This paper reports on an experimental work that was conducting empirical research to find out how the use of mobile device as a testing tool influences students' psycho-emotional state. We have conducted pedagogical experiment with Polish students n = 16 at Adam Mickiewicz University Poland. We have prepared an online test consist of four questions. The experiment was conducted in the classroom with PCs and mobile devices. Students were divided into control and experimental groups. The results showed that main difference between desktop and mobile technologies was a significant increase in mood coefficient after the use of mobile devices by the students.


The holistic role of forests going beyond the economic function, identified in timber production, substantiates the evaluation of forests' social and environmental dimensions. Consequently, biodiversity, landscape, hydro-geological security, and maintenance of cultures and traditions are among the manifold issues to be addressed in dealing with forests. Touristic and recreational role of forests is also associated with the disproportionate development of human activities, sources of pollution often correlated to a reduced quality of life. This paper aims at applying the benefit transfer methodology to estimate (from a financial point of view) the recreational and touristic value of wooded areas. The proposed approach relies on an extensive literature review including earlier published books, project' reports, scientific journals, and conference proceedings addressing the economic evaluation of forests. The reviewed methodologies are then rationally synthesized, adapted, and applied on two case studies in Tuscany, in an attempt to assign a value to forest's systems; however, only the recreational and touristic dimensions are considered. The ultimate purpose of this work is to emphasize aspects that were not yet properly considered in the financial appraisal of wooded areas, for a balanced management of natural resources avoiding deterioration and neglect.


Intensification of agricultural land use leads to riparian clear cutting, which disrupts stream aquatic-terrestrial linkages through the loss of terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM). POM is important for structuring habitats and serves as a basal resource for food webs. We studied the effects of agricultural land use on the fate and temporal dynamics of POM inputs and standing crops by comparing 2 agricultural and 2 forested reference streams for 15 mo. We used the C spiraling metrics downstream velocity of organic C (VOC) and index of retention (IR) to integrate information on the dynamics of benthic organic matter (BOM) with physical characteristics of the streams. Daily POM inputs into reference streams were 15 to 39× higher than inputs into agricultural streams, and mean standing crops of total BOM were significantly lower in agricultural streams than in reference streams. Agricultural streams had significantly higher standing crops of fine benthic organic matter (FBOM), but 1.8 to 3× lower coarse benthic organic matter (CBOM) than reference streams. The temporal dynamics of BOM standing crops differed between landuse types. BOM varied seasonally in reference streams but varied stochastically over time in agricultural streams. VOC was significantly faster and IR was significantly lower in agricultural than in reference streams. Further, VOC was mainly determined by benthic organic carbon (BOC) and transported organic carbon (TOC). Analyses of BOM and carbon spiraling metrics suggested that reference streams were more retentive because of terrestrial POM inputs and higher habitat complexity, whereas high discharge and hydrological variability limited the retentive capacity of the agricultural headwaters. However, total litter decomposition rates were high in agricultural streams. Our use of spiraling metrics to integrate physical stream characteristics with temporal dynamics of BOM provides a mechanistic understanding of how agricultural land use affects POM dynamics in temperate headwaters and highlights the importance of natural riparian vegetation to restoration efforts. This understanding is important in light of the growing concerns about the effects of intensive agriculture on stream ecosystems.


Human papillomavirus(HPV) type 16(HPV16) infection in human is associated with most cervical cancers,and expression of the early oncogenic proteins E6 and E7 is required to maintain the transformed state of the tumor cell.Therefore,E6 and E7 are appropriate tumor-specific antigen and target for vaccine-based treatment of HPV-16-associated malignancies.Using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR),amplify HPVE6 and E7 gene,construct expressing plasmids PET-E6 and PET-E7 which containing the early gene E6 and E7.SDS-PAGE and Western-blot result showed that the cloned gene were expressed under the control of T7 promoter in E.coli DE3.


The terminal phase of a rendezvous between a satellite and a spacecraft in a central-force e eld with a drag force that is linear in the velocity is considered. To simplify the work, we assume identical drag coefe cients on both. In this general setting, we linearize the equations of motion of the spacecraft and show that they can be transformed into a reasonably simple form. Under certain simplifying assumptions, they can be reduced to one second-order linear differential equation. We then specialize to the case of inverse square laws. If we assume that the drag accelerations are roughly identical on the satellite and spacecraft, we obtain a set of linear differential equations that can be solved in terms of integrals. This enables us to represent the solution of this version of the problem in terms of a state-transition matrix. The work is then placed in the context of various control models that have been developed in previous work. The kind of transformations presented may be useful in the analysis of problems having more realistic drag models.


Alumina insulators and dielectrics are required for a variety of applications in particle accelerators. Their use in high voltage devices, both pulsed and DC, is well established as both insulation and mechanical support. In accelerator equipment the alumina is usually used in ultra-high vacuum and hence charge accumulation can be an issue, especially when the alumina is near to the beam. To address challenges regarding surface flashover and high secondary electron yield in high intensity accelerators, surface treatments and coatings are being considered. This paper presents predictions of the influence of surface coatings, on alumina insulators, upon electric field.


The paper shows some new features implemented in SoePL-2012 DSGE model, namely explicitly modeled unobserved labour supply and observed unemployment rate. Our approach to labour market in the New Keynesian DSGE model follows papers of Gali et al. (2011); Gali (2011b), see also Christiano et al. (2010b). The Gali's idea has been implemented into medium-scale small open economy model estimated on Polish data. We analyze estimates of labour market shocks (the wage markup shock and the labour supply preference shock) and use the results to explain the evolution of unemployment in the period of 1999–2011.


Dr. Pandrowala raises concern about the preference of surgical modality. In our approach to intraventricular tumors, we have used both endoscopy and open microscopic approaches as complimentary to each other rather than preferring one over the other approach. Endoscopic approach avoided permanent shunt placement in 88% of the patients, in which endoscopy was used, whereas pathological yield (diagnostic accuracy) was 100% in our view. Histopathology of the tumor which represents its growth potential for invasion/recurrence is one of the important factors predicting the outcome. We preferred using histopathology to compare the outcome. As our study period started before the new World Health Organization (WHO) nomenclature, we preferred to use the old WHO 2007 classification in our study. We used neuronavigation in some of the cases for planning craniotomy and approach to avoid venous and sinus injury. By using the endoscopic procedure to get the biopsy and histopathological diagnosis in some cases of intraventricular tumors, second major microneurosurgical procedure was avoided in low‐grade nonprogressive and radiosensitive tumors.


In contemporary years, different watermarking schemes are proposed for image authentication and copyright protection. In images, any tiny change to the content is not acceptable; the embedding distortion has to be compensated for perfectly. In this paper a powerful Image watermarking method using DWT based on integrated normalized content based chaotic (DWTINCC) system is proposed, to obtain better digital content authentication, originality, higher embedding capacity, quality of the information and better robustness. The objective of the proposed integrated scheme is to examine how content image normalization and discrete wavelet domain based chaotic system procedure are used to enhance robustness of a digital image watermark especially for statistical attacks. The proposed integrated scheme consists of four stages. In the stage two image normalization is performed, to achieve the scaling and rotational invariance. In stage two DWT is applied on the normalized image. In stage three a block based content authentication scheme is adopted on the normalized image of stage one for image authentication and tamper localization. In stage four chaotic models is adopted on the stage three to achieve excellent robustness against any statistical attacks and to increase the security of the digital watermarking system. The experimental result shows that the proposed DWT-INCC method is more robust and effective even in the presence of various attacks when compared with many existing methods.


Ion pairing of [H3Ru4(CO)12]− with the quaternary ammonium groups of water‐soluble poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) gives the precursor of a nanocatalyst for hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation reactions in water. In hydrogenation reactions, "on water" effect is seen for substrates such as cyclohexanones, methyl pyruvate, acetophenone, and safflower oil. With these substrates, higher turnover numbers are obtained in water than in methanol. The cluster‐derived catalyst shows unique chemoselectivity, which is not seen either in a catalyst prepared through ion pairing of [RuCl4]− with the quaternary ammonium groups of the same polymer or in commercial (5 %) Ru/Al2O3. In contrast to Ru/Al2O3, the [RuCl4]−‐derived catalyst, or many other ruthenium‐based catalytic systems, the cluster‐derived catalyst is totally inert toward the hydrogenation of NO2, CN, and aromatic ring functionalities. In water, typical ketones and aldehydes could be reduced by using the cluster‐derived catalyst and formate as the hydrogen donor. Industrially important cyano‐ and nitrobenzyl alcohols could thus be made from the corresponding aldehydes. High‐resolution TEM data suggest that unique chemoselectivity is a result of highly crystalline ruthenium nanoparticles that consist mainly of Ru(1 1 1) crystal planes.


The authors compare the theoretical values predicted by two anelastic models with the recently observed ones of tides and the Earth rotation variations at M 2, M f, M m, Chandler wobble and 18.6 year frequencies. The response of mantle anelasticity at different frequencies is analyzed, and the observed results of space geodesy are used to constrain the theoretical models of anelasticity. The results show that Zschau's model can interpret the observed amplitude of anelastic Love number in the regime from the seismic frequency to the 18.6 year frequency. Based on anelastic model and ocean tide model determined by Topex/Poseidon satellite altimetry data, the authors also present the theoretical values of the tidal response at M f and M m frequencies in consideration of mantle anelasticity and non equilibrium ocean tide effects.


Abstract A concise and versatile approach to the activated form of (3S, 4R)-statine 6 and its analogues is described. The key steps involve reductive alkylation of (S)-O-tert-butyldimethysilylmalimide 12.


The major purpose of this research is to provide a refined understanding of the effects of a CEO's technically oriented functional background and...


Today production, sales and marketing focus to satisfy the customer demand. Product–Service System is an innovation strategy, shifting the trade centre from the physical products of design and sales to a system of the design and sales adding the objective to fulfilling client demands. The area of product design concentrate on the increase of consumer acceptance by configuring the product based on the product and the customer. As PSS has becoming the trend in industry, the researcher expects to plant the idea of PSS nationally in Malaysia. The acceptance will be measured from the variables; the perceived by customer, end-user involvement, perceived relative advantage, reciprocal trust factor, managing expertise and perceived behaviour control. The researcher fills the gap study of PSS acceptance by the consumer. To construct the theoretical framework researcher build in based on UTAUT, Roger's Theory, TAM, and TPB. Descriptive research is used. The sample uses 200 respondents to gain sufficient size to warrant statistical analysis. The data is gain from the result of questionnaire that has been distributed at the area of Malacca town. So it is consider the researcher used primary data from the questionnaire analysis result. The study generates data analysis by using SPSS for both pilot testing and actual survey. In order to identify the correlation of the objective and variable, researcher analysed based on t-distribution table and compared the value from the table and the value from the analysis result. To conclude the study, researcher includes the discussion, limitation, implication, and recommendation in the final chapter.


Amanita fense is described and illustrated as a new species from China based on morphological and molecular evidence. This fungus is mainly distributed in the eastern, northeastern and southwestern regions of China, such as Anhui, Liaoning, and Yunnan. It is characterized by medium-sized basidiomata, a buff to cacao brown pileus with long-striate pileus margin, pinkish lamellae, and ellipsoid to elongate inamyloid spores. This is the fifth taxon with pink lamellae within Amanita section Caesareae. We provide a comparison with similar species and a key to those taxa that have pink to pinkish gills in this section.


We proposed an all-optical linearized modulator model suitable for an integration platform. The linearized modulator is formed by an asymmetric Mach–Zehnder modulator and a carrier-separated waveguide. We focus on the suppression of both intermodulation distortion (IMD3) and second-order harmonic distortions (SHD). As a result, the third-order nonlinear terms of IMD3 and second-order nonlinear terms of SHD are entirely suppressed, leading to a spurious free dynamic range of IMD3 (SFDRIMD3) improvement of ~14 dB and SFDRSHD improvement of ~3 dB compared with a standard MZM model. The influence of large RF input signals, losses, and fabrication deviations are also discussed to prove the feasibility of the model.


This work presents the results of the PEICRE project, which monitors desertification in Niger. A previous project (PIK), carried out various interventions between 1984 and 1996, in the region of the Keita village in Niger, in order to reduce the effects of the desertification and land degradation processes. The CeSIA Institute evaluated whether the field interventions achieved the expected results. A Landsat Thematic Mapper image of 1984 and a Spot Multispectral image of 1995, were used to compare the two different types of vegetation coverage. A second aspect of the developed work concerned the erosion analysis, using GIS techniques and multisource data integration models. Particularly, satellite, meteorological and terrain data were fused to estimate the potential erosion in the studied area in relation to different years. Accordingly, both the image processing and spectral classification procedures and the developed hydrological models will be described. The models were applied to data collected both before and after the project development and the results will be discussed in this paper, considering the effects of the project in the land degradation processes.


scope cap in difficult cases has been de− scribed [1]. The use of this device to facil− itate endoscopic access to a pancreatic pseudocyst prior to drainage has not been reported before. We report the case of a 47−year−old man with abdominal pain 3 months after acute biliary pancreatitis. CT scan showed a 12−cm pseudocyst in the pancreatic body and in close contact (< 1 cm) with the posterior gastric wall with no collat− eral veins. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) showed typical pseudocyst findings and the optimal puncturing site was marked with a forceps. Using a therapeutic duo− denoscope, a small incision (triple−lumen needle knife) was made, but severe bleeding occurred (l" Fig. 1). Adrenaline 1 :10 000 (5 ml) was injected without success. We changed to a therapeutic gas− troscope equipped with a transparent cap. This gave a better view of the active bleeding, and after application of two he− moclips the bleeding stopped (l" Fig. 2). Noticing the appropriate and stable posi− tion obtained with the transparent cap against the posterior gastric wall, we decided to continue. Two centimeters from the hemoclips another small inci− sion was made with a triple−lumen nee− dle knife, and using this catheter the gas− tric wall was punctured (l" Fig. 3), lead− ing the guide wire into the pseudocyst (l" Fig. 4). Frequently, the best gastric compression site is in a difficult position for endoscopic drainage, and a freehand incision or puncturing technique may misdirect placement of the guide wire. However, we found that using the trans− parent cap a stable endoscopic position can be obtained and cutting and/or punc− turing can be carried out with more con− fidence. After leading the guide wire into the cyst we changed to a duodenoscope; tract dilatation was carried out and two 10−Fr double pigtail stents were inserted. We consider that the transparent cap can be a very useful accessory to maintain the position of the endoscope in cases of diffi− cult pancreatic pseudocyst access.


The E-and Z-isomers of 1-methyl-l-phenyl-2-neopentylsilene, generated by the sealed tube thermolyses of their anthracene adducts are stereospecifically trapped by trimethylmethoxysilane to give diastereomeric adducts. The temperature dependence of the ratio of the two diastereomers obtained when the silene formed from the pure E-or Z-anthracene adduct was trapped at higher temperatures permitted the determination of an activation energy for the silene isomerization. The activation energies for the E-to Z-and Z-to E-silene isomerization are 6 and kcal , respectively. The significance of these values is discussed.


This paper is directed to those interested in measuring trace metals in high-temperature particulate emissions. Particulate handsheet filters with satisfactory purity, efficiency, thermal stability, cost, strength (about 1 lb/in.), and flexibility for analysis of particulates in gases up to 800°C have been made with 99.2% Si02 Microquartzfibers. Almost all purity requirements for optimum atomic absorption and flame emission spectrophotometric analysis for trace metals have been achieved. The filters appear highly promising for X-ray fluorescence analysis but should be further evaluated. Suitability of the filters for neutron activation analysis is uncertain and should also be further evaluated. Dioctyl phthal-ate (DOP) aerosol efficiencies of 99 to 99.99% have been achieved by using fibers of various diameters. The filters are insensitive to humidity, insoluble In most acids and organic solvents. The handsheet filters have a slightly alkaline pH, but similar filters have been made on a papermaking machine...


We develop an efficient algorithm for net extraction. This algorithm is able to efficiently handle very large layouts even when memory is limited. This is done by effectively using disk storage. The algorithm has been programmed in Fortran and is superior to other existing net extractors.


This paper presents 5 GHz WLAN outdoor model and its parameters. The path loss used to determine service coverage is modeled by log loss model, and the power delay profile is modeled by COST 207 model. The parameters for the model are determined by measurements. The measurements are performed at common WLAN application places in campus environment. These environments present important data and make a criterion of other environments.


Raja Yoga literally means the "Royal Yoga" or "Royal Union" which is also known as Astanga Yoga and Classical Yoga. The Yogis of India discovered mystic secrets of mind through their inner experiences of Concentration, Meditation and Samadhi. The Raja Yoga sutra is an unparalleled work of ancient psychology, parapsychology and spirituality. It presents practical guidelines and disciplines for attaining success in every aspect of life leading to God realisation. In the view of Swami Vivekananda- Raja Yoga means the attainment of liberation by controlling the mind and the physical body. In Raja Yoga the mind and the body is controlled through the medium of some mental and physical disciplines. According to some Raja Yoga is the ultimate path for attaining liberation or union with God. Therefore it is called Raja Yoga – The king of all Yoga. Raja Yoga is consisted of eight steps i.e. YAMA, NIYAMA, ASANA, PRANAYAMA, PRATYAHARA, DHARANA, DHYANA and SAMADHI. Raja Yoga teaches us to uncover those experiences by observing the internal states through the daily practice of meditation. In Raja Yoga we do not need to believe anything because everything is based on practical experiences. The most practical utility of Raja Yoga is the physical and mental therapy. By keeping the physical body clean, flexible and well lubricated we can significantly reduce the catabolic process of deterioration. To get maximum benefits of Raja Yoga one has to combine the practice of yogasana, pranayama and meditation.


*Corresponding author: Dr. Seshadri Reddy Varikasuvu Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences AIIMS, Deoghar, Jharkhand-814142, India Phone: +91 81 0 61 45 001 E-mail: email@example.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2230-4676 All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted August 25, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.22.21262216 doi: medRxiv preprint


The system of e-learning has been developed by academics. But what is
wanted for the education system can be run more effectively and efficiently
without reducing the quality of that output is still very far from what is expected.
This is due to too large existing database systems without a process that can make
users more easily use it.
Data mining could be one solution for systems running on a database
search can be done using knowledge patterns better. The division process will
form the college search data more easily when viewed from different categories.
Starting from a system that is object oriented or a non-object oriented. Both
structural and non-structural.
The methodology used in this study is the waterfall model (water fall),
which combined with System Development Life Cyscle (SDLC). Ie by
performing systems analysis, system design, system implementation and operation
and maintenance of the system. Where is the fourth such system can be performed
repeatedly. While the programming language used to use PHP and MySQL as the
database. While the design using Macromedia Dreamweaver.


Change the tradition program craft, adopt the auto method and the manual method to realize common gap, then attain the purpose of the saving work、time and material.


Melt polycondensation was utilized to chain extend polytrimethylene terephthalate with 1,3-propanediol based fluorinated isophthalic oligomers, resulting in copolymers with retained microstructure. Our findings point toward the formation of a blocky type copolymer. In general, formation of block or segmented copolymers from melt derived polycondensation is a very challenging task due to the propensity for adverse randomization reactions. Supported by size exclusion chromatography, our copolymers are fully chain extended, with no presence of the initial components. Furthermore, thermal differential scanning calorimetry has confirmed that the melt characteristics of the starting components are retained. In addition, interaction polymer chromatography and sequence distribution analysis using 13C NMR supports a blocky backbone microstructure. Seemingly, intermolecular chain end condensation occurs, whereas transesterification is dormant. While these findings open up new doors for polymer/materials development...


To investigate the effects of high-temperature stress on the chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics of peony and to determine indicators for the rapid screening of varieties responding to high temperatures, three four-year-old peony variety, 'Fengdanbai', 'Huhong', and 'Yinhongqiaodui', were selected as materials. The photosynthetic curves (Pn-PAR) and fast chlorophyll fluorescence curves (OJIP curves) of peony leaves were measured at different times under high-temperature stress conditions (40 °C), the changes in the photosynthetic characteristics of different peony varieties under high-temperature stress were analyzed, and the heat tolerance of peony was evaluated. The results showed that 'Huhong' grew well within 16 days, while all of the other varieties showed obvious wilting at 6–9 days. High temperatures damaged the structure and function of the photosystem of peony leaves, indicating that the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax), apparent quantum efficiency (AQE), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and photosynthetic performance index (PIABS) all tended to decrease under high-temperature stress, while the rate of closing the PS II reaction center (Mo) and the absorption per reaction center (ABS/RC), the capture (TRo/RC), and the dissipation (Dio/RC) of light energy per reaction center showed an overall increasing trend. The ability to cope with high-temperature stress differed among varieties, and the heat tolerance was determined to be in the descending order of 'Fengdanbai' < 'Yinhongqiaodui' < 'Huhong'. The correlation analysis among the parameters and the analysis of the morphological change patterns in peony leaves concluded that PIABS, Dio/RC, and Mo could be used as indicators of peony tolerance to high-temperature stress. The results of the study can provide a basis for the screening of heat-tolerant peony species and peony heat defense in the Jiangnan area.


The intergenerational mobility literature, which investigates the income relationship between generations, assumes there is a strong tendency for regression to the mean. To test this tendency the first time, we used several different probit models. The results suggest that sons will have zero earnings in a year is strongly correlated with his father's income. Our marginal probit estimates vary between-0.05 and-0.10, which mean that a one percent increase in the fathers income causes up to a ten percent decline on the probability of the son having zero annual earnings at some point in his lifetime.


A new highly effective Gunn diode is offered. The power and frequency characteristics of Gunn diodes with two active regions (InP/sub 0.7/As/sub 0.3/-In/sub 0.4/Ga/sub 0.6/As) are calculated. The greatest efficiency /spl sim/14% and flow of target capacity /spl sim/15.5 kW/cm/sup 2/ are received on the diode with blocking metal cathode at frequency /spl sim/55 GHz; the width frequency of a range is /spl sim/53 GHz (from /spl sim/30 GHz up to /spl sim/83 GHz).


A swivel chair chassis comprises an upper cover (1), a lower cover (2), and a rubber spring disposed in a space formed by the upper and lower covers. The rubber spring comprises a main shaft (3), a rubber layer (4) is fixedly circumferentially disposed on the main shaft (3), and a cylindrical housing (5) fixedly sleeves the rubber layer (4). The cylindrical housing (5) is provided with a connecting lug (6), the connecting lug (6) is connected with one end of a connecting rod (11), and the other end of the connecting rod (11) penetrates the upper cover (1) and is connected to an adjustment knob (12). The chassis of the present invention adopts a rubber spring serving as a core member. Two ends of the main shaft (3) of the rubber spring are connected to a back through the connecting rod, and when a person leans against the back, the back applies a certain force on the main shaft (3) through the connecting rod to drive the main shaft (3) to rotate a certain rotation angle, and the cylindrical housing (5) of the rubber spring is fixed and still, so the rotation of the main shaft (3) enables the rubber layer to generate torque. A larger rotation angle of the main shaft (3) results in larger torque. The torque may drive the main shaft (3) and the back to restore the positions thereof, thereby implementing the adjustment of any angle.


The differential impacts of high stakes testing (HST) on curriculum, pedagogy, students learning, teacher professional development, and equity have been known in the literature, but its cancellation impact is not yet known. Situated in the post cancellation policy in Indonesian education system, this study seeks to explore the impacts of such policy change on schools, teacher pedagogical practices, and students' English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning. A multiple case study design was employed in three different high schools involving 3 school leaders, 3 English teachers, and 9 students in semi-structured and group interviews. Their voices were thematically analysed and constantly compared across cases. The results demonstrate shifts on: (i) the individual student's and school's reorientation towards their own vision and mission, (ii) curriculum driven and more varied EFL instructional practices, and (iii) more self-regulated learning activities among certain teachers and students. Further and wider scale investigation is required to look deeper on how these shifts occur among larger groups of stakeholders.


The study aimed to identify the factors associated with non-compliance because reasons mean causality of schizophrenic patient to psychiatric treatment. A descriptive study was carried on (50) schizophrenic in-patients at Ibn Al-Rushed psychiatric hospital, who had more than one admission because of their relapse in the period of 1/12/2013 to 1/2/2014. The data was gathered by interviewing the patients and their relatives or comparisons by using questionnaire which interviewing to describe the family factors, economic factors and the factors related to the patient himself and it was developed according to the related literature and previous study, the rated score of it was yes or no. The results of the study revealed that the family had important roles in the non-compliance and insufficient of the drugs in addition to the high cost of drugs in the private pharmacy.


Problem Based Learning model is one of the appropriate learning models to achieve the objectives of learning mathematics, namely being able to solve problems creatively. This research is an experimental study, namely research aimed at knowing the differences in learning outcomes from the influence of the Problem Based Learning model, and student achievement motivation on the learning outcomes of fifth grade students in the field of mathematics at SDN Jemundo I and SDN Sadang, Taman sub-district. The subjects in this study were all students of SDN Jemundo 1, which were 238 students and all of SDN Sadang, which were 156 students. The samples or data sources in the study were the fifth grade students of SDN Jemundo 1 and Sadang, Taman Sidoarjo District, for the 2020-2021 school year. So the grouping of research subjects can be in the form of an experimental group, namely the fifth grade students of SDN Jemundo 1 with a total of 25 students, namely 16 male students and 9 female students while the control group is a fifth grade student at SDN Sadang with a total of 25 students, namely 14 male students and 14 male students. 11 female students. There is an effect of applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model and conventional learning on the fifth grade students of Mathematics at SDN Taman Sidoarjo District. Based on the average, the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model is more effective on the mathematics scores of fifth grade students at SDN Taman Sidoarjo District


PURPOSE: A semiconductor memory device having a redundancy cell block tp improve redundancy efficiency is provided to improve the redundancy efficiency by replacing a defective memory cell with a redundancy cell of a redundancy cell block which is always activated. CONSTITUTION: A redundancy cell block(250) has a plurality of redundancy cells(RED20,RED21,RED22,RED23) for replacing a memory cell in case of a failure in the memory cell within a plurality of memory cell blocks(210,220,230,240). One of the plurality of memory cell blocks(210,220,230,240) is activated in response to a predetermined select signal. The redundancy cell block(250) is activated regardless of activation of the memory cell blocks(210,220,230,240).


Objective:To observe the shape and distribution of NF-like neurons in human fetal spinal cord.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining with monocleonl anti-NF antibody and imaging analysis were adopted in 19 fetal spinal cords.Results:The NF-like neurons in lateral horn of spinal cord migrated from central canal to lateral horn,and the NF-like neurons in anterior horn migrated from lateral to medial side.The density of NF-like neurons increased in early embryonic period,and reduced in later period of embryo.After 16 weeks,the cell body of NF-like neurons was round or oval,had a few processes with big and polarity nuclear.By 32 weeks the cell body of NF-like neurons were spindle shaped with tapered ends.The cell body gradually enlarged,while cytoplasm increased with nucleus moving centrally.The number of process were more abundant in 32W than in 16W.Conclusions:NF exist in developing neurons also.The density of NF-like neuron in spinal cord incresed gradually with the fetal age,and the shape become mature gradually witth embryonic age,suggesting 16 weeks of fetal age could be suitable for spinal cord graft.


In this study, DSSCs with various concentrations (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mM) of N719 dye have been successfully prepared using simple steps. The X-ray diffraction results of the TiO 2 film showed that it is polycrystalline with anatase phase (tetragonal system) having crystallite size of about 12 nm. The absorbance spectrum of the TiO 2 film and N719 dye at various concentrations was recorded by Ultra Violet – Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. The energy band gap of the TiO 2 film calculated by Tauc's formula was ~ 3.1 eV. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the TiO 2 surface shows a spongy-like morphology having open pores which can enhance the adsorption of the dye molecules the transport of electrons. The atomic force microscope (AFM) image and the distribution chart of the grains of the TiO 2 film show that the grain size was~ 82 nm. The DSSC prepared using N719 dye concentration of 0.5 mM achieved the highest conversion efficiency (η) of 2.504 %, respectively. Subsequently, the enhancement in efficiency was ~ 86 % compared with the conversion efficiency of DSSCs prepared with at N719 dye concentration of 0.125 mM and 0.25 mM.


Exploring some basic interactions in blending systems is of great significance for designing a blend with controlled structure and properties. This work attempts to analyze microstructure and molecular interaction in glycerol plasticized chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends by atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Our results show that the blending films are aggregated by spherical chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) blending nanoparticles. The size and aggregation behavior of these particles are closely related to glycerol content. The presence of glycerol gives rise to a continuous closing in Tg of poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan components, suggesting an improved miscibility of the blend. Strong hydrogen bonding interaction in the blend is observed and further distinguished by peak resolution. Moreover, more interesting evidence on the effect of glycerol in the blends is provided by monitoring the structure evolution of the blend at different blending steps using atomic force microscopy. The formation of strong hydrogen bonding network among glycerol molecules and polymer matrix was considered as the main driving force to result in the changes in the microstructure and miscibility of the blend.


The durability of eleven different water repellents applied on one sandstone type was studied after a long-term weathering at seven different locations in Germany. By measuring colour changes, it could be shown that the formation of black crusts, the deposition of particles and biogenic growth caused a gradual darkening as well as significant changes in total colour over time. Additionally, the water absorption behaviour was investigated with two different methods: applying a low pressure using the pipe method and capillary water absorption measurements from a wet underlay. Afterwards, the test results were analysed with four different evaluation methods: calculation of the protection degree from pipe method and capillary water absorption, determination of the velocity of water uptake during capillary water absorption and calculation of the damaged depth of the stone surface using single-sided NMR technique. The growing damaged depth leads to an increase of the water uptake velocity and to a decrease of the protection degree of the applied hydrophobing agents. Three protective agents based on isobutyltrimethoxysilane showed already after two years of outdoor weathering a clear loss of performance, which significantly increased after 30 years of exposure.


The self-interaction-corrected local-spin-density approximation is used to describe the electronic structure of dioxides, REO2, and sesquioxides, RE2O3, for the rare earths, RE=Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy and Ho. The valencies of the rare earth ions are determined from total energy minimization. We find Ce, Pr, Tb in their dioxides to have the tetravalent configuration, while for all the sesquioxides the trivalent groundstate configuration is found to be the most favourable. The calculated lattice constants for these valency configurations are in good agreement with experiment. Total energy considerations are exploited to show the link between oxidation and f-electron delocalization, and explain why, among the dioxides, only the CeO2, PrO2, and TbO2 exist in nature. Tetravalent NdO2 is predicted to exist as a metastable phase - unstable towards the formation of hexagonal Nd2O3.


With methacrylic acid as functional monomer,ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker,potassium persulfate as initiator,octylphenol ethoxylates and sodium dodecyl-benzenesulfonate as mixed emulsifiers,nano methacrylic acid polymer are synthesized by means of nano emulsion polymerization.The microsphere of the methacrylic acid polymer are checked with both the scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) and nano measurer system,and the results show that the optimal technical conditions for nano-polymer emulsion are: methacrylic acid 0.15 g,ethylene glycol dimethacrylate 1.7 g,octylphenol ethoxylates 0.03 g,sodium dodecyl-benzenesulfonate 0.015 g,potassium persulfate 0.3 g,Temperature 80 ℃,speed 300 r/min,the size of nano-polymer emulsion microsphere is about 120~180 nm.


Recent work on the interactive buckling behavior of compressed sandwich structures (Hunt and Wadee, 1998) is extended to orthotropic core materials. The variation of the material properties can tend to maximize the interactive effect such that overall and secondary localized modes are triggered almost simultaneously, giving rise to highly unstable post-buckling behavior in systems of practical dimensions.


Understanding the multifaceted relationship between biodiversity and land- use intensity is key to conservation policy. To begin to characterize this relationship in a tropical region, we investigated the bird fauna in an agricultural landscape in southern Costa Rica. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data show that about 27% of the land remains forested in the 15 km radius study region encompassing our sites. The rest was cleared about 40 yr ago for relatively small-scale coffee and cattle production, intermixed with other crops. Our goals were to: (1) compare the composition of the avifauna found in forest- fragment and open habitats of the countryside; (2) assess the faunal change that has occurred since deforestation; and (3) provide a baseline for future comparisons. We surveyed the avifauna of eight forest fragments (0.3-25 ha) and 13 open-habitat sites (1.0 ha each) in the agricultural landscape. The pre-deforestation avifauna was ap- proximated by the long-term bird list for the largest forest fragment (Las Cruces, LC; 227 ha) in the study region. We assumed conservatively that a species recorded in LC but not detected elsewhere occurred only in LC. Of the 272 locally extant bird species considered in this study, 149 (55%) occurred in forest habitats only. There was a significant positive correlation between forest fragment size and species richness for these forest birds. Of the remaining 123 species, 60 (22% of the total) occurred both in forest and open habitats. Sixty-three species (23%) occurred in open habitats only; the three nonnative species (1%) are in this group. Based on comparisons with larger forest tracts outside of the study region, it appeared that between 4 and 28 species (1-9% of the possible original totals) have gone locally extinct since deforestation began. The avifauna of open habitats was similar through- out the study region and did not vary with proximity to extensive forest. A substantial proportion of the native bird fauna occurs in a densely (human) populated, agricultural landscape almost a half-century after extensive clearance. There are, however, cautionary messages: (1) the common occurrence of forest birds in human-dominated coun- tryside (including both forest-fragment and open habitats) does not necessarily imply that these species maintain sustainable populations there; (2) about half of the species have little prospect of surviving outside of the forest; and (3) ongoing intensification of land use may greatly reduce avian diversity in countryside habitats. Nonetheless, countryside habitats may buy time for the conservation of some species; at best, they may even sustain a moderate fraction of the native biota.


Abstract The authors describe the frequency of vascular abnormalities and dynamic circulatory changes encountered in 27 patients with a variety of cerebral inflammatory diseases. Patients with meningitis demonstrated vasoconstriction of blood vessels at the base of the brain, the periphery, or both. Vasodilatation was frequently seen as well. Hypervascular patterns of three different etiologies, described in the text, were observed in 12 patients.


Teamwork involves multi-agents collaborating with each other to achieve their common goals. Generally, BDI, DCOP and DEC-POMDP are three main frameworks specially designed for teamwork, which model the interactions and decision-making process from different perspectives, such as intentions, domain knowledge, or rewarded utility. Some novel progresses in the study of these approaches emerged recent years, including enhanced expression capability and improved computational efficiency, which greatly improve the ability to handle practical problems of these approaches. This paper will review these progresses.


Following the development of hydropower station with giant hydro-generator unit and large-sized tunnel in China,the occurrence of tunnel with super large-sized cross-section makes its construction facing with an austere challenge.As one of the key facilities of a hydropower station,tunnel places an important role in the construction diversion and flood discharge of it.An ANSYS based numerical simulation is made on the excavation of large-sized tunnel herein,so as to make sure of the distribution of the displacement field of a large-sized tunnel and select a relevant appropriate excavation scheme.This has a very important significance for ensuring construction safety and speeding up construction progress.


This article examines several key challenges that face Pacific leaders and other stakeholders in their consideration of a regional human rights mechanism, including the important question whether a regional mechanism is at all necessary. The article draws mainly on material from six interviews with participants from the Pacific region working in government and academia to examine those key challenges. The article closes with some suggested requirements in order for a regional human rights mechanism to be effective in the Pacific.


The purpose with this essay is to reveal the recurrent debate about children's TV-watching and to investigate if and how teachers should use the TV as a help in the preschool education.


This paper presents a demodulation scheme using phase-generated carrier (PGC) for a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometric (FFPI) sensor with high finesse. The FFPI is constructed by a polarization maintaining fiber ring resonator with dual-coupler (PMDC-FRR), which can eliminate the polarization induced fading phenomenon. Compared with the former phase demodulation methods, the PGC scheme in this paper does not assume a two-beam interferometric approximation for the Fabry-Perot cavity, and can work at arbitrary value of finesse in theory. Two PMDC-FRRs with reflective coefficients of 0.5 and 0.9 are made in experiments for demodulation. Both the single-frequency and the wideband signals are successfully demodulated from the transmission intensities using the PGC demodulation scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that the PGC demodulation scheme is feasible for the FFPI sensor with high finesse. The effects of the reflective coefficient and the intensity loss to the finesse are also discussed.


The 2014 general election heralded a major shift in Indian politics. For the first time since Independence, India elected a right-wing party to power at the Centre and in several states. The Gujarat chief minister, Narendra Modi, won the election on the basis of the much-publicized Gujarat model and his track record of development represented by it. The chapter examines the genesis of this model and its role in shaping the emergence and consolidation of a BJP dominated political system, which has resulted in the exclusion and marginalization of minorities. It highlights the limitations and inconsistencies of this model and contrasts it with the development policies of the UPA government. It also examines the elitist and communal dimensions of the Gujarat model which has been a source of considerable disillusionment with it.


Functional Analysis of Mutahassaneen Area during Hajj 1427 Hijra Objective. This study highlighted the activity of Mutahassaneen Area during Hajj-1427 Hijra (H). Methodology. This Study was a retrospective observational review of those Hajj patients who stayed in the Mutahassaneen Area "a temporary ward opened adjacent to Al-noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, KSA, for 21 days for transaction of discharged Hajj patients from inpatients and emergency wards to their respective Hajj missions or groups". Subjects' demography, diagnosis, with dates and timings of admission and discharge was collected. Data was analysed by SPSS version 13. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results. Study included 619 patients with predominantly males 426 (68.8%). Majority of subjects 373 (60.3%) stayed ≤2 hours in area as well as ≤2 days in wards 355 (57.4%). Females spent lesser time than males in area (p=0.02). Males stayed longer in wards as well as in area (linear regression p-value=0.005). Circulatory system diseases counted maximum 186 (30%). A difference was found among stay of different diagnostic groups in area (p=0.05) as well as in wards (p<0.001). Arabic countries Hajjes weremaximum 186 (30%) and Iranian spent least time in the area (1.2 hours).Results. Study included 619 patients with predominantly males 426 (68.8%). Majority of subjects 373 (60.3%) stayed ≤2 hours in area as well as ≤2 days in wards 355 (57.4%). Females spent lesser time than males in area (p=0.02). Males stayed longer in wards as well as in area (linear regression p-value=0.005). Circulatory system diseases counted maximum 186 (30%). A difference was found among stay of different diagnostic groups in area (p=0.05) as well as in wards (p<0.001). Arabic countries Hajjes weremaximum 186 (30%) and Iranian spent least time in the area (1.2 hours). Conclusion. Males were predominant and females spent less time in area. Diseases of circulatory system and Hajj visitors of Arabic world were dominant.


T PRESENT is a child of the past; the future in a large measure, the fruit of the present. The threads of time are thus woven into the fabric of all undertakings. There is no area of industry where the imperatives of the long period so dominate patterns of development as in the field of wood and wood products. In their primary form of logs used for making sawnwood and veneer, the trees felled are usually more than eighty years old. Even today, when quick-growing species from plantations are increasingly employed for production of pulp, the rotation period is often thirty years. Increasingly, in the area of large application, which is pulp and paper, the raw material within the next decade can be identified with things already growing, there being no new substantial source of raw material which India can create within this decade. In its stately, unhurried movements, Nature decrees, therefore, that for a decade we should recline on our past. The future can be fashioned differently, and, indeed, must be, for opportunities in this industry to be significant in any global sense. But this study-taking its stand, so to speak, in the year I 969-must relate export potentials to wood resources which, coming of age in the next decade, have already taken root. In this view, the dominant factor in the study is the availability of the appropriate wood resources. These are measured in "inventories" of different tree species and the constraints, particularly the annual "allowable cut", which together determine the major parameter of annual raw material supply.


Genetic diversity was assessed in working germplasm collection comprising of 207 kabuli chickpea accessions for seven yield attributes. Wide genetic variation was seen in the kabuli germplasm for seven important yield and yield traits. Genetic diversity in the germplasm was evident in the form of 13 distinct clusters, out of which cluster I accommodated maximum number with 67 genotypes followed by cluster III with 62 genotypes. The diversity of the genotypes was mainly due to phenological traits days to 50 % flowering, which contributed 39.41 per cent to the total diversity followed by days to maturity (35.76 %). Variation is seed size (100- seed weight) contributed 14.29 per cent to the total diversity measured. The genotypes in cluster IX were the most divergent which was shown by their higher intra cluster distance (9.04) followed by the genotypes in cluster XII, VI and V. The diversity between cluster X and cluster VI was the highest as their inter cluster distance was the highest (27.25) followed by cluster XII and VI (26.05). Low inter cluster distance (3.86) was observed between clusters X and VII. The most promising and divergent kabuli germplasm lines LBeG 7, NBeG 855, ICCV 08313, ICCV 083308, ICC 15568 and NBeG 731 were identified for inclusion in hybridization for realizing desirable transgressive segregants.


Submitted for the MAR10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Sodium doped TiOCl as a realization of a multiband ionic Hubbard model1 HARALD O. JESCHKE, YU-ZHONG ZHANG, KATERYNA FOYEVTSOVA, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Universitaet Frankfurt, MARTIN U. SCHMIDT, Institut fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universitaet Frankfurt, ROSER VALENTI, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Universitaet Frankfurt — Using first principles molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the effect of Na intercalation in the layered Mott insulator TiOCl. In agreement with recent photoemission experiments, we find that the system remains insulating for all studied Na concentrations. Our calculations also explain the evolution of the spectral weight upon Na doping. This is possible due to a prediction of the Na-doped superlattice structures. In the search for alternatives to metallize TiOCl, we also carried out simulations of substitutions of O by F, Cl by S, or Ti by V (or Sc), respectively, but all resulting structures turn out to be insulating. We propose a description in terms of a multiorbital ionic Hubbard model in a quasitwo-dimensional lattice and discuss the nature of the insulating state under doping. Finally, a different route for metallizing TiOCl by doping is proposed. 1This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through TRR/SFB 49, FOR 412 and Emmy Noether programs. Harald O. Jeschke Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Universitaet Frankfurt Date submitted: 19 Nov 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


AbstractAn enhanced understanding of the pressurized pyrolysis process is of great importance for advanced coal utilization technologies. In this study, a nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis w...


The atmospheric boundary layer structure in the west and the southeastern periphery of the Tibet Plateau was analyzed by utilizing the intensifying sounding data encryption of the first phase of the JICA(Japan International Co-operation Agency) project.It is revealed that there is a visible diurnal variation of potential temperature profile over the plateau.The convective boundary layer reaches to the maximum in the afternoon and the stable boundary layer reaches to the maximum in the early morning.The stable boundary layers above Litang and Dali develop in the late afternoon,and then begin to enhance and reach to the maximum in the early morning.The super adiabatic layer appears with the convective boundary layer developing,while in Gerze the super adiabatic layer would exist till the stable boundary layer begin to develop.However,the super adiabatic layer is low thickness and has a relatively short time in Litang and Dali.Usually,the near surface moisture inversion occurs at night and early morning,and then gradually disappears after sunrise.With the effect of atmospheric heat,the profile of water vapor has a distribution similar to the potential temperature profile in the boundary layer.The mixing ratio has significant features of mixer layer in daytime,while diurnal variation profile of the ratio remains unchanged or slightly reduced.In the troposphere,where the three stations are dominated by westerly,atmospheric boundary layer has some significant east-wind flows and clear wind shear.


Presently,each kind of network teaching-supporting platform is not very perfect,particularly,the network notebook computer system designed by its exploiter has not been brought to the enough attention,so the computer's function which is developed is unitary, cannot meet learners needs.This thesis analyzes the function which an ideal notebook computer system should have,then designs a new notebook system model,and uses the correlative techniques to realize its function.


With financial aid from the Society for Libyan Studies I was able to visit Libya on special leave from the British Museum between 21 April and 11 May. The object of the visit was to examine early Islamic epigraphic material, in particular any that might contribute to a knowledge of the archaeology of Ajdabiyah and contemporary sites. One week was spent in Tripoli as a guest of the Department of Antiquities, one week with Dr Whitehouse's team at Ajdabiyah and several days at Cyrene, Tolmeita and in other parts of Cyrenaica. At Tripoli Museum a fine collection of Kufic gravestones collected in and around the city was examined. These can be divided into two chronological and stylistic groups. The earliest pieces of the period of Aghlabid and Fāṭimid domination (third–fourth centuries A.H./ninthtenth centuries A.D.), are roughly incised rectangular or irregular slabs of stone or marble. The Kufic is plain, ornament being generally limited to bifurcation of the terminals; however, elements of foliation are discernible, notably on an example dated 248/862 (Rossi, Iscrizioni arabi e turchi del museo di Tripoli (1953) no. I). By contrast, those inscriptions which belong to the Khazrūnid and Muwaḥḥid periods (fifth-sixth centuries A.H./eleventh–twelfth centuries A.D.) are carved in relief on finely shaped marble blocks of a distinctive elongated type. The lettering is in the floriated style with additional decorative devices such as loops and right-angled bends in the uprights. Borders are adorned with vine-leaf or geometric motifs. The apparently abrupt transition to this evolved type of funerary monument is striking evidence of the high cultural level attained in Tripoli soon after the rise to power of an independent local dynasty.


LTR72′s gene,a mutant of the operon of Escherichia coli heat-liabile enterotoxin(LT) was amplified by site-directed mutagenesis PCR,then the plasmid pLTR72 was constructed by inseting the LTR72′s gene into the plasmid pBluescript KS(-).The result of nucleotide sequencing showed that the cloned gene had positive reading frame and the 72th codon GCA was mutated to codon GGA.Secondary structure analysis of wild type LT and LTR72 demonstrated that they are same.


In 1993, two Eritrean girls living in Victoria were found to have been infibulated. This made many people in Australia angry. This rage prompted Australian Attorney-General Michael Lavarch to summon the Family Law Council (FLC) to research what was termed 'female genital mutilation'. In January 1994 the Council published Female Genital Mutilation*A Discussion Paper dealing with issues pertaining to the practices, described by the Council, as 'female genital mutilation' or 'FGM' (FLC 1994a). The Council's apparent aim through this Discussion Paper was to generate discussion in Australian communities on the topic, and to use this discussion to write a report to the Attorney-General. In June 1994, the Council produced Female Genital Mutilation*A Report to the Attorney-General. Included in this Report were the Council's recommendations for legislation (FLC 1994b). Both the Discussion Paper and the Report were published only in English, and community groups, individuals, and government and health organisations were offered two months to respond to the initial call for discussion. The Report stated that it had received 64 responses from 'government departments' and 'concerned doctors', and 12 responses from 'communities concerned' (FLC 1994b, 62 63). Only one of the comments from the 'communities concerned' was documented in the Report. This came from the Eritrean Community in Australia (ECA), which stated that the two months allocated to respond to the Discussion Paper 'essentially prevented adequate community consultation from taking place' (FLC 1994b, 2). In 1996, as recommended by the FLC in its Report, the Crimes Act 1958 (Vic) was amended (adding ss. 32 and 33), thereby legislating the Crimes (Female Genital Mutilation) Act 1996 (Vic). Similar legislation with similar 'consultative' mechanisms was enacted in 1996 in the United States (see Mendelsohn 2004, 1014 15) and Canada. England had previously developed the Female Circumcision Prohibition Act (UK) in 1985, but would amend this in 2003 to the Female Genital Mutilation Act (UK), relying on a single research paper and debate in parliament to suffice as 'consultation'. Scotland would create the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation Act 2005 (Scot) in response to a consultation that documented no comments from migrant/relevant/concerned communities. In 1990 the United Nations condemned female genital mutilation in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). And, while the 1994 consultation was taking place in Australia, the United Nations facilitated the International Population and Development Conference (IPDC) in Cairo, Egypt (see Manderson 2004). At the IPDC the Egyptian government was challenged as to its lack


Student dormitory health management is one of the most important work of students' apartments management.Apartment workers made a great effort to creat a civilized,clean and comfortable living environment for students.But the interior health status could not reach the ideal level easily.According to the author's experience,taking her college as an example,the author combs the difficulties from various factors of interior health work of dormitory management,probes countermeasures,to improve the work content and broaden the channels of work.


The analysis of structural particularities of nominally pure LiNbO3 : B grown with using of B2O3flux was performed by methods of Raman and photoinduced light scattering, infrared absorption andlaser conoscopy. It was established that the non-metallic element boron is included in the vacant tetrahedrals of LiNbO3crystal structure at trace amounts. In this case, boron substantially deforms the oxygen octahedra of the structure and changes their polarizability. It affects the nonlinear optical properties of the crystal. Boron, as an active complexing agent, structures the melt and aligns value of the distribution coefficients of lithium and niobium in the growing process. Boron in the tetrahedralsreduces both the number of NbLidefects and the content of multiply charged uncontrolled impurities in the crystal, enhancing the optical damage.


personally visited the scene of the outbreak, and partly from the minutes of the frequent meetings of the Imperial Commission which the Russian Government despatched at the time to Central Asia, under the personal presidency of H.H. the Prince of Oldenburg. For the latter papers I am indebted to the courtesy of Dr. Yassenski, who, after conducting the Russian Plague Commission to India, was appointed in charge of the plague measures in the Khanate of Bokhara. The scene of the outbreak was Anzob, a village near a mountain pass of the same name, which divides the province of Samarkand from the Khanate of Bokhara. It lies on a stream which falls into the Fan-Darya, one of the sources of the Zeriafshan River, which flows through Samarkand. It is 220 versts, or I40 miles, south-east of Samarkand, in a mountainous region most difficult of access, and some six or seven thousand feet above sea level. It was at the end of September, I898, that the authorities first heard of the outbreak, and on the 3rd (15th) of October a medical man, Dr. Aphramovitch, reached the spot. His inquiries elicited the following very interesting facts. At the end of August in a village called Marzitch, sixteen versts from Anzob, a boy named Shukur, aged 12, sickened and died after four days' illness. Ten days after his death his brother Shakir, aged 9, sickened and died also on the fourth day. A few days later their mother sickened and died on the third day. These were all the cases in this particular village. Two days after the last death a woman named Ashur Bibi, a relative of the deceased, came over from Anzob. She washed the body of the last patient, took part in the funeral, and received the customary present. Returning to Anzob, she became ill and died on the third day of the illness. After this cases occurred among this woman's relatives and among people who attended the funerals. The rapid spread of the disease was ascribed to Divine wrath, and one of the villagers, Hassan Rakhimof, induced the others to believe that the scourge was sent because, in burying Ashur Bibi, they had omitted some of the rites prescribed by the Shariat or traditional Mohammedan law; so the body was exhumed and reinterred with full rites. But the scourge was not stayed. Those who helped in the exhumation died first-among them Hassan himself, his three sons, their mother, his two daughters-in-law, his brother, and the brother's wife and son. The terrible mortality in Anzob may be judged from the fact that, out of a population of 387 inhabitants, only I5o remained alive on October 3rd; 237, or over 6i per cent. of the total, having died in about six weeks. Of 6o families, only 3 escaped without a case. It would occupy too much space to quote or discuss the symptoms the disease presented. Though they differed to some extent from those most frequently met with in plague in India, there seems no room for doubt that it was plague, particularly as the bacillus associated with the disease was isolated from some of the cases. The most interesting question is, How and whence did the infection reach this remote spot? Dr. Levin asserts that it could not have come directly from India. He suggests one or two other possibilities. The ordinary pilgrimage routes to Mecca being closed last year, it is faintly possible that pilgrims from Central Asia, making their way from Bokhara, through Afghanistan, to Bombay (sic), chose the mountain paths instead of the ordinary roads, but there is no evidence whatever of this. A second suggestion is that pilgrims from Bokhara (which has constant communication with India) may have visited the tombs of local saints or ishans, which exist both in Anzob and Marzitch. But a much more important point brought forward by Dr. Levin is the following: He examined every surviving inhabitant of both villages. In many he found buboes in various stages of absorption, or which had been opened and were in various stages of scarring. Now in several other persons, who had not been attacked in the recent epidemic, exactly similar appearances were present. These persons said they had been ill two, four, or even ten or twenty years previously. They described the illness as lasting from three to five days, and as characterised by headache, fever, pain, and swelling in one groin; the swellings suppurated and either burst or were opened by the " wise women " of the village. That the swellings were not venereal in origin was proved by the fact that children of 5 or 6 had had them. Neither syphilis nor scrofula was present in a single case, and small-pox could be excluded. Swellings of this kind were found in 30 people in the two villages above-named. The author of the report comes to the conclusion that there exists in these kishlaks, or mountain villages, an endemic disease, which he names "lymphadenitis femoralis suppurativa." Might not plague, he asks, have been introduced into tnis remote spot twenty years ago, and remained to give rise to occasional epidemics? Epidemics of this kind might easily escape notice. For example, last year's outbreak only became known by an accident. The villagers of Margif, though only eight versts (52 miles) from Anzob, had heard nothing of the appalling occurrences there until a month after they began, when 200 people had already died. They had run short of linen " for shrouds " (even to the last detail the story of these poor highlanders is gruesome and pitiful), and some of them went to Anzob toborrow some. It was they who reported the occurrences there to the authorities. Supposing, it is very appositely asked, they had not run short of linen? A whole village might have died out and the world been none the wiser. The last suggestion made by the author is that the recent outbreak was caused by imported infection from Bagdad, where, he states, plague was epidemic in 1873, and where there were many isolated cases at least as late as 1892. I have already trespassed far upon valuable space, and must leave the facts here brought forward with but the briefest comment. Their importance is obvious. It is certain that last autumn a concentrated and virulent epidemic of plague occurred in the region described; it is possible that the disease has been epidemic in certain centres there for many years past. Such centres in this region wouldbe closely analogous to the so-called endemic centres in the Himalayas, in Gurwhal and Kumaon. They would be the nearest, and most probably are the actual, centres whence the infection has during the past week or two been introduced into European Russia. By far the larger part of the traffic between Central Asia and European Russia passes through Astrakhan, and it is therefore not surprising that it is in the neighbourhood of that town that plague has made its appearance.I am, etc., London, AUg. 29tl. FRANK G. CLEAOw, M.D., D.P.H.


Fine holes are an important structural component of industrial components, and their inner surface quality is closely related to their function.In order to detect the quality of the inner surface of the fine hole,a special optical measurement system was investigated in this paper. A sight pipe is employed to guide the external illumination light into the fine hole and output the relevant images simultaneously. A flexible light array is introduced to suit the narrow space, and the effective field of view is analyzed. Besides, the arc surface projection error and manufacturing assembly error of the device are analyzed, then compensated or ignored if small enough. In the test of prefabricated circular defects with the diameter {\phi}0.1mm, {\phi}0.2mm, 0.4mm distance distribution and the fissure defects with the width 0.3mm, the maximum measurement error standard deviation are all about 10{\mu}m. The minimum diameter of the measured fine hole is 4mm and the depth can reach 47mm.


OBJECTIVE Rates of severe obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) are on the rise, and effective treatment options are needed. We examined the effect of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) on weight loss, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and program adherence in participants with type 2 diabetes who were severely obese compared with overweight (BMI 25 to <30 kg/m2), class I (BMI 30 to <35 kg/m2), and class II (BMI 35 to <40 kg/m2) obese participants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants in the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial were randomly assigned to ILI or diabetes support and education (DSE). DSE participants received a less intense educational intervention, whereas ILI participants received an intensive behavioral treatment to increase physical activity (PA) and reduce caloric intake. This article focuses on the 2,503 ILI participants (age 58.6 ± 6.8 years). RESULTS At 1 year, severely obese participants in the ILI group lost −9.04 ± 7.6% of initial body weight, which was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than ILI participants who were overweight (−7.43 ± 5.6%) and comparable to class I (−8.72 ± 6.4%) and class II obese (−8.64 ± 7.4%) participants. All BMI groups had comparable improvements in fitness, PA, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and HbA1c at 1 year. ILI treatment session attendance was excellent and did not differ among weight categories (severe obese 80% vs. others 83%; P = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS Severely obese participants in the ILI group had similar adherence, percentage of weight loss, and improvement in CVD risk compared with less obese participants. Behavioral weight loss programs should be considered an effective option for this population.


Sixty-four patients with lung abscess, admitted to the hospital from 1991 to 1995, were analyzed with respect to sex (47 men and 17 women), age (from 26 to 81 years with mean of 59), location (mainly RUL, RLL and LLL), predisposing factors (diabetes: 35.9%, malignancy: 21.8%. CVA: 18.7% and underlying lung diseases: 15.6%), therapy (medical treatment with antibiotics, 76.5%; antibiotics plus tube drainage, 18.8%; and antibiotics plus surgery, 4.7%) and outcome (mortality: 14% and recovery: 86%). Bactreiological study revealed that mixed flora were the most common organisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the single most common etiology in our study. However, Klebsiella pneumonia was the leading cause in our diabetes group (43.8%). In general, lung abscess is still a life-threatening disease if treated inadequately. Prognosis was based on the underlying disease and methods of therapy. Earlier drainageor surgical intervention was an alternative treatment, if conventional antibiotics could not control the disease appropriately. Based on this investigation, we suggest antibiotics that are effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa should be given in lung abscess when DM is not a predisposing factor. However, in DM patients, antibiotics that inhibit Klebsiella pneumonia must be prescribed. If patient has predisposing factors, more aggressive treatment including potent antibiotics, tube drainage or surgical intervention are given to prevent septic shock.


Unsafe chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) requires early attention, otherwise leads to various extracranial and intracranial complications. Petrositis is one of the complications of temporal bone due to unsafe CSOM leading to inflammation or abscess in the petrous apex along with involvement cranial nerves V and VI nerve and leading to a trio of symptoms like ipsilateral otorrhea, deep facial pain and ipsilateral lateral rectus palsy, this clinical trio collectively called as Gradenigo's syndrome. We have done retrospective study of 3 cases who were presented to our tertiary care centre ENT-OPD with symptoms suggestive of Gradenigo's syndrome. Cases selected by simple random sampling. Cases with ear malignancy was excluded from study. Cases were followed up for 3 months and results were analysed. Petrositis if ignored can lead to rare but fatal complication of unsafe CSOM. Common in males in third decade and the ear swab suggestive of common organism was pseudomonas. Medical management given as per culture and sensitivity report of ear swab and then followed by definitive surgery of canal wall down tympano-mastoidectomy with petrous apex decompression.


Geneva, which additionally has some considerable local ragweed populations; but also for the whole western part of Switzerland where this influence can be recorded. Especially affected is the region Ticino due to the ragweed pollen from neighboring Italian regions. The highest values recorded in Switzerland have always been measured in Ticino, but there were nearly no data about the spread of the plant in this region. Within aj oint investigation MeteoSwiss collected additional pollen data and the "Cantonal Museum of Natural History of Lugano" mapped the local distribution of ragweed. The result are 146 locations with ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in addition to the strongly invaded borders of the highway .M oreover the analysis of pollen concentration data with higher time resolution gave evidence that most of the ragweed pollen measured in the south of Ticino is actually coming from Italy .


International misunderstanding and misbehaviour occur because Americans often do not accurately perceive basic ways other people live. Far too often, business people and other Americans make unacceptable, offensive and costly mistakes because they are not aware of the cultural differences between the foreign host country and their own country. An inter‐cultural education model is presented that may be used as a guide to minimise risk in international business. At a minimum, the model, based on Korea, includes knowledge of the components in which most inter‐cultural differences are likely to occur. The components are geography, religion, history, communication, contemporary political setting and Korean military. The model may be adapted for other countries.


The ability of the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to reconfigure themselves makes them stand out and a preferred choice while designing an embedded system. The basic hardware architecture of FPGAs is the reason behind the availability of this unique feature. Most of the SRAM-based FPGAs supports partial reconfiguration (PR) feature. Many complex algorithms can be implemented using dynamic partial reconfiguration on FPGAs while occupying minimum possible area. Many applications implemented on FPGAs do not execute in a parallel fashion where different modules of the application are implemented over dedicated part of the hardware. Most of the time these modules are dependent on each other's result therefore they cannot execute in parallel and leave a big amount of the FPGA area sitting idle most of the execution period. We propose a framework based on Dynamic partial reconfiguration, which allows scheduling the execution of multiple logic designs over the same area of FPGA fabric. In order to validate the proposed methodology, JPEG compression has been implemented as a case study Zynq-7000 SOC using both proposed framework and a single static implementation. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology is quantified by comparing the FPGA resource utilization of the original JPEG compression engine design and that of the partial re-configurable prototype. The results indicate a significant reduction in hardware resource utilization where 34%, 39% and 66% reduction has been achieved in Slice LUTs, Slice Registers and DSP blocks respectively.


Background : Women who experience anxiety during pregnancy may have various symptoms of insomnia and decreased sleep quality. Objective : The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality and anxiety during pregnancy was analyzed and affecting factors. Methodology : This was a descriptive study. The study was conducted in the obstetrics clinic of a university hospital in Turkey between the dates of January 2020 and March 2020. 364 pregnant women matching the sample criteria at the time of the study were included in the study. The sample of the study consisted of literate primipara and multipara women who were at and over 12 weeks of pregnancy and the age of 18. The data were collected by Personal Information Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results : A negative, weak and statistically significant relationship was found between the state and trait anxiety scores and the PSQI score (p<.001). It was determined that as the age increased (p=.009), the risk of poor sleep quality increased in the participants who stated that they had sleep problems during pregnancy (p = <.001) and in those who had high trait anxiety scale scores (p = <.001) Conclusions : Poor sleep quality is a common problem for pregnant women. Anxiety, increased age, and reporting sleep problems in pregnancy were determined as factors determining sleep quality. These findings support the need for research to be conducted on sleep quality in the perinatal period by healthcare professionals to support pregnant women and infants better. Therefore, we recommend nurses pay more attention to sleep problems especially for pregnant women with anxiety disorders and advanced maternal ages, and to provide sleep consultancy.


The following paper tries to develop six major hypotheses in Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India. The paper tries to proof the hypothesis by collecting data from the fields on six sectors: oil prices, gold price, Cash Reserve Ratio, food price inflation, call money rate and Dollar price. The research uses these data as indicators to identify relationship and level of influence on Share prices of Bombay Stock Exchange by rejecting and accepting the null hypothesis.


Education is a continuous process which transfers the morals, values, and culture to the next generation. It is a powerful tool for social change and social mobility. It enables to develop, and build up the new generation of our nation. The distance education system is a crucial vehicle in the sustained development of a knowledge based society. Its potential for flexible education delivery, scope for self and life-long learning and cost effectiveness make it instrumental in meeting the needs of individual and communities at this juncture- in the rapid transition being made from the industrial to the information age. Now distance education centers are providing online course material and some other centers providing online teaching learning facilities. Computer can facilitate self-paced learning. It individualizes learning, while giving immediate reinforcement and feedback in CAI mode. With integrated graphic, print, audio, and video capabilities, computer can effectively link various technologies. Interactive video and CD-ROM technologies can be incorporated into computer based instructional units, lessons, and learning environments. Microcomputer systems incorporating various software packages are extremely flexible and maximize learner control. In the present paper an attempt has been made to describe the application of computer in distance education.


The purpose of this paper is to help develop a comprehensive understanding of the humidifier disinfectant
disaster from diverse perspectives based on...


Under the uncertainty of output and input markets,this paper forms a uniform framework to deal with firm's production behaviors and choices of the level of flexibility of a flexible technology and gives the value function of the flexible technology and the properties of the function.The results show that the value of flexible production is not lower than that of non-flexible production given the technological flexibility and the value of a flexible technology does not decrease with an increase in its flexibility given production behavior.Furthermore,under certain conditions,the value of flexible production is higher than that of non-flexible production and the value of a flexible technology increases with an increase in its flexibility.


An ideal biomaterial is expected to exhibit properties such as a very high biocompatibility, that is, no adverse tissue response. Also, it must have a density as low as that of bone, high mechanical strength and fatigue resistance, low elastic modulus and good wear resistance. It is very difficult to combine all these properties in only one material. Some metals are used as biomaterials due to their excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. Since the metallic bonds in these materials are essentially non-directional, the position of the metals ions can be altered without destroying the crystal structure, resulting in a plastically deformable solid. This is also an advantage when thinking about the device manufacture technology. The principal disadvantage of metals is its corrosion tendency in an in-vivo environment. Most metals can only be tolerated by the human body in small amounts even as metallic ions. The consequences of corrosion are the disintegration of the material implant, which will weaken the implant and the harmful effect of corrosion products on the surrounding tissues and organs. Some metals are used as passive substitutes for hard tissue replacement such as total hip and knee joints, for fracture healing aids as bone plates and screws, spinal fixation devices and dental implants. Some metallic alloys are used for more active roles, as actuators such as vascular stents, and orthodontic archwires. Metallic biomaterials can be conveniently grouped in the following categories:  Stainless steel  Cobalt base alloys  Titanium base alloys  Specialty metallic alloys Examples of ASTM standards for some of these metallic biomaterials are shown in Table 1. The first metal alloy developed specifically for human use was the "vanadium steel" but it was no longer used in implants because its corrosion resistance is inadequate in vivo. Later in the 1950s, 18-8sMo with very low carbon content (known as 316L) stainless steel was introduced and is actually widely used for implant fabrication. This alloy has a very good resistance to chloride solutions and poor sensitization. The castable CoCrMo alloy has been used for many decades in dentistry and, relatively recently, in making artificial joints. The wrought CoNiCrMo alloy is relatively new, now used for making the stems of prostheses for heavily loaded joints such as the knee and hip. Both alloys have excellent corrosion resistance.


This article explores the proliferation of nonfiction narratives which warn of an impending global pandemic of African origin. Through a reading of four texts — Richard Preston's The Hot Zone, Laurie Garrett's The Coming Plague, Richard Kaplan's The Ends of the Earth, and Jeffrey Goldberg's 'Our Africa Problem' — the author argues that such pandemic narratives reflect unease about the United States' current and future role in Africa or other non-Western places, after a half-century of largely unsuccessful 'development'. Second, plague tales reflect anxieties about environmental devastation in Africa and elsewhere. The article concludes that the most frightening aspect of these contemporary 'plague tales' is the solutions they suggest to the 'problem' of a coming plague.


The research deals with learning English especially grammar in online class. Therefore, undergraduate students' perception of learning English grammar online using Google Meet was investigated. The quantitative study was applied to this research. A survey research design was used to obtain the data. A number of 31 undergraduate students of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya took a part in this research as participants. They have ever received an English class in their early semesters as students. The participants were given the questionnaire through Google Form to express their perceptions. The SPSS 22 Statistical Package is used to tabulate the data using descriptive analysis. The result of this study shows that students have the perception that their grammar skill was improved during online learning. The students' expression towards learning online using Google Meet was positive. It is known from the result that students, in general, were indecisive to say the online learning was better. Moreover, their grammar skills development didn't influence their choice for choosing online learning. In addition, the interesting method and classroom approach was recommended to help manage the online learning about grammar using Google Meet.


We describe multiresolution Bayesian tests for spike detection in multielectrode recordings. We derive results for single channel and multi electrode data, and show that the use of the array model substantially improves the detection performance. The effect of signal and noise spatial correlation characteristics is also discussed. Our approach focuses on blind signal detection without any assumptions about the underlying signal parameters. It is therefore suitable for chronic recordings with electrode arrays where typically temporal and spatial nonstationarity of the extracellular waveforms complicates the estimation of the true action potential


The catalytic properties of monometallic and bimetallic Ru and Mo phosphides were evaluated for their ability to selectively hydrogenate furfural to furfuryl alcohol.


Diffuse X-ray scattering from the title compound, containing linear iodine chains, indicates the formation of I3 ions. These anions are disordered from their averaged positions. The oxidation number of the Ni atoms in this mixed-valence one-dimensional solid is 2.17.


The composition of the condensable products of lowenergy electron irradiation of methane was examined as a function of electron energy and other conditions. Practically no variation was found in product composition over the range 700 to 1300 v. Other variables were also explored. It was also established that no significant amounts of ethylene or acetylene were produced in these experiments. A lack of significant variations in product composition with electron energy, as determined by the applied voltage, indicates that a single primary process probably is responsible for the whole spectrum of products observed. The product spectrum obtained was compared with that observed in conventional radiolysis of methane, and considerable correspondence was obtained. This suggests that the effect of high energy electrons may involve, in large part, excitation rather than ionization. (P. C.H.)


In many industrial settings, a significant amount of data is generated from electromechanical systems and stored, without processing to gain valuable insights that could enable optimised production while bringing down maintenance cost to its barest minimum. Data mining techniques offer potential solutions to address this concern. In this paper, anomaly detection techniques using machine learning models such as K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Random Forest (RF) have been applied to vibration sensor data for early fault detection of industrial electric motors. The models relied on vibration data collected from sensors mounted on four bearings. Initial results suggest that the RF model outperformed SVR and KNN for the data set analysed, and can be a candidate data mining technology to implement for condition monitoring of electromechanical systems.


Genes encoding enzymes of the sulfate reduction pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae immediately downstream of sulfite reductase, MET6 , MET17 , and CYS4 , were sequenced in 12 wine isolates of this yeast. The MET17 alleles were identical in sequence to each other and to the sequence of the standard laboratory strain, S288C. For one additional commercial strain, a disruption of one of the MET17 alleles was found, but the other allele was identical to the consensus sequence. All 12 strains showed the identical five neutral base pair changes in CYS4 sequence when compared to the sequence reported for S288C. One strain contained an additional base pair change that led to an amino acid change. Two neutral base pair changes were observed in the sequences of MET6 for one wine yeast strain and three other strains had changes in sequence that were not neutral and altered the amino acid sequence. Regulatory regions upstream of these genes were also sequenced for a subset of strains. Several differences in noncoding regions were found, a few of which resulted in changes in putative transcription factor binding sites. Genes encoding different alleles were used to transform a corresponding null mutation of S288C and enzyme activity and hydrogen sulfide production evaluated. The CYS4 UCD932 allele resulted in faster fermentation rates and reduced hydrogen sulfide production when compared with the same strain transformed with CYS4 S288C . The MET6 alleles showed no effects on sulfide formation in a null background.


The Guerrero terrane (western Mexico) is composed of Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous plutono-volcanic and volcano-sedimentary sequences of the Alisitos–Teloloapan arc that accreted to the North Am...


Students who major in clinical medicine possess little basic knowledge in ultrasound diagnostics and have less time to study it.Therefore,it is difficult for the teaching.By Analyzing the characteristic of ultrasound diagnostics,we aim to improve the teaching method and heighten the quality of teaching.


The increased recognition of diversity within Western democracies has resulted in particular attention being paid to the representativeness of staff within public organisations. However, little systematic research has been conducted into workforce diversity in public organisations in the UK. In this article we develop criteria of performance on workforce diversity, and analyse the Best Value Performance Indicators for 2001–03 to evaluate whether employment in English local government is equitable with respect to gender, minority ethnicity and disability. Our analysis shows that the relative performance of councils varies markedly, depending on the dimension of diversity and the criterion of performance that is applied.


A prominent scholar of Icelandic law has recently observed that Iceland's membership in the European Economic Area (EEA) will most likely lead to the most profound changes in domestic law making since the thirteenth century. In a similar vein, many people, including MPs, have noted that the Althing (Albingi, the Icelandic parliament) is increasingly impotent in the legislative process. Government ministers dominate it. So does the government bureaucracy, interest groups and last but not least the EEA. There is a general feeling that Iceland's relations with the outside world have undergone a qualitative shift, that membership in the EEA implies lasting economic, social and political change. Therefore the authors of this paper turn to the subject of the relationship between the Icelandic political system and the EEA with a sense of excitement and urgency. We will present few, if any, final conclusions. Our goal is rather to outline the basic framework of the analysis, to review existing knowledge and to identify fields for further research. Our main focus is the impact of Iceland's EEA membership on the national chain of delegation and accountability. We start by dividing the chain into four steps: (1) Voters as principals and MPs as agents; (2) parliament as principal and cabinet as agent; (3) cabinet as principal and individual ministers as agents; and, finally, (4) cabinet ministers as principals and civil servants as agents. The basic issue is the impact, if any, of EEA membership on democracy in Iceland. Has membership altered the relationships between principals and agents, for example by changing the flow of information or altering reversal points? If so, what is the direction of change towards greater or lesser accountability? Our task is complicated by the fact that we must treat the fundamental and complex issues of national sovereignty and democracy under new and continuously evolving circumstances.


The Paper describes the selection and design development of a reinforced earth solution to the problem of supporting a new dual carriageway routed over sidelong ground,14.5 m above and parallel to ...


The paper deals with the design of a fuzzy controller for a DC motor based on its fuzzy model. In the first step of the design process the fuzzy model of the DC motor is built on basis of its measured input-output data. This model is then used for the design of fuzzy controller based on finding the optimal input signal sequences that will transfer the system from any point of its state space to the chosen end point based on the selected optimization criterion. The resultant Sugeno type fuzzy controller is of proportional character so in case if zero control deviation is required in steady state, it can be replaced by an integration component. Significant simulations results performed in MATLAB/Simulink have confirmed the correctness of the proposed design method and appropriate dynamic properties, invariance and robustness of the designed fuzzy controller.


The concept "one form, one meaning", whether thought of literally as a heuristic for concrete linguistic description or more modestly as a developmental tendency (not always attained in practice), is but one instance of our perennial tendency to reduce grammatical structures to ideal forms. It is spiritually akin to the reduction of syntax to simple, visually appealing geometrical diagrams, and to hard-core phonological structuralism. Let us briefly recall some of the problems with the latter. The original idea was that each phoneme could be decomposed into a set of binary features, each with plus and minus values, e.g. [ +voiced]. From the beginning, it was recognised that contextual sliding of the phonetic realisations could occur, but it was thought that the relational opposition was typically unaffected thereby (Jakobson —Fant —Halle 1951: 5). A major problem, it turned out, was that the markedness values were not stable across environments. Within the phoneme matrix itself, the value of one feature such as [ +nasal] could reverse the markedness polarity of another (e.g. favouring [ +voiced] at the expense of [ — voiced]). Even more crucially, adjoining segments and above all the larger syllabic and prosodic structure proved to have important influences on markedness patterns for individual features (e.g. [ +voiced] could be unmarked for stops in intervocalic position, but [ — voiced] could be unmarked syllable-finally). Problems of this type have also bedevilled the structuralist analysis of morphological systems. In this approach, grammatical morphemes are organised into paradigmatic sets (tense, aspect, case, gender, number, etc.), each containing two or more mutually exclusive categories such as singular versus plural or perfective versus imperfective, with appropriate distinctive-feature interpretations ([ + plural], [ + perfective]). Jakobson's early papers on morphology (e.g. Jakobson 1932) were representative of this strategy. The hope was that interference effects from one paradigmatic set on another, chiefly neutralisations, could be handled in terms of the internal, intrinsic markedness patterning of the affected (neutralised) set. Suppose that


On the basis of a sociological research the problem of the employment of University graduates by the example of Togliatti State University is analysed.


The heat-recovery coking technology adopts negative pressure and heat-recovery coking process,and coke oven gas,chemical products and harmful substance produced from coking are burned thoroughly in coke oven,which prevents coking fume from discharging to atmosphere in production technology,and wastewater from producing.The pollutant emission is much lower than the national standard,so that the environment and public health can be protected,and the clean production of coking industry can be realized.