Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was used to study the interaction of a monoclonal anti‐phosphoserine antibody with its antigen. A model system that allows the determination of the real binding constant in a solution based on the change in peak areas at different concentrations of phosphoserine has been used for studying slow monoclonal antibody‐antigen interaction kinetics involving low‐molecular‐weight antigens. CZE was applied in preincubation experiments. The slow interaction kinetics led to band broadening and resulted in far lower efficiency of the separation of complexed antibody from unbound antibody. However, when the run‐to‐run reproducibility of free phosphoserine was examined, it was found that it can be recovered quantitatively under electrophoresis conditions. On the basis of measurement of peak areas at different phosphoserine concentrations, the association constant was estimated (Ka = 5.21 × 105 M−1) and shown to be in close agreement with that obtained by equilibrium dialysis (Ka = 4.65 × 105 M−1). As long as the antigen participating in the interaction can be detected and recovered quantiatively in the CZE system, the method is generally useful for the study of monoclonal antibody‐antigen interaction where the kinetics is slow and where the charge/mass ratio of the unbound antigen differs from that of the complexed molecule.


This theoretical investigation focusses on blood flow through a multiple stenosed human artery under porous effects. A mathematical model is developed for estimating the effect of porous parameter on blood flow taking Harschel-Bulkley fluid model (to account for the presence of erythrocytes
 in plasma) and artery as circular tube with an axially non-symmetric but radially symmetric mild stenosis. The mathematical expression for the geometry of the artery with stenoses is given by the polynomial function model. The velocity slip condition is also given due weightage in the investigation.
 It is necessary to study the blood flow through such type of stenosis to improve the arterial system. An extensive quantitative analysis is carried out by performing large scale numerical computations of the measurable flow variables having more physiological significance. The variations of
 velocity profile, volumetric flow rate and pressure gradient with porous parameter are calculated numerically by developing computer codes. Their graphical representations with appropriate scientific discussions are presented at the end of the paper.


Antibiotic misuse for acute respiratory conditions is widespread, including in the acute care setting. Qualitative research suggests that much of this misuse can be attributed to diagnostic uncertainty (1). In the context of suspected pneumonia, uncertainty often stems from concerns about atypical presentations (for example, older adults), unreliable performance of chest radiographs, and the possibility of overlapping diagnoses. Uncertainty about the presence of a bacterial infection may influence providers to initiate empirical antibiotics "just in case" to avoid potential adverse outcomes related to delayed treatment. The importance of this problem is further underscored by the fact that viral infections are more common than bacterial infections among inpatients who meet the clinical criteria for pneumonia (2). Clearly, better tools and strategies are needed to address stewardship in this population. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a serum biomarker that increases in response to bacterial infections and is inhibited by virusassociated cytokines. This unique property has generated tremendous interest in PCT as a solution to antibiotic prescribing dilemmas in patients with suspected acute respiratory tract infections. In 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved an expanded indication for PCT "to help health care providers determine if antibiotic treatment should be started or stopped in patients with lower respiratory tract infections." This approval was informed by a Cochrane meta-analysis, which demonstrated that a PCTguided approach reduced antibiotic initiation and duration without adversely affecting safety across various settings and acute respiratory diagnoses (3). Despite the new indication and supporting evidence, the optimal use of PCT in patients with suspected or confirmed pneumonia remains an area of significant controversy. The results of recent U.S.-based trials have beenmixed, raising concerns about the real-world effectiveness of PCT. In addition, the 2019 joint guideline on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) from the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends against the use of PCT testing to guide initiation of empirical antibiotic therapy for radiologically confirmed pneumonia (strong recommendation, moderate evidence) (4). This recommendation is supportedby a study of 1735 patients admitted with CAP who had comprehensive pathogen identification procedures, including PCT testing, as part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention EPIC (Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community) study. In this cohort, viral and bacterial pathogens were identified in 24% and 14% of cases, respectively.AlthoughPCTconcentrationswere significantly higher in the bacterial infection group, the negative predictive value of a PCT value less than 0.1 ng/mL was 82.4% (95%CI, 71.2% to 86.9%). In other words, approximately 1 in 5 patients with microbiologically confirmed bacterial CAP had a negative PCT test result (2). Although the prospect of failing to initiate antibiotics in nearly 20% of patients with bacterial CAP is unacceptable, several features of the analysis warrant further consideration. First, despite extremely comprehensive efforts, a pathogen was not identified in nearly 2 out of 3 cases. The cited negativepredictive value applies only to patientswithmicrobiologically confirmed bacterial CAP and may not be generalizable to the broader population of patients hospitalized for pneumonia. For instance, when cases with unknown causes were included, the negative predictive value of PCT increased to 93.9% (CI, 91.9% to 95.5%). Second, this analysis included only a single PCT measurement, whereas other protocols have used repeated testing as ameans to reduce false-negative results related to the time required for upregulation of PCT in response to a bacterial challenge. Finally, 22% of this cohort were patients admitted to intensive care (2). There is no rationale for withholding antibiotics in critically ill patients with suspected pneumonia, and these patients were excluded fromnearly all previous PCT trials. In light of these considerations, how should hospitalists incorporate PCT as an antibiotic stewardship tool? First, it is critical to recognize that PCT should not be viewed as a standalone test. Instead, PCT should be applied as a tool to complement traditional clinical and diagnostic assessment using Bayesian principles. This is especially important given the known diagnostic performance limitations of clinical signs and symptoms and chest radiographs. We recommend a selective, rather than universal, application of PCT for patients admitted with suspected CAP. For stable patients with low pretest probability of bacterial pneumonia (for example, ambiguous chest radiograph or a likely alternative diagnosis) and a favorable comorbidity profile, a negative PCT test result can be used as an objective metric to guide the withholding of antibiotic therapy. A followup test within 12 hours may be useful in this scenario to ensure that there is no delayed increase in the PCT value. In contrast, we do not believe that PCT should be used to guide decisions on antibiotic initiation when pretest probability for bacterial CAP is moderate or greater, in high-risk patient populations (for example, immunocompromised), or in those with severe disease (for example, pneumonia severity index ≥IV or sepsis criteria). In addition to its role at the time of admission, serial PCT testing has been shown to safely reduce the duration of antibiotic therapy in patients with CAP (3). The most common approach is to discontinue antibiotic treatment when PCT decreases by 80% or more from its peak. The magnitude of antibiotic exposure duration reduction identified in the Cochrane meta-analysis was 2.43 days (5.7 vs. 8.1 days [CI, 2.71 to 2.15 days]; P < 0.001) (3). However, the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America guideline on CAP recommends only 5 days of antibiotic therapy for patients with adequate clinical response (for example, 48 hours afebrile, no oxygen requirement, and stable vitals) (4). Because most patients with CAP will respond and be discharged before hospital day 5, routine use of PCT to guide


Objective To investigate the clinical application value of CT imaging diagnosis.Methods In our hospital,from January 2005 to December 2010,through the 156 patients with liver disease's treatment process,analyze and research.Results The patients with early liver cancer was successful after surgery and the patient was discharged a month later.Now adhere to radiotherapy,chemotherapy and adjuvant therapy,the patient's condition can maintaining the fundamental quality of life,and removed from the illness.Conclusion CT scan the image,has very important application value in the clinician's diagnosis,diagnosed.In the process of the patient's diagnosis,clinicians correctly select the CT examination,can effectively reduce the misdiagnosis rate.


Developing human resources has become an issue of concern among librarians worldwide, current developments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), gender issues and women empowerment, HIV/AIDS and environmental degradation have indicated that Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals will, in the immediate future, need to re-position themselves to meet up with the challenges of the ever-growing information society. Secondly, the inter-dependent nature of the disciplines have necessitated that librarians in the twenty first century must possess specialised skills in order to maximise opportunities in the knowledge economy. More than ever before, the Library and Information Science (LIS) sector has been challenged by the dearth of information professionals in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), cataloguing and classification, information literacy, knowledge management, intellectual property and other areas of democracy and governance. In Africa, some of the issues that have dominated the LIS landscape include the need to develop the needed competencies among LIS professionals in each of these areas through training of future librarians at higher education level and continuing education and staff development of current professionals to meet up with the challenges of the emerging global order. This paper highlights the urgency for a coherent plan of action to align the roles and responsibilities of LIS professionals in Africa in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.


The fertilizer sowing mechanism is one of important seed planter working parts.Whether the design of the fertilizer sowing mechanism is good or not,it not only influences the effect of the fertilization,but also it is important to improve utilization rate of the fertilizer and reduces the production costs.According to the agricultural theory in this paper,a kind of novel fertilizer sowing mechanism with the stratification and heft had been designed,and it acquired good effect in productive practice.


This study investigates the usability of a Calabrian (Italy) tourist Visitor Information Centre (VIC) website to evaluate whether its organization satisfies tourist needs. The website measurements were based on the time spent by the subject in finding specific information and on subjective usability evaluation. The results of this research show that the Calabrian tourist VIC website does not satisfy the usability criteria and manifests some usability problems. We have summarized these problems in two categories: user interaction with information and the management of information contents. The results of these measurements enable us to develop some guidelines to improve user interaction.


We share the case of a 50–year old man, with no cardiovascular risk factor, presented in ER with ongoing angina and positive exercise stress testing. No clinical evidence of heart failure. EKG and echocardiogram was negative. He was referred for invasive coronary angiography, that showed severe stenosis of mid–LAD and moderate ostial LAD stenosis. Subsequent Optical Coherence Tomography–Angio Co–Registration (OCT–ACR) of Left Anterior Descending was performed. An EBU3.5 guiding catheter was engaged in the left coronary artery, and 8000 units of heparin administered. After a pre–dilatation with a semi–compliant balloon of mid LAD, a plaque rupture with thrombus was documented at mid–LAD and a fibro–lipidic plaque with a severe flow limitation (MLA<4mm2) at the ostium, with no involvement of left main (Fig. 1b). Pre–dilatation with SC and NC balloon (2.5–3.5mm) was performed and then stented with a 4.0 × 26 mm DES. Finally, OCT confirmed correct stent expansion, achieving an excellent angiographic result, without carina shifting and compromise of the circ. Patient was discharged, asymptomatic. OCT–ACR guided PCI, taking advantage of its high spatial resolution, permits to plain better the PCI, establish correct stent size, evaluate early complications especially if left main or bifurcation are involved and thanks to co–registration also measurement of long axis of the vessel are facilitated.


The following is a "conversation" put together from various comments made by women and men on the subject of women's liberation. "Women's liberation doesn't have the immediate importance of black liberation or ending the war in Vietnam--the revolution." That statement shows you have no concept of the oppression of women. It's true that women are not being killed off as a group in the great numbers that black people and Vietnamese are, or in such obvious ways. But 10,000 women die each year from abortions * because the men who run this country have decided that a women may not control her own body. Women are dehumanized and put into service roles like black people. More of us can make it economically if we are willing to prostitute ourselves as wives of upper or middle-class men. House niggers. But basically we are economically exploited, psychologically oppressed, and socially kept in "our place" by men and by a capitalist system that has institutionalized male supremacy-- in a more subtle way than the caveman but just as destructively. "But other people are more oppressed than you." That may or may not be. It seems rather futile to argue about who is the most or more oppressed. If you're being stepped on, you don't stop to argue about whether the foot on your neck is heavier than the one on the neck of somebody else. You try to free yourself. And where it's the same foot, you work together. There may be several things holding you down at once. If you're a woman, it's men and the capitalist system. If you're a black woman, it's also racism. "Are you saying that women shouldn't fight in other struggles?" Of course not. Women will never be free in this country as it now exists because nobody can be. So you have to fight to change the whole thing. But we could change the economic system and women could still be victims of male supremacy, just as black people could still be victims of racism. To assure that this doesn't happen, women have to organize themselves to fight male supremacy. "You make a lot of analogies to the black movement. How do you see your relationship to black women?" At the moment, our group is largely white. Occasionally a black woman will come to meetings and that's great. Our meetings are open to all women. However, there is a reluctance on the part of white women to assume that black women want to be part of an "integrated" group. Black women may want to get together themselves first. Furthermore, we're all sisters but some of our problems are different. Many militant black women see their struggle as a fight alongside their men for survival; some say that only middle-class white women can afford to worry about their freedom as women. Some nonwhite women are beginning to organize on the woman issue, however, so apparently there isn't complete rejection of the idea. Hopefully all women will eventually be able to get together and fight for certain programs. This should result in a lessening of white supremacist attitudes, too, as white women get together with non-white women around similar needs. We will fight such racist practices as using maids to do the personal dirty work that men should share equally with us. "But women don't have it so bad. There are women doctors, lawyers, architects. Women are in almost all the fields open to men." Almost is a big word. Besides, the number of women in creative and well-paying jobs is very limited. There are black legislators, lawyers, doctors, and even a black man on the U.S. Supreme Court, too, but that doesn't make the masses of black people less oppressed. Also, women get lower pay for the same jobs and they have to work harder to rise in those jobs--just as black people do. "Don't you know that women control most of the wealth in this country? They also control individual men, not overtly but indirectly. Women have the real power, baby." First of all, we don't want to wield power as it is wielded under the present system--to oppress, to destroy people's humanity. …


Keywords: Condom Commercials, Relevance, Explicature, Higher-level Explicature, Implicature Condom commercials broadcasted in Indonesian television have uniqueness in delivering the messages. This phenomenon has encouraged the writer to analyze the implicature used in condom commercials. Pragmatic approach especially the theory of relevance is applied in this study. This study aims at analyzing the implicature used in condom commercials using relevance theory derived from explicature, higher level explicature, and implicature. The data source of this study was condom commercials broadcasted in Indonesian television. There were 13 data taken from 5 Sutra condom commercials, 7 Fiesta condom commercials, and 1 Durex condom commercial. The writer used qualitative approach with document analysis to analyze the relevance. This study revealed that in uncovering the implicature used in condom commercials, three stage processes were done. Explicature is used to give detailed explanation about the utterances uttered by the speakers helped by the context. In this study, the explicating process was derived via reference assignment and bridging. Deriving higher-level explicature is needed to find the propositional attitude toward the speakers' utterances by analyzing non-linguistic aspects where in this study tone voice is used by the speakers. Deriving the implicature requires the viewers' knowledge and the most suitable context which are represented in implicit premises that are constructed based on the context and implicated conclusion obtained by drawing conclusion from the whole process. It can be inferred that the implicit meaning coming from condom commercials are about introducing the products with their characteristics or specialties which differ from other competitors. The message about the importance of using condom before having sexual activities are also delivered by the advertisers. It is concluded that explicature, higher-level explicature, and implicature are interpreted by drawing inferences retrieved from the context, background knowledge, and assumptions. The next writers are recommended that they conduct similar studies about relevance theory with different objects such as cigarette and birth pill control commercials broadcasted on television. The writer also suggests the television viewers understand deeply the message delivered in televsion commercials.


The unwinding system is the front part of the roll-to-roll manufacturing process, in which the control accuracy of the web tension has a huge effect on the manufacturing accuracy and product quality. Sliding mode control (SMC) method is widely used in web tension control to solve the disturbance caused by the radius variation of the unwinding roller. However, it is difficult to avoid the system chattering problem by using the general equivalent Sliding mode control (ESMC). In this paper, the mathematical model of the web tension in unwinding system is established by analyzing the longitudinal dynamics of the web. Then a new equivalent fuzzy sliding mode control (EFSMC) method is proposed to solve the chattering problems. The simulation experiment is carried out to compare the performance of the web tension control with ESMC and EFSMC method. The simulation results show that the EFSMC method has nice dynamic performance and tracking accuracy of the web tension control. The chattering problem caused by the web velocity variation can be effectively attenuated. The EFSMC method also shows good performance on the disturbance rejection of the web tension.


Our increasing understanding of the neurobiology of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome has been accompanied by its safe and efficacious treatment. In this review, the biologic alterations that are associated with the signs and symptoms of withdrawal, and their relationship to current pharmacologic treatments, will be discussed. Potential long-term neurotoxic effects of alcohol withdrawal will also be reviewed. The role of the GABAK-benzodiazepine receptor complex, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, the sympathetic nervous system, the hypotha-lamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and limbic neuronal sensitization in the acute changes and persistent consequences of alcohol withdrawal will be the focus of this discussion. Potential treatment strategies based on these neurobiologic changes will be proposed.


Majka and Klimaszewski (2010) surveyed the Aleocharinae fauna of the Maritime Provinces of Canada, reporting that 203 species were known in the region. They also added 16 new provincial records from the region. Inadvertently, they neglected to provide new provincial records of three species that were indicated as occurring in Nova Scotia in Table 1 (pp. 23-33) of their results. This omission is rectified below wherein Gyrophaena modesta Casey, Gyrophaena subnitens Casey, and Placusa vaga Casey are all newly recorded as occurring in Nova Scotia. Klimaszewski et al. (2010, pp. 77) also erroneously reported Tachyporus nitidulus as occurring in Prince Edward Island. There are no records of this adventive Palaearctic species from the province, although it is more widely distributed in Nova Scotia than hitherto reported. Additional records of T. nitidulus are provided from Nova Scotia.


Because of an increasing professionalism in the football industry, football clubs became more and more like ordinary businesses. The purpose of this study is to investigate if match performance still causes abnormal returns for publicly listed football clubs. According to prior research, a positive abnormal return is expected for victories. Draws and defeats are supposed to lead to negative abnormal returns. This study covers a period ranging from 2000 till the end of 2015. The sample includes thirty European football clubs. A mix of event studies and a multiple regression model is used to investigate the relationship between match performance and share price reactions of the football clubs. In the end, it can be concluded that a victory indeed leads to a positive abnormal return (0.48%). For draws and defeats, the results are in line with the existing literature, they both resulted in negative abnormal returns. Respectively -0.59% for draws and 1.02% for defeats. Table of


Kaluza-Klein reduction of the 3d gravitational Chern-Simons term leads to a 2d theory that supports a symmetry breaking solution and an associated kink interpolating between AdS and dS geometries. Chern-Simons (CS) gauge theories, either pure or as modifications of Yang-Mills theories, have been studied from a variety of perspectives, gravity included. Nonetheless, some aspects of the impact on gravity deserve further investigation.


Polybius inherited the tradition of historiography in ancient Greece,which had come down since Thucydides.Among the compile aspect of it,he put forward the concept of "the universal history".He thought that the whole history is an organic one and enjoyed a close contact diachronically and synchronically.On the historiography method,he emphasized personal career and consult of eyewitness,and researched paper originally in the historical data,.He developed the spirit of ancient Greece oratory and discussed the basic principles of the polemic in history.Meanwhile,he had deep understanding about value of history and his work expressed a clear practical tendency.


Evaluations analyse and assess goal achievement and the effects of measures. Irrespective of its scope, funding and time frame an evaluation can support decision makers and the practice to objectively review and, if necessary, systematically improve the accuracy and effectiveness of measures, strategies and other subject matters. One question frequently asked is which methodical requirements are to be met under practical conditions in order to enable an evaluation to perform such tasks reliably, competently and professionally. The position paper at hand is meant to be a summary of central answers to this question. It is primarily aimed at individuals and institutions in charge of commissioning evaluations, accounting for them or utilizing their results as well as at the interested public.


Objective— Although we recently showed that the administration of catechins reduced the neointimal formation in a rat balloon-injury model, the precise molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In the present study, we tried to determine these mechanisms using an in vitro SMC invasion system. Methods and Results— Boyden chamber assay was used to examine the effect of catechins on the invasive behavior of SMCs. The invasive activity of SMCs through collagen gel was restrained by EGCG in a concentration-dependent manner. The data from gelatin and collagen zymography and Western blot revealed that EGCG blocks the activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 during an invasion assay and in the conditioned medium of cultured SMCs as well as the activities of MMP-2 and membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP) even at 0.1 to 0.3 μmol/L of EGCG. EGCG was found to restrain MT1-MMPcat–dependent pro–MMP-2 activation. EGCG upregulated the expression of tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 (TIMP-2) protein. Reverse zymography showed ...


In the standard Taylor rule, fiscal variables are absent and the central bank is assumed to respond in the same way to a given inflationoutput gap outlook whatever the stance of fiscal policy; or whatever the state of public finances and their likely impact on the economy and financial markets. This paper puts this assumption to the test. Estimating Taylor rules for the ECB using real time data, we find that there is no direct response to the fiscal policymakers' instrument, the cyclical adjusted primary balance. But there is a clear response to the level of debt. Monetary policy tightens by 25 basis points for every 2.5pp rise in the debt to GDP ratio. In the ex-post data however, reflecting actual outcomes rather than what was intended to happen, we find that the ECB appears to support expansionary fiscal policies when there is a perceived need to reflate the economy. But it reacted more aggressively to correct past excesses that had already led to high debt ratios. JEL Codes: E63 (Comparative or Joint Analysis of Monetary and Fiscal Policy) E61 (Policy Designs and Consistency, Policy Coordination)


Machine learning is used to extend performance in robotic systems suffering from TID sensor failure. The method is implemented on a robotic manipulator to demonstrate reconstruction of encoder signals submitted to simulated radiation effects.


An animal study was performed on 8 monkeys to determine the effect of the intraperitoneal application of glucocorticoids on the formation of postoperative adhesions after resection of the Fallopian tubes. Bilateral tubal resections were performed on the 8 animals; on 1 side a suture was used to reconnect the 2 tubal ends while the other side was left unsutured. Lederant was used in 1 case and Hydrocortodrin was used in 3 cases while 4 animals served ascontrols. One experimental animal and one control animal were studied after 468 and 10 weeks respectively. The animals that had received glucocorticoid treatment showed markedly fewer adhesions than the untreated animals. Tubal recanalization occurred in all cases. (Summary in ENG)


It is often difficult to make a firm diagnosis of mesothelioma by routine light microscopy. Most mesotheliomas are pleural and epithelial, and the problem is usually to rule out the possibility of an adenocarcinoma that has extended to the pleura from the underlying lung or a more distant source. Histochemical stains are of limited value in resolving this differential diagnosis, and the customary approach is to request a battery of immunohistochemical stains or, if tissue is available, to resort to electron microscopy. In this article, we review the abilities of the two techniques to discriminate between epithelial pleural mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma. We suggest that while there is no consistently reliable method, a carefully selected and cautiously interpreted group of immunostains will often strongly favor one or other tumor. The contribution of electron microscopy ranges from establishing a definite diagnosis in the majority of instances to offering no aid in the case of some poorly differentiated tumors.


The peroneal nerve is susceptible to traction injury during inversion ankle sprains. 1,2,4,6–9 Previously, these traction lesions have been identified only at the fibular neck and popliteal fossa level. 2,5,8,10 This report illustrates a previously unreported condition of perineural fibrosis of the superficial peroneal nerve at the level of the ankle following an inversion ankle sprain. Perineural fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with persistent pain after ankle sprain.


Brazil has about 12 % of a life ́s essential resource: the superficial fresh water of the planet. However, today it is possible to observe the bad management of this resource, generating serious consequences on the quality that results in the loss of the use ́s availability. In this scenario, the catchment of rainwater for undrinkable use is an alternative that has been broadly studied for the scientific community. When planning a system of rainwater catchment, the sizing of the required volume of the tank that will keep the water has a fundamental importance for the project, seeing that the supersizing of the tank can bring high costs and the undersizing can bring shortage in the water supply. This paper used a methodology based on two concepts: the harvesting efficiencies and the attending efficiencies of the system. This method takes as principle that exist a perfect demand that minimize the repayment time, condition that happened when the efficiencies are equal. Brazilian's cities with different weathers and different rainfalls where chosen to simulate the attending for different demands for a typical residence. The data where parameterized according to the roof area and the number of residents, that way is possible that a future conference can be easily done and it also ensure results closer to the reality. The results showed that cities with a lower period of drought, even those with high level of rainfall on the raining mouths, have lower potential of water supply. The cities where the rainfall is more constant and also more high, even small roofs areas and small tank ́s volumes – about half of the size compare to the cities with less propitious conditions – can generate high levels of water saving. With an eye to promote the environmental sustainability, the investment on projects for the catchment of rainwater is a good alternative.


Based on the Chinese Journals Citation Reports(CJCR) in 2009~2013,choosing the measuring indexes of eight of the core journals of fishery sciences,and with the help of the bibliometric method this paper makes a statistical analysis of their influential factors and their total cited frequency so as to provide reference for the scientific orientation and the sustainable development of the journals of fishery sciences as well as the promotion of the growth in their academic influence.


A young man came for an interview recently as he wished to talk over the possibilities of making a career in bookselling. After some discussion he put a question to me: 'You have frequently used the term "university bookselling". Is it so different from bookselling in general?' This was not easy to answer briefly, and on further consideration it becomes even more difficult, for it is clear that the fundamental aims of all types of bookseller are the same. They could be summed up as a, to carry as good an overall stock as capital and space permit, b, to give a good service to customers, and c, to sell as many books as possible at the best terms which can be obtained. These are common to us all, and the only difference in university bookselling is in the scope of what is required under a and b.


Abstract Demonstration of epitaxial lead sulfide (PbS),1 lead selenide (PbSe),2 and cadmium sulfide (CdS)3 growth of semiconductor nanocrystallites under monolayers represents an important milestone in molecular recognition and paves the way for our membrane-mimetic approach to advanced materials synthesis.4 Oriented growth of semiconductor,4.5 as well as glycine,6 sodium chloride,7 barium sulfate,8 calcium carbonate,9 and silver propionate,10 crystallites under monolayers has, of course, been inspired by biomineralization-the selective crystallization at cell membrane surfaces.11–13


Dr. Rackman's expressed purpose was to present a, but not necessarily the, Jewish view, of various social issues. He urged Yeshiva students to think about controversial matters for themselves. Dr. Rackman advocated a philosophy of doubt which views many complex issues as "gray" rather than black or white. This approach, he pointed out, should not be confused with one of indecision. Decisions can and should be made, but ,only -after -all sides of an issue have been explored. Besides national and international affairs, he also discussed issues which apply specifically to Y eshiva University and its position in the American Orthodox Jewish community. athr atolttmrntator


The problem for bureaucrats, of course, is that ethical dilemas rarely present themselves in clear cut ways. People can legitimately disagree about whether or to what extent a particular case raises problems or whether the existing rules are applicable. Officials are caught in a web of loyalties and obligations: obedience to the law, loyalty to bureaucratic superiors and ministers/politicians (not necessarily the most esteemed group of people), and with a duty of consideration to citizens (the public at large and/or client groups). Ethical demands can come into close conflict with each other and with other types of demands facing the public sector (e.g. efficiencey). The fashionable option of a code of ethics is not a panacea. Kemaghan points out that we lack hard evidence about the efficacy of ethics codes as compared to other means of promoting ethical behaviour in government. The broad principles contained in many codes of ethics are often difficult to apply in the specific situations troubled administrators may find themselves. Codes tend to deal with the last horse that bolted, argues Cubbo.n. It is difficult to draft a code that can be


This paper presents a high responsivity THz detector formed of two depletion mode pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (D-pHEMT) coupled to an on-chip bowtie antenna in GaAs 130 nm technology. The measured absolute responsivity of the integrated detector is 10 V/W at 250 GHz at a gate bias voltage of -0.3 V. A silicon lens attached to the GaAs substrate improves the responsivity of the detector by 20X while showing a noise equivalent power (NEP) of 25 pW/√Hz.


Ransomware is a kind of malware that forestalls or confines clients from getting to their framework, either by locking the framework's screen or by locking the clients' records except if a payoff is paid. Due to the changing conduct of ransomware, conventional type and detection techniques do not correctly stumble on new variants of ransomware. Our data set includes some of the most up-to-date ransomware samples available, providing an assessment of the category accuracy of device studying algorithms on the present day evolving repute of ransomware. Two primary parts of this work are identification of the behavioral attributes which can be used for choicest class accuracy and type of ransomware the using machine learning classification algorithms. After classifying the ransomware editions, a prevention mechanism is also completed to the cryptographic ransomware variants. KeywordsClassification, Machine Learning Ransomware, Ransomware prevention


However, the author's modesty in limiting the conclusions he draws by stopping short of wider secondary reference is regrettable, since interesting issues, such as the persistent link which the texts make between art and death, or the light they may cast on contemporary notions of masculinity, are thus left uncommented. Nonetheless Schweitzer presents a fascinating literary theme. His selection of texts is broad and interesting, with the welcome inclusion of such little-read works as Dorothea Schlegel's Florentin and J. M. R. Lenz's Der Waldbruder. His typology is convincing, uncovering connections between apparently different texts and periods. In sum then, this study is close in its focus, adhering to its aim of providing purely textual readings. In so doing, it draws attention to a rich field of study which should repay further exploration. MERERID PUW DAVIES


The motile, unicellular green alga Heamatococcus has come into prominence in recent years as a possible candidate for mass production for its red pigment, astaxanthin. The present paper summarizes the available information on nomenclature, taxonomy, morphology, life cycle and ultra-structure, which have so far been left out of the many reviews on this interesting alga.


The invention discloses a method for breeding a Nibea miichthioides industrial seeding variety and a ripe special fish energizing agent thereof. The method adopt the ripe fish energizing agent which contains fish protein concentrate, bean cake powder, yeast, wheat middling, anchovy oil, VE, sinkaline, Ca(H2PO4)2, complex vitamin and mixed inorganic salt, and combines a screen method of freezing germ cell to produce excellent seed variety. The method can effectively improve the quality and hatchability of the germ cell, is suitable to be applied to industry, can effectively improve the quality of the germ cell, screen poor germ cell formed by egg membrane defect or sperm cell membrane defect, and reduce the ration of the poor seed. The aberration rate of embryo is reduced through EDTA sodium salt combined with low temperature. The method and the energizing agent can breed large mass of Nibea miichthioides seed varieties suitable for artificial breeding and artificial stocking.


The invention relates to a keyboard device for simultaneously reading and interpreting a musical work, starting from the traditional written music score the text of said work, comprising a microcomputer and a tablet capable of receiving a paper page or set of pages to treat consecutively forming partition, and able to recognize any abscissa-ordinate touched position on the partition by the end of a handled by an interpreter pointer. Each of the abscissa-ordinate signals thus activated in the tablet is transmitted to said microcomputer that supports a pre-programmed software according to the considered partition. This programming is made so that every pair-ordinate abscissa and enabled on the page triggers a signal that initiates a signal stream can be sent to a tone generator or not incorporated into the device. The generator then produces the note written on the nearest partition of the point of contact with said pointer.


Malaise traps were set out for four weeks in December 1997 to compare the beetle populations in kanuka bush, fern bush, a 25 year old mature radiata pine stand, a 6 year old radiata pine plantation, nearby hayfi elds, grassed foreshore areas and on coastal sand dunes. Greater numbers of beetle species were collected at the forested sites than at the pastoral, urban and sand dune sites. Th e greatest number of beetle species was collected in the mature radiata pine stand, which had a well developed understorey of shade tolerant native shrub species. Th e beetle faunas at forested locations had higher degrees of endemism. Habitats maintained by constant human activity had more adventive species. Th e most common species in the grassland habitats were the lucerne weevil Sitona discoideus and the click beetle Conoderus exsul, both adventive species. Th e more numerous species in the forested habitats included the bark mould beetle Salpingus bilunatus, the elaterid Panspoeus guttatus and the fungus weevil Liromus pardalis, all native species.


writers of formal history has almost been replaced by the high stakes tension between sound, verifiable history, and history that can be rendered filmic, between the emotive medium of film and the analytical medium of history. The tension between the history we write and the visual mediums through which it can reach unprecedented mass audiences represents one of the greatest professional challenges of our time. At stake, simply, is the nature and quality of the national or social memory, the vast public's knowledge of its past. Good history has always relied on a kind of poetry among its best storytellers; good poetry has always instructed us about the past. As poethistorian Robert Penn Warren wrote in 1953, "historical sense and poetic sense should not, in the end, be contradictory, for if poetry is the little myth we make, history is the big myth we live, and in our living, constantly remake."' Ken Burns, the maker of The Civil War and several other distinguished documentary films, understands this mutual dependence of poetry and history. Burns has a deep and infectious sense of history, although he took only one


The parallel exploration of ceramic data in various areas of the Greek Mainland and the Cycladic Islands has led to a proliferation of different terminologies for Middle and Late Bronze Age (henceforth MBA and LBA) pottery. The labels and grouping methods used are, however, only useful tools as long as everybody understands what is actually covered by the terms. Many vessels manufactured in different areas of the Aegean, especially during the initial phases of the LBA, were decorated with more than one colour. Vessels of either a dark or light surfaced fabric could be decorated with contrasting dark (black, red, purple) and/or light (white, yellow) patterns. Dark or light paints were frequently also employed as solid coatings onto which one or several more or less contrasting colours were employed for pattern decoration. In this chapter we describe several kinds of MBA–LBA pottery essentially decorated with two colours, normally black and red, on a light unpainted or slipped ground. These varieties have been variously termed in previous studies. The use of different labels should, however, not disguise the basic observation that all vessels display a bold and usually attractive contrasting effect of black and red decoration on a light ground. Some vessels, but certainly not all, also show limited additional decoration in the form of auxiliary lines or dots of a superimposed, fugitive and often semi-transparent white paint. This infrequent, subordinate and often hard to spot addition of white paint is probably the reason why some scholars have chosen the term "polychrome" rather than "bichrome" for describing their decoration. For sake of convenience and consistency, we use the latter term for all varieties of dark-on-light pottery described below. There are several kinds of Aegean pottery decorated with more than one colour which are not included below. We have limited our analysis to pottery produced on the Cycladic islands and the Southern and Central Greek Mainland (henceforth the Central Aegean) in the second millennium BC. These limitations may appear arbitrary to the reader. The justification for this selected coverage is mainly twofold: (i) bichrome decorated vessels from these areas are well represented in ceramic assemblages recently analysed by one or several of the authors at Kolonna on the island of Aegina and at Lerna in the Peloponnese and (ii) the Aegean dark-on-light varieties described here are also more likely than others to be confused with bichrome decorated vessels from other regions in the Eastern Mediterranean. Polychrome decorated vessels from Thessaly (e.g. MARAN 1992A, 162–169) are thus excluded, as are also different classes attested on contemporaneous Crete (e.g. MACDONALD and KNAPPETT 2007, 35, Classes A.6–7) and in the Dodecanese (e.g. MOMIGLIANO 2007; VITALE 2007, 76–193). Finally, no references are made to the NE Peloponnesian pottery variously known as "White on Burnished Dark" (DIETZ 1991, 32) or "Bichrome on Slipped and Burnished" (ZERNER 1993, 44).


Background Vitamin D has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory properties and important role in bone metabolism. Effects of vitamin D supplementation in musculoskeletal diseases are well known, but it is unknown if local application of vitamin D can have an anti-inflammatory potential. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate local influence of vitamin D on inflammation, pain, redness and swelling of the affected joint in acute and chronic gouty arthritis. 40 patients with acute gouty arthritis and 40 patients with chronic gouty arthritis were included in study. Methods We did topical application of cholecalciferol in a dose of 180,000 IU daily through seven days on the affected joint for one hour. Local changes of the affected joint such as swelling and redness were observed. Also, serum samples were taken on a 1st, 3rd and 7th day of application in order to measure levels of vitamin D, urates, calcium and C reactive protein. Results We found that local application of vitamin D increased its serum levels in both groups of patients while urates level, swelling, redness and pain was reduced. Effect of vitamin D on pain, redness and inflammation was stronger in a group with acute inflammation. Conclusion Local application of vitamin D may be linked to the reduction of acute and chronic inflammation in gouty arthritis. Relationship between vitamin D and urates in inflammatory process should be investigated further.


The objective of this research has been to analyze and assess the perceptions of the elite sportswomen in their insufficient presence in sports. The used methodology allows to examine and interpret the thoughts and beliefs of a cohort of high-performance athletes. The instrument used for the treatment of the data has been the computer program AQUAD 7. This study discusses different modalities of participant's relationship (handball as a collective sport, athletics as an individual sport, and judo as a competition between two individuals). The results show that the female athletes perceive situations of gender discrimination and absence of equal opportunities in career development. The conclusions of this study suggest proposing a change in policies aimed at effective equality in women's sports career.


This article examines the sexual politics of modernity in the work of Edgar Degas by showing how his series of dance pictures produced in the 1870s and 1880s suggest a stylistic and thematic relationship between the discourse of modernity and the issue of femininity. In particular, I will discuss how Degas developed an aesthetic style which capitalised upon the fragmentary, the repetitive and the contrapuntal moment-stylistic conceits which were evocative of the discourse of modernity-in order to expatiate on his thematic obsession with the clandestine prostitute. Thus this article will demonstrate how Degas hit upon both a style and a subject whose themes and qualities were understood to correspond equally to the issues of modernity and femininity, which dovetailed seamlessly in his oeuvre in order to produce a phallogocentric aesthetic vision of the relationship between these two terms. In so doing, I will show how the coincidence between style and subject in Degas' oeuvre-between an avant-garde visual technique and the image of the clandestine prostitute-simply served to affirm the strong connection between avant-garde definitions of modernity and the depiction of working-class women as sexualised and commodified beings. While the thematic and stylistic concerns of Impressionist art have been understood in modernist art criticism to represent astraightforward and truthful reportage of modern life infin de siecle Paris. an analysis of Degas' oeuvre actually dispels that myth. Demonstrating the welIplanned compositional complexity of his work reveals the extent to which his portrayals of working-class women, often understood to be clandestine prostitutes, were deliberate and, more imponantly, constructed depictions of the essential character of the modem subject. Thus, Degas' depictions of ballet dancers and the dance world do not necessarily reflect an actual reality, but more often reflect his own personal vision of that world and its inhabitants. Moreover, in seeking to call attention to the phallogocentrically contrived nature of Degas' vision of the relationship between femininity and modernity. I mean not only to discard certain myths about Impressionist art, but more crucially to reveal the way in which


Save the Children's mandate is to make child rights a reality. In 1995, Save the Children's document `Towards a Children's Agenda: New Challenges for Social Development' articulated the need to put children at the centre of all development policy and planning. SCF's draft global strategy also mentions the importance that the organisation will place on child focused work in the future. A key aspect of SCF's strategy concerns the participation of children in development. SCFrecognises that there is shortage of documented experiences of children's participation. There is also relatively little analytical literature on this theme.


The new name of the industrial game is continuous innovation. But what is continuous innovation? And how can we manage and organise for it? This article addresses these questions by, first of all, defining continuous innovation as the ability to combine operational effectiveness and strategic flexibility - exploitation and exploration - capabilities that have traditionally been regarded as antithetical. Next, an old debate between organisation theorists on the question of whether it is at all possible to combine the two capabilities in one system is summarised to conclude that the majority of scholars argue that it is difficult, perhaps even impossible, to achieve continuous innovation. However, some authors have challenged this stance and have provided some useful thoughts, though little empirical evidence, as to how operational effectiveness and strategic flexibility can be combined to produce continuous innovation. The question of how empirically supported knowledge could be developed is approached firstly by briefly discussing the bodies of theory underlying the current thinking about continuous innovation, namely organisational theories of innovation, learning, and continuous improvement. Then, the papers presented at the 1995, 1998 and 2000 (Euro)CINet conferences will be analysed to show how these fields are gradually converging into what would more appropriately be labelled continuous innovation (instead of improvement). The analysis also shows that the field has a couple of serious weaknesses that need to be addressed if the research community involved really wants to contribute to the art and science of continuous innovation. The paper concludes with a summary of this analysis, presented as an agenda for further research.


Since the architectonic of modern science and technology keeps expanding, subjects are infiltrating into each other and fluxing, as well as integrating. Every subject has the trend of transition from the state of dispersing to the state of intensive. Our study shows that the clustering of science and technology innovation was decided by the following three supporting systems: the network basis of subjects--the interdisciplinary and amalgamation of subjects; Pasteur quadrant--the new relationship of basic research and technology innovation; the emergence of entities of science and technology--industry laboratory and technology combo. On the basis of our study, we put forward the following new trend of science management: paying attention to the constructing of science school, emerging the multiplication domino effect, constructing science and technology centers which have the world level, enhancing the effect of name -brand, broaden the system of management and dominating, ensure the freedom during the course of selecting research direction.


During the late 1990s, The Ohio State University Health Sciences Library's administration instituted the Reference and Information Services Team and gave it the responsibility and authority to manage the library's reference services as well as to oversee access, outreach, and education services. The reasons for this change to permanent self-directed team management of the library's public services, the "growing pains" experienced during the transition from a traditional model for managing reference services, and the eventual success of the team in integrating itself into the overall library management structure, are discussed. Suggestions are also provided for those interested in using a similar management structure. ********** It has been a tradition at The Ohio State University (OSU) Health Sciences Library (HSL) to explore new ways of managing the library. Over the years, with budget considerations, changing roles for libraries resulting from technological innovations, and the desire to offer the highest quality customer services, it has been necessary to find alternative ways to manage library services with the available resources. During the late 1990s, the HSL administration suggested managing reference services in a nontraditional way: by the institution of the Reference and Information Services Team (RIST), a permanent self-directed management team, rather than the traditional, hierarchical model of a head of Reference Services with Librarians reporting individually to this head. The reasons for this change, the "growing pains" experienced during the initiation of this new management model, and the eventual successful integration of RIST into the overall library management structure will be described in this article. Review of the Literature The literatures of business and library and information science provide numerous books and journal articles on team management, including case studies and practical works. (1) Several basic texts on team management were of great value to the HSL librarians in learning about a new organizational model. Examples include Parker and Harrington-Macken's books that provide practical advice to organizations exploring the possibilities of team management. (2) These titles complemented more broadly based works discussing total quality management (TQM) and teams. (3) The electronic journal Team Performance Management: An International Journal began in 1995 and focused on all types of teams. (4) Additionally, several articles discussed reference departments working with another unit in the library, or speculated on the value of the team. (5) However, prior to the establishment of RIST at OSU HSL, little in-depth information was available on managing library reference services by a self-regulating or self-directed management team. Subsequent to the implementation of RIST in 1998, the literature on teams in academic settings and libraries had expanded. A good example of a change to a self-managing team at Emerson College's Career Services is documented by Nonamaker and Hogenbaugh. (6) A 1999 library case study by Owens examines the team approach within the construct of total quality management to determine the degree to which the goals of the change from hierarchical to team management are met. (7) A more comprehensive approach to library teams and change is found in Pugh's book, which examines a whole range of management models employed in running modern information services. (8) This case study of the transition to a team-based decision-making model at HSL contributes to a sparse but growing literature devoted to examining self-regulated or self-directed teams in academic libraries. The article begins by outlining the development of team-based management at HSL. This is followed by a description of the team's composition, its functions, and operation. The article concludes by noting the accomplishments of the team and identifying lessons learned from the case study. …


'We may be on the eve of a new age of enlightenment. When a scientist says he doesn't know, perhaps there's hope for the future!' – National Farmers' Union Local Representative during the radioactive sheep crisis. ( Quoted in Wynne, 1996, p. 32 ) The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Soviet Union on 26 April 1986 is one of the defining moments of the nuclear age. It is the worst nuclear accident ever: a melt-down of the core of a reactor, followed by an explosion and fire releasing tons of radioactive debris into the atmosphere. The accident not only killed nuclear workers and firemen who fought to save the doomed reactor, but also condemned many others who lived under the path of the fallout to illness and premature death or a life of waiting for a hidden enemy. The weather, no respecter of nation states, carried its deadly passenger far and wide. Fallout over Britain At first, Britain seemed likely to escape as its predominant weather pattern comes from the west. Traditional British scepticism about weather forecasts was confirmed, however, when six days after the accident, torrential rain and thunderstorms over mountains and uplands deposited a charge of radioactive material. The Chernobyl cloud had undergone a 4,000 kilometre journey with virtually no precipitation until it reached Britain.


An experiment was conducted to study effect of organic manures integrated with chemical and biofertilizers on growth and yield parameters of sunflower for three years at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during kharif (June-September) season. Application of vermicompost at the rate of 2 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher yield (1070, 984 and 1229 kg ha-1 in 1994, 1995 and 1996 respectively) compared to farm yard manure and no manure. Application of 100 per cent recommended chemical fertilizers (NPK) resulted in significant increase in plant height, head diameter, 100 seed weight and seed yield over 50 per cent NPK and control. Among the biofertilizers, soil application of Vasicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) recorded higher seed yield over Phosphorus Solublising Bacteria (PSB) and control. Combined application of organic manures and chemical fertilizers significantly influenced the sunflower seed yield. Application of vermicompost with 100 per cent recommended NPK recorded the highest seed yield of 1374, 1287 and 1458 kg ha-1 in all the three years, respectively. Fifty per cent of recommended NPK along with vermicompost recorded higher seed yield than 100 per cent NPK with FYM.


Effects of flexor reflex afferents stimulation were investigated on high decerebrated curarized cats. Stimulation of ipsilateral flexor reflex afferents evoked late long-lasting discharges in flexor nerves. Contralateral flexor reflex afferents stimulation evoked late discharges both in extensor and flexor nerves. Transition from late discharges to rhythmic discharges was observed. Early segmental reflexes were tonically depressed in thalamic in comparison with acute spinal cats. A similar tonic depression of segmental reflexes took place in acute spinal cats after DOPA injection. Segmental reflexes were distinctly modulated during late and rhythmic discharges. On the basis of the data available possible central mechanisms of the observed changes of segmental reflexes are discussed.


Poverty alleviation projects are implemented as part of the national development and prosperity agenda. This study aimed to gain an understanding of the factors that contribute to the project governance practices in poverty alleviation efforts for the rural poor in Malaysia, which will lead to better project delivery and the successful outcome of the projects. Multiple case studies were conducted on two public initiative housing assistance projects in rural areas of peninsular Malaysia. It explored how dealing with the rural poor influences public officials in conducting projects through stewardship-governance notion. A qualitative approach through multiple case studies was utilised in this study where multiple sources of evidence were used such as semi-structured interviews with 12 public officials, document analysis and observation. The study discovered five factors that contribute to project governance practices, namely altruistic empathy, intrinsic motivation, effective leadership, learning environment and shared vision where these factors interplay with each other towards the achievement of project outcome. Hence, this article contributes to the dynamic understanding of how public officials embraced motivational factors in conducting their works related to the rural poverty alleviation projects. Appropriate utilisation of project governance practices drives for better project delivery to the target groups.


This paper on the prevention and compensation of accidents in West-Germany discusses two classes of reforms. (1) the advocation of public preventive measures for reducing the number and severity of traffic accidents. Such measures include strengthened restrictions against drunken driving, reduced speed limits and increased general traffic regulations, together with a limited use of civil law sanctions in cases where negligent individuals should be forced to pay compensatory damages. (2) the paper discusses the desirability of a complete and uniform compensation scheme such as that introduced in New Zealand in 1974. There the different workman groups pay different premiums according to on the job accidents rates, and the disembursements for accidents of non-earners not in the street traffic are covered out of the general taxes. The author states that this New Zealand system has been successful; it has neither led to increased negligence in traffic or at work nor to increased insurance fraud. Following this paper is a commentary by Goeran Skogh where he criticizes the paper for not analyzing the benefits, e.g. by comparing them with their costs, and that instead of considering which mix of liability-rules, insurance-schemes, penal sanctions and administrative control is optimal, the paper follows the ideological movement extent in many industrial countries today. The commentary emphasizes the conflict between accident prevention and the compensation of the victims. Also, it analyzes recent trend in accident legislation along the lines of the prevention versus insurance dichotomy and suggests a number of policy changes based on the analysis. /TRRL/


This article presents the history of Masuria created by the propaganda of socialist realism. Itsaim is to show how writers presented the nationality-based verification campaign and opinion pollsin the area of former East Prussia. The author attempts to prove that social realist writers describedthe above-mentioned action as "discovering" Polish identity by the inhabitants of Masuria. In orderto do that, four stories included in the anthology Ziemia serdecznie znajoma, published in 1954, areanalysed to show that strong pressure was exerted on the Masurians to confirm their Polish nationality.


It was tested to reduce the number of teeth surfaces to graduate plaque with the scale by Qugiley and Hein without loss of representation to total number of (all existing) teeth. Incisivi and canini (oral + vestibular surfaces) of lower jaw showed a high representation (over 80% of all cases) of total plaque value (all surfaces on all teeth).


We have succeeded in streamlining the product development cycle by incorporating object-oriented technology into the requirements definition phase. We have developed a general format, supporting tools and a methodology for describing requirements in an object-oriented fashion. We have validated our approach by incorporating it into the new object-oriented methods being applied to our current project and observing the benefits that resulted. We describe the problems with our earlier requirements specifications which make them unsuitable for developing good object-oriented systems and then explain our approach which eliminates these pitfalls.


This research presents an innovative methodology for accurately predicting spring-back tendencies in V-bending of SS400 steel sheets under elevated temperatures. The study leverages extensive tensile test data to determine parameters for pure isotropic and kinematic hardening laws at varying temperatures, crucial inputs for Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. While using pure isotropic or kinematic hardening laws alone has limitations, especially at elevated temperatures, a hybrid approach is recommended for robust predictive models in ABAQUS 6.13 software. To address this challenge, a novel method is introduced, utilizing flow stress curve ratios between elevated and room temperatures as a function of equivalent strain to derive combined hardening law parameters. Rigorous comparison of simulation and experimental results confirms the model's effectiveness in predicting spring-back in the V-bending of SS400 steel sheets, particularly under elevated temperatures. This innovative approach enhances understanding of material behavior at high temperatures and improves predictive capabilities for designing and optimizing complex V-bending processes.


Abstract Agnès Varda's latest documentary, Les Glaneurs et la glaneuse/Gleaners and I, was presented at the fifty-third International Festival at Cannes, in May 2000. Her points of departure are a word looked up in the Larousse dictionary ('glaner'), the reproduction of the canonical painting that illustrates the article ('Les glaneuses' by Jean-François Millet), and more importantly, her interest in the 'urban gleaners' who live in her neighbourhood. Varda's original concern, respect and curiosity for those (extra)ordinary people who collect fruit and vegetables abandoned on the marketplace becomes a ludic road-documentary about different examples of gleaning, different types of gleaners. Two apparently disconnected narrative trends are woven into this film. On the one hand, as is often the case, Varda's poetic recirc;verie on the pleasure and violence of gleaning is accompanied by a serious exploration of the resemblance between filming and her subject matter: this is a portrait of the artist as 'glaneuse.' On the other hand, another visual story keeps proposing to the viewer a self-portrait of the artist as an old lady. I propose to explore the curious counterpoint between the two layers of self-portraits in order to verify the validity and the limits of Varda's self- reflexive cinematographic theories as they are tested by the documentary's internal interpretative grids.


The design of intricate real-time systems typically involves several notations that describe the system at different levels of abstraction. Graphical notations inspired by timing diagrams are helpful at the requirements level, structured automata are common at the design level and dedicated languages are used at the programming level. The question arises how these different notations are linked together in a semantically meaningful way. The author argues that a logic-based approach is making a real contribution.


Aim: It has been established that exercise induced oxidative stress and causes adaptation in antioxidant defense. The purpose of the present study was to observe the effect of different duration regular exercise on free radicals generation Hypothesis: After thoroughly searching all the available scientific literature it was hypothesized that regular exercise may have an influence on free radical production. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) w Methods: ere measured for detecting free radical production in the different duration regular exercise group. For statistical analysis mean, SD, and "Mann-Whitney- U test" were calculated through SPSS software package. Results: TBARS levels were higher in highly trained group in comparison with the moderately trained group. Plasma TBARS was significantly higher in regular exercise group than the control group. Regular moderate exercise may favorably alter Fre Conclusion: e Radical production


The utility model relates to a detection device, which comprises a percent meter and a base, wherein the base is provided with a guide rail at the left upper edge face of the base, the guide rail is fit with a bearing slide base in a sliding type, the bearing slide base can slide along the guide rail and is provided with a positioning device connected with the base for bearing the slide base, the percent meter is fixed on the bearing slide base, the base is provided with a bearing table at the right upper edge face of the base, the bearing table is provided with a positioning hole, one end of a tapered core rod is inserted and positioned in the positioning hole, and the another end of the core rod extends outside the positioning hole. The core rod of the utility model can follow the inner diameter change of bulk pieces, to obtain accurate and reliable measurement, and the detection device can measure the bulk pieces of different outer diameters, thus is beneficial for reducing production cost.


Infectious and inflammatory conditions, injuries and malignant neoplasms may raise body temperature, and ischemia may reduce it. Temperature is an important physical and biological quantity and a key human health indicator. It serves as a main indicator in screening of most medical pathologies of both surgical and therapeutic and gynecological profiles. Medical thermovision is a modern diagnostic remote non-invasive informative technique without radiation exposure and contraindications, which is based on the registration of natural thermal radiation emitted by human bodies in the invisible infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum. As physiological changes precede structural changes observed during classical medical imaging, infrared thermography allows for identification of pathological conditions and neoplasms long before these conditions are confirmed by other diagnostic techniques. Separately, it is necessary to point out that the technique is also an effective way to detect viral diseases. Using medical thermography, the course of the disease may be monitored over time: from screening and diagnosis to follow up of treatment and rehabilitation. The technique is widely used in many fields of medicine and is available for multiple uses. In the article, the current domestic and foreign literature on the use and possibilities of the medical thermography technique in different fields of medicine are analysed. Possibilities and prospects for medical thermovision in the realities of modern medical practice are assessed.


The behavior of Formosan subterranean termites (FST) toward zinc borate (ZB) and calcium borate (CB)-treated oriented strandboard (OSB) from southern mixed hardwoods and southern yellow pine was examined in laboratory tests. Loading of ZB and CB in OSB provided protection from severe structural damage, but did not completely eliminate termite activity. The level of borate used showed significant effects on weight loss, percent termite mortality, and termite damage rating. Borate types had a significant effect on the sample weight loss and damage rating, but not on termite mortality. Wood species showed no significant effect on the termite resistance. Correlations between weight loss and damage rating and between weight loss and termite mortality for both wood species were fitted well by a decaying exponential function. A three-way regression analysis showed a significant curvilinear relationship among damage rating, weight loss, and termite mortality. Zinc and calcium borate treatment to retention levels greater than 1.0% BAE provided sufficient protection from FST attack. Additional field tests may be needed to determine whether ZB and CB treatments will protect OSB from large-scale attack by FST and if modified OSB panels will be acceptable commercially.


Statistics.com stands at the intersection of two current trends: (1) an acute shortage of analytic and statistics skills in the labor force and (2) a blossoming of different models for online delivery of higher education. A recent report by the McKinsey Global Institute forecasts a current and continuing shortfall of 140,000–190,000 workers with 'deep analytical skills'. The skills referred to are in the area of statistics, data mining, and machine learning. Also in the news have been recent ventures by Stanford and other premier universities to offer high‐quality free courses in this area to massive audiences in excess of 100,000. Statistics.com has been building an online program in these subjects since 2002, and now offers 100‐plus online 4‐week courses, relying on an extensive faculty of expert statisticians, and a mixture of traditional and innovative approaches. WIREs Comput Stat 2012, 4:513–517. doi: 10.1002/wics.1225


Our study adds to the BRCAness theory that hereditary ovarian cancers with BRCA 1 or 2 mutations show better chemosensitivity when compared with sporadic ovarian cancers.


This book is about women's careers, how women think about and enact their working lives, and how these patterns change, or stay the same, over time. This is an authoritative and thought-provoking book, which makes maximum use of the methodology of semi-structured in-depth interviews to reconsider many assumptions about the apparently straightforward notion of the career, writes Ruth Garland.


That the subject innovation is directed to a vertical screw conveyor coupled to the speed, and its object is, but coupling shaft which is responsible for the rotation of the vertical screw conveyor with a plurality of the screw shaft, the connection between the upper and lower screw shaft is the power to the removable by the shaft connecting member and to pass, continuous, to provide a vertical powder feed apparatus so that a smooth powder transfer step achieved by extending these rolls of the connecting shaft when the raw material is supplied using a bearing member supporting member in the durability of a member for supporting the joints period there used. Structure of the present design is for a cylindrical case encompassing the vertical screw shaft and, thereby, the above and of the material charging port formed at the lower one point of the cylindrical casing, and at least one outlet formed in the upper side at a point of the cylindrical case, the raw material is associated with the outlet supply pipes and, and in the vertical screw conveyor for transporting a powder to be configured to include a motor for transmitting power to the screw shaft, the shaft member is at least more than one screw shaft that is vertically stacked in multiple stages bond; And a shaft connecting member for axial coupling between the stacked upper and lower screw shaft; And a bearing member for supporting the shaft while reducing the friction of the connection member; Characterized in that configured to include a checking member for the replacement of the bearing member. The vertical screw conveyor, the speed, the bucket, powder transport device


BACKGROUND
Periodontal disease (PD) is known to be associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery and/or cardiovascular disease. In our study, we sought to explore the virulence of P. gingivalis (Pg) affecting glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β)/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4 )/ nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in primary human aortic endothelial cells (pHAECs).

METHODS
pHAECs were infected for 48 h with Pg in-vitro using the HoxBan coculture technique. Cell viability was determined, and target gene expression changes were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR at the end of each incubation period.

RESULTS
Pg impaired pHAEC viability 24 h post-infection. Pg infection reduced mRNA expression levels of endothelial NOS (eNOS), Nrf2, and phase II enzymes (HO-1, catalase, SOD1) in a time-dependent manner. Significant (P < 0.05) increase in the inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were observed in the medium as well as in the infected cells. Interestingly, inducible NOS mRNA levels showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase at 12 h and 24 h and were reduced at later time points. BH4 (cofactor of eNOS) biosynthesis enzyme DHFR (salvage pathway) mRNA levels showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease, while mRNA levels of GSK-3β were elevated.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that periodontal bacterial infection may cause significant changes in the endothelial GSK3β/BH4 /eNOS/Nrf2 pathways, which may lead to impaired vascular relaxation. Greater understanding of the factors that adversely are affecting endothelial cell function could contribute to the development of new therapeutic compounds to treat PD-induced vascular diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The cation of the title compound, tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)-copper(II) bis [bis(2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolato-S 4 ,S 5 )nickelate(III)] [(C 10 H 8 N 2 ) 3 ][Ni(C 3 S 5 ) 2 ] 2 , has crystallographic twofold rotation symmetry with all Cu-N distances almost equivalent in an octahedral environment. The NiS 4 coordination of the anion is significantly distorted from a square-planar geometry.


South Eastern Norway regional health authority

 Patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NDCM) have lower mortality compared to patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Recent reports suggest less benefit of a primary prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in NDCM.

 We aimed to investigate mortality rate and appropriate ICD therapy in a consecutive cohort of patients with NDCM and ICM.

 In this prospective multi-center study, we consecutively included NDCM and ICM patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% from July 2014 to January 2018. ICM or NDCM classification was based on coronary angiography. Echocardiography was performed at inclusion and LVEF and global longitudinal strain (GLS) were assessed. All-cause mortality and primary prevention ICD therapies were recorded during follow-up.

 We included 290 patients (67 ± 13 years old, 74% males), 207 with ICM and 83 with NDCM. At inclusion LVEF was 31 ± 6% and GLS -10.5 ± -3.3%. Patients with ICM were older (68 ± 12 years vs. 63 ± 15 years, p < 0.01), had better LVEF (32 ± 6% vs. 28 ± 7%, p < 0.01), and shorter QRS duration (106 ± 23 ms vs. 122 ± 28 ms, p < 0.01). A primary prevention ICD was implanted in 18 (9%) ICM patients and in 21 (25%) NDCM patients (p < 0.001).
 During 22 ±12 months follow up, all-cause mortality was 27 (9%) in the entire population. In patients with ICM 1/18 (6%) received appropriate shock from their primary prevention ICD compared to 3/21 (14%) NDCM patients. Mortality was more frequent in ICM; 26/207 (13%) compared to 1/83 (1.2%) in NDCM (Log rank p < 0.01). All-cause mortality or appropriate ICD shock was more frequent in ICM compared to NDCM (27 (13%) vs. 4 (5%) log rank p = 0.02) (Figure). Assuming the arrhythmias treated by the ICD shocks would have been lethal, annual mortality of 2.5% in the NDCM population was only slightly higher compared to the age matched general population (1% annual mortality) (blue line).

 Patients with NDCM had better survival, and in general a lower event rate, compared to patients with ICM. However, subgroups of NDCM patients may benefit from their primary prophylactic ICD and further studies should investigate the need of primary prevention ICD in patients with NDCM.
 Abstract P1428 Figure.


The automotive industry is interested in manufacturing components with tailored mechanical properties. To this end, advanced heating treatments can be exploited to obtain the so-called Tailored Heat-Treated Blanks (THTB). However, mechanical properties are strongly affected by the process parameters of heating treatments, which require a preliminary design. Physical simulation can be a decisive tool in this phase to obtain useful information at the laboratory scale, even when heat treatments such as those carried out with laser technologies impose high heating and cooling rates on the material. This work uses physical simulation to investigate the changes in strength and ductility caused by laser heat treatment (LHT) on aluminum alloys hardened by aging; the methodology was implemented on the EN AW 6082 T6 alloy. First, a finite-element (FE) transient thermal model was developed to simulate LHT by varying the process parameters (laser power/peak temperature and treatment speed). Second, the resulting thermal cycles were physically simulated by means of the Gleeble 3180 system. Third, the strength and the ductility of physically simulated specimens were evaluated through micro-hardness and tensile tests; to study aging effects, investigations were performed both (i) right after Gleeble tests (samples in the supersaturated solid state, i.e., as-physically simulated (APS) state) and (ii) after one week from Gleeble tests (aged specimens—T4 state). The obtained results show that there are peak temperatures that guarantee maximum softening levels for each investigated state (T4 and APS). The optimal peak temperature ranges are in agreement with the data in the literature, demonstrating that the proposed methodology is suitable for the study of softening phenomena on aging-hardened aluminum alloys.


This study presents a review on advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for simultaneous removal of NO and SO2. AOP is based on using a strong oxidant such as ozone and H2O2 which is able to generate highly reactive intermediates. The pollutant will be oxidized and removed by these intermediates. In recent years, AOP has been considered as an effective and attractive technology in the field of flue gas purification. In this paper, first, a brief overview on conventional methods for NOx removal is presented. Then the concepts of AOP are explained and the different AOPs are introduced. Since, H2O2 is widely used as   a chemical oxidant in advanced oxidation processes, the most attention in this article is paid to the advanced oxidation with H2O2. On the other hand, the photochemical method (applying UV light) for producing active radicals in advanced oxidation process has become an attractive issue in recent years. Thus, the main focus of this study is  on UV/H2O2  advanced oxidation process. The concepts, status of progress and attractive issues for future researches are discussed. .


Grounding grid is an important facility to meet the grounding requirements and ensure the safe operation of power plants and substations. The relative resistance of the grounding network branch is closely related to the degree of corrosion and directly affects its grounding performance. The grounding grid is equivalent to a resistance network. Then, the diagnosis equations can be set up, the measured resistance can be solved and the simulation experiment can be carried out. Finally, the corrosion fault of the grounding network branch is accurately located.


Thispaperanalyzes the private financing developmentstatusinJilin province,researchesthe drawbacksofprivate financing development in Jilin province and proposes countermeasures on private financing development in Jilin province aiming to regulate Jilin private financing development


Today, the general population consumes a diet high in sugars, saturated fats, incomplete protein sources, and the tendency to exceed the bodies caloric requirements. The trend of obesity due to poor dietary habits is alarming. Mental illness has increasingly risen over the past decade. Specifically, the incidence of depression has reached a startling rate. The relationship between poor dietary intake and depression have grown together and it is imperative that methods are introduced to aid in resolving this issue. The prevention and treatment of depression needs to be explored through alternative methods. Healthier dietary choices have been shown to have significant results in treating and preventing depression. NUTRITION ON THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION 3


Taking the peel and young leaves of Litechi chinensis 'Nuomici'at three different stages as material,its ANS gene was cloned and analyzed.The results showed that the anthocyanidin synthase(ANS) was a key enzyme in the anthocyanin biosynthesis.AANSgene was cloned from litchi pericarp by homologous cloning method.The open reading frame was 1 074bp,and encoding 357amino acids.The 1 279bp length fragment was amplified from genome and analysis,which contained five introns,respectively,in 504~708bp.It was found that the gene encoding for the protein had close relationship with mountain grape(Vitis vinifera),cocoa(Theobroma cacao),citrus(Citrus sinensis),and other fruit trees through phylogenetic analysis.


The B state excited resonance Raman scattering of tetraoxaporphyrin dication (TOP2+) was theoretically studied with DFT/TDDFT calculations and the sum-over-states approach of polarizability including both the A and B terms contributions. The resonance Raman spectra calculated with PBE1PBE, B3LYP, Cam-B3LYP, and B3LYP-D3 functionals are similar to each other in general, with PBE1PBE and B3LYP being better in reproducing resonance Raman intensities in comparison with the experiment. The calculated relative intensities of the totally symmetric modes are excellently consistent with the experiment. The TDDFT calculations manifested a considerable deformation of the B state along the ν2, ν6, ν7, and ν8 modes, which is responsible for the strong resonance Raman intensities of these modes. The resonance Raman intensities of non-totally symmetric modes were calculated to be weaker than the totally symmetric modes by one or two order of magnitude, which qualitatively agrees with the experiment. However, the resonan...


Born more than half a century ago, the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) embodied the collective identity and aspirations of newly independent nations in Africa and Asia. Since the end of the Cold War, NAM's relevance has been brought into question given the passing of the geopolitical context that motivated its creation. More recently, in the wake of the NAM's Tehran meeting in August 2012, myriad analyses have yet again questioned NAM's political effectiveness and legitimacy as an ideologically coherent vehicle for developing countries' definition of common positions on a host of global issues. Drawing from the literature on ontological security, I argue that NAM's enduring relevance, legitimacy, and institutional resilience are the result of some of its key member states' adherence to the core principles of nonalignment. Notwithstanding the profound changes in both the international system and in the political and socioeconomic contexts of most of NAM's members since the movement's creation, these principles have fundamentally shaped their postcolonial identities in international relations. I claim that NAM's contemporary resilience derives from the stabilizing sense of continuity that the movement provides by reifying developing states' shared identity in an increasingly de-centered and uncertain global order.


In the investigations[3][4], we use the binary van der Corput embedding β of natural numbers into unit interval [0, 1], which gives a low-discrepancy sequence over [0, 1], firstly introduced by van der Corput in 1935(cf.[7] pp 129), and construct a right continuous bijection F over [0, 1) conjugate to 3x + 1 by way of β. In this note, we investigate a right continuous bijection F over [0, 1) conjugate to the linear function ax+b, its 'finite bit approximations' which bring dynamics of interval exchange maps on [0, 1), and observe substitution dynamics and transducers associated with the approximations. As a result, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the minimality of the dynamics ([0, 1), F ) (Theorem 3.8).


Understanding the geochemistry along ocean ridges around the world can help scientists understand the spatial dynamics and evolution of the mantle. Building on previous sampling of the Pacific Antarctic Ridge, Hamelin et al. collected data on major elements; trace elements; and strontium (Sr), neodymium (Nd), and hafnium (Hf) isotopes in basalts gathered along the ridge from 41° to 53°S. These were the first Sr-Nd-Hf isotope data collected in that area, a section of the Pacific Antarctic Ridge that does not have hot spots,which would affect the geochemistry.


The precessional switching process of a magnetic nanoparticle subject to external field pulses applied along the hard-axis is considered. The dependence of the switching probability on the external field pulse duration is investigated. The further application of a transverse field along the intermediate anisotropy axis of the particle is used to control the quasi-random relaxation of magnetization to the reversed magnetization state. The critical field amplitudes to realize the switching are analytically determined. The robustness of the theoretical prediction is verified by macrospin numerical simulations.


Myofibroblasts are granulation tissue fibroblasts bearing ultrastructural and biochemical features of smooth muscle cells, such as cytoplasmic microfilaments and α‐smooth muscle actin expression. They appear transiently during wound healing and more permanently during several pathologic situations such as fibrotic diseases. Transforming growth factor‐β1 has been suggested to be an important promoter of the myofibroblastic phenotype. Here we show that (1) transforming growth factor‐β2, like transforming growth factor‐β1, induces myofibroblast formation in vivo and in vitro; (2) transforming growth factor‐β3 acts as a negative regulator of the myofibroblastic phenotype in vivo but not in vitro; and (3) in vitro, the three different transforming growth factor‐β isoforms are equally able to induce α‐smooth muscle actin messenger RNA and protein expression in growing and quiescent cultured human and rat subcutaneous tissue fibroblasts. These data confirm that in vitro the behavior of the three different transforming growth factor‐β isoforms is similar, whereas in vivo transforming growth factor‐β isoforms possibly play different but complementary roles in myofibroblast modulation during wound repair.


This paper discusses the security commutation issue of the matrix converter first,and then studies the four-step commutation strategy for the excitation requirements of the brushless doubly-fed wind generator. On this basis,the CPLD is used to implement the hardware features of the four-step commutation strategy after the procedure and the preparation of the experiment in the MAX+PLUS Ⅱ development environment.


We describe a method to functionalize graphene covalently with 92% yield and 98% site-selectivity and strict spatial periodicity on the nanometer scale. This method could be extended to other functional molecules.


Many previous works achieved impressive reconstruction results on room-scale indoor scenes from multi-view RGB images, but capturing and reconstructing multistory, complex indoor scenes is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a fully automated pipeline for re-constructing large and complex indoor scenes with drone-captured RGB images. First, we leverage traditional structure-from-motion methods to obtain camera poses and reconstruct an initial point cloud. Next, we devise a divide-and-conquer strategy to utilize neural surface reconstruction under the Manhattan-world assumption. Our method reduces the point cloud's outliers and significantly improves reconstruction quality on low-textured regions. We simultaneously predict point-wise semantic logits for walls, floors, and ceilings. The semantic segmentation enables category-wise plane fitting and improves reconstruction quality on polygonal geometry. To validate our method, we use a drone to capture videos inside a large-scale, complex indoor scene. Experimental results showed our method achieved better PSNR in view synthesis tasks and higher floor plan IOU than traditional reconstruction solutions such as COLMAP.


This is the supplemental material to the paper titled "The Oligopoly Lucas Tree." It includes additional empirical, theoretical, and quantitative results. It also includes illustration for the numerical algorithm for our model solution.


To utilize maximum solar energy, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is much important for PV system. The paper presents a new MPPT method based on adaptive predictive algorithm which is superior to traditional Perturbation and Observation (P&O) method. PV output power is predicted to improve the tracking speed and deduce the possibility of misjudgment of increasing or decreasing the PV output voltage. Because PV output power can be obtained directly, close loop can be established so as to achieve a precise prediction. Simulations and experiments prove that proposed MPPT control can track the maximum power point rapidly, and the system can operate steadily with this MPPT method.


On the basis of sight type division of Meihua Mountain Nature Reserve,the sight structure was primarily studied,the results showed that Pinus massoniana,bamboo forest,Pinus huangshanensis were the key sight types of Meihua Mountain Nature Reserve,the 3 types areas and girths accounts for 60.48% and 46.79%,respectively;the area,girths,and mottles distributions were imbalance,especially in 3 types of key mottles,in the differences of mottle area and girth were evident;the farm and residence field and economic forest manual man-made and semi-man-made managemental sights fragmentation degrees were high,which showed that the mankind's managemental activities' disturbing was the key factor for the natural reserve's fragmentation.


In this bachelor thesis we propose a new form of user authentication based on images. We present a system in which a user logs in by clicking on a sequence of specific points in an image. In contrast to earlier work the user is not presented the same picture every time he logs in. He sees a new random picture showing the same object from a different viewing angle and in a changed illumination. We present an analysis of the security of the system. We further present a user study showing the usability of the system. Participants used the system to create an own password and to login with their password.


The synthetic process of the anti-pill flame retardant PET is described. The effects of adding quantity of anti-pill agent on the thermal behavior,physico-chemical property,spinninability and pilling resistance of chip and fiber are studied.The determine results of polymerization,spinning,weaving and pilling resistance show that the preparation process of chip is feasible,the spinnability is good.The pilling resistance of the textile which is spinning with the modified PET can reach 4.5~5 grade by adding 0.05%~0.3% anti-pill agent.


Professor Burt argues that mistrust pervades relations between attorneys and clients, though practical incentives and the formal norms of the legal profession lead both attorneys and clients to resist admitting this mistrust. Professor Burt further argues that the proposals regarding disclosure of client communications in the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct would add new incentives for such resistance and would exacerbate attorney-client mistrust. He suggests, paradoxically, that more stringent disclosure requirements might prompt honest exploration of attorney-client mistrust and might enhance trust in professional relations generally, even though attorneys would be required in some cases to forfeit clients' trust by disclosing their communications.


While many smartphone users experience social pressure to be available, only some perceive this as a burden. It was hypothesized that this form of social pressure is especially detrimental when it reduces self-control and hinders need satisfaction. Study 1 experimentally tested whether the fulfillment of intrinsic needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) in mobile communication mediates these associations. Results show that social pressure negatively affected autonomy and competence, but did not influence relatedness. Repeated-measures data from Study 2 suggest that social pressure leads to self-control failure, which is associated with reduced competence. This research is the first to develop and test a theoretical model of the effects of social pressure to be available on self-control, need satisfaction, and individuals' well-being.