Due to there are complex application environmental conditions and interference factors for the robot arm,the space division is complex for the accuracy test algorithm of existing mechanical arm grab trajectory.For solving this problem,the authors supposed that six-freedomdegree mechanical arm is a constant,defined relative symbols,established connecting rod coordinate for mechanical arm,effectively used the trajectory of the scraping process,and calculated each trajectory endpoint.The angle area of the robot arm was calculated,the movement distance from the coordinate origin to the target was obtained,and tracking accuracy test wad realized.Experimental results show that the algorithm could obtain better mechanical arm trajectory parameters,trajectory accuracy was verified by testing the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm.


Although second language (L2) research has explored connections between sociopsychological variables and L2 socialization processes, relatively few investigations have compared heritage language (HL) learners to traditional foreign language (FL) learners in the North American context. This descriptive study compares the learning and acculturation patterns of 26 first- and second-generation Greek American learners of Modern Greek and 16 non-Greek American learners. Oral performance measures and ethnographic interviews involving 10 participants reveal that FL participants attributed their L2 proficiency to sophisticated metalinguistic knowledge and social strategies. In contrast, Greek American participants cited prior language instruction, the use of Greek as a home language, and—significantly—their ethnicity, as the most meaningful contributors to their linguistic success. Analyses highlight striking distinctions between the cognitive strategies, affiliation patterns, and identity construction patterns of FL and HL learners, suggesting implications for providing instruction that is appropriate for both FL instruction and HL maintenance.


Olefins were synthesized with Wittig reaction and condensation reaction with the aid of microwave.Reaction time was shortened and the yields were increased.280W and 150W were the best output potency for the Wittig reaction and the condensation reaction respectively.CH2Cl2 was the optional solvent to the Wittig reaction.


The EU's REACH regulation covers the chemical products,trading and application safety,which is considered as the most complicated regulation on chemical management until now.The REACH caused worldwide concern deeply,and is regarded as the most complicated technical trading barrels ever since China's entrance to WTO.The main content of the EU REACH regulation was introduced in the paper,including registration,evaluation,authorization and restriction.Facing the increasing cost,the practical strategy and suggests are proposed.


At the time of the study the number of clients using the various ATC clinics in northern Thailand ranged from five to 50 with the average being 17. At each study hospital the RSA team asked between five and ten clients receiving HAART if they would be willing to participate in the study. They were informed that their responses would be kept confidential and that their decision to participate or not in the study would have no consequences on their access to services provided by the ATC project. In total 100 clients receiving HAART agreed to participate in the study. A third of these agreed to allow the researchers to contact a relative to be interviewed for the study. The researchers hoped to interview 45 former clients who had stopped taking HAART yet only 20 agreed to participate in the study. It was difficult to enroll more than this because the hospitals had lost contact with some of the clients who had dropped out of the program while others had died or were too sick to be interviewed. All the clients and relatives who were interviewed for this study signed a written consent form indicating their willingness to participate in the study. (excerpt)


The external small signal amplification ability of the Bragg acoustooptical bistable system has been studied in this paper.The small signal amplification in modulation effect as reference([9]) predicted has not been observed in the stability region in our experiment.


This paper proposes a bi-group artificial bee colony(ABC) based on chaotic optimization(BGABC) to improve global search ability of ABC algorithm and accelerate convergence of the algorithm.In this algorithm,all individuals are randomly divided into two populations.Selection methods of the two populations are different.An interchanging information strategy is introduced to accelerate the convergence.The ergodic property is used to escape from local optimum.Experiment results show that the convergence and accuracy of BGABC algorithm is better than that of the basic ABC.


Objective To observe the TCM therapy for invigorating spleen,soothing liver,clearing away heat and eliminating dampness on the short-term quality of life(stQOL) in patients with diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D) in Guangdong.Methods One hundred and sixty-one patients with IBS-D were assigned to 2 groups:Chinese medicine group was treated with Yijiling-2;Western medicine group was treated with Trimebutine Maleate Tablets 0.1 g and Lived Combined B.Subtilis and E.Faecium Enteric-coated Capsules 0.5 g,3 times daily by oral administration.The therapeutic course was 4 weeks.The quality of life was evaluated by SF-36 scale before and after treatment.Results The scores of the 7 dimensions of SF-36 scale,i.e.role physical(RP),body pain(BP),global health(GH),vitality(VT),society function(SF),emotional effect(RE) and mental health(MH) were improved significantly in Chinese medicine group after treatment(P0.01,P0.05),with scores of RE,BP,GH and SF superior to those in western medicine group(P0.01,P0.05).The scores of the 6 dimensions(RP,GH,RE,BP,SF,MH) were improved significantly in Chinese medicine group after treatment in three monthes(P0.01,P0.05),with scores of RP,GH,SF and RE superior to those in western medicine group(P0.05).Conclusion TCM therapy for invigorating spleen,soothing liver,clearing away heat and eliminating dampness has favorable effect in treating IBS-D in Guangdong,and could improve the stQOL of patients.


This dissertation addresses the problem of how to bring the bene ts of formal analysis to the changing world of multi-notation requirements speci cations. We show that direct use of the formal operational semantics for notations in higher-order logic produces an extensible, systematic and rigorous approach to solving this problem. Our approach achieves the desired qualities without requiring theorem proving infrastructure. We concentrate on model-oriented notations that use uninterpreted constants to lter non-essential details. A key contribution is the de-coupling of notation from analysis technique. We use type checking to regulate combinations of notations. Speci cations are represented using embeddings that package the meaning of the notation with its syntax. We demonstrate our approach using combinations of the following three notations: statecharts, decision tables, and higher-order logic. We introduce a new automatic technique called symbolic functional evaluation (SFE) to evaluate semantic functions outside of a theorem proving environment. SFE produces the meaning of a speci cation. Direct use of the semantics ensures that the same meaning for a speci cation is used by all types of analysis. SFE extends the technique of lazy evaluation to handle uninterpreted constants. We focus on the binary decision diagram (BDD)-based analysis techniques of completeness and consistency checking of tables, simulation, and symbolic model checking. To bridge the gap between higher-order logic and automated analysis techniques, we create ii a toolkit of common techniques, such as Boolean abstraction. We show that information contained in the structure of a speci cation can be used to supplement BDD-based analysis approaches by producing a more precise abstraction of the speci cation. The partition of a numeric value speci ed by entries in a row of a table provides information on how to encode numeric values in a BDD. Our approach is demonstrated by the speci cation and analysis of two large realworld systems: a separation minima for aircraft and the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN). In the separation minima example, analysis discovered inconsistencies previously unknown to domain experts. In the ATN example, several errors in the formalisation process were exposed. In both cases, we achieved the bene ts of multiple notations for speci cation without sacri cing automation in analysis. iii


Due to the influence of load fluctuation, the power supply stability of distribution network is insufficient. Therefore, the open capacity model of medium voltage lines in the distribution network is constructed by using load data. Based on the introduction of time parameter, the load pressure of the distribution network is calculated by using the peak load of distribution network. According to the relationship between the pressure value of sustainable load of the distribution network and the pressure value under the actual power load, the open capacity model of medium voltage lines is constructed. The test results show that when the design model is used to set the open capacity of medium voltage lines, the fluctuation of the expected outage time and frequency of the distribution network system is small, which indicates that the stable power supply can be realized


A novel metamaterial structure has been proposed for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) applications. A patch antenna with dimension of 18 mm × 13.9 mm and resonating at 5 GHz has been designed and the effect of Double Negative (DNG) metamaterial loading for the patch size reduction as well as a lowering in resonance frequency for the fixed size patch antenna has been proposed. A size reduction of 72.5% in the patch antenna has been obtained with the loading of this metamaterial structure and the effect of loading the metamaterial shows that without reducing the size, the patch antenna can work at 3.7 GHz resonance, providing a lowering in resonance frequency by 26%. The metamaterial structure consists of two concentric loops with an outer radius of 3.1 mm. The width of the ring is 1.0 mm and the split is 0.5 mm and has been designed over a 1.57 mm thick Fr4 substrate. The bending effect of the patch antenna with and without metamaterial loading and its comparison with the planar patch antenna has been also shown here. The metamaterial structure has shown its resonance at 5 GHz and its permittivity and permeability behavior over the desired frequency range has been plotted. The simulation of traditional patch antenna and patch antenna over metamaterial has been compared for its return loss, VSWR, gain and efficiency. Finally, a spice circuit for the S parameter of the metamaterial, patch antenna and patch antenna loaded with metamaterial has been obtained using Matlab and ADS for its equivalence to 3D field solver and its comparison has been plotted for its verification.


Background  Behçet disease (BD) is a multisystemic disorder that is classified as vasculitis and can affect all types and sizes of blood vessels. Although vascular diseases are not regarded as essential for a diagnosis of BD, vascular complications can be fatal.


As a type of advanced autonomous vehicle software, platooning system-of-systems (SoS) has received tremendous attention as a next-generation system. Platooning SoS can attain several benefits, such as increasing fuel efficiency and alleviating traffic congestion by grouping autonomous vehicles in close prox-imity. Many studies have focused on analyzing the reliability of platooning SoS, as it is a safety-critical system. However, existing studies have two major limitations in their reliability analysis: (1) the studies did not fully cover the internal uncertainties of platooning SoS, such as heterogeneity; (2) they restricted external uncertainties by limiting the test scenarios to a single platoon, which could adversely affect the confidence of the analysis results. In addition, there exists no common fault dataset for the analysis of platooning SoS. Therefore, we provide an open dataset for platooning SoS by considering internal and external uncertainty factors during simulations. We empirically analyzed the execution logs of random platooning SoS scenarios in terms of reliability. We found 16 types of failure scenarios and root causes of the failures, as a result of the empirical study. Further, we generated the benchmark dataset, PLTBench, by classifying all failed logs based on the detected failure cases. We provide all the artifacts and descriptions in our benchmark web page as well as example codes to utilize the PLTBench. The conclusions of this study can enrich the general failure scenarios and experimental data set of platooning SoS for future studies.


Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of transbronchial tubule aspiration in lung cancer and tu berculosis.Methods Pathology,cytology and bacteriology examination data of patients with lung cancer or tuberculosis among 2079 patients diagnosed by bronchoscopy in the First People's Hospital of Kunming City from January 2001 to July 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.Results In diagnosis of lung cancer,the positive rate of transbronchial tubule aspiration was higher than irrigation method(χ2=13.167,P = 0.000),forceps biopsy method(χ2=5.090,P = 0.021) and postoperative sputum examination(χ2=12.713,P = 0.000),but there were no difference between transbronchial tubule aspiration and brush inspection method(χ2=2.335,P = 0.131).In diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis,the positive rate of transbronchial tubule aspiration was higher than irrigation method(χ2=123.683,P = 0.000),forceps biopsy method(χ2=10.017,P = 0.002),brush inspection method(χ2=49.682,P = 0.000) and postoperative sputum examination(χ2= 91.642,P = 0.000).Conclusion Transbronchial tubule aspiration can improve the diagnosis positive rate of lung can cer and tuberculosis,and can make up the insufficient of protractor biopsy and brush located in subsegmental pul monary,special-site and blind zone of conventional bronchoscopy.


The objective here is to assess the atmospheric evaluations with respect to the perilous hailstorm phenomenon in Tehran. To accomplish this study, the available data regarding 9 (WW) present weather codes that reveal the hailstorm phenomenon with different intensities in 3 hrs observations for 6 meteorological stations of Tehran and vicinity for the period between 1985-2015 are applied. It is revealed that hail occurrence in Tehran is at its maximum in transition seasons of spring and fall between the hrs. 6 - 18 (UTC). It is found that the instability indexes intensify in the afternoon with a higher atmospheric flotation indicative of the possibility in occurrence of thunder hailstorm. Synoptic assessments point to the fact that the synoptic pattern created this thunder storm due to expansion of two: low-pressure cores over Arabia and North-Europe and the cold high-pressure over South Russia with a NS orientation have developed an intense pressure gradient over Tehran province. The study area being located at the left exit of sub-tropical jet stream has made a Baroclinic atmosphere condition on Tehran province. Access to great humidity resources of Mediterranean and Black seas and a drastic decrease of temperature at the upper level of the cloud verifies the hail occurrence on March 30th of 2015 in Tehran.


Teaching can be challenging task especially when the students are categorized as reluctant readers, low self-motivated and lack of critical thinking skills. Therefore, this study focuses on a successful problem-based learning approach on university course called 'Literature for Language Purposes' taken by Bachelor of English with Communication students at a local Malaysian university. The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of carrying out problem-based learning in teaching literature. The project involved 55 undergraduates and part of their major course assignments was to organize and participate in an annual English language drama competition. The data was collected through students' reflective journals, researchers' reflective journals, response from end of semester questionnaire given and, lecturers' evaluation on FILA tables. The findings show that problem-based learning is suitable and beneficial in teaching and enhancing critical thinking skills.


Industry in today's society is becoming more and more aware of the importance of having a good environmental work. As part of this work is usually a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) performed on a company's products. SCA (Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget) has used LCA for environmental evaluation of their hygiene products since the early nineties. Performing LCA's supports SCA in identifying the areas of a product's life cycle that could potentially be improved. There are several different Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methods; currently SCA uses the impact categories of CML2002 methodology. The company has an interest of evaluating a LCIA method that provides a weighted value. Therefore is the Environmental Priority Strategies (EPS) method described in this master thesis report. Further were the EPS method implemented in a software program and used to perform results on SCA products. The result, by using the EPS method and the impact categories from the CML2000 methodology, were presented and discussed. The conclusions from the result were that the EPS method should be used communicating the one weighted value presented in Environmental Load Unit (ELU). The benefits with using the CML2000 impact categories used at SCA today, is that it is a known concept, which makes it easier to communicate since more people know how they are interpreted. This is one of the largest differences by using the EPS method and CML2000
impact categories. Therefore, I recommend both approaches as they present the results in different way. Thus, one cannot get the same kind of information from the impact categories that SCA currently use and the EPSmethod since EPS measures further out in the cause-effect chain. With EPS, all the results from the impact categories are weighted to one single score. This value is quite easy to communicate and can be used in an early product development process, for example quickly see how different materials effect the outcome. It is also very convenient to have a method that presents one weighted value, which can be used to see if the product has improved or deteriorated its environmental performance or compared with another product.

Keywords: Environmental Priority Strategies (EPS), Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), SCA


Funding information This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program (grant number 2018YFC1506904) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 41675099 and 41705089) Abstract On September 15, 2018, when Typhoon Mangkhut entered the northeastern South China Sea, nine dropsondes were released in the storm's northwest quadrant at 1000 UTC and five more were released in the northeast quadrant at 1200 UTC. The resulting data were used to analyse wind speed profiles that revealed a peak wind speed at 750 hPa in the northwest quadrant and at 900 hPa in the northeast quadrant. Two experiments were then run for 54 hr using the Globe/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System model, one assimilating the dropsonde data (DROP) and one without (CTRL), to investigate the impact of these data on typhoon forecasting. After the assimilation of dropsonde data at 1200 UTC, the analysis field showed the typhoon's circulation weakening at lower levels and strengthening at middle levels, and an intensification of the asymmetry of the typhoon's horizontal kinematic structure between its eastern and western parts. In addition, water vapour over the northwestern side increased from lower to middle levels, and the warm-core structure was further strengthened. The dropsonde data assimilation resulted in improved quantitative precipitation forecasts during landfall: the averaged track error in the DROP was > 10% lower than in the CTRL and the maximum surface wind speeds and minimum sea level pressures were all closer to those observed before landfall. The findings from the study are preliminary and, therefore, more cases over the South China Sea are needed to obtain statistical significance.


A Rosenberg by Any Other Name: A History of Jewish NameChanging in America. By KIRSTEN FERMAGLICH. New York: NewYork University Press. 2018. Pp. v þ 245. $28.00. ISBN: 978-1-4798-6720-2.


Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) isolate, CM1841 was derived from a chlorotic local lesion of Brassica campestris after inoculation with a California isolate of CaMV10). Lung and Pirone11) reported the CM1841 isolate as aphid nontransmissible (AT-). This result was confirmed in some papers thereafter3,12,15). Complete nucleotide sequence of the CM1841 isolate was determined7), and its viral DNA was cloned at own SaiI site to pBR32210). Nucleotide sequence data revealed that the CM1841 isolate retained an intact ORF II which was the gene for aphid transmission factor (ATF) of CaMV1,2). The product of ORF II, a protein with molecular weight of 18,000 dalton (p18) was synthesized in leaves infected with the CM1841 isolate but its concentration was lower than that in leaves infected with aphid transmissible (AT) CaMV9). It was suggested that a single amino acid change in ORF II (Gly to Arg at position 94) was responsible for the lack of aphid transmissibility and the decrease of p18 accumulation in infected leaves with the CM1841 isolate12,15). On the other hand, Blanc et al.3) showed that p18 of the CM1841 isolate, produced in a baculovirus system, possessed the ATF activity to a similar level of that of AT+ CaMV isolate when it was fed to aphids through a membrane. These results contrary to former observations were explained by the hypothesis that the lack of aphid transmissibility of the CM1841 isolate is due to the low accumulation level of p18 in infected leaves3). However, it has not been known whether p18 of the CM1841 isolate facilitates the aphid transmission of the isolate in infected plants. We previously showed that the low accumulation level of p18 in CM1841-infected leaves was due to its instability and that the accumulation level of p18 in CM1841-infected leaves was comparable to that in leaves infected with AT+ recombinant CaMV at the early stage in symptom development13). Now, we report that CM1841 isolate is transmitted by aphids from infected plants at early stage in symptom development when large numbers of aphids were used in a test. Plasmid, pCa122 containing 1.2mer (redundant end) copy of CM1841 DNA14), was mechanically inoculated to turnip plants at a concentration of 0.2ƒÊg/ƒÊl. Symptom development was observed on inoculated plants at about 20 days post inoculation. Aphid transmission test was performed using a leaf with vein clearning at 3 to 5 days post symptom emergence (p.e.) or a young stunted leaf at 3 to 5 days post leaf emergence. Aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulz) were maintained on healthy turnip plants (B. campestris cv. Marubakomatsuna) in cages. Following starvation period (3 to 4hr), normal numbers (10 to 20) or large number (200 to 300) of aphids were placed on infected leaves and allowed to feed for 15 min, and then, were transferred to a leaf of healthy test plants (third or fourth leaf stage). After being caged on test plants for overnight, the aphids were killed by spraying chemicals. Then test plants were transferred to a glasshouse at approximately 25•Ž. Symptom development was monitored up to 4 weeks


This research was purposed to see the influence of cooperative learning model type think pair share in improving self efficacy of students on mathematics subjects This type of research was a quas experiment with the design of The One Group Pre Test-Post Test Design Participants in this research amounted to 25 students of grade VIIIC junior high school 1 Ajangale event obtained by using simple random sampling technique The data from this research was obtained by using self efficacy scale containing 16 items of question The data obtained from participants' answer were analyzed by One Way Anova using SPSS 2200 The results of this study reveal that the pretest score was obtained M = 48,08, SD = 8,046, while posttest score was obtained M = 60,76, SD = 5,600 The result of hypothesis testing on self efficacy scale on pretest and posttest obtained F = 41,827 with significance value p = 0,000 (p< 0,05) So, it can be said that cooperative learning model has a positive effect in improving self efficacy students on mathematics subjects.


The genus Danthonia is variable and this is particularly true of the South African species (de Wet, 1954a and 1956). On the basis of anatomical and morphological evidence Nevski (1934)t removed D. glauca Nees and D. forska/ii (Vahl.) R. Br. from Danthonia to form the basis of a new genus, Asthenatherum. It was suggested by Hubbard (1937) that some other South African species may be equally worthy of generic rank. A new genus Alloeochaete w'as described by Hubbard (1940) to include D. andongensis Rendle. The South African species were studied in detail in order to determine whether any other species should be removed from Danthonia.


We experimentally demonstrate an ultracompact optically-controlled tunable microwave photonic filter based on a nonlinear silicon microring resonator. By adjusting the pump light power, the central frequency of the filter can be tuned from 5.27 to 12.47 GHz. Experimental results to prove the concept are provided.


Agile integration is a practice used to stabilize the process in software development by reducing the number of cycles and encourages simplicity in code releases. The Enneagram approach is a methodology which can help distributed teams improve and establish faster Agile integration. It helps to create a personal profile containing habitual patterns and behavioral relations.


The globalization has touched many aspects of human life and varied fields of human activity.The globalization is a process in which peoples of different countries get to know each other to attain agreed opinions while clearing away the impediments,barriers and obstacles.The social development can not stay away from globalization in terms of historical development or theoretical view.Globalization is an irresistable and irreversible historical trend.


A linked set of Monte Carlo applications has been developed in order to investigate the sputtering, deposition, and ionization processes in a circular direct current unbalanced magnetron discharge. Particles respond to prescribed electric and magnetic fields, the former taken from experimental measurements, and self-consistent plasma behavior resulting in changes in the fields is not accounted for. The motion of energetic electrons emitted from the target surface by ion impacts is followed in the gas phase in order to characterize ionization and excitation collisions and elastic scattering with argon filling gas. The inhomogeneous erosion track profile is computed and compared with experimental measurements. The transport of titanium sputtered neutrals between the target and substrate surfaces is then analyzed using both a rigid sphere collision model and an interatomic potential model to describe collisions between sputtered neutrals and background gas atoms. The radial emission distribution of sputtered atoms is taken from the electron transport model. The mean arrival energy and the angular distribution of titanium neutrals impinging on the substrate surface, and the metal density profile between target and substrate are calculated. Finally, the electron impact ionization of titanium neutrals in a plasma formed by a mixture of titanium (10% of argon density) and argon atoms is simulated, motivated by the promising possibility of controlling the deposition process by influencing the direction of the ion flux.


Questions concerning the optical identification of X-ray sources are considered. There are now a total of eight optically identified galactic X-ray sources. Of these eight, five are definitely established as binaries. The nature of the other three sources remains unknown. Studies of U Geminorum conducted on the basis of optical and X-ray observations are also discussed. From the upper limit to the accretion rate for U Gem obtained with the aid of soft X-ray data, it is seen that most of the mass flow in U Gem is lost from the system.


MeerKAT, the 64-dish radio telescope built in the arid Karoo region of South Africa, uses Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) high-speed Ethernet networking equipment to distribute the high volume digitized and processed signal information between computing resources. On MeerKAT, the received analog signals (Horizontal and Vertical polarizations) are digitized at each dish and sent directly to the FX-Correlators data center network in the central processing facility via an extensive underground fiber network. This single data network is also used for data exchange between the correlator components, imager, archive and other instrumentation. MeerKAT welcomes external participation and contribution, and not all instrumentation reflects in-house development. For example, user-supplied equipment is used for pulsar timing, transient searches and even for the search for extraterrestrial life. Here, we describe the data-transfer characteristics of the equipment connected to the network, the network architecture, and the critical role of multicasting in the data distribution. We demonstrate how the flexible nature of the network allows for concurrent processing of the same data streams by different instrumentation and also for multiple, independent observations (subarrays). We conclude with preliminary research into the use of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) for this data network.


The Arthur Crawford Scandal explores how nineteenth century Bombay tried a British official for corruption. The presidency government persuaded Indians, government officials, to testify against the very person who controlled their career by offering immunity from legal action and career punishment. A criminal conviction of Crawford's henchman established the modus operandi of a bribery network. Subsequent efforts to intimidate Indian witnesses led to litigation at the high court level, resulting in a political pressure campaign in London based on biased press reports from India. These reports evoked questions in the House of Commons; questions became demands that Indians witnesses against Crawford be fired from government service. The secretary of state for India and the Bombay government negotiated about the fate of the Indian witnesses. At first, the secretary of state accepted the Bombay government's proposals. But the press campaign against the Indian witnesses eventually led him to order the Government of India, in consultation with the Government of Bombay, to pass a law ordering those officials who paid Crawford willingly, to be fired. Those whom the Bombay government determined to be extorted were not to be fired. Both groups retained immunity from further actions at law. Thus, Bombay won a victory that almost saved its original guarantee of immunity: those who were fired were to receive their salary (along with periodic step increases) until they reached retirement age, at which time they would receive a pension. However, this 'solution' did little to overcome the stigma and suffering of the fired officials.


The reactions about the catalytic mechanism of alkali metal on NO reduction by char were investigated by quantum chemistry.The geometry optimizations of reactants,transition states,intermediates and products of the reactions were made by using density functional theory(DFT),UB3LYP,at 6-31G(d) basis function level,then the microcosmic reaction pathways were investigated.Based on the analysis of reaction pathways,molecule energies were calculated by a high-level ab initio method,QCISD(T)/6-311G(d,p),and corrected with zero point energy.The activation energies were worked out,and the reaction rate constants were calculated from transition state theory(TST).Comparisons of the activation energies and the reaction rate constants show that the presence of alkali metal largely lowers the activation energies and quickens the reaction rate,adequately achieving the catalytic effect of NO reduction by char.With the increase of alkali metal reactivity,the reaction activation energy of alkali metal and NO decreases and the catalytic effect of NO reduction by char is strengthened.


Clara Schumann is an outstanding representative of female musicians in Western music history.From the Sexism point of view,the essay revived her to the social background she lived in,analysis the disadvantages when she grew up as a female musician from two layers: social identification and historical contribution,which made her success seem more difficult than any male musicians.Despite her outstanding artistic achievement,in a Patriarchal Society,her contribution was left faded from the memory of history.


The Bogoyavlenski?-Novikov principle concerning the connection between stationary and nonstationary problems is generalized. It is proved that an arbitrary evolution system is Hamiltonian on the set of stationary points of its local integral. Bibliography: 16 titles.


A new simple strut-and-tie model was presented in this paper to study the behaviour of reinforced concrete deep beams. This model was obtained based on bottle-shaped struts that can predict flexural, bearing and shear modes of the failure. Also, the effect of web reinforcements was considered. The proposed model was verified by laboratory test results that obtained from five deep beams with a shear span-to-depth ratio of two and some other experimental results existing in the literature. Comparison of the results of the proposed model with relations from ACI 318 and AASHTO-LRFD codes and some other relations showed that the proposed model is efficiently capable of accurately predicting the ultimate load of simply supported deep beams. Also, comparison of experimental results demonstrated that the flexural capacity of deep beams obtained from the strut-and-tie model is conservative.


Finding relevant information on the web is an ongoing problem. Commercial search engines like Google rely on sophisticated algorithms to index huge collection of web pages to make them accessible to user queries. Users, however, are still frequently overloaded with irrelevant results. The required information is available in replicated manner scattered in various disjoint databases. For effective web information retrieval, user need to consult several commercial search engines working on different architecture and principles. Rank aggregation and Result merging is the key component of a crawling mechanism used by the commercial search engines. Once the results from various search engines are collected, they need to be merged into a single unified ranked list. The effectiveness of any crawling mechanism is closely related to the rank aggregation and result merging algorithm it employs. In this paper, we investigate a variety of rank aggregation and result merging algorithms based on a wide range of available information. The effectiveness of these algorithms is then compared experimentally to our proposed crawling framework based on queries from the TREC Web track and 3 most popular general-purpose search engines. Our experiments yield two important results. First, simple result merging strategies can outperform Google, Yahoo and MSN Live. Second, Proposed Content Based Result Aggregation (CBRA) algorithm outperforms other existing content based merging algorithms based on full document content.


Members of the latest generation of law firm associates state that their primary professional goal is attaining a work-family balance. Firms have responded to these demands by implementing superficial family-friendly policies such as paternity leave and part-time schedules, which male lawyers have failed to utilize. The article analyzes the structural and cultural barriers within the legal workplace that keep men from adopting part-time schedules. The male lawyer's double-bind is outlined, as are the gender effects suffered by women, who, in light of the male absence on the part-time front, have become the sole users of the firms' flexible work policies. Finally, the article makes an economic case for modified work schedules and describes how a model law firm could function. Elite firms must address all of these factors--workplace structure, firm culture, and recruitment/retention economics--if they are to move beyond gendered paradigms and genuinely support men in their roles as lawyers and fathers.


In recent years, the military has made a concerted effort to use COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) computing solutions instead of customized approaches. The general rationale for this is to reduce costs, shorten the interval of time-to-design to time-to-deployment, and increase standardization. However, observation of the application of these principles during the DSSG site visits, coupled with background research in the area, suggests that some underlying problems with use of COTS products may actually result in increased cost and decreased reliability — neither of which should be goals of military procurement. This essay describes, in an informal manner, why excessive emphasis on the procurement and use of COTS computing solutions should be reconsidered and reevaluated. The references starting on page 11 can be consulted for additional background information, including some of the specific citations presented in this paper.


UBVRI photometry is given for a sample of 25 late-type H..cap alpha..-emission stars in the young cluster NGC 2264. The stars are in the magnitude range 12< or =V<16. Some but not all appear to be T Tauri stars. The color--color diagrams support the view that the deviations from normal photospheric colors (due to ''spectral veiling'' and line emission) decrease with increasing wavelength between the U and I filters. In the (V, V-R) diagram, the H..cap alpha..-emission stars lie in a well-defined pre-main-sequence band. Within this sample, there is a trend toward stronger line emission and spectral veiling with later spectral type. All of the likely legitimate T Tauri stars have inferred spectral types later than about K3. The question of cluster membership for stars in the cluster field with very small proper motions is considered.


Routers forward IP packets based on the destination address lookup guided by the longest prefix matching algorithm. Destination address of each IP packet is compared against all the prefixes in routing table and the packet is forwarded to a next hop port (NHP) associated with the longest of all matched prefixes. A wide scale effort is on to provide fast address lookup schemes for routing packets at wire speeds. The set of prefixes in a routing table is obtained by aggregation of all routes gathered by backbone router guided by the border gateway protocol (BGP). An announcement of a false route by an autonomous system (AS) results in an undesired prefix, or an unwarranted NHP for a prefix in the routing table. Such announcement of a false route can occur due to an operational fault or an external malicious (intentional) attack. Packets forwarded based on such false routing information will either be dropped, or forwarded to a node predetermined by the external attacker, or can be made to constantly circulate between a set of nodes thus creating an explosion in traffic for the nodes. Our past work includes both hardware and software based efficient address lookup mechanisms. This paper introduces shadow route caching, a mechanism to detect and avoid forwarding packets to bogus routes. Our scheme enables the fast address lookup mechanisms to perform intelligent packet forwarding to provide a trusted Internet routing environment.


We report a new promising voltage-size performance record (0.6V-cm) of the organic EO modulator using transparent conducting oxides as the bridge electrodes. The comprehensive theoretical analysis predicts large electrical bandwidth (>40GHz) is achievable.


Abstract Current research suggests that student engagement with academic schoolwork in secondary school classrooms is often insufficient. This issue is of relevance because student engagement is a prerequisite for acquiring knowledge and skills and is also a mediator of achievement and important life outcomes. In response to this, the present study evaluates a pedagogical model for stimulating student engagement in learning activities in secondary school contexts through an action research approach. This model is composed of five facilitators of engagement that, when considered in both the design and implementation of learning activities, can potentially contribute to stimulating behavioural, emotional and cognitive engagement in such activities. Nineteen Year 9 students of Spanish from a state school in England, their teacher and the researcher participated in two long-term, learning activities designed using the proposed pedagogical model. Data were collected over two school terms through qualitative student self-reports, interviews with students and their teacher and the researcher's journal. Thematic analyses were used to examine the effects of the learning activities on student behavioural, emotional and cognitive engagement. The results seem to confirm that the application of the proposed pedagogical model could help promote thorough student engagement in learning activities. Findings also suggest that failing to support the model's facilitators of engagement may have detrimental effects on overall student engagement in learning activities. The study contributes to the improvement of student engagement with academic schoolwork internationally by proposing an assessed pedagogical solution that could be implemented by secondary school teachers with relative ease.


Rural bookhouses,as a long- term strategic program,will benefit billions of farmers and promote rural cultural construction. From the perspective of construction,it is a rural cultural construction engineering. From the perspective of development,it is a rural public cultural service. From the angle of construction complicacy,longitudinally it involves leadership and management from central government to local governments of all levels,and broadwise,it involves coorperation and coordination of different governmental departments. Therefore,to guarantee sustainable development of rural bookhouses,it is necessary to set up a hierarchical organization and leadership system with specific responsibilities stipulated,which agrees with national behaviors and cultural development laws. To meet requirements of rural library service system,the paper puts forward the idea of constructing and improving an organization and leadership system led by Party committee, dominated by governments and guided by industry.


The invention relates to a crossed triangular distribution metal circular ring array electromagnetic shielding light window with internally tangent sub circular rings, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic shielding. Two kinds of metal circular rings with different diameters are respectively and tightly connected and ranged and are distributed in a crossed way according to the equilateral triangle arrangement to form a two-dimensional metal mesh grid to be loaded on the surface of a transparent substrate of the light window, and the adjacent circular rings with the same diameters are communicated in an externally tangent way, wherein the sub circular rings communicated in the internally tangent way are arranged inside the circular rings with one diameter, and the circular rings and the sub circular rings communicated in the internally tangent way jointly form a basic unit of the two-dimensional metal mesh grid; at internally-tangent communicated connection parts of the circular rings, all circular rings are enabled to be mutually communicated for realizing electric conduction through line overlapping or through installation of metal capable of ensuring reliable electric connection between metal annular tangent points. Compared with the existing metal mesh grid structure, the metal mesh grid structure provided by the invention has the advantages that the nonuniformity of the mesh grid high-grade-order diffraction light intensity distribution can be obviously reduced, the distribution of stray light caused by diffraction is more uniform, and the influence on the imaging is less.


In no section of metabolic research has more intensive work been carried out than in that of carbohydrate' metabolism. The dramatic results obtained by the application 'of insulin to disturbed sugar metabolism need no comment at this stage. From the clinical point of view, one of the most outstanding results of insulin treatment is gain in strength, and this is true even when the patient is still not completely stabilized. From a condition of weakness, which may render the diabetic subject a pathetic figure, there gradually or sometimes rapidly is brought about an increase in muscular power which astonishes even the practised specialist in diabetes. There can be no doubt that insulin produces in some peculiar way a re-establishment of those processes in the muscles which lead to a normal capacity for work. This is undisputed, and yet the actual mechanism of this extraordinary result is entirely obscure. In a recent series of lectures Macleod' enters in some detail into the experimental work in this field, but, interesting as are the results of individual experiments, the problem is not very much nearer solution. The well-known researches of Dale and his collaborators, showing that inthe eviscerated, decapitated, and glucose-perfused cat the injection of insulin produces an amount of glucose oxidation and glycogen deposition in the muscles exactly accounting for the disappearance of glucose from the perfusing fluid, are strongly criticized by Macleod. Whilst Dale's results were of a precision that appealed to the physiologist as apparently demonstrating an almost mathematical accuracy in a biological experiment, the clinician continued to wonder what the relation was between a very depleted and abbreviated cat and a normal or diabetic subject. Macleod, however, has again marshalled very strong evidence against the hypotheses and assumptions made in these perfusion experiments. An outstanding source of error in the usual methods of calculation is the interpretation of the respiratory quotient. Cathcart solrne years ago insisted that the non-protein respiratory quotient is not a true oxidation quotient, and more recently Thunberg goes so far as to say that none of the oxygen used in general metabolism is found in the expired CO2, but that it is transformed to water. Investigation of the mechanism of insulin action in the intact animal is complicated by so great a number of accessory mechanisms that it seems almost impossible to expect any all-embracing conceptions to emerge. Macleod has reinvestigated and extended the piq4tre experiment of Claude Bernard,


By investigation and analysis,field experiment method,the dry soil conditions in sunflower oil absorption nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer characteristics and the absorption of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer to rule of stuy were studied.The results showed that the different thickness(0~20 cm)and(20~40 cm) soil on the absorption of nutrients,dynamic characteristics of the changes of the present in the test conditions.N 270 kg/hm2 absorption nitrogen when were 47.5 mg/kg and 35.7 mg/kg,under 24.8%,crop yield of 2 604.0kg/hm2,100.05 kg/hm2 P fertilization absorbing phosphorus were 28.4 mg/kg and 21.5 mg/kg,under 24.2%,crop yield of 3 199.5 kg/hm2.


While a majority of scholarship on the study of transnational advocacy networks (TANs) has focused on the role of value-and-belief-sharing as these networks link activists across nations together, less has been written concerning the role of knowledge exchange among environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs) in helping effect policy change. This article examines how transnational coalitions of ENGOs in North America have helped shape environmental policy across the Canada–U.S.–Mexico borders. In the paper, I explore two cases of nonstate actor mobilization: the North American Pollutant Release, and Transfer Registry Project and the Citizen Submission on Enforcement Matters. In this article, I bridge notions of "soft power" with scholarship on knowledge sharing, thereby showing that nonstate actors use it as a model to build stronger transnational coalitions, effecting pressure on industry and intergovernmental actors, and provide policy input in environmental decision making across borders.


Molecular dynamics simulations of Lennard-Jones binary mixtures were performed to obtain phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties for the liquid—vapour interface. The dispersion interactions were handled using the lattice sum method where the full interaction is obtained and there is no requirement for any long range correction to the properties. The application of the method using the Lorentz—Berthelot combining rule for unlike interactions is discussed. The coexisting densities, adsorption of molecules at the interface and surface tension are the main results of this work. Coexisting properties were compared with Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo results and with those of the grand canonical Monte Carlo method combined with the histogram reweighting technique, and good agreement was found. The lattice sum method results were compared with those of the spherically truncated and shifted potential to analyse the truncation effect. The adsorption of molecules at the interface and surface tension increase with interaction.


The new energy policy of Moon Jae-In's administration aims to swing radically from coal and nuclear towards renewables and LNG for power generation. During the last 12 months the priority given to the expansion of renewable energy has been overwhelming and the support for the expansion of gas not as strong as many observers had expected. This paper aims at examining the characteristics of this new energy policy and its implications for the gas industry, in particular the expansion of LNG imports.


Combine engineering ingenuity, the EU CO2 trading market, strategically located power plants and a burgeoning electricity market with the potential to close the fuel cycle ecologically - and the will to survive becomes a recipe to thrive.


Alcohols, aldehydes and ketones are aminated in the presence of a catalyst, comprising on an oxide-free basis, 1 to less than 20 mole percent cobalt, 75 to 95 mole percent copper, and 1 to 16 mole percent of a third component selected from iron, zinc, zirconium and mixtures thereof.


A high precise electronic compass scheme was proposed.The hardware circuit design was completed and the ideas of software were given.The digital signal processor(DSP) was selected as core processor and the magneto resistive sensor to sense the 3D components of geomagnetic field,and the micro inertial measurement unit was combined to compensate the attitude of vehicle and geomagnetic field disturbance for high precise azimuth measurement.Additionally,local LCD interface and ethernet interface were designed,which could be used not only as a personal navigation equipment but also as a data node of navigation system.


Refusals, like other speech acts, occur in all languages. According to Searle (1969), all linguistic communication involves the production of speech acts, such as offering apologies, asking questions, making promises, or refusing. The speech act of refusal has been looked at by many researchers. However, in the Malaysian context, the study of refusals has yet to be ventured, either focusing on manifestations in the speaker's mother tongue, or focusing on manifestations in English. This study aims to discover the preferred semantic formulas or strategies used by Malay university students in Malaysia to refuse a request in an academic context. For this study, 40 undergraduate and postgraduate students were asked to respond to different situations in which they were required to carry out the speech act of refusing a request. The data, collected by means of a Discourse Completion Test, were analyzed in terms of semantic formulas and were categorized according to the refusal taxonomy of Beebe et al. (1990). The findings show that participants differ in the ways they perform refusals. Regret or saying 'sorry', and giving excuses or explanations were the preferred formulas used in refusing requests. The choice of these semantic formulas suggests the influence of Malay culture in respondents' realizations of refusals in English.


The in vivo and in vitro toxic effects of the synthetic polymeric 3-alkylpyridinium salt (APS3), from the Mediterranean marine sponge Reniera sarai, were evaluated on mammals, with emphasis to determine its mode of action. The median lethal doses of APS3 were 7.25 and higher that 20 mg/kg in mouse and rat, respectively. Intravenous administration of 7.25 and 20 mg/kg APS3 to rat caused a significant fall followed by an increase in mean arterial blood pressure accompanied by tachycardia. In addition, cumulative doses of APS3 (up to 60 mg/kg) inhibited rat nerve-evoked skeletal muscle contraction in vivo, with a median inhibitory dose (ID50) of 37.25 mg/kg. When administrated locally by intramuscular injection to mouse, APS3 decreased the compound muscle action potential recorded in response to in vivo nerve stimulation, with an ID50 of 0.5 mg/kg. In vitro experiments confirmed the inhibitory effect of APS3 on mouse hemidiaphragm nerve-evoked muscle contraction with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 20.3 M, without affecting directly elicited muscle contraction. The compound inhibited also miniature


An effective way to extend to the multi-input case the variable structure control philosophy is based on a set of m+1 control vectors forming a simplex in R/sup m/ and on the corresponding switching of the controlled system from one to another of m+1 different structures. Yet, some problems arise when uncertainties are present in certain matrices characterizing the controlled systems. In this paper, conditions are identified under which, even in the presence of uncertainty, the convergence to the sliding manifold is ensured via the application of a multi-input control strategy still based on a simplex of control vectors.


Sequential estimation method is successfully applied to symbol synchronization for image-sensor visible light communication (VLC) with rolling shutter in order to achieve error-free performance at an arbitrary symbol rate of more than several kilobits per second (bps). In addition to symbol synchronization performance at an arbitrary symbol rate, degradation performance of the synchronization due to difference between the transmitted symbol rate and assumed one in the image-sensor receiver is studied to overcome inaccuracy of the line rate of the image sensor such as smartphone cameras. Simulation results show that symbol rates with a long cycle received pattern make symbol synchronization easier. Experiment results show that error-free performance is achieved with a long cycle pattern at 5287.9 symbols per second (sps). Furthermore, error-free performance is accomplished up to relative difference in symbol rate of more than 3000 ppm. Keywords—visible light communication; image sensor; rolling shutter; symbol synchronization; sequential estimation


UTC Fuel Cells, South Windsor, Connecticut 06074, USAA model is developed to examine quantitatively the effects of flooding on the operation of polymer-electrolyte fuel cells ~PEFCs!.Specifically, the change in the maximum power as a function of the structural properties of the diffusion media, including the bulkporosity, wettability, thickness, and pore-size distribution, is described. The porous-medium model developed includes analyticexpressions and a modeling methodology for handling both liquid and gas flow. The model is used in combination with ourprevious membrane model to simulate transport in typical gas diffusion layers and examine the effect of layer hydrophobicity onthe maximum power.© 2004 The Electrochemical Society. @DOI: 10.1149/1.1792891# All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted November 3, 2003; revised manuscript received March 24, 2004. Available electronically September 27,2004.


The invention relates to an amphiphilic benzylidene cyclopentanone dye, its synthetic method and application in two-photon photodynamic therapy. The invention provides a compound of formula (I), wherein, R1 represents a -(C2H4O)m-R5 group, R2, R3 and R4 are defined as in the description. The compound of formula (I) disclosed in the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, small molecular weight, defined chemical structures and amphipathy, and is easy to prepare, purify and further modify, meeting the basic requirements of clinical medication. In the presence of ultrafast laser with the waveband of 700-1000 nm, the amphiphilic benzylidene cyclopentanone dye has large two-photon absorption, can generate singlet oxygen, superoxide anion and other active oxygen species, and kill tumor cells, diseased cells, bacteria and other organisms, with good application prospect in two-photon photodynamic therapy.


The emergence of new digital data acquisition technologies in the earth sciences has important implications for the types and quality of data that are now available to researchers. However, along with these new datasets comes an increase in the volume and complexity of scientific data that must be efficiently managed, archived, distributed, processed and integrated in order for it to be of use to the scientific community. The rapid growth of LiDAR (Light Distance And Ranging, a.k.a. ALSM (Airborne Laser Swath Mapping)) for earth science applications are an excellent example of the opportunities and challenges presented by these types of datasets. LiDAR data is quickly becoming one of the most powerful tools in the earth sciences for studying the earth's surface and overlying vegetation. Capable of generating digital elevation models (DEMs) more than an order of magnitude more accurate than those currently available, LiDAR data offer scientists the opportunity to study natural processes at resolutions and extents not previously possible yet essential for their appropriate representation. Unfortunately, access to these datasets for the average earth science user is difficult because of the massive data volumes generated by LiDAR. The distribution and processing of large LiDAR datasets, which frequently exceed a billion data-points, challenge internet-based data distribution systems and readily available desktop software. 14 Digital elevation model (DEM) generation from LiDAR data is difficult for geoscience users who lack the computing and software resources necessary to handle these enormous and high-density datasets. We use a geoinformatics approach to the distribution and processing of LiDAR data that capitalizes on cyberinfrastructure being developed as part of the GEON project. Our approach utilizes a comprehensive workflow-based solution, the GEON LiDAR Workflow (GLW), which begins with user-defined selection of a subset of raw point data and ends with download and visualization of digital elevation models and derived products. In this workflow, the billions of points within a LiDAR dataset point cloud are hosted in a spatially indexed database. Data selection and processing is performed via an internet portal that allows users to execute spatial and attribute subset queries on the larger dataset. The subset of data is then passed to a web service built with Open Source software for interpolation to grid and analysis of the data. The interpolation and analysis portion of the workflow offers spline interpolation to grid with user-defined grid (DEM) resolution as well as control over the spline parameters. We also compute geomorphic metrics such as slope, curvature, and aspect as derived products from the DEM that the GLW generates. Users may choose to download their results in ESRI or ASCII grid formats as well as geo tiff. Ultimately, the GEON LiDAR Workflow could be adopted as a valuable infrastructure resource for democratizing access to current and future LiDAR point cloud datasets for the geoscience community. Furthermore, the interdisciplinary geoinformatics approach taken to develop the GEON LiDAR Workflow represents an 15 excellent model for the utilization of cyberinfrastructure and information technology to tackle the data access and processing challenges presented by the next generation of earth science data. INTRODUCTION Recent advances in digital data acquisition technologies in the earth sciences are having a profound impact on the types and quality of datasets that are available to researchers. Technologies such as real-time sensor networks, space and airborne-based remotely sensed data, real-time geodetic and seismologic data, massive geospatial databases and the outputs of large computational model runs are all enabling new and exciting research on the forefront of the earth sciences. However, with these technologies comes a prodigious increase in the volume and complexity of scientific data that must be efficiently managed, archived, distributed, processed and integrated in order for it to be of use to the scientific community. Unfortunately, data processing expertise or computing resource requirements may sometimes be a barrier to accessing these massive datasets for the broader scientific community. An emerging solution for enhancing access to these datasets is to develop a shared cyberinfrastructure that uses information technology to provide access to data, tools and computing resources. Owens and Keller (2003) describe cyberinfrastructure for the earth sciences as: ...the information technology infrastructure that is needed to (1) manage, preserve, and efficiently access the vast amounts of Earth science data that exist now and the vast data flows that will be coming online as projects 16 such as EarthScope get going; (2) foster integrated scientific studies that are required to address the increasingly complex scientific problems that face our scientific community; (3) accelerate the pace of scientific discovery and facilitate innovation; (4) create an environment in which data and software developed with public funds are preserved and made available in a timely fashion; and (5) provide easy access to high-end computational power, visualization, and open-source software to researchers and students. The emerging science discipline of Geoinformatics (e.g., Sinha, 2000) seeks to build a shared cyberinfrastructure for the geosciences though interdisciplinary collaboration between earth and computer scientists. The geoinformatics approach of harnessing the tools of information technology to facilitate earth science research provides a mechanism to equalize and simplify access to the next generation of earth science data. Aerial LiDAR (Light Distance And Ranging), also know as ALSM (Airborne Laser Swath Mapping), data have recently emerged as one of the most powerful tools available for documenting the earth's topography and its masking vegetation at very high-resolution. LiDAR derived digital elevation models (DEMs) are typically more than an order of magnitude more accurate than the best-available U.S. Geological Survey 10 meter DEMs. The ability to use these data to construct two-and-a-half and threedimensional models of the earth's topography and vegetation are rapidly making them an indispensable tool for earth science research (Carter et al., 2001). Unfortunately, due to 17 the massive volumes of data associated with this technology, accessing and processing these datasets can be challenging for even the most sophisticated LiDAR users. In this paper we present a geoinformatics approach to the internet-based distribution and processing of LiDAR data, with particular emphasis on research-grade, community datasets. This approach could be adopted as a model for the utilization of cyberinfrastructure and information technology to tackle the data access and processing challenges presented by the next generation of earth science data. The development of community oriented data portals as well as internet-based processing, mapping and visualization tools is applicable to many types of earth science data and is likely to revolutionize the utilization of large and complex datasets. This paper provides an introduction and overview of LiDAR technology and its applications, followed by a discussion of the computationally challenging aspects of these datasets. Next, we propose a conceptual, work-flow based approach to the internet-based distribution and processing of these data. Finally, we present a proof of concept implementation of the workflow and discuss future developments for this project. INTRODUCTION TO AERIAL LIDAR DATA: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Acquisition of aerial LiDAR data utilizes a pulsed laser ranging system operating at 10s of thousands of pulses per second mounted in an aircraft equipped with a kinematic Global Positioning System (GPS) to provide precise positioning information for the aircraft. An accurate inertial measurement unit (IMU) monitors the orientation 18 (roll, yaw and pitch) of the aircraft. By combining the laser ranging system, GPS, and IMU on an aircraft, it is possible to quickly and economically acquire hundreds of millions to billions of individual point measurements of the absolute x, y and z coordinates of the ground surface and vegetative cover in a survey area. LiDAR instruments typically sample the ground surface multiple times per square meter and provide an absolute vertical accuracy of 5-10 cm (Shrestha et al., 1999; Wehr and Lohr, 1999). These LiDAR measurements are commonly referred to as the 'point cloud' (x,y,z plus attributes) and typically consist of 100s of millions or billions of returns depending upon the size of the survey area and resolution of the data being acquired (Figure 2.1). Because most modern LiDAR instruments are capable of recording multiple returns from each outgoing laser pulse, it is possible to classify the individual laser returns by applying a filtering algorithm to differentiate ground returns from vegetation returns (e.g. Haugerud and Harding, 2001; Sithole and Vosselman, 2004) (Figure 2.2). This ability to segregate the point cloud data based upon the origin of the return significantly enhances the utility of these datasets to a wide variety of user communities. A generalized aerial LiDAR acquisition and processing workflow consists of the following four steps: 1) Data acquisition, 2) processing of laser ranging, GPS and IMU data to generate LiDAR point cloud, 3) point cloud classification and 4) generation, manipulation, and delivery of digital ground and vegetation models (Figure 2.3). Typically the first half of this workflow, data acquisition and point cloud generation (and sometimes the point cloud classification), is handled by the data provider and is not a significant concern to the researcher seeking LiDAR products for science applications. 19 The later portion of this workflow however should be of great in


T he figure of blind (or blindfold) Cupid is one with which art and literature have made us extremely familiar. However, contrary to what is sometimes thought, it is very rare in classical literature and unknown in classical art.' I here propose to consider the problem of how the concept of Blind Love2 originated in Greek literature and to trace some of its ramifications in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Number 82 of Kern's collection of the Orphic fragments runs:


The South-East Tibet area of China is rich in hydropower resources.To build a hydro-power base in this area and to develop the abundant renewable and clean energy resources is of great significance in improving the energy configuration,addressing the global climate change,protecting the environment,and realizing sustainable development.Due to particular complexity of the area in building the hydro-power base,major issues must be dealt with such as fair use of the water resources across borders,environmental protection,resettlement and religion,economy and technology.Intensive studies should be conducted and relevant countermeasures should be made.


Harold Shipman, who in January committed suicide in prison, has become notorious the world over as one of the most prolific serial killers of all time. His case has also seriously dented public confidence in doctors. David Spiegelhalter and Nicky Best explain how industrial quality control techniques could be adapted to signal when death rates among a doctor's patients are surprisingly high, and the tricky issues that would arise in implementing such a monitoring system.


The principal purpose of this study is to analyze closely the causal effects among servqual, customer satisfaction, and purchase intention of customers in golf`s organization. For this purpose the research was administered to using materials of 418 male and female customers dwelling in Kyunggido and Seoul. Data were collected through samples by means of cluster sampling method. The questionnaire for data collection of this study was based on those used in previous studies among servqual, customer satisfaction, and purchase intention scales, and used them after examing the verification of validity and reliability through pilot test. The methods of Statistics used to analyze the collected datas were structural equation modeling analysis. The following is conlusions brought through these analyzing methods and process in this study. Hopothesis Ⅰ was selected to optimal casual relationship. Hopothesis Ⅱ was selected to optimal casual relationship. Hopothesis Ⅲ was selected to optimal casual relationship.


In April, 1927, 140 eighth-grade boys and girls in the Fort Scott Junior High School, Fort Scott, Kansas, listed what they considered the most important items in junior high school citizenship. The girls were given the following assignment. Write a paper of from 150 to 200 words on the topic "Junior High School Citizenship." This may be handled in either of the following ways. I. Make a list of the activities in which the good school citizen engages-for example, "gets to his classes on time," "takes pride in his school," etc. 2. Make a list of the activities in which the good school citizen does not engage-for example, "does not run in halls," "does not fight on the school grounds," etc.


Zinc-65 and manganese-54 were the dominant artificial radionuclides in the livers of albacore collected along the coast of North America from Washington to Baja California during the summers 1962-1966. The concentrations and specific activities of these radionuclides changed considerably during summer, indicating rapid responses to different radioccological conditions. Off Oregon and Washington '"Zn levels, as well as specific activities, in albacore incrcascd markedly during summer months. Association of albacore with the effluent of the Columbia River accounted for this enhancement. The "GZn concentrations of albacore from southern and Baja California were about IO"/0 of those off Oregon and Washington with no seasonal trends evident. Highest radioactivities per gram and specific activities of '"Zn were found late in summer off Oregon. The "Zn concentrations off southern Oregon at this time were as high as those off northern Oregon near the mouth of the Columbia River, probably bccausc of the southward drift of plume waters coupled with the lag time for accumulation of '"Zn through several trophic levels. We have no evidence either for immigration of ""Zn-tagged albacore into the southern California fishery or for immigration of southern albacore, with low '"Zn content, into the northern fishery during one season. Manganese-54 enters the ocean primarily from fallout of nuclear weapons tests. Both the radioactivity and the specific activity of ""Mn in albacore off Oregon and Washington decreased during summer. Thus '"Mn appeared to be more available to albacore in offshore waters than in the ncarshore waters. The levels of '"Mn in albacore were rather similar during the years of this study; this was unexpcctcd since all the 51Mn presumably originated from 1961-19G2 nuclear weapons tests.


The width of the mesa (and well) however is vital to the epitaxy. Epitaxial growth is nucleated by the edges of the mesas. If the width of the mesa is 5 lm or larger, the preferred alignment of the crystal near its edges does not persist for the entire width of the mesa, so the center of the stripe reverts to the polygrain structure of films on flat substrates. When the edges of the mesas are less than 5 lm apart, the grains on either side of the mesa join, creating a single grain across the entire width of the mesa (or well) as seen in Figure 2. In summary we have demonstrated that graphoepitaxy offers a facile, efficient way to produce thin film arrays of spherical block copolymer domains with good long range order. This method could be useful for controlling the orientation and registration of these domains for use as nanolithographic etching masks. The well-ordered mesoscopic structures that can be subsequently produced may lead to new devices for quantum electronics and optics.


We report improved performance in semi‐insulating GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well based spatial light modulators grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The optically addressed modulator reported here are of a new design and have significantly higher spatial resolution than previously reported devices. Strong diffraction efficiencies are described for spatial periods as fine as 2.6 μm at framing rate as high as 600 kHz. Two modulators are characterized, one with x=0.1 and the other with x=0.3 for the AlxGa1−xAs quantum barriers of the superlattices.


In recent years, the scientific community's interest for developing software or hardware tools capable of processing and displaying real-time simulations of large-scale Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) has been growing exponentially. Visualization of the simulations is crucial to observe and study the dynamics of the SNN, because these models involve high level of biological realism by encoding spatial-temporal information into action potentials or spikes like biological neurons do. Existing tools are based on supercomputers or customized neuromorphic architectures to compute large-scale SNN models. However, many of them are unsuitable to carry out real-time analysis of large scale SNN with minimal cost as large amount of complex data needs to be processed and displayed at the same time. This work intends to provide an efficient cost effective and power efficient emulation tool based on hardware-software hybrid to process, control, and display large-scale SNN network behavior in real time. The solution consists of a customized hardware architecture that computes the neural-synaptic parameters and a software environment that displays the same on the screen of a general purpose computer (Host). The data to be visualized is transferred to the host through high speed Ethernet link. The proposed solution tailors the use of the Ethernet link bandwidth to an optimum such that the customized neuromorphic architecture and the host computer duo can be used to visualize the dynamics of SNN network of any size in real-time. The hardware and software platforms are scalable in terms of number of neurons and synapses. This solution gives flexibility to the user to visualize and analyze SNN network of any size avoiding saturation of the high-speed serial Ethernet link while supporting the visualization of SNN dynamics with a good screen resolution.


Formulations for dehydration states are disclosed, which comprise creatine and/or creatine derivatives, such as creatine monohydrate, creatine ascorbate, and creatine pyruvate and/or mixtures thereof, in such quantities that the creatine components do not exceed a daily dose of 4g of creatine. Said formulations which are, most notably, available in the form of infusion solutions and drinks, but also as tablets, capsules and powders, are used, preferably in patients with dehydration states caused, in particular, by age and/or immobility and/or by a disturbed fluid uptake. Said formulations can also be applied in the framework of an adjutant therapy in dehydration states. Said formulations achieve not just a better and increased water uptake in the various body tissues, but also achieve a significantly longer storage of water in the tissue.


Based on the Icepak simulation and test,a research for the thermal performance of Al-Cu composite structure heat sink was done.The test showed that the Al-Cu composite structure showed obvious results of optimization in high power LED and optimized more with load increasing.Al-Cu composite structure heat sink with empty centre reached the same result in heat transfer compared to single Al heat sink.The suggestion was given that Al-Cu composite structure heat sink with empty centre should be widely used.


Kinetic studies of the racemization and dissociation of [Fe(phen)3]2+ in the presence of sodium alkanesulfonates (CnH2n+1SO3Na, n=10, 14) showed the formation of at least two kinds of aggregates of the complex ion with alkanesulfonate ions (1:1 and 1:8 for n=10, and 1:1 and 1:3 for n=14).


Macrophages are known to play an important role in host defense mechanisms when these cells are stimulated with natural and bacterial products (and others). A variety of cytokines and chemicals compounds are released to induce fundamental defense system. Among them hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been identified as molecules having multi-functions. Moreover it has been established that H2O2 is involved is a number physiological processes, e.g., neurotransmission, smooth muscle relaxation or immune regulation. By the determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in peritoneal macrophage cultures of mice, we determined the immunomodulatory action of two extracts (ethanolic and 70% ethanolic) obtained of the four species to the Paepalanthus genus (Eriocaulaceae) in the concentration of 10 mg/mL. The 70% ethanolic extracts from capitula of P. hilairei, P. robustus, P. vellozioides . and P. speciosus presented higher liberation of H2O2 than the ethanolic extracts.


We explored genetic polymorphisms in a Thai population which exhibited a low capacity to metabolize coumarin. The following two silent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found: 1) SNP, 020228Kiyotani001; GENE NAME, CYP2A6; ACCESSION NUMBER, NT_011139; LENGTH, 25 base; 5'-AAACTACCTGCAG/TCTGAACACAGAG-3'. 2) SNP, 020228Kiyotani002; GENE NAME, CYP2A6; ACCESSION NUMBER, NT_011139; LENGTH, 25 base; 5'-AATCCCCAGCAC/TTTCCTGAATGAG-3'. These two mutations (G144A and C1245T), which were located in exon 1 and exon 8 of the CYP2A6 gene, were found in two subjects among nine poor metabolizers for coumarin.


Lentinus edodes rice wine is made by using lentinus edodes and rice as the main raw material and putting the extracting liquid of lentinus edodes into rice ,so it has a delicious odour of lentinus edodes and a nutritive and health protection function.


There have been more and more coal handling trestles with long length,big inclination and high anti-wind and aseismic requirements in electric power construction projects;while the structure systems of trestles are becoming more and more complicated.Safe and economic structures can only be designed by analyzing with suitable structural design software.Taking the design of a coal handling diagonal trestle in a certain project for example,by using two common softwares,PKPM(STS)and SAP2000,its structural calculations are carried out and compared each other.Finally,the differences and common features of main calculation results have been found.


Cylindrical components, used in under pressure structures, are privileged sites of defect expansion. The objective of the present study consists in proposing a complete numerical and experimental investigation and defining the stress intensity factor using different criteria of the literature. Moreover, the ultimate pressure is evaluated by means of strain gauges in order to compare numerical and experimental results. Mots-clefs : Entaille semi elliptique, jauge de deformation, Facteur d'intensite de contrainte


Debates over European integration allow the articulation of an English nationalism based upon an Anglo-British identity committed to Parliamentary sovereignty and British exceptionalism. This was seen during debates over entry to the European Economic Community between 1970 and 1975, which ended with a referendum. Tony Benn and Enoch Powell emerged as leaders of the campaign. With Benn a leading figure of the Labour Left and Powell a prominent yet contradictory figure on the right, they presented unlikely allies. However, since European integration conflicted with their Anglo-British identity, partisan politics were secondary to nationalist sentiments. By examining Benn and Powell's anti-Market rhetoric, this article considers 1970–1975 as the period in which the paradox of Anglo-British nationalism was affirmed: that its populist expression can be used to reinforce parliamentary sovereignty.


A combination of cyclic voltammetry, in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies was employed to investigate the electrochemical behavior and to characterize the structure of adsorbed layers of a redox-active pyridine-appended zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) at Cu(100)/electrolyte interfaces. Additional cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of a HOPG electrode in phthalocyanine- and iodide-containing electrolyte showed four redox peak pairs related to the phthalocyanine macrocycle. Focusing on the reduction processes, the four observed cathodic waves were assigned to four single electron transfer steps causing four successive reductions of the phthalocyanine. Due to its narrow potential window, the CV of Cu(100) in the same electrolyte covers only the first three reduction features in the acidic solution superimposed by the CuI formation/dissolution processes. Surprisingly, the XPS data from the iodide and phthalocyanine covered Cu(100) surfac...


The purpose of this research is to seek and propose a new predictive maintenance framework which can be used to generate a prediction model for deterioration of process materials. Real yield data which was obtained from Fuji Electric Malaysia has been used in this research. The existing data pre-processing and classification methodologies have been adapted in this research. Properties of the proposed framework include; developing an approach to correlate materials defects, developing an approach to represent data attributes features, analyzing various ratio and types of data re-sampling, analyzing the impact of data dimension reduction for various data size, and partitioning data size and algorithmic schemes against the prediction performance. Experimental results suggested that the class probability distribution function of a prediction model has to be closer to a training dataset; less skewed environment enable learning schemes to discover better function F in a bigger Fall space within a higher dimensional feature space, data sampling and partition size is appear to proportionally improve the precision and recall if class distribution ratios are balanced. A comparative study was also conducted and showed that the proposed approaches have performed better. This research was conducted based on limited number of datasets, test sets and variables. Thus, the obtained results are applicable only to the study domain with selected datasets. This research has introduced a new predictive maintenance framework which can be used in manufacturing industries to generate a prediction model based on the deterioration of process materials. Consequently, this may allow manufactures to conduct predictive maintenance not only for equipments but also process materials. The major contribution of this research is a step by step guideline which consists of methods/approaches in generating a prediction for process materials.


This paper focuses on the situation of compulsory education in the Brussels Capital Region. Schools are not isolated entities within which the learning process takes place and can not be viewed separately from the metropolitan environment within which they function. In order to gain an insight into this complex issue, the relationship between both can be summarised by four aspects: the political-institutional context (the organisation of education), the pedagogical-educational process (what is taught and how, in what circumstances and with which expected result), the demographic-geographic situation (the population for whom education is organised), and the social-cultural context (urban development) (Verlot, 2002). Although these different aspects are strongly interwoven, this division provides an interesting means by which the actual situation in Brussels is looked at more closely and by which the observations and the formulation of problems are made clearer. Finally, a number of political options are proposed.Due to the extent of the problems, the higher education and vocational education sectors are not examined here. They are addressed within topics such as "Brussels as a city of knowledge" and "The Brussels employment market".


Abstract : The Department of Defense Logistics Systems Plan (LOGPLAN) is a document that constitutes the Department of Defense-wide, long-range plan for logistics systems improvement during the 1975-1980 time frame. The LOGPLAN contains a number of implementing actions for these logistics systems improvements which must be initiated during this time period. The purpose of this paper is to develop and evaluate a model which determines relationships among the one hundred fourteen implementing actions and arranges them into a logical progression for systematic implementation. This paper discusses LOGPLAN in general, the model developed, and an evaluation of the model.


Apple is found in temperate regions of the world at an altitude ranging from 1350 to 2600 meters above mean sea level with an annual rainfall of 125-175 cm. Apple has a diverse climatic adaptation and most of the apple varieties require about 1500 hours of chilling below 7 0 C to break the rest period. Due to its chilling requirements, it grows best in relatively cooler climates than other deciduous fruits (Westwood and Chestnut, 1964). The average temperature should be around 21 to 24 ° C during the growing season. Apples endure quite low temperatures, but temperatures of -30 o C and rapid fluctuation in winter from relatively warm to extremely cold temperatures are harmful (Bokhari, 2002). For the sustenance of agricultural growth we have to rely on health concept. Soil health is defined as the continued capacity of soil to function as a vital living system, by recognising that it contains biological elements that are key to ecosystem function within land use boundaries (Doran and Zeiss, 2000). Soil health indicators are quite essential for the assessment of soil sustainability. Most of the soil biological activity is confined to surface soils whose depth varies from few to 30 cm. the biological components consist of many soil microorganisms. Irrespective of the small volume of these micro-organisms in soil they play a huge role in the cycling of various nutrients International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 12 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the intention to quit smoking and related factors in patients withastroke. Methods:Datawere collectedbystructuredquestionnairesfrom182 patientsinthreedifferent hospi- tals located in D and K metropolitan city, Korea. All of the patients had a stroke and continued to smoke. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation, and Hierarchical regressionanalyses. Results:Themajorvariablesofplannedactiontheoryandintentiontoquit smok- ingshowedpositivecorrelations withattitudetowardthe behavior ofquit smoking(direct)(r=.57, p<.001), attitude toward the behavior of quit smoking (indirect) (r=.25, p<.001), subjective norm (direct) (r=.45, p=.001) and per- ceived behavior control (direct) (r=.71, p<.001). Variablessuch asage, being employed, family type, perceived behavior control (direct), attitudetoward behavior to quit smoking (direct) and subjectivenorm(direct) explained 66%of variance inintentiontoquitsmoking. Conclusion:Accordingtotheaboveresults, aspecificeducationpro- gram for patients with a stroke who smoke is needed to increase perceived behavioral control, attitude toward the behavior of quit smoking and subjective norm.


Lukeqin heavy oil reservoir is in great depth and developed with salt rocks,so the requirement for wellbore quality is high.Frequent tripping is the feature of the preexisting drilling process,and the drilling efficiency is low.Base on surveying a number of past field operations,the drilling history data is analyzed,and the matching speed raising technique is studied.The high efficient PDC bit and high efficiency BHA are designed and optimized,and the high quality matching drilling fluid is taken,to carry out the objective of two sections of drilling operations in one trip.The rapid drilling technique of one trip drilling improved greatly the drilling rate of Lukeqin heavy oil reservoir,and decreased the drilling cost.It effectively protected the reservoir,and played a great role in increasing oil reserve and production.


BACKGROUND
Carotid artery stenting (CAS) from the femoral approach can be anatomically very difficult and the incidence of complications is higher in patients with anatomical variations of the aortic arch, difficulties related to peripheral vascular disease and/or with access site complications. Because the typical morphology in patients with a bovine- or type-III aortic arch applies for an arterial access from the right upper extremity (e.g. radial, brachial) we evaluated success rates and safety of the right transradial access in a prospective study.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Between June 2009 and October 2010, seventeen patients (mean age 74,4 ± 9 years, 10 male) with a bovine- (n = 4) or type-III aortic arch (n = 12) underwent CAS with a planned transradial- (n = 3) or after problematic transfemoral access (n = 14). In patients with a type-III aortic arch (n = 13), the right target common carotid artery (CCA) was cannulated from the right radial artery with a 5F IMA diagnostic catheter-, in patients with a bovine aortic arch (n = 4), the left CCA was accessed from the right radial artery with a 5F Amplatz- or Judkins left catheter. In all patients a 6F- (n = 14) or 5F- (n = 3) shuttle sheath was inserted via the diagnostic catheter and a 0.035" extra-stiff guidewire. All interventions were carried out with the use of a peripheral embolization protection device (EPD). Primary study endpoints were procedural success and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), secondary endpoints were access site complications and the mean intervention time.

RESULTS
Procedural success could be achieved in all patients (100 %), MACCE and access site complications did not occur in any patient. Mean interventional time was 48 ± 18 min.

CONCLUSIONS
CAS using the right transradial approach for left CAS in bovine-type aortic arch or the right transradial approach in type-III aortic arch for right CAS appears to be safe and technically feasible.


At a 2018 community workshop for the EU Horizon 2020 WATERSPOUTT project in Chikwawa, Malawi, villagers discussed water collection from the Shire river. WATERSPOUTT aims to provide safe drinking water to sub-Saharan African communities. A consortium of EU and African researchers is carrying out a development programme based on Solar Disinfection (SoDis), making collected water safe to drink. The water in Chikwawa is polluted by upstream sewage and factory waste and rains that stir up dirt and bacteria. An analysis of global risk and the water divide (Ciampi 2012) suggested that a culture utilising science alone is insufficient when facing new problems, new solutions and appropriate innovation require experience and imagination for successful adoption. Water interventions typically arrive in a developing area with a technological solution without considering local people, environment or culture. As a result, projects can see trivial issues lead to their failure, or minimal cultural exploration lead to rejected solutions incompatible with local customs. The introduction of SoDis to Nepal's Kathmandu Valley in (Rainey & Harding 2005) had many issues, the community had insufficient space for water storage in the sunlight and the treatment was wrongly perceived to make the water less pure. The ideal solution may have been treating the water at source or by employing design methods to ensure a match for the users, their community and beliefs.

Where products are successfully implemented, the application is often limited to a specific process, application or location and when situations change the initial technologies are no longer suitable for demand. Product design methods can provide mechanisms to customise products that solve immediate daily problems while developing longer lasting solutions for those not yet in the position to create them for themselves. This is exemplified by Vastergaard Frandsen's 'Life straw', P.J and J.P.S. Hendrikse's 'Q drum' and Amos Winters 'Leverage freedom chair'. These products have taken user requirements into consideration, developing long-term solutions for the intended communities. It is this application of product design methods to all stages of the water intervention process that this paper will explore, it will highlight where this has enabled undergraduate product design students to be closely involved in the project.

Previous intervention projects where design methods have been implemented will be analysed, and their effects reviewed. Communicating new arenas for innovation and new product development, the analysis will also include primary research from the WATERSPOUTT project including details of the development of a ceramic filter and solar disinfection water purification system as well as user feedback collected from target areas. The paper will discuss the importance of user engagement and the involvement of cultural factors in the advancement of new intervention products. Finally it will provide considerations in user centered design for students and educators while discussing how design methods can be used to improve the adoption and sustainability of community solutions in intervention product design. It will end with an analysis of how product design curricula could incorporate a greater level of socially responsible design thinking using examples of successful engagement with users and communities.


Explicit formulae for the -functional for the general couple , where is a compatible couple of quasi-normed spaces, are proved. As a consequence, the corresponding reiteration theorems are derived.


Banks are the backbone of any financial system. With the liberalization of economy and increased global competition many new private and foreign players have entered the Indian banking sector. Information Technology (IT) has become an integral part of the banking system. With the introduction of IT in banking the industry has been able to meet customers' requirements in an efficient manner by providing them all-time available error free services. The services like ATMs, Phone and Internet Banking etc. are helping the banks to reduce their per customer service costs. The major issue causing concern for extensive application of IT in banking relates to E-security threats and stability in the form of cyber crimes, frauds, thefts, secrecy of transactions, etc. This paper discusses the recent developments in banking industry, various IT initiatives in Indian Banking system, E-Security aspects in banking, cyber laws and RBI guidelines to regulate the e-security issues related to banks. Some suggestions are also made to improve the security in banks.


We introduce a hybrid recognition/reconstruction architecture that is suitable for recognition of images degraded by various forms of blur. This architecture includes an ensemble of feedforward networks each of which is constrained to reconstruct the inputs in addition to performing classification. The strength of the constraints is controlled by a regularization parameter. Networks are trained on original as well as Gaussian-blurred images, so as to achieve higher robustness to different blur operators. Face recognition is used to demonstrate the proposed method and results are compared to those of classical unconstrained feedforward architectures. In addition, the effect of state-of-the-art restoration methods is demonstrated and it is shown that image restoration with the proposed hybrid architecture leads to the best and most robust results under various forms of blur.


Development and discovery of cathode materials with superior performance seem to be tremendous challenges for Li-ion battery scientists. Since the topotactic reaction was first demonstrated in the 1970s, layered Li transition metal oxides (LiMO2, M = Co, Ni, Mn) have been a shining star throughout the research and innovation in intercalation materials due to their appealing merits. Generally the basic LiMO2 with a single kind of transition metal ion suffers from safety concerns and structural instability and can not support high energy Li-ion batteries. Nowadays, Li-stoichiometric mixed metal oxides and Li-excess Mn-based oxides have been considered as the most promising families of cathode materials for large-scale Li-ion batteries with high energy density used for transportation. In the present paper, with the help of a phase diagram tetrahedron, we provide an overview of the major developments in the field of LiMO2 cathode materials. The changes in structure during Li extraction and the phase compatibility of Li mixed metal oxides are highlighted. The latest progress in the research of Li-excess Mn-based oxides is also included.