ISO code of ellipse was defined,the program and method of translating from ISO code to difference interpolation code was discussed,the program was developed in VC++6.0 in Windows XP operating system,good result was gained.


Pharmaceutical substances are synthetic compounds with very widespread usage due to their therapeutic biological effects. These compounds and their bioactive metabolites are continually introduced into the aquatic environment as complex mixtures via sewage treatment plants (incomplete destruction), animal farms or leaching from landfills. In this study, an analytical procedure involving solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was developed to determine pharmaceutical compounds (caffeine, diclofenac, ketoprofen and ibuprofen) in aqueous samples (wastewater and surface water). The results demonstrated the suitability of the method at trace levels (ng·L −1) for multi-residue analysis of different types of water matrices.


Various types of internal antennas suitable for digital TV receiver have been investigated. These include rectangular plate loop structure, 1/2λ monopole, and L-dipole. Evaluations of the internal antennas were done, numerically and experimentally, to obtain some electrical properties such as S11, VSWR, gain and radiation pattern. All the fabricated antennas are incorporated inside the TV receiver body. This allows more flexible, moveable, compact, and inexpensive construction of digital TV in the future.


Ultrastructural changes during spermiogenesis in the flatworm, Notoplana japonica were studied with special attention to organizing process of an acrosome and flagella. During spermiogenesis, the Golgi complex develops conspicuously but it fails to organize the structure of an acrosomal vesicle. Consequently, no acrosome is formed at the apex of the sperm. As a substitute for an acrosomal structure, the slender process at the tip of the mature sperm is prominently occupied with glycogen granules.


The excepcionalidad of origin of the action of guardianship against decisions of the State council, damages the independence, autonomy and judicial impartiality. Because the decisions of the organ of closing produce effects of thing judged material and formal linked directly with the juridical safety. The action of guardianship against decisions of the general aim is to identify the most common problems to demonstrate that the origin of the state council serious to generate juridical insecurity, not to know the autonomy and judicial independence, and to propose a juridical mechanism to define his inadmissibility of definitive form. Bearing in mind that cannot be a mechanism parallel to the process.


Today, modern technology has provided more powerful tools to evaluate the information related to heart sounds that traditional tools like stethoscope cannot achieve. One of the most common methods used for listening and tracking the heart sounds is to record them with special devices. The recorded heart sounds is known as PCG (phonocardiogram) signal. It is a particularly useful diagnosis tool since it contains different timings and relative intensities of heart beat sounds which are directly related to heart activity. The objective of this paper we develop a simple model for analysing the PCG signal in order to distinguish between normal and abnormal heart sounds. This analysis is carried out by using discrete wavelet transform. By using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) the PCG signal is decomposed in to 7 stages. The average standard deviation of the detailed coefficients at each stage is calculated for each signal. The slopes of these curves for each case are obtained by plotting the average standard deviation of the detailed coefficients at each level detail. The analysis of these slopes shown that the discrimination between the normal signals from abnormal is possible


AbstractOnly the correct stochastic model can be applied to derive the optimal parameter estimation and then realize the precision global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning. The key for refining the GNSS stochastic model is to establish the easy-to-use stochastic model that should capture the error characteristics adequately based on the estimated precisions from the real observations. In this paper, the authors study the GNSS elevation-dependent precision modeling and analyze its impact on the statistic testing involved in the adjustment reliability. With the zero-baseline dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) data, the authors first estimate the elevation-dependent precisions and establish the stochastic models by fitting them with three predefined functions, including the unique precision function and the sine and exponential types of elevation-dependent functions. Three established models are then evaluated by their performance in the overall and w-statistic testing. The results i...


It is shown how the leading term for very large R of the Casimir–Polder potential, that is the term varying as R−7, arises in second-order perturbation theory applied to the interaction Hamiltonian − . The generalization to anisotropic molecules is calculated and the angular dependence of the long range intermolecular potential in this case is given explicitly in terms of the principal polarizabilities and their corresponding directions of the two molecules.


This research aims to investigate the possibility of using α-globin mRNA for both human blood identification and age estimation of bloodstains. Primers specific to human α-globin mRNA were designed. These primers were then used to amplify cDNA prepared from human and animal blood samples. A 168 bp DNA band was only detected in the reaction containing the human blood sample. This result suggesting that the designed primers could be able to be used for PCR amplification of human blood evidence. For age estimation of human bloodstains, bloodstains on cotton clothes (3 males and 3 females) were prepared and then separately kept at 30 oC for 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days, respectively. The quantity of α-globin cDNA in each sample was then examined in 3 replicates by realtime PCR. Interestingly, the quantity of α-globin cDNA tended to decrease with the age of the bloodstain. The coefficients of determination (R) of male and female bloodstains were 0.90 and 0.88, respectively. Our observed results suggested that age estimation of human bloodstains could be performed by comparing the quantity of α-globin mRNA presented in the samples.


maximum of three symptoms causing a burden and then choose the most bothersome from a list of 10 core symptoms. However, less than half selected the most bothersome symptom from their three core symptoms. The significance of the three core and/or one core question must be assessed in the future. Three possible limitations existed in the present study: (i) the small number of cases; (ii) including participants of two towns; and (iii) participants who were residents and not patients. The first might be acceptable, because Kline showed that the sample size should be more than 100. The second might also be acceptable because of the similarity in the participants' backgrounds. Regarding the third, the analysis might be confirmed using patients in clinics. However, we could show the reliability and validity using a sample of residents whose LUTS might be modest compared with patients visiting clinics. It is suggested that the CLSS questionnaire is useful even in an epidemiological study.


Since entering the new century, the efficient use of energy has become the key to the development of every country in the world, so it is an inevitable trend to create a resource-saving society. So many fields are also actively exploring new environmental protection technology, and in the development process of China's industrial industry, the further use of rare earth permanent magnet motor can better realize the full use of energy. Therefore, this paper will analyze the development of rare earth permanent magnet motor and the overall application trend.


This project has received funding from the European Union's
Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant
agreement no. 635595 (CarbaZymes), the Ministerio de
Economia y Competitividad (MINECO), the Fondo Europeo de
Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (grant no. CTQ2015-63563-R to
P.C. and CTQ2015-64436-P to T.P.), and COST action CM1303
Systems Biocatalysis.


The physical property quality of mid-deep reservoir in Huanghekou Sag has become the main important factor influencing on oil and gas exploration in recent years.The study of relationship between reservoir physical property and production capacity has an important meaning to exploration and development.Therefore,combined with oil test data and physical property data,and taking Huanghekou Sag as an example,this paper studies the relationship between reservoir physical property and production fluid.Using the lower limit of valid reservoir physical property obtained by testing method,the accordance rate is inspected to be 96.7%.According to this limit value,the reservoirs are divided into valid reservoirs and invalid reservoirs.Based on the valid reservoir classification,the relationship of physical property and production capacity is built.The mid-deep reservoirs of Huanghekou Sag are divided into four types.The first type is the best reservoir and the fourth type is the reservoir almost without industrial value.This study can provide the scientific basis for reasonably and effectively evaluating the distribution zone of favorable reservoir.


How do price commitments impact the amount of information firms acquire about potential customers? We examine this question in the context of a competitive market where firms search for information that may disqualify applicants. Contracts are incomplete because the amount of information acquired cannot be observed. Despite competition, we find that firms search for too much information in equilibrium. If price discrimination is prohibited, members of high-risk groups suffer disproportionately high rejection rates. If rejected applicants remain in the market, the resulting adverse selection can be severe. We apply the results to the US mortgage market. (JEL D82, D83, D86, G21)


Introduction

Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology

Species Diversity

Metabolic Diversity

Genes and Genetic System

Biotechnological Applications

Solvents

Enzymes

Specialty Chemicals and Biotransformations

Waste Treatment

Conclusions and Future Research

Bibliography

Keywords:

anaerobes;
enzymes;
extremophiles;
metabolic diversity;
methanogenesis;
organic acids;
solvents;
waste treatment


GapA is known as one of important adhesins in Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG).The N-and C-termini of GapA were amplified from the genome of a virulent isolate strain,DC9604,which varied from 98aa-322aa and 820-1 115aa,respectively.Then,the fragments were subcloned into pGEX-6p-1 vector to be expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3) strain.The results showed that N-terminus of GapA(GapAN) was expressed highly,however,no expression of C-terminus of GapA(GapAC).The antibody against GapAN could inhibit the adhesion of MG in MDCK cells,which indicated that GapA is essential to MG adherence.It will be carried out preparation of monoclonal antibody to GapAN,which is not only used to select MG recombinant mutations,but also to identify different strains or virulent isolates in MG rapid diagnosis.


We discuss a possible explanation of the recently observed diphoton excess at around 750 GeV as seen by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider. We calculate the cross section of the diphoton signature in 2-Higgs Doublet Models with the addition of a real isospin scalar multiplet without a vacuum expectation value, where a neutral component of such a representation can be a dark matter candidate. We find that the branching fraction of an additional CP-even Higgs boson $H$ from the doublet fields into the diphoton mode can be significantly enhanced, by up to a factor of $10^3$, with respect to the case of the simple 2-Higgs Doublet Model. Such a sizable enhancement is realized due to multi-charged inert particle loops entering the $H\to \gamma\gamma$ decay mode. Through this enhancement, we obtain a suitable cross section of the $gg\to H \to \gamma\gamma$ process to explain the data with the fixed mass of $H$ being 750 GeV.


Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pratapgarh has conducted 88 front line demonstrations on gram in 35.2 ha. area under real farming situations in 2012 in the farmer's fields of six adopted villages (Avleshwar, Basad, Dalmu, Dhamotar, Manohargarh and Kherot) of Pratapgarh (Raj). All the 6 villages where FLDs were conducted by KVKs were included in the study. The total sample size was 176 consisting of 88 beneficiary and 88 non-beneficiary farmer's. Gram is called chickpea or gram in South Asia and Garbanzo bean in most of the developed world. Gram is a major pulse crop in India, gram is widely appreciated as health food. It is a protein-rich supplement to cerealbased diets, especially to the poor in developing countries, where people are vegetarians or cannot afford animal protein. There was significant difference in existing knowledge of beneficiary and non- beneficiary farmers except to harvesting with respect to gram production technology.


We analyze the access behavior and traffic characteristics of typical mobile services, study and compare the performance of different adaptation approaches. For a typical unified Web site, 10% of access requests are from mobile users, 90% from PC users. The heterogeneity in the communicating devices and networks QoS characteristics need to be handled through different forms of software-supported adaptation. The two main adaptation models are server-based model and proxy-based model. The processing load of server or proxy carrying out the adaptation may increase by about 10 times or more. In order to provide differential services and increase the scalability, the server-adaptation and proxy-adaptation should coexist. They are suitable for paid and free services respectively. Paid services account for about 80% of mobile traffic, and free services account for 20%. Server and proxy processing capability should be increased by more than 2 times. Thus traffic and processing load is divided rationally.


Effective teaching encompasses more than instructional strategies, content knowledge, and assessing; effective teachers must be able to manage their classroom and build relationships with the students they work with in order to foster student growth. This study examined what effect Responsive Classroom and Positive Behavioral Interventions & Supports (PBIS) strategies had on reducing negative student behaviors and improving student attitudes towards school. Over a seven-week period Responsive Classroom and PBIS strategies were utilized as the primary classroom management strategies in a suburban first-grade classroom in Minnesota. Student attitudes towards school were surveyed at the beginning and end of the study in addition to daily data collection on Take-A-Breaks (Responsive Classroom), student support center referrals, and a teacher reflection completed every other day. The data showed a correlation between the implemented strategies and improved attitudes towards school as assessed by the student survey. Over the course of the study, the number of breaks taken each day decreased overall as did the number of students that took breaks in a day. The positive results from the study indicate the effectiveness of the strategies used and encourage future use of both programs. Peer to peer relationships was the primary area that did not experience growth or positive results during the programs, so future research or implementation of other programs should be done in order to fill that gap. Keywords: Responsive Classroom, Positive Behavioral Interventions & Supports, behavior, student attitude Impact of Responsive Classroom and PBIS on Behavior 3 A famous quotation by Maya Angelou states, "I've learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel." This statement rings true in every facet of life, but is especially relevant to where students spend most of their time: the classroom. During this time it is the tone, attitude, and language of the adult speaking to them that will build their feelings about themselves, others, and school in general. As adults, it is important to us that our work is appreciated, feedback is constructive, and we are spoken to with respect. All students deserve the same. To this point, there are a variety of classroom management philosophies that drive how teachers form their classroom environments. From these philosophies stem an ever-growing list of management tools and systems such as Class Dojo, clip charts, Restorative Justice, Love and Logic, as well as many others. The choices teachers make in how they build expectations, choose systems, speak with students, manage behaviors, and hold students accountable, directly affects the environment in which students learn which in turn affects academic outcomes. This study will look at the interaction between two well-known classroom management theories: Responsive Classroom and Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports. Both theories place a strong emphasis on commending positive behavior choices, creating a classroom environment where students are welcomed into the classroom, and helping students see positive choices while processing through undesired actions. A large concern in classrooms across the United States is instruction time. Teachers are highly protective over their time to instruct students work to minimize disruptions. Inattentiveness and off-task behaviors account for the greatest loss of instructional time (Godwin et al., 2013). Responsive Classroom strengthens the bond between social and academic Impact of Responsive Classroom and PBIS on Behavior 4 learning in order to maximize instruction time and further social skills as a means of lessening undesired behaviors (Rimm-Kaufman & Chiu, 2007). Furthermore, Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports works as a preventative technique for undesired behaviors by using positive prompting in the classroom (Simonsen & Sugai, 2013). Both philosophies have seen positive impacts in the classroom on a social level with academic implications as well. This study was built as a response to a teacher searching for the best classroom management approach that follows a philosophy containing the need for positive interactions, all students feeling welcome, redirection of undesired behaviors, and a strong classroom community. In this study, a teacher used Responsive Classroom and Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports with high fidelity in order to observe the effects of both approaches on her students, their behavior choices, and classroom environment. This research was conducted in a suburban, first-grade classroom of 22 learners, including 11 boys and 11 girls ages six and seven. Through surveying the 22 learners, looking at their frequency of using the Take-a-Break (break) system from Responsive Classroom, tracking behavior referrals outside of the classroom, and a teacher self-reflection, there was a deep look into the effectiveness of these classroom management approaches. Key Positive Behavioral Intervention and Support actions included positive comments towards desired behaviors, reminders given in positive terms, and a token system for positive behaviors seen in the classroom. Responsive Classroom techniques employed during the study include Morning Meeting, Quiet Time, Take-a-Break, Closing Circle, and more. Through this work indirect observations included types of undesired behaviors seen in the classroom, instruction time spent on behaviors, general classroom environment, and student engagement were all noted but will not be directly spoken on due to data collection methods. The Impact of Responsive Classroom and PBIS on Behavior 5 purpose of this study was to see what effect Responsive Classroom and Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports have on reducing negative behaviors and improving student attitudes in a first-grade classroom. Review of Literature Impact of Responsive Classroom and PBIS on Behavior Choices in the Elementary Classroom Instructional time is sacred to teachers to maximize growth for the students in their classroom and allow all students to learn in differentiated ways. Instructional time can be lost due to a variety of reasons including special events, interruptions, weather, and more. According to Karweit & Slavin (1981) as stated in Godwin et al., the factor that counts for the greatest loss of instructional time student inattentiveness and off-task behavior (Godwin, Almeda, Petroccia, Baker, & Fisher, 2013). Negative behaviors affect more than just class time. There is a clear link between academic achievement and problem behavior. A 2005 study conducted by Kent McIntosh found that not only were students with problems behaviors more likely to have literacy skills significantly lower than their peers, but low end of the year kindergarten achievement was a predictor for problem behaviors to be seen in fifth grade (Putnam, Horner, & Algozzine, 2006). On average when a student leaves a classroom for a behavior report, they are missing 20 minutes of instructional time, and a suspension is a full day of instructional time lost for that student (Putnam et al., 2006). What effect will Responsive Classroom and Positive Behavioral Interventions & Supports (PBIS) have on reducing negative behaviors and improving student attitudes about school in a first-grade classroom? Impact of Responsive Classroom and PBIS on Behavior 6 Defining Problem Behavior, Responsive Classroom, and PBIS Problem (negative) behaviors are known to not only impact that child's academic achievement but impact instruction time for all students in their classroom (Godwin et al., 2013). Common negative behaviors seen in elementary schools are fighting, harassment, disruption, and defiance (Alter, Walker, & Landers, 2013). The most prevalent and challenging negative behavior seen in schools that accounts for a loss of instruction time is off-task behavior. Studies have found that children spend 10 to 50 percent of their time in a general education classroom exhibiting off-task behavior (Godwin et al., 2013). Classroom environment, building factors, environmental elements, classroom decor, and instructional format can all impact off-task behavior. Research shows that teachers' perceptions play into defining and recognizing behaviors. For example, elementary teachers view verbal disturbances as more problematic than high school teachers, but African American teachers viewed verbal disturbances and less problematic than all other racial groups (Alter et al., 2013). Furthermore, male teachers struggled with student inattentiveness while female teachers paid more attention to disrespect from students (Alter et al., 2013). The Responsive Classroom approach is an intervention used in thousands of classrooms across the United States which creates a tighter bond between academic and social learning (Rimm-Kaufman & Chiu, 2007). In this approach, the teacher creates a caring environment for their students and manages their classroom with engaging lessons and promoting positive social interactions (Rimm-Kaufman et al., 2014). Rimm-Kaufman & Chiu (2007) noted the seven principles Responsive Classroom is built on: equal emphasis on the social and academic curriculum; focus on how children learn as Impact of Responsive Classroom and PBIS on Behavior 7 much as what they learn; view that social interaction facilitates cognitive growth; emphasis on cooperation, assertion, responsibility, empathy, and self-control as critical social skills for children to learn; emphasis on teachers' knowledge of children's individual, cultural, and developmental characteristics; focus on understanding of children's families; and attention to the way in which adults work together within a school. (p. 399) These principles have allowed specific practices to emerge. Morning Meeting is a Responsive Classroom practice that allows community b


In this paper the computer program for SDL-1000 Collision avoiding Radar system on ships has been analysed, thereby the algorithm of automatic tracking and collision avoiding, the display of calculated results on rader screen, and their programming details are given


Introduction: Commonly known as "the morning-after pill," hormonal emergency contraception or the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) is most effective if used within 72 hours of unprotected sex. In this paper we review a pilot project in Toronto, Ontario, that aimed to increase accessibility by allowing pharmacists to dispense ECP through a pharmacist-physician collaborative agreement, using a predefined protocol. Participating pharmacists received training in the pilot protocol and about ECP. To evaluate whether participating pharmacists were following the project protocol (i.e., giving accurate information to women requesting ECP and dispensing ECP appropriately), and to determine the quality of the pharmacist-patient encounter, we sent "secret shoppers" to participating pharmacies. Method: Five trained "secret shoppers," using one of two predefined scripts (Script One, where ECP was clearly appropriate, and Script Two, where ECP was not appropriate) visited 34 participating pharmacies to request ECP. At the end of the visit, the secret shopper filled in a questionnaire about the encounter and provided comments. Percentages were calculated for all variables. Results: For Script One encounters (n=17), most pharmacists followed the protocol correctly to dispense ECP. For Script Two encounters (n=17), 71.4% provided alternatives to ECP, but three pharmacists did not follow protocol and provided ECP. For Script One, 52.9% of pharmacists and for Script Two, 71.4%, provided a community referral for follow-up care. The majority of pharmacists (97%) treated the shopper with respect and 85% communicated clearly. Most of the shoppers' comments were positive and the main negative comment about the encounter was lack of privacy. Conclusions: The use of a secret shopper allowed the examination of the pharmacist-customer interaction to delineate issues of importance to the pilot project and provide feedback on areas that may require improvement in the pharmacy provision of emergency contraception, namely, dealing with women who do not qualify for ECP and providing women with community referrals for sexually transmitted infections or ongoing contraception.


A basic formulation of the laser system is given in the form most convenient to study the time-dependent cooperative ( symmetry breaking ) behavior of the system in the far-from-equilibrium states from the microscopic and fully quantum-statistical-mechanical point of view. The quantum mechanical master equation, derived from a microscopic model Hamiltonian, is mapped onto a c-number function space with the use of the Boson and spin coherent states representations. The distribution function (mapped from the density operator) is expanded in terms of the Hermite polynomials and the spherical harmonics to obtain differential equations for the expansion coefficients with which time evolution of the laser system can be determined completely.


Intra- and intermolecular vibrational energy flow in vibrationally highly excited bridged azulene-(CH2)n-aryl (n = 0,1,3; aryl = benzene or anthracene) compounds is observed using time-resolved pump−probe laser spectroscopy. Light absorption in the azulene S1-band, followed by fast internal conversion, leads to vibrational excitation at the azulene side of the molecules. Subsequent energy flow through the aliphatic chain to the aryl group at the other side of the molecules and vibrational energy transfer into a surrounding liquid solvent bath are measured either by probing the red edge of the azulene S3-absorption band at 300 nm and/or the anthracene S1-absorption band at 400 nm. The data are analyzed by representing the intramolecular energy flux as a diffusion process and using hot absorption spectra of the two chromophores of the compounds for measuring their energy contents. A fit to all of the experimental signals leads to an energy conductivity of a single C−C bond of κCC = (10 ± 1) cm-1 K-1 ps-1 (w...


Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a network paradigm introduced to overcome the inherent challenges of traditional networks. Its architecture is either deployed with a single controller or multiple controllers. While the first is not suitable for large-scale networks, the latter is confronted with a controller placement problem (CPP) in a large-scale network environment. CPP involves the challenge of deploying the optimal number of controllers within a network while meeting certain performance requirements considered conflicting in nature such as reliability, load balancing, latency, energy efficiency, and computation time. A single optimal or random placement may not be feasible in CPP and careful planning is of the essence to find an appropriate trade-off among the metrics. To achieve this, several CPP approaches have been proposed, developed, and deployed over the years, each having its unique objectives, strengths, and weaknesses. Therefore, this paper performed a comprehensive review of some of the existing approaches to identify the unique solutions offered, comprehend the different strategies and the challenges that exist as well as provide researchers with future directions aimed at improving the optimum location and allocation of controllers, in particular, for SDN application in wireless sensor network (WSN). The findings revealed several existing solutions and algorithms as well as several challenges such as the need for an efficient algorithm, attack-aware, cost-aware, and energy-aware CPP schemes while achieving a good quality of service.


The current approach of packing and delivering instructional materials in asynchronous Web-based learning environments has a number of intrinsic drawbacks. To resolve them, it is rational to provide instructional data and activities in the form of services. To conduct service-composed instructional processes in cloud learning environments, a mechanism for accessing and mashing-up various pedagogical Web services is critical. This article aims to clarify the corresponding requirements and design principles, then propose a reference architecture for this mechanism accordingly.


This paper introduces the design of a kind of modularized high-accuracy and intelligent digital control system ,and succeeds in applying to the accurate angle digital control system of laser head. It explains the system structure, function and the key technology.


There is a perceived need from several U.S. federal agencies and departments to develop consistent standards for how passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) for marine mammals is implemented for mitigation and regulatory monitoring purposes. The use of towed array technology is already being required for geophysical exploration activities in the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. However, to date no specific standards have been developed or implemented for towed arrays. Here, a strawman outline for a ANSI standard is presented (http://wp.me/P4j34t-a) to cover requirements and recommendations for the following aspects of towed array operations: initial planning (including guidelines for when PAM is not appropriate), hardware, software, and operator training requirements, real-time mitigation and monitoring procedures, and required steps for performance validation. The outline scope, at present, does not cover operational shutdown decision criteria, sound source verification, or defining the required detectio...


New updated! The latest book from a very famous author finally comes out. Book of resource management for schools a handbook of staff development activities, as an amazing reference becomes what you need to get. What's for is this book? Are you still thinking for what the book is? Well, this is what you probably will get. You should have made proper choices for your better life. Book, as a source that may involve the facts, opinion, literature, religion, and many others are the great friends to join with.


Public policies have been relatively favourable towards forest-based enterprises since the year 2000, but problems persist in implementation. Nepal's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) has by and large had positive effects on the country's forest marketing. However, earlier studies, including on the demand and supply situation done in the last countrywide assessment, indicate that the timber-based option is not feasible under the existing passive mode of forest operations that are mainly focused on patrolling of forest and extraction of dead, dying and diseased trees from forests. A positive scenario under intensive management which can improve the situation has been shown. An analysis of existing knowledge shows that enabling policies, intensive forest management, tenure security, forest certification and reward mechanism for environmental services are the crucial factors for harnessing the economic and marketing opportunities for forest products and services. Key words : forest marketing, forest-based enterprises, certification, environmental services. Full text is available at the ForestAction website Journal of Forest and Livelihood 7(1) December 2008 pp.58-69


The second-order four-point boundary value problem-x″(t)=f(t,x(t),x′(t)),t∈I=;x(0)=ax(ξ),x(1)=bx(η) was studied,where 0ξη1,0≤a,b≤1,and f: ×→ are non-negative continuous functions.Some degree theory arguments were used to get the multiplicity result.


Ocean sediments give information on the paleoclimatic evolution in the geological past which gives detailed information on both the age of the sediments and both paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic conditions during sedimentation. One possible way to date sediments is with 210 Pb method which can be used to date sediments up to 100 years. In this study, two core samples labelled as JB15 and JB17 were collected using pledging corer, analysed and measured for the activity of 209 Po and 210 Po using the alpha spectrometer. Applying the methods, average sedimentation rates for JB15 and JB17 were calculated as 0.38 cmyr -1 and 0.43 cmyr -1 , respectively. Assuming that the sedimentation rate values are accurate, this might imply that the sediments at the depth of 30 cm were deposited 70 years ago.


Objective:402 cases in Urumqi in Xinjiang with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with syndrome differentiation type of research,summarized in the area of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease syndromes of the distribution,pro-vide the basis for the clinical syndrome differentiation. Methods:From January 2009 to January 2010 in the Department of Respiratory Medicine Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Medical Hospital Affiliated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 402 cases recorded in patients with general information,history,predisposing factors,the main clinical manifestation,a clear diagnosis,sub-level and TCM typing and so on. SPSS13. 0 statistical software application for data processing and analysis. Results:( 1) TCM type:the proportion of the syndrome from the more to less descending order as:phlegm obstructing lung type phlegm retention in the lung-type lung and kidney deficiency type yang water generic sputum God awakened type. ( 2) COPD Class II patients with phlegm obstructing lung,III class phlegm retention in the lung,IV-class lung and kidney qi deficiency,yang deficiency more common water generic. ( 3) Sex:Male,female,in four different age distribution,In "40-year-old female more than male patients,while 40 to 60 years old,60 to 80years 80years the proportion of male patients was significantly higher than females. ( 4) Age:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients mainly aged between 60 -80. ( 5) incentive:six disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induced by recurrent major causes. ( 6) TCM syndrome and the relationship between the incidence of respiratory failure:sputum God awakened group,lung and kidney qi deficiency group,Yang and water pan set high incidence of respiratory failure. Conclusion:( 1) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with phlegm most common type of lung resistance. ( 2) Gender:In "40 years old female more than male patients,while 40 to 60 years old,60 to 80years 80years old male patients was significantly higher than the proportion of women. ( 3) Age:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients mainly aged between 60-80. ( 4) Six disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induced by recurrent major cause of the disease. ( 5) Sputum God awakened group,lung and kidney qi deficiency group,yang water generic high incidence of respiratory failure.


The urgent task of each country is to achieve energy independence through the transition from traditional energy sources to alternative ones. Sewage treatment plants can be considered a potential source of additional raw materials. In Ukraine, one of the problems is the disposal of sludge that are more than 30 years old and to which activated sludge has not been added. This sludge has a low content of organic components, which are not suitable for combustion in pure form and fertilizers. Since the old sludge have a small content of organic components, for their better utilization it is proposed to create composite granules, their subsequent drying and combustion, during which the resulting ash will be used for the production of building materials. The aim of the work is to study the combustion of composite granules based on sludge, peat and biomass. The determined specific heat of combustion of composite granules exceeds this index of peat by 1.2 times. The study of the combustion process of composite granules showed that the obtained results can be used in fuel combustion in different ways. The combustion rate of granules is much lower than the combustion rate of the original biomass, but the combustion rate of a separate part of sludge prevails. The combustion rate of granules is much lower than the combustion rate of the original biomass, but the combustion rate of a separate part of sludge prevails. The conducted experiments showed the possibility of decontamination of sludge and its disposal as an alternative fuel.


Abstract The objective of this study was to validate the Chinese version of the Direct Assessment of Functional Abilities (DAFA) in Hong Kong Chinese elders. The original English version of DAFA was translated into Chinese with some modifications so that the Chinese version of the DAFA is more relevant to Hong Kong society. Then the Chinese version of the DAFA was completed by 189 people aged 60 years or older who attend the social centers for the elderly in Hong Kong. Firstly, reliability (internal consistency) of the Chinese version of DAFA was found to be acceptable. Concurrent validity was also established by strong correlations between the Chinese version of DAFA and two global measures of cognitive ability, namely, the Mini-Mental State Examination and Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. Moreover, we have also found significant association between the Chinese version of DAFA and three tests of Primary Mental Abilities (number skill test, spatial relation test and inductive reasoning test). Results suggest that the Chinese version of DAFA is a reliable and valid assessment tool for everyday competence among elderly Chinese people in Hong Kong.


to overcome the obstruction, which was complete after the 14th, and she gradually Eank and died on the 19th. At the pot mortem examination, the sigmoid fiexure of the colon wa found a solid mass of cancerous structure, the intestines above were distended with flatus and fluid frees, but presented no appearance of inflammation. The uterus and other organs were healthy in structure, and the canerous deposit appeared to be confined to the colon and the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the abdomen and chest. CAsE II. Wm. Edwards, aged 58, admitted Feb. 23rd, 1856, under Dr. Malden. Ho is a farm labourer, and has enjoyed good health, with the exception of occasional attacks of pain in the loins, which he looked upon as rheumatic, till two months ago, when he began to suffer from severe pains in the abdomen, especially in the lower part; his stools were scanty and passed with difficulty, often mixed with blood: for this he went under the care of a surgeon, who told him he had inward piles, and gave him some medicine. The abdomen is now enormously distended, very hard and tympanitic, painful, but not tender; the tympany is general, but if there is any difference, the left lateral region is less resonant than the others. le says that the bowels have not been moved since the 16th, and that on the 20th, 21st, and 22nd, he vomited frequently. The urine is abundant, and the circulation is not affected. The compound extract of colocynth with senna was given in full and repeated doses with enemata, which were administered by a long tube; this passed freely six or eight inches up the bowel, when it was stopped by some obstruction which did not yield to moderate pressure. The enemata were repeated several times to the extent of a pint or more, and some of them were very slightly coloured by fmcal matter when returned. Feb. 25th. As the purgative plan had produced no good effect, and the tongue had become dry, brown, aiid furred, with a rapid and feeble pulse, great anxiety of countenance and loss of sleep, with vomiting of the contents of the stomach, calomel gr. i, c. opii gr. ij, 4tis horis were substituted, and brandy with beef-tea administered every two hours, the enemata being continued. Feb. 26th. Vomiting very trifling, as he can take but little food, and there is no nausea except from the presence of food in the stomach; the vomited matters, far from being stercoraceous, have not even becn tinged with bile. He feels easier, and the countenance expresses less distress, but there is no action of the bowels, and the relief is evidently due to the opium. Pulse remains feeble, but is less frequent than yesterday. Feb. 27th. The persevering use of enemata has hitherto been followed only by very slight staining of the fluid when returned, but this morning a small quantity of fecal matter was observed. It was evident, however, that he was fast sinking in spite of the liberal use of brandy, beef-tea, etc., and he died the same day. Post mortem examination, Feb. 28th. Peritoneum healthy; stomach and intestines distended with flatus and fluid feces, but healthy ill structure as far as to the junction of the sigmoid flexure of the colon with the rectum. There was a firm mass of cancerous deposit in the coats of the bowel, which had encroached on the cavity of the intestine, encircling it for about two fingers breadth; the stricture allowed the points of the fingers introduced at opposite ends


Background/Objectives: With the recent emergence of child abuse as a social issue, national responsibility, not a family problem, is being emphasized. Child abuse is taking place in a private space of family. Abuse by biological parents is occurring continuously.Method/Statistical Analysis: This study conducted a survey of 300 children's mother with elementary school students living in area C. Recognition of child abuse by type and awareness of how to deal with child abuse were investigated.Findings: As a result, awareness of the seriousness of the occurrence of child abuse was high. However, parents' experience of finding abused children appeared relatively low. This is a result of parents' inability to clearly distinguish child abuse and a lack of information about it.Improvements/Applications: Therefore, it is necessary to establish clear criteria for child abuse and provide correct knowledge through regular parental education and promotion. In addition, practical measures such as legal sanctions are needed to deal with child abuse cases.


UNLABELLED
INTRODUCTION Malaria is not considered endemic in State of Piauí. METHODS Malaria epidemiology was examined using surveillance data.

RESULTS
During 2002-2013, of the 484 cases of malaria, 217 were classified as probably acquired in Piauí, most frequently in the Campo Largo, Buriti dos Lopes, and Luzilândia municipalities, and 267 were considered probably imported, from the States of Pará, Maranhão, Amazonas, Roraima, and Rondônia. Probably-imported cases occurred throughout the year, while 80.2% of the probably-acquired cases occurred in April-August, peaking at the end of the rainy season. CONCLUSIONS Malaria surveillance should be intensified. Further ecoepidemiological and entomological studies are needed.


Low volume roads play an essential role in the development of rural areas in Spain. They provide access to farms and food industries, and they also provide services traditionally assumed by major roads, e.g., the connection of small towns or their use by emergency services. The construction of most part of the Spanish low volume roads network took place during the second half of the 20th century by using different techniques. The current condition of low volume roads is generally quite poor. However, some differences appear depending on the year of construction and the materials used for the pavement. The authors selected 41 low volume roads throughout Spain to calculate the budget required for their repair in order to analyze the influence of the pavement materials and the period of construction. This paper describes the repair works considered for calculating the budget required by each low volume road.


Purpose of the Study: To find the effect of Tabata protocol on exertion level and lower limb explosive strength in recreational footballers. Materials and Methodology: Subjects fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. After taking consent from, the footballers were assessed for their exertion level and lower limb explosive strength using rate of perceived exertion scale(RPE) and vertical jump height (VJH).The footballers were then asked to perform 8 tabata exercises 4 times per week total duration of session is 4 weeks. Prior to tabata exercise the footballers had to do warm up and post exercise, cool down. The entire protocol was supposed to be performed before their practice. After 4 weeks, post assessment was taken for their exertion level using the RPE scale and lower limb explosive strength using VJH. Statistical analysis was done using the paired t -test. Result: The statistical analysis showed considerable extremely significant improvement in RPE and VJH with p value <0.0001. Conclusion: The above study concluded that On the basis of the result of the study, it was concluded that Tabata Protocol is effective treatment protocol on recreational football players. Lower limb explosive strength and exertion level was improved, both clinically and statistically.


Abstract At various moments in the twentieth century the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in its various incarnations have used the tactic of infrastructural bombing, notably in their 1939 attacks in England on electricity pylons and in the summer of 1971 in Northern Ireland on its electrical distribution network. In 1996 the British Security Service (MI5) foiled an attack by the IRA aimed at causing a total electrical blackout of the greater London area, a plan that would have seen major disruption in the capital for many weeks or months. Using recently declassified material this paper seeks to re-evaluate the impact of these IRA infrastructural sabotage campaigns that have until now either been ignored or judged to have been derisory or incongruous failures. This paper demonstrates the historical development of this tactic from both the IRA's perspective, and that of those who were tasked with hindering it, highlighting the devastating potential of such tactics in the future.


Eugenol is the one of essential oils which has a good antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. Moreover, eugenol usually uses in many applications such as in food industry and cosmetic pharmaceuticals industry. However, eugenol is volatile unstable and is degraded easily by oxidation, heating and light. Alginate and chitosan also use in several applications in drug delivery, film coating or food packaging because of their biocompatibility and nontoxicity. The purpose of this study was to encapsulate eugenol by using alginate and chitosan as polyelectrolyte complex microspheres form by ionic gelation method. The particle size, shape and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), respectively. The SEM images of obtained beads were showed a regular distribution and spherical shape with the size range of 1 mm. From UV-Vis spectra showed the encapsulation efficiency between 45 and 55%. Moreover, investigated the functional group of the alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes in form of beads by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, studied antimicrobial properties of eugenol and their exhibited a significant reduction antimicrobial effect. *firstname.lastname@example.com INTRODUCTION Essential oils (Eos) are aromatic compound and volatile oily liquid which obtain from plants. Essential oils are extracted from plants or spices which are rich of biologically active compounds such as terpenoids and phenolic acid. Eugenol's natural phenolic compounds are primarily extracted from clove plants, it has been widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic or active packaging materials . due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. However, most plants-derived phenolic compound are sensitive to oxygen, light and heat. To overcome the susceptibility and improve the stability of bioactive compounds, the emerging technology of microspheres encapsulation has been recently applied in food industry. Alginate is a natural anionic polysaccharide and can be extracted from marine brown algae. Alginate is a linear binary copolymer that consists of (1 4)-linked -Dmannuronic acid (M) and -L-guluronic acid (G) residues. Additional, alginate is widely used in engineering and biotechnological industries, due to its biocompatibility, low cost


VISIOn In the following, we will use an example to show the potential benefits of combining services and ontologies in mobile environments. Of course, the example below is just a tiny glimpse of what would be possible. There are many other mobile application scenarios where the combination of services and ontologies would be beneficial. These examples range from smart production environments and the seamless integration of mobile workers in business processes to mixed reality multiplayer games, where physical location determines the outlook on the virtual world and the scope of possible actions. While all these scenarios are exciting, they require quite a bit of explanation before one can introduce the aspects relevant for us. Therefore, we stick to the maybe less exciting, but time-tested, well understood, and possibly—at least in the near future—more realistic travel scenario. Anna, a computer scientist, is on her way to a conference to give a talk. Since she likes to travel light, she only brings her smart phone along. When she arrives at her destination airport, a local map is being pushed onto her cell phone by a service that she subscribed to from home. With the help of this map, she finds her way to the bus station where she can access an up-to-date time table. While she waits for her bus to arrive, she notices an advertisement for the local cinema describing this week's shows. That evening, a movie will be shown that Anna had been planning to see for a while. The ad is equipped with NFC tags. She reads the one next to the movie that she is interested in and is connected to the cinemas online reservation system. She makes a reservation which will be billed to her phone bill. She receives a token on her cell phone that will allow her entry to the cinema later on. After a relaxing evening at the theater, the next day, at the conference, she uses an application provided by the conference organizers that lets her know, which other participants have interests similar to her own and alerts her when any of those are in her AbStrAct


Air-stable four-coordinate As(III) complexes, [As(L4)Cl] (1) and [As(L4)I] (2), were prepared using a rearranged form of the deprotonated benzothiazoline ligand, 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole. Complexes 1 and 2 have been characterized by FTIR, (1)H NMR, UV-vis, and elemental microanalysis. The solid-state structure of 2 was also solved. The unusual and rare four-coordinate geometry of 2 elucidates possible binding modes and properties of N,S-ligated As(III) that may be encountered in biology.


Every two years, Memorial University is privileged to welcome a gathering of some of the greatest minds and most creative forces in the world of choral and vocal music to a province that is recognized for its historically deep vocal traditions. The Phenomenon of Singing International Symposium was conceived to provide a forum for the sharing of research, knowledge, experience, and practice related to singing, a pan-human phenomenon. We are constantly amazed by what has become a mainstay event in the world of singing and the voice. The Symposium continues to engage scholars, performers, pedagogues, historians, scientists, linguists, sociologists, and psychologists in exciting dialogue, debate, and artistry. Participants present research and initiate dialogue about all aspects of the human act of singing, exploring new ways of singing and creating a new awareness about singing. The Symposium is truly a unique, interdisciplinary sharing of voices that takes place in a carefully crafted, intimate, and nurturing environment. The Faculty of Education is delighted to partner with Festival 500 in offering this experience to the academic community. We are very proud of this event and the academic work that comes out of it. The Faculty of Education is pleased to support this publication of selected papers from the 2005 Symposium. For those not able to attend the Symposium, it is our hope that this publication wiIl provide a glimpse into the rich conversations and sharing that occurred.


This paper presents a hybrid approach to predict the electric energy usage of weather‐sensitive loads. The presented method utilizes the clustering paradigm along with ANN and SVM approaches for accurate short‐term prediction of electric energy usage, using weather data. Since the methodology being invoked in this research is based on CRISP data mining, data preparation has received a great deal of attention in this research. Once data pre‐processing was done, the underlying pattern of electric energy consumption was extracted by the means of machine learning methods to precisely forecast short‐term energy consumption. The proposed approach (CBA‐ANN‐SVM) was applied to real load data and resulting higher accuracy comparing to the existing models. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 66–76, 2019


Additively manufactured materials usually exhibit mesoscale heterogeneities. Mesoscale fluctuations of strain fields in notched samples made of 17-4PH Stainless steel and loaded in tension are investigated. Regularized digital image correlation enables for the analysis of strain fluctuations at different length scales. Five tests on specimen fabricated with different printing parameters are studied. It is shown that the strain fluctuations have no characteristic length scale and are essentially independent of the probed processing parameters.


Data and analyses related to a variety of algorithms for solving typical large-scale scheduling and resource allocation problems are presented. The capabilities and deficiencies of various alternative problem solving strategies are discussed from the viewpoint of computer system design.


The populational control of wandering animals and the well-being of animals are among the non-resolved public policies in Brazil. The lack (or non-application) of educational and punitive laws in the area are some of the reasons for implementing Federal, State, and Municipal Public Policies dealing with this issue. The aim of this literature review is to reflect on the need for developing public policies focused on the surveillance and control of zoonoses in Brazil. By deductive reasoning, associated with bibliographic revision and documental research, we studied the norms, doctrines, and philosophical currents relevant to the area. We provide a brief summary of public policies in general. Next, we approach the concept of unified health, that considers the interdependency between human health, animal health and environmental health. We analyze the judicialization of public policies so that the State and the collectivity observe their duty to guard animals and protect the fauna. In this way, they may indirectly help to protect the human being. We try to enforce the implementation of public policies centered on the protection of animals, of the environment, and of human beings deriving from the concept of unified health.


Cultivation techniques of grape in protected land of shed were introduced, including variety and soil selection, seedling transplant, field management, etc.


The chapter entitled 'Digestive system' opens with an overview of the anatomy of the abdomen, including the abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity, and the structure and histology of the major structures found therein, namely the intestinal tract (oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, large intestine, rectum), spleen, liver, and pancreas. The functions of the gastrointestinal tract are described, covering motility, secretion (saliva, gastric acid, pancreatic fluid, bile, fluid, and electrolytes) and digestion/absorption of nutrients. Pathologies such as gastric and duodenal ulcers, malabsorption, intestinal obstruction, diarrhoea, and inflammatory diseases of the gut are considered, as are the immune functions of the gut. Similarly, the roles of the liver are covered, including protein synthesis, iron transport and storage, and detoxification, along with the effects of hepatic diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis.


At the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital outside Accra, Pearl Lovelyn Lawson checks the records of the next patient to undergo radiotherapy and adjusts the dose settings of the teletherapy machine. It is business as usual at the facility that treats over fifty patients each day. But Lawson's routine now includes additional procedures to ensure that the highly radioactive cobalt-60 source located inside the machine remains secure. Nuclear security devices and systems such as double locks, motion sensors, and cameras that transmit images to a central alarm system have been installed to ensure that the source cannot be stolen, the facility sabotaged, or unauthorized access gained. At Korle Bu physical protection measures were upgraded as part of Ghana's Integrated Nuclear Security Support Plan (INSSP). Preventing, detecting and responding to criminal acts like the theft or illegal transfer of a radioactive source, is an international priority that could be addressed through an INSSP. As one of its key nuclear security services, the IAEA assists Member States in drafting such plans. An INSSP is developed jointly with the Member State, using a holistic approach to nuclear security capacity building. It reinforces the primary objective of a State's nuclear security regime to protect people, society, and the environment from the harmful consequences of a nuclear security event. Addressing five components - the legal and regulatory framework, prevention, detection, and sustainability - the jointly developed plan identifies the needs, responsible entities and organizations within the State, as well as the timeframe for the implementation of agreed nuclear security related activities. Ghana's INSSP, tailored to its specific needs, is based on findings and recommendations from advisory service missions carried out in Ghana, including an International Nuclear Security Advisory Service mission and an International Physical Protection Advisory Service mission. Ghana's INSSP was recently reviewed to identify additional areas for improvement. Based on IAEA nuclear security guidance, it is designed to identify those actions required to ensure that Ghana's national nuclear security regime is effective and can be implemented over a period of time to ensure sustainability. The main objectives of an INSSP are to identify and consolidate the nuclear security needs of an individual State into an integrated document. But it is more than a document; it is nuclear security in action. Joseph Gdadago, Manager of the National Nuclear Research Institute at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), explains, ''Nuclear security is very important. This reactor uses highly enriched uranium. We put all necessary security measures in place to protect this and prevent any sabotage or theft of any kind.''.


Objective:To study the importance of nursing cooperation in 16-slice spiral CT contrast enhancement scanning,so as to ensure scanning effect and reduce side reaction.Methods:Clinical records of 2 860 cases underwent 16-slice spiral CT contrast enhancement scanning were analyzed retrospectively.Preparation was done well;patients` reactions were closely observed during scanning;and treatment was performed basing on based on patients` condition.Results:Ninety-three per cent(2 660 in 2 860) of cases presented transient sensation of heat all over the body after injection of non-ion contrast agent;120 cases(4.2%) presented sensation of heat all over the body,bitter taste and itching on perineal region;35 cases(1.2%) presented slight allergic reactions such as sensation of heat all over the body,skin itching,nausea,and urticaria;9 cases presented moderate allergic reactions such as sensation of heat all over the body,urticaria,nausea,vomiting,palpitation,and dyspnea;leakage in pricking region was found in 5 cases(0.1%);none presented severe allergic reaction;and no nursing complications such as skin necrosis and air embolism appeared.Conclusion:Good preparation of nursing care could ensure the effect of contrast enhancement scanning,improve accuracy of diagnosis,and reduce or even avoid allergic reactions.


In comparison to drugs, cosmetics are minimally regulated in the United States. However, the statutory definitions of cosmetic and drug are conveniences rather than scientific interpretations and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classification appears to depend on claims made, the "intended use" doctrine. The cosmetic manufacturer may face legal challenge and the daunting responsibility of compliance to drug regulations when claims make cosmetics "new drugs." This article explores the history of the drug-cosmetic debate, describes the legal precedents for improper drug claims for cosmetics, and examines recent regulatory interpretations. Also discussed are the intensified drug-cosmetic debate as evidenced by a steady stream of FDA warning letters to cosmetic manufacturers who have "crossed the line" and the growing interest in litigated Lanham Act cosmetic cases.


Virtually pure lodgepole pine stands form an edaphic climax community over large areas of the infertile "pumice plateau" of south-central Oregon. During our ongoing studies on the dynamics of these forests we developed the scenario that periodic fires create fungal infection courts in damaged roots; in time, advanced decay develops in the butts and stems of these trees. The mountain pine beetle preferentially selects and kills these trees during the flight season. As these outbreaks develop, additional uninfected trees are attacked. In time, the stage is set for subsequent fires as needles drop, snags fall, and logs decay.


Smooth endoplasmic reticulum aggregation (SERa) in oocytes account for a certain proportion in assisted reproduction. Previous studies have shown that SERa has an adverse effect on embryo and pregnancy outcomes, but in recent years, studies show that SERa oocytes can produce completely healthy newborns. SERa was related to various factors, such as genetic factors, ovarian hyperstimulation, different stimulation regimens and high estradiol (E2) level on trigger day and other factors. Most scholars believed that the formation of SERa will lead to decreased oocyte fertilization rate, cleavage rate and blastocyst formation rate and worse quality of embryos, resulting in lower pregnancy rate; however, a number of reports found no difference between embryo originated from SERa oocytes and normal oocytes. Therefore, it's rational to transfer embryos coming from SERa oocytes to those who obtain inadequate embryos. Future study should pay more attention to the effect SERa exerts on the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and the formation mechanism of SERa, so we can prevent this abnormal phenomenon from the root.

Key words:
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum aggregate (SERa); Human oocyte; Embryo development; Pregnancy outcome; Research progress


The influence of birth weight, maternal age, prenatal care and smoking during pregnancy are analysed. Of 12,999 births (live and stillbirths) ocurring in nine maternity hospitals during one year, the greatest perinatal mortality rate (PM) was that of low birth weight babies (665.3 ‰ for those weighing less than 1,500 g). The PM decreases with increasing weight. Young mothers (less than 15 years of age) and women aged 35 or more also had higher Perinatal Mortality rates - 45.5 ‰ for the former and 47.0 ‰ for the latter. Prenatal care is important for the decrease of high risk in pregnancy. Mothers who had made 7 or more consultations during pregnancy had the lowest PM (17.7 ‰ live and stillbirths). Smoking during pregnancy has an influence only when women smoke more than 10 cigarettes a day. Perinatal mortality for babies whose mothers smoked less than 10 cigarettes a day is not different from non-smoking women.


In recent years, researchers have started looking into data transformations in quantum computation. They want to see how quantum computing affects the robustness and performance of machine learning methods. Quantum mechanics succeed in explaining some phenomena where classical formulas failed in the past. Thus, it expanded in analytical research fields such as Quantum Machine Learning (QML) over the years. The developing QML discipline has proven solutions to issues that are equivalent (or comparable) to those addressed by classical machine learning, including classification and prediction problems using quantum classifiers. As a result of these factors, quantum classifier analysis has become one of the most important topics in QML. This paper studies four quantum classifiers: Support Vector Classification with Quantum Kernel (SVCQK), Quantum Support Vector Classifier (QSVC), Variational Quantum Classifier (VQC), and Circuit Quantum Neural Network Classifier (CQNNC). We also report case study outcomes and results analysis utilizing linearly and non-linearly separable datasets generated. Our research is to explore if quantum information may aid learning or convergence.


A Chrysanthemum plant named White Cinderella particularly characterized by its flat capitulum form; decorative capitulum type; white ray floret color; diameter across face of capitulum of 64 to 73 mm when fully opened, when grown as a single stem spray cut mum; flowering response in Salinas under normal temperatures is 46 to 53 days after start of short days; flowering response in Bogota, Colombia is 58 to 63 days; plant height is 86 to 94 cm when grown in Salinas with 14 to 18 long days prior to start of short days; height is 104 to 112 cm when grown in Bogota with 21 long days prior to start of short days; peduncle length of the first lateral at flowering after removing the apical bud without growth regulator applications is 8 to 13 cm when grown in Salinas, and 13 to 15 cm when grown in Bogota; peduncle length of the fourth lateral at flowering is 10 to 15 cm when grown in Salinas, and 18 to 20 cm when grown in Bogota; high production of flowers per stem, with 10 to 14 laterals developing; top laterals produce one terminal flower, lower laterals produce one terminal flower and 2 to 4 secondary flowers; and excellent tolerance to low night temperatures for bud initiation and flower development.


Hereditary amyloidosis is a group of autosomal dominant diseases characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid in various target organs, and classified biochemically by the implicated precursor protein, the most common being transthyretin. Transthyretin amyloidosis has over 100 genetic variants, but peripheral neuropathy (familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy) is the most common clinical manifestation. A much less common form manifests with CNS signs and symptoms and visual disturbances, aka occuloleptomeningeal amyloidosis. These patients often develop seizures, dementia, stroke-like episodes, and ataxia, and require vitrectomy for vitreous amyloid opacities. Several kindreds with these clinical and pathologic features have been described, one of which is characterized by a Val30Gly TTR mutation, the result of a point missense mutation in the transthyretin gene.
We describe the clinicopathologic features of one patient whose father had Val30Gly transthyretin amyloidosis.
The patient was well until age 56 years when she presented with severe headaches and later with focal sensory deficits, concerning for stroke. Because of her family history, she refused TPA (tissue plasminogen activator) therapy. Several years later she developed decreased visual acuity and required bilateral vitrectomies. The diagnosis of amyloidosis was confirmed on vitrectomy specimen. In the subsequent years, she experienced intermittent episodes of loss of consciousness and problems with speech. She ultimately succumbed to metastatic colon cancer. Autopsy examination showed thickened, slightly pink, irregular leptomeninges over the base of the brain and surrounding the spinal cord. Microscopically, amyloid was deposited in the leptomeningeal vessel walls, subarachnoid space and choroid plexus. No infarcts, plaques or tangles were identified. General autopsy did not reveal amyloid elsewhere in the body.
Occuloleptomeningeal amyloidosis is exceedingly rare, but awareness of this entity is very important given the clinical overlap with other more common entities and because of the genetic implications of the diagnosis.


Hepatoblastoma is a hepatic tumor predominantly occurring in children. The usual site of metastasis is the lung. There are only several reports worldwide on the distant metastasis of hepatoblastoma to the central nervous system in children. Only one reported case showed survival of a patient after multiple resections of a recurrent brain lesion. Involvement of the cardiovascular system has been reported in the medical literature. Lesions almost always involve the right-side of the heart. We report a case of recurrent hepatoblastoma at multiple sites, including brain, left atrium of the heart and lung in a 6-year-old girl who was partially treated in the past at the age of 1.5 years; the patient had been event-free for four and a half years.


We introduce a simple model of the low-energy electronic states in the vicinity of a vortex undergoing quantum zero-point motion in a $d$-wave superconductor. The vortex is treated as a point flux tube, carrying $\ensuremath{\pi}$ flux of an auxiliary U(1) gauge field, which executes simple harmonic motion in a pinning potential. The nodal Bogoliubov quasiparticles are represented by Dirac fermions with unit U(1) gauge charge. The energy dependence of the local density of electronic states (LDOS) at the vortex center has no zero bias peak; instead, small satellite features appear, driven by transitions between different vortex eigenmodes. These results are qualitatively consistent with scanning tunneling microscopy measurements of the subgap LDOS in cuprate superconductors. Furthermore, as argued in L. Balents et al., Phys. Rev. B 71, 144508 (2005), the zero-point vortex motion also leads naturally to the observed periodic modulations in the spatial dependence of the subgap LDOS.


The valuable and suggestive little treatise whose title I have partially borrowed as the heading of this paper, contains, in my judgment, together with very much that is useful, suggestions of lines of treatment which are open to serious objection, and which, in other hands than the author's, are capable of producing injury rather than benefit. The essential feature in his management of the class of nervous and hysterical valetudinarians which he considers in the work referred to, is the systematic employment ofMassageand theMovement Cure. The enforced rest, the characteristic which impresses itself upon the popular mind, and which has given the name to his system is, apart from its influence on themoraleas a means of subduing the perverse will of a spoiled child, simply an accident of the massage and the acto-passive exercise, necessary to a certain extent in order to reap the full


The selected bridge is a balanced cantilever concrete bridge having three spans of 37, 68 and 37 meter and is constructed using form traveller method as shown in Figure 1-a. Construction begins at each bridge pier. The deck section height varies from 4.03 m at the pier location to 2.03 m at the middle of main span in parabolic form, Figure 1-b. The deck is implemented continuously with the middle piers and seats on elastomeric bearings at each end. The height of the middle pier is 18 m. The pier section is considered wall type pier with 1.5 m thickness. The pier section width varies from the 6.5 m at the deck level to 8 m at the base linearly.


This paper shows an initial approach of a system architecture for a wireless sensor network (WSN), addressing the maritime domain. Novel architectures, technologies and prototypes for WSNs have been in focus of researchers and economists for several years. The proposed system architecture is focused on maritime automation - the construction and maintenance of offshore wind farms with their specific requirements. Harsh environmental conditions impede the performance of wireless technologies in onshore and offshore applications, caused for instance by many metal components, wayless terrain, often non-line-of sight (NLOS) connections between mobile motes, and dynamic ground motion for example onto a jack up ship for offshore construction work. Furthermore, many approaches for WSN are addressing either communication or localization networks. The proposed system architecture covers both at the same time, based on Ultra Wide Band radio technology (UWB). UWB allows robust distance measurements and communication, in particular in harsh environments.


Abstract : The Tactual Performance Tests (TPT) is a novel, haptic, complex psychomotor tests that yields qualitative and quantitative data. The TPT provides the following three of seven indices used for the Halstead-Reitan Impairment Index: total time for three trials; memory for block shape; and memory for block design. Studies have shown that the TPT latency and location measures to be sensitive to a brain dysfunction resulting from a variety of causes. However, there is a lack of parametric data regarding block placement and qualitative information on problem solving approaches to the test. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to: (1) examine the sequence of block placement; (2) determine the relative frequency of recall of each block; and (3) obtain observations of problem solving behaviors of non-brain damaged and brain damaged subjects.


When nonlinear loads are put into operation at random phase angle in power system, the superposition of harmonics should be considered. Based on the characteristics of multi-harmonic source, this paper raised the central limit theorem to compute the superposition of harmonics currents of multi-harmonics sources. At the same time, the characteristic of probability statistic on the same order harmonics will be provided. It is proved that this method provided in the paper is feasible comparable to the Monte-Carlo simulation


The main points of DENG Xiao-ping's socialist democratic and political construction theory include establishing the guidance of democratic goal, emphasizing the construction of democratic system,clarifying basic democratic right, pointing out that the basic principle to develop democracy is to adhere the Party's leadership,and the basic way to develop democracy is to put it into a legal and institutional framework. The basic features of the theory are the unity of integrate thinking and dialectical thinking, the unity of value rationality and method rationality.


: Women constitute an important component of the labor force in Pakistan. The current research was carried out with the premise to examine the perceptions of working women about the public attitude towards their work in urban Pakistan. Through quantitative research design a sample of 80 respondents were selected who were affiliated with schools, hospitals, telephone exchange and local non-governmental organizations in Rawalpindi city in Pakistan. The data was collected by using researcher administrated close and open ended questionnaire. The findings illustrate that with the increase in the number of working women in the workforce public attitude towards women's work is changing in Pakistan. Women reported respect and cooperation from family and colleagues. Yet, despite this change challenges for women were also evident in the form of gender based discrimination and harassment at workplace. These concerns require attention at policy level to facilitate women's participation in the workforce. bread and


Purpose To compare the efficacy and safety of butorphanol versus morphine for patients controlled analgesia (PCA) in patients after thoracotomy. Methods A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical study recruited 40 patients undergoing elective thoracotomy, who were randomly i v administered with either morphine (0.5mg/mL,n=20) or butorphanol (0.1mg/mL,n=20) after surgery. The efficacy of pain relief was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results No statistical difference in the analgesic effect was found between the two groups. Patients of butorphanol group had fewer incidence of adverse events than those of morphine group. Conclusions Butorphanol offers an alternative to morphine for patient-controlled analgesia in patients after thoracotomy.


The essay of ZHANG Ailing presents the real look of her life,her special personality and her recognition to lives.Meanwhile,her simple language with imposing spirit reaches the supreme state of natural and smooth writing for modern colloquialism essay.


Measurements of internal friction and Young's modulus between −210° and 700°C have been carried out at frequencies 130–185 kHz on U4O9 single crystals. Two pronounced internal friction peaks were observed, one at 60° and the other at −175°C. The peak at the higher temperature seems to be due to a phase transition of U4O9. The factors affecting the peak suggest that it is not caused by a relaxation process. It is suggested that some cooperative movements of interstitial oxygen ions in some lattice planes cause such a transition. The peak at the lower temperature is due to a relaxation effect. A rough calculation of the activation energy gave 0.034 eV. In addition, the results of the electrical conductivity measurements at low temperatures (25°–−160°C) gave the activation energy of 0.057 eV, in an approximate agreement with the one derived from the internal friction measurements. This indicates that the relaxation process involves activated charge transfer between U5+ and U4+ ions (hopping motion of electro...


The present invention corresponding to the energy value corresponding to the estimate of providing a digital audio signal having a signal bandwidth corresponding to 101, and then, at least the signal bandwidth other energy (out-of-signal bandwidth energy) to the digital audio signal, It provides 102. Then the present invention is determined as corresponding to the corresponding the digital audio signal to an energy suitable for the spectral envelope shape of the spectral envelope shape and the signal bandwidth other content (out-of-signal bandwidth content) by using the energy value 103. Then, in one approach, if desired, the present invention (e.g., on a frame-by-frame basis) to provide a bandwidth extended version of the digital audio signal by combining the digital audio signal and the signal bandwidth other content audible enemy by rendering as to improve the corresponding audio quality of the digital audio signal it is rendered as described above (104).


During the past few years important changes effected in power station and system design have reduced operating expenses materially. At present, however, station designers are giving more attention to the reducing of investment costs. This reduction of plant investment quite naturally affects the plant auxiliaries as well as other station equipment. Many large stations built recently have practically all of the essential as well as the non-essential auxiliaries driven by electricity; but in other recent stations steam driven auxiliaries have been used quite extensively. In the light of present conditions and past operating experience, therefore, the A.I.E.E. power generation committee felt that a review of the characteristics and merits of both steam and electric drives would be in order. Accordingly, this committee has sponsored three papers to be presented at the Institute's forthcoming winter convention, and upon these papers the following three articles are based.


Abstract : The report of an ASMP Working Group reviews orientation/ disorientation training of military and civilian aircrew in NATO countries. Deficiencies in current programs are discussed and 24 recommendations made for improvement of ground and in-flight training. Sections of the report review ground based training techniques, the use of familiarization devices, more complex trainers, and aspects of in-flight training. Descriptions of the conduct of ground and in-flight demonstrations, a specimen lecture syllabus, and a specification for a familiarization device, are given. Topics requiring further research or development are identified.


Although direct and inverse energy cascades in wave spectra have been the subject of numerous efforts in recent years, few actual computations have been presented. In this study, we give explicit estimates for the energy fluxes associated with direct and inverse cascades. A critical frequency fc is determined at which there is no net flux. That is, the direct energy cascade, consisting of energy fluxes cascading from low to high frequencies, is balanced by the corresponding inverse cascade, consisting of energy fluxes from high to low frequencies. We show numerically that the existence of fc is related to self-similarity.


Streptomyces naraensis was inoculated into 100 ml of culture broth, containing 50 µCi of 65Zn, diluted with ZnCl2 solution to make 10-4 m Zn2+ ion, at 27°C for 5 days with shaking. 65Zn-labeled neutral proteinase from Streptomyces naraensis was prepared by the method described previously. The preparation was homogeneous by disc electrophoresis and contained 1 g-atom of zinc per mole of enzyme in calculation by radioactivity.It was suggested that the protein-bound zinc of neutral proteinase was not essential for enzymatic activity. Thus, this zinc was an essential component for the higher order structure of the protein, and the removal of zinc treated with EDTA* inactivated the enzyme. The enzymatic activity was maintained in the presence of calcium ion.


Recording of Daniel Arfib's L'approche de la lumiere ("The Approach of the Light"). The piece functions as much as a sound experiment on the resonance of the vibrations as of sound as a concert piece. For the entire listening experience, pay particular attention to the quality of the silence before and after the performance.


Chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) is a rare, skeletal dysplasia characterized by stippled, punctuate calcifications around joints and within cartilages. A 4 months old female infant presented to us for aspiration cytology with clinical suspicion of sarcoma due to complaint of ankle swelling and failure to thrive. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears were acellular with only calcific deposits. On clinical co-relation depressed nose and frontal bossing were noted. We suspected it to be a case of congenital skeletal dysplasia. Plain X-ray of the lesion was ordered and it revealed stippled calcification in place of ankle bones consistent with chondrodysplasia punctata. The present case is an index case describing the cytology of chondrodysplasia punctata. CDP is mainly a radiologically diagnosed lesion, however the knowledge of its cytological picture through this case will make pathologists alike aware if they encounter such case. The management is basically supportive and rehabilitative.


Introduction: A cross sectional study was conducted to observe morphological and developmental changes occurring in thymus gland at various gestational age among human fetuses. The morphometric measurements of thymus is useful in calculating size as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and cellular immune deficiency of
infant is associated with a significant decrease in fetal thymic size.
Materials & Methods: This study was carried on medically aborted and stillborn fetuses (n=31; F=21, M=10), which were obtained from Dr. Sushila Tiwari Memorial Hospital, Haldwani, (Uttarakhand,) with due consent of parents. Fetuses were preserved in 10% formalin. Thymic gland was dissected out to observe its weight, length
and thickness.
Results: Thymus glands were located in superior mediastinum. On gross examination, they were of greyish pink to greyish brown in colour. Most of the glands were bilobed and few were irregular in shape. There was progressive increase in all morphometric dimensions of thymus in relation to gestational age. Growth of right lobe
of thymus was comparatively more than of left lobe.
Conclusion: Thymic morphometric parameters in relation to gestational age can be used as reference values in imaging studies in the prenatal and in initial perinatal stages, so we could compare the normal morphology with that of in IUGR and immune deficiency.


Purpose – Budget allocation on individual marketing efforts is a complex issue for managers. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the elasticities of individual marketing efforts to allocate budget by taking into consideration two brands in India.Design/methodology/approach – Historical data on physical sales and various marketing efforts (advertising, sales force, promotion, distribution and price) have been collected for two brands. Double‐log regression model has been fitted on data to estimate the elasticity of sales to each effort. Subsequently, the estimated elasticities have been used to allocate budget on the individual marketing efforts in question.Findings – Various interesting results have been observed, such as the sales force claimed the highest amount of budget for both the brands. Further, managers of both the brands are under‐spending on all the efforts except for advertising in the case of second brand.Practical implications – The findings will provide insight into allocation of budge...


Problem statement: There have been much reported on decisions from experience, also referred to as decisions in a complete ignorance fashion. Approach: This note lays out a Bayesian decision-theoretical framework that provides a computable account for decisions from experience. Results: To make the framework more tractable, this note sets up and examines decisions in an incomplete ignorance fashion. The current discussion asserts that well-known behavioural effects, such as the hot stove effect and the Bayesian framework may lead to different predictions. Conclusion/Recommendations: The framework is applied to the continuity form to predict a possibility from their experience. We conclude that the reasonable prediction is sometimes leads them to the unreasonable conditions.


Dominating electron-electron scattering enables viscous electron flow exhibiting hydrodynamic current density patterns such as Poiseuille profiles or vortices. The viscous regime has recently been observed in graphene by non-local transport experiments and mapping of Poiseuille profiles up to room temperature. Here, we probe the currentinduced surface potential maps of graphene field effect transistors using scanning probe microscopy at room temperature. We discover the appearance of μm large areas close to charge neutrality, where the current induced electric field opposes the externally applied field. By estimating the scattering lengths from the gate dependence of local 1 ar X iv :2 10 3. 11 46 6v 1 [ co nd -m at .m es -h al l] 2 1 M ar 2 02 1 electric fields, we find that these areas exhibit a dominating electron-electron scattering as expected for viscous flow. We map the respective meandering electric fields and carefully rule out artifacts such as by source-drain voltage induced local doping. Our results imply that viscous electron flow is omnipresent in graphene devices, even at


INTRODUCTION Mouse structural and functional imaging is confronted with high demands on spatial resolution and correspondingly high sensitivity. Recently, the advantages of cryogenic RF coils, linear [1] as well as quadrature coils [2] operating in transmit/receive mode, providing SNR gains of a factor 2 to 3 have been reported. This gain in sensitivity can be invested for improving spatial resolution or reducing scan time. Progress in coil technology and electronics has now made it possible to realize a receive-only array coil operating under cryogenic conditions. Here, we show the first mouse brain images obtained with this setup. We have evaluated the coil performance using standard T2 and T2* weighted MRI pulse sequences. Moreover, we have demonstrated the potential of the cryogenic phased array coil for accelerating data acquisition using GRAPPA [3]. METHODS The four-element receive-only cryogenic phased array surface coil (2x2 geometry, overall coil size 20x27mm) operating at 30K (Bruker BioSpin AG, Fällanden, Switzerland) was used in combination with a linearly polarized 72mm ID room temperature volume resonator for transmission. All experiments were performed on a 9.4T animal MR system (BioSpec 94/30, Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany). Coil sensitivity profiles were acquired on phantom measurements (T9660, Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany) using a FLASH sequence. For in vivo measurements mice were anesthetized using 1.5% isoflurane in an oxygen/air (20% / 80%) mixture, intubated and artificially ventilated. The experiments were carried out in strict adherence with the Swiss law for animal protection. The following MRI sequences were performed: 2D TURBO-RARE coronal (FOV: 1.96*2.54cm; matrix: 512*512; res.: 38*50μm; slice: 300μm, TE: 46.3ms; TR: 3500ms; in 60min); 2D FLASH coronal (FOV: 1.6*1.6cm; matrix: 384*384; res.: 42*42μm; slice: 150μm; TE: 5.5ms; TR: 400ms; in 25min); 2D TURBO-RARE sagittal (FOV: 2*2cm; matrix: 384*384; res.: 52*52μm; slice: 500μm, TE: 38ms; TR: 1900ms; in 6 min); 2D FLASH axial (FOV: 1.7*1.7cm; matrix: 384*384; res.: 44*44μm; slice: 300μm; TE: 5.5ms; TR: 400ms; in 25 min). The usability for parallel imaging was tested using a coronal 3D FLASH sequence with and without GRAPPA (FOV: 1.7*1.3*0.3cm; matrix: 285*216*50; res.: 603μm; TE: 9ms; TR: 250ms; in 45 min and 29min, respectively (acceleration factor: 2; reference lines: 64). RESULTS The coil signal profiles of the four individual coil elements in a coronal plane of a phantom (FLASH) together with the root-sum-of-squares (RSOS) reconstruction are shown in Fig. 1. The dark side lobes of the coil element profiles are inherent to RF coils parallel to the B0 field and appear not to be disturbed by the presence or potential coupling of the other coil elements. The homogeneous excitation combined with the superior sensitivity provided by the phased array coil allows visualizing structures of the whole brain with a good SNR. In particular, deeply located regions (e.g. brain stem) can be imaged with high resolution and SNR (Fig. 2). Fine structures such as the choroid plexus in the ventricles, white matter tracts within the caudate putamen, the Ammon's horn of the hippocampus, or spinal tracts entering brain stem structures can be readily identified (Fig. 2a,b). This is also illustrated by the sagittal (Fig. 2c) and axial views (Fig. 2d). Furthermore, the multiple receiver acquisition allows applying acceleration of data acquisition using parallel imaging strategies such as GRAPPA or SENSE, e.g. in the acquisition of 3D highresolution images. Fig. 3 shows the comparison of two coronal cross-sections through the mouse brain from a high resolution (60μm) 3D FLASH dataset recorded without acceleration (a) and with an acceleration factor of 2 and GRAPPA reconstruction (b). DISCUSSION We have demonstrated the performance of a new cryogenic phased-array receiver probe operating in cross coil mode and show the first in vivo images of the mouse brain acquired with this setup. The basic tests using a phantom revealed the functionality of the 2x2 array system at low temperature with excellent decoupling of the individual coil elements. Due to the high sensitivity and uniform excitation, the coil setup serves the application of high-resolution structural whole brain imaging, in particular enabling mapping deep lying brain structures including the brain stem with high SNR. The phased-array design allows for accelerated image acquisition using parallel imaging strategies. The cryogenic setup is also attractive for functional MRI and spectroscopic imaging, which critically depend on high SNR values. REFERENCES [1] Haueisen R, Marek D, Sacher M, Junge S 23 Annual Scientific Meeting of the ESMRMB, Abstract: 110, (2006). [2] Baltes Ch, Radzwill N, Bosshard S, Marek D, Rudin M NMR Biomed. 22(8): 834-842 (2009). [3] Griswold MA, Jakob PM, Heidemann RM, Nittka M, Jellus V, Wang J, Haase A, Magn. Reson. Med., 47(6): 1202-10 (2002) Fig. 1 Phantom data, GE. (a) Signals of the four individual coil elements. (b) RSOS reconstruction (all images processed with high contrast to show the delicate low-level signals)


The present invention, luminance is high, to provide a blue phosphor is less luminance degradation during light emission device driven. The present invention has the general formula aBaO · bSrO · (1-a -b) EuO · cMgO · dAlO 3/2 · eWO 3 (0.70 ≦ a ≦ 0.95,0 ≦ b ≦ 0.15,0.95 ≦ c ≦ 1.15,9.00 ≦ d ≦ 11.00,0.001 ≦ e ≦ 0.100, provided that is represented by a + b ≦ 0.97), In X-ray diffraction pattern measured by X-ray wavelength 0.774A, a blue phosphor peak top there are two peaks in the range of 13.0 to 13.6 ° at the diffraction angle 2 [Theta].


A S A PERSPECTIVE on civilizations and cultures, the notion of decadence cannot stand alone. Its meaning is oppositional: some standard must be posited in relation to which a falling away, decay, or deterioration can be defined. This positive norm often is not explicitly recognized, since it consists in a society's unquestioned assumptions about what is natural, good, right, progressive, and so forth. Decadence provides evidence of an arrest and regression on what is assumed to be a path of progressive cultural development. Hence the frequent association o f decadence with illness, as if a civilization were an organism and it were infected by a debilitating virus. In his little book on the history o f the idea o f decadence, Richard Gil man indicts the word for its insubstantial vagueness, blaming what he calls the arbitrary and wishful qualities o f the progressive norm for the indeterminacy o f its negative complement. If there is no demonstrable truth content to the idea o f progress, argues Gilman, "then to be linked to it as its dark complement, its oppositional mode, as 'decadence' is, means that the latter ought to be immediately suspect." 1 Suspect, that is, in terms o f "the stable realities o f the external world" (D, 14)—Gilman does acknowledge that the notion o f decadence could be thought o f as having an essentially metaphorical function that creatively suspends those realities. As two sides o f an illusion, the progress-decadence dyad could conceivably open " a space in which to exist otherwise" (D, 161). The problem, as Gilman sees it, is that the metaphors o f progress and decadence assert too strong and insistent a claim to historical and epistemological applicability for them to remain in the Active dimension. Castigating this claim as " injurious to the integrity and wholeness of communal experience" (D, 163), Gilman seems to be attacking the use of the word " decadent" as itself an unhealthy symptom of social decay. Rather than poetically adding to our knowledge o f the world, this word, Gilman complains, replaces knowledge with illusion. Thus Gilman repeats in his own argument the same dualistic structure that he finds invalid as applied to decadence, only he posits " knowl edge" and " actualities" rather than " progress" as the positive pole against which to judge the deficiency of " decadence." His moral ear-


Subjects were given classic category formation tasks with feedback. We used two types of categories—statistically dense and statistically sparse. We conducted four experiments to assess the influence of sign type (experiment 1) and the interference of redundant actions performed with the sign (experiment 2) on the performance of learning different types of categories. We found that in the case of dense category formation, the visual distinction of the sign from other object features is more important. In the case of sparse category formation, easy verbalization is more important. Additionally we showed that verbal interference, directed at the actions with the sign, improves sparse category formation, but worsens dense category formation. The results of our experiments are discussed in accordance with the Competition Between Verbal and Implicit Systems (COVIS) model of multiple systems of categorization.