This work focuses on defect tolerance for nanodevice-based programmable interconnects of FPGAs. A single nanodevice can function as a routing switch in place of a pass transistor and its six-transistor SRAM cell in conventional FPGAs. Defects of nanodevices in programmable interconnects are manifested as losses of configurability and can be categorized into stuck- open defect and stuck- closed defect. First, we show that the stuck-closed defects of nanodevices have a much higher impact than the stuck-open defects. Instead of simply avoiding the stuck-closed defects, we recover them by treating them as shorting constraints in the routing. We develop a scalable algorithm to perform timing-driven routing under these extra constraints. We extend the idea of the resource negotiation to balance the goals of timing and routability under shorting constraints. We also develop several techniques to guide the router to map the shorting clusters to those nets with more shared paths for better utilization of routing resources while automatically balancing it with circuit performance. We also enhance the placement algorithm to recover logic blocks which become virtually unusable due to shorted pins. Simulation results show that at the up-to-date level of nanodevice defects (108-1011x higher than CMOS), compared to the simple avoidance method, our approach reduces the degradation of resource usage by 87%, improves the routability by 37%, and reduce the degradation of circuit performance by 36%, at a negligible overhead of tool runtime.


FIELD: biotechnologies. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of biotechnology, particularly to a method of simultaneous detection of multiple nucleotide sequences in a single polymerase chain reaction. EFFECT: proposed solution allows to perform amplification of a plurality of nucleotide sequences in one sample in a single reaction by coding them with the ratio of a specific structure forward primers number. 5 cl, 3 ex, 8 dwg


PurposeThis study aims to validate the KAIIAE model in the public sector and analyse the interrelationships between Enablers and Results in the King Abdullah II Award for Excellence (KAIIAE) model to better understand the dynamic logic behind improving excellence results.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used is structural equation modelling (partial least squares technique), and the data were obtained from the assessment processes for the KAIIAE for 98 Jordanian public organisations.FindingsThe findings showed that the award model has proven to be a reliable and valid framework, as the criteria and sub-criteria were highly correlated. The set of Enablers was strongly related to the set of Results, and the synergies between the critical criteria confirmed the importance of leadership, strategy, and processes for the organisation's excellence results. It was found that the new significant and direct relationships between "People" and "People Results" and between "Partnerships and Resources" and both "Society Results" and "Key Results" improved the understanding and implementation of the model. There was a significant interrelationship between model criteria, excluding the relationship between "Society Results" and "Key Results", since the government's main objective is to serve society. A new structural model for the KAIIAE with the new relationships was suggested.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper concentrated only on the public sector, although the excellence model has been implemented in the private sector. Features of the different types of organisations were not tested. Furthermore, the variations in size, covered fields, number of employees and provided services need to be investigated further.Practical implicationsGovernment award bodies can use these research findings to develop a new model version for public sector awards by combining a cohesive array of elements for any government organisational need or application. The study suggested adding new criteria or relationships or eliminating those that are not significant and have no impact on public sector organisations. The findings will assure the organisations' managers that the KAII excellence model criteria are highly correlated and synergised for public sector organisations. These criteria perform efficiently once they are considered and implemented in an interconnected manner rather than managing them independently, which makes up their management framework. This knowledge about the validity of the structure of the model allows public sector organisations to benefit fully from the self-assessment processes and improve the organisation's management, enhancing their faith in excellence award models.Social implicationsThis study has contributed to the existing literature on the reliability and validity of business excellence models as a framework for implementing, evaluating, and improving excellence, particularly in the government sector. Several important insights have emerged from this study. The relevant analysis supports a new model structure for excellence in the public sector. Among the model structure relationships, the study identified the existence of new direct relationships between enablers and results. New significant and direct relationships are added to the model that advances the implementation and understanding of the model. Moreover, it informs theory about Excellence Award implementation in developing countries within the context of Jordan – a topic that has previously received limited attention in the international business excellence literature. Since there is limited research on the suitability of implementing the KAIIEA excellence model (that is based on nine criteria of the EFQM model) in public organisations, this work suggested introducing a new modification to the model to suit the characteristics of the public sector.Originality/valueThe considerable prominence of the government sector has drawn attention to the excellence parameters within its organisations. Hence, a lack of studies and inadequate knowledge in the governmental management system have limited testing excellence in the public sector. This paper provides support that the excellence model (KAIIAE model that is EFQM based) is an appropriate framework by identifying direct and significant model interrelationships for the public sector based on the actual and sufficient performance of its entities so as to drive the changes of the next model generation. This is the first study that attempts to comprehend and describe the validation of the KAIIAE model in the public sector.


: In this work, we give two new Taylor expansions of arctan( x + ω ), where ω represents a finite increment of x . We discover several remarkable infinite series from these expansions by special substitutions. Some of these infinite series give BBP-type formulae.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield of cauliflower hybrids cultivated under conventional and alternative phytosanitary management system. Two experiments were carried out at Ituporanga Experimental Station (Epagri/EEItu) in August 2018 and 2019. In each management a randomized block design with four replications was adopted, with plots of twenty plants of each cultivar, useful plot consisting of six central plants. The seedlings were planted over oat and vetch straw. Aspects related to agronomic yield, quality of inflorescences, damage caused by pests and plant diseases, especially bacterial and fungal rot, were evaluated. The cauliflower hybrids Alpina, Verona and Julia are the most suitable for sowing in winter/spring crops, in the Alto Vale do Itajai region, SC. The control pests and diseases is possible with phytosanitary products of lower toxicity.


Possession (Akom) as Sign of Calling and Method of Services of Traditional Ashanti Priests

 The Ashanti people of Ghana call the phenomenon of spiritual possession akom. This fulfils the role of sign of calling and authentication of the function of speciali


The phylogenetic relationships of 30 taxa of Holarctic hylid frogs were examined using starch gel electrophoresis. Allelic variation was scored at 33 presumed genetic loci and genetic distance data were used to construct trees representing the phylogenetic relationships. There are two major groups: (A) Hyla regilla, H. cadaverina, H. crucifer, Limnaoedus ocularis, and all presently recognized species of Pseudacris; and (8) the remaining species of Holarctic Hylli. The positions of Acris and H. meridionalis are unclear. In general, the relationships based on electrophoretic data agree well with immunological, hybridization, and chromosome studies, but conflict with some morphological studies. A phylogenetic classification requires that H. regilla, H. cadaverina, H. crucifer, and L. ocularis be transferred to the genus Pseudacris. This genus is characterized by terrestrial species that breed during cold weather and possess small digital pads and spherical (or ovoid) dark testes. Holarctic Hyla are arboreal species that breed during warm weather and possess large digital pads and elongate white (or yellowish) testes. The correlation between albumin immunological distance (AID) and Nei's electrophoretic distance (D) is significant, with 1 D = 70 AlD. Calibration of the molecular clock for Holarctic hylid frogs suggests that Pseudacris diverged from a Hyla-like ancestor in the early Tertiary. The physiological traits associated with cold-weather breeding and the morphological trait (small digital pads) associated with terrestrial habits appear to have been key innovations that allowed Pseudacris to undergo an adaptive radiation in North America coinciding with the radiation of Holarctic Hyla. (Electrophoresis; phylogeny; genetic distance; molecular clock; Hylidae; Acris; Hyla; Limnaoedus; Pseudacris.) Molecular techniques such as electro phoresis, microcomplement fixation, and DNA-DNA hybridization have become important tools in systematic research. However, techniques other than sequenc ing are indirect in their assessment of ge netic differences. Redundancy of the ge netic code, differences between reciprocal comparisons, and convergence in electro phoretic mobility are a few of the sources of error that may influence the results of these methods. One approach to revealing the strengths and weaknesses of molecu lar techniques is by com paring the results of two or more techniques applied to the same taxonomic group. Concordant re sults between two independent molecu ar data sets suggest that both may be providing a good estimate of relation ships. For example, the correlation be tween electrophoretic distance and albu min immunological distance is usually highly significant, although slopes vary among taxonomic groups (Wyles and Gor man, 1980). In one group of salamanders


Recently, we reported that a recurrent translocation, t(1;3)(p36;p21) is closely associated with prior chemotherapy including alkylating agents, assessing eight patients with various hematologic malignancies (Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer 34:186–192), 2002). Furthermore, we delineated the 1p36 breakpoint in two patients lying between RP11‐BAC47P3 and RP5‐PAC963K15 at 1p36.3 with a small deletion near the breakpoint. In one of them, we also found deletion at 3p21.3 with cosNRL9 probe, which is included in a 370‐kb lung cancer homologous deletion region. However, due to scantiness of the patient materials at that time, we could not determine the precise breakpoint at 1p36 or 3p21 in any of the patients. In this report, we identified the 1p36 and 3p21 breakpoints of an AML (M3) patient who is included in the previous patient series. The patient showed t(1;3)(p36;p21) together with t(15;17) at the third relapse. With FISH using BAC/PAC probes, we determined the 1p36 breakpoint within RP11‐295B1 at 1p36.2 and the 3p21 breakpoint between RP11‐3B7 and RP11‐901L6 at 3p21.3. There was no deletion around the two breakpoints in this patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that has identified the precise breakpoint of t(1;3)(p36;p21) translocation. It is obvious that the 1p36.2 and 3p21.3 breakpoints of this patient are different from those of the previous patients, suggesting that the genes and the molecular event is different from those of the previous patients. The patients with t(1;3)(p36;p21) should be subclassified according to the precise breakpoints or the genes involved. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The present invention relates to a liquid crystal apparatus USBKEY a fingerprint, comprising a microprocessor connected FLASH chip, encryption chips, fingerprint recognition device, a display device and a keyboard device. Advantageous effects of the present invention are: 1, using the fingerprint instead of a conventional password verification, the user free from troublesome work memory ciphers; 2, solve data occur when currently used common key transaction encryption tampering; 3, Add fingerprint recognition, the PIN discarded, and the liquid crystal solve common key button key by hacking program analog transmission PIN code, resulting in the problem of key lock device; 4, the key for comparison by the client, while the user data is the same Bank registered template data center for comparison, two effective solution than to identify potential risks within the user key fingerprint template is replaced.


Page 817 Farook and Raju, Robust Fractional Order PID Controller to Optimize Bilateral Contracts in a Deregulated Power System  Abstract— This paper presents the application of Fractional Order PID controller as a supplementary controller to improve the dynamics of LFC in a Multi area deregulated power system. FOPID is a PID controller whose derivative and integral orders are of fractional rather than integer. The extension of derivative and integral order from integer to fractional order provides more flexibility in design of the controller, thereby controlling wide range of dynamics of a system. Using Integral Time multiplied Absolute Error (ITAE) as the performance criteria to be optimize the FOPID controller parameters: Proportional (Kp), Integral (Ki), Derivative (Kd) gains, integral order (λ), and the derivative order (μ) operators are optimized using Evolutionary Real coded Genetic algorithm and Firefly algorithm a hybrid algorithm (GA-FA). The feasibility and robustness of the proposed controller is investigated on a three-area interconnected power system consisting of Thermal-Thermal unit in area-I, Hydro-Thermal unit in area-II and Thermal-Gas unit in area-III. The dynamics of frequency, GENCOs power generation and tie-line power deviations were investigated by considering the possible contracts between various GENCOs and DISCOs of deregulated power system using DISCO participation matrix (DPM). The simulation results show the proposed FOPID controller tuned by the proposed Hybrid Genetic-Firefly algorithm (GA-FA) exhibits improved dynamic performance over conventional PID controller.


Transport studies of patterned Au∕ZnSe(001) contacts fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy reveal substantial lateral inhomogeneities in the Schottky barrier height. The x-ray photoemission results provide evidence of chemical reactions at a number of preferential surface sites. Incorporation of ultrathin Zn interlayers between the ZnSe substrate and the Au overlayer decreases the value of the n-type Schottky barrier height from 1.62to1.05eV and eliminates all evidence of lateral inhomogeneities in the barrier height. The interlayer-induced Schottky barrier tunability is found to be primarily limited by Zn–Au alloying within the overlayer.


The research of the second author was supported by the Research Foundation
Flanders (FWO) [grant number 11W7315N]. Support from the IAP Research Network P7/06 of the Belgian State (Belgian Science Policy) is gratefully acknowledged. For the simulations we used the infrastructure of the VSC - Flemish Supercomputer Center, funded by the Hercules Foundation and the Flemish Government - department EWI.


Nitrogen research is directed toward two main objectives, food and fiber production and environmental control. To achieve N balance in productive ecosystems, better quantitative estimates of N transformation rates are needed. Nitrogen tracers are indispensable for making many of these estimates. Either / sup 15/Ndepleted or /sup 15/N-enriched materials can be used. The use of /sup 15/ Ndepleted materials is limited to studies where dilution from other N is less than 2,000-fold, but these materials are potentially available in ton amounts. Use of variations in natural /sup 15/N abundance may be useful in observing qualitative relationships among N cycle processes over large areas or extremely long time periods. Such use is questionable for obtaining quantitative information for short-term N transformation processes. Obvious information gaps are quantitative data on atmospheric N/sub 2/ fixation and denitrification in cropped field soils and N transformation data for many other ecosystems. A program for computer data retrieval and correlation is outlined.


Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the major pests in the cotton fields, and threatens the sustainability of cotton production due to its polyphagous and cosmopolitan behaviors. Risk levels of moth distribution depend on spatial-temporal changes. Therefore, this study aimed at performing spatial-temporal analysis of H. armigera moth population in the southeastern area of the Caspian Sea (Golestan province, Iran) using the Geographic Information System (GIS). Almost weekly data (7-10 days), the moth distributions of H. armigera were collected from 65 cotton fields from May 30, 2020, to September 17, 2020. The moth's population maps of H. armigera were estimated using an Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method. Spatial autocorrelations and data clustering for the moth populations were performed by Moran's I analysis to highlight moth population hotspots on the shores of Caspian Sea. The result of the spatial analysis showed that moth of H. armigera distributed aggregation pattern during the cotton growing season. Interpolated maps (IDW) of H. armigera moth showed that almost all of the hotspots were located in the southeastern areas of the Caspian Sea.


Background: Every woman who gave birth should feel pain during childbirth. One of the ways to reduce labor pain is non-pharmacological method is through pregnancy exercise. From the observations conducted by researchers in March 2016 obtained from 10 nulliparous laboring women, there are three people experiencing mild pain, five people experiencing moderate pain and two people experiencing severe pain during the progress of delivery. Aims: This research aimed to know the differences of the mean level of pain during the first stage of labor between women who performed pregnancy exercise and those who did not. Methods: The design of this research was quasi-experiment. This research conducted in midwive practice Yenni Fitri in Bukittinggi Padang-West Sumatera between March to August 2016. A total of 16 pregnant women and joined the class of pregnant women was selected using purposive sampling method and be asked to fill observation sheet. Results: The result showed that there was a significant different in labor pain during the first stage of labor (p value < 0.001). The mean pain level among pregnant women who participated to pregnancy exercise was 4.03, lower than the control group (6.25). Conclusion: Exercise during the third trimester of pregnancy was the good way to the mother to adapt the pain during delivering baby. Pregnant women can do routine pregnancy exercise from the first trimester of pregnancy. This research is expected to recommend health service providers, especially midwives, to deliver the information and the advantages of pregnancy exercise to the women, and to facilitate exercises on third grade pregnant women since exercise during pregnancy is effective and cost-effective in reducing pain and discomfort during the first stage of labor if done regularly.


Objective
To explore the association of nocturnal serum cortisol levels with diabetic microvascular complications in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods
Serum cortisol levels of 316 overweight or obese type 2 diabetic patients were tested at midnight by the method of chemiluminescence. Diabetic microvascular complications were compared among various groups according to nocturnal serum cortisol levels. All the patients with nocturnal serum cortisol level >50 nmol/L were asked to undergo overnight low-dose dexamethasone suppression test to rule out the possibility of subclincal Cushing′s syndrome. The incidences of diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) were examined in all the patients.

Results
(1)The incidence of DN was gradually increased from 13.3% to 27.7% and 44.2% in patients with low, medium, and high cortisol level groups, showing a statistical difference among 3 groups(P<0.05). The incidences of DR in medium and high cortisol level groups were higher than that in low cortisol level group (40.6% and 47.7% vs 22.7%, both P<0.01). The incidence of DPN in high cortisol level group was higher as compared with low cortisol level group (60.5% vs 38.7%, P<0.01). (2)Nocturnal serum cortisol level in patients with diabetic microvascular complications was higher than that in patients without complications [ (136.87±105.78 vs 97.55±93.48) nmol/L, P<0.01]. Nocturnal serum cortisol level in patients with multiple diabetic microvascular complications was higher than that in patients with single diabetic microvascular complication [ (151.66±114.54 vs 117.69±90.26) nmol/L, P<0.05]. (3)Single factor logistic regression analysis showed that higher nocturnal serum cortisol level was a risk factor for diabetic microvascular complications in addition to female, age, longer diabetic duration, higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher nocturnal serum cortisol level was still a risk factor for diabetic microvascular complications after adjusted by diabetic duration, FPG, HbA1C, and the use of insulin (P=0.013).

Conclusion
Nocturnal serum cortisol level seems to be a risk factor for diabetic microvascular complications in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2018, 34: 834-838)

Key words:
Overweight; Obese; Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Cortisol; Diabetic microvascular complications


This paper presents equivalent Thévenin circuits for two connections (parallel-series (ps) and parallel-parallel (pp)), for the magnetic coupling coils (resonators), used in wireless active power transfer. Using the Circuit Symbolic Analysis Program, the equivalent voltage generator in respect of the load terminals in full symbolic form is obtained. It could be seen that all the parameters of the Thévenin generator depend on all the circuit parameters and on the frequency. Based on the maximum active power transfer theorem, the optimal load parameters (connected to the terminals of the receiver coil) are obtained.


The increasing coupling between natural gas and electricity systems by gas-fired generation units brings new challenges to system analysis, such as pressure variations due to consumption perturbations of generation units. The emerging issues require revolutionary modeling and analysis techniques. This paper proposes a novel model to quantify gas pressure variations due to gas-fired power unit ramping and the impact of constraints from natural gas pressure change on ramp rates of gas-fired plants. By utilizing Laplace transform to resolve the governing equations of gas networks, the proposed model can significantly reduce modeling complexity and computational burden. The dynamic behaviors in time scale in s-domain and spatial partial differential equations are transformed into finite difference equations. By introducing the concept of transfer matrices, the relation between states at each node of gas systems can be expressed by transfer parameter matrices. Additionally, a simplified model is introduced to simply the analysis. The explicit expressions of nodal pressure variations in response to demand change are very convenient for analyzing system dynamic performance under disturbances, identifying the most influential factors. The new models are extensively demonstrated on three natural gas networks and benchmarked with traditional simulation approaches. Results illustrate that they produce very close results with the simulation approach, particularly when gas pipelines are long and enter steady states.


The quality of pharmacy practice provided by dispensers in private pharmacies was studied. Parameters used include levels of education of the dispensers, access to health information, knowledge and practice regarding dispensing of drugs to patients, and disposal of expired drugs. A total of 150 dispensers selected from 150 pharmacies participated in the study. Data was collected by interviewing the dispensers through structured questionnaires and observations. Regarding the levels of education of the respondents, the study revealed that 26.7 % had neither pharmaceutical nor medical education and that only 25.3 % of the respondents had regular access to health information. However, results showed that 75 % of all pharmacists interviewed were knowledgeable about good practice regarding dispensing of drugs to patients. Further, the results revealed that 92.7 % of the pharmacies had their drugs arranged on the shelves according to pharmacological classification. Results on assessment of knowledge about disposing of expired drugs showed 66.7% of the respondents were not knowledgeable. It is concluded that, there is a need for training of dispensers on good pharmacy practice through continuing education in order to achieve quality pharmaceutical services in private pharmacies. Key Words: Pharmacy practice, dispensers, pharmaceutical services, private pharmacies. East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.5(2) 2002: 24-27


This paper presents a systematic study of the effect of slotting, i.e. number of slots and slot opening; and airgap and magnet thicknesses on rotor electromagnetic losses in surface magnet synchronous generators. All machines have the same overall diameter, stator bore diameter and active length. They were all designed to have approximately the same emf; the magnet thickness was adjusted to achieve this. All machines were also assumed to output the same sinusoidal current, at the same power factor. Rotor losses were calculated using both analytical and transient rotating mesh finite element analysis methods. The results are presented in the paper in a normalised fashion showing losses per unit surface area of the rotor surface versus s /λ and g /λ, where s, g, λ denote slot-opening, total gap between hub and stator bore, and slot pitch. In addition to providing an insight into the effect of slotting and gap geometry on losses, such graphs may be used to make quick estimates of rotor losses. The validity of this approach is investigated by comparison of estimates of losses from the normalised data with those calculated using FEA for machines of different sizes and number of slots.


In this paper, we present a performance analysis of the user scheduling for the multiuser MIMO systems exploiting the multiuser and antenna diversities while maintaining the fairness among the users. We present different scheduling schemes including absolute throughput-based scheduling, normalized throughput-based scheduling, absolute SNR-based scheduling, and normalized SNR-based scheduling schemes. We use an antenna selection scheme to overcome the drawback of channel hardening in multiuser MIMO systems. This also improves the system performance and reduces the system complexity. Using mathematical analysis and numerical simulations, we compare the presented schemes and show their significant advantages.


The problem of motion planning in obstacle cluttered environments is an important task in robotics. In the literature several methodologies exist to address the problem. In this work we consider using the feedback-based approach, where the solution comes from designing a controller capable of guaranteeing trajectory tracking with obstacle avoidance. Commonly, all respective studies consider simplified robot dynamics, which is usually insufficient in practical applications. In this work we focus on the collision avoidance problem with respect to a moving spherical object. We assume knowledge of a nominal controller that achieves tracking of a desired trajectory in the absence of obstacles, and we design an auxiliary control scheme to guarantee that the robot's end-effector will always operate in a safe distance from the moving obstacle's surface. The controller we develop does not take into account the actual robot dynamics, thus constituting a truly model-free approach. Experimental studies conducted on a KUKA LWR4+ robotic manipulator clarify and verify the proposed control scheme.


In studies of the mechanism of immunity to Bordetella pertussis in a murine respiratory infection model, we have previously demonstrated that natural infection of immunization with a whole cell vaccine induces a potent protective immune response, which is mediated by T‐helper type‐1 (Th1) cells. In contrast an acellular vaccine generates Th2 cells and is associated with delayed bacterial clearance following respiratory challenge. In the present study we have investigated the apparent Th1/Th2 cell dichotomy in acquired immunity and have examined the factors that affect their induction or detection. The cytokine profiles of B. pertussis‐specific T cells in immune animals were determined using antigen‐stimulated ex vivo spleen cells or CD4+ T‐cell lines and clones established in the presence of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) or IL‐4. Antigen‐specific T cells derived from mice immunized with the acellular vaccine were almost exclusively of the Th2 cell type. In contrast, T‐cell lines and clones established following respiratory infection or immunization with the whole cell vaccine were predominantly of the Th1 type. However, a proportion of T cells from convalescent mice, especially when cultured in the presence of IL‐4, secreted IL‐4 and IL‐5 with or without detectable IL‐2 and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), suggesting that Th0 or Th2 cells were also primed during natural infection in vivo. Furthermore, when mice were assessed 6 months after infection, spleen cells produced significant levels of IL‐4 and IL‐5, which were not evident at 6 weeks. The route of immunization and the genetic background of the mice were also found to influence the preferential priming of Th1 cells, and this was directly related to the level of protection against respiratory or intracerebral (i.c.) challenge. Our findings underline the critical role of CD4+ Th1 cells in immunity to B. pertussis, but also demonstrate that a number of factors in the in vivo priming and in vitro restimulation can skew the apparent dominance of one Th cell type over another.


The oxidative boom of neutrophils to infection reaction can result in cellular injury and lead to inflammatory disease anemia, among other disorders. The glutathione system and the vitamin E are antioxidants that disable free radicals. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of administration of vitamin E on erythrogram and erithrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH) of 28 Saanen goats, experimentally challenged Staphylococcus aureus trough intramammary route, ten days after parturition. The animals had between ten and sixteen months of age, had their first deliver by the time of the experiment and were randomly divided in four groups: control (CG), vitamin E supplementation (VG), inoculated with S. aureus (MG) and inoculated with S. aureus and vitamin E supplementation and (VMG). It could be concluded that inoculation of S.aureus in mamary glands of Saanen goats produce no change on erythrogram and on erythrocytic reduced glutathione concentration, and the vitamin E causes a better erythrocyte response in goats. KEY WORDS: Erythrocytes, glutathione, goats, vitamin E.


Skill and competency test (SCT) is part of the Government's intervention in ensuring the quality of education in the Vocational High School (SMK) education unit. The teacher prepares vocational students to face SCT, especially vocational students of class XII. However, the obstacles often encountered by teachers in recommending students to choose competency that are in accordance with students' abilities.  Ability Classification System and Student Ability Trends by applying the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) algorithm, it can be used as a solution to assist teachers in classifying student abilities and the tendency of students' abilities to be used to select skills competencies during SCT. This study aims to examine the use of the technology acceptance model (TAM) implementation of the classification system. As a result, the average user has felt the usefulness and ease of use of the system. Each TAM variable has a significant effect.


Abstract In this conclusion to the conference, I shall attempt to summarise what we knew before about solar prominences and what we have learnt during the conference (mainly from the review talks), as well as to make suggestions for their future study.


Nine black fly species including five new species were taxonomically studied, chiefly on the basis of reared adults, pupae and mature larvae collected from the Solomon Islands, South Pacific. All species, but one in Simulium (Gbmphostilbia) , were placed in Simulium (Morops). Within the subgenus Morops four were further classified into the clathrinum-group, one into the papuense-group and three remained un- grouped. S. (M.) papuense was newly recorded from the Solomon Islands. Descriptions of all new species and redescription of S. (M.) sherwoodi were given; mature larvae of S. (M.) sherwoodi and S. (M.) kerei were described for the first time. The pupal pit-like organs of all five known species of the clathrinum- group from Papua New Guinea and Australia were also illustrated. Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Solomon Islands, South Pacific were little studied. Stone and Maffi (1971) described Simulium (Morops) sherwoodi, and recorded the other black fly species (as S. (M.) sp. nr avilae) from Guadalcanal Island. Recently we de- scribed two new species: S. ( Gomphostilbia) hiroshii from New Georgia and Guadalcanal Islands, and S. (M.) kerei from New Georgia Island (Takaoka, 1994; Takao- ka and Suzuki, 1994). In this study nine species including five new and one newly recorded species were treated on the basis of reared adults, pupae and mature larvae collected from Guadalcanal and New Georgia Islands in 1992 and 1993 by one of us (HS). Descriptions of five new species and redescription of S. (M.) sherwoodi are given, and mature larva of S. (M.) sherwoodi and S. (M. ) kerei is described for the first time. Type specimens will be deposited in the Natural History Museum (BMNH) , London, U.K.


Poly(e-caprolactone)(PCL) diols with low average degree of polymerization(DPn is 10-50) were prepared by bulk polymerization from e-caprolactone initiated by the mixture of PEG400 and titanium alkoxide.These PCL-diols were used to react with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and(3-aminopropyltriethoxysil)ane in sequence using N,N-dimethylformamide as solvent.After removal of the solvent,the silylated PCL-based polyurethanes(SPCLU) were obtained by moisture curing.The effect of the PCL block DPn on the crosslinking,crystallization behavior,tensile properties and shape memory properties of SPCLU networks were studied in detail.Results show that the crystallinity,melting point,tensile modulus,and elongation at break of SPCLU increase with increasing the PCL block DPn from 10 to 50,whereas the crosslinking density of SPCLU decreases.The SPCLUs with PCL block of high crystallinity show good shape memory effect.The shape recovery ratio is 95%-100% and the shape recovery temperature corresponds to the crystalline melting temperature of PCL block in the copolymer.


Enhancing the light photons which are responsible for the generation of the exciton in the photoactive layer is one of the primary ways to increase the net power conversion efficiency of solar cell. Using plasmonic metal nanoparticle is one of the well-known method to improve the solar cell performance. In this work, poly-dispersed aluminium nanoparticles (AlNPs) were embedded at the PC61BM/Al interface to investigate the effect of it on solar cell performance. It is observed that device with AlNPs at the PC61BM/Al interface showed significant enhancement in optical absorption and as a result improved JSC. It is observed that Al nanoparticles at cathode interface aids in light trapping and also reduction in series resistance. These coupled effects of optical and electrical enhancement tend to improve power conversion efficiency in the device. From this study, it is noted that addition of AlNPs modifies deep trap state distribution in the active matrix. Further, this study shows that AlNPs incorporation with ETL improves the device power conversion efficiency (PCE) mainly through the optical enhancement.


The asphalt mixtures are commonly used as surface course of highways to ensure the security and comfort for road users. The asphalt mixtures may also be used as intermediate layers of pavement structure, providing better resistance to traffic loads. Thus, the occurrence of distresses can be reduced, increasing the time between pavement maintenance interventions. Large Stone Asphalt Mixtures (LSAM) are a promising rehabilitation solution for pavements that show rutting as the main distress under heavy traffic situations. Though their use is not new, the study of their viscoelastic properties and performance in the field are still unexplored. This thesis presents a brief literature review about the historical use of LSAM around the world, as well as some relevant characteristics for its design. The evaluation of different mixture design methods was performed before the construction of experimental test site with LSAM as the leveling course. The asphalt mixtures mechanical behavior was characterized using dynamic modulus test, flexural bending fatigue test, tensioncompression fatigue test and the LCPC wheel track test. The rehabilitated pavement was monitored through a period of one year and a half, using the falling weight deflectometer and rutting measurements. A finite-layer software (3D-Move Analysis) was used to simulate the structures using dynamic analysis, under different temperatures and traffic speeds, considering the viscoelastic properties of the asphalt mixtures obtained in laboratory. The results from the computer simulations can be used as a guide for the design and analysis of the pavement structure and pavement performance. Thus far, the use of LSAM in the rehabilitated test sections was successful compared to the previous rehabilitation solutions tested in the field, showing no permanent deformation after one year of service life.


The U.S. Bureau of Mines conducted in-depth studies on the recovery of alumina from kaolinitic clay in order to provide technology for alumina production from domestic raw materials. The hydrochloric acid (HCl) process consists of the following steps: (1) clay calcination at 750 C, (2) clay leaching with 26-pct HCl, (3) removal of iron from pregnant liquor by solvent extraction, (4) crystallization of aluminum chloride hexahydrate from pregnant liquor by HCl gas injection, and (5) calcination of aluminum chloride hexahydrate to Al{2}O{3} with HCl recovery. All unit operations except 5 were run on a semicontinuous basis in a pilot plant. Research also investigated process alternatives, such as leaching of uncalcined clay, changes in leaching acid concentration and stoichiometry, elimination of solvent extraction for iron removal, and formation of aluminum oxychloride instead of aluminum chloride hexahydrate as an intermediate product.


The general objectives of the work reported here and in accompanying papers are to identify optimal tools for the synthesis of silsesquioxane (SQ)-based BoC oligomers and polymers, especially those that show 3-D, through-chain (cage) conjugation in the excited state. Here we first examine the utility of polymerizing (p-IPhSiO1.5)8 with divinylbenzene (DVB) using Heck catalytic cross-coupling as baseline systems for BoCs with model dendrons. Thereafter, we functionalize the remaining IPh groups by cross-coupling with 4-MeOC6H4CH═CH2 or 4-NH2C6H4CH═CH2. As an alternate approach, we first functionalize (p-IPhSiO1.5)8 with 4-MeOC6H4CH═CH2 or 4-NH2C6H4CH═CH2 by catalytic cross-coupling such that only an average of two iodophenyls remain and then polymerized with DVB or 1,4-diethynylbenzne (DEB). This latter approach permits synthesis of copolymers as demonstrated using 1:1 mixtures of the two SQs with R = NH2 or OMe. Here we assess the utility of two different routes to conjugated BoC polymers. Investigation o...


Objective To study the influence of plendi and enalapril on ambulatory blood pressure of isolated systolic hypertension.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with isolated systolic hypertension were divided into three groups,plendi group(35 cases receiving 5 mg,once a day,for 6 weeks),enalapril group(40 cases receiving 10 mg once a day for 6 weeks) and plendi + enalapril group(45 cases receiving 5 mg plendi + 10 mg enalapril,once a day for 6 weeks).The blood pressure was monitored 24 hours before and after administration.Results In the end of the sixth week,24-hour mean systolic blood pressure,pulse pressure,diastolic blood pressure,mean arterial pressure were all lowered after treatment in these three groups(P0.01).There was no statistic difference in mean systolic blood pressure between plendi group and enalapril group(P0.05).The mean systolic blood pressure was obviously lowered in plendi + enalapril group,showing a statistic difference compared with the other two groups(P0.01).The effective rate was improved significantly in plendi + enalapril group compared with the other two groups(P0.01).There was no statistic difference between plendi group and enalapril group(P0.05).Conclusion The combined administration of plendi and enalapril is effective and safe for isolated systolic hypertension.


The Silver Swan (ill. 25) is a life-sized automaton that has been in the Bowes Museum in the northern English town of Barnard Castle since 1872. It was first exhibited in 1773 by the jeweller and entrepreneur James Cox (c. 1723-1800), as part of his « museum » of musical clocks and automata in Spring Gardens, London. Before considering the Swan itself, it is important to understand the unusual circumstances which led to its creation. Figure 25 - Silver Swan, c. 1773 H. 80 cm © Bowes Museum, ...


A new low-thrust trajectory design method is proposed that is based on the finite Fourier series method with pseudoequinoctial elements rather than the more common cylindrical coordinate components. The bijection relation between the elements and control variables is ensured by introducing an additional equality constraint derived from the angular momentum conservation. The guidance law and on-line control variables are obtained by applying inverse dynamics and the framework of inverse simulation technology, respectively. The pseudoequinoctial finite Fourier series method has the advantages of both the Fourier series and the perturbation analysis methods. For two-body problems, three cases were studied: the Earth to Mars, 1989ML, and Tempel-1 missions. Regarding the design of a rendezvous trajectory with a large inclination angle and a high eccentricity rate, this method yields a broader range of feasible results than the traditional Fourier series method. The circular restricted three-body problem was solved for the first time using the pseudoequinoctial finite Fourier series method combined with the patched conics method. The low-thrust Earth-Moon transfer was analyzed, and the results show that this method improves window analysis efficiency and guarantees precision of the initial geocentric trajectory for the low-thrust transfer.


With the aging of world's population,Alzheimer's disease has become one of the four serious diseases which threat to the health of the elderly.It is very important to research and establish a reliable animal model for AD in proving Alzheimer's disease etiology,developing of prevention drug research.In this paper,an animal model of AD research and evaluation are reviewed.


A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical protocol for quantitation of PAHs in diesel exhaust particles, adapted for a single laboratory period, is proposed. Gravitational chromatography is first used to isolate aromatic compounds. Then quantitative determination of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) is performed by GC-MS, using deuterated PAHs as internal standards. Results obtained by students for recovery yields and for quantitation are reproducible.


In 21centry, the Internet of Things is a study focus of information technology and its information academic industry. It would bring a series of innovation to traditional military equipment logistics technology and mode. Based on the application of the Internet of Things in military equipment logistics, this article explores the Internet of Things based on Radio Frequency Identification and analyzes its application actualities. Speeding up the application of the Internet of Things in military equipment logistics is important to the realization of visual military support and military informationization construction.


One of the critical issues in burst signal detection is to design the optimal sensing duration. Conventional energy detection methods generally determine the threshold based on the target detection performance, such as false-alarm probability or detection probability. However, these approaches could not accurately detect the burst signal without prior information. Motivated by this, in this paper, we use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to effectively extract the feature from the data. As a realization of the developed CNN-based detector, we adopt the sample covariance matrix as the input data of a neural network. Finally, we also show the performance of the proposed method for both optimal and non-optimal sensing cases. Particularly, the proposed method could achieve a detection probability of 98.4 % for the non-optimal sensing case at SNR= −15 dB, which significantly outperforms the conventional methods.


A cross sectional study was conducted in Out Patient Department of Primary Care Hospital in Warangal. 502 prescriptions were randomly collected over a period of one month and recorded over a 'prescribing indicator form'. The data was analyzed using WHO indicators. Average number of drugs per encounter was 3.45. Encounter with an antibiotic prescribed was 46.21%, with a FDC was 84.66%, with an injection prescribed was 7.76%. The most common group of drug prescribed was vitamins (19.1%) followed by Antiulcer (12.34%) Antimicrobials (11.78%), Analgesics (10.22%).The findings of this study revealed that drug utilization pattern was not optimal in accordance with the standard values of WHO prescribing patterns.


Behnke's demonstrat ion (l) of helical polysomes in ultrathin sections of fetal rat gut epithelium has raised questions regarding the extent and significance of such structures. Since Behnke's report, helical polysomes have been found in differentiating muscle (2), differentiating pollen mother cells (3), and in the pleuropneumonialike organism A5969 (4). Thus polysome helices have been found in both plant and animal cells, but are seen only infrequently, usually in rapidly growing and differentiating tissue containing little endoplasmic reticulum. It has recently been shown that the properties of polysomes in solution have one feature compatible with the helix described by Behnke, namely that the rate of increase of the polysome frictional coefficients with increasing size agrees very well with a helix of about 20 ° pitch and 3 or 4 ribosomes per turn (5, 6). This would suggest that all free polysomes could be helical in solution, or in a rodlike configuration resembling a helix. The present study was initiated to study this problem. Since it was not feasible to look at solutions with the electron microscope, sections of fixed ribosome pellets were examined, assuming that structures present in solution would be preserved in the pellet.


1. True-False questions. (a) For General Social Survey data on Y = political ideology (categories liberal, moderate, conservative), X 1 = gender (1 = female, 0 = male), and X 2 = political party (1 = Democrat, 0 = Republican), the ML fit of the cumulative logit model is logit[ ˆ P (Y ≤ j)] = ˆ α j + .12x 1 + .96x 2. Hence, for each gender, according to this model fit the estimated odds that a Democrat's response is liberal rather than moderate or conservative, and the estimated odds that a Democrat's response is liberal or moderate rather than conservative, is e .96 = 2.6 times the corresponding estimated odds for a Republican's response. This odds ratio estimate indicates that in this sample Democrats tended to be more liberal than Republicans. (b) Subjects suffering from mental depression are measured after 1 week of treatment, 2 weeks of treatment, and 4 weeks of treatment in terms of a (normal, abnormal) response outcome. Covariates are severity of condition at original diagnosis (1 = severe, 0 = mild) and treatment used (1 = new, 0 = standard). Since each subject contributes three observations to the analysis, we can use the GEE (generalized estimating equations) method to fit the model. To use this method, we must choose a " working " correlation matrix for the form of the dependence among the three responses, but the method is robust in the sense that it still gives appropriate estimates and standard errors for large n even if the actual correlation structure is somewhat different from the one we assumed. (c) A difference between logit and loglinear models is that the logit model is a generalized linear model assuming a binomial random component whereas the loglinear model is a generalized linear model assuming a Poisson random component. Hence, when both are fitted to a contingency table having 50 cells, the logit model treats the cell counts as 25 binomial observations whereas the loglinear model treats the cell counts as 50 Poisson observations. (d) The cumulative logit model assumes that the response variable Y is ordinal; it should not be used with nominal variables. By contrast, the baseline-category logit model treats Y as nominal. It can be used with ordinal Y , but it then ignores the ordering information. (e) The cumulative logit model for J response categories corresponds to a logistic regression model holding …


Contents Preface * Acknowledgements * PART I: BACKGROUND * Chapter 1. The Trauma of Childhood Sexual Abuse * Definition of Sexual Abuse * Prevalence * Early and Long-Term Effects of Sexual Abuse * Impact * Male Survivors of Sexual Abuse * Cognitive Effects * Cognitive Processes, the Development of a Belief System, and Sexual Abuse * Chapter 2. Treatment: Toward Integration * Philosophy of Treatment * Treatment Approaches * Efficacy of Group Treatment * Models of Group Treatment * Group Organization and Structure * Themes * Males in Groups * Summary * Chapter 3. Assessing Prerequisites * Identifying the Needs of the Community * Pilot Program * Context Assessment * Relevant Context * Summary * Chapter 4. The Framework * Intent * Goals * Evaluating the Alternatives * The Fit * Fine Points * Structure * Implementation * The Evaluation Plan * Chapter 5. The Screening Intake * Rationale * Goals and Objectives * Materials * Procedure * Chapter 6. The Group Sessions * Session I: Starting Out--The Introduction * Session 2: Trust and Safety * Session 3: Exploration of Emotions and Beliefs * Session 4: Breaking the Silence--Disclosure * Session 5: The Aftermath of the Abuse * Session 6: Family Dynamics * Session 7: Sexuality and Intimacy * Sessions 8: Processing Memories * Session 9-13: Exploring the Meaning--Unstructured Sessions * Sessions 14-15: Toward Termination--Making Sense of It All * Chapter 7. Special Topics * Ethnicity and Sexual Abuse * Confrontation * Psychiatric Disorders, Chemical Dependency, and Sexual Abuse * Transference and Countertransference * Partners * Summary * Appendix A: Needs Assessment Surveys * CSA Needs Assessment Survey: Professionals * CSA Needs Assessment Survey: Clients * Appendix B: Weekly Evaluation Questionnaire for Group Leaders * Appendix C: Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse Program--Weekly Evaluation Questionnaire * Appendix D: Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse Program--Evaluation Questionnaire * Bibliography * Index


Overweight and obesity are major health problem in today's society, where the western diet and a sedentary lifestyle has been suggested as primary causes. Lifestyle changes, such as the introduction of a healthier diet and increased physical activity, should be considered a first step in the management of obesity. However, many patients struggle to lose weight with these types of interventions. For these patients, pharmaceutical and surgical treatments may be an option. The most commonly used pharmaceutical and surgical approaches for the management of obesity aim to induce weight loss by creating functional exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Pancreatic enzymes are crucial for the digestion of macronutrients. Thus, by targeting these enzymes, digestion and absorption of nutrients will be reduced. Although these treatment strategies usually show good results in terms of weight loss, they are associated with nutritional and metabolic complications. It is therefor of great importance that both medical doctors and patient are well informed about the risks that come with various therapies.


We consider the problem of adding a fixed number of new edges to an undirected graph in order to minimize the diameter of the augmented graph, and under the constraint that the number of edges added for each vertex is bounded by an integer. The problem is motivated by network-design applications, where we want to minimize the worst case communication in the network without excessively increasing the degree of any single vertex, so as to avoid additional overload. We present three algorithms for this task, each with their own merits. The special case of a matching augmentation -when every vertex can be incident to at most one new edge-is of particular interest, for which we show an inapproximability result, and provide bounds on the smallest achievable diameter when these edges are added to a path. Finally, we empirically evaluate and compare our algorithms on several real-life networks of varying types.


Micro-gap Gas Chamber(MGC) using diamond film as insulating layer is a novel type of MGC structure.A study of the fabrication of MGC based on diamond film insulating layer using the common micro-manufacture technology is presented.The anode strips of the typical structure is 20 μm wide,the distance between strips is 180 μm wide,and the detecting area is 38 mm×34 mm.The 7~8 μm thick(100) textured diamond film was grown by Hot Filament CVD,and etched by RIE,with Cr as mask and O_2 /SF_6 as etchant.The etch rate is 79 nm/min,and the selectivity ratio is 20:1.The results demonstrate that the micro-manufacture and self-register technology can effectively solve the problems of the process ability and compatibility of diamond,such as the fabrication,pattern and the inter-register between the diamond film and metal anode.A novel structure of MGC is fabricated.


Sightings data collated from the European Atlantic coastline reveal a recent change in the post-breeding distribution of the Balearic Shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus, and provide evidence for a progressive northwards shift in dispersal patterns. Numbers recorded in the traditional post-breeding quarters, centred on the French Biscay coast, have declined since the mid 1990s and now show marked inter-annual variability. In contrast, numbers recorded from northwest European coastlines have increased since the mid 1990s, the majority being seen along the coasts of northern France and southwest Britain, with smaller numbers north to southern Scandinavia.Although variability in observer effort may have contributed to the observed increase in northwest Europe, the spatial and temporal consistency of the data suggests that the trend is real. Large numbers of this Critically Endangered seabird are now spending part of the year in British and Irish waters; this paper highlights the need for future effort-based surveys across the species' non-breeding range, and will provide a baseline for conservation measures in northwest European coastal regions where large concentrations now occur regularly. BB July 2007 31/5/07 13:03 Page 392


Inlet interrupted coastlines will not only be affected by direct coastline recession due to sea level rise (i.e. Bruun effect), but also by basin effects due to both climate change (CC) driven sea level rise (SLR) and variations in rainfall/runoff. This paper presents a physically based scale aggregated model to estimate potential coastline change along inlet interrupted coastlines due to both of these main climatic drivers. The model is applied to five distinctly different systems from around the world to obtain preliminary estimates of potential CC driven coastline change by 2100. Model results indicate that in areas where future rainfall/runoff will decrease (increase), potential coastline recession in the vicinity of inlets will be significantly more (less) than that due to SLR effects alone. Basin effects, and not the Bruun effect, appear to dominate CC driven coastline change on inlet interrupted coastlines.


The characters of highway slope,the functions of plant changed the environment and the main types of interaction of plants were introudced.The principles of selecting plant in the highway slope greening were put out.The plants were put out,which included 14 kind legumina plants,6 kind native shrubs and 10 kind lianes.The plant for contructing characteristic landscape could selecte the similar plant in the landscape and architecture.


PROBLEM: The following questions were addressed: Is the placental transport of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgG1, and IgG3 diminished in pregnancies at risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn? Is the placental transport of IgG, IgG1, and IgG3 correlated with the hemoglobin concentration in the fetus and AutoAnalyzer (AA) quantitations of maternal anti‐D?


In today's world, it is very common among children to use a smartphone or a handheld digital device such as a tablet to entertain themselves and as a medium of socializing with people easily. The COVID-19 pandemic forced many people to stay in their homes and rely on these digital devices to do their day-to-day work and communication. The latter caused the increase in reliance on digital devices to acquire information about the outside world and as a source of entertainment. This new tendency increased the likelihood of children being exposed to pornography, cyberbullying, cyberstalking, excessive gaming, sexting, and behavioral traits related to narcissism. These habits caused many children to develop psychological and physiological illnesses, which affected them in the short term and, for some, which affected them and their families in the long run, such as suicide. Our research proposes to constantly monitor behavioral patterns such as this, notify the relevant individuals, and prevent the children from being prone to such ill fates. According to the findings, using machine learning and natural language processing, sexting, phonographic words, and cyberbullying can all be recognized with pinpoint accuracy. Also, by using two machine learning models, depression and anxiety are detected with an accuracy of 0.84 and 0.86. To prevent and analyze computer vision syndrome caused by improper face-screen distance. An image processing-based algorithm is used to measure the distance from face to screen, and results are narrowed down to an accuracy of 1 inch.


Under income maintenance programs such as the negative income tax that has been the subject of the New Jersey-Pennsylvania experiment, cash benefits are determined on the basis of family income and family size. It follows, therefore, that the labor-supply response of the family as a whole, as well as the labor-supply response of individual family members, should be a focus of analysis. Recent theoretical literature in economics has emphasized the simultaneity of family decisions about work effort. Secondary workers are likely to make decisions about their level of work effort in light of the earnings opportunities of the primary earner, and vice versa. And this interdependence of work decisions is likely to be reinforced by the rules of income maintenance programs like those tested in the experiment.l Thus, this article is concerned with family labor-supply response.2 The obvious measure to use in such analysis is earnings. An earnings measure gives a straightforward way of weighting the importance of individual family members to get the total family response. It also provides the most direct translation of the family response into national cost implications. Here, however, an additional measure is used-family hours worked. There are two reasons for reporting an analysis of total family hours as well as earnings. First, there is reason to suspect the reliability of earnings differences reported between the experimental and control groups. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that initially some experimentals and some controls reported net rather than the requested gross earnings, but that the experimentals learned more rapidly than did the controls that the gross earnings were to be reported.


Microchip lasers are realized with Yb:YCOB crystals cut along the optical indicatrix axes. Using a Z-cut crystal, a maximum output power of 8.35 W is achieved at ~1040 nm with a slope efficiency of 70%.


Polyorchidism is a rare genital abnormality in which supernumerary testes are present. We describe a case of triorchidism and cryptorchidism in a 3-year old male while performing an orchiopexy. We review the literature and propose its management.


Before coming on the Board of County Commissioners some five years ago, I had served as a director of the Rural Electric Corpora tion for a number of years and also on the Board of Directors for our local elevator. For my livelihood, I have operated a farm of sev eral hundred acres. From my own experience, as a farm operator and also as a director of these other organizations, I had ideas of what the duties of a Commissioner would be. During these years, I had arrived at certain ideas of good busi ness management and could see no reason why these same policies could not be carried out in public office. While my experience with the public as County Commissioner may have forced me to have changed some of my thinking, in dealing with the public, my pre vious conviction that good business and good business principles are what we need most in public office still holds true. I presume the highway department, at least from the public standpoint, is one of the most important departments, falling under the Board of Commissioners' jurisdiction. I am still very much con vinced that the highway department should be run along the same lines as my own business and other organizations with which I have been connected. In my business, I have always hired my own help, and in the business I have been connected with as director, we have appointed the manager and he in turn hires his own help, be it few or many. These men were directly under their supervision and we, as a Board of Directors, took no part in the hiring or the firing or the training of these men. W e served only as a Board of Directors in establishing policies and conducting the general business of the organization. To me a county highway department is just another business to be operated and since the average highway department in Indiana will expend in the neighborhood of $225,000 annually, it is not a small business.


Ethical questions that arise from family therapy are addressed. The philosophical problem of knowing another person's experience or mind is posed in the context of working with families. This is particularly problematic with paradoxical techniques as they appear to state the truth of the family's experience in a way that goes beyond the factual, addressing implicit aspects of family interactions which are revealed to the therapist. Concepts are drawn from work on the nature of language and moral responsibility and related to new techniques in systemic family therapy. A distinction is drawn between the factual problem of the therapist "getting it right" and the ethical problem of "having a right" to point out implications and consequences of family interactions. The work of the Milan group on paradox and future questions is related to "counterfactuality". The liberating function of counterfactuality, operative in both techniques by offering new ways to frame the family situation and allowing new alternativ...


Mrs Baroni Douglas was a young girl at the age of 18 years when the war came. Her peaceful beachside home was invaded by soldiers one quiet evening and changed the lives of her people. She tells the story of how the war affected her family.


This is an Opinion Editorial for The Irish Independent, the largest circulating newspaper of record in Ireland. It was published on August 22, 2012 in hard copy. Opening: If a party's barrister goes to court and makes an argument, you get to hear what the barrister says. You get to show up and listen to the proceedings. With a few exceptions, justice, in Ireland, is administered in public. However, if that same barrister reduces his argument to a written form and sends his legal submission to the judge and his opponent, then you do not get to see that document (even if you offer to pay for a copy!). Does that make sense? You know it doesn't.


The present work objectified to demonstrate by clear form that the creditor will be able to demand preventible measures in the bulge of the process of execution as foresees the article 615, III of the CPC. The law when providing such measures grants to the creditor in the proper process of execution not just the right to safeguard its credit but also to protect the goods given in guarantee of the execution. The preventible measures in the truth are a species of the genus of precudable measures which present a similarity with the injunction ex officio foreseen in the article 797 of the CPC. Such preventible measures have as object to assure the useful result of the action of the execution in course constituting means to protect goods of the debtor for an effective control of the executive jurisdictional guardianship. Besides the object we present the nature and purpose of the preventible measures. It was also distinguished the essential requirements for concession of the preventible measures in the process of execution since the legislator did not fix in a right form which would be the necessary requirements for the concession of such measures. It was done an analysis of the differences and similarities among the typical and atypical precudable measures, injunction ex officio and preventible measures of the article 615, III of the CPC of the ulmost importance for the compreheension of our study. It was observed that the petition of the preventible measures occurs when it is established justifiable fear of damage to the right of the creditor or to guarantee the good success of the process of execution, that is, to get a fast and efficient result for the effectiveness of the executive action. It was still presented the procedure of the nominate and innominate preventible measures. Such the creditor as the debtor can require preventible measures. We present the several hypotheses of legality of such measures in which the executer will be able to valid them to protect its right in satisfaction of its credit also in tlhe lato sensu execution in the civil special court for causes of less complexity and in the provisional execution. The feature to be interposed against decision which grants or not the preventible measures (article 615, III), incidentally in the bulge of the executable process, is the appeal%%%%O presente trabalho objetivou demonstrar, de forma clara, que o credor podera pleitear medidas acautelatorias no bojo do processo de execucao, conforme preve o art. 615, III do CPC. A lei, ao proporcionar tais medidas, concede ao credor, no proprio processo de execucao, nao so o direito de salvaguardar seu credito, mas tambem o de proteger os bens dados em garantia a execucao. As medidas acautelatorias, na verdade, sao uma especie do genero medidas cautelares, as quais apresentam uma similariedade com as de cautelas-de-oficio, previstas no art. 797 do CPC. Tais medidas acautelatorias tem como objeto assegurar o resultado util da acao de execucao em curso, constituindo meios de resguardar bens do devedor para uma…


Poster presentation Presented at the combined meetings of the BMSS Special Interest Group on Stable Isotopes (BMSS ISO-SIG), the Stable Isotopes Mass Spectrometry Users' Group (SIMSUG) and COST action 'Stable Isotopes in Biosphere-Atmosphere-Earth System Research' (SIBAE) held at Exeter University 27–30 April, 2010. Paper published in Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry is linked to this presentation.


The solubilities of Al182O3 in LiCl-KCl eutectic mixtures containing dissolved AlCl3 were measured using a sensitive proton activation technique. The results are consistent with the presence of an A10+ species at 4.7 x 10-5 mole fraction with AlCl3 at 10-2 mole fraction. When combined with other thermodynamic data, these solubilities are used to deduce a formation constant for the A10+ species from Al3+ and O2- ions of 1.94 x 1022 (in mole fraction units) and a specific bond free energy ("bond strength") of 300 kJ mol-1


Objective. All of the human prosthetic visual systems implanted so far have been achromatic. Schmidt et al (1996 Brain 119 507–22) reported that at low stimulation intensities their subject reported that phosphenes usually had a specific hue, but when the stimulus intensity was increased, they desaturated to white. We speculate here that previous B/W prosthetic systems were unnecessarily over-stimulating the visual cortex to obtain white phosphenes, which may be why unexpected alterations in phosphenes and seizures were not an uncommon occurrence. A color prosthesis would have the advantage of being elicited by lower levels of stimulation, reducing the probability of causing epileptogenic responses. Approach. A 'hybrid' mode of stimulation is suggested, involving a combination of B/W and color stimulation, which could provide color information without reducing spatial resolution. Main results. Colors in the real world are spread along intensity and chromatic gradients. Significance. Software implementation strategies are discussed, as are the advantages and challenges for possible color prosthetic systems.


Background subtraction is the fundamental and essential step for the objects identifying from a video sequence in the vision system. Based on kernel density estimation, a fast background subtraction method is proposed and tested. In this method, the kernel density estimation background model is improved by LUT and early break method. Meanwhile, it is compared with single Gaussian model both for speed and effect. It has been tested in a 2.6GHz Intel Core machine with 25fps on 432×240 images without code optimization. Average processing speed is 18.9 and 34.6 million second per frame with 30 kernels and 60 kernels, respectively. The result shows that the improved method can be used in real-time processing and has better result than single Gaussian model.


We present a time and space adaptive Finite Element Method for the computation of linear acoustic wave propagation. Therewith, the calculation scheme automatically performs the time and space discretization in order to minimize the numerical dispersion. A numerical case study will demonstrate the applicability of the developed scheme.


The authors present a review of contemporary findings concerning treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers with a positive finding of Helicobacter pylori. Only combined anti-Helicobacter treatment leads to the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in 80-96% of the patients. Moreover it leads to gradual recovery from gastritis and bulbitis and thus prevents ulcer recurrence.


Gone are the days where women were inside the four walls of a house.In modern societies, women take part in all sorts of activities and are involving in the various types ofbusiness. They are proving themselves in politics, administration, social work, management, cine field, and so on. 'Women Entrepreneur' is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent. Today they are not only job seekers but job givers. As like any other ordinary women entrepreneurs, due to the caste discriminations and community habits the dalit women entrepreneurs are also facing a lot of problems. Though there are many studies on the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in vellore district, the study on the challenges faced by dalit women entrepreneurs in vellore district are very scare. So this study makes an attempt to study the motivational factors, challenges faced by dalit women entrepreneurs and the steps they follow to overcome them. Also the various expectations by the dalit women entrepreneurs are analyzed.


The present invention relates to a deep mixing process for preventing scour of a soft seabed and a foundation structure constructed by using the same, and to construct the underground structure so that the concave-shaped filling groove is formed on the top of the underground structure to be constructed on the seabed soft ground. By filling the sandstone in the sandstone filling groove and installing a high pore at the top of the sandstone and the underground structure, the contact between the sandstone and the sea current is completely blocked so that the loss or scour of the sandstone can be prevented from occurring. It is to provide a deep mixing process for preventing scour and a basic structure constructed using the same. The present invention for achieving the above object, the construction of the underground structure consisting of a plurality of consolidated piles on the soft ground of the seabed, and the construction of the underground structure so that the construction of the underground structure so that the formation of the concave-shaped grit filling the top of the underground structure Formed underground structure construction step; A step of forming a sandstone foundation by filling a sandstone for supporting a heavy structure in the sandstone filling groove of the underground structure, and filling the sandstone so that the top portion of the sandstone foundation and the top portion of the underground structure are formed at the same height; A weight structure installation step of installing a weight structure on an upper portion of the foundation stone; And deep-air installation to prevent the loss and scour of the dead stone by installing a near-high hole so that the upper surface of the base of the dead stone and the underground structure is covered around the heavy structure; deep mixing process for preventing scouring of subsea soft ground; The technical gist of the structure including the foundation structure constructed by using this is made.


Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of rs3819024 and rs2275913 polymorphisms
 of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) gene in Black-clothes Zhuang population in Guangxi and
 the polymorphism different among ethnic populations.
 Methods The polymorphisms of rs3819024 and rs2275913 of IL-17A gene in 115 Black-clothes
 Zhuang subjects were genotyped by SNaPshot technique. And used statistical methods
 to compare the differences in the distribution of these polymorphisms across sexes
 and populations.
 Results There were AA, AG and GG genotypes at rs3819024 and rs2275913 of IL-17A gene of Black-clothes
 Zhuang population in Guangxi, and AG genotype was the most common genotype in both
 loci. The frequencies of AA, AG and GG genotypes at rs3819024 were 15.6%, 54.8% and
 29.6%, respectively, and the frequencies of AA, AG and GG genotypes at rs2275913 were
 27.8%, 51.3% and 20.9%, respectively. G and A alleles were commonly found at rs3819024
 and rs2275913, respectively, and their distribution frequencies were 57.0% and 53.5%,
 respectively. The genotype and allele frequency of rs3819024 and rs2275913 had no
 significant difference between male and female (
 P>0.05). The genotype and allele of rs3819024 were significantly different from Japanese
 in Tokyo, Japan (JPT), Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria (YRI), Gujarati Indians in Houston
 (GIH) and Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry from the CEPH
 collection (CEU) populations published by the 1000 Genome Project (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant different from Han Chinese in Beijing,
 China (CHB) population (
 P>0.05)。The distribution frequency of each genotype and allele at rs2275913 site were
 significantly different from YRI, GIH and CEU (
 P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant different from HCB (
 P>0.05). Compared with JPT, the difference in genotype distribution frequency was not
 statistically significant (
 P<0.05), but the difference in allele distribution frequency was statistically significant
 (
 P<0.05).
 Conclusion The locus polymorphisms of rs3819024 and rs2275913 of IL-17A gene have difference
 among different races and regions.
 摘要: 目的 探讨广西黑衣壮人群白细胞介素 17A 基因 (
 IL-17A) rs3819024、rs2275913 位点的多态性分布特点和 不同人群间的多态性差异。
 方法 采取多重单碱基延伸法 (SNaPshot) 方法对 115 例广西黑衣壮人群 IL-17A 基因 rs3819024、rs2275913 位点进行基因分型检测, 并比较不同性别及人群分布差异。
 结果 广西黑衣壮人群 IL-17A 基因 rs3819024 和 rs2275913 位点均存在 AA、AG、GG 3 种基因型, 两位点基因型分布均以 AG 基因型多见, 其中 rs3819024
 位 点 AA、AG、GG 基因型的分布频率分别为 15.6%、54.8%、29.6%; rs2275913 位点 AA、AG、GG 基因型的分布频率分别为 27.8%、51.3%、20.9%。rs3819024
 和 rs2275913 位点分别以 G 和 A 等位基因多见, 分布频率分别为 57.0% 和 53.5%。rs3819024 和 rs2275913 两位点基因型及等位基因频率在广西黑衣壮人群男女性别间比较,
 差异无统计学意义 (
 P>0.05)。rs3819024 位点基因型及等位基因频率与千人基因组计划 (1000 Genomes) 数据库公布的日本人群 (JPT)、非洲 尼日利亚人群 (YRI)、印第安人群
 (GIH)、欧洲人群 (CEU) 比较, 差异均有统计学意义 (
 P<0.05); 与北京汉族人群 (HCB) 比较差异无统计学意义 (
 P>0.05)。rs2275913 位点基因型及等位基因频率与 YRI、GIH、CEU 人群比较差异均有统计学 意义 (
 P<0.05), 与 HCB 人群比较差异无统计学意义 (
 P>0.05); 而与 JPT 人群相比, 基因型频率差异无统计学意义 (
 P>0.05), 但等位基因频率差异有统计学意义 (
 P<0.05)。
 结论 IL-17A 基因rs3819024、rs2275913 基因位点多态性在不同 种族和地区间存在差异。


Tourism interests usually coexist in a delicate balance with other human interests (e.g. residential development and recreational interests) and activities (e.g. fishing, forestry and mining). Such interests and activities may be compatible or incompatible with tourism to varying degrees. Where incompatibility arises it must be carefully managed through compromise, spatial segregation or exclusivity. Conflicting interests between whale-watching and whaling is one topical such case. Events in recent years, such as the Icelandic government's decision to resume scientific whaling in 2003 have drawn considerable attention to this issue. This is a matter that received some attention at the meeting of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in July 2006. In response to recent debate, this paper highlights the need for a better understanding of tourist views on issues of relevance to whale-watching, noting a number of increasingly topical questions that remain unanswered at present. In doing so it calls for empirical research into the values and views of tourists, actual and latent, on whaling and wider issues of animal welfare. Insights into precisely where tourists stand on issues relating to the whaling/whale-watching debate, and how that may bear upon demand for whale-watching in different national and regional contexts, has become a heightened priority in light of recent events.


Most strains of Vibrio cholerae are not pathogenic or cause only local outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Acquisition of the capacity to produce the cholera toxin results from a lysogenic conversion event due to a filamentous bacteriophage, CTXɸ. Two V. cholerae tyrosine recombinases that normally serve to resolve chromosome dimers, XerC and XerD, promote CTXɸ integration by directly recombining the ssDNA genome of the phage with the dimer resolution site of either or both V. cholerae chromosomes. This smart mechanism renders the process irreversible. Many other filamentous vibriophages seem to attach to chromosome dimer resolution sites and participate in the rapid and continuous evolution of toxigenic V. cholerae strains. We analyzed the molecular mechanism of integration of VGJɸ, a representative of the largest family of these phages. We found that XerC and XerD promote the integration of VGJɸ into a specific chromosome dimer resolution site, and that the dsDNA replicative form of the phage is recombined. We show that XerC and XerD can promote excision of the integrated prophage, and that this participates in the production of new extrachromosomal copies of the phage genome. We further show how hybrid molecules harboring the concatenated genomes of CTXɸ and VGJɸ can be produced efficiently. Finally, we discuss how the integration and excision mechanisms of VGJɸ can explain the origin of recent epidemic V. cholerae strains.


As a constantly important feature of the architecture, in both formal and technical-building aspects, with which it has established a biunique relation, the stone has always been able to guarantee performance qualities suitable for living conditions in each single century. In time, the technological process, on one hand, and the complexity of anthropical activities, on the other, have caused the breaking of this relation, generating a more and more increasing demand for performances. This necessity, supported by an increasing complexity/stratification of building envelope and also by the use of materials no more directly available near the building area, has caused a change of the equilibrium between man and environment, consolidated in time. The study faces the recovery theme of the historical and monumental building, characterized by an "imposing" envelope, in which all the performance are entrusted at the same component and/or material (the stone masonry), pointing out the formal aspects, strongly correlated with static and technological ones. The complexity of this approach, also referred to restraints imposed by the built heritage, do not allow a wide range of solutions, and fix the necessity to value the envelope characteristic restoration and implements a possibility to developed the building performance. This is reversible and compatible choice, fully respectful of environmental characteristics. The aim of the research is to verify, by means of a series of tests for monitoring the "comfort indoor", how it is possible to obtain performance requirements corresponding to quality standards that the residence requires, even in a particularly important architectural context, as the ancient "Sassi" of Matera. INTRODUCTION The architectural culture has always been characterized by the use of stone. In fact the buildings substantiate the symbiotic relationship between this material and architecture; this relationship becomes an expression of identity and belonging to a specific place where each building, both historical and new construction, point out the context in which it is included. The stone use in the architectural field has produced numerous highly complex and heterogeneous applications; in the past, it was used mainly as structural material. Then it has been gradually losing this feature to perform a purely formal one, mainly determined by the introduction of new materials and technologies in the modern building systems. In fact, the technological process, on the one hand, and the complexity of human activities, on the other hand, have broken off the relationship between architecture and stone. It has generated a growing performance request to building envelope, in terms of quality, wellbeing and comfort "indoor", which could no longer be satisfied by the stone used in a "traditional way". This requirement, also substantiated by the use of materials not directly available near the construction site, leads a change of balance between man and environment, well established over the time. Vice versa, today, the stone use becomes no more a "forced" choice, but a "rational" choice, because it is able to transform the architecture in a hallmark of a particular place. So, the concept of architecture as a construction product of particular place, 1 9th International Conference on NDT of Art, Jerusalem Israel, 25-30 May 2008 For more papers of this publication click: www.ndt.net/search/docs.php3?MainSource=65


This article was prepared for UNESCO, the United States National Commission on Libraries and Information Science, and the National Forum on Information Literacy, for use at the Information Literacy Meeting of Experts, Prague, The Czech Republic. The author explores some of the factors that facilitate and hinder the drive toward information literacy around the world, as reflected in publications of the International Association of School Librarianship (IASL) between 1998 and 2002. Initiatives taken in the compulsory schooling sector are illustrated with reference to the degree of existing literacy and technological infrastructure in particular countries, together with differing understandings of information literacy. The transition from literacy to information literacy and school library programs, promising practices in addressing students' learning needs, and those of their teachers are explored. Promising government initiatives are outlined, and recommendations for future progress are made.


Submicron-sized gold particles were prepared using laser irradiation for gold nanoparticles stabilized by citrate. It was revealed that laser irradiation induces the agglomeration of the source nanoparticles prior to the fusion.


There is a significant increase in the use of assisted reproductive technology to treat infertility, yet access to services is not equal for all women in the United States. Some marginalized groups face significant barriers accessing assisted reproductive technology. The authors review obstacles preventing marginalized populations from procreating, based on class, race and ethnicity, age, marital status, sexual orientation, and disability. The sociopolitical climate in the United States that maintains these obstacles is evaluated by the authors in this article. Finally, suggestions are provided for structural changes to decrease disparities in access to assisted reproductive technology and recommendations for family therapists working with clients who are unable to access assisted reproductive technology.


In this study, we discuss possible origins of the D″ reflector beneath the North Atlantic region based on a combined analysis of P and S wave data. We use over 700 USArray station recordings of the Mw 6.3 earthquake that occurred in April 2010 in Spain. In order to investigate the D″ layer we look for waves reflected off the top of it, namely PdP and SdS waves, and compare them to the core–mantle boundary (CMB) reflections used as reference phases. The differences in traveltimes and amplitudes are sensitive to D″ properties. Because the USArray installation generates a dense array, we are able to provide an almost continuous map of the detection or absence of PdP and SdS waves in the North Atlantic region. We use a Bayesian inversion for traveltimes, together with synthetic seismogram calculations, to find the best-fitting D″ properties, (Vp, Vs) jumps across the D″ interface and D″ thickness. We find that the best-fitting models are for a D″ layer of about 300 km thick, with or without a velocity gradient of about 30 km at the top of it. Regardless of the model type, positive and similar velocity increases in both P and S velocities at the D″ interface, ranging from 2.7 to 3.8  per cent, are required to fit the data well. Our data rule out velocity decreases in P and S waves at the D″ interface as well as no velocity reduction above the CMB. There are also regions where we do not observe PdP and SdS waves. Collectively, these observations suggest lateral variations in both chemistry and temperature, combined with phase transitions. For instance, ancient oceanic basalt debris from the Farallon slab could be modulating the detection of the D″ reflector in this region. We then combine these results with ambient seismic noise data in order to extend the coverage over the same region. We will discuss some preliminary results.


The Lattice dynamics of Ba.sK.4BiO3 was investigated by inelastic neutron scattering on a superconducting single crystal (Tr K (midpoint)). At low frequencies the dispersion curves are very similar to those observed in BaPb.TsBi.2~O3. Differences were found in the bond bending vibrations of the BiO6 octahedra which indicate that the binding in the K-doped compound is more ionic. Rather anomalous features were observed in the high frequency Bi-O bond stretching vibrations which resemble those observed in the high Tc cuprates Lal.ssSr.15 CnO4 and YBa2 Cu307. The observed frequency shifts are interpreted as the consequence from a strong electron phonon coupling. The data are compared to the results obtained on non superconducting Ba.gaK.02BiO3.


Abstract:In any emerging nation, efficient infrastructure holds the key to economic and social development. In the case of Indonesia, however, decades of under-investment and poor asset management have left the country with a significant infrastructure deficit. This paper explores the key problems facing infrastructure development in Indonesia since the Yudhoyono era. The current administration aims to tackle this challenge and improve the competitiveness of the Indonesian economy. Compared to the previous administration, the incumbent government has taken a more pragmatic approach to achieve its goals. One major policy has been to shift budget allocations away from fuel subsidies and towards infrastructure development. This has also been accompanied by continued efforts to reform regulatory and institutional frameworks. Despite these measures, the overall progress of Jokowi's infrastructure development has not been as smooth as expected. Limited resources and capacity mean that the administration needs to re-evaluate the number of national strategic initiatives and be more selective in prioritizing infrastructure projects. Moreover, the national strategic projects must be linked to larger development plans with longer time-frame, such as the National Spatial Plan and sectoral master plans in order to achieve integrated regional development.


SummaryThe mechanical wear of rhodium and ruthenium electrodeposits operating as slip-ring surfaces with palladium-silver alloy brushes is shown to be a function of electrolyte composition, plating conditions, and thickness of coating. Within selected thickness ranges the deposits function very satisfactorily and are resistant to wear. Types of roughness which should be avoided are discussed, and methods of measuring and controlling these are recommended. It is concluded that for slip-rings a thickness of 40 x 10−6 in should be sufficient to withstand the conditions involved in the majority of applications, and that for such duty ruthenium provides a more suitable surface than rhodium.


Regional cooperation between geographically contiguous groups of countries has become an important aspect of international trade and development policy, with regional trade agreements being seen as stepping stones along the road to multilateral free trade. This book examines whether the Pacific island countries can cooperate together as a region, along cultural, political-institutional and economic lines. This is important because the ongoing trade and aid partnership between the European Union and the Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states is meant to be based upon reciprocal free trade agreements, called Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA). EPAs were introduced by the Cotonou Agreement, which was concluded between the EU and the ACP in 2000. A big question is whether the Pacific island countries have a strong enough regional identity, political will and capacity to cooperate and liberalise trade at the regional level. Consequently, this book will be relevant to policy-makers and students of Pacific island politics and European Union development policy, as the Cotonou Agreement poses major challenges to the development partnership between the Pacific ACP states and the EU.


Mortality from intercurrent diseases among the patients for whom radiotherapy was the primary form of treatment did not differ significantly from the mortality based on comparable normal populations; the numerical difference was also small (Table 9). It was accordingly considered that the observed mortality for inter current diseases could be used for correcting the mortality for intercurrent diseases. For the surgical series the mortality from intercurrent diseases was significantly lower than is ascribable to chance. The value for the 5-years after surgical treat ment was 3.9 per cent against 6.3 per cent for a 5-year period for a control series comparable with respect to age. The difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05); it is particularly stacking in the higher age groups (Table 10). In the following series the observed mortality in intercurrent diseases is used for correcting for the death from these diseases.


Abstract THE lysine requirement for growth of chicks and poults has been determined by Almquist and Mecchi (1942) and by Grau et al. (1946). The results of investigations into the lysine requirements of laying hens have been reported by Grau (1947) and by Ingram and coworkers (1950). Reports on the amino acid requirements of chickens in the later stages of growth have not appeared in the literature. It is generally assumed that when the protein content of the chick starter ration is decreased from 20 percent to a 16 percent developing ration, the amino acid requirements of the animal are decreased in the same ratio. Since experimental proof has not been reported to substantiate this assumption, a series of investigations have been undertaken to determine the amino acid requirements of chickens in later stages of development. The first study in this series dealing with the lysine requirement of eight-week old Rhode . . .


With the implementation of the European Internal Market in 1993 the requirements for the vocational and academic education in Europe have changed significantly. One of the explicit responses to this development is the so-called Bologna Process 1 which does not stop at the borders of the European Union but is valid for meanwhile 46 European countries. This has brought a lot of challenges to the higher education institutions in Europe. In my presentation I want to discuss the development of the EU Internal Market, the emerging sport labour market in Europe and the adaptation of this process at the German Sport University.


Ambiguity in language translation is due to the presence of words in the source language with multiple non-synonymous target equivalents. A contextual analysis is required whenever a grammatical analysis fails to resolve such ambiguity. In the case of scientific and engineering literature, clues to the context can be obtained from a knowledge of the varying degrees of probability with which words occur in different fields of science. A figure of merit is defined, which is calculated from the probability of word occurrences, and which leads to the choice of a particular target equivalent of a word as the most probably correct one. The results of applying the technique to a set of twenty one Russian sentences indicate that the technique can be successful in about 90% of the cases. The technique can easily be adapted for use by a computer.


For reference dosimetry in MRgRT, k B,Q is used to correct for the impact of the magnetic field on the chamber calibration coefficient. It has been demonstrated that for accurate simulation of k B,Q the dead volume (DV) must be considered. This work goes one step further by analysing the contribution of secondary electrons generated in the various chamber components to k B,Q . The Farmer-type chamber PTW 30013 geometry was modelled for two different DVs. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for a 60Co source and a 7 MV MRI-linac and the model was validated against measurements. Both parallel (α = 0° or 180°) and perpendicular (α = 90° or 270°) orientations of the chamber and the magnetic (B) field were considered, and several B-field strengths between 0 T and 1.5 T. To study the dose contribution to the reduced volume (RV = cavity — DV) from the secondary electrons produced in certain components of the chamber the labelling of the particles was implemented in the PENELOPE user code PENMAIN. A separate model with each solid component of the chamber modelled as liquid water was used to investigate the impact of material choice on k B,Q . Results show that simulated k B,Q values agree better with the measured k B,Q when the DV is considered. It is demonstrated that small components of the chamber impact k B,Q considerably, since the contribution to the RV-dose from the bodies closer to the RV is higher than without B. Moreover, it is seen that the impact to the dose in the RV is reduced when the material of each component is modelled as liquid water. Therefore, chamber design and, to a lesser extent, choice of material affect k B,Q , and an accurate geometrical model of the chamber components and its further validation are important for correct calculations of k B,Q .


Context. Text rendering is useful in different contexts, and usually needs to be as sharp as possible. DirectWrite and Direct2D is a good choice when rendering for a 2D environment and can be used ...