After summing up history and based on the reality, the Central Government and Tibetan local government reached the "seventeen-article agreement" emancipating Tibet by peaceful means. The Central Government, aiming at achieving ethnical equality, eliminating ethnical estrangement and enhancing solidity between the Tibetan and Han peoples, focused on the "gradualness", "cautiousness" and "steady progress" in its ethnical work. The achievement of regional autonomy is the basic proposition held by the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong in solving ethnical problems. The Government has been unswervingly sticking to ethnical regional autonomy in Tibet and holding that Tibetans are their own masters politically, thus promoting the social and economic development in Tibet, respecting their life habits and guaranteeing freedom in religious belief. Its attitude towards the Dalai Lama is to welcome him back as long as he changes his basic position and attitude and stops his secessionist activities.


In this essay, Heidegger's theses on art, as he develops them in the text "On the Origin of the Work of Art," are reconstructed, interpreted, and critically evalua- ted. In doing so, we pursue a threefold goal. First, his theses on art are put in relation to the main theme of his philosophy:
 the question of being. Second, the different ways in which Heidegger takes art to be epistemically valuable are dif- ferentiated and reconstructed in detail. Third, Heidegger's theses are related to the contemporary debate on the epistemic value of art and critically discussed.


The cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector of parasitic disease which is transmitted via a dipterous insect bite, the phlebotomus. It always poses a problem for public health in Morocco and in many countries. It is a widespread pathology that develops under sporadic or endemic form. Having for objective to analyse the epidemiological situation of cutaneous leishmaniasis within Meknes prefecture and to detect the locations that are at risk to transmit this disease. We have offered to conduct a retrospective study of the cutaneous leishmaniasis cases registered at the level of this prefecture all along the period of 2009 through 2013. This research aims to analyse the annual segmentation of the cutaneous leishmaniasis cases according to urban or rural locations as well as the level of incidence by commune and by sectors. Data used is adopted for the epidemiological surveillance inserted in the register of the Epidemiological cell of the prefecture. The studied variables are: the number of cases, the year, the place, and the sector. To collect and to analyse data, we have used excel application. A total of 56 cases are registered by the prefectural cell of epidemiology (EPC) all along the period of 2009 through 2013 among which 56 percent are from the rural areas. 46 percent are from the urban locations. We have equally observed that this pathology spreads in the majority of sectors and locations in the prefecture, with a variable scale of incidence depending on the years. A predominance of the rural sectors :( DKHISSA and Wallili) is noted. In addition, to some urban sectors: (Sidi Amer, Ras Aghil) to take the case 2012 incidence: in respect to the following data : 65.1 ;59.1;23.64; 9.49. These findings are worth reconsideration by other studies in order to determine the ecology and dynamics of the population vector of this disease within range of the main locations of this prefecture.


Restoration of the joint line of the knee during primary and revision total knee arthroplasty is one of many critical steps that directly influence patient outcomes. Fifty MRI scans of normal atraumatic knees were analyzed to determine a quantitative relationship between the joint line of the knee and the bony landmarks of the knee joint: femoral epicondyles, metaphyseal flare of the femur, tibial tubercle, and proximal tibio-femoral joint. We describe the relationship of these six anatomic landmarks about the knee in a gender and size independent manner. This description supports a simple three-step algorithm allowing orthopaedic surgeons to calculate, instead of estimate, the location of the joint line of the knee.


The purpose of this study was to determine the use of latrihal media in improving fine motor skills in students with visual impairment. The methods used are lectures, demonstrations, and assignments. The subject of this research is 1 student with visual impairment at the special needs school, in Sumedang, West Java. The results showed that students experienced an increase in ability and had reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria of 65. In the initial ability, students get a score of 25 with a percentage of 25% and increase to a score of 72 with a percentage of 72%, so that there is an increase of 47%. Increased research is also indicated by the results of initial observations obtaining a score of 2 in the discipline aspect; a score of 1 on the conscientious aspect; score 1 on the aspect of concentration; and a score of 1 on the participatory aspect to a score of 3 on the discipline aspect; a score of 3 on the conscientious aspect; score 3 on the aspect of concentration; and a score of 3 on the aspect of participation in the final observation because students get direct experience using interesting media. This study demonstrates that the use of concrete learning media will make it easier to improve students' finger coordination skills. In addition, fine motor training media also makes it easier for teachers to guide students, especially for students with visual impairment.


Pride and Prejudice is a classic novel from Jane Austen, a prominent female British writer, which has attracted considerable attention from the perspective of language, content, feminism, and marriage view but without the plot organization. Different from the previous study, this paper aims at the plot organization of the novel to see its structure and the deep meaning.

This paper is devoted to analyzing the novel from the surface and deep structure, in which the structuralist approach is employed. The surface and deep structure theory is the main clue; besides, the structuralist narratological methods are applied to analyze the cases in the novel and explore the surface structure and deep structure respectively. The concepts of surface and deep structure and the structuralist narratological methods were applied to analyze Pride and Prejudice to see how the plots act to serve for the theme.

The paper shows that the achievement of a novel is closely related to its complement of the structure. The clear hierarchies can effectively elaborate the story and the theme. To divide the plot into several parts can easily control and handle the development and interaction of the plots. The relative and oppositional relations of the different plots contribute to the demonstration of the theme and the comprehension of the readers.


This paper presents an iterative queueing network model for the steady state performance analysis of a large avionics maintenance facility. The maintenance process involves hundreds of avionic equipment (customer classes), each requiring multiple maintenance operations and an overlapping set of resources (queues) for each operation. A three-level iterative algorithm is used to solve the resulting nonstandard queueing network model. One of the levels employs the well-known mean value analysis (MVA) technique to achieve computational efficiency. The model is currently in use, as part of a larger optimization-based design model, in the analysis and synthesis of maintenance facilities for avionic equipment.


Fick's second diffusion equation, with an added exponential sink term, is integrated numerically to simulate the decay of electrons at short times in the presence of scavengers. The time dependence of the scavenger concentration profile, the scavenging rate constant, and the electron concentration are illustrated graphically. Using the experimental results of Buxton et al. and Jonah et al. It is shown that the Smoluchowski equation is valid within their experimental time ranges provided the cage encounter distance is replaced by Reff, where Reff can be evaluated explicitly in terms of reaction parameters. It is also shown that tunnelling from relaxed traps may make a significant contribution to ultra-short time electron scavenging.


Iron (Fe) doped ZnO nanorods were synthesized on glass substrate using a sol-gel hydrothermal growth method by adopting various concentration ratios of 0.8 at% Fe, 1 at% Fe and 3 at% Fe respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis show that all the grown ZnO nanorods have a hexagonal wurtzite structure and are preferentially oriented along the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. At 3 at% Fe-doping, the crystalline quality and the preferential orientation of ZnO nanorods are improved and below 3 at% Fe-doping concentration crystalline quality and the preferential orientation of ZnO nanorods is weakened in turn. The surface morphology analysis of the samples show that the ZnO nanorods are grown vertically to the substrate surface and highly interconnected. Such interconnected network will facilitates the electron transport along the nanorods axis. Current-voltage and current-time characterization under the exposure of UV light ON/OFF sates with exhibited excellent current gain of 1.12 and good response/recovery time of 30 and 10 s showed that the fabricated device can be used for UV sensing applications.


From the Publisher:
This book presents frameworks, models, and tool environments for process-centered requirements engineering. First, it gives a comprehensive overview of the state of research and practice in the field. Then, a two-pronged solution strategy is developed. A conceptual modelling framework describes the process along the three dimensions of representation (from informal to formal), specification completeness, and stakeholder agreement. From the special problems found in creative processes such as requirements engineering, the book derives a novel characterization of process-centered engineering environments and elaborates the architecture of a new generation of process-integrated CASE tools. The concepts have been validated in PRO-ART, a prototypical process-centered requirements engineering environment developed in the Esprit project NATURE.


A large number of novel aeropropulsion system concepts are presented for subsonic through hypersonic applications offering large potential improvements. Collectively, these examples illustrate the revolutionary opportunities and challenges that could enable truly revolutionary aircraft capabilities in the future. Certainly not all of these concepts will ultimately prove fruitful. Nevertheless, the sheer number of existing concepts, including many unmentioned herein, is so large and the applications so vast, that the prognosis for the future of aeropropulsion is very encouraging indeed.


Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an economically important disease of chickens caused by type 1gallidherpesvirus (infectious laryngotracheitis virus, ILTV). Samples from lungs, trachea, liver and spleen were taken, representing 20 farms at Ismailia Province, for molecular studies and histopathological examination on Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus. The samples were obtained from broiler Saso chicken (50 days old) and breeders (65-100 day old) with variable morbidities and mortalities. Four pooled samples from the 20 farms were examined for characterization and identification of ILT virus by PCR. Electrophoretic patterns showed a specific band at 688bp positive in two samples while it was negative in the other two samples. Samples were genetically characterized as Gallid herpesvirus 1 with similarity to ILTV/Brazil/2007/USP-65 ICP4 by 98%Gen bank acc. no: gb|FJ477379.1|.The charactrestic histopathological lesions were found in the lung and trachea. The lung showed severe congestion emphysema and collapse. The trachea revealed degeneration and sloughing of tracheal epithelium with hyperemia, edema and leuckocytic infiltrations in the lamina propria and submucosa. The detected virus in this study was genetically characterized as Gallid herpes virus 1 with similarity to ILTV/Brazil/2007/USP ICP4 by 98%. For the prevention on latent infection need to improve recombinant vaccines. The PCR study proved the occurance of ILTV in the respiratory disease complex (RDC) at Ismailia poultry flocks. Recombinant vaccine improvement is recommended as prophylactive measures for the latent infections among chickens.


Average rates of CRC incidence and mortality in Croatia are parallel to those in developed countries with unfortunately clear increase in incidence rate during the last 30 ys, for 364 percent from 1970 till 2004. What makes the situation in Croatia even worse in comparison to developed countries, is the high mortality rate, steadily reaching 60– 70% of incidence rate. The incidence rate CRC/100 000 inhabitants - 65/100 000 (2005), and mortality rate 40.6/100 000 2006). Incidence increases rapidly for the group aged 60 and older. Main reason: the most cases of cancer are detected too late and at advanced stage with poor prognosis. Five-years relative survival is 49% for men and 50% for women. Methods: National screening program for colorectal cancers started in September 2007. Study population: all inhabitants of Republic Croatia aged 50 – 75 who are at an average risk for CRC. Campaign targets: 1. Reducing colorectal cancer mortality 2. Cancer detection ; 3. Detection and cure all precancerous colorectal lesions ; 4. Detection of other colorectal diseases characterized by occult bleeding ; 5. Compliance of 60%. Plan of investigation: In the first two years the questionnaire (and FOBT) will be distributed to all people in Republic Croatia aged between 50 and 75 ys. Colonoscopy will be offered and organised for all FOBT- positive persons. For all FOBT-negative people, new FOBT and colonoscopy for positive patients will be repeated every two years. Anticipated numeric data of campaign: Total Croatian inhabitants - 4 600 000 ; aged 50– 74 - 1 200 000. Public Health Institutes are responsible for Program coordination. From September to February - distributed over 93.312 pcs. Returned from different counties: 23, 3% (10, 2 – 36, 6%) ; positive FOBT: 10, 9% (3, 8 – 32, 9%) ; Colonoscopy ordered 1559 ; already done 1062 ; canceled 219 ; Colonoscopy findings (preliminary report): Normal finding: 407 (38, 3%) ; Pathological findings (mostly polyps): 638 (58, 9%) ; Cancers: 58 (5, 5%). Characteristics of Croatian campaign in those first ten months showed low percentage of returned FOBT, with high number of pathologic findings (polyps and cancers). Main problems: very old population (we started with population aged 74 and 70 ys) and low Programs budget. The ultimate goal is to increase general awareness about CRC and the value of screening. That would increase compliance among people while decreasing the fear from examination. In that way colonoscopy would become an ordinary and acceptable diagnostic method as it is already for example mammography in breast cancer screening program.


Higher education institutions rely increasingly on their faculty to create, implement, and validate administrative decisions. As a result, the position of faculty governance body leader provides a meaningful example of the type of faculty member who becomes involved in campus activities outside the normal workload. This study examined the work motivation of college faculty relative to campus governance activities. Data were collected as part of the 5-year National Data Base on Faculty Involvement in Governance. Responses were received from 84 faculty senate leaders. Faculty, through self-ratings were found to be motivated to become involved in extra work activities by feelings of empowerment, responsibility, and the importance of the decision making. Faculty leaders also identified characteristics of an ideal governance structure, rating the empowerment to question policy and early involvement in decision making as among the most desirable characteristics. (Contains 13 references.) (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Adult Work Motivation for Involvement in Shared Governance Activities Among Faculty Senate Leaders PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRA TED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1 Michael T. Miller Associate Dean College of Education San Jose State University One Washington Square San Jose, CA 95192-0071 (408) 924-3607 FAX: (408) 924-3713 email@example.com U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office 01 Educational Research and Improvement EDU ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.


Many published papers report excellent sensitivity, specificity and accuracy when non-radiologists employ ultrasound (U/S) to detect free intraperitoneal fluid in cases of blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). In this setting, it is best to view the FAST (focused abdominal sonogram in trauma) as a noninvasive diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL): It tells us whether there is free intraperitoneal fluid but does not determine the specific parenchymal injury. In other words it is a screening tool .


Unsafe enterprise conditions can lead to Work Accident t (CAC) and Work Disease (PAK) due to factors of employee, environmental and company behavior. Employee injury data at PT XYZ Medan which occurred in 2015 as many as 23 cases increased to 25 cases in 2016. Type of accidents experienced most traffic and pinched the machine or hit a sharp object. The purpose of this research is to know the correlation of discipline and supervision factor with the implementation of K3 employee at PT XYZ Medan. This research uses survey method with explanatory research approach. The population in the employee's study tends to be more at risk of KAK and PAK as much as 507 people and the sample size is 84 people. Data collection through questionnaires. Method of data analysis with univariate and bivariate using statistical test of multiple logistic regression at 5% significance level. The results showed that the probability value (p-value) of discipline variable 0,000 is smaller than the significance value (α) 0.05. The probability value (p-value) of the control variable is 0.000 smaller than the significance value (α) 0.05.Conclusion of research result that there is correlation of discipline and supervision with implementation of OSH employee at PT XYZ Medan. It is recommended that company leaders improve employee discipline by applying effective reprimand sanctions and increasing stricter supervision.


A generic class of fiber-optic sensors is evolving rapidly for applications requiring maximum sensitivity. Theoretical and practical performance levels of the Mach-Zehnder types of interferometric sensors will be reviewed. A number of optical and electronic detection/demodulation schemes are becoming available and will be discussed in terms of their various advantages for different sensing applications. Projections for future applications and implementation hardware trends will be highlighted.


Studying on frequency of nosological forms of marrow lympho-and myeloproliferative states by results of trepanobiopsiya from 2011 for 2014 was the objective of research. Mostly often (56% of supervisions) secondary changes of blood formation were registered; in 27,4% of supervisions myeloproliferative states are verified and 16,6% of supervisions were connected with lymphoproliferative diseases. Special complexity is represented by secondary changes of blood formation, «vague» which morphological criteria demand obligatory comparison to other clinical and laboratory methods of assessment on the base of blood formation.


cess Bookshare.org using their BrailleNote's KeyWeb Internet Browser and download books directly into the device. To celebrate, both companies are offering discounts through the end of 2003. A $100 discount on any new BrailleNote product is available to Bookshare.org subscribers. A $25 savings on a new Bookshare.org annual subscription will be offered to purchasers of a new BrailleNote or VoiceNote. For more information, contact: Benetech; phone: 650-475-5440; web site: <www.bookshare. org/web/AboutMembership.html>. Pulse Data HumanWare; phone: 800-722-3393; web site: <www.humanware.comlElE-frm.html>.


: Bone is a unique biological composite material made up of a highly structured collagen mesh matrix and mineral deposits. Although mineral provides stiffness, collagen's secondary organization provides a critical role in bone elasticity. Here, we performed polarimetric analysis of bone collagen fibers using second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging to evaluate lamella sheets and collagen fiber integrity in intact cranial bone. Our polarimetric data was fitted to a model accounting for diattenuation, polarization cross-talk, and birefringence. We compared our data to the fitted model and found no significant difference between our polarimetric observation and the representation of these scattering properties up to 70 µ m deep. We also observed a loss of resolution as we imaged up to 70 µ m deep into bone but a conservation of polarimetric response. Polarimetric SHG allows for the discrimination of collagen lamellar sheet structures in intact bone. Our work could allow for label-free identification of disease states and monitor the efficacy of therapies for bone disorders.


The authors have proved the hazel cultivation efficiency in the world and Ukraine. The expediency of this crop growing on the rootstock has been substantiated on the basis of the expedionary inspections of the hazel bole plants revealed in Ukraine. The problems of the grafted plants bole height have been considered, the crown forms, their formation technology recommended as well as the trees planting plans in the orchard. The bole height has proved to influence not only the habit but also sprouting formation of the under the conditions of such an orchard exploitation period. It appeared that hen creating hazel industrial orchards on its tree-like rootstocks it is important to elaborate the crown forms and bole height the parameters of which would ensure high productivity, limit the crown habit and enable to mechanize the fruits collection. The spherical and spindle-like crowns are proposed that are formed on a certain bole height, the latter form differing from the former by a less frit branches amount orientated concerning the row area (5-8). Hazel industrial orchards with the bole culture at present it is mainly are recommended to be established using the planting plan 7-6 х 6-4 m. But when choosing a concrete plan, first of all, the cultivar vigour should be taken into account like under the as well as the crown form, bole height and the fact that this orchard practically does not need irrigation. It is possible to foresee with great probability that the habit parameters of a bush-tree crown can be regulated by the bole height like concerning other fruit crops. However, the final conclusion cannot be made so far because of the lack of the facts as regards cultivars. Besides, it is a bush-tree that is studied and such sign as early-ripening occurs in those constructions in different ways. The necessity is stressed of improving the technology of the hazel grafted planting trees reproduction.


As it is well known, understanding some concepts is not a trivial task for a beginner in the field of the Probability and Statistics. With many students, they are initially greeted with mixed feelings of fear and anger. These feelings inhibit the learning of the probability and statistics. Emphasis has been placed in different directions with respect to the teaching of probability and statistics. Firstly, it focused on reducing the effort needed to perform statistical computations, but gave little insight into the meaning of concepts. Secondly, the emphasis was on meaning, but many of the students in the applied sciences were unprepared for such an approach and ended up knowing neither the theory nor the computational procedures. Our aim is to attempt to make probability and statistics as simple as possible for the student. In this work, we present multimedia tools in order to teach many probability concepts and simulating random experiments. The considered concepts are descriptive statistics, random experiments, sets and events, combinatorics, conditional probability, discrete random variables, continuous random variables, and central limit theorem. The computer is the principal instrument in the realization of these simulations. However, in some cases, the student does not know necessary programming concepts to design the experiments. For this reason, it is very important to supply an appropriate environment to the student for the realization of these experiments. These multimedia tools have been carried out in MATLAB using GUIDE (Graphical User Interface Development). The GUI Design Enviroment tools allow Handle Graphics objects to be manipulated interactively. These GUI's allow creating a teaching interactive environment. The student can select different values of the parameters in an easy way using command buttons, scroll bars and list and edit boxes without programming. The results are displayed using graphics, animations and related numerical values. The GUI's are completed with text. This text is a summary of the underlying mathematical theory related to the GUI'S. Matlab Web Server will provide an access via web to these tools. It implies an easy export of this tool to different operating systems and the virtual teaching. This tool is expected to be applied in the next academic course in the Department of Mathematics of the University of Extremadura (Spain).


Frohlich and Peierls showed that a one-dimensional system with a half-filled band can lower its ground-state energy by a dimerization from period l to period 2. It was an open question whether or not this dimerization was exact, i.e., whether additional symmetry breaking would further lower the energy. We prove that the dimerization is exact for a periodic chain of infinitely massive, harmonically bound atoms with nearest-neighbor electron hopping matrix elements that vary linearly with the aearestneighbor distance.


Space communication bridges the gap between planning issues and social studies. Linguistic and visual uncertainties are crucial in communicating knowledge successfully among all actors involved. The paper discusses extensions on foundations and future steps in enhancing mapping technologies.


The paper analyzes the creative methods for artistic conception in classical gardens in Suzhou,explores the application of the idea of serenity and internal warmth in classical gardens in Suzhou,displays the features of Suzhou garden which imagines the big from the small and uses small forces to defeat large ones,so as to have the direction significance for current gardening design.


Research costs are constantly rising world-wide, re search institutes are often bound to conduct resear ch in bad weather conditions. Fish density accurate estim ation made via acoustic echo integration is problematic in bad weather conditions due to acoust ic signal attenuation by waterborne air bubbles and vessel movement, which result in an underestimation of fish abundance. Correction factors have as yet not been established experimentally to account for acoustic signal attenuation in bad weather conditio ns. In this study, the nautical area backscattering coe fficients (NASCs) of corrugated and flat sea beds w ere measured by three 38 kHz split beam Simrad EK60 echosounders during different weather conditions (calm, moderate, and bad). The ratios of integrated sea bed NASCs under these different weather conditions were evaluated in order to estimate corr ection factors for acoustic signal attenuation. Ves sel roll and pitch were also used as an index of acoust ic signal attenuation at a given wind speed, wave s ize, and vessel-encounter angle. Results show that stabl e sea bed NASC ratios are found during periods of l ow (0-10 ms-1) wind speed, whereas at high wind speeds of around 30 ms-1 a multiplicative correction fact or of 2.3 must be applied. The results also suggest th at acoustic signal attenuation is vessel specific, and that transducer mounting position and vessel hull shape influence such attenuation. Therefore, the establis hed correction factors for surveys conducted in bad wea ther should improve the data quality for sustainabl e fisheries management.


The classical mathematical models and the corresponding multibody programs are not always adapted to the increasing diversity of railway bogie designs, since the most general envisaged case consists of a carbody (or several) carried by two rigid bogies equipped with wheelsets. Although the latter configuration still represents the major part of the railway vehicles in use, new concepts in the design of bogies (independent wheels, articulated frame, pneumatic suspensions,...) have a relatively poor scientific background with respect to the know-how gained in the domain of conventional vehicle : this justifies the development of more general mathematical modelling and computer programs, able to generate a reliable model in a relatively short time. The multibody program ROBOTRAN has been developed in that sense, offering the possibility to obtain the models of a family of railway vehicles - conventional or not - from a symbolic library of carbodies and bogies. The present paper illustates this through a comparison of behaviour between three bogies in a same situation :the entry curving at constant speed.


The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how the documentary film When the Levees Broke can be used to initiate discussions about health disparities in an undergraduate health education course. In the fall semester of 2014, the documentary When the Levees Broke and the companion curriculum Teaching the Levees were used to initiate discussion of health disparities in a health education methods course. Specific units from the Teaching the Levees curriculum were selected for relevance to the training of entry-level health education specialists and the potential for generating meaningful class discussion. Questions from the following units within the Teaching the Levees curriculum were selected due to their relevance to the study of health disparities: Citizenship, Economics, Geography. Two additional novel sets of questions were added that related to Community and the Synergistic Effects of Poverty. Over a 3-week period, students watched the film, completed questions in a written format, and engaged in lengthy discussion during the class period about the lessons learned relative to health education practice. Quotes were compiled and selected to illustrate the discussions that took place. Implications for the training of entry-level health education specialists in recognizing and addressing health disparities are discussed.


Professional Seminar is a Master's level course with a blended learning environment that includes online and offline learning spaces. Modeled after constructivist pedagogy, it is organized around student-centered activities with their dialogic and reflective postings on a Web 2.0 platform consisting of blogs, forums and wikis. Upon each speech given by respected industrial veterans or captains in their respective fields of expertise, students organize and moderate break-out discussion on topics such as leadership, communication, ethics and critical thinking. This is followed by online interaction in the Web 2.0 platform that documents students' socializing, dialoging and sense-making efforts. These posting documents are essential as they serve as records required to account for a final reflective report by students to substantiate their learning results. The challenges for Professional Seminar's eLearning records management are how the postings on a Web 2.0 platform can be maintained, arranged and described so to achieve their reliability, authenticity (identity and integrity), accessibility and usability over time. A system prototype will be explained that integrates web "archiving" and web annotation functions. Complete snapshots of web pages of the Web 2.0 platform are captured as records and ingested into a recordkeeping system through a web crawling process. The records are then grouped according to a classification scheme, through a metadata annotation process, based on a sense-making theory that explains how students authenticate, rationalize, norm and position their thoughts for transformative learning. Additional metadata can then be created to aggregate these annotations as a description of the captured eLearning space. Many technological challenges and alternative solutions will be discussed along with the prototype system presentation. A brief state-of-the-art survey on similar efforts will also be discussed to highlight the distinctiveness of the proposed approach.


The accumulation of chyle in the peritoneum appears when a disruption of the lymphatic system occur. The origin of this disruption may be secondary to traumatic injury, the exudation of lymph through retroperitoneal vessels or to obstruction or rupture of the peritoneal or retroperitoneal lymphatic glands. In this way, portal vein thrombosis is an unusual cause of chyloperitoneum. The etiology of portal vein thrombosis includes prothrombotic states and invasion or constriction by a malignant tumor.


Provided are a thick film conductor composition which is used to via charge and is useful for the LTCC photosensitive tape applied on a substrate, an electronic circuit comprising the composition, its formation method, and a structure using the composition. The thick film conductor composition comprises 70-98 wt% of at least one kind of electrically functional powder; 0.5-10 wt% of a glass frit; and 0.5-6 wt% of an inorganic boride, and the power, the glass frit and the inorganic boride are dispersed in an organic medium. Preferably the composition comprises further at least one kind of refractory inorganic oxide.


historiography', as reworked, perceived and imagined by the chiefs, sub-chiefs, government technocrats, spirit-mediums, war veterans and farmers of Mutirikwi, may be concerned less with how competing narratives accommodate and legitimise successive ruptures than how the continuity and immanent material presence of multiple pasts makes the politics of the present possible. Rejecting a linear narrative culminating in the current dispensation, Remaking Muturikwi instead highlights the constant reassertion of multiple, entangled 'imaginations of, or aspirations for' the past and future (p. 28, emphasis in original). Historiography is not the stuffy preserve of professional academics, but present in the colonial-era maps pinned to current day District Officers' walls, the ceremonial burials in the mapas (graves) of ancestors that 'make real' present-day land claims, and the construction of homesteads within the topographical imaginings of colonial-era conservation policy. Through this 'vernacular historiography', the politics of reproducing the past is omnipresent. And by engaging with the past as a concept made malleable by the close historical and material proximity of stuff, critiques of ahistoricity in anthropology from the 1980s have perhaps gone full circle, with Fontein's more ephemeral, intermittent, ambiguous and yet materially rooted engagement with aspirations, hopes, 'imagined futures' and 're-membered pasts', building on Ferguson's 'expectations of modernity', and offering a helpful approach to prospectively engaging with the past distinct from Cooper's more structural and linear model of alternative historical pathways and trajectories. Engaging with the local, vernacular historiographies of Mutirikwi's landscape, Fontein constructs a history defined not by the elite, their postulations, and lost possibilities, but by the affordances of material landscapes and the turbulent and visceral contests over truth-making and land-rights in Masvingo district over the past century, in which co-existent histories and claims are unexpectedly reworked and redeployed by agents from every demographic. This is historiography, the history of history, eschewing objectivism and instead mastering a critically engaged, vernacularly rooted ambiguity. For a book about materiality and the remaking of a landscape, the physical construction of the concrete dam itself is addressed only fleetingly – especially in the context of the well-documented labour disputes and appalling working conditions at the simultaneously built Kariba dam on the Zimbabwe–Zambia border (which proved crucial to nationalist projects undermining the Central African Federation). While the past and the future of Muturikwi, as reworked by locals, is richly retold, what of the thousands of labour migrants involved in the construction of the Mutirikwi dam, whose histories and imagined futures have been silenced by the dam's subsequent flooding? This, perhaps, is not what Fontein's locally rooted ethnography is seeking to achieve. Regardless, the book is an important contribution to the continent-wide historiography of Africa's multiple, ever-immanent pasts.


FIELD: technological processes. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to devices for grinding particles in a fluid material, in particular a powder or a semi-liquid for producing a chocolate mass, and to methods of grinding particles in such devices. Device comprises at least one pair of rollers, for which is installed at least one process parameter, in particular pressing pressure of rollers and/or speed of rotation, at least one of rollers, containing optical or acoustic sensor level gauge for measuring level of fluid material in roller gap or roller trough located in front of rollers. Control unit is configured to change at least one process parameter depending on measured level of fluid material in roller gap or roller trough. Method comprises grinding at least one roller pair, wherein one process parameter is controlled. In particular, pressing pressure of rollers and/or rotational speed of at least one roller is adjusted and level of fluid material in roller gap or roller trough located in front of rollers is measured. Depending on measured level, at least one process parameter is changed, said parameter selected, in particular, from pressing pressure of rollers, roller gap and rotational speed of at least one of rollers, as well as combination thereof. Level of fluid material in roller gap or roller trough is measured in a contactless manner using an optical or acoustic sensor. EFFECT: invention discloses a device for grinding particles in a fluid material. 18 cl, 5 dwg


Aim: To evaluate the effect on vertical bone augmentation of the screw tent-pole technique using particulate allograft in combination with injectable platelet-rich fibrin, and to compare this with autogenous block bone graft. Materials and Methods: This split-mouth randomized controlled study involved patients with bilateral partial edentulism and vertical bone loss in the posterior mandible. In each patient, the control side was treated with autogenous block bone graft harvested from the mandibular ramus and, on the test side, the screw tent-pole technique was employed, using particulate allograft in combination with injectable platelet-rich fibrin. All augmented sites were covered by leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin membrane. The primary outcome variable of this study was the radiographic changes to bone height 6 months after augmentation. The secondary outcome variables were the percentage of newly formed bone and the implant survival rate. The data were analyzed with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: Of the 13 patients included, a total of 11 patients (7 females, 4 males; mean age 50.92) completed the study. The mean values of vertical bone gain were 1.72 ± 0.78 mm for the test group and 2.83 ± 0.89 mm for the control group, which constitutes a significant difference (P = .008). The percentage of newly formed bone was 18.08% ± 2.17% for the test group and 14.26% ± 1.76% for the control group. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < .001). The implant survival rates were 100% for both study groups. Conclusions: Based on the study results, screw tent-pole can be considered a feasible technique for bone augmentation. Further randomized studies will be necessary to fully evaluate vertical bone augmentation using the screw tent-pole technique, with different graft materials and with larger samples.


Objective To explore change of sleep electroencephalography in depressions with physical anxiety. Methods Sleep electroencephalography was estimated in 6 depressions with physical anxiety(physical anxiety group), 12 depressions without physical anxiety(non-physical anxiety group) and 10 normal subjects(control group). Results Rapid eye move(REM) activity, intensity and density were significantly higher in non-physical anxiety group than those in control group[(112±41)% vs (72±18)%, (34±14)% vs (19±4)%,(188±56)% vs (124±19)%, respectively, all P 0.05 ]. REM sleep duration was significantly shorter in physical anxiety group(36±20) min than that in non-physical anxiety group (63±22) min and control group (60±17) min( P 0.05 ). Conclusion REM activity, intensity and density were increased in depressions without physical anxiety. REM sleep duration was shortened in depression with physical anxiety.


Affordable housing is perhaps the sought after topic in India that is discussed in both professional and policy circles in the current times. After an initial vagueness about what constitutes affordable housing, the later efforts to define it on built space and price parameters led to a better focus on the means of achieving affordable housing. Different agencies/organisations/government bodies have adopted different approaches/models for achieving affordable housing in India. This paper focuses on four broad models of affordable housing development in India-(i) area-based models (ii) agency models (iii) partnership models (iv) enterprise models. The salient features of these models are explained through specific case projects under each category. Finally, these models are compared on a matrix so as to help the various players of housing development in the adoption of such/ similar models in other areas. The replication potential of these models in other settings/contexts is also discussed through feature mapping done in the matrix.


Repair of critical-size bone defects in aged animals is improved when bone grafts are incubated with stem-cell factor Wnt3a before implantation.


Abstract Does community-based research emphasize professional-level data gathering that can positively impact community members? This article explores this question through case studies from environmental education and history, and discovers that a positive answer rests on the skill level of and access to suitable resources. We argue that in order to produce high quality data that is useful to the public faculty must place student skill development at the core of their practice. To do otherwise may unwittingly exacerbate the problematic trend of youth disengagement. Introduction As the service-learning movement in the United States modifies its trajectory in favor of civic education and other public outcomes--indeed, on politically re-engaging a generation of disaffected youth--it is no longer sufficient to point solely to increased service-learning activity or other community-based participation as a primary measure of success (Battistoni, 2002). Counting student contact hours in community settings won't suffice. Therefore, many practitioners are now focusing on integrating civic learning outcomes into their service-learning practices in order to better expose students to the mechanisms of local, state, and national policy making (Gottlieb & Robinson, 2002; Howard, 2001; Kahne & Westheimer, 2003). Additionally, in the past decade, many faculty have shifted their curricula to expose students to community-based research (CBR) practices (Polani & Cockburn, 2003). CBR activities can build and sustain community-university partnerships as well as build civic engagement in students. However, CBR experts readily acknowledge that CBR is not appropriate for all research projects, that methodology must be modified in order to account for students' and community members' varied research skills, and that ensuring student preparedness is a primary concern (Strand et al, 2003). Undergraduate students with CBR experience also readily note the importance of appropriate student skill development for project success (Willis et al, 2003). Today, faculty interested in building civic commitment in students must not only intentionally and regularly discuss curricular connections to public policy, but also in the case of CBR, we must ensure that student findings are seriously considered by community leaders and other public policy makers. But what if student-generated findings aren't considered; or what if they are used and then later discovered to be inaccurate? We suspected that student-generated research data were not being sufficiently utilized to inform public policy. Our response has been to begin an investigation of what was happening, and what could be done in the academy to ensure that students' CBR has sustained public impact. This paper will briefly discuss the Scott Peterson murder trial, a recent high-profile event in California in which students were utilized as community researchers with unfortunate results, and then explore two case studies from Portland State University (PSU) where faculty members focus specifically on generating high quality, usable data. The first study traces a PSU environmental educator's efforts to ensure high quality, student-generated biomonitoring data, and outlines a methodological strategy intended to increase the accuracy of these data. The second case study outlines curricular innovations that protect and honor a PSU oral historian's deep respect for narrators who are conscientious objectors from the Second World War. Poor Data and the Scott Peterson Murder Trial Consider the recent Scott Peterson murder trial. According to the Modesto Bee ("Trial Moved: Survey Flawed?" January 9, 2004), in fall 2003, 65 California State University at Stanislaus students in Professor Steven Schoenthaler's criminology class were given a service-learning survey assignment that, in the words from the course syllabus, would help students "gain hands-on experience working on a science project involving a current homicide case. …


MON-622 Background and Aim: Glycated albumin (GA) reflects a short-term glycemic control (about 2 weeks) in comparison to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) which reflects a long-term glycemic control. Thus, if the dietary, exercise, or medication therapy before the educational admission is effective, a rapid improvement in GA can be observed. However, the impact of the improvement in GA on the subsequent glycemic control is not well understood. This retrospective study analyzed the association between the change of GA before educational admission and glycemic control one year after the discharge of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method: We analyzed data from 114 T2DM patients who were admitted to our hospital from 2011 to 2016. The GA data within 30 days before admission and on the day of admission were available for all patients. The change of GA per day (ΔGA/day) was calculated as [(GA on admission) (GA before admission)/number of days between the two measurements of GA]. Patients with renal dysfunction (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m) or insulin deficiency [fasting C-peptide (CPR) < 0.5 ng/mL or two-hour postprandial CPR < 1.0 ng/mL] were excluded. Patients achieving an HbA1c of < 7.0 % at one year after discharge were defined as achievers, and the rest were defined as non-achievers. Multiple baseline factors including the ΔGA/ day between the two groups were compared. Results: Of the 114 patients, 68 were achievers and 46 were non-achievers. GA significantly declined during before and just after the admission to hospital (median [interquartile range]: 26.0 [22.2 32.7] to 25.0 [21.4 29.8] %, p < 0.001). The range of the ΔGA/day was between -1.14 and 0.28, with a median value of -0.08 [-0.26 0.002]. The age, body mass index, and HbA1c levels at admission were not significantly different between the two groups. The increase in CPR after the glucagon loading test was higher in the achievers than in the non-achievers (1.85 [1.32 2.87] vs 1.21 [0.53 1.92] ng/ml, p = 0.004). The ΔGA/day was lower in the achievers than in the non-achievers (-0.14 [-0.39 -0.006] vs -0.04 [-0.13 0.03], p = 0.002). A logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the ΔGA/day was the factor associated with achieving an HbA1c of < 7.0% at one year after discharge (Odds ratio: 0.037, 95 % confidence interval: 0.004 0.267, p < 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the ΔGA/day had an area under the curve of 0.67 in the achievement group and the cutoff value was set as -0.146 for predicting the achievement, with a sensitivity of 0.50 and a specificity of 0.85. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the change in GA before the educational admission can predict the glycemic control one year after the discharge of T2DM patients.


Introduction: The elderly represent a significant proportion of the populace and their mortality index is of public health significance. With dearth of vital registration, in-hospital based studies remains a desirable alternative. This study hopes to determine the epidemiologic pattern of elderly mortality with respect to sex, age, date and cause of death.
Methods: This is descriptive retrospective study of elderly deaths among hospitalized patients in a Nigerian Tertiary Care Center. The age, sex, date and causes of death were analyzed using SPSS 21 and results summarized in tables and figures.
Results: Elderly death constitute 24.7% of all hospital deaths with a crude mortality of 25.3%. Males constitute majority of the cases and 81.6% of the deaths occur within the 7th and 8th decades. Non-communicable diseases, communicable diseases and injuries constitute 80%, 12.5% and 7.6% of the cases respectively. Major specific causes of death include cerebrovascular accident, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, sepsis, diabetes mellitus, road traffic accident, prostate and colorectal cancers accounting for 28.8%, 8.7%, 5.7%, 5.3%, 4.9%, 3.8%, 3.4% and 3.0% of all cases respectively.


Multi-loop feedback control has attracted considerable attention due to its simplicity and ease of implementation.1 In order to simplify the cumbersome analysis of a multi-loop circuit, the signal flow graph representation should be used rather than our familiar nodal analysis methods. This paper presents a criterion from the well-established Mason's formula for multi-loop oscillator in terms of signal flow graphs. The multi-loop oscillator circuit based on two operational transresistance amplifiers (OTRAs) is used as an example.


Two previous studies (Heim & Watts, 1966; Heim et al., 1967) have shown the Brook Reaction test to be a most promising instrument for the measurement of interests and certain aspects of temperament. However, because it is a form of word-association test and is thus open-ended, information concerning its reliability is essential, especially if it is to be used in practice, e.g. guidance or counselling, with individuals. There is one further point: this test is long (80 items) and is time-consuming to score, even for experienced markers. It is possible that if the internal consistency were high, the test could be shortened without any loss of validity. It was therefore decided to examine the split-half reliability of all the scales in the Brook test—both those concerned with interests and those with temperament.


We design a robust control for serial-link mechanical manipulators with revolute and/or prismatic joints. The properties of the inertia matrix are first analyzed. It is shown that the inertia matrix can indeed be used to construct Lyapunov functions, even though some of the joints are prismatic. A robust control is proposed without assuming properties of the manipulator system other than uniform positive definiteness of the inertia matrix. The generic properties of the inertia matrix are also readily applied for other control designs.


Governments, donor agencies and other interested parties have long promoted the expansion and improvement of education systems as a means to foster more inclusive societies and a better quality of ...


The purpose of this research is to find out how to prepare, the form of implementation in Theravada Buddhist meditation, and the most important thing about this research is to find out the psychological condition of Theravada Buddhists who have practiced meditation regularly and correctly. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, namely research that is directed to conditions and facts that occur in a systematic and accurate manner regarding research and analyzes the truth of these facts based on the data obtained. Data collection techniques in this study used observation techniques, interviews, and a literature study. The discussion is through analysis of the results of observations and interviews. Based on the analysis of the literature and interviews with several sources, Buddhism is teaching contains a lot of ways of life, especially about morality. Meditation, which is one of the teachings of Buddhism, is a path to the final attainment of releasing suffering, and meditation has many benefits for the lives of Buddhists themselves because meditation provides inner peace for those who do it. This meditation requires preparation, such as carrying out moral discipline and also self-control, so that in carrying out this meditation, a person will be able to concentrate. And in the form of practice, this meditation is done by sitting, lying down, standing, and walking. Meditation for Theravada Buddhists is something that must be done in order to attain Nibbana. Followers who regularly meditate will make themselves calm, able to face problems with a cool mind, and most importantly, meditation can also make a person calm by cleaning dirty thoughts from within, where dirty thoughts tend to be negative, and being able to place a position on the present life, not stuck in the past and not expecting a future that has not yet happened. Apart from that, meditation is not only a religious activity, but meditation is also a tool for healing various diseases, which many non-Buddhists can use because they have faith in using this meditation and using the chosen object. This way, our mind will be focused, and mind will not go wild, giving us peace of mind.


After initial evaluation of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) high altitude aerial photography in 1971, the interest in application of high altitude coverage of Arizona resulted in an agreement between NASA, U.S. Department of the Interior, and the State of Arizona, to conduct the Arizona Land-Use Experiment. Space imagery and photography, high altitude aerial photography, training of state agency personnel, orthophotoquad production, and preparation of a manual of results are principal components of the agreement. Numerous applications for the photography, orthophotoquads, and space data are under development in a coordinated program involving key state agencies. The Arizona State Land Department routinely uses the high altitude photography and plans to incorporate 1:24,000 scale orthophotoquads into a comprehensive set of maps and thematic overlays for use in its land management program. Uses by the Arizona Highway Department include updating of photogrammetrically prepared transportation planning maps and highway alignment digitization from the orthophotoquads.


Objectives We investigated whether patient demographics, 4-month patient-reported outcomes (PRO) and muscle function predicted young athletes regaining symmetrical muscle function in five tests of muscle function 1 year after ACL reconstruction. Methods We extracted data on patient demographics, PROs and the results of five tests of muscle function from a rehabilitation-specific register. Athletes were 15–30 years of age, involved in knee-strenuous sport and had undergone a primary ACL reconstruction. The primary outcome was achieving a Limb Symmetry Index of ≥90% for the battery of tests 1 year after ACL reconstruction. Patient demographics, muscle-function data and results for PROs at the 4-month follow-up were analysed. Results In all, 237 athletes (59% female; mean age 22±4 years) were included in the study. One year after ACL reconstruction, 26% (62/237) of the included athletes had achieved symmetrical muscle function. Univariable analysis showed that symmetrical muscle function was associated with present self-efficacy, OR 1.28 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.58, p=0.011), knee-extension strength, OR 1.73 (95% CI 1.28 to 2.34), knee-flexion strength, OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.81), vertical hop, OR 1.77 (95% CI 1.27 to 2.45), single-leg hop for distance, OR 1.98 (95% CI 1.24 to 3.17) and side hop, OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.15 to 2.33). Conclusion Symmetrical knee-extension and knee-flexion strength, a more symmetrical hop performance and higher present self-efficacy at an early stage all increased the odds of achieving symmetrical muscle function in young athletes 1 year after ACL reconstruction.


Purpose
This study aims to investigate innovation intensity by exploring the roles of internally focused and externally focused information technology (IT) use intensity and innovation culture on innovation intensity and organizational performance.

Design/methodology/approach
A model exploring the effects of internally and externally focused IT use, plus two key dimensions of innovation culture – collaborative and entrepreneurial – on innovation intensity and organizational performance is tested via a structural equation model using partial least squares with data collected from 395 top executives.

Findings
The results indicate that intense use of internally and externally focused IT and the collaborative dimension of culture positively affect innovation intensity, which, in turn, increases operational and financial performance.

Practical implications
Innovation is an important driver of performance, for both internal efficiency and competitiveness. The role of IT in the innovation process is key: it allows information, knowledge and idea sharing. Top managers should make a wide array of IT tools available to increase internal and external information exchanges. They should also develop an organizational context that stimulates innovativeness and promotes collaboration.

Originality/value
IT helps employees acquire and use the knowledge needed to innovate within and outside organizational boundaries. To be innovative, employees need to work in an organization with a strong innovation culture, a primary determinant of innovation intensity. This study is one of the first to examine the effects of an organization's innovation culture and its use of IT on innovation intensity and organizational performance. In addition, constructs of innovation intensity and internally and externally focused IT use are developed and tested.


Despite the considerable technological progress of haptic technology in recent years, to date there are still no wearable systems capable of providing both kinesthetic and cutaneous feedback that are universally recognized and adopted outside the research contexts. This is particularly evident when dealing with virtual reality, where the lack of truthful tactile feedback has often been addressed by exploiting Pseudo-Haptics methods. Being designed to indirectly stimulate the somatosensory system, these methods are not meant to be integrated with haptic devices. With the idea of providing a meeting point between the haptic and pseudo-haptic fields, this work proposes Self Contact: exploiting the pseudo-haptic principles to lead the user in generating a real kinesthetic feedback through the contact between his/her fingers. Self Contact can be implemented alone or in combination with haptic thimbles, allowing to complete the set of tactile stimuli that is necessary for a realistic interaction with virtual objects in pick and place operations. A step-wise validation demonstrated that the proposed approach is suitable for recovering the kines-thetic feedback into virtual reality, towards the development of increasingly immersive environments.


The present invention relates to the field of display technology, and to provide a display panel and a display panel forming such a method, and a display device. Said display panel comprising: an array substrate; the array substrate of the bonded substrates bonded; and two capacitors for realizing the array substrate and the pair of parallel plates bonded between the signal transfer substrate capacitance, wherein the parallel plate capacitor electrode plates are respectively positioned on the surface of the array substrate and the opposing substrate bonded to each other, thereby achieving conduction between the array substrate and the bonded pair of substrates, and eliminates the prior art to achieve an electrically conductive gold ball, etc. such conducting cartridge caused thick uneven light leakage and other issues.


On December 3, 2020, a senior researcher at the Department of Applied Mathematics of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Ivan Dmitrovich Borisov passed away. The bright memory of Ivan Dmitrievich Borisov, a real scientist and a wonderful man, forever remains in the hearts of his colleagues, students and friends.


In attempts to determine whether the injection of young mice would serve as a method for the detection of smaller amounts of virus, newly born, unweaned Swiss mice have been inoculated intracerebrally or intranasally with tenfold dilutions of suspensions of infected adult mouse brains. These mice have been found susceptible and preliminary experiments suggest the possibility that newly born mice will succumb to one-tenth the dose necessary to kill grown mice by the respective routes. In the course of these experiments it has been noted frequently that the mothers had devoured their dead or moribund offspring. In 3 of such cases the mothers were found dead after intervals of 5 to 7 days. This suggested the possibility of the mothers having contracted the infection by feeding and accordingly the brain of the last one was tested by passage to other mice and found to contain virus. In addition, grown mice of both sexes were allowed to feed on moribund or dead, newly born mice previously infected with virus by the intracerebral route and in 2 of 7 instances the mice died or were sick 7 days after feeding. From these, virus was obtained from the brain by passage to grown mice. A few experiments performed so far, in which mice have been allowed to eat infected adult mouse brains, have all failed to result in clinical infection. This is in agreement with the findings of Brodie. 1 The importance of the observation that adult mice can be infected by eating the bodies of infected, newly born mice, is that this mode of entry may have epidemiological significance. It is the only mode of entry so far described in which this infection has been transmitted from mouse to mouse by some natural means and not by inoculation.


Twelve-Tone Cartography: Space, Chains, and Intimations of "Tonal" Form in Anton Webern's Twelve-Tone Music by Brian Christopher Moseley Advisor: Joseph N. Straus, CUNY Graduate Center First Reader: Philip Lambert, CUNY Graduate Center and Baruch College "is dissertation proposes a theory and methodology for creating musical spaces, or maps, to model form in Webern's twelve-tone compositions. "ese spaces are intended to function as "musical grammars," in the sense proposed by Robert Morris. And therefore, signi!cant time is spent discussing the primary syntactic component of Webern's music, the transformation chain, and its interaction with a variety of associational features, including segmental invariance and pitch(-class) symmetry. "roughout the dissertation, these spaces function as an analytical tools in an exploration of this music's deep engagement with classical formal concepts and designs. "is study includes analytical discussions of the Piano Variations, Op. 27 and the String Quartet, Op. 28, and extended analytical explorations of the second movement of the Quartet, Op. 22, and two movements from the Cantata I, Op. 29.


This paper presents an ethnographic case study of a physics laboratory 1 in Germany, which has the striking characteristic that, at the PhD and postdoc level, women outnumber men. While such a clustering of women in male-dominated fields may occur frequently in local settings, such an inversion in workplace gender balance has escaped the notice of gender studies in STEM. In Germany, the participation of women at all stages of the academic career in physics has increased since the turn of the 21st century, but on average women make up only 20–25% of physics students at the bachelor, master's, and PhD levels. It is concluded that this physics laboratory exemplifies an exceptional assemblage of norms and policies of gender equality, processes of recruitment, work organization and professional culture of physics that is inclusive for women and men with different biographical backgrounds. Prior investigations in gender studies have shown that the professional culture of physics is constituted by interwoven ways of "doing gender" while "doing physics". In contrast, this case study shows that "doing physics" and "doing gender" might become disentangled in this local setting. Therefore, this study contributes to challenge perspectives on gender and STEM research that seek to de-gender STEM fields. /* Style Definitions */
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Any contemporary approach to the construction of the self must be able to deal with the prevailing context of 'the entropy of the social' and its impact on the self. This paper: (1) examines the rise of 'entropic' views of sociality and destabilised selfhood and discusses the central difficulty traditional frameworks, based on two broad paradigms of understanding selfhood, have for indexing the stability of the self as a register of social change. As it stands, current approaches leave us in a state of undecideability. (2) Following a genealogy of agency theory in the sociological canon, it argues that we can generate models of greater analytical depth to resolve ambiguity by re-aligning and relating two key features of reflexive selves in action: responsivity and recognition. Finally, (3) this argument is developed in the context of empirical work on couples in cross-generational relationships which are by one definition entropic. A new framework is proposed.


Abstract: Mennonite historiography flourished during the middle decades of the twentieth-century as in few previous eras. Two differing generations of historians, sociologists and theologians rediscovered the sixteenth-century roots of Anabaptist-Mennonite history and offered those beginnings as the normative model for contemporary Mennonites to emulate. Whatever differences existed in the interpretation of the sixteenth-century, both generations were persuaded that the subsequent story was best understood as a declensive one. Mennonites over the centuries had squandered the riches of the birthing moment. Many of these declensive interpretations were framed as jeremiadic sermons. But the demise of Anabaptism as the normative moment for all subsequent Mennonite history has also permitted the emergence of alternative interpretations of the Mennonite past. The Mennonite Experience in America series offered an ironic interpretation as one possibility. Ironic interpretations have a greater recognition of the intractable forces of history than those rooted in the declensive posture. ********** On August 7 and 8, 1942, 115 Mennonite academic, clergy and lay people gathered at Winona Lake, Indiana, for a "Conference on Mennonite Cultural Problems." The gathering was one of the more ecumenical meetings of Mennonites in the early 1940s. Included were descendants from the sixteenth-century Swiss and Dutch Anabaptists and the Hutterites. People gathered from l0 different stares ranging from Pennsylvania to California. Thirty-three women were among those present. Mennonite conferences represented included the Mennonite Church, the General Conference Mennonite Church, the Mennonite Brethren Church and perhaps others as well. (1) The 1942 gathering began a series of sixteen conferences that initially met annually and then usually bi-annually to 1957. Beginning with the 1943 conference the title was broadened to the "Conference on Mennonite Educational and Cultural Problems," a name suggested no doubt by members of the Mennonite Church since that conference featured "problems" committees. The published Proceedings of these sixteen conferences total 165 articles written by 120 different authors. No single scholar or even small collection of scholars dominated these discussions. J. Winfield Fretz with seven articles and J. Howard Kauffman with four were the most frequent contributors. Paul Bender, Melvin Gingerich, Guy F. Hershberger, Robert Kreider, Paul Shelly and Donovan Smucker all contributed three articles. Of these most published authors in the series four were from the Mennonite Church and four were General Conference. Fourteen of the 165 articles were written by women. The most striking absence from this roster of "who's who" in Mennonite academe is the historian C. Henry Smith. (2) Exactly a decade after the conference in Winona Lake seven American Mennonites met in Amsterdam for what they described as a two-week theological retreat. Those seven--Irvin Horst, John W. Miller, Paul Peachey, Calvin Redekop, David A. Shank, Orley Swartzentruber and John Howard Yoder--were all members of the Mennonite Church or had been educated at Mennonite Church schools. The two-week retreat and subsequent meetings of these seven and friends also generated a publication series; Concern: A Pamphlet Series began publication in 1954 and ceased in 1971. Its eighteen issues included 79 major articles written by 51 different authors. But unlike the Proceedings of the Cultural Problems conferences here several authors disproportionately contributed more to the series. John Howard Yoder wrote nine articles, Paul Peachy five, Walter Klaassen and John Miller four each, William Klassen, Gerald Studer and Lewis Benson three each. (3) There were some cross-overs between the two series: Harold S. Bender, J. Lawrence Burkholder, Elmer Ediger, Leland Harder, Irvin Horst, William Klassen, C. Norman Kraus, Albert Meyer, Paul Miller, Paul Peachey, and Calvin Redekop. …


In target recognition field, Fern algorithm has been researched because of the high-recognition accuracy and the simple structure. Feature vector of Fern are constructed randomly. Consequently target recognition accuracy is depended on randomness. This paper proposes the efficient method to construct feature vector for Fern. Firstly, the proposed method calculates a correlation coefficient between feature vectors and then uses a correlation coefficient for measurement about the uniformity of distribution of feature vector. we use 2bit binary pattern to feature vector. We present through experiment result the relation between the uniformity of distribution of feature vector and target recognition accuracy.


In today's global food systems, the prices of food reflect not only the cost of the initial product and marketing costs but also the process of moving products from producers to c onsumers. It is useful for local producers and processors to understand how the national marketplace operates. A few questions they need to consider are: How is final value distributed among U.S. consumers of sausage products? What are the functions that command the greatest value? Where are the market opportunities an d challenges for local producers? Disciplines Agribusiness | Agriculture | Operations and Supply Chain Management This poster is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/leopold_pubspapers/123 *$7.5 Billion (sales as groceries) added to $11.6 billion (sales as prepared foods), $7.5 billion/$438 billion in total grocery sales ~ 2%; $11.6 billion/$311 billion ~ 4% of total prepared food sales, from 2002 USDA Census of Agriculture. Understanding National Food Supply Chains: Sausage Products By Sue DeBlieck, based on an analysis by Randy Boeckenstedt Edited by Rich Pirog and Mary Adams In today's global food systems, the prices of food reflect not only the cost of the initial product and marketing costs but also the process of moving products from producers to consumers. It is useful for local producers and processors to understand how the national marketplace operates. A few questions they need to consider are: How is final value distributed among U.S. consumers of sausage products? What are the functions that command the greatest value? Where are the market opportunities and challenges for local producers? Who buys sausage? The total value of sausage products, which includes fresh sausages (fresh pork sausage, fresh bratwurst, etc.), cooked sausages (hot dogs, smoked sausages, cotto salami, spiced luncheon meat, etc.), and dry and semi-dry sausages (summer sausage, pepperoni, hard salami, etc.) purchased by consumers nationally is estimated at $19.1 billion.* Grocery venues purchase approximately $5 billion and deliver it to consumers for about $7.5 billion. Food service venues purchase approximately $3.1 billion and serve it to customers for $11.6 billion. Approximately 33 percent of consumer dollars spent on sausage products delivered as groceries is retained by the grocery venue, 8 percent is kept by the wholesale/distributor venue, and 58 percent is returned to the processor. Nearly 73 percent of prepared food value is retained by the food service venue, 3 percent is retained by the wholesale/distributor, and 24 percent is passed on to the processor. How fast does it move? Manufacturing operations depend on rapid, relatively steady turnover. On average, sausage products spend 11 days being processed and held as a finished product by the processor. The products spend roughly two more weeks under the ownership of wholesale/distributors. How is value generated across the supply chain? Domestic processors and imports provide $8.6 billion in initial value, which generates $9.8 billion in total purchases by grocery, food service, and other downstream venues: $5 billion (51 percent) by grocery venues, $3.1 billion (32 percent) by food service venues, and $1.7 billion (17 percent) by other entities (food manufacturers, etc.). Of total downstream purchases, $3.3 billion (34 percent) are sold directly from the processor and two-thirds are distributed through wholesale/distributors. Overall, wholesale/ distributors add approximately $0.6 billion in value to total purchases by grocery venues and $0.4 billion to purchases by food service venues. Figure 1. Movement of Sausage Products Center for Transportation Research and Education Processing $8.6 billion initial supply (97% domestic, 3% international) Distribution 66% wholesale/distributor 34% direct sales


A specialized arrangement of gas-puff capillaries and in-situ pressure gauges has been installed in Alcator C-Mod to allow gas conductances and flows around divertor structures to be measured with or without plasma present in the chamber. Results are presented from a series of dedicated experiments performed during the 1020725 run day (MP#313, " Instrumented Divertor Leakage Experiments "). Gas conductances and flows are compiled in this report with the aim of providing good benchmark points for numerical simulations of gas flow and " plasma plugging " physics in Alcator C-Mod. A strong plasma plugging effect is found at locations where the divertor structure is opened for diagnostics access (the so-called " open-port " locations), as evidenced by a factor of ~4 reduction in the local gas conductance with plasma present. The effect is most dramatic for locations in the upper chamber region where there is no neutral baffle structure; a factor of ~5 reduction in the local gas conductance is found there. Gas conductance through an open divertor flap is measured to be a factor of ~3 lower than that which has been commonly assumed using the area of the open flap. The conductance through the flap is found to be similar with or without plasma present, indicating that there is no " plasma plugging " effect occurring at this location. The gas flow rate through a flap that is adjacent to an " open-port " location is found to be a factor of 2 lower than at a location distant from open ports. The latter result suggests that significant toroidal variations in the pressures exist under the lower divertor modules.


This study modifies a dynamic computable general equilibrium GTAP model by incorporating circular economy mechanisms for recycled green building materials (GBMs), and collecting data to estimate and build entire supply chain and sales chain for recycled GBMs. The goal is to forecast the possible development of the GBM sectors of China, the EU28, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan, the USA, and the rest of the world to 2030, and their environmental impacts. Results reveal that the average output quantity growth of GBMs will increase significantly and continuously to 2030 (Japan is 12.64%, followed by Malaysia (11.75%), EU28 (11.13%), Korea (10.97%), USA (9.85%), China (7.12%), Taiwan (6.48%), and India (5.88%)). The development of the RGBM sector will improve environment by saving water (and 15.30 M3), saving energy (13,428,333 Terajoules (TJ)) and reducing greenhouse gas emissions (265.87 million tons CO2eq) in 2030, helping to achieve the targets in the Paris Agreement and sustainable development goals, while mitigating the negative impacts of increasing greenhouse gases of increasing output value of GBM's supply chain on climate change. The models and results in this study provide guidelines and references for decision-makers in the GBM industry and the government who are responsible for making sustainability development and climate change policy.


The effect of residual elements on the continuous cast slabs and surface quality of hot rolled plates is studied by scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope and EDS analysis.The results show that some Cu,As and Sn are simultaneously enriched in the scale of slabs.Some Cu/As and Sn are simultaneously enriched in the interface of hot rolled plate scale and steel matrix,the content of Cu/As/Sn in the steel matrix is higher than that in the scale.The segregation of Cu/As and Sn at the austenite grain boundaries and Cu/As and Sn enriched phase in the slabs are formed by selective oxidation,the reheating exacerbates the enrichment of Cu/As and Sn,and the penetration and diffusion of Cu/As and Sn toward the steel matrix deteriorates the hot ductility of steel tremendously,which induce lots of surface microcracks in the hot rolled plate.The mechanism of the effect of Cu/As and Sn enriched phase on surface microcracks is analysised.


Plasmodium falciparum is a parasite that is responsible for causing human malaria. According to WHO latest report, 228 million cases and 405000 deaths were reported from all over the World in 2018. Several B cell epitopes against Plasmodium falciparum were identified and reported in databases but most of them were not reached to vaccine level. After performance of conventional method sometimes designed vaccines were failed at different level of clinical phase trial. So, in order to reduce the risk of failure and minimizing the cost, time and efforts we used computational approach to design vaccine construct. In present study we used experimentally reported B cell epitopes for designing of vaccine construct. IEDB server facilitated to retrieve 1077 experimentally reported B cell epitopes which were further screened to obtain 8 B cell epitopes that potentially induce the cytokine response along with humoral response. By using finally screened B cell epitopes and three different types of linkers we have designed three vaccine constructs (VC) and performance of 3 VC was evaluated on basis of their structural and immune induction analysis through several bioinformatics tools. Further we have studied the molecular interaction of designed VC (BVC1, BVC2 and BVC3) with malaria specific antibodies. Immunoglobulin (IgG1 and IgG3) were used for molecular docking study as they were found to be associated with pathogen clearance. Further, we also predicted T cell epitopes from B cell epitopes which showed 97.39% population coverage for World population. The designed VC BVC3 emerged to have significantly high potential to be utilized as potential vaccine candidate for activation of immune response. Although the study is performed through benchmarked bioinformatics tools but needs to be validated through experimental validation.


(57) Improved methods Abstract: Friction stir welding, in addition to the plasticity of the material formed a vertical force along the surface of the member, vertical direction of the probe to coagulate the plasticity of the material behind the probe by simultaneously flow out of material along the pin, is based on to potently outflow longitudinal plastic material perpendicular to the extension member of the assembled materials proximity. Non-consumable probe (1) is provided with a concave bottom portion (23) having a replaceable pin having a threaded surface structure (24), a blade projecting two or more lateral consisting preferred embodiment with.


Formation energies and vibration frequencies for H in wurtzite GaN were calculated from density-functional theory and used to predict equilibrium state occupancies and solid solubilities at elevated temperatures for p-type, intrinsic, and n-type material. The solubility of deuterium (D) was measured in p-type, Mg-doped GaN at 600, 700, and 800 °C as a function of D2 pressure and compared with theory. Agreement was obtained by reducing the H formation energies 0.22 eV from ab initio theoretical values. The predicted stretch-mode frequency for H bound to the Mg acceptor lies 5% above an observed infrared absorption attributed to this complex. More limited solubility measurements were carried out for nominally undoped material rendered n-type by donors provisionally identified as O impurities, and results agree well with theory after the aforementioned adjustment of formation energies. It is concluded that currently recognized H states and physical processes can account for the equilibrium, elevated-temperat...


The computation of acoustical wave‐fronts in 2‐D and 3‐D coordinate space can be performed by the computation of rays and approximation of the fronts between the rays by some interpolation formula. The amount of neccessary rays increases with distance and rapidly exhausts memory and performance of the computer. It happens due to the extremely sophisticated and unsmooth nature of the ray picture. Due to the fact that trajectories of a dynamic system do not intersect in phase space, appropriate rays and fronts surface in phase space is smooth and can be easily approximated by a smaller number of rays, and this number increases very slow with distance. This number can be reduced by involving equations in variations, which generate tangent vectors to this surface. Formally, dimension of phase space is a doubled dimension of coordinate space. Using some properties of ray equations, the dimension of the phase space in the 2‐D coordinate case can be reduced from 4‐D to 3‐D and in 3‐D coordinate case from 6‐D to ...


The purpose of this article is to describe two instructive events at the university: preparatory discussion among students and explanation in the classroom. The participants in both types of events have the intention of giving information which they have learned while reading about an academic topic. This fact leads to communication which shows traces of both literacy and orality. The description mentioned above highlights the relationship between the process of speech production and the framework of participation, clearly showing their implications for the interactive process of the two instructive events here analysed.


Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) applications have rapidly transformed remote sensing and scientific research of landscapes, especially research targeting ecological systems and cultural resources. While used in landscape architecture and landscape research by select research groups, it's not broadly applied as a primary source of information in landscape ecological design and


Purpose - – This study aims to theorize and empirically examine the relationship between "purchase intention and conversion rate", "website satisfaction and conversion rate" and "purchase intention and conversion rate". E-Commerce conversion rate represents the percentage of visits to an e-tailer's website that includes a purchase transaction. Despite the importance of conversion rates for e-tailers, prior research predominantly used purchase intention and website satisfaction as main dependent variables and implicitly assumed that these variables will influence the actual purchase. Design/methodology/approach - – Data on 85 US retail websites were used to test the hypotheses. The unit of the analysis is the online retail website. Regression analysis was used to perform the data analysis. Findings - – The results indicate that both purchase intention and website satisfaction positively influence conversion rates. It was also found that website satisfaction positively influences purchase intention. Research limitations/implications - – Only data from 85 US e-tailers from the top-100 US online retailers are used to test the hypotheses. Also, conversion rate is only one of the several important success metrics used by e-tailers. Originality/value - – This study not only examines antecedents of e-commerce conversion rates, but also theorizes and tests if there is a statistically significant relationship between "purchase intention and conversion rate" and "website satisfaction and conversion rate". This is because, although previous studies used purchase intention and website satisfaction as main dependent variables and proxies for actual purchase behavior, they did not validate this relationship. This study shows that: there is a statistically significant relationship between "purchase intention and conversion rate" and "website satisfaction and conversion rate", there is also a statistically significant relationship between "website satisfaction and purchase intention" and this study used firm-level data to theorize, measure and analyze the data, whereas prior literature used only individual-level data.


Rationale: Lung cancer has a high mortality even when it is diagnosed at an early stage. Intercepting these early changes using chemoprevention could dramatically improve survival. Increased prostacyclin provides effective chemoprevention in multiple murine models and its oral analogue, iloprost, increased regression of dysplastic lesions in former smokers in clinical trials. MicroRNAs are short, noncoding RNA that are important post-transcriptional regulators during carcinogenesis. miRNA stability makes them attractive as potential biomarkers of premalignancy and response to chemoprevention. We hypothesize that alterations in the miRNA profile in early tumors and at-risk lung tissue are attenuated by increased levels of prostacyclin. Methods : Wild-type and transgenic prostacyclin synthase overexpressing (PGIS-OE) FVB/N mice were sacrificed at time = 0 as well as 8 and 16 weeks after intraperitoneal injection with urethane, which is known to induce Kras mutations resulting in adenocarcinoma. Transgenic mice and wild-type littermates were sacrificed at multiple timepoints (baseline, 8 weeks and 16 weeks post-urethane). Visible tumors were dissected and separated from remaining lung tissue. Tissue was lysed and homogenized and total RNA was extracted using the QIAGEN AllPrep DNA/RNA/miRNA Universal Kit. Samples from time = 0 and 16 weeks were analyzed using the Nanostring nCounter analysis system, which analyzed 550 murine miRNAs per sample. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed using primers from QIAGEN. Results: miRNAs from lungs of naive WT and PGIS-OE mice were compared using Nanostring nCounter, without significant differences. From the 16-week group, miRNAs from tumors were compared with uninvolved lung tissue, with significant changes identified in over 80% of miRNAs tested. These data were cross-referenced with published human data, and a subset of biologically relevant miRNAs was chosen for further investigation with qRT-PCR in the earlier, 8-week timepoint: miR-143 (fold change=1.84), miR-146b (1.41), miR-154 (1.29), miR-410 (0.57), miR-429 (2.01), miR-451 (0.47). The miRNA fold-changes observed in the urethane-treated WT mice at 8 weeks were attenuated in the PGIS-OE mice. Conclusions: There are important changes to the miRNA profile in adenomas (early tumors) at 16 weeks, and these miRNAs are aberrant in the lungs at an even earlier time point when tumors have not yet developed (8 weeks). The changes to the miRNA profile in early carcinogenesis are attenuated by the presence of increased prostacyclin, even though prostacyclin does not cause significant changes to the miRNA profile at baseline. Ongoing investigation includes the evaluation of additional miRNAs in these samples, some from later time points (24 weeks), in cancer cell lines exposed to iloprost and in bronchial epithelial cells from a clinical trial of high-risk subjects treated with inhaled iloprost. Citation Format: Melissa L. New, Meredith A. Tennis, Lori D. Nield, Debbie McArthur, Robert L. Keith. Changes in miRNA profile in a murine model of lung adenocarcinoma are attenuated by increased prostacyclin levels [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR-IASLC International Joint Conference: Lung Cancer Translational Science from the Bench to the Clinic; Jan 8-11, 2018; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(17_Suppl):Abstract nr A14.


This paper is concerned with overcoming the arithmetic problems which arise in the solution of linear systems with integer coefficients. Specifically, solving each systems using (integer) Gauss elimination or its variants usually results in severe growth in the dynamic range of the integers that must be represented. To alleviate this problem, a residue number system (RNS) can be utilized so that large integers can be represented by a vector of residues which require only short wordlengths. RNS arithmetic, however, cannot easily handle any divisions that are needed in the solution process. This paper presents fraction-free algorithms for the solution of integer systems. This does involve divisions, but only divisions where the result is known to be an exact integer. The other principal contribution of this paper is the presentation of an RNS division algorithm for exact integer division which does not require any conversion to standard binary form. It uses entirely modular arithmetic, perhaps including a step equivalent to RNS base extension.


The dipole moments and molar refractions are reported for p-nitrostyrene ( 4.24 D, 44.3 ml.), trans-betanitrostyrene ( 4.50 D, 45.7 ml.), the p-methoxy ( 5.45 D, 56.3 ml.), p-methyl ( 4.97 D, 52.0 ml.), p-fluoro ( 3-12 D, 45.5ml), p-chloro ( 2.90 D, 51.8 ml.), p-bromo (3.02 D, 54.4 ml.), p-iodo ( 3.26 D, 58.0 ml.), p-nitro ( 0.83 D, 52.0 ml.), and p-cyano 0.96 D, 47.9 ml.) derivatives of trans-beta-nitrostyrene. It is suggested that the large dipole moments obtained for the p-nitro and p-cyano-beta-nitrostyrenes may be due to unusually large atomic polarizations which would not be taken into consideration by the present method of measurement and calculation. A previous paper from this laboratory ( 1) and other papers ( 2, 3, 4) have been concerned with the dipole moments and molar refractions of substituted styrenes. These properties have been of considerable importance in elucidating the geometrical and electronic structures of such compounds ( 1, 3, 4). Several investigators in this laboratory have been interested in preparing pure cis-beta-nitrostyrenes for some time, however their efforts have met with only limited success. Although the dipole moments and spectral studies indicate that cis compounds have indeed been obtoained, it appears that they are contaminated with significant amounts of the trans isomers. Attempts to purify the cis isomers are currently in progress. Another area under investigation has been the observation of the effect of substitution of alkyl groups for hydrogen on the beta position by a comparison of the properties of beta-alkylbeta-nitrostyrenes with the simple beta-nitrostyrenes. While this endeavor is also well under way, it is not finished. However, the recent activity in this area and interest in this type of compound prompts the reporting of the dipole moments and molar refractions of eight trans-p-substituted-beta-nitrostyrenes, trans-beta-nitrostyrene and p-nitrostyrene. This informa1 (a) R. J. Buenker was an N.S.F. Undergraduate Participant during the summers of 1961 and 1962, lhe 1961-62 academic year and the first semester of the 1962-63 academic year; (b) J. P. Plamondon was an N.S.F. Undergraduate Research Part:c]::rnnt during the summers of 1961 and 1962 and the first semester of the 1962-63 academic ~'ear; ( c) Dennis Koopn1an wa-; an N.S.F. Undergraduate Research Participant during the swnmer of 1961 and the 1961-62 academic year. 2 Deparhnent of Chemistry, Loras College; Dubuque, Iowa. tion has been reported for some of these compounds and the published measurements have been compared to the current data.


Efficiently transmitting the extra information of three dimensional (3D) video is becoming a key issue of the development of 3DTV. 2D plus depth format not only occupies the smaller bandwidth and is compatible transmission under the condition of the existing channel, but also can provide technique support for advanced 3D video compression in some extend. This paper proposes an ROI-preserving compression scheme to further improve the visual quality at a limited bit rate. According to the connection between the focus of Human Visual System (HVS) and depth information, region of interest (ROI) can be automatically selected via depth map progressing. The main improvement from common method is that a meanshift based segmentation is executed to the depth map before foreground ROI selection to keep the integrity of scene. Besides, the sensitive areas along the edges are also protected. The Spatio-temporal filtering adapting to H.264 is used to the non-ROI of both 2D video and depth map before compression. Experiments indicate that, the ROI extracted by this method is more undamaged and according with subjective feeling, and the proposed method can keep the key high-frequency information more effectively while the bit rate is reduced.


It is important to remember that the state of the humanities cannot be described as a monolith. These days some disciplines are experiencing boom times, while others are not. Statistical evidence, for example, suggests that the study of history is in decline in American colleges and universities, whereas the study of foreign languages is experiencing a tremendous _ upsurge, with Latin particularly in demand. Meanwhile, despite ambivalent statistical evidence, enormous changes are taking place in the accepted view of what should be taught under the banner of English. In the last ten or fifteen years, English departments have begun to teach not only English and American literature but also foreign literatures in translation, film, popular culture, folk culture, literary theory without the literature itself, creative writing, and expository writing.


This paper considers the legitimacy, scope and purposes of redistribution in Czech society. The authors use data from international surveys from the mid-nineties onward, as well as several national Czech surveys. The authors claim that Czech society does not favor extensive redistribution in principle. Nevertheless, redistribution expectations are stronger than in other European countries. This may be the result of the social consequences of economic transition. While improving benefits for marginalized groups are met with little public support, general benefits, according to public opinion, should be increased. Measures to improve human capital and flexibility in the labor market are supported by the majority opinion as well. The Czech population also prefers to combine collective (social) protection with private supplementary insurance.