Significant actions on the building stock are required to reduce energy consumption and emissions from buildings and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Consistently, the renovation approach of existing buildings could aim to obtain nearly Zero Energy Buildings or Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB). In particular, the solutions to obtain zero-energy buildings vary according to the reference climatic conditions and the technical-constructive characteristics of the buildings undergoing renovation. As part of a research project involving the Technological University of Panama (UTP) and the University of Calabria (UNICAL), this work presents a preliminary investigation aimed at identifying the most appropriate technological solutions to convert existing buildings in Panama into zero-energy buildings. In particular, the study seeks to characterize the energy demand of buildings in the research area, consisting of Panama City, and to identify a set of possible energy efficiency measures applicable in hot and humid climates through dynamic simulations. The preliminary results from the sensitivity and optimization analyses highlight the capacity of local regulations and buildings' capacity towards achieving zero-energy buildings by enhancing the efficiency of appliances, lighting, and air conditioner system, but also by implementing passive strategies such as the bioclimatic strategies.


I. ABSTRACT Analysing Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl using queer theory, I want to show how movies are actually supporting the diminishing oppression that comes from the mainstream heterosexual culture towards queer culture. Matching the actions and images of characters inside the movie with queer's idea of liminal space in gender discourse, Sinfield's counterhegemonic power of queer, and Bulter's idea of performative gender along with its fluidity, I found that the movie proved to empower queer from the beginning until the end.


Many cities are developing mitigation plans in an effort to reduce the population health impacts from expected future increases in the frequency and intensity of heat waves. To inform heat mitigation and adaptation planning, information is needed on the extent to which available mitigation strategies, such as reflective and green roofs, could result in significant reductions in heat exposure. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, we analysed the impact of green and cool (reflective) roofs on the urban heat island (UHI) and temperature-related deaths in the Greater Boston area (GBA) and New England area (NEA) in summer and winter. In the GBA, green and cool roofs reduced summertime population-weighted temperature by 0.35 °C and 0.40 °C, respectively. In winter, green roofs did not affect temperature, whereas cool roofs caused a temperature reduction of 0.40 °C. In the NEA, the cooler summers induced by green and cool roofs were estimated to reduce the heat-related mortality rates by 0.21% and 0.17%, respectively, compared to baseline. Cool-roof-induced temperature reduction in winter could increase the cold-related mortality rate by 0.096% compared to baseline. These results suggest that both green and cool roofing strategies have the potential to reduce the impact of heat on premature deaths. Additionally, the differing effects in winter suggest the need for a careful consideration of health trade-offs in choosing heat island mitigation strategies.


Germination, emergence, and early seedling development patterns were analyzed for red rice (Oryza sativa L.) and the rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Mars, Saturn, Lemont and Bellemont. Red rice had the highest germination percentage, fastest emergence rate, and earliest development of both shoots and roots. These results suggest that the competitive ability of red rice is based on these characteristics which enable it to preempt more resources at early stages of stand development. Interaction between red rice and Lemont or Mars was evaluated by comparing morphological and physiological characteristics of these plants when grown in pure stands and in 50:50 mixtures. Plant height, top dry weight, tiller and leaf number, leaf Area index, and leaf area duration of the cultivars were reduced significantly in the presence of red rice in the mixture. The effects of the interaction were detected as early as 28 days after emergence in the cultivars, first as a reduction in leaf area index and then as reduced top dry weight. When red rice was grown in mixture it produced more tillers and leaves and greater top dry weight than when grown in monoculture. These growth attributes may also be responsible for its competitive ability. Effects of end-of-day light quality on early growth and development of red rice, Lemont and Mars were examined in a controlled environment. Exposure of the base of the plants to red light at the end of the day promoted an increase in the number of tillers per plant. The magnitude of the increase was greater for red rice than for the


Helioseismology has allowed us to infer the rotation in the greater part of the solar interior with high precision and resolution. The results show interesting conflicts with earlier theoretical expectations, indicating that the the Sun is host to complex dynamical phenomena, so far hardly understood. This has important consequences for our ideas about the evolution of stellar rotation, as well as for models for the generation of the solar magnetic field. Here we provide an overview of our current knowledge about solar rotation, much of it obtained from observations from the SOHO spacecraft, and discuss the broader implications.


Conclusion Schizophrenia was associated with a greater variety of autoimmune diseases than was anticipated. Studies found evi-dence for a shared genetic etiology between schizophrenia and psoriasis. Despite that, we think that the study of psychopathol-ogy can amplify our understanding about the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and associated mental disorders. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their decla- ration of competing interest.


This research aimed to analyze the influences of economic growth and labor force to
unemployment rate in city of Bengkulu in 1995-2009. Test analysis used in this study is
multiple linear regression with the annually time series data in the periode 1995-2009.
The data used in this research is the sekunder data from the bureau statistic center city of
bengkulu.
Method analysis used is multiple regression analysis. Based on the research and multiple
regression analysis obtained the formulation as follows :
Y = 18,288 – 0,796 X1 + 0,027 X2.
Based on the analysis results and testing of hypotheses that are known to simultaneously
obtained Workforce, Economic Growth jointly influence the level of unemployment in the
city of Bengkulu. From the analysis with partial t test that labor force does not affect on
Unemployment rate in the city of Bengkulu. Economic growth has significantly affect on
the unemployment rate in the city of Bengkulu.
From the research obtained that coefficient of determination value is 0,411. It means that
41,16% variation of the unemployment rate in the city of Bengkulu explained by
independent variables, where 58,84% explained by other factor out of this model.


In this work, we propose a new radio resource allocation scheme called ODM-QPC (Opportunistic Dual Metric scheduling based on Quality of service and Power Control), for the uplink LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks. The scheduler aims to allocate efficiently the Resource Blocks (RBs) with maximizing the system throughput and taking into account the fairness among users, while subject to the SC-FDMA constraints. Providing QoS requirements is also presented. In fact, it allocates a maximum number of RBs to each User Equipment (UE) according to its target QoS. Once RBs are allocated to UEs, Power Control (PC) is then applied to the mobile's emission power without affecting the user's throughput. The proposed radio resource algorithm has several interesting proprieties such as maximizing the aggregate throughput with considering equity, satisfaction of the QoS of users and reduction of the user's power depending on the user's channels conditions on the set allocated RBs.


Erythema gyratum repens (EGR) is a rare and distinctive eruption which is widely regarded as a marker of internal malignancy (Rook, Wilkinson & Ebling, 1979). We report two cases of pityriasis rubra pilaris which presented in the classical form, but developed EGR during the resolving stage of the condition. Malignancy was not detected in cither case, despite extensive investigation.


The invention discloses an embedded wireless Mesh network router in the technical field of wireless networks, which comprises a hardware platform, a system software platform, a wireless Mesh network self-organization module, a user access application module and a management control function module, wherein, the hardware platform adopts an embedded design and consists of a core processing module, a wire network communication module and a wireless communication module; the system software platform works on the hardware platform directly and obtains all hardware system information and interfacesto a software working module so as to realize the function of the router; the wireless Mesh network self-organization module provides the function of wireless Mesh network self-organization; the useraccess application module provides the functions of user access and network application; the management control function module provides administrators with functions of managing and controlling on other function modules. The router of the invention has the performances of self-organization and self-recovery based on the current 802.11g standard and can finish the establishment of Mesh networks independently.


Inspired by the spatial cognition and localization mechanism of animals, this paper focuses on the organization method of topological nodes for place recognition. The topological map is constructed on the basis of graph by assigning each node with a set of features for localization, in which the inertial/visual odometer provides the required motion parameters. The mapping matrix between nodes and various features is constituted to realize effective organization and utilization of empirical knowledge. The availability criterion of empirical knowledge and the corresponding location error are established based on analysis of the mapping matrix, which provides a priori probability model required in data fusion applications. The topological map of a campus is constructed with scene features and the place recognition result is discussed, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Positive diazo-type photoresists are a very attractive alternative to conventional electron resists such as PMMA. They can be used as both positive and negative electron resists with a resolution well into the submicron range. We first give an overview of the negative resist process and describe the effect of electron dose, optical dose and development time on the resist profiles. We then present a method of evaluation used to optimize the profiles. Several resist systems with a variety of developers were investigated with the goal of producing resist profiles with sidewalls approaching 900. One of our primary concerns was to maintain a forgiving process that was relatively intolerant to changes in processing parameters such as development time. The numerous processing parameters that come into play in the negative resist process are described and the specifics given for a few of the "best" resist/developer systems that we identified. We found that negative-mode diazo-type electron resists are particularly prone to intraproximity effects, but that these effects are dependent upon the particular resist system and developer concentration and could be minimized. The method of evaluation described here should enable the reader to systematically determine a viable negative electron resist system for his particular application.


The device comprises a main body 12 which defines a passage 18 communicating with an external region, a mouthpiece 14 and an integral nose clip 16 for holding the user's nostrils closed, the mouthpiece and nose clip preferably being so positioned as to simultaneously engage the wearer. The connection between the nose clip and main body may be resilient to allow for anthropometric variation. The device may be used with a re-breathing bag or with an air or oxygen cylinder and can also be used in respiratory testing.


The permanent magnet transverse flux machine (PMTFM) is characterized by power densities figures larger than the conventional electric motors and by a specific modularity. The PMTFM has usually a complicated structure with a true three dimensional (3D) pattern. In this paper, a PMTFM with a simple structure is proposed for a ship drive system and its performance are checked via a three dimensions finite element method (3D-FEM) analysis. The PMTFM's dynamic behavior is studied too. The obtained results are finally commented.


ABSTRACT The 2018 Italian general elections were a crucial test to assess the resilience of mainstream parties vis-à-vis the challenge provided by populist forces and the stabilisation of the tripolar party system emerged in 2013. The article analyses the outcome of the election, whose most remarkable result was the unprecedented success of two populist parties, the M5S and the Lega, by focusing on key aspects such as the new electoral system, the coalition-building process, the electoral campaign, the evolution of the Italian party system, and the analysis of vote shifts between parties.


This background of the effort to improve the learning process of the Qur'an is necessary because the Qur'an is the source of the law and the main rule for Muslims and grace performed MTs N 1 Palembang. The purpose of this research is to know and understand the role of leadership of madrasah head in developing the culture of reading al-Qur'an in MTs Negeri 1 Palembang and the impact of leadership role of madrasah head in developing the culture of reading al-Qur'an in MTs Negeri 1 Palembang. The research results obtained the following results: The role of leadership of madrasah head in developing the culture of reading the Qur'an in MTs Negeri 1 Palembang seen in the ability to coordinate the activities tahfidz al-Qur'an, in terms of problem solving in the program of culture al-Qur 'An, he gave authority to the concerned to solve it. The principal establishes communication with good language especially on issues in which the cultural activities of reading the Qur'an are concerned. The principal has given good motivation to the participants tahfidz the teacher in charge, both in the form of praise, trust and physical form. The impact of the leadership role of madrasah head in developing the culture of reading al-Qur'an in MTs Negeri 1 Palembang make the program of reading al-Qur'an culture focused on the activities of tahfidz al-Qur'an in MTs N 1 Palembang run effectively proven by many students Already memorized 1 juz even have 5 and 7 juz.


Indonesia is a country that rich of diversity and difference either ethnics, cultures, tribes or religions. With these diversity and difference, it then becomes a factor of integration and unity so that leads Indonesia to the independence of the state. However, along with the development of modernization, Indonesia experiences with a new phase particularly in 1998s when comes to the fall of new regime government and where the political desire is mainly contested along the freedom of tought and willed so that impact on the uncondusive social order. Since that periods and till today religious experience of multicultural society of Indonesia alaways comes with conflict and vio-lance. It then has inflicted restlessness and in-depth concern in the country which is full of pluralist endowment. Therefore, for the last decade Indonesia is not only renowned as the state with "Bhineka Tunggal Eka" but also the numerous challenges and problems resulted from ethnic, religion, socio-cultural diversity (plural). Existence of pluralism and multiculturalism in Indonesia will be in danger. Such condition constitutes the effect of modernization and globalization for bringing such changes in thinking by religious people who tend to be agresive and exclusive. The condition needs serious concern by all elements starting from government, religious figure, people figure and all social communities in general as a blockhouse of multiculturalism and pluralism. As an approach used by Muslim and Hindu people in Bali when there is an unfortunate outbreak of Bom Legian (Legian Bombing), they involves all elements so that humanity, just, equality problem are quickly accomplished and Bali can raise again to become a glowing and beautiful Bali and can be used as one of the references to build religious in


The achievement of equality is and has been a hard task throughout history. In fact, although current situation is clearly better than in the past, there are yet situations where we can notice the existence of discrimination. One of the most significant is the disability discrimination. In that way we attend to the creation of several regulations and International documents such as UN Convention about disabled people, which try to alleviate this issue. In this context, one of the most clear indicators of the social advance in terms of elimination of discrimination is the analysis of the educational system articulation, regarding as much integration as accesibility. This paper tends to contribute to this task.


The exploration of the South China Sea Silk Road began in the Western Han Peniod. During the times of the Song.the Yuan and the Ming this road had progressed fully as China's economic centre moved south ward and the land Silk Road fell gradually. There were three land routes from ancient Luoyang to the South China Sea Silk Road. The first route was from Hut n and Dongye to Luoyang;The second was from Guang Zhou to Luoyang;The third was from Burma via Yunnan.Si chuan to Luoyang. In that times many foreign envoys.merchants and monks, most of them were from Cambodia. Burma. Indonesia. India and Egpty etc and traveled to China by sea,reached ancient Luoyang along the three land routes.


Jackie A. Cassell MRCP(UK), Jo Middleton MRes, Ananth Nalabanda MRCGP , Stefania Lanza MA, Michael G. Head PhD, Jennifer Bostock MA, Kirsty Hewitt MSc, Christopher Iain Jones PhD, Charles Darley FRCP(UK), Simran Karir MSc, Stephen L. Walker MRCP(UK) Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School Surrey and Sussex Health Protection Team, Public Health England School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Faculty of Medicine and Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton 5 London Public Health England South East Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine


Interviews which collected data on dietary patterns were conducted with 317 rural Malay females age 55 and older. Cultivated, wild, and purchased foods all contributed to the household food supplies of subjects. Over 90% reported eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner daily, while daily snacking patterns were less consistent. Estimates of food intake frequency indicate that a variety of foods were eaten by these women. The most frequently consumed foods were rice, cooking oil, dried anchovies, sugar, and fresh fish. Intake frequency for individual food items tended to decrease with increasing age but increase with increasing income.


Stock brokers are entrepreneurs who incur switching costs when the change brokerage houses. We use Helsinki Stock Exchange data to investigate these costs by examining whether investors are loyal to their brokers when brokers move. We find that investors who have extant relationships with the new house are more likely to attract the investors from the old houses, and savvy (knowledgeable) investors are more likely to stay with their broker.


The ``Management of Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization By-Products in Underground Mines`` program is one of the largest programs ever undertaken by the Mining Engineering Department of Southern Illinois university, both in terms of complexity and in terms of funding. Total funding over the expected four-year extent of the program, including both Department of Energy, matching Southern Illinois University funds, and contributed funds, this program exceeds three million dollars. The number of cooperating organizations adds to the management complexity of the program. It was believed, therefore, that sound management plan and management base is essential for the efficient and effective conduct of the program. This first quarter period (i.e., October 1--December 31, 1993) was developed to establishing the management base, developing a sound management plan, developing a test plan, and developing sound fiscal management and control. Actual technical operations, such as residue sample acquisition, residue analyses, groundwater sample acquisition and analyses, and material handling studies will get underway early in the next quarter (i.e., January 1--March 31, 1994). Some early results of residue analyses and groundwater analyses should be available by the end of the second quarter. These results will be reported in the next Technical Progress Report.


Thank you for reading know or listen to those who know. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite novels like this know or listen to those who know, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their computer. know or listen to those who know is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the know or listen to those who know is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Objective. A functional haplotype of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) was associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Asian populations, but the results are contradictory in Europeans. We investigated (1) the association of 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located in exon 2 of PADI4 with RA in another Caucasian population; and (2) the association between PADI4 and anti-citrullinated protein (anti-CCP) antibodies. Methods. DNA samples were obtained from 405 French RA patients and 275 controls. All RA patients met the revised criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. PADI4_89 163(G→A) and PADI4_90 245(T→C) SNP were genotyped using a PCR-RFLP method confirmed by direct sequencing. All patients and controls were genotyped for HLA-DRB1. The presence of anti-CCP antibodies was tested in 243 RA patients using an ELISA technique. Results. We focused on PADI4_89 163(G→A) and PADI4_90 245(T→C) SNP that distinguished 2 main haplotypes: AC haplotype (PADI4_89*A PADI4_90*C) and GT haplotype (PADI4_89*G PADI4_90*T), described, respectively, as "nonsusceptible" and "susceptible." A positive association between RA and presence of the GT haplotype was found in the heterozygous state (p = 0.002) and the homozygous state (RA patients 22%, controls 13%; p = 0.005). A correlation was observed between the presence but not the level of anti-CCP antibodies and the GT heterozygous (p = 0.03) and homozygous (p = 0.05) haplotypes. No correlation was found between the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope and any of the PADI4 haplotypes. Conclusion. Our findings confirm those of Japanese, Korean, and Canadian studies and suggest that PADI4 may be a new susceptibility gene independent of HLA-DRB1 for RA in Caucasian populations.


The electron distribution function during the heating of a tokamak plasma at the first and second harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency is derived through a numerical solution of the nonlinear Fokker--Planck equation. A detailed study is made of the distribution function during the excitation of a steady-state current by electron cyclotron waves. This current is studied as a function of the input power. This functional dependence is crucial to the excitation of a steady-state current in a reactor.


The African catfish Clarias gariepinus was used as a model for wound healing and tissue regeneration in a scale-less fish. A temporal framework of histological and cell proliferation markers was established after wound induction in the dorsolateral cranial region, by removing the epidermal and dermal layers, including stratum adiposum (SA). Wound closure and epidermis formation was initiated within 3 h post-procedure (hpp) with migration and concomitant proliferation of epidermal cells from the wound borders. The wound was covered by this primary epidermal front 12 hpp and fusion of the opposing epidermal fronts occurred within 24 hpp. Attachment of the newly formed epidermal layer to the underlying dermis was observed 48 hpp concomitant with a second wave of cell proliferation at the wound edge. Normal epidermal thickness within the wound was achieved 72 hpp. Formation of a basement membrane occurred by 120 hpp with concomitant emergence of the SA from the wound borders. Wound healing in C. gariepinus skin involved closure of the wound and re-epithelization through cell migration with a single wave of early cell proliferation not documented in other species. Furthermore, covering of the wound by epithelium as well as the reappearance of the basement membrane and SA occurred sooner than in other fish species.


A new foaming method has been studied. With water as physical blowing agent, polystyrene(PS) was extrusion foamed. The effects of three key factors, the water injection rate, die temperature and screw rotation speed on the foaming property of PS product were studied. The results show that when the screw rotation speed is 20r/min, die temperature is 110 ℃, the water injection rate is 0.75 mL/s,we can get PS products with uniform bubbles, large cell density and small apparent density, the apparent density of which is about 0.25 g/cm3, and it has good overall properties. Finally, the foaming mechanism of the PS products was discussed.


The European Electricity Directive, like the Gas Directive of 1998, was updated in 2003 because of significant shortcomings and possibilities for improving the functioning of the market. Two years on, the authors consider the lack of progress towards a fully liberalised European market.


The workflow model is introduced,and the system structure of the general application framework of workflow is proposed.The functions of the workflow application framework are described in the aspects of workflow definition,workflow execution and monitoring service,application program and system.The design of the workflow engine,router,communication mechanism of workflow are analyzed in detail,and the design of some interfaces and logic realization are given.


Generally, there are two types of working style, i.e., some people work in sitting conditions, and the remaining work mostly in a standing position. For people working in a standing position, they can spend hours in a day doing their work standing. These people do not realize that it can cause medical issues, especially for the feet, namely biometric problems. In addition, several doctors in Indonesia are already aware of this issue and state that the biometric problems faced by those kinds of people can be predicted from the load distribution on the foot. However, the tool used by the doctors in Indonesia to measure biometric problems is not a digital tool. Therefore it is very difficult to measure and predict the biometric problems quantitatively. This study aims to develop a low-cost static load measuring device using force-sensing resistor (FSR) sensors. The measuring instrument is designed in the form of a pressure plate platform which consist of 30 FSR 402 sensors. The sensors are placed right underneath the display area of the foot, 15 sensors on the soles of the left and right feet. Ten students from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University (five men and five women) were asked to stand on the platform. Each subject also measured foot length (FL) to estimate shoe size, foot area contact (FAC) for validation between genders, and foot type using the digital footprint tools. From the results of measurements obtained for the left foot in the medial mid foot area, i.e., in sensors 5 and 7, not exposed to the load, on almost all subjects except subject number 3 with a load of 0.196 kg on sensor 7. The highest average load occurs in the heel area i.e., sensor 1 measured 0.713 kg and the smallest average load occurs in the five sensors, with 0 kg. A static load gauge that is designed to be used to measure each leg area for subjects with a shoe size of 40–42 with low price to be held in hospital-orthopedic hospitals and biomechanical research centers.


The mathematical transformation for converting coordinates digitised from the Defense Mapping Agency 1:1 million Operational Navigation Chart, the 1:2 million Jet Navigation Chart and the 1:500,000 Tactical Pilotage Chart map sheets into latitudes and longitudes is described. A least squares adjustment is employed in order to improve the accuracy, and to provide a check on the quality of the digitisation.


We present a spectral analysis of observations of Cygnus X-1 by the RXTE/ASM (1.5–12 keV) and CGRO/BATSE (20–300 keV), including about 1200 days of simultaneous data. We find a number of correlations between intensities and hardnesses in different energy bands from 1.5 keV to 300 keV. In the hard (low) spectral state, there is a negative correlation between the ASM 1.5–12 keV flux and the hardness at any energy. In the soft (high) spectral state, the ASM flux is positively correlated with the ASM hardness (as previously reported) but uncorrelated with the BATSE hardness. In both spectral states, the BATSE hardness correlates with the flux above 100 keV, while it shows no correlation with the flux in the 20–100 keV range. At the same time, there is clear correlation between the BATSE fluxes below and above 100 keV. In the hard state, most of the variability can be explained by softening the overall spectrum with a pivot at ∼ 50 keV. The observations show that there has to be another, independent variability pattern of lower amplitude where the spectral shape does not change when the luminosity changes. In the soft state, the variability is mostly caused by a variable hard (Comptonized) spectral component of a constant shape superimposed on a constant soft blackbody component. These variability patterns are in agreement with the dependence of the rms variability on the photon energy in the two states. We interpret the observed correlations in terms of theoretical Comptonization models. In the hard state, the variability appears to be driven mostly by changing flux in seed photons Comptonized in a hot thermal plasma cloud with an approximately constant power supply. In the soft state, the variability is consistent with flares of hybrid, thermal/nonthermal, plasma with variable power above a stable cold disk. Also, based on broad-band pointed observations simultaneous with those of the ASM and BATSE, we find the intrinsic bolometric luminosity increases by a factor of ∼ 3–4 from the hard state to the soft one, which supports models of the state transition based on a change of the accretion rate. Subject headings: binaries: general — black hole physics — stars: individual (Cygnus X-1) — X-rays: observations — X-rays: stars Centrum Astronomiczne im. M. Kopernika, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warszawa, Poland; email@example.com Astronomy Division, P.O.Box 3000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland; email@example.com Stockholm Observatory, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden Department of Physics, National Space Science and Technology Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; email@example.com Center for Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; firstname.lastname@example.com


The effect of imidazole(C3H4N2) concentration and pH value on the material removal rate(MRR) in H3PO4 slurries was investigated.The effect of inhibiter on the corrosion behavior was investigated by electrochemical methods and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The surface roughness of the polished Ru disk was characterized by atomic force microscopy(AFM).The results show that the MRR can attain 6.2 nm/min and the surface roughness(Ra) of the polished Ru disk can reach 10.7 nm when Ru is in the H3PO4 slurries without imidazole.After adding imidazole,the MRR can reach 3.9 nm/min and Ra decreases to 1.0 nm.Imidazole can reduce the MRR of Ru,and obtain better surface quality.Polarization curves suggest that imidazole can promote the formation of the passive film on the surface of Ru,decrease the corrosion current and inhibit the cathode reaction.


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. MiRNA‐126 and miRNA‐146a have been described as having abnormal expressions in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. Polymorphisms in genes codifying miRNAs (miRSNPs) may alter the expression of the corresponding miRNA and, thus, interfere with susceptibility to DR. Therefore, miRSNPs in miR‐126 and miR‐146a genes could be associated with DR susceptibility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between miR‐126 rs4636297 (G/A) and miR‐146a rs2910164 (G/C) miRSNPs and DR.


There is a description of cholera epidemic and typhoid epidemic in Orenburg region in 1892 year in the article. The author analyses the activity of local government and doctors against the epidemics and reveals the reasons why this activity couldn't prevent it.


Electroless nickel deposition on glass beads was carried out by a new plating method without using stannous chloride, which needs a successive pretreatment with aminosilane and PdCl2. It was presumed that metallic palladium nuclei was formed in the initial stage and initiated the plating.


Behavioral models play a prominent role in specifying software systems by facilitating the abstract behavior views and analyzing the elementary aspects of a system. The sequence diagram, one of the key behavioral diagrams in UML, provides intuitive ways to capture requirements and scenarios as a sequence of events. The paper proposes a generic framework for effective code generation from UML models. The proposed framework acts as an interexchange format that helps to combine the structural and behavioral constraints of the system objects associated thereby facilitating consistent source code generation. Model Refactoring contributes to improve the software quality and productivity thus mitigating flaws in the system during the design phase itself. The case study presents the refactoring of online simulation of a mill optimization problem in a thermal power plant system.


The Critical Cluster Model (CCM) is a network optimization model that can be used to identify neighborhoods facing transportation difficulties during an evacuation process. It defines the Bulk Lane Demand (BLD) as the ratio of population to exit capacity that is adversative to the meaning of accessibility. Based on this context, this paper applies CCM to assess the accessibility of public bus network by introducing multiple bus lines in the certain road sections and considering the spatial distribution of population being assigned to each bus stop. The bulk bus line demand, as the substitution of original BLD, is therefore used to reflect the people's convenience in taking public buses. An application of CCM in accessibility assessment of public bus network in Beijing tests the flexibility of this method. Considering the importance of accessibility in urban transportation, the modification of CCM by introducing other factors should be the focus of further studies.


High reproducibility of volumetric measurements is an important prerequisite for follow-up of small lung nodules in order to differentiate malignant from benign lesions in a lung cancer screening setting. This study was aimed to evaluate the measurement reproducibility of a new software tool for pulmonary nodule volumetry. In an ongoing study, 147 pulmonary nodules (size 1.6-17.5 mm) were examined with low-dose multidetector CT (Siemens Somatom Volume Zoom, 120 kVp, 20 mAs, detector collimation 4x1 mm, normalized pitch 1.75, slice thickness 1.25 mm, reconstruction increment 0.8 mm). Two consecutive low-dose scans covering the whole lung volume were performed within a few minutes. Between both scans, patients were asked to leave the CT scanner, and the second scan was planned independently from the first one. For all visually detected pulmonary nodules with a diameter <20 mm nodule volume was determined on both scans using a software prototype containing segmentation and volumetry algorithms. Results from both scans were compared. Nodule volume differences were determined as difference between the first and second measurement and ranged from 169 to 87%. The performance of the diagnostic test was measured using ROC analysis. For the detection of a volume doubling the area under curve (Az) was 0.98, for a growth of 50% the Az was 0.89. Further refinement of the segmentation algorithm should lead to more consistent measurements in ill-defined nodules. In conclusion, volumetric measurement of pulmonary nodules in multislice CT data sets is a reliable tool for the detection of growth in small pulmonary nodules.


Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is broadly involved in regulating leukocyte immune function, principally by facilitating cellular activation in response to receptor engagement of antigen or of immune complex. Coffey et al. report on the discovery and characterization of (4-(3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenylamino)-2-((1R, 2S)-2-aminocyclohexylamino) pyrimidine-5-carboxamide acetate (P505-15), a novel, highly specific and potent orally available small-molecule inhibitor of Syk; they test the hypothesis that specific pharmacological inhibition of Syk kinase activity is sufficient to modulate leukocyte immune function and ameliorate inflammation in vivo. P505-15 potently and specifically inhibited Syk kinase activity in vitro (including whole blood assays), and ex vivo after oral dosing of P505-15, without inhibiting Syk-independent signaling. Submicromolar concentrations in blood, predicted to result in 67% inhibition of Syk, led to statistically significant anti-inflammatory effects in the mouse collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) and the rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models. Syk kinase inhibition by P505-15 mimics the immunomodulatory phenotype of Syk knockout observed in other rodent models of rheumatoid arthritis. These data suggest that the specific inhibition of Syk may be a sufficient and safe strategy to control immune function in inflammatory diseases. P505-15 is currently in clinical development for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.


OBJECTIVE: to highlight the importance of the surveillance and control of intrahospital infections. DEVELOPMENT: the antecedents of the epidemiological surveillance system in the world, as well as the characteristics of the main designs were exposed. The cuban epidemiological surveillance system that began in 1983 by collecting data of the hospitals with more than 100 beds was also described. Other aspects, such as updating, methodology, definitions, objectives, premises and proposals of future improvements in the system were


Photosynthesis, respiration and growth of two cultivars of carrot with contrasting ratios of shoot:storage root weight at maturity, were compared during initiation of the storage root at 20 o C. Partition of assimilate between shoot, roots and respiration showed no varietal differences by distribution between storage and fibrous roots was different from the time that the storage root could be morphologically identified (...)


To the editor. From the early beginning of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, clinicians have faced not only the respiratory complications of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID19) but also a series of vascular phenomena, which worsen the patient prognosis. Coronavirus-associated coagulopathy and thromboembolism represent one of the leading causes of death in these patients, through endothelial dysfunction and a hypercoagulable state. Notwithstanding data on vascular diseases during COVID-19 are scarce, alterations of parameters implicated in the coagulative process, such as fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), factor VIII and Ddimer, have been described. Major societies recommend routine use of thromboembolism prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or fondaparinux (if thrombocytopenia is present). Chinese data suggest that prescribing anticoagulant treatment according to high D-dimer levels and sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) score equal to or higher than 4 is associated with a favourable outcome. Also, some data showed that heparin exerts anti-inflammatory effects, which can help reduce tissue damages caused by cytokine storm. However, to date, no randomised clinical trials are available to indicate type, dosage and duration of anticoagulation treatment, specifically. Moreover, risk of bleeding and prevalence of haemorrhages (possibly due to preventative strategies for thromboembolic events) were not yet precisely determined in COVID19, even if HAS-BLED score is useful to estimate the risk of bleeding in other conditions. We herein report three cases of major bleeding, occurred in three patients with COVID-19 who were prescribed anticoagulant treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. For all our patients, indication for anticoagulant was present according to Padua, and CHA2DS2-VASC score scores. Case #1. 74-year-old male suffering from Parkinson disease, lung fibrosis, and hypertension was admitted to the emergency department for acute respiratory failure on April 17, 2020, and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. He was diagnosed with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (CHA2DS2-VASC score=3) and was prescribed LMWH (4000 UI, subcutaneously twice daily). Padua score was 5. HASBLED score was 2. He was transferred of care to our unit on April 18, 2020, where oxygen support was prescribed with high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) 40% FiO2 40 liters/minute. The patient reported an accidental fall, without apparent consequences on April 18, with CT scan results not showing anything significant, but for lung disease. Coagulation parameters at the admission were: D-dimer 0.30 mg/l (normal values 0-0.55 mg/l), fibrinogen 216 mg/dl (normal values 200-400 mg/dL), PT 64% (normal values 70-120%), PTT 33 seconds (normal values 2236.6 seconds), and INR 1.40. SIC score was 4. After one week he rapidly developed hypotension (blood pressure 85/45 mmHg) and severe anaemia (haemoglobin levels decreased from 13.1 to 6.9 g/dl) over three days. Coagulation parameters were: D-dimer 0.39 mg/l (normal values 0-0.55 mg/l), fibrinogen 135 mg/dl (normal values 200-400 mg/dL), PT 49% (normal values 70-120%), PTT 43 seconds (normal values 22-36.6 seconds), and INR 1.62. SIC score remained 4. He underwent a CT scan, which showed massive serum-blood collection (10 cm diameter) displacing the left kidney and hematoma with ongoing bleeding in the ipsilateral psoas muscle (see Figure 1, panel A). He received several blood and plasma transfusions and supportive care immediately, but unfortunately, he died after two days (April 28).


We study a narrow band type algorithm to solve a discrete formulation of the convex relaxation of energy functionals with total variation regularization and nonconvex data terms. We prove that this algorithm converges to a local minimum of the original nonlinear optimization problem. We illustrate the algorithm with experiments for disparity computation in stereo and a multilabel segmentation problem, and we check experimentally that the energy of the local minimum is very near to the energy of the global minimum obtained without the narrow band type method.


Nodulisporium sp. an endophytic fungus identified by 28s ribosomal gene sequencing isolated from a medicinal plant, Nothapodytes foetida was studied for its in vitro antimicrobial activity. Dual culture studies were carried out for antifungal activity where maximum antagonistic activity was against Alternaria alternata and Colletotrichum gleosporoides. For antibacterial studies, Gram positive and Gram negative human pathogens strains were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of Nodulipsporiumshowed appreciable growth inhibition mainly active against disease causing Gram positive bacteria.

 Key words: Nothapodytes foetida, endophytes, antagonism, antimicrobial, Nodulisporium, sp., pathogen, bacteria, minimum inhibitory concentration.


Abstract Injection of Triton WR 1339 into strain A/HeJ mice caused a marked increase in the rate of sterol synthesis from acetate in liver slices and an increase of similar magnitude in the β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl (HMG)-coenzyme A reductase activity of liver microsomes. The increases in sterol synthesis and HMG-CoA reductase activity were prevented by puromycin and were variably inhibited by actinomycin D. The mice showed a cycle in the rate of sterol synthesis and HMG-CoA reductase activity during the period from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. that was inversely correlated with changes in the rate of fatty acid biosynthesis. Treatment with puromycin prevented the cyclic increases in sterol biosynthesis and HMG-CoA reductase activity. The procedure used to determine HMG-CoA reductase utilized gas chromatography to measure 14C-mevalonic acid produced from 314C-HMG-CoA. Some of the properties of the enzyme system are described.


Humans routinely incur costs and take risks to help others. Current theories across the behavioral sciences explain prosocial behavior by assuming that people are rational but altruistic. However, ...


The invention discloses a dual-layer composite tube which belongs to a metal tube and comprises an outer tube and an inner tube, wherein an arc groove is formed in the inner side of the outer tube; an arc raised part is disposed on the outer side of the inner tube; the arc raised part is disposed in the arc groove; and a thickness ratio of the outer tube to the inner tube is 3:2. According to the invention, the structure is simple, clever and rational; the inner tube is made of a titanium alloy material, so that corrosion resistance and tenacity of the pipeline are enhanced; the outer tube is made of a stainless steel material, so that pressure resistance and the service life of the outer tube are increased; and the outer tube and the inner tube are combined for use, so that the composite tube has corrosion resistance, tenacity and pressure resistance, and the service life of the pipeline is prolonged.


Fluid mechanics is a basic course in science and engineering specialty. It is theoretical and difficult and contains many knowledge points, which are not easy to be understood for most students. In the construction process of excellent course of fluid mechanics, the multimedia teaching method, layered teaching mode, and heuristic teaching mode were gradually carried out in the traditional teaching practice. By introducing the CFD into fluid mechanics course teaching and combining scientific research projects with innovation practice activity, students'knowledge was consolidated, their understanding of fluid mechanics was strengthened, and their innovative ability was improved.


Changes in chemical composition and in saccodigestibilities in wheat straw and maize stover as affected by different alkalies (NaOH or NH4OH) for alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) treatment were studied. Both crop residues were treated with 1% H2O2 made alkaline with NaOH at 1.5% (T2), 4.2% (T3) or NH4OH at 3% (T4) level. The straw to AHP ratio was 1:5 In T2 and 1:2 in T3 and T4 treatments. The treatment time at room temperature for T2 and T3 was 6 h and 48 h at 70°C for T4. CP content of wheat straw and maize stover Improved due to ammoniation. The ADF In wheat straw and NDF to both crop residues were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by treatments T3 and T4. Treatment T2 Increased (P<0.05) ADF and NDF due to nutrient concentration resulting from 15–20% dry matter loss. AH treatments solubilized iignin significantly decreasing (P<0.05) the ADL. The extent of rumen degradability of DM, ADF, NDF and cellulose indicated effectiveness of treatment T2 followed by T4 and T3 Thus, NH4OH as an alkali and AHP treatment was superior to NaOH slnce it enhanced the nitrogen status of crop residues along with cell wall digestibility.


Radiative properties of lasing plasmonic bound state in continuum are analyzed. The topological charge of the lasing signal is analyzed in the far field as well as in the source plane of the finite sized plasmonic lattice. The physical mechanism enabling the coupling of the BIC to radiation continuum is identified. We show that while the BICs have their origin in multipolar resonances, their far-field radiation properties are governed by the position dependent dipole moment distribution induced by the symmetry breaking in a finite plasmonic lattice. Remarkably, this dipole-moment enabled coupling to radiation continuum maintains the essential topological features of the infinite lattice BICs.


The present paper will approach the design and analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for automotive electromechanical braking (EMB) system. Due to technological and cost constraints, for the PMSM prototype a slightly different topology of the rotor is proposed. Finite element method will be used for analyzing the static performances of the former topology, and compare them with the designed one. The dynamic performances, the losses and the thermal behavior of the two topologies machine will be also analyzed in a comparative manner.


The following text describes a new programmable singlechip digital signal processor for top-of-the-range digital audio applications whose architecture and features fulfil exacting requirements. The new digital signal processor (DSP) has been developed for hifi digital audio systems with an analog interface IC (AIC). It is fabricated in 2 micron CMOS technology, and a bond-out version is also available for development purposes.


The delivery system for Base Transceiver System (BTS) to strengthen the telecommunication network throughout Indonesia maritime country is needed to speed up the process due to uneven distribution of sufficient telecommunications infrastructure. PT. Gunadhya Rajawali Logistik (GRL) is a third-party logistics company that focuses on transportation and warehouse management and delivery for telecommunication equipment tools. Unfortunately, in delivering BTS installation part throughout Indonesia, PT. GRL received several warning letters and had to pay a penalty from one of customers, for being late in reporting the delivery proof. This study aims to analyze the root causes of late submission of Soft Copy of Proof of Delivery (SCPOD) to avoid penalty given by the customer and determine suitable solutions to improve the process. The approach used in this study is lean six sigma with the help of Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) roadmap. According to the interview with the employees related, the root causes of late submission of SCPOD are irresponsible drivers, indiscipline drivers in carrying out deliveries, and lack of data management in the transportation system. To be able to solve this problem, several proposed solutions can be applied. The proposed solutions to overcome the root causes that should be applied by the company are to hire a document control, retraining the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for drivers, utilize transportation management system application, and apply incentive systems for drivers. In the future, it is recommended for PT. GRL to have a minimum standard in recruiting the drivers for example only recruit who possess a minimum of high school education to ease the completion of administrative tasks.


The problem of indoor border detection based on low precision and noisy data is considered. A hybrid border detection method based on grid functions, mathematical erosion and parallel segments processing has been synthesized. The method efficiency investigation has been conducted in WeBots robot simulation software. The research results have shown high efficiency of the proposed solution.


AbstractIdentity, or how people choose to define themselves, is a popular lens for studying undergraduate persistence in engineering. Quantitative studies of engineering identity build on prior wor...


Aim: To determine the prevalence and perceived risk factors of anxiety and depression among employees and students at the Mariano Marcos State University during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine if significant differences exist between groups on the identified variables.
Method: This was a descriptive-comparative study that used a survey consisting of the screening questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Perceived Risk Factors of Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire (PRFAD). The developed, validated, and pilot-tested questionnaire was administered to 212 students and 114 employees during the second semester of 2020-2021. Descriptive statistics and T-test were used for analyses using p<0.05 as the significance level.
Results: Results showed that most students have mild severity of anxiety and depression while employees have none to minimal. Cultural factors like the adverse working environment, social inequalities and exclusion, and adverse media influences were identified as moderate risk factors in anxiety and depression. Moreover, there were significant differences in the prevalence of anxiety and depression between students and employees and between teaching and non-teaching employees. There were higher self-reported anxiety and depression among students than employees and among teaching employees than non-teaching employees.
Conclusion and Implications: With a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression among students, higher education institutions must strengthen their student welfare services. Also, employees' mental health needs must be considered by providing services to alleviate their anxiety and depression. A holistic and comprehensive policy on mental health promotion should be implemented to improve the mental health status of students and employees.


A finite element reconstruction algorithm for three-dimensional photoacoustic tomography is demonstrated to recover both the images of absorbed optical energy density and acoustic speed simultaneously. The recovered results show that the algorithm is able to reconstruct photoacoustic images quantitatively in terms of the location, size, optical and acoustic properties of the heterogeneous medium.


The control effect of vegetation on soil erosion at Dahongshan Iron Mine of Xingping in Yunnan Province is studied in this paper.The results show that the forest-grass vegetation is able to increase soil infiltration and quickly reduce soil moisture in order to control surface runoff.Through enhancing soil resistance to erosion,the fertility of soil is improved and the growth capability of plants are promoted.It is also shown that the forest-grass vetegation has obvious control effect on soil erosion.Compared with bare soil,it can reduce surface runoff by 63%~89% and soil loss by 70%~94%.It is significant for water and soil conservation in Dahongshan Iron Mine and other metal mineral areas.


We have measured the response of an array of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ intrinsic Josephson junctions to irradiation at 3 GHz. By measuring the dependence of the switching current upon the radio-frequency current for five of the junctions in the array we show quantitatively that the junctions have identical impedances at 3 GHz, this impedance being given by the inverse of the slope of the current-voltage characteristics.


This article shows that borderline patients can be effectively treated by a time-limited hospitalization and psychotherapy which sets clear limits within a neutral corrective atmosphere. Clarification to the patients that they have the capacity of choice of behavior is essential. Two case histories are included.


To facilitate cross-cultural research in the psychology of religion, a sample of 453 young people from Grades 8, 9,10,11 and 12 attending a secondary school within the provincial education department in South Africa completed the Francis scale of Attitude Towards Christianity. The data provide preliminary evidence that supports the reliability and validity of this instrument, and commend it for further examination across a wider and more representative sample of learners within other ethnic and language groups in South Africa.


Tobacco as one of the plantation crop commodities can contribute to state income, but on the other hand there are many things that become obstacles for farmers in increasing production and business income, there is no government support in controlling tobacco marketing patterns, there is no cooperative relationship between farmers and tobacco companies that mutual benefits, as well as some problems in tobacco farmer institutions. Research purposes To find out the current condition of East Java tobacco farmers, model for the tobacco area based on farmers' corporations in East Java and program in realizing a model for developing tobacco plantation areas based on smallholder corporations in East Java. The research objectives are: (1) to determine the current condition of tobacco farmers in East Java, (2) to develop an institutional model for tobacco plantations based on farmers' corporations, and (3) to develop programs to realize a model for developing tobacco plantation areas based on farmers' corporations. The data analysis method used in this study is trend analysis, description analysis. Research Results: Program implementation requires coordination and cooperation of various parties related to tobacco. Furthermore, at each stage of implementation, it is necessary to carry out periodic evaluations to find out the shortcomings so that adjustments and improvements can be made at the next stage and it is necessary to follow the rules that have been agreed upon in the memorandum of agreement.


Energy consideration is of primary significance in stability analysis of different magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) systems. It is well known that the energy associated with the waves in moving media may change the sign and become negative. For the negative energy wave to be excited the energy should be withdrawn from the system. Therefore, such a wave is a potential source of instability. In a conservative system, the instability can occur due to the simultaneous excitation of positive and negative energy waves. In this case, energy is transferred from the negative energy wave to the positive energy wave, allowing both modes to grow and the total energy to remain constant. Classical examples of such instabilities are Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in neutral fluids and plasma-beam instability in plasmic media. In this report we calculate the energy of the eigenmodes in ideal MHD and show that the coupling of negative and positive energy waves appears to be a universal mechanism of MHD instabilities in flowing media. Consider linearized dynamics of displacement vector ξ [1]


Hypertension remains the leading treatable global cause of mortality due to high incidence and poor control rates despite of safe and effective drug therapy.Animal studies do not support functional nerve regrowth after RF-RDN and accordingly clinical evidence verify that RDN leads to durable BP reduction.Renal denervation is safe, as up to 36 months after the procedure, there are no statistically significant difference in procedure-related adverse events, deterioration of renal function and adverse cardiovascular outcomeRenal denervation is efficient in reducing BP in patients with no drug therapy, independently of the number of antihypertensive drugs and phenotype of patient. This sustained and safe reduction in BP observed up to 36 months after RDN could be associated with lower rates of renal and cardiovascular events.


This paper proposes a method to enhance single population multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) by searching based on local dominance and local recombination. In this method, first, all fitness vectors of individuals are transformed to polar coordinate vectors in objective function space. Then, the population is iteratively divided into several subpopulations by using declination angles. As a result, each sub-population covers a sub-region in the multiobjective space with its individuals located around the same search direction. Next, local dominance is calculated separately for each sub-population after alignment of its principle search direction by rotation. Selection, recombination, and mutation are applied to individuals within each sub-population. The proposed method can improve the performance of MOEAs that use dominance based selection, and can reduce the entire computational cost to calculate dominance among solutions as well. In this paper we verify the effectiveness of the proposed method obtaining Pareto optimal solutions in two representative MOEAs, i.e. NSGA-II and SPEA2, with Multiobjective 0/1 Knapsack Problems.


The invention relates to an automatic target-scoring system and method for archery. The automatic target-scoring system for archery comprises a horizontal light path emitting circuit, a horizontal light path receiving circuit, a vertical light path emitting circuit and a vertical light path receiving circuit. Two scanning light paths with passive scanning heads and with light rays crossed are configured between the pair of emitting circuits and the pair of receiving circuits. The automatic target-scoring system for archery is simple in structure, the effectiveness and reliability of arrow landing position collection are high, the collection effect is good, the collection precision is high, and the system is high in safety and reliability.


This study examines the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the logistics management of fish-exporting companies across three significant cantons in the province of Manabí, Ecuador. The purpose of this research is to identify the benefits and major barriers to the implementation of ICT. A descriptive methodology with a quantitative approach was used, applying surveys to fish-exporting companies. The study findings indicate that high acquisition costs, organizational culture, and difficulty in using ICTs due to lack of training and knowledge are the primary barriers to the adoption of ICTs. In contrast, the benefits of ICT implementation include inventory turnover, cost and delivery time reduction, supply chain control, and increased international negotiations. The study also highlights that the usefulness of ICTs varies depending on the area of application. For example, in sales and customer services ICTs can improve commercial strategies and enhance customer satisfaction by delivering orders within agreed timeframes. In warehousing, ICTs can reduce idle time, increase stock flow, and prevent stock-outs. In finance, they can assist with budget analysis, cost organization, and access to statistical charts.


A case of congenital anterior urethral diverticulum is presented. The patient, a 1-month-old boy, had presented at birth with a swollen penis and inability to void. Cystourethrography revealed a large septated anterior urethral diverticulum which was subsequently resected. Diagnosis of this rare entity is best accomplished by cystourethrography. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to the prevention of infection, obstruction, and perforation.


PurposeToday logistics is an ever-growing multi-billion-dollar business, and logistics operations have been increasingly outsourced to specialised players. The intended aim of this paper is to offer a multi-method approach for estimating the size of the national logistics outsourcing market by building upon financial-reporting data of logistics service providers (LSPs).Design/methodology/approachThe proposed approach is structured into four steps, clustered around two main stages: framework setting and data collection, and processing. A combination of methods is offered, including a review of academic literature and secondary sources, focus groups, interviews and data extractions from national databases.FindingsThe proposed approach is meant to be replicable in different countries, thus allowing for comparison amongst markets. With reference to a specific country and year, the following outputs are provided: market size in terms of the number of players and generated turnover – total and split by LSPs type – and market concentration measures. A practical application of the proposed approach to a specific context, i.e. Italy is finally offered.Originality/valueThe study focusses on the logistics outsourcing market and considers financial-reporting data from LSPs, avoiding the need for introducing assumptions about the value of logistics operations for shippers. The proposed approach can contribute to strengthening the accuracy of LSPs' market analyses, and supporting the development of national policies by local governments. The adoption of multiple methods brings rigour and reliability to the study. Finally, high flexibility is ensured, as the method may be adaptable over time to cope with future changes in the logistics landscape.


The relationship between income distribution and growth is a fundamental concern of economics. Ricardo regarded the explanation of income distribution as the central issue of economics, writing that "(determining) the laws which regulate this distribution is the principal problem in political economy"(Ricardo, 1821, p.5). Robinson was also deeply engaged with the question of income distribution. Her work on aggregate capital and the aggregate production function (Robinson, 19534) played a pivotal role in launching the Cambridge capital debates of the 1960s, which challenged the intellectual coherence of the marginal productivity theory of income distribution. Robinson's was also a lifelong admirer of Marx, and believed in the relevance of class and class con‡ict for economics and the determination of income distribution. These twin concerns of Robinson contributed to the creation of an intellectual environment that launched the Cambridge theory of income distribution as an alternative to neoclassical marginal productivity theory. The Cambridge approach was originally developed by Kaldor (1956), and its key insight concerned the role of aggregate demand (AD) in determining income distribution. The core idea was that AD needs to adjust to the level of full employment output, and this is accomplished by adjustment in the pattern of income distribution. Pasinetti (1962) subsequently introduced class into the analysis, distinguishing between capitalists' and workers'income shares and the AD impact of their di¤erential propensities to save. However, though adding class to the determination of income distribution, Pasinetti's model is strangely devoid of class con‡ict in the traditional Marxian sense, that is, class con‡ict centered on the labor market and bargaining strength. In Pasinetti's framework class enters through behavioral propensities, with the propensity to save di¤ering across classes. This chapter adds traditional labor market class con‡ict. It is in this sense that it brings class back to Cambridge. The balance of the chapter is as follows. Section 2 describes the sociological structure of the economy and its relation to income distribution. Section 3 recapitulates the Cambridge Post Keynesian (CPK) theory of income distribution. Section 4 describes the Kaleckian extension of the CPK approach that includes less than


1. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics.- 2. Phase Transitions and Scaling Theory.- 3. Landau and Landau-Ginzburg Theory.- 4. Algebraic Methods in Statistical Mechanics.- 5. The Eight-Vertex Model.- 6. Real-Space Renormalization Group Theory.- 7. Series Methods.- 8. Dimer Assemblies.- A. Appendices.- References and Author Index.


Kometan Formation, in most localities, contains sporadic and rare chert nodules, but in Dokan area, these nodules become widespread and associated with well-developed and high amplitude stylolites. They are mainly distributed along or around the bedding planes. The long axes of nodules and stylolite surfaces are aligned parallel to the bedding plane. Field observations and statistical analysis (rose diagram of long axes) showed that nodule elongation and stylolites peaks have no any relation with the known tectonic stress directions of the area. Therefore, the growth of the nodules and stylolites are attributed to deep burial diagenesis of the rocks of the formation under vertical lithostatic pressure and not due to tectonic stress. This result contradicts the previous studies, which supposed that stylolites peaks have direction of north- south and east- west. Microscopic studies showed that nodules are developed by both displacement and replacement during deep burial. The microscopic criteria for emplacement are: 1- the limestone around nodules shows exceptional crowding of planktonic forams due to the dilatational relations with country rock. 2-They are associated with stylolites this mean that the nodules compressional environment is favored by nodules and stylolites on expense of host limestone. While the criterion for replacement include presence of partially dissolved and replaced forams directly at the contact between the chert and limestone. The local accretions of silica for replacement and displacement growth are assisted by diffusion and moving of watery solutions. The presence of widespread chert nodules and stylolites in Dokan area and their absence in other areas is attributed to exertion of the vertical lithostatic differential pressure at the Dokan area. While the surrounding areas were performed as pressure shadow or the pressure was hydrostatic type (equal in all direction). The load pressure is estimated indirectly by comparing with (CCD) pressure under which limestone dissolve and silica increase in deep oceans.


Edi tor's Note: For the past four years Mr. Noer has investigated the value of various fertilizers in relation to golf turf at the Soils Department, University of Wisconsin. under a fellowship established by the City of Milwaukee. , tained 2 per cent nitrogen (heavily fertilized turf frequently contains even more) 70 pounds of nitrogen were remaved, equivalent to 350 pounds sulphate of ammonia. The large amount of nitrogen removed from greens during a season is rarely appreciated. Nitrogen is the most essential plant food element, and fortunately need for nitrogen is most easily recognized. It is responsible for active vegetative growth and dark green color. Occasionally only the tip ends of the stolons on vegetative greens are dark green and the main stems are devoid of color. Here the need is so acute that the plant moves nitrogen from the older portion of the stems to the growing tips. In order to maintain uniform growth the turf must obtain a uniform and continuous supply of nitrogen. It is not feasible to build up large reserves of nitrogen in the soil because of the danger of loss from leaching and denitrification. This danger exists even with insoluble organic nitrogen, because it is converted into soluble forms by bacteria in the soil, and if the amount is larger than the turf roots can take up and utilize, loss occurs.


This paper investigates the current situation of Henan rural school physical education from the perspective of new countryside construction by means of questionnaire.Countermeasures and suggestions on the development of Heanan rural school physical education are given,which is significant for the all-round and sustainable development of new countryside construction and Henan education.


The direct, efficient copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers represents a "holy grail" for the synthesis of polar polyethylenes; however, developing effective catalysts for such copolymer...


Background: Impaction of the permanent maxillary canines, which is a common problem in dentistry, may require surgery and long-term orthodontic treatment. Until now, impaction has mostly been linked to physical obstructions and the direction of movement of the tooth. However, the molecular co-ordination of bone formation and bone resorption necessary for the eruption process, which is suggested to be regulated by the dental follicle, needs to be investigated further. Aims: The overall objectives of this thesis were to determine which clinical factors are related to impacted canines, and to investigate the regulatory functions and differentiation potential of the dental follicle. Patients and methods: The positions of impacted and normally erupting canines (orthopantograms), the skeletal variables (profile radiographs), and dento-alveolar traits (casts) were evaluated as potential predictive factors for impaction using a multivariate data analysis (N=90 patients). The gene expression profiles of boneregulatory markers were determined by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining of human dental follicles. Whole dental follicles (N=11) obtained from impacted canines, with or without signs of root resorption, and from control teeth (normal erupting teeth and mesiodens), together with the apical (N=15) and coronal (N=15) segments (processed independently), were analysed. In vitro osteogenic differentiation of human dental follicle cells (hDFC) was followed by the quantification of gene expression of osteoblast-phenotypic markers and Alizarin Red staining. Quantifications of the molecular permeability of gap junctional intercellular communication and of CX43 expression were performed with the dye parachute technique and flow cytometry, respectively. Next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics processing were used for the identification of differentially regulated genes and pathways involved in the differentiation of hDFC. Results: Clinical variables related to the spatial location of the un-erupted tooth exert the strongest influences on impaction. However, they cannot be attributed to the cause of impaction, and they cannot be used as predictors. The RT-qPCR analyses revealed that the transcript levels for osteoclast-related markers (M-CSF, MCP-1, RANKL) were minimally expressed compared to those for osteoblastic markers (RUNX2, COL-1, OSX, ALP, OCN). No differential patterns of expression were identified between the impacted canines, with or without clinical signs of root resorption, or compared to the follicles from mesiodens or the normally erupting teeth. When the apical and coronal sections were analysed independently, significant differential expression was detected for the RANKL gene in the coronal part of the dental follicles, as compared with their corresponding apical parts. The induced expression levels of RANKL and OPG in cultured hDFC obtained from different patients were also significantly different. CX43 was observed to be highly expressed in the follicular tissues, and its expression was increased when the cells were cultured in osteogenic medium, and even further enhanced when the cells were exposed to silica (Si). We found that multipotent stem cells residing in the dental follicle could be induced to differentiate towards an osteoblastic lineage under favourable in vitro conditions, resulting in regulation of the osteoblastic phenotypic markers (RUNX2, OSX, BMP2, ALP, and OCN) and active deposition of a mineralised matrix. In addition, Si enhanced osteogenic differentiation in combination with osteogenic induction medium, as revealed by increases in the expression of CX43 and gap junction communication activity in the hDFC. Conclusions: The results presented in the thesis reveal that clinical variables are influential, but not determinants, for tooth impaction. The dental follicle in the late pre-eruptive stage mainly expresses osteoblastregulatory markers, whereas the levels of osteoclast-related markers are very low. Significant expression of CX43 and gap junction communication activity were detected, indicating an important role for these factors in the functional processes in the dental follicle. The significant upregulation of RANKL expression in the coronal part of the dental follicles suggests the importance of recruiting and activating osteoclasts, so as to form the eruption path through the alveolar bone. Moreover, the differential expression of induced RANKL in cultured hDFC may explain the diversity of events noted in the clinical setting during tooth eruption. Mesenchymal cells located in the dental follicle provide the optimal precursors, which can be cultured under in vitro conditions and further triggered with Si to differentiate towards an osteoblastic lineage.


Twenty years ago, Multiracial Americans completed the U.S Census with the option to indicate more than one race for the first time. As we embark on the second anniversary of this shift in Multiracial recognition, this article reviews the research related to known sources and systems that perpetuate Multiracial-specific stigma. Policy recommendations address the needs and the continued acknowledgment of this growing racial/ethnic minority population.


Physics is built on the use of constitutive equations governed by the Random Phase Approximation to deal with cancellations resulting from space-time variations of the phase of waves. Special handling of phase becomes possible in engineered materials, such as domain formations and periodicity. When dealing with interactions involving superlattices as well as metamaterials, the phase of electron or electromagnetic waves can be exploited in numerous ways. Examples include systems with gain such as amplifiers and oscillators, as well as serving as passive impedance matching elements such as image formation with lenses.


In recent years, the tourism business has begun to grow rapidly in all countries of the world. Looking at the experience of different foreign countries, you can see that the success of the development of the tourism business largely depends on the acceptance of this sector at the state level and the support of state institutions in this area. Government programs should contribute to the development of the tourism business, the development of tourist centers, the creation and development of the necessary infrastructure, as well as the provision of advertising and information.


Diabetes, in Brasil, affects 10% of the population over 40 years of age Among the serious complications, those on the lower extremities are the majority (40 to 70%). Microangiopathy affects the small vessels the blood supply of nerves, the vasa nervorum and causes the peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. Neuropathic process enhances osseous deformities on the the foot, which increase plantar pressures in an insensitive foot, ending in ulcerations. Since 1988 the development of the Pressure Specified Sensory Device™ - PSSD turn out to be a single device able to quantify thresholds of pressure, necessary for the patient to feel one or two points tested, statically and in movement. We can now better access the sensitive deficit on the diabetic patients and plan appropriate prevention measures. Treatment of the diabetic wound involves ischemia control, if necessary and surgical debridement in order to remove necrotic tissues. The new developed vacuum system helps the reduction of edema, enhance blood perfusion to the wound and granulation tissue growth providing faster bed preparation and earlier surgical repair usually with skin grafts


O. Lopez, P. J. Rossman, R. L. Ehman Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States Synopsis: MR Elastography (MRE) is a technique that allows visualization of propagating acoustic shear waves in tissue for noninvasive quantification of mechanical properties. Development of MRE for stiff tissues with shear moduli in the hundreds or thousands of kPa is presented for specific application to in vitro MRE of cartilage. The current system incorporates components for adequate generation and detection of mechanical shear waves that propagate within cartilage. Preliminary results from fetal bovine femur specimens, used as a biological model of articular cartilage, demonstrate the feasibility of characterizing the dynamic mechanical properties of cartilage with MRE. Introduction: Knowledge of the mechanical properties of articular cartilage has great importance in understanding the normal and degenerative states of cartilage. These details could be correlated with spatial and temporal variations in composition, structure and function of cartilage [1, 2]. It is important to quantify the fundamental relationships between composition, structure and mechanical behavior of cartilage, especially since these are known to change in disease (e.g., osteoarthritis) [2-4]. Due to its small size (<6 mm in thickness) and high dynamic shear modulus (0.2-2.0 MPa) [4], accurate estimation of mechanical properties with MRE requires high frequency mechanical excitation in order to visualize acceptable wavelength within the cartilage. As a result, dynamic MRE of cartilage is challenged mainly by the adequate generation and detection of high frequency propagating shear wave excitation. Therefore, the goal of this work was to overcome some of these immediate challenges by designing and implementing an application specific system to enable in vitro dynamic MRE of cartilage. Methods: Our system uses a customized RF coil of the quadrature transmit-receive birdcage design. An electromechanical actuator was designed and tested for high frequency (1-3 kHz) shear wave excitation. The actuator design was optimized with studies of relations between maximum displacement and relevant design parameters. Actuator performance was tested using a vibrometer system (Polytec-PI OFV-3001) with resolution 0.5-5 μm/s. Displacement measurements for the actuator were made inside a 1.5T MR scanner at mechanical excitation frequencies from 0.5-3 kHz. The actuator was loaded by placing a rod in contact with a stiff phantom material simulating cartilage (800 kPa). Mechanical excitations at 3 kHz yielded 2 μm displacements, which can increase by at least 3-fold with increase of the applied current. A local gradient coil was developed to improve sensitivity to the motion of propagating shear waves in cartilage. Design of our local gradient coil was aimed to produce a gradient field strength >5 times (~11 G/cm) that of a whole body coil. A Maxwell pair configuration was used, with each coil radius of 7 cm and a total resistance of 8 ohms. The coils are separated by a distance of 12.12 cm for an acceptable linear central region of 4 cm. The gain in phase accumulation as a function of gradient field strength was assessed using a 4.6% agar gel phantom with 1-2 kHz mechanical excitations. Results: Figures 1a and 1b depict the gain in phase difference that results from using the local gradient coil at 11.92 G/cm vs. the whole body coil at 1.76 G/cm, respectively, from a 4.6% agar gel phantom at a mechanical excitation of 2 kHz. Acquisition used a gradient echo sequence with FOV of 12 x 12 cm and TR/TE of 100/17.2 ms. The elastogram of the phantom results from inverting the phase difference measurements in Fig. 1a, Fig. 1c.


At a meeting of the Endocrinological Society on 22/X1926, Prof. V.A. Oppel made an interesting demonstration of a patient with ankylosing inflammation of the spine. Considering the suffering to be caused by hyperfunction of parathyroid glands, responsible for calcium metabolism in organism, Prof. Oppel removed his parathyroid and a part of thyroid gland. The result of the operation was brilliant.


A mode-field converting silica-based waveguide was fabricated simply by locally heating the waveguide end. The mode-field diameter changes from 8.0 to 9.6 μm with a taper length of 4 mm and then the fibre coupling loss decreased to less than 0.1 dB. This technique was successfully applied to a waveguide array.


When doctors see more cases of patients with tell‐tale symptoms of a disease, it is hoped that they will be able to recognize an infection administer treatment appropriately, thereby speeding up recovery for sick patients. We hope that our studies can aid in the detection of tuberculosis by using a computer model called an artificial neural network. Our model looks at patients with and without tuberculosis (TB). The data that the neural network examined came from the following: patient' age, gender, place, of birth, blood type, Rhesus (Rh) factor, and genes of the human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) system (9q34.1) present in the Major Histocompatibility Complex. With availability in genetic data and good research, we hope to give them an advantage in the detection of tuberculosis. We try to mimic the doctor's experience with a computer test, which will learn from patient data the factors that contribute to TB.


Jin Zhang attended TsinghuaUniversity for her undergraduate studies, and pursued her graduate studies in chemistry at the University of Chicago. After completing her postdoctoral work at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), she joined the faculty of Johns Hopkins University [2_TD$DIFF](JHU) School of Medicine in 2003. She was promoted to Professor of Pharmacology, Neuroscience[3_TD$DIFF], andOncology in 2013. In 2015[4_TD$DIFF], she moved back to [5_TD$DIFF]UCSD and is currently a Professor of Pharmacology, Director of the Bio-optical Probe Advancement Center (BioPAC), and member of the MooresCancerCenter atUCSD.Research in her lab focuses on developing enabling technologies to probe [6_TD$DIFF]active molecules in their native environment and characterizing how these active molecules change in disease[7_TD$DIFF], includingcancer. Professor Zhang is a recipient of the American Heart Association National Scientist Development Award (2005), theBiophysical SocietyMargaret Oakley Dayhoff Award (2009), [8_TD$DIFF]the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director's Pioneer Award (2009), the John J. Abel Award in Pharmacology from [9_TD$DIFF]the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET) (2012), the Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry from the American Chemical Society (2012), and National Institute of Cancer Outstanding Investigator Award (2015). She was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2014.


Anti Springbok tour demonstrators overturing a car in Onslow Road, Kingsland, Auckland. Photographed by an Auckland Star staff photographer 12 September 1981.
No negative held at EP/1981/2958

This photograph published in the Evening Post 14 September 1981
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).
Physical Description: Silver gelatin print, 21.5 x 16.3 cm


This paper examines the relationship between career adaptability, self-monitoring, academic effort, and job search confidence among university students. Guided by the career construction and self- ...


The price of diesel fuel is influenced by various factors that identity this product as a separate commodity market. The article analyzes the specifics of prices on the world market of diesel fuel, discussed in detail the various components of the price, as well as described methods of state regulation of prices for diesel fuel.


In order to ensure optimal and secure functionality of Micro Grid (MG), energy management system plays vital role in managing multiple electrical load and distributed energy technologies. With the evolution of Smart Grids (SG), energy generation system that includes renewable resources is introduced in MG. This work focuses on coordinated energy management of traditional and renewable resources. Users and MG with storage capacity is taken into account to perform energy management efficiently. First of all, two stage Stackelberg game is formulated. Every player in game theory tries to increase its payoff and also ensures user comfort and system reliability. In the next step, two forecasting techniques are proposed in order to forecast Photo Voltaic Cell (PVC) generation for announcing optimal prices. Furthermore, existence and uniqueness of Nash Equilibrium (NE) of energy management algorithm are also proved. In simulation, results clearly show that proposed game theoretic approach along with storage capacity optimization and forecasting techniques give benefit to both players, i.e., users and MG. The proposed technique Gray wolf optimized Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (GARIMA) gives 40% better result and Cuckoo Search Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (CARIMA) gives 30% better results as compared to existing techniques.


Since it was founded in Korea in 1784, Korean Catholic Church has grown rapidly even under persecution. And now, its various activities have considerable influence on Korean society. However, the Korean Catholic Church record management not much is being done in excess of general record management for administrative purposes. Therefore, this study attempted to construct records management system that could systematically manage records of the Korean Catholic Church with Diocese Archives as the central figure. In order to do this, first the special characteristics of the Catholic Church records were analyzed, and the actual status of records management of Catholic Church was investigated. Next, applied the theory of records management to the Catholic Church system.


The paper describes a design methodology for electrical machines which has been specially developed for in-house use, based on the design environment (DE) of a well established electromagnetic finite element analysis (EM FEA) package. The modelling methodology allows iteration between the FEA code and a traditional spreadsheet design environment, thus permitting the machine/system design to exploit the power of EM FEA, without having to invest the time and effort required (typically several person-years) to become on expert in EM FEA. The design environment available within the FE package of vector fields envisages a futuristic design of various devices 'by menu'.


Proximal Radius – Fractures of the proximal radius in children account for slightly more than 1% of all children's fractures, represent 5 to 10% of all elbow fractures and accounts for 5% of all fractures involving the growth plate. The average age in the literature is 10 years (4 to 16 years) with no difference between boys and girls. The anatomical aspects should be emphasized for the comprehension of this fracture: 1) the radial head of the child only starts to ossify at age 5 so it is very rare to have a fracture before this age since all the head is cartilaginous and therefore more resistant to trauma. At the same time it makes more difficult the diagnosis because of the absence of ossification of the epiphysis. 2) There is a valgus angulation of 12.5° between the radial head and the shaft of the radius in the AP plan and an anterior angulation of 3° on the lateral plane that should not be misinterpreted as fractures. 3) The radial head is intrarticular in a similar way like the femoral head and trauma to this region may lead to AVN as a result of damage to the vascular supply of the epiphysis. 4) The proximal radioulnar joint has a very intimate continuity contributing to exact congruence of the articular surfaces. The axis of rotation lies directly in the center of the radial neck. Any deviation of the epiphysis over the neck has a major reflect over the axis of rotation causing a "cam" effect when the radial head rotates with loss of pronosupination. The mechanism of injury responsible for this injury result from a fall on the outstretched upper extremity in which the elbow is extended and a valgus force is applied to the elbow joint. In more rare cases it result from direct pressure to the radial head during dislocation of the elbow. There are different classifications mostly based on the anatomical lesion or degree of deformity. Wilkins divides this fracture in two major groups: Group I (valgus fracture) subdivided in three types: type A – the Salter-Harris type I and II, type B – Salter-Harris type IV and type C – fractures involving only the proximal radial metaphysis and Group II (fractures associated with elbow dislocation) subdivided in two types: type D – reduction injuries and type E – dislocation injuries. O'Brien divides the common valgus injury in three types according to the degree of angulation between the radial head and the axis of the radius: Type I (0 to 30° angulation) Type II (between 30° and 60°) and Type III (more than 60°). The clinical symptoms may vary according to the magnitude of the injury. The child will mostly complaint of pain and tenderness on the lateral side of the joint. In young children pain may first be referred to the wrist. The pain usually increases with pronosupination and extension of the elbow. The diagnosis relies mostly on the x-ray view (AP and lateral) and the fracture will be easily visualized in either film. In the cases where the fracture line is superimposed over the ulna an oblique view will be necessary. In the young child, whereas the epiphysis is still not ossified, an ultrasound may be helpful differentiating the position of the radial head. An arthrogram may also be of benefit especially during the process of reduction to check the accuracy of the treatment. The prognosis of this lesion depends on several factors. A poor result can be expected if the fracture is associated with other injuries such as elbow dislocation and ulna or medial epicondylar fractures. A residual tilt of the radial head, provided is not superior to 30°, is more tolerable than a translocation of the radial head superior to 4mm. Age is also an important factor since the older the child the less remodeling it will have. The treatment has also an important role in the prognosis of this injury since it is unanimous acceptable that an open reduction is associated with poor results. Therefore the treatment of a young child with an isolated minimal displaced fracture-separation of the proximal radius (less than 30°) should be a simple long arm cast. In a more displaced fracture (more than 30° of tilt) a closed reduction should be performed under general anesthesia as suggested by Patterson. If the maneuver is not successful other attempts should be made with lateral pin compression applied directly to the radial head as suggested by Pesudo or an indirect reduction by an intramedullary kirschner wire as suggested by Metaizeau. Open reduction should be only reserved for dislocated Grade IV Salter-Harris type fractures, incarcerated radial head or in the presence of failure of closed treatment. The incidence of complications especially if associated with a dislocation of the elbow or other fractures can be high. The most common are loss of motion, radial head overgrowth usually with no clinical significance, notching of the radial neck and premature physeal closure. Avascular necrosis of the radial head is most commonly associated with open reduction. Distal Radius – It is the most common fracture separation in children and represent 46% of all fractures involving the growth plate. A fracture of the ulna is associated in 6 to 11% of the injuries. The average age is 12 years with a minimum of 7 and a maximum of 16 years. Although this high incidence it is very uncommon subsequent growth disturbance. The usual mechanism of injury is similar to the proximal radius injury and result from a fall on the outstretched upper extremity with the wrist hyperextended. This type of injury is classified by the Salter-Harris classification for physeal fractures and the most commons are the types I and II. The clinical symptoms vary from mild tenderness over the fracture site to a noticeable deformity most often with the apex volar. Attention should be given to the possibility of vascular and neural injury associated, mostly from the time of the acute deformation, and the diagnosis is made by x-ray view (AP and lateral) with the fracture well visualized. The prognosis is in general good since even in the presence of a markedly displaced fracture it can be expected a remarkably remodeling even in an older child. Treatment in a nondisplaced fracture only requires a below elbow cast for 4 weeks. In a displaced fracture a closed reduction should be performed under hematoma block or general anesthesia (in a young child). The reduction is stable most of the times in a plaster with the wrist in slight flexion. The incidence of complications is very rare.


From the aspects of the stylistics and the descriptive linguistics, this article tries to analyze the feature of Hemingway's language and the narration, typified by The Old Man and the Sea to prove the concise and unique style of Hemingway's literal creation.


In this paper the performance of a steam-jet refrigeration system is investigated. First and second law analyses as well as the economics of the system are presented. Thermodynamic parameters investigated include the COP, refrigerating effect, condenser heat rejection, motive steam requirements, second law efficiency, and system irreversibility. Economic parameters investigated include the equipment costs, space needs, power requirements, and installed and operational costs.


Recently, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are an important research area because of its real-time response, accurate, improved node capability, low in cost and simple infrastructure. Because of the huge number of sensor nodes, the main issue of WSN is the estimation of their location. The nodes which are deployed may not be known their own position. In localization, different techniques are used for estimation to gain the coordinate of the node. In this paper, we reviewed on the current techniques in estimation phase for indoor localization from 2013 to 2018. This reviewed will be useful for the researchers to implement the techniques for estimation phase to increase the accuracy.