of arrival are presented. These results will provide useful reference for the deployment and optimization of wireless communication networks in PIoT substation scenarios.


Abstract Introduction Liver resection is widely accepted as a treatment option for primary liver cancer and metastases. The goal of surgery is to resect all tumours with negative histological margins while preserving sufficient functional hepatic parenchyma and reducing postoperative complications. The use of Indocyanine green (ICG) for liver function assessment and fluorescence image-guided surgery could be used to achieve that goal. Clinical Case Description We present the case of a 62-year-old female patient with diagnosed sigmoid colon cancer with four bilobar liver metastases who underwent a simultaneous sigmoid resection and ICG fluorescence image-guided liver resection 3 days after preoperative ICG liver function assessment. We decided to perform liver-sparing resection having in mind the liver metastases' number, size and location and the slightly impaired liver function (ICG retention rate 15 – ICGR15 was 14,02%). All liver tumours were removed without complications, and the resected margins were all microscopically free of tumour tissue (R0 resection). The postoperative period was uneventful, without any signs of postoperative liver failure. Conclusions ICGR15 can be considered a safe and informative marker for liver function and indirectly for the degree of portal hypertension. ICG fluorescence provides an additional method to assist intra-operative tumour identification. The best timing of injection requires further study.


Abstract As a consequence of the 1944 Education Act church schools were given the choice of opting for voluntary controlled status or for voluntary aided status. In voluntary aided status the Church had more control but carried greater costs. Within England and Wales this distinction is still maintained. This study measures the attitude toward Christianity of 4581 year 4, 5 and 6 students (8- to 11-years of age) attending 87 Church in Wales primary schools, and compares the responses of 1678 students attending controlled schools with the responses of 2903 students attending aided schools. After controlling for sex, age and frequency of church attendance, voluntary aided status is associated with a more positive attitude toward Christianity. In other words, aided status does make a difference to the attitudinal dimension of students' religiosity.


After a power outage occurs, the power grid recovery can be accelerated according to the reasonable recovery path. This paper proposes a recovery path optimization method based on reinforcement learning. This method can solve complex problems in a model less way and improve the efficiency of the method. The goal is to restore maximum power to the grid. The constraints include over voltage, power flow, frequency, and self-excitation. Through continuous interactive learning between the agent and the power grid during the execution of the recovery path, the Q-value function of the power grid state and the recovery path was obtained. Based on IEEE system data simulation, the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method are verified.


It addresses the heterogeneous masses of people with different levels of faith, lifestyle, and experience since the Qur'an was sent. People have different psychological structures and have different social positions. Despite this diversity, the Qur'an continues to affect humanity with the principles and methods it contains besides the magnificent rhetoric that it has in every century. In this study, it was tried to show the inspiration offered by the verses to all the educators. The fact that the education philosophy of the Qur'an is revealed with many examples of verses will enrich the thought agendas of today's educators. The rich heritage that has emerged through the systematic and perfect use of the most appropriate education and training methods for the human fitra, which we see as the secret of achieving the achievement of today's education systems in all educational activities, will be an important footprint for humanity. The education principles and methods used by the Qur'an while educating people are given wide coverage in the light of verses.


SYNOPSIS Detailed vibration measurements were undertaken at eight block type machine foundations with different supporting soil conditions. These extensive measurements were supplemented by theoretical vibratioa calculations using principlly Barkan's method but, at tim~s, usiag methods of Reissner The results of prototype experiments and theore tical studi~s on ~arious compressor foundations described above as also on simila; foundatioas ia the country justify broadly the validity of various theories, particularly Barkan s method, thou h these are based oa somewhat differeat coacepts. Desiga criteria for foundatioas are geneially described ia terms of lirnitiag values of amplitudes of displacement at the operatiag 0 ditioas Ia general the permissible amplitude of vibratioa decreases as the frequeacy ~a~reases.· Thus, the ailowable vibratioa amplitude has to be coasidered along with the operatiag frequeacy of machine.


OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of maternal age on obstetric outcomes in women aged 35 years and older. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective and descriptive study was performed by analysis of patient's files at a maternity hospital. The population of the study were 522 women aged ≥ 35 years who gave birth. Chi-square and t-test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of delayed childbearing was 6.5%. The most common obstetric complications were anemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. The rates of preterm birth and low birthweight were 18.5%, 15.9%, respectively. The rate of neonatal complications in pregnant women aged 40 years and older was significantly higher than 35-39 years (52% and 43.6%, respectively) (p < 0.007). In pregnant women aged ≥ 35 years the rates of preterm delivery, cesarean section and operative delivery were found significantly higher compared with control group of 20-34 years. CONCLUSION: Obstetric and neonatal complications increased with age.


Dissolution testing constitutes one of the most widely used in vitro performance tests during drug development and routine quality control testing. It monitors the rate and extent of in vitro drug release (batch release test), and it is often used to ensure consistent in vivo performance. The purpose of this review is to summarize and update the many physiologically adapted media and buffers proposed over the years, focusing on the upper gastrointestinal tract because this is where most drug absorption occurs. Emphasis will be given on the application of bicarbonate-based media because this is the major buffering species in the human intestinal lumen. Due to the pragmatical difficulties of using bicarbonate-based dissolution media, surrogate media with simpler buffer systems are desirable. Herein we describe some of the proposed models and different approaches to develop such substitutes. Special consideration has to be taken when dealing with enteric coated (delayed release) formulations because the interaction of coating polymer with bicarbonate is very complex. All factors considered, using physiologically relevant conditions can ameliorate the risks and enable drug development with increased likelihood to select formulations with the desired in vivo performance.


A prospective study has been established of CMV among pregnant adolescents and their offspring. Results derived from studies of 53 mothers (mean age 15.6 yrs.) and 54 infants comprise this report. ¶ Thirty-seven of the 53 (81%) were CMV(CF) seropositive when first tested (mean estimated gestational age 23 wks). Twenty-three mothers (43% of total and 62% of seropositives) had one or more positive cultures for CMV and three of their infants (5.5% of total) were congenitally infected with CMV. ¶ The geometric mean (GMT) of maximum CMV titers among virus-positive mothers was 48.5 in contrast to 3.7 among those who were virus-negative (p<0.01). Twelve of 13 mothers with anti CMV titers of 64 or higher were virus-positive and three gave birth to congenitally infected infants. The CMV GMT was 39 in infants born to virus positive mothers compared to a CMV GMT of 4 in babies of virus-negative mothers (p<0.01). All (11) cord blood samples with a titer 64 were obtained from infants born to virus-positive mothers and included those congenitally infected. The determination of maternal and neonatal CMV antibody thus identified a particularly high risk subgroup. ¶ Pregnant adolescents and their offspring may experience frequent CMV infections (exogenous or endogenous in origin). The long term impact of these infections may be a factor in the poor outcome of some teenage pregnancies.


In this paper, we propose a Double Thompson Sampling (D-TS) algorithm for dueling bandit problems. As indicated by its name, D-TS selects both the first and the second candidates according to Thompson Sampling. Specifically, D-TS maintains a posterior distribution for the preference matrix, and chooses the pair of arms for comparison by sampling twice from the posterior distribution. This simple algorithm applies to general Copeland dueling bandits, including Condorcet dueling bandits as its special case. For general Copeland dueling bandits, we show that D-TS achieves $O(K^2 \log T)$ regret. For Condorcet dueling bandits, we further simplify the D-TS algorithm and show that the simplified D-TS algorithm achieves $O(K \log T + K^2 \log \log T)$ regret. Simulation results based on both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed D-TS algorithm.


The aim of this article is to show the sources of difficulties connected with the interpretation of a written discourse in a situation of foreign language learning, and to point out their consequences when developing an approach to written language teaching on the advanced level. It is the written discourse that is analyzed here, treated as a product which fulfills specific functions in the process of communication. The A. is trying to define the nature of factors which are decisive for the effect of a text during its reception and should be emphasized in the written language teaching methods


heightened expression of both the Han ideal city and local cultural forms. This emerges as the basic finding of hcr book. In contrast to my own belief that both traditional Han and nonHan fonns cannot survive except as preservcd relics in Chinese cities, Gaubatz feels that local peoples have found ways in the past decade to reest<ablish their architecture and local conceptions of urban space (p. 315). Translated into the language of anthropology and politics, her conclusion indicates that at present, as in the past, the Chinese system has found a means for preserving loca identities while still asserting the dominance of the Chinese pattern. Although Gaubatz herself never states such a connection, I found her conclusions echo those who look favorably on the Chinese pattern of reform since 1978. The wide grasp of geography and urb,mism displayed in this book, plus its careful presentation mark it its an excellent first book.


Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a promising cellular network. In this network, a large number of distributed and multi-antenna access points (APs) jointly serve many single antenna users using the same time-frequency resource. Consequently, it possibly provides a uniform service experience to users regardless of the users' locations by eliminating interference at cell boundaries via user-centric joint transmission. This joint transmission, however, requires extremely high signaling overheads for data sharing via backhaul links and causes a high network-wide power consumption. To resolve these problems, in this paper, we present a novel joint transmission method, which is referred to as sparse joint transmission (sparse-JT), for cell-free massive MIMO networks with finite backhaul capacity constraints. Sparse-JT jointly identifies the user-centric cooperative APs sets, precoding vectors for beamforming and compression, and power allocation that maximizes a lower bound of the sum-spectral efficiency under the constraint that a total number of active APs per the joint transmission is sparse. The proposed algorithm guarantees to identify a local-optimal solution for a relaxed sum-spectral maximization problem. By simulations, we show that sparse-JT achieves higher ergodic spectral efficiencies than those attained by multi-cell zero-forcing precoding with the user-centric AP clustering algorithm in all system configurations.


In order to adapt to the situation with increasing water demand and watershortage in Beijing, Beijing's Universities need to analyze and develop the potential for water saving in campus, strengthen the con-straction of water-saving facilities and train students with water saving consciousness. According to the relative requests of water use and water saving in Beijing, the universities should pay attention to the importance of water conservation, and offer valuable experience for Beijing to build the water-saving society, by practising water conresation from the aspeets of technology, management nad education.


Phase retrieval problems arise in various fields of applied physics and engineering, such as crystallography, electron microscopy, astronomy, and optics (see [11, 12, 17, 23, 25]). An abstract phase retrieval problem is stated as follows: Find a well–localized smooth complex-valued function f for given moduli |f | and |f̂ |. Here f̂ denotes the Fourier transform of f . Thus the problem is to find the phase of a complex–valued function f , where |f | and |f̂ | are given. This explains the names phase retrieval and phase reconstruction, respectively. R.W. Gerchberg and W.O. Saxton [8] proposed an error reduction algorithm for the iterative solution of a phase retrieval problem. This algorithm can be considered as projection algorithm of nonconvex sets. Often one can observe that the iterates stagnate away from a solution. But up to now, there exists no iterative algorithm for phase reconstruction without stagnation problems. Our research (see [14, 15, 22]) is motivated by applications in laser optics. Here one measures ultrashort laser pulses at 128 or 256 points. Thus we are interested in numerical phase reconstruction of a complex–valued function f from finitely many given data of |f | and |f̂ |. We assume additionally that f is a compactly supported, linear spline with N = 2 complex spline coefficients an, where the values |f(n)| (n = 0, . . . , N − 1) and |f̂(kπ/N)| (k = −N, . . . , N − 1) are given. Then we reconstruct the phases of the spline coefficients an. Note that our approach is not restricted to linear splines (see [15]). In these talks, we propose two methods of numerical phase reconstruction. Since our phase retrieval problem is equivalent to a nonlinear inverse ill–posed problem, we can apply iterative regularization methods (see [2, 7, 13, 19, 24]). First we apply the iteratively regularized Gauss–Newton method (IRGN) (see [1, 2, 3]). Then we use the CG–regularization by inexact Newton method (CG– REGINN) (see [5, 16, 19, 20]). We can show that IRGN and CG–REGINN produce a solution of the nonlinear system. But the restrictive conditions are the crucial point of these convergence results. With other words, IRGN and CG–REGINN require a sufficiently good initial guess. Therefore we construct a convenient initial guess by using a multilevel strategy. First we compute a solution of a related minimization problem on a coarse grid. Then we interpolate the coarse grid solution to the fine grid and use this as initial guess of IRGN on the fine grid. The multilevel strategy concentrates the main effort of the solution of the phase retrieval problem in the coarse, less expensive levels and provides convenient initial guesses on the next finer level. On each level, the corresponding nonlinear system is solved by IRGN. This method is applicable to a wide range of examples as shown in several numerical tests for noiseless and noisy data.


In 2003, in comparably important cities of China, competitive ability of Qinhuang-dao city was in the 40th position, but the talent competitive ability was the 49th in core competitive ability. It shows that core competitive ability is a little weak. The reason is that talents' technique, ability, orientation of value, undertaking spirit and consciousness of creation are comparably weak. So we should heighten our cognition, change our conception, draw talents, foster young talents, enlarge investment, ect.


Purpose: Low vitamin D level is associated with poor muscle strength in older adults, but little is known about its relationship with muscle power and neuromuscular function in a mobility‐limited population. This study examines the cross‐sectional relationship between vitamin D level, leg power, and neuromuscular activation in mobility‐limited older adults.


The electric field dependent spectral properties of a GaAs graded barrier quantum well heterostructure laser are measured for the first time. Data are presented which show that the electroabsorption below the band gap is due to states in the confinement layers which are perturbed by the quantum well under high field conditions. This effect, which is intermediary between the quantum confined Stark effect and bulk Franz–Keldysh effect, should be present in all quantum well systems with shallow wells in short, high field depletion regions.


Excessive elimination of teeth infl uences on the function of all components of the dental system, so, the methods of diagnostics and treatment of this disease are very important therefore. A main event of prevention of further elimination of teeth is renewal of dental rows with the correct choice of technology of restorations and material. Treatment consists in creation of numerous even contact on all teeth overhead and lower jaws, smoothing of occlusal surface. The aim of the study – improvement of partition of masticatory load between teeth by means of interdental res. Materials and Methods. As a result of preliminary inspection of patients with the generalized form of enhanceable elimination of teeth of I–II of degree in age from 15 were 26 to selected 50 patients that needed normalization of occlusal correlations. Testimonies for realization of occlusal correction determined in obedience to complaints sick, and also on results research of diagnostic models of jaws in the managed articulator of Ivoclar Stratos 300 type of Arcon. Rehabilitation events were conducted in two stages. The fi rst consisted in the use of relaxation occlusal tires. The second stage included planning of volume of direct and indirect stomatological restorations, that envisaged realization of cereous design of crown parts of teeth after gypsuming of models of jaws in an articulator in the position set on an occlusal tire. Results and Discussion. Application of articulator for the design of tires allowed to adapt oneself to the set position of central correlation of jaws, that was not determined by interdental contacts, and only by the structure of joints. The even contact of teeth was recreated in central correlation of jaws – antagonists with a tire. After reconstructive treatment from data of questioning the greater amount of patients with enhanceable elimination of hard fabrics of teeth (84 ± 1.8 %) marked the improvement of closing of teeth and removal of the phenomena of discomfort. Conclusions. For treatment of pathological elimination of hard fabrics of teeth there must be complex approach that includes planning of all reconstructive events, both direct restorations and dental prosthesis, in the managed articulator with the use of temporal constructions for verifi cation and adaptation.


Existing studies have shown that effective extraction of multi-scale information is a crucial factor directly related to the increase in performance of semantic segmentation. Accordingly, various methods for extracting multi-scale information have been developed. However, these methods face problems in that they require additional calculations and vast computing resources. To address these problems, this study proposes a grouped dilated convolution module that combines existing grouped convolutions and atrous spatial pyramid pooling techniques. The proposed method can learn multi-scale features more simply and effectively than existing methods. Because each convolution group has different dilations in the proposed model, they have receptive fields of different sizes and can learn features corresponding to these receptive fields. As a result, multi-scale context can be easily extracted. Moreover, optimal hyper-parameters are obtained from an in-depth analysis, and excellent segmentation performance is derived. To evaluate the proposed method, open databases of the Cambridge Driving Labeled Video Database (CamVid) and the Stanford Background Dataset (SBD) are utilized. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method shows a mean intersection over union of 73.15% based on the CamVid dataset and 72.81% based on the SBD, thereby exhibiting excellent performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods.


We report on the experimental characterization of a spatially extended Josephson junction realized with a coherently-coupled two-spin-component Bose-Einstein condensate. The cloud is trapped in an elongated potential such that that transverse spin excitations are frozen. We extract the non-linear parameter with three different manipulation protocols. The outcomes are all consistent with a simple local density approximation of the spin hydrodynamics, i.e., of the so-called Bose-Josephson junction equations. We also identify a method to produce states with a well defined uniform magnetization.


Frequent counselor errors in test interpretation include presenting test results too soon, interpreting them without reference to clearly defined criteria, erroneously assuming their validity, and failing to present them in terms the student can understand. These errors can be reduced through emphasis on the student's felt need for information, helping him state his questions operationally, basing interpretive statements on empirical validity, and by communicating test results in an understandable manner. Observations of behavior to determine student acceptance of the interpretation as well as self-report to determine recall and understanding of the interpretation should be used. The focus of evaluation should be on student recall, understanding, and acceptance of predictions derived from test results.


The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restriction measures have a great impact on patterns of substance use throughout the general population. Interestingly, in contrast to initial expectations on an overall negative impact, data of large surveys show a differentiated picture of impact. A recent systematic review (Roberts et al., 221) showed mixed tendencies towards increased alcohol consumption, contrasting with a clear trend towards the use of other psychoactive (illicit drugs and prescription drugs) substances. patterns of use before COVID-19 (e.g. habit of drinking at home) and availability (illicit drug traffic changes) are among the significant factors. In addition, mental health factors (depression, anxiety) and social isolation are common correlates with substance use. These factors may be of specific importance impacting substance use in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exemplary is an increase in the use of sleeping medication among Belgian adolescents and young adults. In the current presentation data of national (Belgium) surveys on substance use in adolescents will be presented and discussed within the context of findings in international surveys. Disclosure No significant relationships.


The WEBKDD'99 workshop on "Web Usage Analysis and User Profiling" took place at Aug. 15, 1999 under the auspices of the SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD'99). We report on the topics addressed in the workshop, the contributions and the discussions that took place in its framework.


On the basis of summarizing and appraising the mode and mechanism of land redevelopment in urban regeneration in China's transitional period,the relationship between land redevelopment system and urban regeneration is analyzed from the perspective of land system,and then the cooperative mechanism of urban regeneration and land redevelopment is recommended for promoting the development of urban regeneration.


Abstract : The Corps of Engineers' design process relies on the relevancy and currentness of the data used in facility design and the transfer of these data to and from a variety of design and review levels. This report presents a conceptual description of an effective system for the organization, management, and communication of Department of Defense and Corps of Engineers military construction design criteria. The conceptual system comprises three major subsystems: (1) the Standard Design Criteria Subsystem provides for the handling, consistency checking, and production of standard design criteria; (2) the Project-Specific Design Criteria Subsystem permits the introduction of project-specific criteria and the merging of them with standard criteria; and (3) the Facility Criteria File Generation Subsystem translates the criteria into an appropriate format and relates the criteria to the design procedures. (Author)


The present invention relates to a double coated prepared from three different composite oxide containing only palladium three-way catalyst. More particularly, the present invention relates to a composite oxide by insertion, double coated preparing praseodymium oxide, and perovskite methods palladium-only three-way catalyst, the catalyst comprising a first coating layer (bottom layer) and a second coating layer (surface layer) containing palladium.


Multiple radar and aircraft observations of a damaging supercell hailstorm in northeastern Colorado are synthesized to show that the airflow and hail growth conformed in many respects to earlier models derived by the lead author. Some features that before had inferred indirectly are now substantiated and elaborated upon by direct observations.


The genealogies of Gen 5 and 11 are unique in the Scripture record. Gerhard Hasel's term chronogenealogy captures a major aspect of that uniqueness: they are genealogies with a major chronological component.1 By including ages at the birth of each named son, the number of years each individual lived after begetting that son, and the stated or implied total years of life for each individual, the two genealogies appear to provide a means by which to calculate the approximate number of years from Adam to Abraham.2 For


This talk was presented as part of Breakout Session 3 | Panel 3: "Multi-literacies in the FYW Classroom." These are the handouts from the talk.


ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost I want to thank my advisor Ernest Pascarella for his contributions of time, ideas, and guidance during my graduate studies at the University of Iowa. For this dissertation, his mentorship was paramount in providing me scrupulous spirit to scholarship in higher education and student affairs. I would like to thank my committee members: Dr. University of Iowa, your expertise provided a foundation of knowledge for which I pursued as a professional scholar in higher education and student affairs. I gratefully acknowledge the funding sources that helped me pursue my Ph.D. The Educational Policy and Leadership Studies Department funded me for my first four years. Leadership Studies, I had many opportunities to learn all kinds of statistical software, and cutting-edge technology. Lastly, I would like to thank my family for their supports and encouragement. I thank my parents for their unending encouragement and support in all my pursuits. I would like to share this accomplishment with my two sisters in Taiwan. I also share this accomplishment with my wife, Yu-Lan, and my two children, Ilene and Albert. iii ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of deep approaches to learning on development of the inclination to inquire and lifelong learning over four years, as an essential graduated outcome that helps students face the challenges of a complex and rapidly changing world. Despite the importance of the inclination to inquire and lifelong learning, some literature has attempted to operationalize this concept in practical ways. In another limited line of studies, researchers explored how the education process and deep approaches to learning affected students' cognitive development among first-year undergraduates. This dissertation focuses on the ways that the process of deep approaches to learning influences the development of the inclination to inquire and lifelong learning through the positive feelings from information acquisition and the conceptual change from meaningful structure of information. The individuals in the sample were 1,914 first-year undergraduate students participating in the Wabash National Study on Liberal Arts Education at each of the 17 institutions in the study. This longitudinal study was designed to use three waves of data to control for student background characteristics, institutional types, overall exposure to organized instruction, and other college experiences. The current study employed ordinary least squares regressions with a weighting algorithm and also investigated whether the effects were general or conditional based on differences in race, gender, precollege total academic preparation, …


Recent commercial hardware platforms for embedded real-time systems feature heterogeneous processing units and computing accelerators on the same System-on-Chip. When designing complex real-time application for such architectures, the designer needs to make a number of difficult choices: on which processor should a certain task be implemented? Should a component be implemented in parallel or sequentially? These choices may have a great impact on feasibility, as the difference in the processor internal architectures impact on the tasks' execution time and preemption cost. To help the designer explore the wide space of design choices and tune the scheduling parameters, in this paper we propose a novel real-time application model, called C-DAG, specifically conceived for heterogeneous platforms. A C-DAG allows to specify alternative implementations of the same component of an application for different processing engines to be selected off-line, as well as conditional branches to model if-then-else statements to be selected at run-time. We also propose a schedulability analysis for the C-DAG model and a heuristic allocation algorithm so that all deadlines are respected. Our analysis takes into account the cost of preempting a task, which can be non-negligible on certain processors. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a large set of synthetic experiments by comparing with state of the art algorithms in the literature.


The Emotion Ontology is an ontology covering all aspects of emotional and affective mental functioning. It is being developed following the principles of the OBO Foundry and Ontological Realism. This means that in compiling the ontology, we emphasize the importance of the nature of the entities in reality that the ontology is describing. One of the ways in which realism-based ontologies are being successfully used within biomedical science is in the annotation of scientific research results in publicly available databases. Such annotation enables several objectives, including searching, browsing and cross-database data integration. A key benefit conferred by realismbased ontology is that suitably annotated research results are able to be aggregated and compared in a fashion that is based on the underlying reality that the science is studying. This has the potential of increasing the power of statistical analysis and meta-analysis in data-driven science. This aspect has been fruitfully exploited in the investigation of the functions of genes in molecular biology. Cognitive neuroscience uses functional neuroimaging to investigate the brain correlates of areas of mental functioning such as memory, planning and emotion. The use of functional neuroimaging to study affective phenomena such as the emotions is called 'affective neuroscience'. BrainMap is the largest curated database of coordinates and metadata for studies in cognitive neuroscience, including affective neuroscience (Laird et al., 2005). BrainMap data is already classified and indexed using a terminology for classification, called the 'Cognitive Paradigm Ontology' (CogPO), that has been developed to facilitate searching and browsing. However, CogPO has been developed specifically for the BrainMap database, and the data are thus far not annotated to a realism-based ontology which would allow the discovery of interrelationships between research results across different databases on the basis of what the research is about. In this contribution, we describe ongoing work that aims to annotate affective neuroscience data, starting with the BrainMap database, using the Emotion Ontology. We describe our objectives and technical approach to the annotation, and mention some of the challenges.


RCN infection control experts are to focus on the independent sector and perioperative care as part their development of the college's Wipe It Out campaign.


A forest management problem in the Ejido San Miguel, northern Mexico, formulated in a multiobjective framework, has provided a case study to solve using the compromise programming technique. The need for this kind of investigation has manifested itself in various ways. Since a long time ago, harvesting has been the principal economic activity in Mexican forested ejidos. Under that condition, traditional linear programming approaches can be used for forest management to maximize only a single objective function. Recent trends, however, show some movement in multiple -use management of forests. This involves identifying the desired objectives for managing the forest system, and selecting the best alternative management scheme that can achieve the objectives from a set of feasible alternatives. Because it is difficult to simultaneously optimize all objectives in a multiobjective problem, the decision maker searches for the most preferred compromise solution with respect to all objectives and decision -makers (if more than one of them are involved in the decision making process). This can be done by solving the problem using a multiobjective decision -making technique. Compromise programming was chosen to solve the problem in this study because it is one of the best techniques for multiobjective evaluation of natural resource management problems (Tecle 1992). The technique can identify non -dominated solutions under the most general conditions while providing excellent interactive analysis of multiobjective and multiple decision -maker problems (Zeleny 1982). A non -dominated solution of a multiobjective problem is one that cannot produce any improvement in any one of the objectives without making at least one of the other objective values worse (Tecle and Duckstein 1993). To evaluate a problem, compromise programming uses a twofold weighting scheme. One set of weights is introduced to express the decision maker's preference structure among the various objectives or criteria


This work presents and reviews the use of multimethodologies (specifically methodology enhancement) as a framework for model formulation of systems of systems. Multimethodologies have been considered as a valid instrument to intervene complex systems; but systems of systems (SoS) problems are a new generation of complex problems that are challenging the traditional practice of systems engineering (SE). SoS has special characteristics that limit the potentiality of multimethodologies, especially in the model formulation and system design phases; this paper points out some of those limitations through the review of a practical case: the model formulation for a port security system. Finally, some concluding remarks about the need for a more robust approach to accomplish the SoSE efforts are presented.


In this year, the Australian bicentennial, a review of the Australian family is timely. Families — their structure, duration and function — change in response to their environmental context. Aboriginal families were uniquely adapted to their environment, and while first European colonisation was not intended as family settlement, families soon became established. In 1888, the conventional nuclear family was clearly in evidence as a response to an industrialising society. Changes are evident in the family of the 1980s, changes which have implications as this country looks forward to its third century.


THE EXACT localization of a single foreign body in relation to the globe is often extremely difficult; the presence of multiple foreign bodies complicates the problem proportionately. The military oculist is likely to encounter literally dozens of metallic or other fragments embedded in the tissues of the face, lids, globe, orbit, forehead, temple or nose. Most of these bodies may be ruled out as extraocular because of their remote position, but there often remain several which lie within the orbit, and possibly within the eye. To attempt to localize these fragments with the usual two plane exposures would require several tedious plottings. A still greater difficulty would be the virtual impossibility of distinguishing in the lateral projection between fragments which are intraocular and fragments which lie in the adjacent tissues or in the opposite orbit, temple, lids or side of the nose. Aside from these considerations, the x-ray equipment requisite


We demonstrate an integration approach to enable 16nm half-pitch interconnects suitable for the 5nm technology node using 193i Lithography, SADP, SAQP, three times Litho-Etch (LE3) and tone-inversion. A silicon-verified DOE experiment on a SAQP process suggests a tight process window for core etch and spacer depositions. We also show a novel process flow which enable us to pattern tight-pitch metal-cut (block), and effectively scale the trench CD to 12nm at pitch 32nm. Finally we discuss line resistance and resistivity obtained for the 16nm and 12nm trenches created using 193i integration flow.


This study was conducted in Anxi desert area of Western Gansu from April to June, 1988. Thirteen rodent communities were investigated for dealing with the interr-olationships between communities of rodents and their habitats.
Eight species of rodents were captured, and the numbers of species in communities increased from 1 species to 7 species. The community diversity of rodents was negati-vely interrelated with coverage of vegetation and the plant density significantly (r= -0.5869, p0.05; r= -0.6835, p0.0l), and it was not interrelated with the numbers of plant species,plant height diversity and dominances,neither with altitude and annual rainfull.
There are significant differences among rodents in selecting ground water level and substrates. The great majority of species have tended to selecting gobi.There are a few species in the communities where ground water Jevel is higher.


Michael addition of aldehydes to nitroolefins is an effective method to obtain useful chiral γ-nitroaldehydes.  γ-Nitroaldehydes are precursors for chiral γ-aminobytiric acid analogues which have numerous pharmacological activities and are used for treatment of neurological disorders.  A whole-cell system based on recombinantly expressed 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT) has been developed and shown to be an effective biocatalyst for Michael addition of branched aldehydes to β-nitrostyrenes.  The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the substitution of the N-terminal proline with lysine and arginine both containing the reactive e-amino group, on the Michael addition catalyzed by 4-OT.  Firstly, the effect of these mutations was examined by in silico analysis, followed by generation of three terminal lysine mutants.  The generated mutants, 4-OT_K, 4-OT_PK and 4-OT_KK were tested for the ability to utilise β-nitrostyrene ( 1 ), ( E )-2-(thiophene-2-yl)nitroethen ( 2 ) and p -chloro- trans -β-nitrostyrene ( 3 ) as Michael acceptors with isobutanal as the donor.  For comparison, the lithium salt of lysine was used in the same organocatalytic reactions. In general, the introduction of lysine had a negative effect on Michael additions based on overall product yields.  However, additional lysine residues at the N-terminus of the protein resulted in structural changes that enhanced the activity towards 2 and 3. Therefore, the N-terminal proline is important for the 4-OT catalysed Michael-additons, but it is not essential.


In this project, I examine the relationship between population size and resource use, with particular emphasis on carbon emissions. I use a combination of time series methods and regression analysis to obtain forecasts for global carbon emissions and energy use to the year 2060, taking into account population growth and economic development. In general, my predictions are consistent with predictions already made by different experts, though mine tend to be slightly more pessimistic. I end by addressing some potential ways to decrease population growth rates.


A description of Chlamydodon, probably a variation of the species mnemosyne, found in brackish water at Woods Hole, is presented.There is a complex neuromotor apparatus, including a coordinating center, and systems of fibers connected with cilia, the mouth opening, the phryngeal basket, and the "railroad track."The connection of the fibers with the organelles and the central mass, or motorium, the behavior of the animal after the destruction of the motorium, seem to suggest a coordinating function for the system.


Purpose – Web 2.0 is becoming increasingly popular in mainstream culture; blogs, wikis and social networking sites are springing up rapidly. Businesses are now adopting this suite of technologies and practices to improve the connectivity of their employees and derive benefits from increased employee engagement. Innovapost has recently started to investigate the use of Web 2.0 in a number of ways. The purpose of this case study feature is to report the results of a number of initiatives.Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses the experiences of Innovapost as a case study.Findings – Early experiences with a CEO blog were very positive and provided the impetus for additional experimentation. Forums provided mechanisms for employees to contribute to the development of the strategic business plan and to engage in ongoing discussions of Innovapost business and HR topics. The most ambitious foray to date has been InnovaConnections, which is a social networking tool that allows project managers to post oppo...


The Hawaiian Islands were colonized by waves of Polynesian settlers perhaps as early as 300 CE. Fruit culture at that time was based on banana, breadfruit, candlenut, co-conut, mountain apple, and pandanus. The first documented contact with Europe was the encounter of Hawaii by British explorer James Cook in 1778. Subsequent settlement by European and American planters brought in numerous fruit crops, including avocado, citrus, coffee, macadamia, mango, papaya, passionfruit, and pineapple, with varying success. The present workshop, History of Ha- waiian Pomology, sponsored by the History of Horticultural Science and Pomology Work- ing Groups, explored three famous fruit and nut crops of Hawaii: pineapple (oral presenta- tion by Johnny Lopez), papaya (oral presentation by Richard Manshardt), and macadamia (oral presentation by David Rietow), each with very different stories and outcomes. The first paper, entitled ''Pineapple: The Rise and Fall of an Industry'' by Duane P. Bartholomew, Richard A. Hawkins, and Johnny Lopez, reviews the Hawaiian history of one of the world's most famous tropical fruits. The industry was based on processing and export and reached its peak in terms of production in 1972. The spectacular ascent and precipitous decline of the pineapple area in Hawaii underscores the fact that horticul- ture is more than a science and an art but is an industry whose success depends on many factors, including climate and biotic factors but principally economics. As a result of labor costs, and foreign initiated by (!), the almost 74,000 acres (30,000 precipi- and essentially However,


I / 450th Anniversary of the Death of Leonardo da Vinci.- An Aspect of Leonardo's Painting.- Leonardo da Vinci and the Sublimatory Process.- On the Physical Insights of Leonardo da Vinci.- Leonardo as Military Engineer.- Leonardo da Vinci and the Beginnings of Factories with a Central Source of Power.- II / Physics and the Explanation of Life.- Physics and the Explanation of Life.- New Concepts in the Evolution of Complexity. Stratified Stability and Unbounded Plans.- III / The George Sarton Memorial Lecture, 1969.- Boltzmann, Monocycles and Mechanical Explanation.- IV / Current Problems of Cosmology.- to the Symposium on Cosmology.- Cosmology as a Science.- Open or Closed?.- Cosmic Evolution.- Highly Condensed Objects.- The Case for a Hierarchical Cosmology. Recent Observations Indicate that Hierarchical Clustering Is a Basic Factor in Cosmology.- From Mendeleev's Atom to the Collapsing Star.- V / Objectivity and Anthropology.- Objectivity in the Social Sciences.- On the Objectivity of Anthropology.- Acquired Models and the Modification of Anthropological Evidence.- The Present Status of Anthropology as an Explanatory Science.- 'Subjective' and 'Objective' in Social Anthropological Epistemology.- VI / Comparative History and Sociology of Science.- Scientific Concepts and Social Structure in Ancient Greece.- Algebre etlinguistique: l'analyse combinatoire dans la science arabe.- Scientific Strategies and Historical Change.- Logicality and Rationality: A Comment on Toulmin's Theory of Science.- On Pursuing the Unattainable.- Sciences and Civilizations, 'East' and 'West'. Joseph Needham and Max Weber.- VII / Unity of Science.- The Unity of Science and Theory Construction in Molecular Biology.- The Evolution of the Problem of the Unity of Science.


An electron microscopic observation on a synthetic single crystal of magnetite has been carried out at a temperature range between 77°K and room temperature. It was observed that the ordered phases below the low‐temperature transition appear as finely divided stripes. The diffraction patterns in one of the stripes show the extra spots such as (00½), (100), (010), or (11½) in cubic indices. This indicates that the unit cell of the low‐temperature phase should be twice as large as that proposed by Verwey. The ordering scheme proposed should be more complicated than the Verwey order.


A procedure called the progressive decoupling algorithm is introduced for solving variational inequality problems with monotonicity in which the iterative relaxation of linkages can simplify computations. It derives from the proximal point algorithm in a manner similar to Spingarn's method of partial inverses but deals differently with parameters and is able thereby to fit the format of the progressive hedging algorithm in convex stochastic programming and its recent extension to monotone stochastic variational inequalities. Applications to decomposable structure and splitting structure are provided. Connections with problems of convex optimization are laid out with Lagrangian variational inequalities and iterations involving augmented Lagrangians as a special feature.