A lattice e5 is called transferable if and only if, whenever e5 can be embedded into the lattice I(3C) of all ideals of a lattice SC, e can be embedded into X itself. If for every lattice embeddingf of e into I(CC) there exists an embedding g of e into C satisfying the further condition that for x and y in L, f(x) E g(y) holds if and only if x < y, then e is called sharply transferable. It is shown that every finite transferable lattice is sharply transferable. Introduction. A lattice e, is called transferable if and only if, whenever 15 can be embedded into the lattice I(f3) of all ideals of a lattice X3C, C can be embedded into i; itself. If for every lattice embeddingf of e& into I(9C), there exists an embedding g of e into SC satisfying the further condition that for x and y in L, f(x) e g(y) holds if and only if x < y, then C is called sharply transferable. The concept of a transferable lattice was introduced in [5], where it was called Property (P). Sharp transferability was later introduced as a related property whose characterization might be more tractable and might shed light on transferability itself. In [31 finite sharply transferable lattices were characterized and in [4] they were shown to be the same as finite sublattices of free lattices. This paper shows that the finite transferable lattices coincide with the finite sharply transferable lattices, thus answering the question raised in [5]. To fix the notation, we recall here some of the definitions from [7]. If X and Y are subsets of a poset, we say that Y dominates X iff for every x E X there exists y E Y such that x 6 y. This is here denoted X < Y. If C is a lattice, x E L, and U is a subset of L, then U is called an C-cover of x, if x < V U. If, furthermore, x + u for each u E U, then U is a nontrivial et-cover of x. If U is a nontrivial ,-cover of x with the property that whenever U' is an e-cover of x and U' < U then U' contains U, then U is called a minimal C-cover of x. A lattice C is said to satisfy condition (Rv) iff there exists a mapping p: C e such that, if U is a minimal Ce-cover of x and u E U, then p(x) < p(u) for each u E U (here X denotes the natural numbers). For a finite lattice, condition (RA) can be defined as the dual of condition (Rv). The lattice C satisfies condition (W) iff for all a, b, c, d E L, if a A b 6 c V d, then either a < c V d, b < c V d, a A b < c, or a A b < d. The result in [3] shows that a finite lattice is sharply transferable if and only if it Received by the editors November 13, 1979. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification Primary 06A20.


Target-guided navigation establishes the foundation for efficiently addressing vision-based multi-agent coordination for robotics. This work proposes a multi-objective deep convolution network which consists of two parallel branches built atop a shared feature extractor. The proposed network is capable of concurrently constructing semantic maps while achieving efficient visual detection of a designated guider robot or landmark towards outdoor navigation. In order to achieve the low latency requirements of the navigation controller, the structure and parameters of the network have been meticulously designed to boost run-time performance. The model is trained and tested on an altered version of the Cityscape outdoor dataset. We further finetune using a collected dataset in order to improve generalization performance on unseen outdoor scenes. Experimental results on an outdoor navigation robot equipped with an RGBD camera and GPU mini PC verifies the feasibility of the model.


Asymmetric information between banks and firms can preclude financing of valuable projects. Trade credit alleviates this problem by incorporating in the lending relation the private information held by suppliers about their customers. Incentive compatibility conditions prevent collusion between two of the agents (e.g., the buyer and the seller) against the third (e.g., the bank). Consistent with the empirical findings of Petersen and Rajan (1995), firms without relationships with banks resort more to trade credit, and sellers with greater ability to generate cash lows provide more trade credit. Finally, small firms react to monetary contractions by using trade credit, consistent with the empirical results of Nilsen (1994). Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.


We survey the literature on the relationship between macroeconomic stability and inclusive growth and identify gaps in our knowledge. We examine the role of macroeconomic policies (fiscal, monetary, macroprudential, and exchange rate) and measures of inclusiveness (income inequality, consumption inequality, wealth inequality, poverty, and unemployment) across countries at different income levels. Avoiding procyclical macroeconomic policies and mitigating macroeconomic volatility should be on the agenda of all policymakers concerned with promoting inclusive growth. The emerging theory and evidence suggest a strong role for macroeconomic policies in shaping inclusive growth, both in the short-run and the long-run. The two-way relationship between the macroeconomy and inequality underscores the challenge of identifying and estimating causal relationships. Models with heterogeneous agents have much to offer in this area. JEL Classification Numbers: E61, D31, J64


Five of us are standing under the Forth Rail Bridge. We're in North Queensferry, a quiet little town near Edinburgh, looking up from the parking lot at the northern tower foundation holding the gorgeous steel monstrosity aloft. Our mission tonight is to climb the bridge, crossing it from north to south, over the three towers and the Firth of Forth. The weather doesn't look promising, but we've driven over 400 miles from London to get here and no one wants to turn around. Helen, James, Marc, Moses and I are collecting footage for Crack the Surface III, the final instalment of a collaborative video triptych we started in 2010. We're shooting video footage on Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) cameras and using two lenses, a 35 mm lens and a 24 mm. Each lens gives us a different frame, different depth-of-field and a different feel. Additionally, we are wearing head- and chest-mounted cameras for Point of View (POV) shots. Keeping in mind that video is as much about sound as visuals, we also have high quality audio recorders in our bags and are strapped up with lapel microphones threaded through our jackets. We are also wearing headphones to monitor the audio. I feel like a cyborg. Moses turns to us and says, "Okay, everyone ready?" I don't feel ready at all, I feel overburdened with equipment and scared something is going to go wrong after driving all this way, be it rain, the police turning up or worse. Helen and I sneak in first. I film her hopping the fence. Then I throw the camera over and she films me negotiating it. Once inside, we hide. James films the second group as they sneak in. Then, all together, we run across the construction yard and jam ourselves into the hollow leg of a tower support. Inside, James and I get held up trying to adjust the cameras for the new light situation. I have the camera strapped around my neck as I begin to climb the ladders inside the leg support and the strap is choking me. I'm really hot. As I'm yelling at people to let me climb past them so I can film them climbing up, a pigeon slams into me and flaps feverishly, ripping out my headphones. I climb down to retrieve them and realise the video camera is still recording. That will all be wasted footage. When I plug the headphones back in, the batteries have died on the audio recorder and I can no longer hear anyone climbing. I'm sweating, exhausted and I feel like I want to cry.


A method for mitigating the readout delay characteristic of Bragg-based atom interferometry is presented, utilizing an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer sequence to generate spatial fringes that are read out while still overlapped. The time of flight after the final beamsplitter is engineered to facilitate constructive overlap of the fringes on the output states. A noise analysis performed using a precision atom interferometer is presented, comparing the traditional separated symmetric scheme with that of the separated and overlapped asymmetric scheme showing no significant increase in short term phase noise.


Abstract : Scanning tunneling microscopy and theory were combined to create novel depressive quantum dots at room temperature on the (110) surfaces of InSb --- dots which merit further exploration as potential nanopixels for tiny-device lithography; develop a strained-layer superlattice model of high-temperature superconductivity; image, understand, and make models of single-atom-high steps on III-V surfaces; invent and exploit a new kind of spectroscopy of surface states of semiconductors, called tipology; develop phenomenological models of variety of surface phenomena.


The present invention provides method of fabricating an erasable programmable single-poly nonvolatile memory, comprising steps of: defining a first area and a second area in a first type substrate; forming a second type well region in the first area; forming a first gate oxide layer and a second gate oxide layer covered on a surface of the first area, wherein the second gate oxide layer is extended to and is adjacent to the second area; forming a DDD region in the second area; etching a portion of the second gate oxide layer above the second area; forming two polysilicon gates covered on the first and the second gate oxide layers; and defining a second type doped region in the DDD region and a first type doped regions in the second type well region.


In the present work, a numerical framework for the design of new multiscale fibre-reinforced cementitious composites is presented. This is accomplished by covering three different length scales, namely the micro-, meso- and macroscale. At the microscale (here defined as ~1 mm), an enhanced fibre-reinforced lattice model is presented for the simulation of strain hardening cementitious composites. On the other hand, the analysis of fibre-reinforced concrete is performed at the mesoscale (~10 mm) by means of a novel lattice-particle model. The main variables in both models are the fibre dimensions (i.e. length and diameter), the fibre volume content and the fibre-matrix bond behaviour. Their contribution to the global mechanical properties is discussed in details. Finally, the structural characterisation of the fibre-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) is carried out by means of a hierarchical numerical homogenisation of the material behaviour, integrating the information obtained from lower scales into the macroscale problem (~1 m). The macroscopic response of the resulting material is characterised via three-point bending tests using a continuum damage plastic model. Although the described lattice models can be used independently as design tools in fibre cement-based composites at the micro- or mesoscale, the multiscale procedure described in this paper allows for the development of new types of FRCC by considering the effect of the multiple-scale fibre-reinforcement.


Laser speckle patterns are granular patterns produced as a result of random interference of light waves. Optical vortices (OVs) are phase singularities in such speckle fields, characterized by zero intensity and an undefined phase. Decorrelation of the speckle fields causes these OVs to move in both time and space. In this work, a variety of parameters of these OVs have been studied. The speckle fields were simulated to undergo three distinct decorrelation behaviors- Gaussian, Lorentzian and constant decorrelations. Different decorrelation behaviors represent different dynamics. For example, Lorentzian and Gaussian decorrelations represent Brownian and ordered motions, respectively. Typical dynamical systems in biophysics are generally argued to be a combination of these. For each of the decorrelation behaviors under study, the vortex trails were tracked while varying the rate of decorrelation. Parameters such as the decorrelation length, average trail length and the deviation of the vortices as they traversed in the speckle field, were studied. Empirical studies were also performed to define the distinction between trails arising from different speckle decorrelation behaviors. The initial studies under stationary speckle fields were followed up by similar studies on shifting fields. A new idea to employ Poincaŕe plots in speckle analysis has also been introduced. Our studies indicate that tracking OVs can be a potential method to study cell and tissue dynamics.


Magnesium alloys are considered as candidate materials for temporary implants. Fatigue resistance and controllable rate of corrosion in bodily fluids are essential for such applications. The effect of the grain structure produced by hot rolling and equal channel angular pressing on the fatigue behaviour and the bio-corrosion rate were studied for alloy AZ31. The results suggest that mechanical processing can be used to control both properties.


According to the results of the study, an analysis of modern forms of e-commerce in Ukraine, based on which the most popular e-traders in the domestic market and their business models; An econometric model for forecasting e-commerce volumes in Ukraine has been built, which has a high coefficient of determination and is adequate according to Fisher's criterion, which allows to take into account its forecasts for 2021-2023 and indicates that if the identified trend continues to be confirmed, in Ukraine there will be opportunities to make a breakthrough in this direction; As a result of the SWOT analysis, it was determined that the development of trade via the World Wide Web in Ukraine has significant shortcomings and threats, but is one of the most promising types of business in the future; The study identified the role and positive impact of domestic marketplaces on the development of E-commerce in various segments of the economy; The closure of offline non-food stores and establishments in various areas of services (entertainment centers, catering establishments) on the basis of government requirements has resulted not only in increasing the popularity of existing marketplaces and social networks, but also forced many retailers to start traditional outlets. or develop existing online stores; Taking into account the analysis of the main trends in the development of e-commerce in Ukraine, the following long-term prospects for e-commerce are formed: the constant growth of Internet users significantly expands opportunities to attract consumers of goods and services; the consciousness of consumers is changing day by day towards the tendency to implement information technology in all spheres of life; the e-commerce entity always has the potential to expand by covering new, different from the usual, market segments; enterprise management is not limited by time or space.


The ever increasing complexity and  range of operation of solid state devices is ultimately based on corresponding  developments of preparative  and processing techniques for semiconductor materials. The  important  aspects involve the  control of dimensions, composition and impurity incorporation to provide the required electrical characteristics. The best known  example is of course  the  advance of silicon integrated circuit technology but similar, if less publicised, progress is also  occurring with devices operating  at microwave  and  optical frequencies. These  are  fabricated  not  from silicon, but  from compound and alloy semiconductors formed from elements of groups 111 and V of the periodic table, of which gallium  arsenide,  GaAs, is the best known example. As with silicon, the single crystal starting material is grown from a melt as large ingots, which are then sliced into wafers -0.5 mm  thick.  Unlike silicon, however, the devices are not in general made directly from these wafers; the wafers are  instead used  as substrates for the subsequent growth of very thin ( 1 pm) single or multiple layers of the same or other 111-V compounds or alloys. The crystal structure and orientation of the layer are determined by those of the substrate, which is an example of a general phenomenon  k own as epitaxy,  a  term first


Deposition of crystals or crystalline particles in various organs leads to diverse medical disorders (1). Misfolded or aggregated proteins can form crystalline or non-crystalline microparticles that activate similar molecular pathways of inflammation and cell death, for example—Alzheimer's disease (amyloid-β aggregates) (2), Parkinson's disease (α-synuclein misfolding) (3), or in monoclonal immunoglobulin-associated renal diseases (4,5).


T. S. Eliot employs the old men characters or their disabilities, impersonalizing their values instead of their infirmity. In his poems, The Waste Land, "Journey of the Magi," "A Song for Simeon," the poet illustrates why the old men's characters are described as the pre-personal or de-personal state even with their deteriorated sensory and cognitive ability. This essay attempts to evaluate the value of the old men's sensual and physical infirmity in his poetry. The attempt formulates a zone in which both impersonal poetics and the value of disabilities overlap. It gives us an insight into some of the problematics central to interpretations of his poems, for instance, the issue of mythological, biblical, and Dantesque references. Eliot's attempt is not to express his old men's disabilities themselves but a creative power of dissociation of the personality.


The representatives of genus Cryptosporidium were found in 17 of 99 (17, 2%) HIV patients in Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay identified two types of these agents Сriprtosporidium parvum in 11 (64,7%) and C. hominis in 6 (35,3%) patients. The level of CD4+ lymphocyte in the patients having cryptosporidiosis was significantly lower than in patients without cryptosporidiosis. In patients with cryptosporidiosis prolonged diarrhea were found at significantly higher rate. Also the patients with cryptosporidiosis demonstrated malnutrition and weight loss, but not at significantly higher rates. The present study is one of the first describe of cryptosporidiosis in Russia.


Heteroatom zeolite Ni-ZSM-5 was synthesized by hydrothermal method.Influential factors for the crystallization product,i.e.,ratio of the reactants,pH value,crystallization time and crystallization temperature,were investigated.XRD results showed that Ni-ZSM-5 zeolite with regular structure was obtained under favorable condition as follows: n(SiO2)∶n(TBAB)∶n(H2O)=1.0∶0.2∶67,pH of the emulsion=9,crystallization time 96 h,crystallization temperature 160 ℃.


The education of children and young people with special educational needs (SEN) is a special domain within the public education system. Although the education of SEN children — ensuring that they acquire the knowledge and competencies specified by the curriculum of the given public education system — is tied to special professional conditions, the feasibility of these conditions and their functional quality is indicative of the quality of the entire education system, and their inadequacy is detrimental to the entire education system. The question of educating children with special educational needs is both a particular and a general issue. It is a particular issue in the sense that the current special-education method providing learning support and development geared to suit individual needs identified by utilizing modern, complex diagnostic assessment procedures, requires the participation of highly trained professionals and the availability of high quality and specialized tools, all of which need to be organized into a system governed by regulations. At the same time it is also a general issue, in the sense that the necessary and sufficient conditions for educating children with SEN can only be created if the general conditions of education are also adequate, i.e., the professional conditions allow the fulfilment of school requirements, children receive individualized education, the categories of SEN and below average achievement caused by other factors are kept separate and their diagnoses and service provision are differentiated. The appropriate treatment of the issue of SEN therefore affects all participants of the education system. The standards of the education and care of children with special educational needs, its successes and failures, also affect those who do not belong to this special group of children. SEN children are children with special rather than peculiar (as the Hungarian translation of the term suggests) educational needs or children suffering from other types of, and more severe, difficulties, who need rehabilitative support. The Hungarian translation of the English term Special Educational Needs (SEN) is an improvement over the more widely used term roughly equivalent to the English word "deficient" but it still deviates from international professional practice and OECD terminology, and the Hungarian practice, which tends to be guided by statistical and financial considerations, still, to some The standards of the education of SEN children are indicative of the entire education system and their inadequacy is detrimental to the entire education system. 6 Caring for children with special educational needs (SEN) and their rehabilitation


Background: in the recent years, vaginal hysterectomy has reemerged as a means for operating patients with diseases without uterine prolapse. There are some factors that can prescribe it; among them can be mentioned nulliparity. Objective: a cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in nulliparous patients without uterine prolapse who underwent a vaginal hysterectomy at the Department of General Surgery of the Martin Chang Puga University Hospital in Nuevitas from May 1994 till May 2011. The sample was composed of 60 patients. For the analysis of the data, the descriptive (scouting) statistic was employed with the use of totals, percents, average and median, standard deviation, maximum and minimum. Results: the average age was of 34 ±5.01 years. The youngest patient was 33 years old and the oldest 45 years old. The main surgical cause that motivated the intervention was the presence of uterine fibroids, followed by abnormal uterine hemorrhage. The postoperative complications were found in a limited number of patients. The average time of postoperative hospital stay was of 1.07±0.2 days. The average surgical time was of 39.6±7.20 minutes. The average time of reinstatement was of 20.4±5.2 days. Conclusions: nulliparity is not an isolated or absolute factor to contraindicate the vaginal method in terms of hysterectomy. DeCS: HYSTERECTOMY, VAGINAL; PARITY; GYNECOLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; EPIDEMIOLOGY, DESCRIPTIVE; ADULT.


Mobile and edge devices become common platforms for inferring convolutional neural networks (CNNs) due to superior privacy and service quality. To reduce the computational costs of convolution (CONV), recent CNN models adopt depth-wise CONV (DW-CONV) and Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE). However, existing area-efficient CNN accelerators are sub-optimal for these latest CNN models because they were mainly optimized for compute-intensive standard CONV layers with abundant data reuse that can be pipelined with activation and normalization operations. In contrast, DW-CONV and SE are memory-intensive with limited data reuse. The latter also strongly depends on the nearby CONV layers, making an effective pipelining a daunting task. Therefore, DW-CONV and SE only occupy 10% of entire operations but become memory bandwidth bound, spending more than 60% of the processing time in systolic-array-based accelerators. We propose a CNN acceleration architecture called MVP, which efficiently processes both compute- and memory-intensive operations with a small area overhead on top of the baseline systolic-array-based architecture. We suggest a specialized vector unit tailored for processing DW-CONV, including multipliers, adder trees, and multi-banked buffers to meet the high memory bandwidth requirement. We augment the unified buffer with tiny processing elements to smoothly pipeline SE with the subsequent CONV, enabling concurrent processing of DW-CONV with standard CONV, thereby achieving the maximum utilization of arithmetic units. Our evaluation shows that MVP improves performance by 2.6 \( \times \) and reduces energy by 47% on average for EfficientNet-B0/B4/B7, MnasNet, and MobileNet-V1/V2 with only a 9% area overhead compared to the baseline.


Our goal is to provide a mechanistic understanding of the cellular and molecular aspects of freezing injury and cold acclimation from a perspective of the structural and functional integrity of the plasma membrane -- the primary site of freezing injury in winter cereals. We have utilized protoplasts isolated from leaves of winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv Puma) to study the cryobehavior of the plasma membrane during a freeze/thaw cycle. The focus of our current studies is on lesions in the plasma membrane that result from severe freeze-induced dehydration and result in the alteration of the semipermeable characteristics of the plasma membrane so that the protoplasts are osmotically unresponsive. In protoplasts isolated from non-acclimated rye leaves (NA protoplasts), injury is associated with the formation of aparticulate domains in the plasma membrane, aparticulate lamellae subtending the plasma membrane, and lamellar-to-hexagonal II phase transitions in the plasma membrane and the subtending lamellae. However, lamellar-to-hexagonal II phase transitions are not observed following severe dehydration of protoplasts isolated from cold-acclimated rye leaves (ACC protoplasts). Rather, injury is associated with the fracture-jump lesion,'' which, in freeze-fracture electron microscopy studies, is manifested as localized deviations in the fracture face of the plasma membrane. The fracture planemore » jumps'' from the plasma membrane to either subtending aparticulate lamellae or aparticulate regions of various endomembranes (predominantly chloroplast envelopes) that are in close apposition with the plasma membrane.« less


While conventional clinical wisdom has been that panic disorder does not occur in children, evidence derived from structured diagnostic interviews suggests that panic disorder, similar in symptom pattern to the adult disorder, does occur in children and can occur before puberty.


The experience report of undergraduate medical students at the Family Health Unit (USF), located in João Pessoa / PB, aims to describe the understanding of the advances and deficiencies faced by the health team since the implementation of SUS. Through living in the area territory and its territorial divisions, in the 1st semester of 2020 to, from then on, make a bridge between the theory of the Health Care Module I of the Undergraduate Course in Medicine of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the reality of the USF. Accompanying the ACS, the academics were able to delimit the main health needs of each micro area of the registered territory. Also, the registration of the population and registration with the Unified Health System (SUS) was clarified in practice, explaining the enormous social inequality present in that territory. The work contributed to a better understanding of the concept of access to health and integrated care, exceeding the expected expectations. Through Brazilian Journal of health Review Braz. J. Hea. Rev., Curitiba, v. 3, n. 4, p. 10027-10037 jul./aug. 2020. ISSN 2595-6825 10029 this experience, it was demonstrated the need to exercise the medical profession in a humanized way with empathy and creating bonds with its users.


In the last decade, isocyanide‐based multicomponent reactions, like the Passerini three‐component reaction (P‐3CR), have gained significant interest for the synthesis of sequence‐defined macromolecules due to their high efficiency and straightforward one‐pot procedures. The P‐3CR results in unique product structures that are particularly interesting for the synthesis of uniform, branched macromolecules, as they enable the direct introduction of a new branching point into the molecule. In this work, we present the synthesis of uniform first generation dendrons via the P‐3CR using a divergent approach, utilizing three uniform and poorly soluble oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s (OPEs) of varying lengths as focal moiety. Self‐assembly of the dendrons in cyclohexane solution was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy and diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy, highlighting the utility of DOSY NMR for the investigation of solution self‐assembly. Diffusion coefficients for the dendrons and their aggregates were determined and compared for different lengths of the OPE focal moiety. The successful synthesis of the dendrons in good yields and the selective branching introduced on the OPEs by the P‐3CR emphasize the high efficiency and synthetic advantages of multicomponent reactions for the preparation of uniform, branched macromolecules.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved


The detailed geomorphological study and mapping were done for Erbil Masterplan layout 2030, in order to be useful in planning urban development and various land uses to be in harmony with the instant expansion of Erbil city. The geomorphological map was constructed a scale1:320000 according to the basic geomorphic processes; structural, denudational, and fluvial origin. Erbil city Urban area is situated in the Low Folded Zone, surrounded from the north by Pirmam anticline –Bastora stream and from the south by Dimeer anticline -Shamamk plain and from the west bordered by Greater Zab River and from the east by hills and badlands of Shalgha-Bestana area. The pattern of processes divided the study area into three main landscapes that are different in rock exposure,topography,tectonics, and drainage pattern:Hilly and mountainous landscape zone; Mound and High Land Zone and; Alluvial plain landscape zone. The most complex landscape and landform of structural and erosional origin occupied the north, north-eastern, and western because of endogentic and exogenitic activity (uplifting, folding, faulting, high rate of rainfall and dense drainage pattern). The other area mostly contains landform of fluvial origin like alluvial plain, alluvial fan, and river terraces. Generally, the slope directions are towards the south and southwest, therefore the urban area mostly faced flood hazards during strong rainfall. For the first time in detail geomorphological map with different significant landforms are plotted using field data and various satellite images and digital elevation models,such as Aster, Quick Bird and google earth.


In this study, the microbial population responsible for decomposition of banana leaf with dung and urine of cattle (cow and sheep used here) was isolated, identified, and their incidence calculated. During this study, significant changes were observed in different physio-chemical properties (temperature, pH, moisture content, humidity, ash content, total organic carbon, total nitrogen content, phosphorus) of decomposing material which focuses particularly on the role of thermophilic coprophilous fungi in reducing the time for decomposition. It also gives a clear demonstration of various effects of different environmental conditions on the microbial population during the process of decomposition. The decomposition product thus obtained was found to be rich in organic phosphorous and nitrogen, raising our hopes for a successful implementation of it in daily agricultural practices.


In this study, the basic biology of and artificial rearing techniques for Bactrocera pyrifoliae (Drew and Hancock), a pest of peaches and plums in high-elevation areas of northern Vietnam and Thailand, were investigated for 5 years. Bactrocera pyrifoliae was found only between elevations of 1000 and 1500 m, heavily infesting peaches and plums from early June to harvest in mid-July The durations of the egg, larval and pupal stages were determined under controlled environmental conditions in the laboratory, indicating that B. pyrifoliae is a multivoltine species. Larvae were successfully reared on a carrot and corn powder-based diet. Determinations of the appropriate adult density in colony cages, and also optimal temperature conditions for holding adults, were made. Bactrocera pyrifoliae performed better when the temperature was lowered during the night, as would be expected for a species adapted to temperate-like environments. Interestingly, adults originating from field-collected pupae emerged with a 3:1 female-biased sex ratio. Laboratory colonies, by generation seven, appeared to exhibit signs of inbreeding depression and required periodic incorporation of wild insects to restore egg hatch. To develop sound management techniques for populations of B. pyrifoliae infesting peaches, alternate commercial and native hosts infested outside the peach and plum fruiting season must be identified or some form of overwintering mechanism such as reproductive diapause be discovered. Documentation of mating behaviour in the field (a key to developing efficient traps), improvement in fertility in laboratory colonies, and eventually sterile insect technique-based integrated pest management for pest population management in the expanding low-chill temperate fruit-growing areas of northern Vietnam are also needed.


Various penems, structurally closely related carbapenems, and the intermediate 4-acetoxyazetidin-2-one were studied by direct current sampled dc, differential pulse polarography (DPP), cyclic voltammetry, and ac tensammetry. Optimum pH ranges for the determination of 4-acetoxyazetidin-2-one and the various penems are discussed. In Britton—Robinson buffer (BRP) penems exhibit (pH 3) one stable reduction wave, which can be exploited analytically. Carbapenems exhibit stability problems in BRP (pH 3). They can be determined after conversion by hydrolysis into a stable imine form. Useful linear concentration ranges are 10 to 140 μg/mL for 4-acetoxyazetidin-2-one and 20 to 170 and 0.5 to 70 μg/mL for penems using dc polarography and DPP, respectively. The precision of the proposed analytical methods is acceptable, with relative standard deviations around 2.5% for the assay of 4-acetoxyazetidin-2-one and 2.5 and 2–5% for the penem and carbapenem, respectively.


In this work, a multi-physics field coupling model based on electric field, gas-liquid two-phase flow field ,and temperature field of forward flow electrochemical trepanning (FFECT) blades was established, and the distribution law of hydrogen bubble volume fraction, electrolyte temperature, and electrolyte conductivity in the machining gap was obtained. Based on the simulation results, the time-varying process of electrolyte flow velocity distribution was divided into three stages according to the change in machining gap corresponding to different blade machining heights H, and the effects of the machining voltage U and the cathode feed rate v on the side gap Δs and the end gap Δe were investigated. The simulation analysis and experimental results show that both side gap and end gap increase as machining voltage increases but decrease with the increase in cathode feed rate. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the maximum errors of side gap and end gap are 10.6% and 17.7%, respectively. In addition, the effects of machining voltage and cathode feed rate on the surface quality were studied experimentally. Results reveal that surface roughness can be reduced by appropriately decreasing the machining voltage and increasing the cathode feed rate.


This paper presents an object oriented approach for production scheduling in flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). A concept for integration of planning, scheduling and evaluation is first proposed to achieve a good performance of an FMS. Then an FMS scheduling problem is clarified by comparing with the traditional scheduling problems for the manufacturing system consisting of dedicated machine tools. An object oriented scheduling approach is presented. Some heuristic rules are proposed to improve the predetermined performance index. To evaluate the scheduling result, a simulation system developed in the object oriented programing environment is proposed. In the proposed system, each element consisting of an FMS is treated as an object, and simulation is proceeded through message passing among objects. A numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


A display substrate and a display panel with the same are provided to remove insulating layers formed on a transmitting area. A display substrate(100a) comprises the following units. A transistor comprises a lower insulating layer(LL) formed on a base substrate(101). A pixel electrode(PE) is electrically connected with a transistor. An upper insulating layer(UL) covers the transistor. The insulating layer is contacted with the base substrate formed in the pixel electrode. The transistor comprises a polycrystalline silicon layer, a gate electrode(GE), a source electrode(SE) and a drain electrode(DE). A polycrystalline silicon layer is formed on the base substrate. The polycrystalline silicon layer comprises a channel unit(122) and a doping unit(124).


This article outlines a strategy for the evaluation of a development partnership within the EU 'EQUAL' programme. A new aspect of the EQUAL programme is the grouping of projects within thematic or geographical partnerships. This facilitates the establishment of stronger links between learning at intra-project, inter-project and programme level, in a way that was not the case in previous EU employment programmes. It provides the opportunity to address the problem of external validity (also known as transferability or generalizability), which has long been an intractable aspect of evaluation. In particular, it has been difficult to generate inter-project and policy-level learning in innovative programmes of heterogeneous projects, because learning has been strongly context-bounded. The approach of cluster evaluation has offered a methodology for bridging the gap between case-based learning and policy-level learning. The approach is suitable for thematic programmes of innovative and heterogeneous interventions in field settings with multiple objectives and diverse participants. It favours communicative learning processes among programme participants, using interactive and dialogue-focused techniques. The article reviews these issues and outlines the strategy adopted in the evaluation of a development partnership within the EU EQUAL programme in Germany.


Selective reading of political online information was examined based on cognitive dissonance, social identity, and news values frameworks. Online reports were displayed to 156 Americans while selective exposure was tracked. The news articles that participants chose from were either conservative or liberal and also either positive or negative regarding American political policies. In addition, information processing styles (cognitive reflection and need-for-cognition) were measured. Results revealed confirmation and negativity biases, per cognitive dissonance and news values, but did not corroborate the hypothesis derived from social identity theory. Greater cognitive reflection, greater need-for-cognition, and worse affective state fostered the confirmation bias; stronger social comparison tendency reduced the negativity bias.


We prove a version of Fujita's Conjecture in arbitrary characteristic, generalizing results of K.E. Smith. Our methods use the Frobenius morphism, but avoid tight closure theory. We also obtain versions of Fujita's Conjecture for coherent sheaves with certain ampleness properties.


While most commentators take Proverbs 10-22 as a haphazard collection of proverbial sentences, this paper seeks to show that the sentences are cohesively ordered. The "proverbial string" is proposed as one such larger compositional unit. Four strings were discovered in Proverbs 10 (10:1-5, 6-11, 12-21, 22-30) with the sentences bonded by catchwords, rhetorical devices, themes, sound echoes, and shared syntactic constructions. The sentences of Proverbs 10-22 are an artistically woven tapestry with the position of each thread contributing to the beauty of the whole.


The goal of this article is twofold. On one hand, we study the subvarieties of projective varieties which possess partially ample normal bundle; we prove that they are G2 in the ambient space. This generalizes results of Hartshorne and B\u{a}descu-Schneider. We work with the cohomological partial ampleness introduced by Totaro.
On the other hand, we define the concept of a partially ample subvariety, which generalizes the notion of an ample subvariety introduced by Ottem. We prove that partially ample subvarieties enjoy the stronger G3 property. Moreover, we present an application to a connectedness problem posed by Fulton-Hansen and Hartshorne. The results are illustrated with examples.


There is an unmet need for CT image reconstruction algorithms that reliably provide diagnostic image quality at reduced radiation dose. Toward this end, we integrate a state-of-the-art statistical reconstruction algorithm, ordered subsets, and separable quadratic surrogates (OS-SQS) accelerated with Nesterov's method, with our own data-driven regularization strategy using the split Bregman method. The regularization enforces intensity-gradient sparsity by minimizing bilateral total variation through the application of bilateral filtration. Adding to the advantages of statistical reconstruction, our implementation of bilateral filtration dynamically varies the regularization strength based on the noise level algorithmically measured within the data, accommodating variations in patient size and photon flux. We refer to this modified form of OS-SQS as OS-SQS with bilateral filtration (OS-SQS-BF), and we apply it to reconstruct clinical, helical CT data provided to us as part of the Low Dose CT Grand Challenge. Specifically, we evaluate OS-SQS-BF for quarter-dose statistical reconstruction and compare its performance with quarter-dose and full-dose filtered backprojection reconstruction. We present results for both the American College of Radiology (ACR) phantom and an abdominal CT scan. Our algorithm reduces noise by approximately 52% relative to filtered backprojection in the ACR phantom, while maintaining contrast and spatial-resolution performance relative to commercial filtered backprojection reconstruction. The quarter-dose scan for the abdominal data set confirmed the identification of 3 liver lesions when using OS-SQS-BF. The reconstruction time is a limitation that we will address in the future.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the value of the "capability approach" as an alternative framework for understanding and conceptualising the role of Refugee Community Organisations (RCOs) and other providers for groups conventionally considered "hard to reach". Design/methodology/approach – A study of the education services of RCOs, drawing primarily on semi-structured interviews with 71 users, is put forward as a case study for how the capability approach can be operationalised. Findings – The capability approach is found to offer various valuable insights, relating to its appreciation of the multi-dimensional nature of human wellbeing, the significance of individual diversity, and the importance of human agency. Research limitations/implications – The case study is based on a relatively small purposive sample, and may have limited external validity. As the research design proved strong for exploring how RCOs develop their users' capabilities but weak for exploring if and how they may a...


Costs directly associated with AD range from less than $100 to more than $2,000 per patient per year. In the United States alone, AD's direct costs amount to almost $1 billion a year.


A new technique is presented for making wool fabrics shrink resistant. Through interfacial polymerization polyamides, e.g., poly (hexamethylene sebacamide), are formed on the surface of the textile fibers. Fabric is padded consecutively through an aqueous solution of a diamine and a water-immiscible solution of a diacid chloride. Polymeriza tion is extremely rapid and no heating or curing is required. Following the two-step padding, the fabric is simply washed and dried. Less than 5% resin on the fabric is required for dimensional stability in laundering. The wool fabrics treated are essentially unchanged in hand, flexural rigidity, break strength, percent elongation, and chemical resistance; they are improved in wrinkle recovery and smoothness after tumble drying.


This paper recognizes the importance of risk analysis for investment decisions. Therefore, it examines and calculates a few key parameters and compares the risk level for Jacobs Engineering Group Inc (J), Fluor Corporation (FLR) and MasTec, Inc. (MTZ) among the top three companies in the "Heavy Construction Other Than Building Construction Contractors" industry in the United States (US). There are two main factors to consider when assessing the riskiness of a company: equity beta (or leveraged beta) and asset beta (or unleveraged beta). Furthermore, this paper discussed the possible risks that may affect the performance of the companies in this industry, as well as possible challenges that the companies may face in this field.


mining the level of financial safety which cornerstone is budget deficit existence, sizes of debt obligations of the state, inflation, price of bank crediting, level of monetization of economy, volume of reserves and others. The author caused need of their continuous monitoring and a research.


We demonstrate room temperature visible wavelength photoluminescence from In0.5Ga0.5As quantum dots embedded in a GaP membrane. We also observe enhanced outcoupling of quantum dot emission into photonic crystal nanocavities.


The present invention provides an energy intake valve, comprising a valve body, the valve body; a valve body comprising a cylindrical body defines a first through hole, the second through hole and the third through holes; and the first fixed at both ends thereof and a second closure cap; cylindrical body provided with the valve body; fifth through hole opened on the second cover, the elastic member is provided between the first cover and the valve body; a sixth valve element defines a through hole, the sixth through hole communicates through the first conduit and the second through hole. When using the design of the intake to the gas delivery device, it is possible before the valve opening, a first conduit passing through the through hole and the second through sixth holes communicating the both sides of the spool force balance achieved in the adjustment movement Effect of pressure from both sides; gas while reducing the gas consumption device, gas pressure regulating valve driven by the inverse proportion of the spool moves, to achieve the valve is gradually closed, partially opened or fully opened while the circulation path, the whole process of implementing the gas supply-demand Ping Heng, reduce energy consumption.


To the Editor: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) usually does not contain melanocytes within the tumor. Although a few reports on invasive SCC or SCC in situ with melanocytic hyperplasia within the tumor, namely pigmented SCC, have been reported in some organs, such as skin (1), oral mucosa (2), and nasal cavity (3), only 1 case of pigmented SCC of the uterine cervix has been reported in the English-language literature (4). Herein, we describe the first reported case of pigmented cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). A 37-yr-old Japanese female with Crohn disease entered the cervical screening program and was determined to have severely dysplastic squamous cells by Papanicolaou smear. Biopsy from the cervix revealed CIN III, and thus, conization of the uterine cervix was performed. Histopathologic study of the resected specimen demonstrated that proliferation of atypical squamous cells with large oval to round nuclei containing coarse chromatin and a single nucleolus was observed in almost the entire squamous epithelium (Figs. 1 and 2). Maturation of the squamous epithelium was confined to the superficial region (Fig. 1). Mitotic figures were frequently seen and found in the upper third of the epithelium. Moreover, atypical mitotic figures were also observed. Glandular involvement was present; however, no invasive growth was noted. These features are typical for CIN III. Dendritic cells containing dark brown pigments, which were considered as melanocytes because these pigments were bleached by the peroxide method and immunohistochemically positive for S-100 protein and Melan-A (Fig. 3), were scattered among the atypical squamous epithelium (Fig. 2). These cells were without atypia, and mitotic figures were not observed. Melanin pigments were also present in the cytoplasm of some atypical squamous cells (Fig. 2, inset). No S-100 protein and Melan A-positive melanocytes were present in the adjacent squamous and endocervical mucosae or in the stroma, although melanophages were scattered (Fig. 2). In addition, a few CD1a-positive dendritic cells were present within the CIN; however, the number of these cells in this region was low compared with that in adjacent normal squamous and endocervical mucosae. According to these findings, an ultimate diagnosis of pigmented CIN III was made. The uterine cervix is normally devoid of melanocytes; therefore, melanin-containing lesions such as melanosis, lentigo simplex, blue nevi, and malignant melanoma are extremely rare at this site (5). In addition, pigmented SCC is extremely rare in the uterine cervix; only 1 case of pigmented SCC has been reported (4), and the FIG. 1. Low-power view of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III. Atypical squamous cell proliferation is observed almost entirely in the squamous epithelium. Melanophages are observed under the epithelium.


I describe a case of flat anterior chamber following glaucoma filtration surgery in which glycerin was topically applied in order to reduce the risk of cataract formation and minimize corneal endothelial damage until definitive surgical intervention could be performed


PurposeIn the field of heritage science, especially applied to buildings and artefacts made by organic hygroscopic materials, analyzing the microclimate has always been of extreme importance. In particular, in many cases, the knowledge of the outdoor/indoor microclimate may support the decision process in conservation and preservation matters of historic buildings. This knowledge is often gained by implementing long and time-consuming monitoring campaigns that allow collecting atmospheric and climatic data.Design/methodology/approachSometimes the collected time series may be corrupted, incomplete and/or subjected to the sensors' errors because of the remoteness of the historic building location, the natural aging of the sensor or the lack of a continuous check of the data downloading process. For this reason, in this work, an innovative approach about reconstructing the indoor microclimate into heritage buildings, just knowing the outdoor one, is proposed. This methodology is based on using machine learning tools known as variational auto encoders (VAEs), that are able to reconstruct time series and/or to fill data gaps.FindingsThe proposed approach is implemented using data collected in Ringebu Stave Church, a Norwegian medieval wooden heritage building. Reconstructing a realistic time series, for the vast majority of the year period, of the natural internal climate of the Church has been successfully implemented.Originality/valueThe novelty of this work is discussed in the framework of the existing literature. The work explores the potentials of machine learning tools compared to traditional ones, providing a method that is able to reliably fill missing data in time series.


A new and effective combination of case studies and macro data sets examines the structure of the highly regulated hospital industry. Provides a close scrutiny of hospital establishment management during a period of increasing public concern about the quality and cost of health service delivery. Based on research undertaken at the Joint Center for Urban Studies of MIT and Harvard University.


Today, human resource has been raised as the most important factor in the field of organizational development. In this regard, a topic called human resources development has been suggested, which can be addressed in different areas. The main purpose of this research is to provide a model for human resources development within the headquarters of the Ministry of Education. For this purpose, the statistical population of this research has been composed of 165 experts with experiences in this field. In the sampling section, the sample size was set to 115 using the Cochran formula. In addition, in the qualitative section, 28 experts were selected. Interviews were used to collect information in the qualitative section. In the quantitative section, a questionnaire was used for exploratory factor analysis and prioritization of indices. In the information analysis section, content analysis method was used to identify the indices, and in the dimensions identification section, the exploratory factor analysis method was used. Finally, a hierarchical analysis method was used to prioritize dimensions. At the end of this research, a process model of human resources development is proposed in the form of environmental and organizational factors. In this research, the main indices are classified into environmental and organizational indices. The environmental part includes economic, political, legal, international, and cultural factors, and organizational part includes organizational dimensions, human resources development capabilities, strategic relationships, process alignment, functional system culture creation, and development of an accountability system.


A swarm of robots may face challenges in unknown environments where self-assembly is a necessity e.g. crossing difficult areas. When exploring such environments, the self-assembly process has to be triggered only where needed and only for those robots required, leaving other robots to continue exploration. Further, self-assembled robots should dis-assemble when assembled structures are no longer required. Strategies have thus to be learned to trigger self-assembly and dis-assembly so as to meet the needs of the environment. Research has focused on the learning of strategies where all robots of the swarm had to adopt one common strategy: either self-assembly or dis-assembly. The work herein studies how strategies using both self-assembly and dis-assembly can be learned within the same swarm. Further, the effect of the different environments on this challenge is presented.


Introduction: Tympanoplasty is typically performed in conjunction with a canal wall down mastoidectomy in patient with Chronic Otitis Media Squamous. The results from experimental and clinical studies of the type III stapes columellar reconstruction have shown that interposing a disk of cartilage between the graft and the stapes head improves hearing in the lower frequencies by 5 to 10 dB. They hypothesize that the cartilage acts to increase the "effective" area of the graft that is coupled to the stapes, which leads to an increase in the middle ear gain of the reconstructed ear.
Aims: To assess the hearing improvement after cartilage augmented Type III Tympanoplasty in chronic otitis media squamous disease.
Methods: This study was conducted in 44 patients with Chronic Otitis Media squamous in the patients attending the department of Otorhinolaryngology in NGMC teaching hospital from November 2018 to March 2020. Canal Wall Down mastoidectomy with cartilage augmented type III Tympanoplasty and was done. Augmentation was done with thin 3-4 mm conchal cartilage interposed between stapes and Temporalis fascia graft.
Results: There were 11(25%) male and 33(75%) female, with mean age of 29.48 years, ranging from minimum of 15 years to maximum 56 years. The preoperative mean A–B gap was 21.82 and postoperatively means AB gap was 12.20 dB with overall AB gap gain was 9.64 dB.
Conclusion: Significant hearing improvement is seen in Canal Wall Down mastoidectomy Chronic Otitis Media squamous after cartilage augmented type III tympanoplasty.


The 1983 annual report highlights research in five areas funded by the Ecological Sciences Division of the Office of Energy Research. The five areas include: western semi-arid ecosystems; marine sciences; mobilization fate and effects of chemical wastes; radionuclide fate and effects; and statistical and quantitative research. The work was accomplished under 19 individual projects. Individual projects are indexed separately.


Let X be a quotient surface singularity, and define G(X, r) as the directed graph of maximal Cohen-Macaulay (MCM) modules with edges corresponding to deformation incidences. We conjecture that the number of connected components of G(X, r) is equal to the order of the divisor class group of X, and when X is a rational double point (RDP), we observe that this follows from a result of A. Ishii. We view this as an enrichment of the McKay correspondence. For a general quotient singularity X, we prove the conjecture under an additional cancellation assumption. We discuss the deformation relation in some examples, and in particular we give all deformations of an indecomposable MCM module on a rational double point.


Pharmaceutical support is important in ensuring the proper use of drugs.In providing such support,it is necessary for pharmacists to be involved in pharmacotherapy from a different perspective to that of physicians and nurses,to use the tools unique to pharmacists effectively,and discuss individual cases from the pharmacological viewpoint.On conducting an investigation to evaluate the effects of pharmaceutical support in clinical pharmacy practice,we noted that pharmaceutical support provided to physicians resulted in modification of 95.1% of prescriptions with benefits for 43.4 % of the patients.Patients who received pharmaceutical support with the objective of avoiding adverse drug reactions benefited financially since it lowered their medicine expenses by an average of 1,299 yen/day.On the other hand,patients who received pharmaceutical support to assist their pharmacotherapy saw an average increase in their medicine expenses of 2,417 yen/day.These findings suggest that pharmaceutical support provided in clinical pharmacy practice provides greater medical safety and medical economy for patients.


In the Sacramento suburbs, all the houses look alike, but the weekend before Thanksgiving, one house feels different. Over 20 parked cars are clustered around the home and sprawled across the quiet streets. Murmurs of conversation and the gleeful shouts of children are audible from outside. Because the Thanksgiving holiday conflicts with Sacramento's Hmong New Year's celebration, and because some individuals were spending the official holiday with inlaws, the four generations of this Hmong American family have decided to celebrate Thanksgiving early. Though they have been in the United States for only a few decades, like many American families, they enjoy the chance to gather and share a holiday meal. Over 100 people fill the twostory home. In one room, men huddle around a large table, engaged in a lively conversation about sports and popular culture in a mix of Hmong and English. One young father holds his newborn daughter wrapped in a fuzzy pink blanket. Children are everywhere. The younger ones weave around the men, playing with toy cars and animal figurines, while older children line the stairs. A quiet group of teenagers are sprawled on the floor beneath a bright chandelier, each with an electronic device in hand. In an adjoining living room, the family matriarch, a petite, whitehaired woman, sits on the couch. Her legal age is 97, but she claims to be 120. Either is possible, as the Hmong village from which she immigrated, deep within the jungles of Laos, did not issue birth certificates, and her birthday had to be approximated when she came to the United States in 1981. Although thin and aged, she wears a large smile as she animatedly talks and laughs with her daughters and granddaughters, 13 Boiled Chicken and Pizza: The Making of Transnational Hmong American Foodways


The Unmanned Motorcycle (UM) is a robotic system aiming to autonomously drive in off-road trail environments, keep the tracked routes under surveillance, and provide help within its ability. One core component of the UM is its vision module that utilizes deep learning techniques to get pixel-accurate trail understanding. By learning valuable features from the off-road trail datasets, the UM is expected to understand traversable areas in a large variety of off-road trail scenes. However, currently, there is no publicly available dataset on the off-road trail scene dataset for UMs, which motivates us to conduct a comprehensive dataset generation and collection. In this paper, we build four virtual worlds to generate Synthetic Off-road Trail (SORT) dataset. The dataset seeks to positively influence the development of data-driven trail segmentation for UMs, which we hope other UM researchers will use the dataset and contribute to it. By this method, the dataset can be easily regenerated and tailored for other robot platforms. The whole workflow of tackling the scene parsing task of the UM is provided, and we hope our work can inspire the robot perception research community and help push the usage of realistic visual simulation to develop learning-based algorithms in their research fields. Multimedia material of our dataset is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9biV7fKxKRo&list=PLxSoUS6AFfb-KlqzxpqlMfKoF9qur4h0p.


Thermal waves are theoretically investigated in electron and phonon subsystems of nondegenerate semiconductors. Periodic thermo-e.m.f., which appears in the sample under propagation of thermal waves is calculated. Amplitude and phase frequency dependencies of thermo-e.m.f. is received.


The article aims to present some of the results of the research entitled "Teacher valuation policies in the public municipal education network of Angicos/RN". We considered the fulfillment of the PNE goals that address these policies, the Municipal Education Plan and the structure of the career and remuneration of teachers of public basic education organized in the Plan of Positions, Careers and Remuneration (PCCR) of the network. We used a literature review, document research and data analysis of the teacher appreciation policy requested to the Union of Public Servants of Angicos (SINDSPAN). We identified the nuances of the RCCP implementation in the municipality and contradictory elements regarding the role of the union. We missed the local agendas of the teaching class in the municipality. The process of implementing the PNE and the PME has also been marked by difficulties and material conditions that make them unfeasible.


Software developers rightfully focus on the activities needed to polish the software for its first release. The management of future releases, version identification, compatibility checks, and update strategies are typically treated as an afterthought, but insufficiencies or inconsistencies here have all the potential to make your life miserable once the software has hit the market. These patterns cover practices to identify a particular version, policies to determine version compatibility, and release update strategies. They aim to make the versioning issues explicit, prepare the project for the foreseeable, and help decide what amount of thought to spend. They target the project participants responsible for releases: release manager, project leader, software architect, and product manager.


Surface energies of some simple metals (Be, Al, Mg, Li, and Na) were calculated within density functional theory. Various approximations for the exchange and correlation were tested: local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximations (GGA), and meta–generalized gradient approximation (MGGA). We used the Crystal98 code to calculate slabs with one to 10 layers using both all-electron and pseudopotential approaches. The extraction of the surface energy from the series of slab energies was done by the linear-fitting method. Our LDA and GGA results agree reasonably well with those from other authors. The MGGA values are, in general, close to LDA and higher than GGA ones, a pattern also observed in the jellium model. They also agree reasonably well with the experimental data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005


The increasing number of space debris is an ongoing problem which has caused a considerable harm to all kinds of spacecraft. The main target of this paper is to make an optimal business plan that private firms could adopt in the field of active debris removal (ADR). Thus, ADR is just simplified as a business practice. We discuss four ADR projects, including Laser Orbital Debris Removal, Cube Sail, Clean Space One, and Space Debris Micro Remover. The Profit Evaluate Model analyzes the overall profit and yearly profit under the criteria of various operating period; the Principal Component Analysis Model focuses on the evaluation of optional main factors. By applying those simulated parameters, we reach a conclusion that the best single project to remove space debris is Cube Sail. Introduction The increasing number of space debris was first pointed by Kessler and Cour Palais [1], and then gathers the worldwide attention due to the gradual deterioration. At present, the most of debris dispread at altitudes below 2000 km with large concentrations at several altitudes particularly in lower earth orbit (LEO) [2]. Many scientists have warned that, if we take no action in the future, the debris number will keep growing in LEOs even there is no new launch of aircrafts. Table 1.The number of space debris varied in mass Size >10cm >1cm >1mm Number 29,000 670,000 >170,000,000 Resource: http://www.esa.int/ At present, there are many ADR technologies, for example Small Debris Collection, Laser Orbital Debris Removal, Trash Tenders and Attachable Devices, Dual-Use Orbit Transfer Vehicles, Space-Based Lasers, Space Tethers [3]. Although concepts for the ADR project have been proposed for decades, not until recently has the government begun to take any business activity to operate them. As no one knows which project will succeeded, the logical discussion of four possible ADR projects is applied in our work. Laser Orbital Debris Removal (LODR, America) is shown in Figure 1(a). It is a 5-kilowatt laser that could possibly engage much space debris every day. Cube Sail (CS, the United Kingdom) is shown in Figure 1(b). It is the nano-satellite launched alone and guided to orbital debris under its own power. If the robot 'docks' with the debris, it opens its sail to pull the debris from space. Clean Space One (CSO, Switzerland)) is shown in Figure 1 (c) It is designed to grab hold of a piece of space debris and thrust it into the atmosphere, where it will be burned up. Space Debris Micro Remover (SDMR, Japan) is shown in Figure 1(d) [4]. It can remove debris on the base of the robot arm. (a) LODR (Resource: http://www.space.com) 5th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology (ICMMCT 2017) Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Engineering, volume 126


The polar cap cells of Drosophila (early germ track cells) were posttreated with photoreactivating light after treatment with various doses of ultraviolet and the resulting lethal mutation rates compared with the rates induced by the same doses of ultraviolet in a nonposttreated series. In the nonposttreated, the dose-rate curve was found to rise rapidly at the lower doses employed, becoming less steep with increase in dose until it reaches a plateau, and finally falling off somewhat (these results confirming those earlier reported). By contrast, in the photoreactivated series, the dose-rate relationship appears best to fit a linear curve through the entire range of doses tested, the photoreactivated rates being well below those of the nonposttreated at the lower dosage ranges (0.7 plus or minus 0.4% versus 5.9 plus or minus 1.8% at the dose which shows the greatest difference), the difference in the rates getting less with increasing ultraviolet dose and the two rates (posttreated and nonposttreated) finally becoming much closer at the highest dose (2.5 plus or minus 0.8% versus 4.3 plus or minus 1.2%). These results would indicate that there is a difference in the nature of the photoreactivable and nonphotoreactivable parts of ultraviolet mutagenesis. (auth)


The literature has traditionally argued that while consumer packaged goods firms are somewhat more transactional in their approach to the market, industrial and services markets are more relational. This research closely examines the relationship betwe- en consumers and firms with the help of the results of a nation-wide survey. The results show different levels of strength of relationships between consumers and manufactures, and among different brands. Theoretical, practical and research implications are discussed in this paper.


ABSTRACT In the hot desert climate zones, the energy consumption of fully glazed office buildings is too high due to the heavy cooling loads. This problem forced architects to use the High-Performance Glazing Systems (HPGSs) which reduce the solar heat gain and save energy. Despite the high initial cost, the HPGSs are supposed to be economically feasible in the long term. This study investigates and compares the economic feasibility of three HPGSs for an office building in New Cairo. In terms of life cycle cost (LCC), the Low-E, Electrochromic, and Photovoltaic glazing systems are compared to the Clear Double-Glazing as a conventional system. Furthermore, the three economic indicators; Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PBP) are analysed. In conclusion, the Low-E Glazing System has the lowest LCC because of the low disposal cost. Moreover, the Low-E glazing has the highest NPV, IRR, and the shortest PBP (15 years). Due to the high initial and maintenance costs, the Photovoltaic Glazing System has a higher LCC. The Electrochromic Glazing System is not economically feasible due to the highest LCC, the lowest NPV, the lowest IRR, and the longest PBP which exceeds 30 years.


This thesis describes the process of design, construction and implementation of a wireless sensor network designed for measuring electric consumption of low voltage devices. This work is mainly divided into four sections. In the first one, all measurement circuits for current and voltage are designed. These circuits are simulated, using the software Orcad, to visualize their behavior. Then, the printed circuit board PCB is designed using Altium Designer software. This PCB contains a circuit for measuring voltage and five circuits for measuring current. In the second section, digital processing and wireless data transmission is implemented using the EM430F6137RF900. The programming of such processing and transmission processes are performed in the Code Composer Studio software using languages C and Assembler. For data receiving, the CC1111 USB Dongle is used. This device is programmed in C language using the 'IAR Embedded Workbench IDE for 8051' software. In the third section, all measurements made are presented in a graphical user interface [GUI] implemented in LabVIEW. This interface allows the export of these measurements in a [.csv] file. Finally, in the last section, a statistical analysis of the results is performed. This analysis suggests the implementation of a correction function based on a linear regression of the data which allows a proper performance of the proposed measurement system.


The implementation of adaptive array processing such as the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) requires the knowledge of a reference waveform or a reference direction (steering vector), which is unfortunately not always available to a standalone antenna array especially from a cold start in GNSS applications. A self-contained implementation that cascades pre-correlation nullsteering and post-correlation angular estimation and beamforming is set forth in this paper. The proposed method suppresses jamming by projecting the array outputs onto the jamming nullspace, thus preserving the spatial information for subsequent processing. In the jamming nullspace, the baseband signal processor adopts a master-slave architecture where the same code and carrier replicas drive all channels to maintain phase coherency. Spatial combining, non-coherent in acquisition and coherent in tracking, is used for three intertwined code, carrier, and angular tracking loops. Post-correlation angular estimation can be further used for attitude determination. Test results under realistic jamming conditions are presented that demonstrate the system functionality and performance.


Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of an immunoregulatory peptide in the combination therapy of pneumonia in children. The investigation included 71 children aged 1 to 15 years with pneumonia. According to the days of the week, the patients were randomized into 2 groups: 1) 32 children received standard combination therapy; 2) 39 children took an immunoregulatory peptide (the active ingredient was arginyl-alpha-aspartyl-lysyl-valyl-tyrosyl-arginine) as a nasal spray at a dose of 50 µg in addition to the standard therapy. The efficacy of the agent was evaluated by the duration and severity of the major clinical symptoms of the disease and the levels of cytokines and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. The immunoregulatory peptide was ascertained to be effective in treating children with pneumonia since it decreased the duration and severity of the major clinical symptoms and normalized immunological parameters.


The purpose of the present study was to investigate the nature of the relationship between gross-motor, eye-hand coordination and hemispheric specialization in normal right-handed children. Participants were 30 children, 75–99 mo. 15 boys and 15 girls performed a gross-motor eye-hand coordination task (a controlled, continuous one-handed ball bounce) and a test of hemispheric specialization. A backscreen tachistoscopic projection system was used to present letters and abstract shapes to left and right visual hemifields. A multivariate analysis of variance yielded a significant main effect for eye-hand coordination but not for sex. Follow-up analyses indicated that speed and accuracy of responses to verbal and spatial stimuli presented to the left cerebral hemisphere were significantly related to proficiency of eye-hand coordination. Data suggest that certain aspects of hemispheric specialization may be important to gross-motor eye-hand coordination in young children. Since the left cerebral hemisphere is the major control center for movements of the right side, the hemisphere which controls movements of a particular side may also assume the major responsibility for processing information needed to regulate those movements.


The subject of pigmentation of the nail is rarely mentioned in medical literature. There is frequent mention of other abnormalities such as leukonychia, transverse or longitudinal ridges, pits and cracks, but no notation of cases of pigmented stripes of the nails. A search of the available texts, journals and the "Index Medicus" has disclosed but one case similar to the one described here. In 1917, Montgomery presented a clinical report of such a case accompanied by a photograph. DIGEST OF CASE REPORTED BY DR. MONTGOMERY1 "The following is a description of a condition which I have never observed before and which I have never seen mentioned." The patient, a Jew, aged 36, had syphilis in 1903, had received treatment for it and the Wassermann test had become negative. He had recently been successfully treated for eczema of the hand by means of the roentgen ray. This treatment had been


In networked software, the large numbers of domain asserts of multi-level and various granularity is obtained through domain modeling. It is necessary to organize them by use of division of problem domain in order to reuse them conveniently and then provide services on-demand. Therefore, cohesion and coupling is used to measure the rationality of the division, and to guide the merge and subdivision of problem domain. By this way, it can provide a strong guarantee to achieve the strong cohesion and weak coupling of problem domain and improve the domain model reuse convenience ultimately.


Introduction. The aging of the human body, which is an inevitable and irreversible process, causes changes in the structure and functions of organs and a decrease in intellectual and cognitive functions. Physical activity is essential for the quality of life of seniors. The aim of the study was to compare the energy cost of physical activity of women and men over 65 years of age, living in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship.
Material and methods. Cross-sectional study covered seniors at the age of 65-74, from Podkarpackie Province. The research tool was an International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for the analysis.
Results. Energy expenditure related to energy cost of vigorous (p = 0.031), moderate (p = 0.014) and total effort (p = 0.007) job-related, motor vehicle-related effort (p < 0.001), and leisure-time physical activity (p = 0.005) was statistically significantly higher in men. In women, higher values of vigorous physical activities in the garden or yard (p = 0.049) and moderate physical activities at home (p = 0.014) were observed.
Conclusions. The energy cost of activities requiring job-related vigorous, moderate and total physical activity, as well as the energy cost of effort related to train, bus, car, tram, or other kind of motor vehicle, as well as recreation, sport, and leisure-time physical activity is higher in men. On the other hand, women are characterized by a higher energy cost of vigorous physical activities in the garden or yard and moderate physical activities inside home. The time spent sitting does not differentiate the surveyed women and men.


In this paper, we provide evidence on the value of banking relationships by examining the stock market valuation impact of three large bank failures in Japan in 1997 and 1998 on their clients and the clients of surviving banks. Bank failures are theorized to have adverse consequences for other firms in general and for customers of the failed institutions in particular. Firms that are customers of the failed institution may be adversely affected because they may lose an ongoing source of funding and need to incur the expense of search and providing financial and other information about themselves to new lenders. Firms that are not customers of the failed bank may be adversely affected because the failure may signal existing but yet unrecognized problems at other banks, ignite problems at other banks through spillover or contagion, or foretell adverse economic conditions for the economy in the region or nationwide. ; Unlike previous studies of this type, we examine the impact of bank failure announcements on the market valuation not only of the client firms of the failed banks but on all firms including the clients of surviving banks. We find that, as in previous studies, the market value of customers of the failed banks is adversely affected at the date of the failure announcements. Firms that have greater access to alternative sources of funding experience a less severe adverse impact from bank failure announcements. Similarly, clients of banks that are more profitable, better capitalized, and have lower loan loss reserves suffer less from the failure announcements. However, we also find that these effects are not significantly different from the effects experienced by all firms in the economy. That is, the bank failures represent "bad news" for all firms in the economy, not just for the customers of the failed banks.


In recent years, several Identity Federation security protocols have been introduced to enhance the security of Identity authentication. Owning to the complexity, as-sessing security of Identity Federation security protocols has becoming a hot issue. Hence, in this study, we firstly review the development of formal methods on Identity Federation Security Protocol Based on SAML. And then, an Identity Federation Security Protocol Based on SAML is formalized with Applied PI calculus. After that, the formal model is translated into the inputs of ProVerif. Finally, we run ProVerif to analyze the security properties of Identity Federation Security Protocol Based on SAML. The result shows it has not secrecy, but it has some authentications. At the same time, we present a solution to address the security problems.


Recently, Cloud computing is an ideal solution to complete business processes of most enterprises. The number of cloud services providers has increased, and consequently the number of cloud services and offerings has increased. The said issue is how choosing the best suitable cloud service adequate to business requirements. The aim of this paper is to provide a novel MCDM approach that gives accurate and reliable results for cloud service selection based problem. This paper proposes a hybrid MCDM (CRITIC-TOPSIS) approach to select best cloud service. CRITIC method used for determining weights of criteria objectively, furthermore, TOPSIS method used for ranking six virtual dedicated servers (VDS silver, VDS Gold, Cloud4You, SMART8, SMART16, QUAD SMART) based on 4 criteria (Dedicated CPU cores, Dedicated RAM , Storage HDD , Price/month). To approve the validity and robustness of the proposed hybrid approach, sensitivity analysis was conducted through sum experiments as different scenarios. Proposal's result was compared to another hybrid approach result, which used Entropy weighting method to determine the weights of criteria and TOPSIS to rank alternatives. More MCDM methods were applied (Classical TOPSIS, PROMETHEE-||, weighted sum product, weighted sum model), then this experimental results compared with the two hybrids and approved validity of CRITIC-TOPSIS approach.


The creative contribution to the psychotherapeutic situation is more likely to be attributed to the authorial (and authoritative!) therapist than to the patient. This obscures the extent to which the therapist is created by the patient in the service of his or her needds. It is only when the therapeutic situation as such is understood as creative for both participants that the creative role of the patient can be appreciated. The party played by the creativity of a patient is illustrated in a therapeutic incident with a traumatized Vietnam veteran.


To make airline work out scientific and rational flight plans according to the travelers' need,and enhance the airline passenger satisfaction,the article analyse the properties of air travelers choose and its impact to the flight schedules,describe the concept of the passenger plan delay cost,the importance and role of the passenger choice behavior.Establish the flight time optimization model based on the passenger choice model by the scientic method,do some study for airlines to make further optimized flight plans.


Two-beam coupling gain spectra with the deep at zero detuning frequency are observed in germanium doped cadmium telluride crystal. Experimental data manifest the strong electron-hole competition in grating recording process. Two out-of-phase gratings are induced by photoexcited and thermally excited carriers.


The present invention discloses a fixing structure and a display device having the fixing structure, the fixing structure comprising a fixing screw, the first frame and the second frame. Fixing screw comprising a first fixed end and a second end fixed to the connecting rod, wherein the first fixed end of the fixed head of the screw; and a second end fixed to the fixed tail screw; and a connecting rod in the middle of the fixing screw, a first connection the fixed end and second fixed end. A first housing having a first through hole, a second end for fixing screws for fixing the connecting rod and through. A second housing having a second through bore in the second housing adjacent to the second through-hole elastic hole wall, when the fixing screws through the second through hole, the elastic deformation of the hole wall to a second expansion passage hole, and the resilient clamping fixing screw hole wall a second fixed end. The present invention is a display device having the structure is fixed by the fixing structure fixing the display panel to the backlight module, thereby reducing the difficulty of assembly, to improve the assembling efficiency.


Abstract Permanently poled crystals of L-alanine doped, mixed triglycine sulphate/selenate have been grown and their pyroelectric and dielectric properties evaluated. The performance of some pyroelectric detectors using these crystals has been measured and found to be superior to equivalent detectors made from L-alanine doped triglycine sulphate.


An 8-day-old female Shetland pony was referred to the Jeonbuk animal medical center for evaluation of bilateral hindlimb lameness. The foal had been severely lame in the both hind leg since birth. The luxation of the patella was confirmed on physical examinations. During the operation, extensive soft tissue damage and hemorrhage were observed around the medial patellar ligament. Lateral patellar luxation was surgically repaired using lateral release of the patella and medial imbrication of the joint capsule. Follow up revealed that lameness improved during postoperative period. It was concluded that patella luxation as a traumatic cause of lameness in foals can be corrected by surgical techniques successfully.


This study aimed to 1) explore the effects of the online EASA instructional model on the speaking ability of Thai EFL students and 2) investigate the students' perceptions toward learning through the online EASA instructional model. Thirty eleventh grade students in the first semester of the academic year 2021 at a public school in Nakhon Pathom province, Thailand, were selected as participants for this study by using the convenience sampling method. This study employed a single group pretest and posttest design. The research instruments included 1) English speaking pretest and posttest 2) close-ended questionnaire and 3) interview questions about participants' perceptions towards learning through the online EASA instructional model. The data analysis employed the statistics of paired-sample t-test, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis. The results indicated that 1) students' posttest mean score after learning through the online EASA instructional model was higher than the pretest mean score at a significant level of .001, and the results of the questionnaire and semi-structured interview revealed that 2) students had positive perceptions towards learning through the online EASA instructional model.


Researched topical issues of improving the accuracy of the application of highdynamic aircraft used for the purpose of mineral exploration, environmental monitoring, security, environmental and fire safety, as well as the decisions of other special tasks. The possible variants of construction of control systems of dynamic objects on the basis of integration of traditional inertial navigation systems and user equipment of a network of satellite navigation systems. Justified some schematics, technical and constructive solutions for development of advanced navigation equip-ment of the aircraft.


In this article, we introduce and study a new class of operators, larger than ( α , β ) − A -normal operators and different than ( α , β ) − A -normal operators, named m -quasi- ( α , β ) − A -normal operators. Considering the semi-inner product in- duced by a positive operator A , the m -quasi-( α , β ) − A -normal operators turn into a generalization (for this new structure) of classical m -quasi-( α , β ) -normal operators. Several results concerning properties of this kind of operators are presented in the paper. Several inequalities for the A -numerical radius and A -operator norm for members of this class are established.


Purpose
This study aims to investigate direct and indirect (via perceived caring climate) links between spiritual leadership and hazing at work in the hospitality context. The authors also test the role of employee interpersonal justice values as a boundary condition.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected time-lagged data from 441 newcomers and their 441 peers (existing hotel employees) and analyzed the data using structural modeling equation in Mplus (8.6).

Findings
The authors found a negative relationship between spiritual leadership and hazing behaviors. Further, perceived caring climate mediated the relationship between spiritual leadership and hazing behaviors. The results also provided support for employee interpersonal justice values as the boundary condition on both the direct relationship between spiritual leadership and perceived caring climate and the indirect relationship between spiritual leadership and workplace hazing.

Practical implications
The authors suggest that there is a value in having organizational leaders who demonstrate spiritual leadership behaviors. This will enhance hospitality employees' perceptions of a caring climate and undermine their engagement in hazing behaviors.

Originality/value
This study makes an important contribution to the nascent literature on workplace hazing behaviors and spiritual leadership in the hospitality context. The study is also noteworthy because it provides important insights into the antecedents and outcomes of perceived caring climate, an important contextual resource that has imperative implications for hospitality employees' hazing behaviors.


This article presents the results of research on perceptions of teacher training. The study design is transactional and descriptive, for which an ad hoc survey of two groups was developed: the school sysrtem teachers and academics in the region of Bio Bio in Chile. Its aim is to analyze the perception of these groups on six themes: evaluation, learning, innovation, research, development and relationship university / school / community. The main results show a high evaluation of assessment practices, introducing innovations in the classroom and refinement. The reasearch is carried out by both teachers and university profressors in the school system, although at different frequencies. The university / school / community relations are considered relevant but are not consolidarted. Finally some thoughts arise that link the themes discussed in terms of improving teacher education.


Although it has been conjectured that the Poverty Point Culture site known as Poverty Point, in northeast Louisiana, possesses astronomical alignments (Brecher and Haag, 1980), it has not proved possible to determine whether such is the case (Purrington, 1983) and indeed, it may never be possible to do so. The problem is that the site has been seriously modified by agricultural use and that, as a consequence, it is not possible to ascertain how the site may have functioned astronomically, not the least because there is now no way to locate a centre or centres of ritual and/or observation with any certainty. Furthermore, the erosion of the radiating avenues or aisles makes determination of indicated azimuths difficult and uncertain. While the southwest and northwest avenues are obvious candidates for astronomical alignment, suggesting solstice sunset, detailed analysis seemed to rule out this possibility (Purrington, 1983). To be precise, sunset at the summer standstill does occur at nearly the same azimuth as the 'best fit' to the direction indicated by the northwest avenue, but there is no fit to the winter solstice. The homogeneous, geometrical character of the site suggests that one should therefore be cautious in accepting as intentional the summer solstice alignment. On the other hand, there are at least two evident astronomical alignments, albeit rudimentary ones, the north-south line which connects Lower Jackson Mound and Mounds A and B, and the due north orientation of Motley Mound from the centre of the Poverty Point octagon (Figure 2). Given this fact, and the obvious symmetry of the earthwork structure, it is somewhat surprising that its overall orientation is unrelated to the cardinal directions. Indeed, this in itself suggests an astronomical orientation (Purrington, 1983). Actually the western side of the octagon, whose perpendicular has an azimuth of about 266°, may be intended to face due west, in which case it is only the sightline to Mound A that is mis-aligned. There are, in any event, possible astronomical alignments at Poverty Point that have not previously been examined, and it is our intention to do so here. While the astronomical origin of the orientations upon the cardinal directions is evident, they are of less interest than other more profound alignments, and we will say no more about them.


This paper discusses the use of the Cramer-Rao bound as a means of assessing the accuracy of maximum likelihood parameter estimates obtained from dynamic flight data. Emphasizing practical considerations such as modeling error, the Cramer-Rao bound is evaluated with real and simulated data. Improved computations of the bound to correct large discrepancies caused by colored noise and modeling error are presented. This corrected Cramer-Rao bound is the best available analytical predictor of accuracy. Nomenclature ay = lateral acceleration, g B = band limit, Hz Cf = coefficient of dihedral effect Ef j = expected value FFT = state noise power spectral density matrix /( ) = general function GG T = measurement noise covariance matrix g( ) = general function J = cost functional M = Fisher information matrix N = number of time points n = state noise vector p = roll rate, deg/s p ( ) = probability density R = prediction error covariance matrix r = yaw rate, deg/s t =time, s u = control vector var = variance x = state vector z = observation vector £g = prediction of z based on £ a = angle of attack, deg 0 = angle of sideslip, deg A^ = sampling interval, s da = aileron deflection, deg 17 = measurement noise vector £ = vector of unknowns = bank angle, deg V t = gradient with respect to £


Central to food security interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa stands the value chain approach. The underlying idea is that connecting farmers to input and output markets and sources of knowledge and technology will enhance their food security status. In spite of positive impacts measured in especially food supply, there is scant evidence of the long-term effects on food security. For a better grasp of the impacts of a maize value chain intervention in North Ghana, we have experimented with an approach that focuses on interactions and feedback loops between the value chain and its local context. Such approach allowed us to identify dynamics that affect food security in the long run. In the case of Northern Ghana farming systems, household income and diets are increasingly dependent on maize, which increases risk of food insecurity in case of climate setbacks or market shocks. The exercise reveals how a linear value chain approach obscures the dynamic effects cascading from the intervention that may actually hamper food security in the long run. A systems approach may help to better grasp the consequences of external interventions at the local level.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze the loopholes in the management of drug quantity in 22 primary hospitals and countermeasures. METHODS: Investigate and analyze the loopholes in the management of drug quantity in 22 primary hospitals. RESULTS: The loopholes were mainly management system defect, the system and regulatory may not be implemented in place and so on. CONCLUSION: To change the concept of primary hospitals, increase pharmacy investment, improve the management rules and regulations of pharmacy, strengthen supervision can effectively close the loopholes and reduce the economic losses of hospital.


The invention relates to a refrigerator with a refrigeration compartment in which a shelf, and a beverage container tray (900) are arranged, wherein the beverage container tray (900) comprises a lower part (904), wherein the lower part (902) has a receptacle (208, 210a-210c) for receiving a drinks container, the receptacle (208, 210a-210c) by a curved shaped surface portion (212) of a base body (202) of the base (902) having a plurality of bulges (214) and concavities (216) is formed, wherein the bulges (214) on an upper surface (204) of the surface section (212) receiving (208, 210a-210c) and the concavities (216) on an underside (206) of the surface section (212) footprint portions (218) for supporting form the beverage container tray (900) on the shelf. According to the invention the beverage container tray (900) on a top (904) having at least one receptacle (912, 914a-914c) for receiving a beverage container.


To overcome traditional methods' shortcomings of inherent time lag and sensitive to system parameters, a strategy based on gray system theory was proposed. GM(1,1) was constructed repeatedly by gray data sequence of distortion components. It could forecast distortion signals of next period and select the optimal control strategy to produce compensation signals. Before new predicting the oldest data was eliminated and the latest data was added to data sequence. GM(1,1) can always reflect the latest system action and not increase calculation quantity. The deadbeat track control strategy makes unified power quality controller(UPQC) compensate distortion components without delay. Simulation results show that it can effectively improve power quality and is characterized by less calculation, high accuracy, fast speed and good flexibility. (6 pages)