Provide an excellent electrical conductivity on the lead frame, switches, relays and the like, tensile strength and bending property balance copper-based alloy and a manufacturing method for the connector. For at a total of 0.01 to 30 wt% of Ni, Sn, P and is selected from Zn, Si, Fe, Co, Mg, Ti, Cr, Zr, at least one element of Al, the balance being Cu and not copper-based alloy ingot avoid impurities, cold rolling, then annealing step constituting the composition at least once, press working ratio satisfies the following formula (1) is cold-rolled Z: Z ND is: 0.05≤S ND ≤ 0.15 (S ND = I {200} ÷ [I {111} + I {220} + I {311}]. I {220} to {100} X-ray diffraction intensity of the plane, I {111} {111} is the X-ray diffraction intensity of the plane, I {220} to {110} X-ray diffraction intensity of the plane, I {311} to {311} X-ray diffraction intensity of the); thus is obtained in the flat conductivity, tensile strength, 0.2% proof stress, elasticity, Vickers hardness and bending workability The excellent precipitation strengthened copper alloy.


We surveyed presolar grains in primitive enstatite chondrites by isotopography using the HokuDai isotope microscope system. The mineral identification has been conducted by X‐ray analysis with scanning electron microscopy. The chemical compositions are determined for eight silicate and ten carbonaceous presolar grains. Presolar grains of pyroxene compositions are dominant in the enstatite chondrites. This suggests that presolar silicates of enstatite composition were selectively survived in the enstatite chondrite parent body or the enstatite chondrite formation area in the solar nebula.


The aim of this study was to compare the methodological quality and input paper characteristics of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses reported in the medical and surgical literature by performing a systematic 'overview of reviews'. Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) were used as the framework for this comparison as they are relatively common serious conditions, with both medical and surgical options for therapy.


In this article, we introduce the sequence spaces Z0(F, △) and Z∞(F, △) for the sequence of moduli F = (fk) and give some inclusion relations.


The issue of the No.16,2004 document of the CCCPC and the State Council leads to an encouraging situation in the ideological political education of China 's higher learning institutions;however there still exist defects of ideological understanding misconstruction,indifference between teachers and students,weakening of family influence,absence of joint-force and lack of evaluation system.To overcome these defects,there must be an all-round innovation in concept,content and approach,in the aspects of function-understanding,system-building,education method,personnel development,evaluation system and resources-integrating,for the purpose of embodiment of the times and enhancement of efficiency.


In view of the qualified discharged printing and dyeing wastewater whose main component was activated dye, a test that using BAF-micro flocculation as the pretreatment process for its reclamation was studied. The results showed that, BAF not only could effectively remove the turbidity and SS from the wastewater, but also could degradate the residual complicated activated dye in some degree, when the mass concentration of CODCr, SS in influent water were 100, 50 -60 mg/L respectively, the chroma was 40 times, the average removal rate of CODCr, SS and chroma by BAF reached 46.8%, 85%, 25% respectively; in addition, after the micro flocculation treatment, the total removal rate of CODCr, SS and chroma reached 70%, 97.5%, 55% respectively, the effluent water quality met the requirement of influent water for the following advanced treatment. the process was proved to be economy reasonable and technique feasible.


Despite continued restructuring and plant closures, the chemical and process industries can be optimistic about the future. We report on the latest business predictions


Studying the trackways of extinct animals is one of the few ways to determine social behaviors, especially herding. We present an analysis of footprint data following the method of Alexander (1989)...


The passive location system based on satellites can realize passive scout for global radiation source on earth,and it has advantages of secret scout,large range and can not be limited by geographic position.A new method of the modified covariance extended Kalman filtering(MVEKF) was applied to passive location and tracking using three satellites for moving target in this paper.It can get over the defect that the EKF method can be affected by initial condition and measurement error,and it does not need the corrected function of observation equation.The emulation indicated that this method had faster speed and better tracking performance.


In an article about participatory action research published in 1998, one of the authors of this commentary remarked that there was no empirical documentation of the efficacy of research in which the various stakeholders are involved throughout the proc ess of planning and conducting the study (Turnbull, Friesen, & Ramirez, 1998). Now, we are delighted to see that Faith LambParker et al. have gone a long way toward correcting this deficit. We should also congratulate the ACYF/Head Start Bureau for the creation of the communityuniversity partnership funding initiatives, with their accompanying requirements for researchers, practitioners, and parents to develop and carry out research in partnership. These community-university partnership funding initiatives created the sufficient and appropriately similar pool of partnerships necessary for an empirical study to occur. This survey of 60 community-university partnerships is an affirmation for those who have advocated shared decision making in the conduct of research. The creation of a strategy to measure the degree to which decision making is shared (by averaging ratings of degree of participation across five groups) is in itself a contribution to the field. But the best news is that the results of this study suggest that a high level of shared decision making is associated with a number of beneficial characteristics of effective partnerships, including a greater sense of involvement among the partners in all phases of the study, a greater sense of satisfac tion with the research process, and a perception by the participants that the research was valuable to them. Participants in partnerships with high levels of shared decision making appeared to spend more time working on issues such as protecting participa nt rights and sensitivity to participants' culture in the 1st year, and in the 2nd year spent time on more concrete, "down to business" issues such as spe cific research and choice of measures and procedures. In contrast, projects with low levels of shared decision making were spending more time in their 2nd year working on problems that were impeding the progress of the project. These findings suggest that initial investment of time and effort into forging a meaningful process-always time consuming-may, in the end, be more than worth it in terms of effective and timely completion of the project.


The present invention belongs to the technical field of polymer materials, composite materials, and relates to a method for preparing nylon 6 / polypropylene. The composite material comprises the following components and parts by weight: 500 to 600 parts to 100 parts of polypropylene nylon 6,50, 300 to 400 parts of a continuous long fiber reinforcement, 40 to 50 parts of a compatibilizing agent, 10 to 20 parts Antioxidant and agent, 2-6 parts lubricant. Compared with the prior art, the product of the present invention ensures the effective length of the glass, thus greatly improving the rigidity and strength of the material, while significantly improving hydrolysis resistance and heat resistance of materials, which fibers are dispersed uniformly, parts weight stable. Further, the present invention may be directly injection molded, high production efficiency, and further article after pulverization treatment can be recycled after use, does not pollute the environment.


Chrysanthemums, which are widely cultivated for loose flowers, cut flowers and potted plants all over the world, are commercially propagated by rooting of cuttings. In this study, cuttings with single floral bud from 12 different varieties viz., Pusa Anmol, Yellow star, Salora, Selection 5, Chandrika, Plant and seed choice, Pink, Suganda yellow, Paper yellow, HYDC 11, Neelima & Mother Theresa were taken and evaluated for rooting percentage, number of days for rooting, plant height, number of leaves, number of days for flower bud opening and flower diameter. Among various varieties evaluated, Pusa Anmol was found best suitable for rooting of floral bud cuttings. While, Paper yellow and Mother Theresa had not recorded any rooting.


On the basis of the discovery of a large-scale stream sediment anomaly with a good Ag-Pb-Au-Cu-Zn assemblage at Diaoquan,Shanxi ,1∶10000geochemical soil survey and additional geological exploration have been carried out and the Diaoquan copper deposit has been identified to be a large Ag-Au-Cu deposit.


The article is devoted to consideration of the requirement of a state language of the Russian Federation to be spoken by all public and municipal employees. This article specifies what is meant by this requirement and how it is treated when hiring candidates into the organs of the internal affairs. Therefore it proposes to consolidate the imperative requirement of testing knowledge of the Russian language by the citizens arriving to study at vocational training centers and educational institutions under the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.


Objective:To study the value of clinical application in spiral three-dimensional CT reconstruction,the shaded surface display(SSD) and multiplanar reconstruction(MPR) for bone and joint complex fractures.Methods:12 in 50 bone and joint complex fracture emergence cases were covered with(SSD) and(MPR) which were transmited to the PACS(Picture Archiving and Communication System),from which orthopaedist could preoperative assessment.Results: After processing by the 3D tool that could three-dimensional clearly display bone and joint complex fracture line courses,degree of fracture separation,shift direction,fracture piece number,size and location,etc,from which orthopaedist observed the full range of bone and joint injuries,and then chose the best surgical approach and the best fixation position.Conclusion: Spiral CT could clearly display the bone and joint complex fracture.Clinical application of 3D images could be intuitive,accurate guidance of the way of orthopedic surgery,and fixation position.


We developed a Raman spectral analysis method to estimate the basis for discrimination by using principal component analysis, which leads to the development of a reliable discrimination method of biological tissues.


The strain sf-628 was strong antagonistic ability to Sclerotinia sclerotiorumr in vitro.In order to improve the antagonistic ability of the strain and obtain high-efficiency strains,N+ of different doses was implanted into the strain sf-628.Of 500 strains mutation treated,the antagonistic ability of 10 strains increased more than 15 % that of sf-628,by the first and the second screening,and fix quantify screening.Efficiency of inhibiting pathogens of the screened strains in vitro and controlling disease in the pot was measured.The results indicated that the optimum dose of ion implantation for the sf-628 was from 100×5.3×1013 N+/cm2 to 150×5.3×1013 N+/cm2;the antagonistic ability of these strains against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were increased by 18.5 %-41.7 % than sf-628 in vitro;the control effect of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum increased by 1.14 %-14.80 % over that of sf-628 in the pot.


Abstract : Precision has become an all important force multiplier in the employment of US forces, and this employment has become routine. Precision has allowed US forces, specifically Air and Space forces, to provide global capabilities across the spectrum between lethal and non-lethal engagements. The inherent flexibility and versatility of air and space power allows the exploitation of mass and maneuver through synchronization of action. Mass is one of the foundations of US Joint warfighting capabilities allowing US forces the ability choose the time and place to concentrate effects against an adversary. Additionally, maneuver places the adversary at a disadvantage to the Joint force capabilities. The advent of the Global Positioning System (GPS) provided a monumental leap in precision for US and allied forces providing data for very accurate position, navigation, and timing (PNT).


This paper documents the feasibility of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) over East Asia, centered in South Korea. The 3-hourly TMPA 3B42 version 6 data with horizontal resolution of 0.25° are quantitatively evaluated against available gauge estimates over South Korea, and compared with existing global estimates in describing spatial patterns of the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall in June, July and August (JJA) of 2006. Precipitation is examined in terms of amount, frequency, and intensity, at diurnal and semidiurnal cycles, as well as daily and seasonal mean characteristics. The TMPA data are found to be comparable to the surface observations over South Korea and other global estimates over East Asia on a seasonal time scale. On a daily time scale, the horizontal distribution of TMPA precipitation compares satisfactorily to that from the surface gauge data over South Korea for selected heavy rainfall events. A discernible discrepancy is analyzed in the daily evolution of precipitation when evaluated on individual observation sites; however, the average amount of rainfall over South Korea is still comparable to the gauge observation. A statistical analysis of frequency distribution reveals that the TMPA data show heavier precipitation on a daily time scale, but less precipitation in sub-daily time scales. Diurnal and semidiurnal variations of precipitation amount, frequency, and intensity from the TMPA are also comparable to the corresponding gauge estimates. Our study indicates that the TMPA data can be successfully utilized to visualize mesoscale precipitation activities over East Asia including the Korean peninsula, with oceanic information which is not able to be obtained from gauge estimates.


We present an approach to imbuing "expressivity" in a synthesized voice by acquiring a thematic analysis of 10 interviews with vocal studies and performance experts to inform the design framework for a real-time, interactive vocal persona that would generate compelling and appropriate contextually-dependent expression. The resultant 'tone of voice' is defined as a point existing within a continuous, contextually-dependent probability space. The inclusion of voice persona in synthesized voice can be significant in a broad range of applications. Of particular interest is the potential impact in augmentative and assistive communication (AAC) community. Finally, we conclude with an introduction to our ongoing research investigating the themes of vocal persona and how they may continue to inform proposed expressive speech synthesis design frameworks.


The 4D/RCS Reference Model Architecture for Unmanned Vehicle Systems provides a methodology for conceptualizing, designing, engineering, integrating, and testing intelligent systems software for vehicle systems with any degree of autonomy. Many of the components of this architecture require the integration of cognitive functions to provide this autonomy. KEEL (Knowledge Enhanced Electronic Logic) technology provides a mechanism for defining and executing some of these cognitive functions. This report targets organizations that are interested in developing products compatible with the 4D/RCS Reference Model and that may find value in KEEL technology for development, test, and execution. 1. Problem Statement The 4D/RCS Reference Model Architecture defines "Value Judgment" and "Behavior Generation" services that will be distributed across a hierarchy of systems. As the 4D/RCS Reference Model is deployed in support of the Future Combat System, there will likely be thousands, if not millions of cognitive decisions required. The 4D/RCS Reference Model suggests some approaches to package and deliver these cognitive functions. Section 4.4.12 (Knowledge of Rules of Mathematics and Logic) identifies the use of conventional programming concepts (IF, THEN, ELSE) to address logical problems that can be solved by numeric or symbolic algorithms. The report also recognizes that in the brain, rules can be represented by functional mappings implemented by neural nets. Section 4.4.13 (Knowledge of Rules of Physics) recognizes both a static and a dynamic nature of the system. Section 4.4.14 (Knowledge of Value) recognizes the concept of information "value". These two sections together require that the system support the recognition of the dynamic changing of importance of information in a cognitive process.


The invention discloses a method for improving the yield of arginine. According to the method, a ceramic membrane is adopted to replace the conventional sheet frame for filtration, so that the quality of filtrate is improved, the occupied area is reduced, the yield of a product is increased, and the labor intensity is alleviated. Due to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the total yield of a finished product can reach 86.5 percent above relative to fermentation liquor (which is calculated relative to the net content of the arginine without thallus); the first-pass yield of the finished product is 99.8 percent.


In order to find the flow and pressure, the constants for the Carreau Equation must be known for the specific polymer. A method is provided for finding the Carreau Constants from viscosity versus shear data for any polymer


Slag is milled,filtered with 1000 mesh,500 mesh and 200 mesh square hole,by 5:4:1 combination of the steel slag powder,laser particle size analyzer can tell us,the powder has similar particles with Portland cement;in the cement and slag powder ratio of 1:4,70% of particles in the 75μm,Based on the potential activity and fineness of slag powder,Steel powder and cement both together as a binder,it can also increase the density of Aggregate stability as the filling material.This experiment shows that the total amount of steel slag powder does not exceed 24%,stable materials unconfined compressive strength of 7 days to meet the specifications of design strength;By 28 days standard curing,electronic scanning proved,cement content unchanged with slag powder content increases,the hydration products of C2S,C3S content increased,but more steel slag particles not involved in the reaction.Porosity is the main reason for shrinkage.


Cavernous hemangiomas, first described by Globus in 1929, are one of the uncommon vascular malformations of central nervous system. They seemed to have benign vascular structure with dilated vessel bed. Cavernous hemangiomas encompass nearly 'five'–12% of all spinal vascular malformations; however, existence in the epidural space without bone involvement is rare. Only 'four'% of all cavernous hemangiomas are merely epidural cavernous hemangiomas. In this case report, we removed a hemorrhagic thoracic mass by T3-T5 laminectomy presenting with neurological deficits mimicking symptoms of intervertebral disk herniation in a 33-year-old male patient who came to our Clinic. We have chosen this case to be reported due to its rare characteristics and occurrence of this type of cavernous hemangioma in the world.


Five bioactive compounds namely polydatin, resveratrol, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, emodin and physcion in Polygonum cuspidatum were determined by HPLC. An Agilent Zorbax SB C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) was used. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile(A) and water(B) with linear gradient program of 15.0~50.0%(A) in 0~40 min and 50.0~90.0%(A) in 40~60 min. The column temperature, detection wavelength and flow rate were set at 40 ℃, 290 nm and 1.0 mL/min respectively. The calibration curve of each analyte was constructed under six concentrations. The correlation coefficients were all more than 0.999, and the RSD of tR ranged from 0.14% to 1.67%, while RSD of the peak area was from 0.96% to 2.96%. The spike recovery of the five analytes was 96.8~104.7%. The extraction condition was optimized, and ultrasonic extraction with 60% ethanol for 30 min was chosen. The method was successfully applied for analysis of ten Polygonum cuspidatum samples. The results showed that polydatin and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside were the two most dominant constituents in Polygonum cuspidatum with contents ranges of 9.80~20.42 mg/g and 5.56~24.45 mg/g, respectively. The method has good repeatability and high precision, and can be used for simultaneous analysis of the five constitutes in Polygonum cuspidatum.


The article analyzes the objectivity of the antithesis West-East, formulated in the Russian theology of the 19th century, in particular, in the dissertation of Archimandrite Sergius (Stragorodsky) "Orthodox Teaching on Salvation", 1895. The analysis is based on a comparative research of modern official translations of the Gospel of Luke in the Catholic and Orthodox traditions. Well-recognized critics of Archimandrite Sergius agree that the opposition of the West and Russia through the prism of juridical and moral worldviews is "not so unambiguous" and therefore could not be a reliable basis for the "Orthodox doctrine of salvation". It is argued that the thesis about the difference between the two worldviews had an artificial origin, since it was dictated by the desire of the early Slavophiles and their followers to create in Russia its own theological system, totally different from the Western one. The importance of the topic is due to its direct relation to the dogma of salvation, which is the main goal of the Christian doctrine.


A method for preparing reflection-type LCD and the arranging structure of its connection pads features that when its thin-film transistors are prepared, the indium tin oxide is directly generated on the first or the second metal layer fo r directly obtaining connection pads after the contact window for scan pad or data pad is etched, so simplifying the process to generate light mask.


AIM: The present study evaluated the efficiency of two orthodontic devices, the extraoral arch and transpalatal bar when used to anchorage control of upper first molars when two bicuspids were extracted. METHODS: The samples were divided into two groups. Group 1 was composed by 14 patients that used the extraoral arch as anchorage control device and group 2 was composed by 16 patients that used the transpalatal bar as anchorage control device. Initial and final lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after the retraction of anterior teeth, to compare the initial and final upper molar positions either in the quantitative (mesial molar movement) and in the qualitative (mesial inclination of molar crown) aspects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that there was not significant statistical difference between the two evaluated groups in the quantitative aspects. However, the extraoral arch was more efficient in the qualitative aspect, since it permitted a minor mesial molar crown inclination when compared with transpalatal bar.


The ptilinum of schizophoran flies usually is described as a simple protrusible bladder, the function of which is that of bursting the puparium immediately prior to the escape of the adult. A few observers had, however, recorded that it may be provided with scalelike projections. An examination of the ptilina of approximately 150 species of flies, representing 40 families, indicates that these scales are a characteristic of all schizophoran families. Many of these are described and their structure is compared. Nearly all of the extreme variations can be correlated with similar structures on the proboscis of a conopid. In the majority of families, they are very small and usually conform rather closely with four major types which merge into each other. Exceptions to this general rule occur in certain genera in widely separated families which include Ephydridae, Tetanoceridae, Anthomyidae, and Tachinidae. The action of the ptilinum in recently emerged Calliphoridae indicates that its armature of scales may r...


Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered as one of the best candidates for the next generation of high‐energy‐density storage devices owing to their superior theoretical energy density, high specific capacity, and sufficient sulfur reservoirs. However, the shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides and sluggish LiPSs redox kinetics restrict the further application of LSBs. The polysulfides shuttle effect can be efficiently alleviated and LiPSs conversion kinetics be accelerated by designing optimal transition metal compounds (TMCs) as multifunctional catalyst materials. Herein, recent advances about TMCs in LSBs are systematically summarized and analyzed. First of all, the intrinsic structural characteristics of TMCs and relevant application on their works to the adsorption energies studies are described in detail. Second, the bonding manners and structural properties are analyzed by density functional theory (DFT)‐guided calculations, focusing on the adsorption and diffusion behavior between TMCs and LiPSs. Furthermore, the mechanism of LiPSs redox reaction conversion is studied from kinetics aspects, thus developing the continuous dynamic analysis on "adsorption–diffusion–conversion" toward LiPSs. Eventually, this study particularly highlights the importance of modification engineering and provides a forward‐looking overview for its further application prospects by introduction of the previous advanced studies in LSBs.


Abstract Consideration is given to the steady flow of a micropolar liquid near a rigid boundary. It is shown that while micro-inertia itself is not important, nevertheless, some properties of the microstructure do play a vital rôle in determining the structure of the boundary layer. The Kármán—Polhausen method is used to provide an estimate of the shear stress at the boundary, and detailed calculations are given for flow near stagnation. The important significance of the standard length of the micropolar liquid is demonstrated for this flow, as for other flows in this medium.


in lying time among odor treatments. HR piglets exposed to AA, NB or MF had decreased lying time compared with ISO. MR pigs spent more time PFF (interested in the odor) when exposed to MF or NB compared with ISO. LR pigs showed similar PFF when exposed to each odor. HR piglets showed more PFF when exposed to MF than ISO. MR piglets showed more PAF (avoided the odor) when exposed to MP and AA than ISO-exposed piglets. LR and HR did not differ in their PAF behaviors among odors. These experiments demonstrated that pig behavioral type interacted with piglet behavioral responses to relevant and non-relevant biological odors.


This research is carried out on the cold chain currently operating at Laboratory X Japanese pharmaceutical with five years of experience in the Colombian market. Such cold chain referred to herein was implanted in early 2015, before the need of managing import of oncological medications, where there is a high reliability on management of its chain of cold supplies. This research found that the cold chain in the national scope does not have the capability to ensure client requirements, and in addition, there is significant gap in front of better practices worldwide. Specifically, it is not capable of ensuring integrity of transported thermolabile products. Based on the above, and in development of the research, the project suggests Laboratory X the use of SkyCell 770C passive packing, which, thanks to its technological development, may become the ideal solution alternative to prevent periods when such products are not under suitable cold temperature during the logistic process, since by using such packing, traceability and maintenance product temperature are guaranteed; with additional advantages, such as decrease of related costs.


In this report, we discuss various examples of multipulsing and burst control using a MOPA pulsed fiber laser operating at 1064 nm.


This study aims to design the build of a wear test tool or a tribometer that intends to measure the coefficient of friction and wear rate in contact materials in form of disc-on-disc. This tribometer test tool can be used in dry contact (without any intermediate material between contacts) or wet contacts (by using intermediate material between contacts such as lubricant). The application of this disc-on-disc type of tribometer is the contact that occurs between roller elements (solid cylinders) and inner rings on cylindrical rolling bearings. In this paper is used the design method of VDI 2221. The steps are to clarify the task, determine the function of structure, look for the principle of the solution and its structure, describe the variants that can be realized and give shape to the model and detail the manufacture and used. This tool is used to test components consisting of two discs where the material can be varied. The design of the surface contact side mechanism is done in a radial direction. So, the disc can rotate (rolling contact) and this test tool can be varied load and rotation. The final result of this study is an engineering document in the form of layout drawings and assembly images as well as detailed images of each component and bills of materials.


Abstract Objective: To examine Hb level and anaemia status among infants under 6 months of age in rural China. Design: A cross-sectional survey collected data among infants under 6 months and their primary caregivers in Sichuan, China. Anaemia was defined using both the WHO and China Pediatrics Association thresholds. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify relevant factors among two age groups (<4 months; 4–5 months). Setting: Eighty townships were selected in Sichuan, China from November to December 2019. Participants: Nine hundred and forty-two infants under 6 months, while Hb level was tested for 577 infants. Results: The overall mean (±sd) Hb level was 106·03 (± 12·04) g/l. About 62·6 % (95 % CI 58·5, 66·6) of sample infants were anaemic using the WHO threshold, and 20·5 % (95 % CI 17·3, 24·1) were anaemic using the China Pediatrics Association thresholds. Anaemia rates rose with increasing age in months. Multivariable linear regressions revealed that lower Hb levels were significantly associated with lower birth weight (<4 months: β = 4·14, 95 % CI 0·19, 8·08; 4–5 months: β = 6·60, 95 % CI 2·94, 10·27) and delivery by caesarean section (<4 months: β = −4·64, 95 % CI −7·79, −1·49; 4–5 months: β = −4·58, 95 % CI −7·45, −1·71). Conclusion: A large share of infants under 6 months in rural western China are anaemic. Infants with low birth weight and caesarean delivered should be prioritised for anaemia testing. Future studies should move the point of focus forward to at least 4 months of age and examine the link between caesarean section and anaemia to promote health and development in infancy.


Spectroscopic properties of and crystals in the spectral region near and the lasing characteristics of these crystals under in-band pumping at a wavelength of are studied. With the crystal, the maximum slope efficiency with respect to the absorbed pump power was 44 % at a wavelength of . Continuous-wave operation of an in-band pumped laser is obtained for the first time. The output power at a wavelength of was with a slope efficiency of 21%.


Screening, Identification and Preliminary Investigation of Target
Transporters in Pregnancy Pathologies.
INTRODUCTION: Pre-eclampsia (PE), intrauterine growth restriction
(IUGR) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are major sources of
clinical morbidity and mortality in pregnant women worldwide. The
mechanisms underlying these gestational diseases are complex and not
yet fully understood, but one factor contributing to their development is
impaired maternal-fetal nutrient transport. Therefore, we aimed to identify
candidate membrane transporters involved in transplacental nutrient
transfer associated with PE/IUGR or GDM.
METHODS: Using in silico strategies, we analysed various gene
expression data sets generated on different platforms focusing on
solute carriers, ABC transporters and TRP channels in order to identify
transporters that are differently expressed between patients and gestational
age-matched controls. These bioinformatic analyses were combined with
literature data to define a catalogue of target transporters that could be
involved in the development of PE/IUGR or GDM. Transporters of interest
were then analysed for gene expression using qRT-PCR in placental
tissues of patients and controls. For validating the results on protein and
functional level, we started to establish an in vitro assay using freshly
isolated primary cytotrophoblast cells polarized on the Transwell® system.
RESULTS: Using bioinformatics approaches, we initially identified
37 target membrane proteins which were mainly associated with the
transport of amino acids, vitamins, and trace elements. At the current state
of analysis, the amino acid transporters SLC7A7, SLC38A2, SLC38A5,
and the thiamine transporter SLC19A3 showed significant differences in
placental mRNA expression between controls and patients affected by
PE and/or IUGR. Subsequent gene expression analysis in our in-house
GDM placental tissue bank is still ongoing.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on our in silico analyses, literature data and
first follow-up in vitro validations, we were able to define potentially
interesting candidate transporters implicated in PE/IUGR or GDM. To
date, additional newly defined candidate targets are being analysed on
mRNA level in PE/IUGR and GDM. Subsequent analyses on protein and
functional level will reveal whether these targets could be of diagnostic
or therapeutical interest in these pregnancy pathologies.


The goal of this study is to overlook how the drama movement has evolved as the social and political situation changed, considering that the drama in the 1960s implied a transition to the modern drama. Like other contemporary cultural movements, the drama movement in the 1960s could not be out of the revolution on April 19th and the coup de tat on May 16th. What it did for the first time after the military regime launched was to organize the Association of Korean Culture and Art. Integrating the entire art fields into one, this organization brought up many problems in that it dismissed the independent art groups and was government-made. The great theme of the establishment of the nationalistic drama was in agreement with the interest of the government which tried to find the connection between the public and the drama field. That's why people in the drama field mostly focused on both government-oriented drama movement and reinvigoration of the traditional drama, led by the National Theater from the beginning of the 1960s. The public in the 1960s, however, was different from that in the 1950s. Based on individualism and affected by the western culture through mass media, the public demanded various esthetic experiences after the revolution on April 19th. From the middle of the 1960s, accordingly, the movement of popularization of drama became to be a main theme in the drama field. The previous drama groups including the national drama group could not make sure which they should do, the establishment of the nationalistic drama or the movement of popularization of drama. That was because their objective didn't fit the desire of the public. Whereas ignoring both government-oriented drama led by the National Theater and the movement of traditional drama as a event culture, the public was fiscinated by amateur groups who performed creative drama and experimental drama. This change made people in the drama field rethink that they should change their movement and accept new people. The drama movement in the 1960s can be summarized by the movements of traditional drama, National Theater and Drama Center-led drama, popularization of drama, and experimental drama. The movement of traditional drama had a limitation that it met the policy of the government and too much focused on event-oriented performance. However, it partly succeeded in bridging to the modern drama in the end of the 1960s. The National Theatre always had to be in the boundary of the cultural policy of the government and to consider the popularity due to the lack of the budget. In result, the National Theatre had nothing to do except for rent business. Nevertheless, it contributed to support the small drama theatre, to explore the creative drama, and to educate new drama players. Drama Center, opened under such expectations, was severely condemned for the management difficulty and privatization of the representative, Chi-Jin Yu. However, it contributed to drag people's attention to traditional drama and to educate the new players, affecting the 1970s-and-after drama field. On the other hand, the most controversial problem was the movement of popularization of drama. Drama field was divided into Academic drama-oriented side and people-oriented side. This kind of change itself was important in that it meant the transition to drama for the pleasure of people, from drama for the education of people. A experimental drama and a creative drama performed by amateur groups met the demand of people. The drama in the 1960s had a limitation of its performance due to governmental control such as performance law and censorship. However, it contained explicitly transitional characteristics in that it expanded its genres to musical, salon drama, mono drama, drama for children, and comic drama.


The chimpanzee and human experimentation relationship between chimpanzee and human development, behaviour and reproduction the role of the chimpanzee in biomedical research.


Introduction: as a result of the increase in life expectancy, more patients aged over 60 undergo surgery, and a large number of them undergo emergency surgery. Objective: Describe anesthetic morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular origin in geriatric patients undergoing emergency surgery. Methods: a prospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted of 123 patients aged over 60 at Leopoldito Martínez General Teaching Hospital from January 2010 to December 2011. The data were collected from medical records and anesthesia protocols. Results: 34.1 % of the patients had a history of cardiovascular disease, and arterial hypertension was predominant in 15.4 %. Smoking was the most frequent risk factor (26.8 %), and herniorrhaphy was the most common emergency intervention (33.3 %). The anesthetic method most frequently used was general anesthesia (68.3 %), with a predominance of general orotracheal anesthesia. Most cardiovascular complications appeared during the transoperative period. Five patients died (4.1 %), with no death attributable to the anesthetic procedure applied. Conclusions: a direct relationship was found between anesthetic morbidity of cardiovascular origin and mortality in geriatric patients undergoing emergency surgery.


Many school children suffer from trauma the symptoms of which can be misidentified as classroom behavior problems. Teachers can be trained to correctly identify these behaviors and work with a human services professional who coordinates access to appropriate interventions for students and their families. The authors review literature on community school partnerships and propose a compassionate community model stressing three things: (a) the need to recognize and process trauma and vicarious trauma in school settings, (b) the intentional connection with community, kith, and kin in creating healthy and healing environments for children, and (c) the role a professional with a degree in human services can play as a coordinator between schools, services, and the broader community. The model is based on a web of circular and holistic relationships that can contribute to the well-being and resilience of communities, families, and children.


Ancient Chinese medicine is mainly mythical and legendary. The documented period in Chinese history began in the Shang dynasty (17661122 BC), when hieroglyphics were invented and recorded on cattle bones and tortoise shells. This kingdom was established along the southern banks of the Yellow River in modern-day Honan Province. Shang culture was based upon agriculture and animal husbandry. A small portion of the population, including the ruling classes, settled in towns. The majority still lived as peasants in New Stone Age conditions1. Ignorance, fear and reverence for the unknown and mysterious mother nature dominated Shang culture. The natural phenomena of heaven and earth, mountains and rivers, wind and rain, thunder and lightning, frost and snow, earthquake and storm instilled the concept of a superior being who exercised control over everything. Illnesses were attributed to the following causes:


We obtain analytical solutions that describe self-similar rogue waves for the (1+1)-dimensional nonautonomous nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a linear potential. The explicit functions that describe the evolution of the width, peak, and phase are found exactly, from which it can be seen that the gain–loss parameter has no effect on the motion of rogue waves' phases or their widths, and affects only the evolution of their peaks. We also find that the manipulation of rogue waves can be realized by modulating the values of the maximum accumulated time, Tm, and the accumulated time, T0, with the maximum amplitude of the rogue waves. The controllability for the type of excitation, such as sustainment, recurrence, and annihilation for rogue waves and the transverse position of excitation is exhibited.


Adaptation to climate change often involves long-time frames and uncertainties over the consequences of chosen adaptation measures. In this study, two tools designed for assisting local decision-makers in adaptation planning were tested: socio-economic scenarios and sustainability analysis. The objective was to study whether these tools could be of practical relevance to Swedish municipalities and facilitate local-level climate change adaptation. We found that the municipal planners who participated in the testing generally considered the tools useful and of high relevance, but that more time was needed to use the tools than was provided during the test process.


Pharmaceuticals affect the lives of an ever-increasing number of people. Global spending on prescription drugs in 2006 was $643 billion (1), and in 2009, 3.9 billion drug prescriptions were filled in the US (2). Although pharmacy is an ancient art, the pharmaceutical industry, in historical terms, is young. For example, an extract from the willow tree (which contains salicylic acid) was known to the ancient Greeks, but acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) was synthesized only in 1897. Chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology have played major roles in the development of the modern pharmaceutical industry, which now makes medicines with enormous interventional potential, sometimes associated with considerable risk of side effects. Pharmaceutical companies started to grow late in the 19th century. In the 1920s and 1930s, the main achievements were the production of insulin and penicillin. Then came the birth control pill, the hypotensive drugs, and the later "blockbuster" drugs, such as Valium, Prozac, and the statins. Anticancer drugs and compounds for the treatment of AIDS are the newer classes. The thalidomide tragedy in the 1960s led to more stringent …


The objective of this review is to explore the possibility of changing the old perception among agriculturist from various disciplines that Sudanese soils are rich in potassium, this article reviewed the work that had been conducted on potassium in soils of Sudan since 1927.Hereby, potassium did not receive the worth attention in Sudan agricultural system. This article reviewed the work that had beenconducted on potassium in soils of Sudan since 1927. However, research work on soil potassium status and response of crops to the applied potassium is little. Early studies showed that some crops, like cotton and wheat, did not respond to the added potassium, however, sugarcane, banana, potato, and sweet potato crops responded well to the addedpotassium. Nevertheless, it is evident that application of potassium is a key factor in crops growth and quality. Accordingly, to improve crop production in Sudan, research for enhancing utilization of potassium element is needed. Many possible research for future directions have been suggested in the final part of this article.


A great number of fossil scallops were found from the Duho Formation of the Pohang Basin,Korea.Most of the specimens are preserved as slightly altered original carbonate shells,and internal and external molds were also observed in the specimens whose calcareous materials were washed out.In particular, external and internal molds are more frequently observed from the thin and small(less than 1 cm in


This paper presents a strategy to make reactive compensation scheme in wind farms, combing wind power prediction with voltage and reactive power integrated control. Firstly, the wind power can be predicted by using ARIMA model. Secondly, the latter two can be calculated since there is a relationship among active power, reactive power and voltage. Therefore, the reactive compensation scheme can be made according to the voltage variation tendency. Being verified with simulation, the scheme can not only solve the problem of capacitor banks being frequently switched, but also make up for the lacks of capacitors by using SVG to ensure the stability of the bus voltage.


Metal films with two-dimensional periodic arrays of sub-wavelength apertures can exhibit extraordinary optical transmission.In some cases,the transmission enhancement can be three orders of magnitude greater than what is predicted by the standard aperture theory.There has been a great interest in such structured films due to its potential applications in photolithography,near field microscopy and photonic devices.In most of the experiments reported to date,the perforated metal films were fabricated by the focused-ion-beam method,and their transmission enhancement was in the visible and near-infrared regions.According to our research,a stencil mask method can be used to fabricate such perforated metal films.Our experiments demonstrated that the devices made with this method can also induce transmission enhancement in the middleinfrared region.Moreover,large-scale and the cascaded structures can be easily obtained by our method.


This study examined cognitive predictors of susceptibility to orientation illusions: Poggendorff, Ponzo, and Zöllner. It was assumed that lower efficiency of information processing in WM and higher field dependence are conducive to orientation illusions. 61 architects (30 women) aged M = 29, +/– 1.6, and 49 university students (29 women) aged M = 23.53, +/– 4.24, were tested with Witkin's EFT to assess their field dependence; the SWATT method was used as a measure of WM efficiency, and susceptibility to visual illusions was verified with a series of computer tasks. We obtained a small range of the explained variance in the regression models including FDI and WM indicators. On the basis of WM efficiency indicators, we managed to confirm the existence of memory predictors of susceptibility to illusions (they are rather weak, as they explain from 6% to 14% of the variance of the dependent variable). Among the architects, lower efficiency of WM processing (weaker inhibition, task-switching) and higher field dependence are responsible for greater susceptibility to orientation illusions.


Currently, the use of the subway system as a public transportation has been an increasing demand due to the complex transportation structure in Korea. The subway system provides on time arrival and departure, relatively comfortable riding, and convenient access in the metropolitan area. Among several areas of the operation of the subway system, the safety of subway vehicle itself is of important because the rolling stocks carry the passengers, and the safety and reliability of rolling stocks are directly affected for the safety of subway passengers. In this research, various advanced engineering analysis techniques for the precision diagnosis assessment of subway EMUs have been introduced and the diagnosis assessment results have been used to provide the critical information for the lifetime assessment of EMUs.


In the process of management practice of secondary vocational school,Chongqing Lixin Vocational Education Center adopts the humanistic management tactic,regards students and teachers as the subject and actively mobilizes their initiative,enthusiasm and creativity,pays attention to the connotation development,and has formed civilized school spirits and disciplines.Besides,the center also establishes the school-industry-enterprise association and builds a platform for teacher-student development,so as to achieve the goal of teacher-student joint development.


"Surfing through a Sea Change" by Kevin Massey is a good example of how misunderstood and misrepresented clinical pastoral education is even in the professional fields where it is relied upon as the primary educational process. Massey's critique of Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) is significantly misinformed because Massey depends on his idiosyncratic experience of CPE to shape a perception of an entire discipline. I agree that there is a 'sea change' coming in healthcare. However, I believe that Clinical Pastoral Education is not only prepared for that change, but in many ways is leading it. Kevin Massey draws conclusions from his own experience that are then generalized to every program of CPE and further applied to the entire field of educators who are certified by the ACPE. These overgeneralizations seem to be more a reaction to his own experience in CPE than a critical review of the ACPE Standards and Outcomes of Level I and Level II CPE. Massey begins by acknowledging briefly that CPE was personally helpful. Nonetheless, throughout the remainder of the article, Massey calls for substantive changes in CPE because he believes it inadequately prepares individuals for the role of the chaplain in modern healthcare. That new


A wideband low-profile AMC-based patch antenna is proposed in this paper. The novel antenna is composed of a center patch and finite sized AMC cells with microstrip line or embedded strip line methods. The antenna-in-package concepts based on the proposed antenna are introduced. The performance of proposed antenna with two feeding methods is detailed investigated. A prototype to verify the proposed AMC-based patch antenna fed by microstrip line was successfully fabricated with a compact size of 1.2 λ0×1.2 λ0×0.05 λ0 (λ0 is the free space wavelength at 28 GHz). The measured results demonstrate that a wide impedance bandwidth of 17% for |S11| below -10 dB is achieved from 26.9 GHz to 31.9 GHz, and a peak gain of 7.43 dBi is obtained at 31.3 GHz. The proposed antenna and its AiP concepts are fully compatible with the state-of-the-art substrate manufacturing process and high data rate demands for 5G millimeter wave application.


Understanding the determinants of creativity at the individual and organizational level has been the focus of a long history of research in various disciplines from the social sciences, but little attention has been devoted to studying creativity at the dyadic level. Why are some dyadic interactions more likely than others to trigger the generation of novel and useful ideas in organizations? As dyads conduit both knowledge and social forces, they offer an ideal setting to disentangle the effects of knowledge diversity, tie strength, and network structure on the generation of creative thoughts. This paper not only challenges the current belief that sporadic and distant dyadic relationships (weak ties) foster individual creativity but also argues that diverse and strong ties facilitate the generation of creative ideas. From a knowledge viewpoint, our results suggest that ties that transmit a wide (rather than narrow) set of knowledge domains (within the same tie) favor creative idea generation if exchanges occur with sufficient frequency. From a social perspective, we find that strong ties serve as effective catalysts for the generation of creative ideas when they link actors who are intrinsically motivated to work closely together. Finally, this paper also shows that dyadic network cohesion (i.e., the connections from the focal dyad to common contacts) does not always hinder the generation of creative ideas. Our empirical evidence suggests that when cohesion exceeds its average levels, it becomes detrimental to creative idea generation. Hypotheses are tested in a sociometric study conducted within the development department of a software firm.


Objective: To explore the effect of ox-LDL on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts. Methods:ox-LDL was prepareed by copper ion oxidation. Degree of ox-LDL was identified by thiobarbituric. Prepared ox-LDL was configured into different concentrations and added to osteoclasts. The effects on osteoclast proliferation and differentiation were assayed by the method of MTT. Results: The degree of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation differed significantly among the groups of different concentrations of ox-LDL. When ox-LDL concentration was 100 mg / L,150 mg / L and 200 mg /L,osteoclast inhibition rate was 0. 65 ± 0. 732,0. 48 ± 0. 068 and 0. 31 ± 0. 039 respectively,which was significantly lower than those of the control group( 1. 28 ± 0. 147,P 0. 05). The ox-LDL concentration of 25 mg /L and 50 mg /L,the osteoclast inhibition rate was 1. 134 ± 0. 120 and 1. 189 ± 0. 112 respectively( P 0. 05). Conclusion: A certain concentration of ox-LDL can promote proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts.


Gian Fradelizio, a Rice Ph.D. student has completed reprocessing the 3D seismic reflection data acquired at Hill AFB through post-stack depth migration for comparison to the traveltime and waveform tomography results. Zelt, Levander, Fradelizio, and 5 others spent a week at Hill AFB in September 2005, acquiring an elastic wave data set along 2 profiles. We used 60 3-component Galperin mounted 40 Hz geophones recorded by 3 GEOMETRICS Stratavision systems. The seismic source employed was a sledgehammer used to generate transverse, and radial, and vertical point source data. Data processing has begun at Rice to generate S-wave reflection and refraction images. We also acquired surface wave and ground penetrating rada data to complement the elastic wave dataset.


The reliance of humans over machines has never been so high such that from object classification in photographs to adding sound to silent movies everything can be performed with the help of deep learning and machine learning algorithms. Likewise, Handwritten text recognition is one of the significant areas of research and development with a streaming number of possibilities that could be attained. Handwriting recognition (HWR), also known as Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR), is the ability of a computer to receive and interpret intelligible handwritten input from sources such as paper documents, photographs, touch-screens and other devices [1]. Apparently, in this paper, we have performed handwritten digit recognition with the help of MNIST datasets using Support Vector Machines (SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Convolution Neural Network (CNN) models. Our main objective is to compare the accuracy of the models stated above along with their execution time to get the best possible model for digit recognition.


Sir, Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a form of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ. The condition presents as smooth or warty plaques on the vulva which are either erythematous or white in colour. The lesions can be asymptomatic or cause pruritus, vulval pain or sexual dysfunction. The disease is often multi-focal and almost always associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 (1). The incidence of VIN is rising (2), and it is becoming a therapeutic challenge because it is more resistant to standard treatments that cure most forms of cutaneous SCC in situ (Bowen's disease). An association with oncogenic HPV types (e.g. 16 and 18) may explain this difference (3). VIN is segregated into three types (I– III) reflecting an increasing progression of trans-epidermal dysplasia. Severe VIN (III) is premalignant, but a transformation to SCC can take many years. In contrast, VIN I is much easier to treat, but recurrences still occur in all three types. In one retrospective study of 23 genital SCCs in women, 2 were associated with VIN III; however, the majority were associated with chronic lichen sclerosis et atrophicans or lichen planus (4). Standard VIN treatments include 5-fluorouracil (5FU) cream, photodynamic therapy, CO2 laser ablation, cryotherapy and excision. Wide surgical excision – the gold standard treatment – is often complex, disfiguring and expensive (5), but despite this, surgical margins are often positive and high recurrence rates are common. One prospective study of VIN III showed a recurrence rate of 46% post-excision with positive histological margins and a 17% post-excision recurrence with negative histological margins at 7 months follow-up (6). Imiquimod (IMD) 5% cream has been used as a single treatment agent in four published studies and one case report (7–11) (Table I). The most favourable study showed that eight patients with VIN II or III (61%) had a complete regression (9). IMD enhances the development of protective innate antiviral and anti-tumour responses. It induces the local production of interferon-a and tumour necrosis factor and 2'5-oligoadenylate synthetase that confers antiviral protection and it stimulates natural killer cell activity (3, 12). 5-FU targets thymidylate synthase in tumour cells. Its selectivity for neoplastic and dysplastic cells relies upon increased DNA and RNA incorporation of 5-FU by the target cells (13). In this prospective open study we assessed the efficacy of initial treatment with IMD cream followed by 5-FU cream. Any residual VIN or SCC not eliminated by IMD should be targeted by the 5-FU cream. Cure rates were anticipated to be higher than those previously published, where IMD was used alone.


political terror, noting the exemplary conservative usage of Medusa in Burke's Reflections and the British cartoons it spawned. During the 1790s the Medusa functioned fetishistically: as a horrific image of castration, she emblematized the establishment's fear of losing its political and social privileges to the fury of women and the unpropertied classes demanding enfranchisement; but, at the same time, by virtue of the condensation and displacement intrinsic to symbolization, her snaky tresses extrude an apotropaic effect-constellating the male organ's petrifaction upon encountering this image-a stiffening that reassured the masculine establishment of its undiminished authority.2 This nineties' emblem, encapsulating the Revolutionary drama of terror and its containment, materializes in Burke (and later in other conservatives such as Hugo, du Camp, and de Tocqueville), providing, in Hertz's words, an instance of right-wing "intellectual narcissism ..., the wish ... to produce a representation of a complex political situation which would


The transplanting tumor model of mice sarcoma S180 was used to observe the anti-tumor effect of fermentation substance on Tripterygium, such as ethyl acetate part, n-butyl alcohol part, petroleun ether part and water part, and the thymus index and spleen index of mice had been measured. The results showed that all extracts had a significant inhibitory effect on tumor. The tumor inhibitory rates were all above 35% and the n-butyl alcohol part reached 68.88%. The inhibitory effect on tu- mor from low to high is petroleun ether partwater partethyl acetate partn-butyl alcohol part. The thymus index and spleen index indicated that only ethyl acetate part had relatively obvious immunosuppressive effect. The bi-directional solid fermentation can reduce the toxicity of Tripterygium, especially, the n-butyl alcohol part and water part have less toxicity than others.


Complex modelling using Finite element method in iterative optimisation process often yield expensive computation. One of the solution is to replace the expensive finite element analysis with a mathematically simpler model, that is using an approximate relations (Metamodel). Here, the approach is used to characterise the mechanical properties of an anisotropic plate from their corresponding natural frequencies. Radial basis functions model has been chosen for the Metamodel to approximate the finite element model generated in ANSYS 6.1 software. Characterisation process is regarded as an optimisation problem with the objective is to minimise the accumulation of differences between the target frequencies and the updated ones. The use of Metamodel shorten the computation time as well as increase the likelihood of reaching the global minimum. In general, the overall result is reasonably good to predict the mechanical properties of anisotropic plates.


This portion of the Act accomplishes a housekeeping task of cleaning up a portion of chapter 6 of title 19, relating to the inclusion of non-Title IV obligors in income deduction orders. Further, the Act eliminates the fifteennday waiting period previously allotted a child support obligor after an order was entered as an opportunity to contest an income deduction which was issued upon a showing of a onenmonth delinquency. Under the Act, the obligor may request a hearing within fifteen days after receiving notice of delinquency. However, if the obligor does not exercise this right, the income deduction order takes effect without a hearing and without the additional fifteen days which were previously provided to contest the order.


letic tape and leather adhesive. Contact Dermatitis 1991: 24: 281-288. II. Foussereau J, Cavelier C, Selig D. Occupational eczema from para-tertiary-butylphenol formaldehyde resins. A review of the sensitizing resins. Contact Dermatitis 1976: 2: 254--258. 12. Bruze M, Fregert S, Zimerson E. Contact allergy to phenolformaldehyde resins. Contact Dermatitis 1985: 12: 81-86. Contact Dermatitis 1994: 30: 301


Thermal transport in resistive random-access memory (RRAM) is modeled in the set state, where the conductive filament (CF) is approximated by an infinitely long cylinder embedded in crystalline rutile TiO2, a prototypical RRAM material. Determination of the phonon mean free path (MFP) spectrum in TiO2 shows that MFPs are similar to the CF radius, indicating that thermal transport is nondiffusive. We develop an analytical solution to the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) to model the nondiffusive thermal transport in TiO2 and find that the surface temperature rise of the CF predicted by the BTE is larger than that predicted by the heat diffusion equation (e.g., 4x larger for a 1 nm CF radius in a device operating at a temperature of 300 K). We propose a suppressed, effective TiO2 thermal conductivity to more accurately predict the CF temperature rise with the heat diffusion equation.


Day's hydrometer method (1965) is theoretically sound and accurate for particle size analysis, but it is less time efficient which deters its use in routine analysis. A simple modification of the Day hydrometer method has been suggested which considers decay of suspension density proportional to square of particle size and combines Stoke's law. This results in a predictive equation that gives the hydrometer reading as a function of time as follows: where Rj is hydrometer reading at time tj (g/litre); Ri, is initial hydrometer reading at time ti (g/litre); a and b are empirical constants, and B is the slope of the line indicating the relationship between log (a/b - Rj) and log (tj/ti). The procedure used to obtain different constants is given. The results show that the modified Day hydrometer method takes only 2 h to analyze a soil sample as compared to 8 h with Day's hydrometer method. The modified procedure is not only time efficient but is also theoretically sound, accurate, and yields consistent results.


During manufacturing of mixed oxide fuel (MOX) using low enriched uranium (LEU) and thorium for the indigenously designed Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR – LEU), it is expected that there will be a considerable amount of rejected MOX pellets. The rejected MOX pellets will be recycled by wet reject recycle route involving dissolution of rejected pellets followed by the subsequent recovery of uranium and thorium. Dissolution of MOX pellets is carried out under high normality of nitric acid in the presence of fluoride catalyst. The precipitation of the dissolver solution will be precipitated with oxalic acid for the recovery of thorium followed by the recovery of uranium by ADU by addition of ammonia. Treatment of effluent generated from the wet reject recycling of (LEU-Th)O2 mixed oxide fuel (MOX) pellets is required for its safe disposal. The effluent contains ligands like oxalate, fluoride and high concentration of nitrate along with uranium, thoriumand radium making it unsuitable for safe disposal. In the present study the authors have developed treatment methodology for this effluent pertaining to the radionuclides only. The treatment process involves reductive precipitation of uranium by sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) followed by sorption onto an inorganic sorbent monosodium titanate (MST).


OBJECTIVE
To construct a lentiviral vector of RNA interference (RNAi) of murine triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) gene and to explore the effect of TREM-1 on the inflammatory response caused by Bacteroides fragilis.

METHODS
Four target sequences were selected according to murine TREM-1 mRNA sequence, and then 4 pairs of double-strand DNA oligo according to these target sequences and one pair of negative control double-strand DNA oligo were designed and synthesized. These fragments were subcloned into pGCSIL-GFP/Lenti plasmid. After being identified by PCR and sequencing, these plasmids were cotransfected into 293T cells to package lentiviral particles. The lentiviral vector particles were transfected into Raw 264.7 cells and TREM-1 expression in the transfected cells was assayed by real-time PCR and ELISA. Different concentrations of Bacteroides fragilis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were administered in the Raw264.7 cells, and the cells were stimulated with LPS for 12 h. TREM-1 expression was determined by real-time PCR and ELISA at the time points.

RESULTS
PCR and sequencing confirmed that lentiviral vectors had the correct structure and could express high titer of virus. After being transfected into Raw264.7 cells, TREM-1 expression was knocked down significantly by all of these lentiviral vectors at both protein and mRNA levels, and the pGCSIL-GFP/Lenti-1 had the most efficient interference. TREM-1 was upregulated in the presence of Bacteroides fragilis LPS, and this increase was partly abrogated in the TREM-1 siRNA-treated cell models of endotoxemia, depending on the sequence.

CONCLUSION
The lentivirus RNAi vector of TREM-1 was constructed successfully. The lentivirus RNAi vector of TREM-1 can inhibit the expression of TREM-1 in the murine endotoxemia model caused by Bacteroides fragilis LPS.


Background. At the present time there are no objective methods that enable definition of the mechanisms of blood pressure elevation in a particular patient. Objective. Based on the results of blood pressure and heart rate measures to find new additional features that could help a differentiated management approach. Design and methods. Literature analysis, model formation and analysis, statistical analysis were performed. Results. The new criteria based on the measurements of blood pressure and heart rate are offered. A new way of reporting the results of blood pressure measurements, and a new computer program for analyses observations with the probability characteristics are offered. Conclusions. The present result can be used for the assessment of blood pressure dynamics, and for check-up of the working hypotheses.


The development of the financial industry has played a critical role in Taiwan's economic development. Having undergone two financial reforms, Taiwan has significantly improved the Competitiveness of its financial institutions. Therefore, Taiwan's performance in terms of its global competitiveness ranking, as published by the IMD and WEF, has been satisfactory. The signing of a Memorandum of Understanding on Cross-Strait Financial Supervisory Cooperation between Taiwan and China on financial services, and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement benefits Taiwan's financial sector. Moreover, Taiwan's financial industry will gain more favorable competition conditions in Mainland China than foreign banks, which will be conducive to increasing its financial competitiveness.


1. Method for the early uptake of light emitted from a target source at a distance of unacamara imaging works in association with a processor for monitoring deuna flight operation of an aircraft, comprising the following steps: use the camera imaging that operates in response to a timing signal producidapor a system of global navigation to capture a sequence of image frames of a scene, whichthe target source is contained, issuing the target source light that is modulated in response to lasenal timing to produce a light emitting modulated target source with a demodulation reason, and allowing the timing signal capturing the frame sequence imagenescon a reason that is synchronized with the rate modulation and a known multiple thereof; applying multiple known to which a value that is set to the frame sequence imagenesincluya first and second sets of images that represent, respectively, information sceneof background that includes the light emission of the modulated target source and information of background scene noincluye that the light emission of the modulated target source; and using a readout electronics for processing the first and second sets of images to extract lainformacion of background scene from temporally corresponding images of the first and segundoconjuntos and obtain, in this way, image information processed from which uptake laemision light of the modulated target source can be performed by a processor to allow lamonitorizacion of flight operation of an aircraft.


Abstract This paper is a preliminary report on development of a screening method for carbohydrate‐specific phage antibodies against recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), using a phage display antibody library. rHuEPO was oxidized with sodium periodate or treated with 1,4‐dithiothreitol and guanidine hydrochloride for detecting the specificity of obtained phage antibodies. Of 100 phage clones, three initially showed higher carbohydrate‐related specificity. One of them (No. 62) bound specifically to the carbohydrate chains of rHuEPO, while the other two (Nos. 63 and 83) might recognize the steric conformation related to both the carbohydrate and the polypeptide chain of rHuEPO. These phage antibodies may serve as useful capture ligands for future development of efficient analytical methods for rHuEPO.


If you have a learning disability, Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) might be used to support you.PBS is intended to teach helpful behaviours in place of unhelpful ones, and increase your quality of life. It should be available for your whole life in everywhere you might be.We followed up on 16 people who had PBS intervention that ended in 2018.As a group, their scores on our main measure (HoNOS-LD) were still better than when we first met them.Two people had died (12 per cent), 10 people still showed challenging behaviours (62 per cent), and 4 (25 per cent) did not. The four that did not weren't receiving PBS any more.


A permanent magnet intelligent circuit breaker controller can capture reliable and accurate parameters of actual circuit.Based on it,a current and voltage data acquisition system was designed based on TMS320F2812 DSP chip.By comparing several different accesses of current,voltage RMS methods,the FFT algorithm was applied in the data acquisition system,and a new instantaneous protection algorithm based on the three-dot slip window and improved differential coefficient method was presented.The design of signal conditioning circuit with Multisim simulation software was detailed,the current transformer(CT) group detection strategy was demonstrated and finally the data acquisition system software design was presented.The practice shows that the system has good performance in sampling rate and precision,and is able to meet the requirements of intelligent circuit breaker on the data collection.


The periodic table is an essential topic in the teaching and learning of science at all education levels, as it contains information about the main physical and chemical properties of the different...


Autistic people and people with other developmental disabilities (DD) are at high likelihood for anxiety and depression, which can negatively affect adult life. Therefore, this study sought to understand temporal links between anxiety and depression over time in autistic adults and adults with DDs, and how these conditions impact specific aspects of positive well‐being. A sample of 130 adults with autism or other DDs and their caregivers were drawn from a longitudinal study. Participants complete measures of anxiety (Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale), depression (Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd Edition), and well‐being (Scales of Psychological Well‐Being). Cross‐lagged panel analyses revealed significant autoregressive effects for anxiety and depressive symptoms over time, based on both caregiver and self‐report (all p < 0.01). Additionally, although findings differed across reporter, cross‐lagged links between anxiety and depression emerged over time. Based on caregiver‐report, anxiety symptoms predicted later depressive symptoms (p = 0.002) but depressive symptoms did not predict later anxiety (p = 0.10); the opposite pattern was identified for self‐report. Aspects of positive well‐being (purpose in life, self‐acceptance, personal growth) demonstrated differential links with anxiety and depression (p = 0.001–0.53). These findings highlight the utility of a transdiagnostic approach to mental health services for autistic adults and adults with DDs, and the need to monitor for anxious or depressive symptoms in autistic adults and adults with DDs presenting with depression or anxiety, respectively.


Sorghum is one of the important crops of dry land agriculture. In a systematic breeding programme, collection and evaluation of germplasm is the first step. Variability is the prerequisite for the effective selection. The success of any crop improvement programme not only depends on the amount of genetic variability present in the population but also on the extent to which it is heritable, which sets the limit of progress that can be achieved through selection(Narasimharao et al., 1964).Knowledge of heritability influences the choice of selection procedures used by the plant breeder to decide which selection methods would be most useful to improve the character, to predict gain from selection and to determine the relative importance of genetic effects. Characters with high heritability can easily be fixed with simple selection resulting in quick progress. (Mallinath et al., 2004).Genetic advance shows the degree of gain obtained in a character under a particular selection pressure. High genetic advance coupled with high heritability estimates offers the most suitable condition for selection Kalpande et al., (2015). The correlation study among quantitative traits is important for assessing the feasibility of joint selection of two or more traits and hence for evaluating the effect of selection for secondary traits on genetic gain for the primary trait under consideration.Kalpande et al., (2015) A positive genetic correlation between two desirable traits makes the job of the plant breeder easy for improving both traits simultaneously Dapke etal., (2014). Path coefficient analysis was performed to qualify the direct and indirect contributors of yield. Therefore the present investigation was undertaken to study the genetic variability, relationships among quantitative traits and Path coefficient analysis in selected genotypes of sorghum.


This chapter explores martyr accounts. Scholars traditionally divide these texts into two types: narrative representations of the suffering and death of martyrs (the so-called passiones) on the one hand, and dramatic representations of the trial preceding this (the so-called acta or praxeis), on the other. The exact semantic range of both labels is debated, but in any case the distinction does not capture the textual reality in its full complexity: even the predominantly narrative texts often contain an interrogation scene, whereas most so-called acta always have a narrative frame, however minimal it may be. In addition, there is no formal unity across the board. This chapter first addresses some of the intellectual premisses that in traditional scholarship on martyr acts were for a long time conducive of historical questions, much to the detriment of the study of these texts as narratives in their own right. The chapter then observes that many martyr acts recount not only the deaths of their protagonists but also cover (parts of) their preceding lives, and it explores how these texts adopt and adapt narrative and rhetorical protocols from traditional life-writing to shape the lives of their protagonists. Finally, attention is paid briefly to the thematic cluster of erotic love, desire, marriage, and the preservation of chastity that drives many such narrative elaborations. It is concluded that whereas research on these texts has long been driven by historical interests, they are also treasure-troves for scholars interested in narrative in general and life-writing in particular.


Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and depression with the mediating role of executive functions (EFs) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive correlational study included all patients with RRMS who were referred to Tehran neurologists in the summer of 2021 and among them, 208 samples who were eligible to enter the study, were selected via available sampling methods. To collect data, Krupp et al.'s (1988) fatigue severity scale (FSS), Nejati's cognitive abilities (NCA), and Beck depression inventory (II-BDI) were used. Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data. Results: Of seven subscales of EFs, the subscales of working memory, inhibitory control, selective attention, planning, and cognitive flexibility, which are called "cold" processes of EFs, were approved as mediators at the level (P<0.001), but the subscales of cognitive functioning, decision-making, and controlled attention, which are hot functions and require emotional awareness and regulation of personal social behaviors and decision-making with emotional and personal interpretation and empathy, were not approved as mediating roles. The results also showed that in patients with RRMS, there was a significant relationship between CFS and depression, between CFS and EFs, and between EFs and depression (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study can be used in cognitive rehabilitation to improve EFs and consequently improve depression in patients with MS.


Furnaces are best reliable and operated with good thermal Efficiency and performance. Production and manufacturing is incomplete without foundry processes, hence, good melting operations become vital for casting. Copular furnace of 200kg capacity was designed and tested, parameters – insulation with bricks and clay; vortex cyclone effect blowing with motor of 5HP 2880 RPM ,good charging method , back pressure enhancement and maintaining steady supply of voltage are necessary for high thermal efficiency and performance where non defective products are guaranteed with the shortest resident time. The internal multiphase fluid flow analysis and ambient air flow condition are not left out as they affect heat transfer coefficients and thermal stress built up in the shell of the copular furnace due to temperature difference between inner surface and the outside the shell. Heat lost by emission of exhaust gases is minimized for improved thermal efficiency and performance.


This thesis includes two main chapters. Chapter 2 is entiled as "Equity Swaps in a LIBOR Market Model" and Chapter 3 is entitled as "Cross-Currency Equity Swaps in a LIBOR Market in a Model". The conclusions of this thesis are made in Chapter 4.

In Chapter 2, we extends the BGM (Brace, Gatarek and Musiela (1997))interest rate model (the LIBOR market model) by incorporating the stock price dynamics under the martingale measure. As compared with traditional interest rate models, the extended BGM model is easy to calibrate the model parameters and appropriate for pricing equity
swaps. The general framework for pricing equity swaps is proposed and applied to the pricing of floating-for-equity swaps with either constant or variable notional principals. The calibration procedure and the practical implementation are also discussed.

In Chapter 3, under the arbitrage-free framework of HJM, we
simultaneously extends the BGM model (the LIBOR market model) from a single-currency economy to a cross-currency case and incorporates the stock price dynamics under the martingale measure. The resulting model is very general for pricing almost every kind of (cross-currency) equity swaps traded in OTC markets. The calibration procedure and the hedging strategies are also provided in this paper for practical operation. The pricing formulas of the equity swaps with either a constant or a variable notional principal and with hedged or un-hedged exchange rate risk are derived and discussed as examples.


6564Background: Efficacy measured in cancer medication randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may not accurately predict real-world effectiveness. We measured the relationship between RCT efficacy and real-world effectiveness in two cases: first using RCT overall survival (OS) endpoints and next using RCT progression-free survival (PFS) or time to progression (TTP) endpoints from RCTs evaluating the same therapies. Methods: We measured cancer treatment efficacy relative to control using 28 phase III RCTs that reported both OS and either PFS or TTP endpoints in five tumor sites (breast, colorectal, lung, ovary, and pancreas). We estimated real-world OS benefit as the mortality hazard ratio (MHR) among real-world patients meeting RCT exclusion/inclusion criteria and using one of the relevant treatment or control therapies in Surveillance and Epidemiology End Results (SEER)-Medicare data (1991-2010). MHRs were calculated by fitting a Cox proportional hazard model to the SEER-Medicare data adjusting for patient ...


A method for receiving a plurality of data signals in a communication system multiple access code division, with at least one data signal transmitted over a plurality of antennas each transmitting antenna at least one data signal using a code different channel, the method comprising: receiving a received vector including the plurality of transmitted data signals; estimating a channel response for each of the data signals; producing channel codes, the channel codes being a combination of a real spreading code, scrambling code and a sign complex of a specific multiplier channel code specific multipliers having the channel code real and imaginary values; determining real and imaginary components of an approximate hermitian system response matrix using the channel codes and the channel responses; applying a real / imaginary aspect of the specific channel code multiplier to the real and imaginary components of the approximate hermitian system response matrix to derive the hermitian of the system response matrix; and estimating the data using the received vector and the constructed hermitian of the system response matrix.


C24H16Mo3N4O9, monoclinic, C121 (no. 5), a = 14.952(2) Å, b = 9.691(1) Å, c = 10.306(1) Å, 0 = 118.107(1)°, V = 1317.3 Å, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.021, wRref(F) = 0.044, T = 293 K. Source of material A mixture of Na2MoO4 · 2H2O (1.6 mmol), Na2SO3 (2.5 mmol), N2H4 ·H2SO4 (0.8mmol),TiO2 (0.5 mmol), 1,10-phen (0.3 mmol) andH2O (13 mL) was adjusted to pH = 5.25 with 6MHCl.After stirring for 4 hours, the mixture was sealed in a 30 mL Teflonlined autoclave and kept at 180 °C for 4 days.Cooling themixture to room temperature, light-yellow block-shaped crystals of the title compound were isolated. Discussion Many metal-oxides-based organic-inorganic hybrid materials have been synthesized for recent years [1-4], it was owing to their potential applications in catalysis, material science, magnetochemistry and other important areas [5-8].Hereinwe describe the crystal structure of a one-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid, (C12H8N2)2Mo3O9, or (1,10-phen)2Mo3O9, whose parts of structure data were already reported [9], but atomic parameters are neither listed in [9] nor available in the CCDC.At the same time, the molybdenum source we used is Na2MoO4 · 2H2O, instead of (Bu4N)2Mo6O19, which indicates that the title compound can be synthesized not only from isopolymolybdate but also from simple molybdate, and the crystal color is also different. The structural unit of the title compound consists of one [MoO4] tetrahedron and two [MoO4N2] octahedra. In the [MoO4N2] octahedra, the Mo atoms are coordinated by two terminal O atoms, two bridging O atoms and two N atoms from the 1,10-phen ligands, to present a distorted octahedral coordination environment, withMo—O bond distances vary from 1.687(3)Å to 2.001(3)Å, and the twoMo–N bond lengths are 2.346(4) Å and 2.354(4) Å, respectively.Mo2 was tetra-coordinated by fourO atoms to give a distorted tetrahedral geometry (the Mo2—O bond lengths are 1.688(4)Å and 1.796(3)Å, forO4 andO4A,O5 andO5A are also symmetry equivalent), and it bridges two [MoO4N2] octahedra via two %2-O atoms. In summary, all the O atoms in one (C12H8N2)2Mo3O9 unit can be categorized to three sets: i) terminal oxygen atoms, including O1, O2, O5, O1A, O2A and O5A, ii) bridging oxygen atoms shared by one [MoO4] tetrahedron and one [MoO4N2] octahedron, such as O4 and O4A, iii) O3 and O3A, each one bridges two [MoO4N2] octahedra from different (C12H8N2)2Mo3O9 units, thus an infinite chain containing one [MoO4] tetrahedron and two [MoO4N2] octahedra alternately is formed. For the &-& interaction among the phen planes, the 1,10phenanthroline rings coordinated with Mo atoms are approximately parallel to each other. The chains are also parallel to each other forming a pseudo two-dimensional network. Z. Kristallogr. NCS 221 (2006) 503-504 / DOI 10.1524/ncrs.2006.0174 503 © by OldenbourgWissenschaftsverlag,München Crystal: light-yellow block, size 0.13 × 0.15 × 0.18 mm Wavelength: Mo K/ radiation (0.71073 Å) %: 14.66 cm−1 Diffractometer, scan mode: Rigaku R-AXIS IV, #/) 2'max: 50.1° N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique: 3458, 1670 Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt: Iobs > 2 ((Iobs), 1628 N(param)refined: 182 Programs: SHELXS-97 [10], SHELXL-97 [11], teXsan [12] Table 1. Data collection and handling.


A new diimide–diacid monomer, N,N′-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4′-oxydiphthalimide (I), was prepared by azeotropic condensation of 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) and p-aminobenzoic acid (p-ABA) at a 1:2 molar ratio in a polar solvent mixed with toluene. A series of poly(amide–imide)s (PAI, IIIa–m) was synthesized from the diimide–diacid I (or I′, diacid chloride of I) and various aromatic diamines by direct polycondensation (or low temperature polycondensation) using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. It was found that only IIIk–m having a meta-structure at two terminals of the diamine could afford good quality, creasable films by solution-casting; other PAIs III using diamine with para-linkage at terminals were insoluble and crystalline; though IIIg–i contained the soluble group of the diamine moieties, their solvent-cast films were brittle. In order to improve their to solubility and film quality, copoly(amide–imide)s (Co-PAIs) based on I and mixtures of p-ABA and aromatic diamines were synthesized. When on equimolar of p-ABA (m = 1) was mixed, most of Co-PAIs IV had improved solubility and high inherent viscosities in the range 0.9–1.5 dl g−1; however, their films were still brittle. With m = 3, series V was obtained, and all members exhibited high toughness. The solubility, film-forming ability, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the resultant poly(amide–imide)s were investigated.

© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry


Isidore de Seville and Julian of Toledo, each in a particular political context, were the two historiogra phers who used the term Hispania as a synonym for the kingdom of Toledo. This innovation did not come to replace the traditional established formula rex, gens vel patria Gothorum used in official documents to define what we nowadays would call the state. Nevertheless Isidore and Julian's term had an important influence on the development of their contemporaries' understanding of the relationship between God, the king and his people. This concept was so strong that it influenced important decisions within the church and the monarchy. In Asturian times it even served as a means of explaining the destruction of the Visigothic kingdom. One can observe in Asturian historiography that this term was frequently used in the older parts of the chronicles, whilst in the newer ones from the end of the 9 th and beginning of the 10 th century its influence can hardly be detected. Hispania changed from being a term for the lost kingdom of the Goths –that had included the whole Iberian peninsula– into an synonym exclusively for the region dominated by Muslims.


Cond. in polymer-salt complexes is known to be influenced by the concn. of the defects and their mobility. The defect concn. can be increased by exposing them to high energy ionizing radiations. We report here the results of the effect of electron beam irradn. on the cond. of two polymer-salt complexes viz., PEG-2000:NH4l and PEG2000:NH4NO3. The irradn. results in the increase of ionic cond. The cond. variation as a function of salt concn. shows a characteristic double peak as expected.


March 23-26, 1980. Brussels, Belgium. EURIM 4: a European conference on innovation in primary publication: impact on producers and users. Organized by ASLIB, 3 Belgrave Square, London SW1X 8PL, UK. May, 5-9, 1980. St. Louis, Missouri, USA. 25th annual convention of the International Reading Association. May 6 -10, 1980. Bellagio, Italy. FID/ICA/IFLA policy meeting. May 18-22, 1980. Stockholm, Sweden. Congress of the International Publishers Association. For registration: Stockholm Convention Bureau, Jakobs Torg 3, Stockholm, Sweden. May, 18-23, 1980. Acapulco, Mexico. XXX International Conference on Communication. Theme: Human evolution and development. For information: Dept. of Communication, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. June 2--6, 1980. Copenhagen, Denmark. Seminar on &dquo;Planning and Design of Library Interiors&dquo;. Organized by the IFLA Section on Library Buildings. For further information: P. Schoots, Municipal Library, Nieuwe Markt 1, 3001 Rotterdam, Netherlands. June 15-21, 1980. Warsaw, Poland. International Seminar on the book and the library within the society. Joint seminar of The Books and Readers Institute of the Polish National Library and the IFLA Section on Theory and Research. June 20-22, 1980. Brussels, Belgium. Second World Symposium on International Documentation. For information: Unitar, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneve 10, Switzerland.


Oxygen containing silicon nitride( Si3N4) ceramic fibers prepared by pyrolysis of γ-ray irradiation curing polycarbosilane( PCS) precursor fibers were heat treated in inert atmosphere. Thermal stability of the Si3N4 ceramic fibers in inert atmosphere was characterized by tensile strength testing,volume density testing,XRD,SEM,TG-DSC and elemental analysis. The degradation mechanisms of the ceramic fibers were discussed. The results showed that the oxygen containing silicon nitride ceramic fibers retained 93% strength when treated at 1200 ℃ and showed a compact microstructure. The tensile strength decreased sharply when the heat treated temperature exceeded 1200 ℃ because of micro defect derived from the decomposition of Si NxOyphase. At the temperature of 1400 ℃,the silicon nitride ceramic fibers lost their mechanical properties completely and transformed from amorphous state into α-Si3N4 crystalline. The SiO2 generated from the decomposition of Si NxOyphase at high temperature were gathered as liquid shape and made the ceramic fibers melt together. The SiO and N2 generated from the decomposition of SiNxOyphase firstly caused the weight loss,and made the oxygen content decrease and nitrogen increase.


The simultaneous measurements of atmospheric HCOOH, CH3COOH H2O2, organic peroxides, HCHO, CH3CHO and isoprene made in the Venezuelan savannah region, in the wet season (September, 1993) and during the period of high solar irradiation is reported. The average concentrations (in ppbv) between 10:00 and 16:00 were: HCOOH 0.75±0.32, CH3COOH 0.56±0.28, H2O2 1.37±0.48, the total peroxides 1.83±0.60, HCHO 1.38± .43, CH3CHO 0.35±0.15, and isoprene 2.18±0.78. A good correlation was observed between the concentrations (15 min averages) of both acids. The acids also correlate with isoprene (the most abundant olefin in the savannah atmosphere), H2O2 and the total peroxides. HCOOH also correlates well with HCHO and CH3CHO. These results support the hypothesis that significant amount of formic and acetic acids are produced in the tropical atmosphere as a result of the oxidation of reactive hydrocarbons.


Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections remain amajor cause of morbidityafter solid organ transplantation (SOT) and allogeneic stemcell transplantation (SCT). The emergence of CMV resistanceto antivirals causes an increasing problem in transplantrecipients, complicating therapeutic and clinical management. We are reporting the first three transplant recipients who have CMV ganciclovir (GCV) resistance assessed by UL97viral gene sequencing in Turkey. Materials and Methods: Cytomegalovirus infection was monitored by quantitative viral DNA real-time PCR (Abbott Molecular) in plasmain transplant recipients, and CMV DNA positiveswas assessed by UL97 viral gene sequencing (ABI 3130) for GCV resistance. Results: After starting to look for UL97 GCV resistance in our center (since April 2012) we detected first renal transplantation and heart transplantation recipients who had CMV mutations in Turkey. Again the stemcell transplant recipient is the first case for pediatric stemcell transplantation having UL97 GCV resistant strain in our country. Conclusion: The start of VGCV maintenance treatmentafter an intravenous curative treatment while CMV DNA is still detectable in peripheral blood mightrepresent a risk factor for the emergence of CMV resistance. Our findings indicate that resistance to widely used ganciclovir as therapy, preemptive and prophylaxis should be monitored carefully in transplant recipients.


Research purposes to analyze the efficiency of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia during the period 2015 – 2019. The object of this research is Sharia Commercial Banks consisting of Bank Muamalat, BRI Syariah Bank, Mega Syariah Bank, Bukopin Syariah Bank, BNI Syariah Bank and BCA Syariah Bank. This study uses the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The input variables used in this study are total assets, savings and other operational costs, while the output variables used are securities owned and other operating income. The results of the study show that BRI Syariah Bank and BNI Syariah Bank are inefficiency or inefficient, apart from these banks, namely Bank Muamalat, Bank Mega Syariah, Bank Syariah Bukopin, and Bank BCA Syariah are all efficient. The results of this study are expected to be able to contribute both theoretically and practically in increasing the efficiency of Islamic commercial banks.
Keywords: Efficiency, Total Assets, Islamic Commercial Banks, DEA


A complex of copper and N,N'bis(5chlorosalicylidene)ethylenediamine was synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by singlecrystal Xray diffraction method. The crystal belongs to triclinic system, space group P1- with a=0.832 85(1) nm, b=0.951 70(4) nm, c=1.093 04(4) nm, α=115.130(2)°, β=94.694(2)°, γ=101.127(2)°,V=0.756 42(4) nm 3, formula C_ 16H_ 12Cl_ 2CuN_ 2O_ 2, M_ r=398.72, Z=2,Dc=1.751 g/cm 3. In the complex, the copper atom is coordinated by two nitrogen atoms and two phenolic oxygen atoms in a squareplane manner.


To evaluate possible disorders of regional myocardial blood flow in patients with chest pain syndromes and normal coronary arteriograms, we studied 21 patients with intracoronary injections of Xenon-133. Thirteen patients were restudied during an intervention: 6 patients received glyceryl trinitrate and 7 patients had contrast agent-induced hyperaemia. Patients were divided into 3 clinical groups: 7 patients had classic angina, 7 patients had a mixture of typical and atypical chest pain, and 7 patients had entirely atypical pain. A wide range of normal values for regional myocardial blood flow at rest was noted (41 to 128 ml/min per 100 g, with an average regional myocardial blood flow of 77 ml/min per 100 g ± 7 (mean ± SEM)). There were no significant differences between the 3 groups. With contrast hyperaemia, regional myocardial blood flow increased 164 per cent, while with glyceryl trinitrate, it decreased 31 per cent. Again, there was no statistical difference among the groups. Regional abnormalities offlow (> 15% difference between distal quadrants) were noted in 3 of 34 measurements. Two patients had heterogeneity of flow at rest by quadrant analysis but no focal perfusion abnormalities detected by functional imaging. Interestingly, both patients had positive exercise tests. Another patient had regional differences only during contrast-induced hyperaemia. Our findings suggest that most patients with chest pain syndromes and normal coronary arteriograms-even those with classic angina-do