Surface soil moisture is a key variable in many hydrological, climatological and ecological processes. Different types of remote sensing systems are currently used to infer soil moisture at different spatial and temporal scales, each with its specific characteristics and limitations. Using AMSR-E soil moisture and MODIS surface temperature (Ts) product, the authors discuss the relationship between the variation rate of land surface temperature and surface soil moisture. Selecting the plains region of Central United States as the study area, the authors propose the distribution triangle of the variation rate of land surface temperature and soil moisture, which is learned from the Ts-NDVI feature space theory. The range of soil moisture is lessening as the increase of instantaneous variation rate of land surface temperature, and the soil moisture value is going down as well. In this paper, Temperature Variation and Vegetation Index (TVVI), a new index containing the information of temperature variation and vegetation, is introduced. The authors also prove that TVVI and soil moisture show a steady relationship of exponential function, and build a quantitative model of soil moisture(SM) and instantaneous surface temperature variation(VTs).


This article describes the Commercial Vehicle Information System (CVIS), designed to deploy a national safety program for the U.S. commercial trucking fleet. CVIS is built around a safety analysis algorithm called SafeStat which constructs a profile on commercial vehicle operators whose activities are subject to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. The profile can be used to identify potentially unsafe carriers. The article also describes a safety monitoring system for air carriers, known as the Air Carrier Analysis Support (ACAS). ACAS is designed to collect and provide data on air carrier safety and performance


In this paper modeling of EMI filter capacitors and modeling of mutual couplings between them is presented. The modeling has been done using 3D electromagnetic software CST MWS. Three capacitor models have been proposed and verified experimentally. All proposed models during verification have shown that their performance is high enough to enable PCB mounted capacitor modeling and mutual inductance modeling between capacitors. Additionally several mutual inductance reduction techniques have been proposed, measured and modeled.


This study aims is to determine whether there is a contributions of bicep power with the outcome of shot put in orthodox style on a male students of SMP Negeri 2 Rupat, Rupat, Bengkalis District. This research form is a correlation study, the population of this study are a male students of grade IX A SMP Negeri 2 Rupat, Bengkalis districts, the sample of this study were male students of grade IX A SMP Negeri 2 Rupat, Rupat, Bengkalis District with the numbered of students are 17 students. From the calculation of the contribution analysis X and Y, where rtable at significant level α (0,05) = 0.482 means rhitung (0.609)> rtable (0,482), which means that the hypothesis is accepted and prove from the results that there is a contribution between bicep muscle power against shot put in orthodox style of the students of grade IX A SMP Negeri 2 Rupat, Rupat, Bengkalis District with the contributions of 37.09% and 62.91% are influenced by other factors. So it can be concluded that the contribution between (X) and (Y) or bicep power contribution with the results of shot put in orthodox style is powerful.Key notes: Bicep power with the shot put in orthodox style


Labor mediators lack formal authority to compel parties to settle. What authority mediators do have emanates from their person, their behavior and skill, and the parties' ongoing assessment of them during a case. These "expressive" dimensions of mediation are latent features of the process, which makes them difficult to isolate and study. In this study, a dramaturgical framework is applied to observational case data to identify a core of expressive tactics commonly used by mediators. These tactics are organized around the theme of professional work. The findings suggest that mediators manage impressions of their expertise to frame settlements, impressions of their social position to convey neutrality toward the parties and a shared collegial network with chief negotiators, and impressions of their legitimacy to establish reputations for action and success. Contrasts in the ways these tactics are used suggest tentative postulates about the differential ways authority is mobilized in mediation.


The bulb rudder for ships is disclosed. Is an exemplary ship rudder bulb according to the embodiment of the present invention, disposed in the hull to be adjacent to the tail rudder propeller unit to adjust the traveling direction of the ship; And coupled to the body between the rudder propeller and the rudder unit, and a exploded view of a number of possible modular bulb part (part).


Special Issue 8, 2020 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 72 *Address for correspondence E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com This paper aims to research the expression of forkhead box O3 transcription factor in the brain of Alzheimer's rats. First, the rats were selected as subjects and divided into Alzheimer's disease group and normal control group to establish the Alzheimer model. Then the positive forkhead box O3 immunoreactivity was observed in the posterior thalamus, cortex and hippocampus of rats, together with the changes of positive neurons in these locations. Results have shown that the number of positive cells in the cortex, thalamus and hippocampus of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, the optical density of the experimental group in the carbonic anhydrase 2, cortex, and carbonic anhydrase 1 regions was significantly higher than that of the control group, with the inter-group of statistical significance (p<0.05). It is concluded that forkhead box O3 is highly related to Alzheimer's disease. The expression of forkhead box O3, whether leading to endoplasmic reticulum protein apoptosis or protection, will affect Alzheimer's disease.


Abstract : The Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) Architecture Part III was initiated to maintain and update the existing manufacturing architecture as well as develop training courses to assist in the transition of IDEF applications, concepts and procedures to other Air Force programs. This volume presents all the terms from the function and information models of manufacturing. (Author)


Aplasia of the mandibular condyle is extremely rare when not seen in association with or as a part of any syndrome. The incidence is estimated to be 1 in 5,600 births. Growth disturbances in the development of the mandibular condyle may occur in utero late in the first trimester and may result in disorders, such as aplasia or hypoplasia of the mandibular condyle. We report a case of aplasia of left mandibular condyle along with hypoplasia of right condylar head in a 20-year-old female patient. The patient reported to the clinic with the complaint of proclined upper front teeth, wanting to improve her esthetics. Clinical, conventional radiography and computer tomographic studies revealed the complete absence of condyle on the left and hypoplasia of the head of mandibular condyle on the right side. The etiology was unknown and on the basis of history, clinical study and radiological examination it was suggested to be of developmental origin.


This article examines the work of the late nineteenth-century German military historian Max Jähns. A career officer in the Prussian Army, he taught military history at the elite War Academy for fourteen years and was a prolific and highly respected author. Significantly, he focused not on operational history--for which the Imperial German Army was and remains well known--but on the place of military institutions and practices in the context of general history. This and the army's positive response to his work shed new light on the evolution of the new military history and the Imperial German Army's reaction to it.


One of the main issues in educational change has been the transformation of education in a genuine process of communication open, especially among teachers and students, but also between managers and the community, especially parents. It is worth being an educator only within a communicative context participatory, interactive, experiential. Just learn deeply in that context.
It is worth teaching if immersed in authoritarian structures or if it is taught in an authoritarian manner. May learn and teach that way even more efficient in the short term, students quickly learn certain content pragmatic-but the truth is that do not learn to be individuals, to be citizens. With the Internet we are being forced to change the way teaching and learning in both classroom courses and in distance education. Only worth being physically together when something significant happens, when we learn to be more together than separately investigated in our homes.


Most of the previous researchers have studied size segregation using binary mixtures. In
this research, percolation segregation was studied for multi-size powder mixtures to build a road map
for continuous particle size distributions. For quantifying percolation response of fines, the primary
segregation shear cell (PSSC-II) was used. The absolute size ranges of coarse particles used in this
experiment were 710-850 (F1) and 1000-1200 (F2) microns. Percolation of fines in a narrow size
distribution 120-180 microns (f) and d50 of 150 microns was studied. Experiments with single layers
prepared using F1 or F2, 60 mm in depth, were carried out to study percolation of fines f fed from a
funnel at the top center. In addition, two layers (each 30 mm in depth) of absolute size coarse
particles were prepared by placing one layer over the other, i.e., F1 (bottom) and F2 (top).
Percolation of fines f through these two layers F1+F2 was studied also. The segregation results of
binary, f-F1 and f-F2, and tertiary, f-(F1+F2), mixtures are compared and discussed, which includes
segregation magnitude and intensity differences.


Eight miles out of Eden, Texas, stands a monument. If you look at a state map, you'll find that Eden lies smack dab in the middle of the Lone Star State, as the eye judges it, and that's what the monument commemorates--the center of Texas. But more than geographical distinction marks Eden this year, because the ranching and farming community's Eden State Bank made it onto the 2002 ABA Banking Journal top banks list. Indeed, Eden State turned out to be fifth among the top ten banks with less than $100 million in assets that are not Subchapter S corporations. (Tables listing the top institutions in four categories begin on page 26.) Eden State's Larry Upshaw, president and CEO, pleased to hear the news, says his bank achieved its results simply by working hard to service its customers. One plus in this rural market is a federal minimum security prison nearby. The prison employees provide an additional market for consumer services such as car loans, notes Upshaw, and the private company that runs the prison holds accounts at the bank, bringing in funding as well. Perhaps the news had a bit of additional sweetness because the Eden State charter had some federal trouble itself, a while back. The bank had failed and its current owners bought it from FDIC in 1986. So achieving top-level ranking brings vindication to those who thought the $34.8 million bank could make good. Familiar faces and newbies Unlike Eden State, some banks making it into the top ranks of this year's listings had been there before. One of the repeaters is Citizens Bank of Americus, Ga. "The best thing we have going for us is our low cost of funds," says Rick Whaley, president and CEO. The $149.8 million-assets bank made it into the top five for its group this year and last year, after coming in lower in the top 50 in previous years. Similarly, Security State Bank, Pearsall, Texas, at $182.8 million in assets at yearend 2001, came in third place in its class this year, having done the same in 2000. In rural Pearsall, President and CEO A.R. Galloway says, a dominant crop is potatoes, but a growing economic driver that has helped the town is recreational use of land, particularly for hunting whitetail deer. Galloway himself "hunts" extraneous expenses. Savings help the bank maintain a strong efficiency ratio--27.3%--while enabling Security State to pay employees more than peers. Low loan demand has meant that the bank generates over 60% of its income from investments, so Galloway and his staff also hunt loans. One source of loans has been the area's absentee landlords. "We call on them and sometimes get involved in their business needs in the city," he explains. Hello, again, and goodbye? Some of the top performers are longstanding winners that ABA BJ has profiled extensively in past issues. Such firms include Stearns Financial Services, St. Cloud, Minn.; Smithtown Bancorp, N.Y. (just profiled in our June 2002 issue); Union Bank & Trust, Minneapolis; United National Corp., Sioux Falls, S.D.; and Hershenhorn Bancorp., Palatine, Ill. Some other winners declined to answer the question, "So, how do you do it?" And then, there is one consistent winner that suspects that 2002 will mean goodbye to the rankings, at least for a while. Central Bank of Kansas City, Mo., came in fourth among Subchapter S banks this year ($75.4 million in assets at yearend), beating its own performance last time. William M. Dana, Jr., president and CEO, says his bank's holding company bought another bank in a very different market three years ago to diversify. Just recently, he says, management has decided to consolidate it with Central. "We needed to expand, to make a 'bigger pie'," says Dana, and build a broader business. However, he says, in the process, the resulting institution's numbers will probably not be as strong as Central's. …


Estimation of stillbirth rates globally is complicated because of the paucity of reliable data from countries where most stillbirths occur. We compiled data and developed a Bayesian hierarchical temporal sparse regression model for estimating stillbirth rates for all countries from 2000 to 2019. The model combines covariates with a temporal smoothing process so that estimates are data-driven in country-periods with high-quality data and deter-mined by covariates for country-periods with limited or no data. Horseshoepriors are used to encourage sparseness. The model adjusts observations with alternative stillbirth definitions and accounts for bias in observations that are subject to non-sampling errors. In-sample goodness of fit and out-of-sample validation results suggest that the model is reasonably well calibrated. The model is used by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation to monitor the stillbirth rate for all countries.


A novel method was presented in order to make sure the importance sequence of factors that affect nanoindentation process by finite element modeling(FEM) simulation,according to orthogonal test principle. The yield stress and the working hardening exponent of quartz glass,and the indenter's tip radius were considered as effect factors, while ignoring the contact friction for its insignificance and the surface roughness of the specimen for the polishment before nanoindentation experiment. The target of the orthogonal test was the absolute value of relative error between simulation and experiment results. Using range analysis,the most important factor is found to be the indenter's tip radius,while the yield stress and the working hardening exponent only have certain effect on the residual depth of load-depth curve. Meanwile,the real tip radius was found to be 300 nm,the yield stress was 8 GPa and the working hardening exponent was 0.3 by comparison between the simulation and the experimental load-depth curves.


For SBA-16 films, the pore connectivity as well as the working properties are closely dependent on the growth mechanism. In this paper, the growth mechanism of SBA-16 films prepared by use of a dip-coating method was investigated, and it is clearly revealed that the SBA-16 films grow in a layer-by-layer fashion, different from the well-known growth mechanism of SBA-16 particles. Due to the gradient variation in the block copolymer concentration, the SBA-16 layers first form at the solution/air interface and subsequently gradually develop down to the solution/substrate interface, resulting in the production of continuous SBA-16 films with a large area of highly ordered pores. Although the layer thickness is almost the same at 35–50 nm, it is found that the inner layers in the films have more ordered pores than the outer layers close to both the film surface and the film/substrate interface. Explanations have been suggested for this phenomenon based on microstructural analyses.


Chinese economists always pay much attention on how to improve Chinese total factor productivity and make it to be driving factor of Chinese economic growth. Based on the provincial panel data from 1997 to 2011 of 29 provinces (cities, districts) in China, here, we did empirical research on the effects of mandatory institutional change and induced institutional change on Chinese total factor productivity. The induced institutional change and mandatory institutional change was represented by the China marketization index which was proposed by the Fan et al. and preferential policy index, respectively. The results show that the influence of the institutional change on Chinese total factor productivity is heterogeneity. Mandatory institutional change has significant positive effects on Chinese total factor productivity, while induced institutional change has negative effects. These findings indicated that mandatory institutional change dominated by the government is an important reason to promote Chinese total factor productivity, which means the government plays an important part in the process of institutional change. Our study has important implication on how to properly handle the relationship between government ("visible hand") and market ("invisible hand") under the new normal and how to coordinate the relationship between the decisive role of market in the allocation of resources and the role of government on economic growth.


Even if the well-known predisposing factors play an essential role in the realization of cerebrovascular accidents, in these last years the possible importance of the hemoreologic parameters is still a topic under discussion. The authors found a significant increase of the considered hemoreologic parameters (HT, Hb, RBC) in the patients hospitalized for cerebrovascular accidents compared to controls, without differences for gender, even if this increase remained into the limits of normal range. Conversely, no significant differences were found concerning the considered metabolic parameters.


Background Europe continues to have among the highest worldwide prevalence of adult smoking (28%) and the highest among females (19%). Nurses' rates of smoking in the region are comparable or higher than the general female population. Nurses who smoke are less likely to intervene with patients who smoke; therefore, supporting nurses' efforts to quit is critical to promoting nurses' well-being and strengthening the profession's impact on prevention of tobacco-induced diseases. Objective The aim of this study was to explore nurses' perceptions of hospital workplace factors that influence nurses' smoking and quitting behaviors in Central and Eastern Europe. Methods Each country had a project director involved in the recruitment of participants and the translation of instruments. Using a moderator guide, focus groups (N = 9) about smoking and quitting were conducted in 5 countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia) among 82 nurses who self-reported as current or former smokers. Recorded transcripts were translated and analyzed using content analysis methods. Results The majority of nurses were female (94%) and currently smoking (65%). Four major themes were identified that describe workplace factors influencing nurses' smoking behaviors and efforts to quit: (1) taking breaks, (2) effect of smoking on patient interactions, (3) perceived collegial support for quitting, and (4) impact of workplace policies. Conclusions Workplace factors influence nurses smoking and quitting behaviors. Implications for Practice Changes in healthcare systems and policies are needed to support nurses' quit efforts. Additional education is needed to ensure that nurses understand issues related to smoking and interactions with patients.


Abstract : The problem of assessing the degree to which a model constructed for use in a simulation study faithfully represents the corresponding real system is considered. The focus here is to survey general approaches and methods which have been used in practice, or could be implemented, including good programming techniques, verifying that the program itself is correct, overall goals of the validation of a model, and a general framework for the total validation effort. Several concrete examples are discussed to illustrate the methods as well as possible pitfalls. (Author)


Ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block (UGTPVB) has become widespread recently. TPVB is a relatively difficult technique among ultrasound-guided nerve blocks because the paravertebral space is not completely visualised. The pressure measurement during the procedure is reported to improve success rate of TPVB in traditional landmark approach. We hypothesised that the pressure measurement at the needle tip was similarly helpful in UG-TPVB and investigated whether there is a notable difference between the pressures of the intercostal muscle and paravertebral space during TPVB with transversal intercostal in-plane approach.


This study is conducted to extend the previous research on the service quality by examining the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction. This study focused on the measurement of customer satisfaction through service quality dimensions using SERVQUAL (tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy) and the extended dimension which is relational benefits and perceived value from the one of national automobile company in the context of after sales service at Ipoh service centre. A quantitative research was conducted to study the relationship and influence factor between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction. A total number of 169 customers were randomly selected as respondents for the study. Statistical Package software for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20.0 was used to analyze the collected data. Tangibles, reliability and perceived value have positive relationship and have significant impact on customer satisfaction. In the meantime, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and relational benefits have positive relationship but have no significant impact on customer satisfaction. In addition, it was found that only difference in the age groups but not gender, race and monthly income on consumer satisfaction in this study. A recommendation for future research is to identify and investigate other important factors that may increase the quality of after sales service.


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As part of my last report on cultural geographies of home I addressed recent research on transnational geographies of home and family life for domestic and other migrant workers. Building on this my current report concentrates on recent cultural geographical research on migration in relation to broader debates about mobility transnationality and diaspora. I begin by tracing some of the connections between cultural geographies of migration and what has been termed the new mobilities paradigm and the mobility turn. To do so I trace some of the creative interfaces between work on mobilities and migrations before turning to cultural geographies of migration in relation to transnational citizenship urbanism and networks and to cultural politics and practices in diaspora. (excerpt)


and, therefore, urge principals to pay more attention to evaluation. They want them to become "evaluation-minded individuals" as contrasted to the "economic or administrative man" (p. 183). They argue that in conditions of uncertainty, when information is lacking, when one cannot be "infinitely sensitive" and rational, when it is not sufficient to search for solutions that are "good enough," when group decision making is not functional, it is necessary to pay far more attention to evaluation.


Ceramics composites are suitable as the materials for a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) parts in terms of its mechanical and physical properties. We apply the PM process in combination with mechanical alloying (MA) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) to produce micro-parts using a ceramic composite, TiC/Ti5Si3. Powders of elements Ti and SiC whose composition is Ti-20 mass%SiC are blended for MA. After the alloying, the MA powder whose average particle size is 20� 30 mm, has amorphous-like structures. Results of compression-tests and TEM observations indicate the occurrence of unusual high-temperature deformation behaviors such as low flow stress at the lower deformation temperature. The deformation is attributed to a pseudo-superplasticity in which the phase transition of metastable microstructure occurs during the deformation. The pseudo-superplasticity observed in the SPS compact improves the formability in fabrication of the microparts. The MA powder is filled into a micro-size mold produced by LIGA process, and casts together by SPS in order to fabricate a new microparts using TiC/Ti5Si3. Optimization of the pseudo-superplasticity enables the fabrication of the micro-parts using TiC/Ti5Si3.


This article is to demonstrate that the principle of good faith (iktikad baik) manifests in the principles of trust and confidentiality. Not only is good faith one of the key causes of the emergence of a dispute, it also indeed has a great influence on the success of resolving that dispute. Despite its importance, we have found that many disputing parties do not apply this principle to resolve their disputes. Even though, this principle plays a huge part on maintaining trust and confidentiality at the same time. The purpose of this paper is to increase awareness on the application of the good faith principle, noting that there are still realities where this principle is not applied. In this paper, we first elaborate on the descriptive comprehension of all these three principles. Afterwards, we observe how good faith connects with the other two principles. Through the manifestations of good faith, we have concluded that the a quo principle acts as a key basis for the application of the other two principles. In trust, applying good faith means making the arbitration trustworthy, whereas in confidentiality, maintaining good faith keeps the information confidential to irrelevant parties. In the conclusion, we have pointed a few concrete resolutions on maintaining the principle of good faith, trust, and confidentiality. This is found by observing the two factors that cause the realities when the principle of good faith is not applied, which consists of the normative and human factor.


For over 150 years historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have focused on education as a vehicle for addressing racial and other inequities in society.We have not wavered from this agenda because society has yet to live up to its creed of equality for all persons. While progress has been made, the pernicious problem of race continues to be the problem of the 21st century. Thus, the relevancy of HBCUs is a non-issue—it is a given. According to the White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities (U.S. Department of Education, n.d.):


Encrypted communication system comprising a host computer and a data terminal card device. Host includes start information generation program circuit for generating the last unused password generation start information. When the data terminal card device and a host communication, comprising a data terminal card device password generation program circuit generates the password in accordance with the start information received from the host. Card means transmits the generated password to the host to confirm. If the received password coincides with the password generated in the host, the host confirm the password received, and to allow traffic to continue holding. In the card device further includes an encryption circuit for controlling a complex manner a plurality of different encryption programs, thereby generating encrypted data.


With consideration of the variation of temperature and differential foundation deformation,expansion joints are applied during the design and construction of hydraulic structures.Because of either poor construction quality or long operation period,the effect of expansion joints material deteriorates over time,and the seepage through the expansion joint is led to,which affects the normal operation of hydraulic structures.The paper introduces the technical measures regarding to the seepage rehabilitation for expansion joint of inverted siphon culverts at Xingshou and Tucheng along the water supply channel from Miyun to Beijing.It works well after the rehabilitation measures are taken.


Radial haemolysis (RH) for assaying rubella antibody was studied in parallel tests with haemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) on 1102 sera from adult women. Simple to perform and economical in reagents, the RH test is as sensitive as the HAI test and is a useful method of screening antenatal and other sera for rubella immunity. It detects IgG but not IgM antibody.


4-Acetyl humulinic acids A and B have been separated by countercurrent distribution from the reaction products obtained by boiling humulone in alkaline solution. Structures are postulated for the two compounds which are consistent with their spectral and chemical characteristics.


Foam dyeing of denim with reactive dyes is carried out.Ring dyed effect with deep surface and white core is obtained through pretreatment and dyeing process control.Washing process of reactive dyed denim features simple,controllable and less pollution,the dyed denim achieves full range of chromatogram,excellent color fastness and soft handle.


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ness and domestic class conflict but, again, specifics are lacking. When, in 1989, Schiller concludes that human beings' 'capacities are overwhelmed' when they are 'confronted with a message incessantly repeated in all cultural conduits' (Schiller, quoted on p. 113), one is struck by the intellectual–strategic (structural) straightjacket at hand. No critical assessment is offered of this or related conclusions. Nor, for that matter, are we offered any insight into Schiller's awareness (or lack thereof) of the conceptual and political limitations of his own work. Perhaps Schiller, as an American public intellectual, thought that a direct engagement with contemporary Marxism would have been strategically detrimental to the widespread dissemination of his ideas, particularly in the United States? Such questions, had they at least been raised, would have given the reader more insight into the man and, indeed, might have opened up new ways of interpreting Schiller's body of work. For those interested in Schiller's writings and legacy, Herbert Schiller is a worthwhile read: it contains useful insights and, it should be noted, a tidy bibliography of his publications. But in light of Schiller's own critical mandate, Maxwell's book is lacking. The critically engaged reader likely will be both stimulated and frustrated by it.


Every winter, transportation agencies face the logistical challenge of clearing ice and snow to keep roads passable and safe. This article describes the Clear Roads program, which leverages state member contributions to fund research into new techniques and technologies, avoid duplication of effort, influence the private sector, engage in technology transfer, inform the public, and partner with other research groups.


Dear Editor, Notions of reduction in life expectancy because of obesityrelated diseases are more and more often issue of scientific discussion nowadays, because of the vertiginous increase in obese patients' prevalence during the last decades, as recently emphasized by Yach et al. (1). Even though considered one of the evils of modern age in Western civilization, in fact, obesity is a pathology known and treated by human society from ancient times (2). Obviously in the past, the importance of obesity as a mortality reason was far less relevant than it is nowadays, as life expectancy was shorter and more numerous diseases affected and brought people to death. Nevertheless, middle age obesity was known even in the antiquity. Hippocrates' pioneering observation pointed out that excessive weight causes a risk of sudden death (3). Some centuries later another celebrated Latin doctor and writer whose name is Aulus Cornelius Celsus wrote about obesity. He lived by the 1st century ad but was already aware of weight excess consequences on life quality and duration. His De Medicina is an essay describing medical knowledge at Roman times. This primordial medical encyclopaedia can be considered an open window on ancient life. The level and quality of notions reported are a sort of prelude to modern semeiotics for their pre-scientific objectivity and accuracy. '[ . . . ] Obesi plerumque acutis morbis et difficultate spirandi strangulantur subitoque saepe moriuntur; quod in corpore tenuiore vix evenit', i.e. obeses are affected by multiple acute diseases, respiratory dysfunctions and often die from unexpected death, because in their weaker body health is impaired (4). Celsus bases his knowledge on purely clinical observations with no pathophysiologic substrate; however, he shows a good intuition of nowadays acquired notions about heavy implications of obesity on vital functions. Dyspnoea and risk of sudden death are perfectly noted by our ancient colleague. Although the cardiovascular bases of unexpected decease are not mentioned, we cannot state whether these notions were not possessed or simply omitted. Nevertheless, by putting near the two observations 'difficultate spirandi strangulantur' and 'subitoque saepe moriuntur', Celsus shows to have an initial correct perception of hypossiemic mechanisms leading to myocardial damage and sudden death.


This paper shows one and two dimensional active linear modeling of cochlear biomechanics using Hspice. The cochlear biomechanical modeling is based on the deductive approach of others but is processed using Hspice which is the most popular analog electric circuit simulator among electrical and electronic engineers. Because Hspice is so generally used for active filter design, the shortage of the present cochlear model may be supplemented with analog active filters added to the present model. This extra filtering may be arbitrary so as to be called second filters. The advantage of the Hspice modeling is that the cochlear biomechanics may be implemented into an analog IC chip. This paper explains in detail how to transform the physical cochlear biomechanics to the electrical circuit model and how to represent the circuit in Hspice code. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is figured.


To examine the anatomical distribution of prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence on gallium‐68 prostate‐specific membrane antigen (68Ga‐PSMA) positron‐emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) with pathological lymph node metastasis (pN1) in their extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND), and to compare the location of PCa recurrence with the location of the initial lymph node metastasis at ePLND.


An efficient single-frequency laser-diode pumped, cw Nd:YVO<inf>4</inf>/YVO<inf>4</inf> ring laser emitting at 1064.4 nm is demonstrated. With 30W incident pump power, output power is 13W, with 52.8% slope efficiency, 43.3% optical efficiency and M2~1.09 beam quality.


7-17; 0327-8859; 2683-7900 literature had to fulfill a privileged place. The success of a good education translates into personal and social achievement and recognition. The tragic contests, whose spectators did not have any economic impediment that pre-vented them from attending thanks to the theorikón (public money destined to the payment of tickets to the theater), are proof of the presence of the dramatic genre in the representation of characters whose events had precipi-tated them to misfortune in the tragic genre but also success in comedy. The famous passage from Aristophanes Frogs 1053-6 places the teacher of chil-dren on a level of equality with the poet for adults. Lyric poetry is also a teaching tool for Theognis who advises his young lover Cyrnus how to adapt his behavior in order to achieve success in his life. Solon, a politician, an-guished by the dangers that could loom over Athens, exhorts his fellow citi-zens to live according to criteria based on justice. Xenophon recreates an image of Cyrus as the ideal sovereign who has managed to forge a vast em-pire, thanks to his personal qualities, lineage and education. Ischomachus, main character of the story in the mouth of Socrates in the Oeconomicus also by Xenophon, owes much of his prosperity to the teachings that he has transmitted to his young wife. Ultimately, Herodas's Mime III " The Teacher " offers a real painting of education in antiquity in which blows were part of it.


The study of the molecular genetics of myotonic muscular dystrophy (DM) has proceeded rapidly, with the discovery of a variable trinucleotide repeat interrupting the 3' untranslated region of myotonin-protein kinase (Mt-PK). Despite the elegance and sophistication of molecular genetic methods, certain control experiments should be performed when comparing diseased and normal (control) muscle samples. Fu et al. (1) provide conclusions and interpretations of gene expression data, but do not take into account relevant methods of muscle biochemical analyses. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) data with which Fu et al. perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR) across the variable repeat [figure 3 in (1)] raise some problems. Fu et al. quantitatively relate the amount of PCR product to the amount of the expressed normal and repeat-containing allele mRNA, rather than relating variations in PCR efficiency with increasing repeat sizes. A distinction between the two alleles that used coding sequence polymorphisms would have been more convincing. The experiments (1) were also performed in lymphoblasts with extrapolation to muscle, although using dissected muscle fiber would have been feasible. The comparison between Mt-PK mRNA and immunoreactive protein in DM and normal muscle [figures 3 and 5 in (l)] should have included experiments that controlled for variations that can result from (i) other pathological changes in the biopsied muscle, including fibrosis and fatty infiltration; (ii) methods of biopsy and time to freezing; (iii) length of time stored and method of tissue storage; (iv) differences between sampled muscles (age, fiber type, conditioning, and so on), and (v) selection and handling of normal control muscle samples. The use of "pug of total protein" [figure 5 in (1)] as a denominator in calculations in such studies has been shown to produce spurious results (2, 3). Comparative molecular experiments are not fundamentally different from biochemical comparisons. There are excellent studies of skeletal muscle comparisons, especially of measurements in dystrophic muscle (2-4). Despite the sophistication of the molecular measurements reported by Fu et al. (1), there was a lack of characterization in their study of the experimental variables with regard to samples from their patient or from normal people. Indeed, half of the measures of mRNA taken from healthy muscle tissue were equivalent to those obtained from DM patients [figure 3 in (1)1. Without attention to such variables, it is difficult to interpret statements by Fu et al. about quantitative decreases in DM. Conclusions regarding genetic mechanisms operating in DM based on these data should be weighed cautiously. Allen D. Roses Division of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA


Natural rubber (NR)/clay/carbon black nanocomposites, filled with 10 phr, 20 phr, and 30 phr of filler (in total) were obtained by adding carbon black (N330) on a two-roll mill to NR/clay nano-compounds prepared by the emulsion compounding method. X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscope photographs of the nanocomposites showed that both fillers were dispersed randomly in the NR matrix at nano-scale and that the space between the clay layers was filled with carbon black particles. At the same total filler loadings, the mechanical properties of the naocomposites filled with both clay and carbon black, such as moduli at 100% and 300% elongation, tensile strength and tear strength, were greatly improved compared with those of either NR/clay nanocomposites or NR/carbon black nanocomposites. This indicates that the samples with both fillers possessed excellent mechanical properties. It was found that the NR/clay/carbon black nanocomposites retained advantages from both fillers, for example, the processability and dynamic properties were close to those of NR/carbon black nanocomposites, and the gas barrier properties were almost as good as those of NR/clay nanocomposites.


Let $\mathcal{A}$ be the class of analytic functions $f$ in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}=\{z\in\mathbb{C}:|z|<1\}$ with the normalized conditions $f(0)=0$, $f'(0)=1$. For $-\pi/2<\alpha<\pi/2$ and $0\le \beta<1$, let $\mathcal{S}_{\alpha}(\beta)$ be the subclass of $\mathcal{A}$ consisting of functions $f$ that satisfy the relation $${\rm Re\,} \left\{e^{i\alpha}\left(1+\frac{zf''(z)}{f'(z)}\right)\right\}>\beta\cos{\alpha}\quad\text{for}~z\in\mathbb{D}.$$ In the present study, we will compute the sharp estimate of the pre-Schwarzian and Schwarzian norms for functions in $\mathcal{S}_{\alpha}(\beta)$.


UNLABELLED
The general features of the movement disorders are outlined and the effects of inhalational sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen and intravenous sedation, using midazolam, are described.Two case reports of patients with cerebral palsy treated in a community care setting are presented, and the advantages of intravenous and inhalational sedation are explained.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Inhalational sedation (IS) with nitrous oxide and intravenous sedation (IVS) with midazolam can be useful aids to reduce unwanted movements in patients with movement disorders during dental treatment.


Chylothorax is defined as abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space and is a rare condition in neonates and infants. There are several causes of chylothorax. It may result from congenital abnormalities of the lymphatics, which may not present in the neonatal period. Pulmonary lymphangiomas and lymphangiectasia, absence or atresia of the thoracic duct are the major lymphatic abnormalities associated with chylothorax. It is associated with various syndromes such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Noonan syndrome, GorhamStout syndrome, X-linked myotubular myopathy, Missense mutation in integrin a9b1, Hydrops fetalis and Yellow nail syndrome. Rupture or laceration of the thoracic duct can be caused by trauma leading to chylothorax. It occurs as a postoperative complication after various surgeries involving structures in the neck and thorax such as treatment of scoliosis, vascular rings, diaphragmatic hernia; cardiothoracic surgery and catheterization of the subclavian vein. Trauma such as blunt force or penetrating trauma to the chest, severe coughing or vomiting, the force of child birth, child abuse can lead to the development of chylothorax. Venous thrombus or obstruction in the superior vena cava or subclavian vein may lead to rupture of the thoracic duct. Chylothorax can be associated with various tumors and malignancies (neurogenic, lymphoma, teratoma, Wilms, ABSTRACT


Abstract:Andrew and Clair Linzey's Animal Ethics for Veterinarians collects numerous recent articles in the Journal of Animal Ethics. It offers readers a diverse set of chapters covering key issues relating to veterinary ethics: animal agriculture, animal research, veterinary oaths, complementary and alternative medicine, animal cruelty, and more. This review article discusses the book's themes within the larger context of veterinary medicine and veterinary ethics. Compared to existing works in veterinary ethics, the book is less focused on clinical and professional issues and more focused on the ways in which veterinary medicine intersects with fundamental topics in animal ethics. Its contributors challenge veterinarians to rethink traditional stances on the moral status of nonhuman animals and the ethical defensibility of numerous practices with which veterinarians are commonly involved. As the profession has historically been conservative on animal welfare issues, the book is a welcome addition to the literature.


This article introduces the application of SEL micro computerized relay in the integrated automation system of 110 kV Fuda Substation in Meizhou City,discusses the several problems and resolutions during the designing and commissioning,and indicates that this series of relays have multiple functions and conform to the requirements in substation automation.


BACKGROUND: The presence/absence of extracapsular invasion in metastatic lymph nodes has been reported as being significantly correlated with the prognosis in a wide variety of cancers. However, the influence of extracapsular invasion in the metastatic lymph nodes on the prognosis in patients with stage III rectal cancer has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the presence/absence of extracapsular invasion in the metastatic nodes of the relevant main/lateral lymph node group in patients with rectal cancer to determine the usefulness of this parameter for stratifying the prognosis of patients with stage III rectal cancer. DESIGN: This was a single-institution study. SETTINGS: This study was conducted at a single institution. PATIENTS: We enrolled 101 consecutive patients with stage III rectal cancer who had undergone curative surgery with extended lymph node dissection and investigated the presence/absence of extracapsular invasion in the regional metastatic lymph nodes to determine the usefulness of such stratification for a more precise prediction of the patient prognosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcomes measured were the disease-free and overall survival rates. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed a significantly poorer prognosis, in terms of both the disease-free survival rate (p = 0.003) and overall survival rate (p = 0.008), of the pN3-extracapsular invasion-positive cases in comparison with the pN3-extracapsular invasion-negative cases. Multivariate analysis revealed the presence/absence of extracapsular invasion in the metastatic lymph nodes as the only variable that was statistically significantly associated with the disease-free survival rate (p = 0.011). LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective study in a small number of patients from a single institution. There were no comparator groups. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed stratification of pN3 cases based on the presence/absence of extracapsular invasion in metastatic lymph nodes has the potential to contribute significantly to more available prediction of the prognosis of patients with stage III colorectal cancer.


lnterespecific hybridization has become a rather widespread phenomenon among fish groups (Hubbs, 1955). The incidence of natural hybridization among freshwater fishes seems to be a function of environment, decreasing gradually from north temperate to tropical zones. It also appears to be in versely correlated with diversity and therefore, in the tropical highly diverse fish fauna of the Amazon region, only a low frequency of natural hybrids may be expected. However, it is probable that in this region some hybrids have already been studied and identified as distinct species while others are still to be discovered. This paper concerns ecological and morphological aspects of three Amazonian forms of the genus Semaprochilodus Fowler (Characoid, Prochilodontidae) and provides evidences on this respect. Semaprochi/odus insignis (jaraqui escama grossa) and S. taeniurus (jara qui escama fina) are two median size, sympatric species of high abundance in Central Amazonia. During their extensive and complex migrations (Ribeiro, 1983) a third cryptic species (jaraqui-acu) was found in a very low frequency (1 :880 individuaIs) mixed to individuaIs of both species but never in isolated schoo!s. ln the beginning of the annual floods schools of mature males and females of both species of jaraquis were captured in Rio Negro migrating downstream to spawn in the turbid waters of Rio Amazon. Mature males of jaraqui-acu were also found in these schools. Females of jaraqui-acu were never captured in the spawning area nor were they found in state of sexual maturation throughout the year. ln this pape r 54 individuaIs of S. insignis, 48 of S. taeniurus and 42 of jaraqui-acu were used for the morphological study of these three forms. All individuaIs were collected with non-selective beach seines from schools mi grating in Rio Negro. All measurements and counts were based in the last review of the genus Semaprochilodus (Mago Leccia, 1972). The amplitudes of variation and means of body proportions and counts are presented and they were analized by the method of overlap of means (Royce, 1957). The diffe rences between two means were tested in terms of common standard deviation of samples and the value of three standard deviations was taken as indicative of interspecific differences between two samples. This value corresponded to 13% of overlap between the samples and the percentage of characters distinct at this leveI constituted the interspecific differenciation degree. The following comparisons can be obtained from Table 1: The jaraqui-acu is neither so elongated as S. taeniurus nor so deep as S. insignis. ln this new form, its back is but little more elevated than in this first species but not sharply so as in the former. Post dorsal region not so straight so that upper profile is sinous and forms an obtuse angle at origin of dorsal which is intermediate as compared to both species. Lower profile more or .Iess evenly convexo Therefore, body shape is neither smooth and linear as in S. taeniurus nor rhomboid as in S. insignis. Dorsal, anal, pectoral and pelvic fins are inserted in an intermediate position in jaraqui-acu as com pared to S. insignis (behind) and S. taeniurus (in front). Body coloration is similar to that of S. insignis especially in the reddish pectoral and pelvic fins. The number of black bands in each lobe of caudal fin in jaraqui-acu (3-6) is intermediate between that of S. taeniurus (3-5) and S. insignis (3-7). All


The paper is concerned with the free boundary problem for 2D current-vortex sheets in ideal incompressible magneto-hydrodynamics near the transition point between the linearized stability and instability. In order to study the dynamics of the discontinuity near the onset of the instability, Hunter and Thoo have introduced an asymptotic quadratically nonlinear integro-differential equation for the amplitude of small perturbations of the planar discontinuity. The local-in-time existence of smooth solutions to the Cauchy problem for such amplitude equation was already proven, under a suitable stability condition. However, the solution found there has a loss of regularity (of order two) from the initial data. In the present paper, we are able to obtain an existence result of solutions with optimal regularity, in the sense that the regularity of the initial data is preserved in the motion for positive times.


Academic librarians face multiple barriers in conducting the research that is expected in their work, yet they still manage to successfully complete it. This study aimed to identify the factors that contribute to their success. Through an online survey sent via email to a random sample of academic librarians in the United States, we gathered and analyzed quantitative data about education and experience, demographics, success factor statements, and research productivity to determine which factors are related to increased research output. We found that three categories of factors—Individual Attributes, Peers and Community, and Institutional Structures and Supports—contribute positively to overall research output. We identified several elements that academic librarians may want to pursue to increase research productivity, with Peers and Community identified as a category for exploration. Overall, we found that academic librarians are highly motivated to conduct research, yet the factors leading to their success are complex and varied.


High purity individual rare earth oxides are increasingly used as major components in lasers (YZ0 3), phosphors (YV03, EUZ03), magnetic bubble memory films (Gdz0 3) and refractive-index lenses and fibre optics ( LaZ0 3) • The determination of individual lanthanides in high purity rare earth oxides is a more important and difficult task. This paper reports the utilization of higher order derivative spectrophotometry for the simultaneous determination of dysprosium, holmium and erbium in high purity rare earth oxides. The developed procedure is simple, reliable and allows the determination of 0.001 to 0.2% of dysprosium, holmium and erbium in several rare earth oxides.


The new model of a soil moisture sensor is capacitance type sensor which designed from two parallel-plates, in which, soil being measured is located between both electrodes and act as a dielectric material of the capacitor. The sensor model is claimed with a number of advantages especially to solve the problem on the application of conductance type sensors. SKU:SEN0193 is one of a low cost soil moisture sensor which is available on the commercial market. Before applied, it is necessary to know the performance and characteristic of the sensor for local soil application. The purpose of this research is to calibrate the soil moisture sensor for soil humidity measurement. For this, the sensor coupled with such signal conditioning circuit is connected to an Arduino microcontroller and LCD for data acquisition system. The sensor responses to varied moisture of soil samples are compared to the gravimetric methods. In this research, the sensor is calibrated for sandy loam soil texture obtained from Bangka Regency. The result showed that soil moisture content readings by SKU:SEN0193 is not affected by different volume of soil and soil temperature, but is little affected by ambient environmental temperature conditions. There is direct relationship between the soil moisture content (y) and the sensor response (x), sensor performs well so it can be used to measure the moisture content of sandy clay soil sample.


A facile synthesis of novel symmetrical and unsymmetrical bis-[spiro(indole-indazolylthiazolidine)-2,4′-diones] 5a-f has been achieved via hitherto unknown bis-Schiff bases 3a-f, which in turn have been prepared from the earlier reported (1H-indol-2,3-dione)-1,1′-(1,6hexanediyl)bis 1a-c and 5-substituted-1-[6-(2,3-dioxoindolyl)hexyl]-1H-indol-2,3-diones 1d-f.


When conservative therapy fails for chronic parotitis, sialendoscopic treatment or surgical excision can be considered. However, these are financially costly or invasive. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin (BTX) injection and to further analyze its effect on parotid gland function and volume using salivary single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)‐computed tomography (CT).


ABSTRACT Production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a medium where human epidermal keratinocytes were cocultured with Trichophyton mentagrophytes for 1 to 12 h. IL-8 and TNF-α mRNAs were also detected in the keratinocytes cocultured with T. mentagrophytes.


This research shows the experience gained from characterizing and modeling 31 oil and gas fields located within the Middle East and North Africa regions. Analyzing and interpreting the results of these studies showed that five factors are affecting to a great extent the field development scenario(s). Regardless of the reservoir's type, depth, depositional environment or the diagenetic history; the trap's geometry, type or mechanism; the fluid's type, properties or composition; the recovery method's type or period; and the production history length, it is proved that three major technical and two non-technical factors are controlling the success of any field development plan. These are: reservoir heterogeneity, fault transmissibility, fracture effect, integration of people, data and managers and human resources. The targets of this paper are to highlight the major challenges modelers will face while characterizing and modeling their reservoirs and recommending the best solutions to overcome these challenges. Understanding these challenges benefits an integrated system for assisting in management of reservoir assets and demonstrates the latest appropriate technologies to increase productivity of any asset team.


This study aimed to explore the management styles of women managers and its effects on their job performance with the following objectives: to identify the management style of women managers in as determined by the subordinates and the women managers themselves; to know the level of performance of women managers as rated by the subordinates and the women managers themselves; to find significant differences in the ratings given by the two groups of respondents namely the women managers and subordinates; to know if there is a significant relationship between the level of performance of women managers and their management styles; and to formulate management strategies that may be proposed to enhance performance of women managers as a prime mover for the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). To pursue the objectives of this study, a questionnaire was distributed to women managers and their subordinates. Moreover, descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage was used for the profile of women managers. Weighted mean was also used to determine the level of performance of women managers as assessed by their subordinates and to identify the most used management style. T-test and Pearson R was also utilized for computing statistical data. This study intended to propose management strategies to enhance the job performance of women managers and their subordinates. It is hopeful that these management strategies be adapted by women managers in Daet, Camarines Norte, the Philippines, and the members of the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), which may be of help to their organizational successes. The following conclusions were obtained from the findings of the study: 1) The management style of the women managers as seen by majority of their subordinates is of the Autocratic style while the management style the women managers see themselves as possessing is the Laissez-Faire style of management. 2) The level of performance of women managers as rated by their subordinates is in the satisfactory evaluation level while as the women managers get to rate themselves in terms of their performance, they had given a straight Good result in the evaluation scale. 3) There is a significant difference on the ratings of women managers and their subordinates on the management styles of the women managers. There is also a significant difference on the ratings of women managers and their subordinates on the job performance of the women managers. 4) There is no significant relationship between the level of performance of women managers and their management styles. 5) The management strategies proposed by the researcher may substantiate and enhance the job performance of women managers in the Bicol Region, the Philippines and the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Economic Community, into which our country is a member, and their subordinates, by being able to seek solutions to problems, foster group collaboration and camaraderie, implement strategic decisions and initiate organizational changes. Also, the focus of the proposed management strategies of the researcher that may be implemented to SME's (Small Medium Enterprise) which is considered as the lifeblood of the economy of the member-nations of the ASEAN Economic Community.


The research on young children and race has previously relied on Piagetian developmental concepts to describe ages and stages in the development of children's racial and ethnic understandings, leaving uninvestigated the situated meaning and consequences of children's learning. Drawing from a qualitative study of young children's (ages 3.5 to 5.5) day-to-day experiences with racial and ethnic diversity in an early childhood classroom, this article takes a critical sociocultural approach to examine children's language and social interactions. Classroom participant observation and interviews with six focal students revealed children actively constructing understandings by appropriating various social tools. The children in this study enacted racial and ethnic identities, constructed theories about how differences operate, formed peer groups, and made sense of the multitude of messages they received about diversity.


To increase the cleaning rate of the cooking fat, a limited amount of solubilized liquid detergent composition comprising a nonionic surfactant, and methods of use thereof.


Form the late 18th century,history has always taken pursuing o bjectivity as its research means and aim.With the development and maturity of hi story,many scholars have acknowledged that history narratives involved personal ideas and there was subjectivity in history research.This idea has been canonize d by some postmodernists who deem that history was only imaginary texts.It is pu t forward in this paper that there is both truth and imagination in history,whic h depends on the objectivity and subjectivity of history itself.


The BaCuxFe12-xO19 and BaAlxFe12-xO19 (x = 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2) materials were prepared via sol-gel auto combustion technique. Further, the X-ray diffraction patterns suggested the formation of single phase hexagonal structure. This work is aimed to study the effect of diamagnetic and paramagnetic elements on magnetic characteristics of BaFe12O19. The results established that in the case of diamagnetic (Cu) substitution, the saturation magnetization was increased and decreased alternatively. Furthermore, it was noticed that the coercivity values of all doped samples were lower than those of undoped samples. But the replacement of Fe3+ with paramagnetic (Al) element led to a decrease in saturation magnetization and to a significant increase in the coercive field.


Previous parts of this series have presented methods for the evaluation of titration data. This paper shows the utility of some of these methods and extensions of them for solving a practical problem, i.e., the determination of alkalinity and total carbonate in sea water. The procedure is based on the solution of a set of linear equations.The method presented has been tested on theoretical and experimental titration data and has given results that compare extremely well with those obtained by using non-linear curve-fitting methods.


Saccadic eye movements in response to visual stimuli (V-saccade), auditory stimuli (A-saccade) and auditory-visual stimuli (AV-saccade) were recorded and analyzed. Human saccade data was collected using a SMI Hi-Speed eye tracking system and analyzed with a FORTRAN program, which was used to compute parameter estimates for a 1D saccadic eye movement model. Saccade characteristics were investigated, and the results of saccadic eye movements induced by the three different stimuli types were compared. The auditory-visual stimuli provided the greatest saccade accuracy. Peak velocity increased with increasing saccade amplitude as an exponential shape, while A-saccade showed lower values than V-saccade and AV-saccade. Duration was linearly proportional to saccade amplitude and it was longer for A-saccade. Latent period was relatively independent of saccade amplitude, but there was a significant reduction in AV-saccade.


In this article, we examine how risk discourses related to health and physical activity are used and understood by the young people in a Danish school setting. We aim to give a detailed account of students' experiences and to present their views on how they understand and comprehend matters concerning their own health. The study on which this article is based was designed to form the basis of an intervention through action research in the school setting. To undertake such an intervention, we needed to know what kind of meanings the students of upper secondary school impute to health, risk and physical activity and to understand the dominant discourses of health in this setting. The article draws on four focus group interviews with secondary school students (N = 30 students). Groupings were created with equal numbers of boys and girls between the ages of 15 and 17 years, and all of the students are from middle class families. The focus group interviews were developed as group interviews that enabled participants share their views on health, risk and physical activity. We drew on risk sociology to analyse participants' accounts of the opportunities and challenges provided by sports and physical activity in the upper secondary school setting. For the young people in our study, risk could be both enabling and constraining aspects of risk. Their everyday life was not marked by avoidance of risk and health issues. They pictured an 'ideal of the civilised body' – one that was not being fat – and they disciplined their action by doing fitness activities regardless of whether they liked them or not. For these young people, the sports and partying (including alcohol consumption) cultures were not in conflict but were part of the same culture of optimism and components of their prefered lifestyle. Such findings indicate that future health messages about sports/physical activity for young people should focus on positive contributions to life rather than judgement, deprivation and asceticism and that health promotion should be considered in terms of an aesthetic interest in life.


Objectives: to promote Primary Health Care for workers of the "Hospital J. R. Vidal" of the city of Corrientes, and foster healthy life habits. To plan task distribution among workers according to their competence and health status. To award the institution the status of "Healthy Hospital" in one year. Methods: The Project was run by the hospital Labor Health service, working in coordination with other institutional services. A data base was created; clinical records, laboratory exams, and vaccination schemes were drawn up; health education, sports and recreational activities, standardization and healthcare improvement seminars and training of the personnel were implemented in order to improve workplace atmosphere. Results: 528 health exams were carried out, which led to the detection of 121 cases of hypertension (22.9%), 32 cases of diabetes (6%), and 340 cases of overweight and obesity (64.7%). Various health education workshops were conducted, besides mental health interventions, vaccination campaigns and detection of communicable infections and oncological pathologies. Conclusions: a health care institution has the specific mission of serving community health needs, but it must also promote the mental and physical health of the personnel in charge of its services. Having spent six years in charge of the hospital, we still continue to promote these values.


For a parallel engine cooling system,influence of fan,radiator and intercooler installation condition on the aerodynamic characteristics was experimented and studied based on multiple reference coordinate model and porous medium model.The results indicate that for the system examined,when axial distance between fan and radiator is 65mm,optimal aerodynamic characteristics can be achieved and the wider the radial clearance between fan and its shield,the poorer the aerodynamic characteristics.At fan speed of 2 200 r/min,the radial clearance changes from 10 mm to 30 mm,the internal efficiency drops by nearly 50%.In low speed region,the aerodynamic characteristics are not affected obviously by variation of the distance between fan and radiator,and in high speed region,they change obviously within distance 150 mm,beyond 150 mm,the change becomes inconspicuous.


A polystyrene-based membrane of 3,4:11,12-dibenzo-2,5,10,13-tetraoxo-1,6,9,14-tetraazacyclohexadecane was prepared and investigated as a Ni2+-selective electrode. The best performance was observed with the membrane having polystyrene to ligand composition of 1:6, which worked well over a wide concentration range, 3.16×10−6–1.00×10−1 mol L−1 with a near Nernstian slope of 30.7 mV per decade of activity between pH 2.5 to 7.0. The electrode exhibits a fast response time of 10 s and was used over a period of 2 months with good reproducibility (S=±0.2 mV). The selectivity coefficient values for monovalent, bivalent and trivalent cations indicate excellent selectivity for Ni2+ ions and it also works satisfactorily in a partially nonaqueous medium of methanol and ethanol. The practical utility of the membrane sensor was observed in solutions contaminated with detergents, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate and the sensor was used successfully to determine nickel in electroplating waste.


Mechanical behavior of a bilayer graphene cylindrical panel and nano-tube is studied based
on nonlocal continuum mechanics with regard to this aim, von-Karman assumptions and
nonlocal theory of Eringen are considered. Then, the governing equations and boundary con-
ditions have been derived applying energy method. While analyzing the bilayer cylindrical
panel, the van der Waals interaction between the layers is considered in calculations. The
constitutive equations are developed for nano-tubes under internal and external pressures.
In order to solve the governing equations, the semi-analytical polynomial method (SAPM),
which was presented by the authors before, is utilized and bending behavior of bilayer cylin-
drical panels and nano-tubes is investigated. Finally, the effects of temperature, boundary
conditions, elastic foundation, loading, van der Waals interaction between the layers and
single layer to bilayer analyses are studied for graphene cylindrical panels and nano-tubes.


The flutter and thermal buckling behavior of laminated composite panels embedded with shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are studied in this research. The classical plate theory and nonlinear von-Karman strain-displacement relation are employed to investigate the aeroelastic behavior of the smart laminated panel. The thermodynamic behaviors of SMA wires are simulated based on one-dimensional Brinson SMA model. The aerodynamic pressure on the panel is described by the nonlinear piston theory. Nonlinear governing partial differential equations of motion are derived for the panel via the Hamilton principle. The effects of ply angle of the composite panel, SMA layer location and orientation, SMA wires temperature, volume fraction and prestrain on the buckling, flutter boundary, and amplitude of limit cycle oscillation of the panel are analyzed in detail.


1. Again the membership of the Association shows a very satisfactory increase. The present figure is 49,323, representing a net increase of 3,186 during the year. Since 1939 the Association's membership has increased by 10,000. The Roll of Honour includes the names of 52 medical officers killed on active service; 29 who have died on active service; and 4 civilian members killed by enemy action. In addition the Association has to deplore the loss by death of 502 members. Dr. H. Guy Dain, Birmingham, has been re-elected Chairman of Council until the termination of the Annual Representative Meeting, 1946.


The T cell antigen receptor consists of two chains, denoted a and (3, each of which is composed of a variable (V) region and a constant (C) region (reviewed in 1 and 2) . The 0 chain consists of a V region of ^-120 amino acids and a C region of ^-170 amino acids (3, 4) . The V,3 region is encoded by three gene segments, V,3, Do, and Jo, that are joined together during T cell development to generate a complete VQ gene (5, 6) . DNA rearrangement recognition signals that mediate variable gene formation are located 3' to the V,3 gene segments, 5' to the J0 gene segments, and on both sides of the D,3 gene segments ; these are similar to the rearrangement recognition signals of immunoglobulins, and consist of conserved heptamer and nonamer sequences that are separated by variable spacer sequences of either 12 by or 23 by (5-11) . The germline V,8 gene segments in the mouse genome are grouped into many singleor low-copy subfamilies of closely-related gene segments, each member >_75% homologous, at the DNA level, to the other members (12-14). Of the 14 mouse Vs gene segment subfamilies analyzed to date, 12 contain only one member, and two contain three members (12-14) . Human Vo gene segments appear to be organized in a similar fashion. The 15 Va subfamilies consist of one subfamily of six members, one with five members, one with four members, two with three members, four with two members, and six with one member (15) . In contrast, the immunoglobulin and a chain V gene segments can be grouped into subfamilies that range in size from 4 to over 50 members (16-20) . In the course of our study of the human V,e gene segments, we identified one subfamily, originally denoted VOM3 and now referred to as Vs8, that contained five members and is one of the largest Vf3 subfamilies reported to date (6). This subfamily provided a unique opportunity to study the structure, organization, and evolution of V,3 subfamilies. We have isolated cosmids and X clones containing the five members of this subfamily, and each was characterized by subcloning and sequence analysis . In addition, we have used the field-inversion gel electrophoresis technique (21 and E. Lai and L. E. Hood, manuscript in preparation) to analyze the genomic organization and linkage of the V,38 subfamily.


An algorithm is given for deriving the dependence of the deflection of a planar statically determinate beam truss on the number of panels, dimensions and load. Three load cases are considered: uniform load on the lower belt, upper belt and vertical force in the middle of the span. By induction, generalizing a series of solutions for trusses with a consecutively increasing number of panels, the desired formula is obtained for the deflection and horizontal displacement of the mobile support of the truss. All transformations are performed in the system of symbolic mathematics Maple. For a sequence of coefficients of the desired formula, using the special Maple operators, homogeneous recurrent equations are constructed and solved. The coefficients found are in the form of polynomials in the number of panels. The asymptotic property of the solution is found. On the graphs of the dependence of the deflection on the number of panels and on the height, extreme points are found. The solution can be used to test the calculations obtained numerically.


establishing the fledgling New Zealand programme. Whilst much of what he has to say will be familiar to anyone who has worked in the Antarctic there is a subtle blend of both determination and pride in what they achieved. As a physicist his role was to establish the first Kiwi Antarctic magnetic observatory but, of course, like everyone else he had to take a full part in building the station as well. Some of the information he gives is interesting how, for example, Hillary decided that the site at Butter Point originally selected for the station was inaccessible and Pram Point was chosen by him instead to the consternation of those who wanted to be away from the Americans and some of the scientists for whom Ross Island was not ideal. As Gerard says that ''the Scott Base magnetic observatory must be easily the most poorly sited magnetic observatory in the world'', but Hillary was not concerned about the scientific requirements. Indeed, as Gerard remarks, his scientific huts were the last to be built. His account of the air hostesses that arrived on board a chartered Pan American Stratocruiser will bring wry smiles to those whose memories stretch back to an Antarctic culture completely without women. And his comments on the ''race to the Pole'', although suggesting this was created by the media, recognize that Hillary had this in mind from a very early stage as he was an ambitious man and getting to the Pole first would raise his own profile as well as that of New Zealand. As it turned out the enthusiasm for things Antarctic generated by this in New Zealand was crucial in ensuring that the government continued to support scientific research after IGY. In his final chapters he discusses tourism into the Ross Sea, the Mt Erebus air crash and the weather during Scott's expedition. He also makes some interesting comments about the effects of free alcohol on performance after he left the station and on the lack of the organization of New Zealand activities in those days! The publishers say this seems to be the only first-hand account by a scientist of the building and establishment of Scott Base and as such provides a much needed personal view to read alongside the official narrative in Helm and Miller (1964) and the brief account in Fuchs and Hillary (1958). These days scientists do not need to build their own stations and, despite all the efforts and experience, planning still sometimes goes awry. However, it would appear that the experience of overwintering has not changed much and is still something that can be a truly formative experience.


The restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) has recently been demonstrated as a useful tool to solve the quantum many-body problems. In this work we propose tanh-FCN, which is a single-layer fully connected neural network adapted from RBM, to study ab initio quantum chemistry problems. Our contribution is two-fold: (1) our neural network only uses real numbers to represent the real electronic wave function, while we obtain comparable precision to RBM for various prototypical molecules; (2) we show that the knowledge of the Hartree-Fock reference state can be used to systematically accelerate the convergence of the variational Monte Carlo algorithm as well as to increase the precision of the final energy.


ABSTRACT This study shows the occurrence of numerous iceberg imprints on the bottom of former ice-dammed lakes in Härjedalen, west-central Sweden. Discussion of the genesis of the so-called "impact crater" known as the Tor structure at Torbygget, which is located in this area, motivated an examination of the area using high-resolution digital elevation models. Previous investigations have suggested that this crater was created by a meteorite impact about 2000 years ago, forming a semi-round depression. The results of our investigation clearly indicate that the feature was formed by a grounding iceberg, scouring the bed of an ice-dammed lake during deglaciation about 11 000-10 000 cal. BP. Geomorphic evidence of an ice-dammed lake (multiple and abundant well-developed shorelines) are consistent with earlier mapping efforts in the area. Furthermore, an abundance of geomorphological traces of iceberg activity is found within the paleo-ice-dammed lake basins. Based on this we suggest that the depression at Torbygget is not an impact crater but formed by a grounded iceberg.


N - p - tosyl - mopholine or N - p - tosyl - tetrahydropyrrole and N - methyl - p -toluenesulfonamide were prepared by the reactions of N - trimethylsilyl - p - toluenesulfonamide with 3 - oxa -1,5 - pentadiol ditosylate or 1,4- butadiol ditosylate and methyl p - tosylate respectively. The possible pathway was suggested.


This paper presents a new quaternion-based method to estimate the camera parameters in a single video stream to interpolate 3D trajectory of the moving camera with camera parameters. We assume that the camera looks at three fixed points while translating and rotating in 3D space. To estimate the camera parameters, we get a set of nonlinear equations derived from a geometric perspective camera model. We have a large number of image frames to find each camera parameters while the number of unknown camera model parameters cannot be determined from a single frame. In order to solve this problem, we used interpolation to approximate camera movement in both translation and rotation. This was done using the concept of control node set at the specific frame in the video stream. The camera movement is based on acceleration level control while satisfying physical constraints. The control node is the set of variables used to determine acceleration-based interpolated equation used for data fitting. In this process, we used quaternion to interpolate orientation of the camera. The acceleration-based data fitting problem is solved using nonlinear parameter optimization solver, GRG2. Our experimental results show that this approach to estimate camera parameters and 3D trajectory of the camera moment is robust enough to handle image sequences of a common scene without sudden change in camera moment.


【In this paper, a new method of position synchronizing control is proposed for multi-axes driving system. The proposed position synchronizing control system is constituted with speed and synchronizing controller. The speed controller is aimed at the following to speed reference. Furthermore, it is designed to guarantee low sensitivity under some disturbance as well as robustness against model uncertainties using $H_{\infty}$ technique. The synchronizing controller is designed to keep minimizing the position error using PID control law which is considered to reduce the dimension of transfer function in the control system. Especially, the proposed method can be easily conducted by controlling only slave axis speed, because it, has variable structure which is decided to master and slave axis by the sign of synchronizing error. Therfore, the master axis which is smaller influenced than another axes by disturbance can be controlled without reducing or increasing its speed for precise position synchronization. The effectiveness of the proposed method is sucessfully confirmed through many experiments.s.】


ERRONEOUS distributional records are among the most difficult items to correct. Once published they often persist despite all contrary efforts, and even after long abandonment they may again reappear. The more often the errors have been repeated and the longer they have remained uncorrected, the more difficult it is to put the record straight. With these ideas in mind I offer several reidentifications of fishes from Minnesota. These changes restrict the assigned ranges of the species in the state. In particular, records of southern species from Lake of the Woods on the Canadian border are shown to have been based on misidentified specimens of northern kinds. These erroneous records have led to false assumptions on the routes taken by the species in the Postglacial reinvasion of northern regions (Greene, 1935). One species, Notropis percobromus (Cope), hitherto confounded with N. atherinoides, is added to the Minnesota state list, recently compiled by Eddy and Surber (1943). Thanks are due Dr. Leonard P. Schultz of the National Museum and Dr. Samuel Eddy of the University of Minnesota for the privilege of examining specimens that formed the basis of the erroneous records, and for other cooperation. Dr. Lloyd L. Smith, Jr., of the Minnesota Department of Conservation, has furnished other information and specimens. Dr. Reeve M. Bailey has furnished similar assistance.


Breast cancer was the most frequent and the second most deadly cancer in women in 2018 in China; thus, early diagnosis of breast cancer is important. Studies have reported that tissue stiffness promotes cancer progression through increased collagen or fibrosis. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a technique for measuring tissue stiffness. However, the mechanisms underlying cancer tissue stiffness or fibrosis are not entirely clear. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1α) is expressed in response to hypoxia and contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. Kindlin‐2 is an important co‐activator of integrin. We have reported that Kindlin‐2 influences breast cancer stiffness and metastasis. In this study, SWE was used to determine the maximum elasticity (Emax) of patients before operation or core needle biopsy. The specimens were used for staining. Knockdown, overexpression, co‐immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence assays were used to explore the relationship between HIF‐1α and Kindlin‐2. We found that HIF‐1α and Kindlin‐2 were highly expressed in invasive breast cancer and that the expression levels of HIF‐1α and Kindlin‐2 were correlated with Emax. HIF‐1α interacts with Kindlin‐2. Besides, HIF‐1α and Kindlin‐2 influence the expression of P4HA1, an important protein in collagen biogenesis through the integrin/FAK pathway. Our study first identified a new mechanism of invasive breast cancer stiffness by linking HIF‐1α and Kindlin‐2 to collagen biogenesis. Therefore, based on SWE, Emax could be a physical biomarker of invasive breast cancer for early, noninvasive diagnosis, and HIF‐1α and Kindlin‐2 could be pathological markers for early diagnosis and targeted therapy.


The gas current in a stagnant zone is considered, the analysis of gasdynamic parameters of an interface is carried out, the conclusion is drawn on dimensions of the most critical zone of thermal and power influence of an interface on an external surface of a charge and the case of the rocket engine, calculation of a thermal condition of a charge with the damaged reserving covering is carried out, probable causes of an engine failure are established.


The invention discloses a CT (computed tomography) shelter for a shelter medical system. The CT shelter comprises a vehicle chassis with high strength of mechanical property, a CT examination cabin body which is arranged above the vehicle chassis for CT examination, a cab which is arranged in front of the vehicle chassis in a matched way, and wheels which are arranged below the vehicle chassis in the matched way; an air conditioner outdoor unit, a cold start device and an independent heater device are arranged on the top of the cab in the matched way; and after a radiation protection layer is arranged in the CT examination cabin body, vehicle type CT equipment is mounted, a balance rod capable of enabling the ground where the CT examination cabin body in to be adjusted to a horizontal direction according to a different geographical environment is further arranged, and a power supply system for supplying electricity for the vehicle type CT equipment is further arranged. According to the CT shelter for the shelter medical system, the defects of weak emergency capability, poor safety reliability, weak environmental adaptability, poor stability and the like in the prior art can be overcome, and the advantages of strong emergency capability, good safety reliability, strong environmental adaptability and excellent stability are realized.


Objective: To explore the relationship between goal setting and fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and physical activity (PA) in an intervention for college students. Methods: Secondary data analysis of intervention group participants from a 10-week online intervention with complete weekly data (n ¼ 724). Outcomes (cups of FV per day and minutes of PA per week) and goals for both behaviors were reported online each week. Weekly differences between goals and behaviors were calculated, as well as the proportion meeting individual goals and meeting recommendations for behaviors. Results: There were significant (P < .05) effects of goal setting on both behaviors and of goal group (tertile of meeting weekly goals) on behavior, as well as meeting recommendations for both behaviors. There was an increase in FV consumption (P < .001) but no change in PA over time. Conclusions and Implications: Goal setting as part of a Web-based intervention for college students was effective, but results differed for FV and PA. Goal setting for maintaining behavior may need to differ from goal setting for changing behavior.


Abstract A wind tunnel experiment for characterizing theaerodynamic and propulsion forces and momentsacting on a research model airplane is described. Themodel airplane, called the Free-flying Airplane forSub-scale Experimental Research (FASER), is amodified off-the-shelf radio-controlled modelairplane, with 7 ft wingspan, a tractor propellerdriven by an electric motor, and aerobatic capability.FASER was tested in the NASA Langley 12-footLow-Speed Wind Tunnel. using a combination oftraditional sweeps and modem experiment design.Power level was included as an independent variablein the wind tunnel test, to allow characterization ofpower effects on aerodynamic forces and moments.A modeling technique that employs multivariateorthogonal functions was used to develop accurateanalytic models for the aerodynamic and propulsionforce and moment coefficient dependencies from thewind tunnel data. Efficient methods for generatingorthogonal modeling functions, expanding theorthogonal modeling functions in terms of ordinarypolynomial functions, and analytical orthogonalblocking were developed and discussed. Theresulting models comprise a set of smooth,differentiable functions for the non-dimensionalaerodynamic force and moment coefficients in termsof ordinary polynomials in the independent variables,suitable for nonlinear aircraft simulation.


The use of weights and/or dimensions as a means of fostering productivity improvements in the transportation of freight by road is described. Saskatchewan Bulk Commodity Policy is set forth, and it is shown how the Policy has enabled participating industries to realize transport cost savings through higher weights and/or dimensions without increasing road infrastructure costs to taxpayers and without adversely affecting the safety of the travelling public. A comparison of the transport costs for a hypothetical bulk haul at various weights is presented from both the industry's and the province's perspective. A second case study looks at the benefits of designing the vehicle for the road system. In conclusion, the paper looks at the success of the Policy to date and future directions.


BackgroundBecause of the long life expectancy of young total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients and the limited durability of prosthetic implants in young patients, surgeon's always must take into account that the primary THA will be revised in the future. Therefore, not only the survival of the primary total hip in young patients is important, but we would also like to accentuate the revisability of a primary THA in this specific and high demanding patient population.MethodsBased on our philosophy, we always use cemented hip in young patients, if needed with acetabular bone impaction grafting. 343 consecutive cemented THA in 270 patients under the age of 50 years were evaluated, all implanted between 1988 and 2006. We also assessed the results of the revised THA (n=53) within the same population. Clinical, radiographical and survival of primary and revision THA were evaluated.OutcomeSurvival analysis of all 343 hips with endpoint revision for any reason of either component showed a survival of 86% after 10 ...


International Trade Practice Course adopt experimental teaching for personnel training needs.The paper study on experimental courses in the position of practice teaching and the contents of test,with a view to afford appropriate help for international trade teaching reform.


As an environmental policy that directly brings economic benefits to farmers, ecological compensation should achieve the dual goals of ecological environmental protection and rural poverty reduction. With the implementation of various ecological compensation projects, a large number of studies began to focus on the impact of ecological compensation projects on rural labor transfer employment. However, most of the existing studies focus on a specific project and fail to consider a comparative analysis of different types of projects. Therefore, this study used the survey data of 1279 rural laborers in the Yanqing District of Beijing to analyze the impact of different types of ecological compensation projects on the transfer employment of rural labor from the perspective of self-development capacity. The results show that post-based ecological compensation projects provide a low quality of posts and weaken the initiative of participants to further expand their employment channels. Land-based projects downsize agricultural production and reduce the agricultural production activities of participants, without significantly increasing their likelihood of transfer employment. In the long run, the current implementation of ecological compensation projects may cause problems regarding labor surpluses and land restoration. This study has certain practical application value and practical guiding significance for further improving the design of ecological compensation mechanisms.


Introduction Recent reports have provided evidence that supports delivery by vacuum extraction in preference to obstetric forceps1s2. These studies show that vacuum extraction results in a decreased risk and severity of trauma to both mother and fetus and reduced analgesic requirements during delivery, with greater simplicity and safety compared to f o r ~ e p s ~ * ~ . This instrument can be used in place of forceps in almost every situation, including malpositions of the occiput4, '. Unlike forceps delivery, vacuum extraction is possible before full cervical dilatation5. Many writers have commented on a worrying lack of use of vacuum extraction in British obstetric practice, which runs contrary to trends in other countries, where it has replaced forceps'. The purpose of this survey was to determine actual use of vacuum extraction and forceps in the United Kingdom.


Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial Intelligence (AI) aiming to develop systems that can learn and continuously improve the abilities through generalization in an autonomous manner. ML is presently all around us, almost every facet of our digital and real life is embedding some ML related content. Customer recommendation systems, customer behavior prediction, fraud detection, speech recognition, image recognition, black & white movies colorization, accounting fraud detection are just some examples of the vast range of applications in which ML is involved. The techniques that this paper investigates are mainly focused on the use of neural networks in accounting and finance research fields. An artificial neural network is modelling the brain ability of learning intricate patterns from the information presented at its inputs using elementary interconnected units, named neurons, grouped in layers and trained by means of a learning algorithm. The performance of the network depends on many factors like the number of layers, the number of each neurons in each layer, the learning algorithm, activation functions, to name just a few of them. Machine learning algorithms have already started to replace humans in jobs that require document's processing and decision making.


Objective To analyze the clinical value of transvaginal ultrasonography endometrial lesions. Methods 100 cases of endometrial lesions in patients in our hospital from 2010 January to 2011 January received treatment as the object of study, and were randomly divided into theobservation group and control group, 50 cases of patients in each group, the observation group were treated bytransvaginal ultrasound(TVS) examination, the control group were treated by transabdominal ultrasound(TAS) examination to compare the two groups of diagnosis results. Results In the observation of endometrial lesions by transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis rate was 96%, 2 cases were misdiagnosed, abdominal ultrasound diagnosis of endometrial lesionsdiagnosis rate was 78%, the rate of misdiagnosis in 11 cases, differences between the two groups of data significantly, with statistical significance, P 0.05. Conclusion Transvaginal ultrasound(TVS) on endometrial lesion confirmed a high rate, can types of effective patients diagnosed of endometrial lesions, to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis, further treatment for endometrial lesions, provide reliable references, it is worthy of popularization and application in clinical diagnosis.


On the basis of community interviews and wild quantity investigation in the night to Nycticebus pygmaeuses, we surveyed the current distribution and quantity situation of N. pygmaeus at the Daweishan Nature Reserves in Pingbian during the following three periods: February 6-27, 2009, October 1-24, 2009 and April 20-25, 2010, and the total 10 areas were study. The results showed that Anacardiaceae, Rosaceae and Fagaceae were dominant families in the feeding habitat. The dominant vegetations were Elaeocarpaceae, Fagaceae and Moraceae which were dominant families in the distribution area. Moreover, the distribution sites and quantity results suggested that the pygmy lorises were mainly distributed in the lower elevation areas, including Jiwo, Shitouzhai, Gantian, Tianxin, Nuomi, Huoshan, Maweichong, Dujia and Bimayi villages. The quantity was rare and only 2 entities were found personally at Dujia village' forest.