The topic of diversity in public administration tends to be approached as a necessary response to change. Much of the literature focuses on the need for the creation of diverse organizations in order to respond to changes in the demographic characteristics of the U.S. population in general (Pitts & Wise, 2010) and to changes in the makeup of the workforce through the inclusion of women and minorities as well as the effects of aging baby boomers (Selden & Selden, 2001), changes in attitudes toward affirmative action (Selden, 2006), and changes in the cultural and ethnic identification of people using public services. Organizations have dealt with the impact of these changes through implementation of a variety of diversity programs and policies (Pitts, 2009). Change is a good reason to pay attention to diversity issues, but it does not tell the entire story. The second edition of Mitchell Rice's edited work, Diversity and Public Administration: Theory, Issues, and Perspectives, expands the diversity discussion to include issues of culture, social equity, administrative neutrality, and organizational efficiency and effectiveness. Rather than simply making a case for diversity based on population changes, Rice and his contributors explore the meaning of diversity management and cultural competence in the public sector, critique the status quo, and offer ideas and rationales for diversity on the basis of equity in order to improve organizational decision making, performance, and efficiency.


The article describes the background and the reasons of return of ethnic Germans who emigrated to Germany in the 1990s and 2000s to Russia. The article analyzes the works of Russian and foreign scholars who researched the theoretical aspects of re-emigration. The scholars note that the re-emigration factors can vary widely and its study is important for implementing efficient migration policy in Russia. The article reviews the results of the research project regarding the re-emigration of the ethnic Germans from Russia to the Altai Territory. The immigrants' personal characteristics were proved important in the process of decision-making concerning re-emigration. It was indicated that the emigrants face difficulties in adaptation: «longing for home», poor command of the language, lack of occupational work, reduced financial support, etc. It is obvious that the existing self-identity plays a certain role in preventing the emigrants from full integration into the new cultural community. The scholars suppose that the main reasons of re-emigration are not haphazard but they are typical for this group of emigrants as they are determined by the history of the studied ethnic group and current ethnic and cultural politics of Russia and Germany.


✓ This survey reports the current use of pharmacological prophylaxis for posttraumatic epilepsy by 1064 board-certified neurosurgeons. Sixty per cent use anticonvulsants preventively, but under a variety of conditions. The indications for therapy were usually either severe head trauma with penetration of the dura or profound evidence of cortical contusion. Few patients were treated for minimal blunt injuries. Thirty-four per cent of respondents were uncertain of the indications for prophylatic treatment. The drug regimens were based on individual experience in 90.7% of responses and were aimed principally at pretreatment of clinical phenomena rather than true prophylaxis of the epileptogenic process. Diphenylhydantoin, 300 mg/day, was the preventive treatment recommended by more than 50% of those reporting, but the duration of therapy varied widely.


In health care organizations, supply chain is a new way of conceptualizing medical supply management. A supply chain is defined as " a virtual network that facilitates the movement of product from its production, distribution, and consumption " (McFadden and Leahy, 2000). In considering supply chains, health care managers are not only concerned with how much of each type of supply, and when, they need to purchase and carry in their stockrooms (inventory) to effectively serve their patients; they also are concerned with their relationships with the companies at the upstream source of the products to minimize their overall costs in supply management. The health care manager, as a leader of the provider link in this chain, is in a strategic position and should facilitate collaborative partnerships with the adjacent links of the chain. Let us closely examine the various links in a supply chain from the prospective of a health care provider. Figure 11.1 depicts the conceptualization of a health care supply chain identifying the upstream and downstream links with respect to providers. Upstream in the next place on the chain lie distributors, who purchase the drugs, medical and surgical devices from the manufacturers and who comprise wholesalers , group purchasing organizations (GPOs) and e-distributors. Downstream are the end users of, or payers for, the products. Providers are those who decide


Abstract Small amounts of a number of alloying materials were added to Type 304 stainless steel in an effort to improve its corrosion resistance to superheated steam at 650 C (1202 F), 42 kg/cm2. Aluminum and siliconwere valuable additions, but the amount of aluminum required to reduce the corrosion rate significantly embrittled the alloy. Type 304 containing about 3w/oSi appeared to be a practical alloy. In a similar fashion, the addition of about 3w/oAl to Incoloy 800 greatly improved its resistance to static superheated steam. Films stripped from samples corroded in steam with various prior surface preparations were examined by electron microscopy and chemical analysis in an attempt to clarify the reasons for differing corrosion behavior. It was concluded that the rapid diffusion of chromium into the corrosion films formed on mechanically worked surfaces is the key factor in the improved corrosion resistance of these surfaces.


The photocrosslinking of 1,4-polybutadiene with various α-thiocyanatoketones 1 as photoinitiators was examined. An excimer laser (308 nm) was used as light source, the samples were irradiated with an intensity of 6,2 mJ per pulse per cm2 under exclusion of oxygen. As initiators were used: phenacyl thiocyanate (1a), 1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl thiocyanate (1b), 1-oxo-2-indanyl thiocyanate (1c), α-phenylphenacyl thiocyanate (1d), 2-naphthoylmethyl thiocyanate (1e) and 3-phenanthrylcarbonylmethyl thiocyanate (1f). 1,4-Polybutadiene samples that contained 20 mmol of initiator per 100 g were irradiated with 200 to 1000 pulses. 1a and 1b showed the highest crosslinking efficiency. The photochemistry of 1a in solution (2-propanol, benzene and (Z,Z)-1,5-cyclooctadiene) was investigated. Analysis of the photochemical reaction products by combination of gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) confirmed that the radical cleavage into benzoylmethyl and thiocyanato radicals is the first step of the reaction. Tetrafunctional crosslinks in allyl position were found in traces by means of metathesis degradation followed by GC/MS.


The invention discloses a method for preparing a silica-based gallium arsenide material structure applied to an n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (nMOS). The method comprises the following steps of: 1, growing a silicon dioxide layer on a silicon substrate 1; 2, etching a plurality of trenches along the direction of the silicon substrate on the silicon dioxide layer by adopting conventional photoetching and aspect ratio trapping (RIE) methods; 3, washing the trenches by using piranha, SC2, hydrogen fluoride (HF) and de-ionized water to remove residual silicon dioxide layer at the bottom of each trench and expose the silicon substrate; 4, growing gallium arsenide (GaAs) buffer layers in the trenches by adopting a low voltage metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method, and growing GaAs top layers on the GaAs buffer layers in the trenches; and 5, polishing the parts, above the trenches, of the GaAs top layers to make the GaAs top layers flush with the silicon dioxide layer to finish preparing the material structure by adopting a chemical mechanical polishing method.


LevelⅠⅡ proofs of Evidence-based medicine support the safety of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer. The accurate staging of axilla, the axillary recurrence rate and complication, radiologic safety and the new indications of SLNB were discussed respectively.


Lu and colleagues' study contains four substantial flaws, any of which would be fatal to the authors' premise that Food and Drug Administration warnings about suicide risks of antidepressants led to an increase in suicidal behaviours.1

Firstly, the authors acknowledge that the insurance claims data on which they rely is generally not suitable for detecting …


The development of material technology is growing rapidly, especially in the manufacturing industry. One of the materials that are most often used and developed today is composite materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the pattern of laminate arrangement on the distribution of stress and tensile strain in perforated CFRP composites. The research method carried out is tensile testing using abaqus software, the specimen is designed with 8 laminates and the fiber direction is varied. The specimens were made with the ASTM D 5766 test standard and the properties used were carbon fiber composite type T800S/3900-2B. From the tensile test simulation results, it is found that the highest stress value in the composite with variations in fiber direction 0°, 45°, -45°, 90°, 90°, -45°, 45°, 0° the maximum stress value reaches 356.9 N/ mm², while the smallest stress occurs in the composite fiber direction 0°, 0°, 0°, 0°, 0°, 0°, 0°, 0° with the maximum stress value reaching 165.7 N/mm. The highest stress and strain that occurs in each specimen is located at the edge of the hole perpendicular to the direction of the force, the stress and strain increase based on variations in the direction of the fiber in the composite, the farther the orientation of the fiber direction to the direction of the applied force, the greater the stress concentration that occurs also.Keywords: Tensile test, CFRP composite, abaqus software


This study aims to analyze the role of leadership in improving performance through organizational commitment, motivation, and job satisfaction of village employees. This research is survey research. This study used primary data. The sample in this study was 100 villages. The sampling technique is using the census method. The data was obtained from the results of the distribution of questionnaires. The analytical tool in this study is regression. The results showed that there is a significant leadership relationship against organizational commitment, motivation, and job satisfaction. Leadership, organizational commitment, motivation, and job satisfaction were substantial to performance. The total R 2 of 0.989 indicates the Performance Assessment from the variables of Leadership, Organizational Commitment, Motivation, and Job Satisfaction is 98.9%. Job satisfaction is the most effective variable in improving performance because it has the most significant importance.


Study to investigate the relationship investigate the relationship between personality traits of teacher with learning style (adaptation Finder) students from three area secondary teachers' views of the academic year has been 93–92. For this purpose, a sample of 41 high school students who were selected randomly cluster multistage. Kolb has been learning style questionnaire Data collecting tool. Reliability of questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha, respectively, 0/89, respectively. Methods of testing with a group pre-test and post-test. The results showed that the mean pre-test and post-test scores finder there is a matching style. These findings suggest that personality traits has increased teacher learning style adapter


The PowerPC 603 is the first low-power processor in a large family of processors being built on the PowerPC architecture. This superscalar processor is optimized for lowpower, low-cost applications in the PC and laptop markets. Built using a 0 . 5 p , quad-level-metal CMOS process, the 603 features 3.3V operation with 2.5W typical power dissipation at full speed. It comes in 240-pin ceramic quad flat pack and 256 ball-grid array packages, and operates at 85 SPECint92 and 85 SPECfp92 at 80 MHz. A number of system vendors will soon be announcing platforms using the 603, running a wide range of operating systems-Apple's System 7, Microsoft's Windows NT, IBM's AM, and Sunsoft's Solaris. Figure A shows the 1.6million transistor, 7.4X11.5-mm die. The PowerPC 603 superscalar microprocessor features:


Speech signal is one of the major means for communication which carries not only semantic, but personal information, such as genders and emotions. The researches about speech emotion have become more and more important to human-computer interaction. To this end, from speech, the long-term and short-term emotional features are extracted, the dimensionality of which is then reduced by virtue of the multi linear PCA algorithm. Finally, the kernel partial least squares regression is used for speech emotional recognition. The results show that in comparison with other current classifiers, the algorithm proposed herein can improve recognition rates by about 6% to 23%.


Surveillance cameras are proliferating, and millions of devices are being used to capture endless footage of surveillance videos. With the advancements in computer vision and deep learning, we can now contemplate these videos to detect anomalies. In this paper, we propose to identify anomalies by using Spatiotemporal autoencoders. The autoencoders based on 3-D convolutional networks will identify anomalies in surveillance footage based on spatiotemporal features. Our architecture consists of two components, an encoder for spatial feature extraction, and a decoder for the reconstruction of frames. Then, abnormal events are identified based on reconstruction loss. We used the Avenue dataset and UCSD dataset for training and evaluation.


This article, based on Chomsky's Universal Grammar (UG), transfer theory and the markedness, aims to discuss the leading schools and their contribution we have experienced in the study of second language teaching and acquisition. The present paper, along with retrospection, also observes some new trends in L2 research.


Since the early nineties Brazil has initiated a program of reforms in its electric sector which includes utility de-verticalization, privatization and competition. The main objectives has been to promote a market-oriented energy industry attractive to new private investments. This has led to a re-definition of the public-interest programs formerly undertaken by the state-owned utilities. In particular, of significant concern are the programs for promotion of energy efficiency, renewable energy technologies, electricity services to low income population, rural electrification and environmental protection. In the midst of the privatization effort, the National Agency for Electrical Energy ANEEL was created (end of 1997). One of the tasks of the regulatory agency is to provide funds and incentives to energy conservation and research and development. In this paper we review the funding mechanism currently in place to promote energy efficiency, R&D investments in the context of a marketoriented sector, its limitations and prospects.


This research demonstrates an application of artificial neural networks (ANN) for watershed-runoff and stream-flow forecasts. A watershed runoff prediction model was developed to predict stormwater runoff at a gauged location near the watershed outlet. Another stream flow forecasting model was formulated to forecast river flows at downstream locations along the same channel. Input data for both models include the current and preceding records of rainfall and stream flow gathered at the watershed outlet and downstream locations. Computational algorithms for both models were based on a commercially available software. A case study was conducted on a small urban watershed in Greensboro, North Carolina. These two ANN-hydrologic forecasting models were successfully applied to provide near-real-time- and near-term-flow predictions with lead times starting from the present time and advancing to a few hours later on 15-min increments. An important aspect of this research has been the development of methodology fo...


The current study explains the performance of different solder interconnections (SAC305, SnPb, SnBi) associated with horizontal and vertical laser soldering in a 3.5D semiconductor package, using laser assisted bonding (LAB). In a 3.5D package, a device can be vertically bonded to the side of a 3D stack, thus enabling connection of different substrates to the stack. For a wide range of applicability, solder balls with high and low melting points, and varying solder compositions were selected, their corresponding laser reflow characteristics were recorded and analyzed. The metallurgical properties of the solder interfaces were analysed, in detailed pre- and post-thermal cycling tests using a focused ion beam (FIB), scanning electron microsope (SEM) and x-ray. The mechanical strength of the solder interconnections prior to assembly was measured using a shear test unit, and the corresponding fracture modes were inspected using an optical microscope. Moreover, real-time performance of 3D and 3.5D packages will be correlated with in silico electrical results based on the evaluated solder alloy SAC305. Finally, potential photonic applications of 3.5D optical packages, and future prospects concerning intended reliability and stability are highlighted.


Numerous approaches have been used in an attempt to develop more effective anticariogenic agents and technics by which they may be applied. Attempts to improve existing anticariogenic procedures have included the use of multiple SnF2 therapy, the reduction in the length of time required for SnF2 topical application, and the development of a SnF2-ZrSiO4 prophylactic paste for professional application on a mass treatment basis. The synthesis of new anticariogenic agents has resulted in the identification of a new compound, indium hexafluorogermanate (ln2(GeF6)3), which has a high degree of anticariogenic effectiveness. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the methods of preparation and some of the physical and chemical properties of this compound.


The importance of developing and maintaining a regular and systematic collaboration between public libraries and school libraries is established. This relationship is crucial in Spain because of the precarious situation of school libraries. School libraries dedicate major efforts to reading promotion programs, therefore public libraries can collaborate with school libraries in order to promote information literacy programs. An example of this kind of collaboration is the program developed by the Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez, "Biblioteca-Escuela" [Library-School]. Through this program, the Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez works regularly with schools from the city and province of Salamanca to encourage and promote the projects that support teacher's work and information literacy.


This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of price, place, product and promotion on purchasing decisions and consumer loyalty at the Warung Special Sambal Sragen branch. The population in this research is the consumers in the Sragen special Sambel Warung who transact in the first week of March with a total of 450 consumers. The sample in this study amounted to 45 respondents with a random sampling technique method, namely random sampling. The analysis technique in this research is multiple linear regression path analysis, instrument test, linearity test and hypothesis testing which includes multiple linear regression, simultaneous test (F test), partial test (t test), and coefficient of determination. The results of the t-test in the first equation can be concluded that the variables of place, product and promotion have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. While the price has a negative and insignificant effect on purchasing decisions. The results of the t-test on the second equation can be concluded that the variables of Price, Place and Product have a positive and significant effect on Loyalty. And the Promotion variable has a negative and insignificant effect on Loyalty. The total R2 value of 0.983 can be interpreted as a variation of Consumer Loyalty at the Sragen special chili shop explained by the variables Price, Place, potential, Product and Purchase Decision of 98.3% and the remaining 1.7% explained by other variables outside the research model as an example of service quality, environmental comfort, and so on.


Yun, Heesuk; Kim, Dohyung; Kim, Jonghoon.October, 2015.The need to set a fiscal target and improve the fund governance structure of the national pension in Korea,Articles,[Sejong]Korea Development Institute,13


Objective To investigate the effects of β-elemene on the phosphatide membrane function and Bcl-2 expression of human blader carcinoma BIU-87 cells. Methods Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphalidylethanolamine (PE) contents were measured by the methods of [32P]Pi incorporation and HPTLC seperation, the level of membrane protein was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue, the expression of Bcl-2 was observed by flow cytometry, and the membrane fluidity of the BIU-87 cells was examined. Results Comparing with the control, the β-elemene could markedly inhibit the level of PC, PE, membrane protein, and Bcl-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner, the maximum inhibition rates are 41.1%, 43.3%, 43%, and 50% (P0.05), respectively, as well as the membrane fluidity of the human BIU-87 cells. Conclusion β-Elemene can decrease the BIU-87 cells phosphatide metabolism, Bcl-2 expression, and its membrane fluidity, which indicate that PC, PE contents and Bcl-2 expression may be closely related to the apoptosis of the human bladder carcinoma BIU-87 cells.


The local paddle field in Yuanyang Terrace was considered as a sustainable and stable agricultural ecosystem. Two local rice varieties, Baijiaolaojing and Yuelianggu, were grown in the paddy field for two consecutive years under ambient and supplemental levels of ul- traviolet-B(UV-B, 280~315 nm)radiation to determine the potential for alterations in contents of silicon in culm and leaves, of flavonoids and total phenolic in leaves. The supplemental UV-B radiation was 2.5kJ·m-2 , 5.0 kJ·m -2 and 7.5kJ·m-2 , simulating a depletion of 10%, 20% and 30% stratospheric ozone. The results showed that:(1)The silicon contents of culm and leaves in jointing stage of Baijiaolaojing, of culm in heading stage and of leaves in jointing and heading stage of Yuelianggu were siginificantly increased under UV-B radiation(.2)Except 2.5kJ·m-2 UV-B radiation, the flavonoids contents of leaves in heading stage of Baijiaolaojing and Yuelianggu were siginificantly increased under other UV-B radiations(.3)UV-B radiation caused the total phenolic contents of leaves in tillering and jointing stage(except 2.5kJ·m-2 UV-B radiation), and in heading stage of Baijiaolaojing, in tillering and heading stage(except 2.5kJ·m-2 UV-B radiation) of Yuelianggu to significantly enhance.(4)That the very significant positive correlation was between contents of silicon and contents of flavonoids and total phenolic of leaves of these two local rice varieties was observed. Overall, the encreased percentage of silicon contents of culm and leaves, of the flavonoids and total phenolic contents of leaves that was caused by UV-B radiation of Baijiaolaojing was more than that of Yuelianggu, which indicated that the resistance to UV -B radiation was different to some extent between Baijiaolaojing and Yuelianggu.


Int. J. of Automation Technology submitted 1 Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) is site-selective etching process due to catalyst reaction at the interface between noble metal and silicon. This paper aims to make clear the applicability of sphere lithography and MACE to fabricate high aspect ratio Si nanostructures. The capacity to control the etched profiles and scale extension were investigated. Firstly, silica particles (e.g. 1 μm) were self-assembled on a Si substrate. After the reduction of particle size by argon ion bombardment, a gold layer was deposited using the particles as a mask. The substrate was then etched with mixture of hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen peroxide. It was found that an array of nanopillars was produced with regular pitch, good separation and aspect ratio reached about 52. Effect of MACE conditions on final profiles was made clear. Limitation of this approach is small range of fabricated area (several millimeters) due to the dependence on vacuum technique (ion bombardment, Au deposition) which limited its practical applications. Thus Ag nanoparticle (e.g. 150 nm) was applied. Relationship between concentration of Ag suspension, Ag assembled layer and morphology of MACE structures was made clear. Spray method was applied to extend deposited area of Ag particles up to 100 mm. Finally, effect of cross-sectional profile on the contact angle of water droplet was examined. By applying high aspect ratio nanostructure on the substrate, the water contact angle increased up to 153 degrees while that without structure was 58 degrees.


The complete-count of rhino or rhino census is an integral part of conservation and management of wild rhino-bearing areas of Assam.  The direct count of rhinos in their wild habitat continues as the accepted method of determining rhino population.  As a part of the periodic process, the Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park (RGONP) organized a one-day direct rhino count on 2 April 2018.  The results showed 1% increment of the population after a gap of six years.  Such slow increment is considered to be a matter of concern.  More research is necessary for better understanding of the population dynamics and identification of factors for better management of rhino population at RGONP.


The territories of the circum-Caribbean region contain some of the most complex societies in the world. Their complexity lies not in their size, degree of internal differentiation or technological development, but in the dependent and fragmented nature of their cultures, the ethnic diversity of their populations, the special nature of their dependent economies, the peculiarities of their political development and the apparent incoherence of their social institutions. It has been suggested that many Caribbean societies have no history of their own but should be viewed as an extension of Europe. Dr. Eric Williams, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, has recently written in reference to his country: On August 31st 1962, a country will be free, a miniature state will be established, but a society and a nation will not have been formed.


Reason for withdrawal from publication

The authors and Cochrane Breast Cancer Group editors have agreed that this question has limited relevance in today's clinical setting and on this basis will be discontinued. To view the published versions of this article, please click the 'Other versions' tab.


Fourfull-lengthandonepartialcDNAclones encoding four different A-type cyclins were isolated from a tobacco S-phase-specific library. The corresponding mRNAs displayed sequential appearance and disappearance during the cell cycle of highly synchronized suspension-cultured tobacco cells. Sequence analysis showed that the plant A-type cyclinscanbesubdividedintothreedistinctstructuralgroups that are likely to be represented in every plant species. Two of the isolated tobacco cyclins belonging to the same group were highly expressed throughout S and G2 phases but showed differentkineticsofinductionattheG1yStransition.Another one belonging to a second group was induced at mid-S phase and expressed until mid-M phase. A similar expression pat- tern was previously reported for at obacco cyclin belonging to thethirdgroup.ThissequentialexpressionofmultipleA-type cyclinsinonetypeofplantcellsmakesacleardistinctionfrom the situation in animal cells in which only one A-type cyclin exists in a given species. Furthermore, the expression of the different A-type cyclin genes responded differently upon a block at mid-S phase by DNA synthesis inhibitors. These resultssuggestthatthemultipleA-typecyclinsactatdifferent steps of the plant cell cycle and, therefore, exert distinct functions. In contrast, the expression of B-type cyclins was restricted to a narrow window corresponding to the M phase. Our knowledge of the eukaryotic cell cycle has progressed considerably during the last few years, by the finding that proteinkinasesplayacentralroleinthecellcycle.Theactivity


A thorough review is made of Climate Change Science, going into much greater detail than is typical of papers in Economics and specifically emphasising the hard thermodynamic limits of biological and physical processes. This theme is then continued in a historical review of theory relevant to Climate Change taken from Economics, Physics, Biology and Mathematics, clarified by extensive real-life historical time series plus calculations of fundamental thermodynamic limits – which results in a series of pointed, uncomfortable truths that our culture & society prefers to overlook. Two types of "costs of climate change" models are then placed under the microscope: (i) The Stern Report (2007) and (ii) The Limits to Growth (2004) – both chosen as the two most widely known by the greater public. Both models are evaluated according to the scientific realities outlined in the previous two chapters, including going into some detail of the specifics of the models themselves through analysis of their source code implementations. Finally, the author's subjective opinion is given as to the quality of the models given the results of the prior chapter. I conclude that the models are primitive, but not much better than the state-of-the-art currently employed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The hard reality is that we do not sufficiently understand the nature nor causes of climate change, only that it is happening – and thus building a realistic model is currently outside our capability. This is changing very quickly however – the paper has tried, where possible, to include the very latest research on climate change and to show by just how much the ground is currently moving.


In 1903, Sir William Osler wrote "the good physician treats the disease; the great physician treats the patient who has the disease." These words ring very true in 2016 as we approach the era of precision or stratified medicine. The precision or stratified medicine (we are going to use these terms interchangeably) is based on identifying subgroups of patients with distinct mechanisms of disease and particular responses to treatments. This allows us to identify and develop treatments that are effective for particular groups of patients. Ultimately, precision medicine will ensure that the right patient gets the right treatment at the right time. The above definition broadly follows suggested definition published by the UK Medical Research Council (http://www.mrc.ac.uk/research/initiatives/stratified-medicine/). We can therefore summarize the promise of precision medicine as being able to remove nonresponders and toxic responders before prescribing medication and to treat with a given drug only responders and patients not predisposed to toxicity.

Such approaches are very well developed in cancer medicine with several examples of successful precision medicine applications in breast, prostate, ovarian, colon, and pancreatic cancer,1–6 and this list is by no means complete. Cardiovascular medicine in general and hypertension in particular both lag behind oncology in this respect.

However, there are examples from rare monogenic syndromes, where a single genetic mutation explains the entire pathophysiology of severe, early onset hypertension and dictating perfect pharmacogenetics-led prescription.7,8 These syndromes include the Glucocorticoid Remediable Aldosteronism, Liddle Syndrome, and pseudohypoaldosteronism type II to name just a few. In these syndromes, glucocorticoids, amiloride, and thiazide diuretics, …


The article is devoted to an actual problem of design innovation development, studying the signs of novelty of design solutions, changing stereotypes of the urban environment formation as an ecological system, providing conditions for the people's productive life, making it more comfortable and beautiful. For the solution of environmental problems, it is necessary to apply a set of interrelated technical, social, environmental, aesthetic and other measures. It is useful to highlight in this regard that the innovative approaches of landscape design are examined for creating human's stable life environment full of creative, spiritual, attractive, safe, harmonious and comfortable things. Authors stress the idea that the basis of prosperity is the individual citizens' culture. The technocratic imbalance in the formation of a sustainable cities' environment contributes to the serious environmental and social problems. Only the creative transformation of nature is a way of revealing the essential forces of a man, the realization of his nature, potential and culture. This position gives one the opportunity to take another look at landscape design, seeing it not in the narrow sense, as the part of the project activity, but as an innovative and versatile approach to the organization of natural and anthropogenic components' interaction of the human environment, pursuing the main goal – the creation of highly comfortable the semantic subject-spatial environment of man. © 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


QUESTIONS PART 1: Orientation to Home Care 1. Learning about Home Care 2. The Home Care Industry 3. Developing Effective Communication Skills 4. Understanding Your Client's Needs 5. Understanding How the Body Works 6. Observing, Reporting, Recording 7. Working With the Ill and Disabled PART 2: Managing the Home Environment 8. Maintaining a Safe Environment 9. Maintaining a Healthy Environment 10. Meeting the Client's Nutritional Needs PART 3: Home Care Procedures 11. Preventing Infection/Medical Asepsis 12. Body Mechanics 13. Bedmaking 14. Personal Care 15. Elimination 16. Collecting Specimens 17. Measuring Vital Signs 18. Special Procedures PART 4: Meeting The Client's Special Needs 19. Caring for Older Adults 20. Caring for Mothers, Infants, and Children 21. Caring for Clients with Mental Illness 22. Caring for Clients with Illnesses Requiring Home Care 23. Caring for the Dying Client 24. Emergencies PART 5: Professional Skills 25. Getting a Job and Keeping It ANSWERS PART 1: Orientation to Home Care 1. Learning about Home Care 2. The Home Care Industry 3. Developing Effective Communication Skills 4. Understanding Your Client's Needs 5. Understanding How the Body Works 6. Observing, Reporting, Recording 7. Working With the Ill and Disabled PART 2: Managing the Home Environment 8. Maintaining A Safe Environment 9. Maintaining a Healthy Environment 10. Meeting the Client's Nutritional Needs PART 3: Home Care Procedures 11. Preventing Infection/Medical Asepsis 12. Body Mechanics 13. Bedmaking 14. Personal Care 15. Elimination 16. Collecting Specimens 17. Measuring Vital Signs 18. Special Procedures PART 4: Meeting The Client's Special Needs 19. Caring for Older Adults 20. Caring for Mothers, Infants, and Children 21. Caring for Clients with Mental Illness 22. Caring for Clients with Illnesses Requiring Home Care 23. Caring for the Dying Client 24. Emergencies PART 5: Professional Skills 25. Getting a Job and Keeping It SKILLS COMPETENCY CHECKLISTS SKILLS COMPETENCY CHECKLISTS RECORD


This paper deals with the way the con- sumer acts within a free-market economy and under which assumptions his decision to commercially operate is articulated. From that point on, the elements of Game Theory and its principles are analyzed, which are based on reasonability, chance and equilibrium. It presents the confrontation between human nature, moved by interests, emotions, feelings and assumptions, and the inflexible position of reasonability which is the mainstay of Game Theory and the consumer's behavior.


Cadmium (Cd) is one of the commonest toxic heavy metal in the surroundings and forms with other heavy metals one of the oldest environmental health problem [1]. It is extensively used in many industries as rechargeable batteries, pigments, radiation screens, etc. In addition, natural health and pharmaceutical products may be sources of Cd exposure. So, we could be exposed to this metal environmentally, occupational and by diet. Cd has serious health hazards that affect most of the tissue types of the human body including reproductive function [2] liver [3] pancreas [4], heart [5] and nervous system [6]. It has been classified as class I human carcinogenic agent [1].


An integral part of the nursing process is diagonising those patients and/or families in crisis. Those in crisis can display a wide range of symptomatology, therefore the nurse must be well adept in picking up clues. Crisis theory is an important tool in understanding crisis but applying the theory is the critical factor in attaining competence levels.


Mask Error Enhancement Factor(MEEF) has recently become an important topic in determining requirements of process. MEEF is the ratio of the CD range on the wafer and the expected CD range due to the mask. It indicates that mask CD errors are in effect magnified during the optical transfer to the wafer. The resolution capability of a optical system is given by Rayleigh's criterions: Resolution=k1*λ/NA, where λ is the wavelength of the light used and NA is defined as the sine of the maximum half angle(α) of diffracted light which can enter the lens. The k1 resolution-scaling factor (k1=CD*NA/λ) is a practical measure for expressing imaging feasibility of a given optical system. It is a important parameter and direct proportion to resolution requirement. For driving critical CD dimension contraction bellow 0.11μm, lower k1 factor is needed. In this work we use strong OAI (Quasar 90° ) to push k1 reach 0.29 by KrF exposure tool and analysis the MEEF value on 90nm generation. The simulation result shows the predicted MEEF value is close to 9 while using KrF to 90nm resolution and real MEEF value from exposuring Line/Space pattern on wafer data is 6.2. In such high MEEF process, it is very important to control mask CD accuracy. We bring up a test pattern of serial combinations with different Line/Space dimension with the same pitch size to reduce the mask array CD variation. Finally, we compare the process window (PW) between equal and nonequal Line/Space situation. The process window can be improved 18% while line width extends from 90nm to 95nm at fixed pitch 180nm.


A coating composition for a flexible thermoplastics extrusion comprises a UV curable resin. The resin is preferably an aliphatic waterborne resin such as a polyurethane dispersion and preferably constitutes from 40 to 80 weight-% of the composition excluding solvent or dispersant. The composition may also include a friction-reducing agent. The extrusion is preferably a thermoplastic elastomer extrusion or a weatherstrip seal, for instance for an automobile. Also claimed is a sealing system for automotives, the sealing system comprising a coating formulation comprising a UV curable resin applied to a flexible thermoplastic extruded substrate. Further claimed is a method of coating a flexible thermoplastic extrusion, the method comprising exposing the coated product to UV light of wavelength 200 to 400nm. The use of a coating formulation comprising a UV curable resin for coating a flexible thermoplastic extrusion is also independently claimed.


The prediction software for livestock population and availability of hides and skins, named as LivSoft is a simple software tool for the prediction of livestock population and estimation of availability of hides and skins from the predicted livestock population. This software is developed for the benefit of leather industry/sector. Database on livestock population has been obtained from livestock census data. It automatically does the calculation by using the parameters like annual growth rate and standard error, basically which forms an input for the statistical model to predict the livestock population and thereby estimating the availability of hides and skins. The predicted livestock population is validated / compared with the regression model. This version will predict the livestock population at the national level.
Key words: Statistical Modelling, Database, Regression, Growth Rate, Net Off-Take Rate, Livsoft


This thesis has analyzed the cycle process of heat pump,on this basis,the mathematical model of heat pump with regenerator internal heat exchanger is constructed.Theoretical analysis of R125 as refrigerant of heat pump.After systematical calculating and analyzing the cycle performance of the heat pump charged with R125 and several types under standard operating condition and variable operating conditions, The results show that the coefficient of performance with R125 is better than R22 under standard,thus R125 can be regarded as a promising alternative of refrigerant heat pump.


Background: Articial intelligence (AI) is one of the active research elds to develop systems that mimic human intelligence and is helpful in
many elds, particularly in medicine. Physiotherapy is mainly involving in curing bone-related pain and injuries. The recent emergence of
articially intelligent machines has seen human cognitive capacity enhanced by computational agents that can recognize previously hidden
patterns within massive data sets. In this context, articial intelligence in pediatric physiotherapy could be one of the most important modalities in
delivering better medical and healthcare services to needy people. It is an attempt to identify the types, as well as to assess the effectiveness of
interventions provided by articial intelligence on pediatric physical therapy optimization-related outcomes.
Methods: Data acquisition was carried out by systematic searches from various academic and research databases i.e., google scholar, PubMed,
and IEEE from March 2011 to March 2021. Besides, numerous trial registries and grey literature resources were also explored. A total of 187
titles/abstracts were screened, and forty-eight full-text articles were assessed for eligibility.
Conclusions: This research describes some of the possible inuences of articial intelligence technologies on pediatric physiotherapy practice,
and the subsequent ways in which physiotherapy education will need to change to graduate professionals who are t for practice in the 21st century
health system for promoting safe and effective use of articial intelligence and the delivery of Pediatric Physical Therapy care to people


ABSTRACT During the pre-industrial period, most military personnel were billeted instead of lodged in barracks. Historiography has tended to attribute this to a lack of foresight. In reality, the crown had no real interest in investing in them. Barracks could not provide the practical advantages of private households. The royal prerogative that obliged the population to billet the king's troops was, despite its unpopularity, a very valuable resource for both the soldiers and the crown and not simply a necessary inconvenience.


ABSTRACT The goal of the present study was to provide basic data for establishing climate change adaptation measures and to support appropriate forest management in Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea. An assessment of forest vulnerability to landslide caused by localized torrential rainfall was conducted for Jeollabuk-do, taking into consideration the local climate characteristics and the regional characteristics of the forest. CCGIS, a climate change adaptation software toolkit based on GIS, was used to carry out the vulnerability assessment of each city and county of Jeollabuk-do. To improve the assessment, locally specific variable weights were prepared, based on the results of a Delphi investigation targeting public forestry staff in Jeollabuk-do. The regionally specific weight was greatest for the variable of climate exposure, followed by sensitivity and adaptability. According to the vulnerability assessment over the course of time, in most of the forest the vulnerability rating decreased from 2000s to 2020s, and later it decreased once again in all urban areas. The vulnerability of forests was predicted to be greatest in the 2050s. Hence, if the local government sets up an adaptation policy using this research data that assessed the landslide vulnerability of forest in Jeollabuk-do, Korea taking account of the characteristics of the local area, we consider that an effective policy can be established and forest management can incorporate measures to adapt to climate change.


Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is induced by immunization with myelin components including myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Myelin‐specific Th1 cells enter the central nervous system (CNS) via binding of very late antigen 4 (VLA‐4) to the endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1). In the present study, mice with a homologous disruption of the gene encoding IL‐6 are found to be resistant to MOG‐induced EAE as evidenced by absence of clinical symptoms, minimal infiltration of CD3+ T cells and monocytes into the CNS and lack of demyelination. The failure to induce EAE in IL‐6− / − mice is not due to the absence of priming, since lymphocytes of immunized IL‐6− / − mice proliferate in response to MOG and produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines including IL‐2 and IFN‐γ. However, in MOG‐immunized IL‐6− / − mice, serum anti‐MOG antibody titers were found to be drastically reduced. This observation is unlikely to be responsible for resistance to EAE, because B cell‐deficient (μMT) mice proved to be fully susceptible to the disease. A striking difference between MOG‐immunized wild‐type (wt) and IL‐6− / − mice was the expression of endothelial VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1, which were dramatically up‐regulated in the CNS in wt but not in IL‐6− / − mice. Taking into account recent studies on the role of VCAM‐1 in the entry of Th1 cells into the CNS, the absence of VCAM‐1 on endothelial cells in IL‐6− / − mice may explain their resistance to EAE.


The advances of information technology have many impacts on all aspects of organizational life including higher educational institutions. Colleges or universities can use it in a variety activities such as academic management, finance management and even the learning process that is known as e-learning. The implementation of e-learning can be done whether all the influence factors in a ready state. The existence of organizational culture is estimated to have an influence on e-learning readiness. Research on organizational culture is done by using the Competing Value Framework (CVF). This research also uses a model that builds from combination of Rosenberg's model and Rautenbach's model in order to know about organization's e-learning readiness. From the analysis that has been done about organizational culture and e-learning readiness in Padang State Polytechnic can be given a recommendation that can assist institutions to develop a strategic plan to e-learning


The invention discloses an unwinding device for a warp knitting machine. The unwinding device for the warp knitting machine comprises a fixed frame, a cross beam and an unwinding device, wherein the unwinding device is arranged on the cross beam; the frictionally unwinding device comprises a driving unwinding roll, a driven unwinding roll, a driving synchronous belt wheel and a driven synchronous belt wheel; the driving synchronous belt wheel is used for controlling the rotation of the driving unwinding roll; the driven synchronous belt wheel is used for controlling the rotation of the driven unwinding roll; the driving synchronous belt wheel and the driven synchronous belt wheel are connected with a motor driving device; and the driving unwinding roll and the driven unwinding roll are arranged on an unwinding roll fixing plate. The unwinding device for the warp knitting machine has the advantages of guaranteeing the constant-speed unwinding of a cloth roll during unwinding, adjusting the position of cloth conveniently, pressing the unwound cloth flatly and improving the knitting quality of the warp knitting machine.


The fundamental drives in the vexed relationship between Romantic and Gothic modes of symbolic discourse in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, I want to argue here, has survived, surprisingly intact, in fictions and especially films of the 21st century. Romanticism as I view it, just to be clear, includes a wide range of work across several genres characterized by what Wordsworth makes the "object" of his and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads in an 1802 revision of his Preface to the Second Edition: the "throwing over" of "common"--or sometimes already extraordinary--"situations" a "certain coloring of imagination" by which the initial focus of perception acquires an "unusual aspect" because of "the manner in which we associate ideas in a state of excitement" and proceed to infuse and alter the initial focus with those associations (Wordsworth, Prose, 281-82). This is the very combination echoed in the Biographia Literaria (1817) when Coleridge values both "exciting the sympathy of the reader" by a perceived "adherence to the truth of nature" as it is perceived and yet lending "the interest of novelty" provided by "the modifying colors of the imagination" reminiscent of the heightening of the earthly to suggest the supernatural in the old romances of medieval and even Shakespearean times that had been revived in the later 18th century (Coleridge, Biographia, 168). Although this attempt at bridging perceived reality and a quasi-mythic exaltation of it. by imagination has been (I think rightly) viewed by Forest Pyle as an ideological construct that "addresses the [extreme] fissures of the social" at the time by trying to compose a "coherence" that strives to heal, or at least cover, those fissures, even though reality as perceived is already ideologically and thus socially inflected (Pyle, 3), no scholar, 1 think, would deny that the "Romantic" aspiration works towards "abolishing the 'immeasurable gulf between the true and the good" while simultaneously articulating the "link between world and mind" by striving to sublimate the former by way of the latter (Pyle, (5), even if that means, as in Byron, revealing the irony of the distance that still yawns between one pole and the other. In Wordsworth's "The Thorn," for example (Lyrical, 103-10), published in the first Lyrical Ballads of 1798 and only somewhat revised thereafter, the juxtaposition of a petrified old plant and the grieving and guilt-ridden "Martha Ray" point to the abandonment and debasement of rural people because of a changing economy, supposedly revolutionary wars that have turned into renewed oppression, and the inequities of the class structure, all now in question, as they deserve to be. Yet this poem ultimately turns its litany of losses into the object of an act of sympathy that both embraces and rises above it all in a transubstantiation of horror and pain that makes both Martha and the thorn, in the poet's monumentalizing of their recurring appearances and the stories about them, what Slavoj Zizek has called a "sublime object," albeit "of ideology." If such claims and writings can be deemed quintessentially Romantic, there seems little distinction between that mode and the Gothic--or rather the neo-Gothic launched most influentially by Horace Walpole's novella The Castle of Otranto, especially its Second Edition of 1765 with a new Preface that bore a subtitle ("A Gothic Story") never used as a generic label before but printed bigger than its title in subsequent editions (Walpole, Castle, 3). That Preface defines this new literary "species" as a crossgeneric "blend of the two kinds of romance, the ancient and the modern," whereby the latter, in which "nature" is "sometimes ... copied with success," Walpole admits, is conjoined with the "imagination and improbability" of the former, so much so that "the powers of fancy," as in old romances, have "liberty to expatiate through the boundless realm of invention" while "the mortal agents' in the story behave "according to the rules of probability" in more realistic middle-class novels, even when they face "stupendous phenomena" of "ghosts" and other supernatural hauntings recollective of old Catholic fantasies now disbelieved in more enlightened times (Walpole, Castle, 9-10). …


In this study, the effects of the Child-Parent Center and Expansion (CPC) Program on scholastic development up to age 14 were reported for a large sample of economically disadvantaged children. The CPC program is a stateand federally funded early childhood educational intervention for children in the Chicago Public Schools who are at risk of academic underachievement due to poverty and associated factors. The CPCs provide comprehensive educational and family support services from ages 3 to 9, for up to six years of continuous intervention. Longitudinal findings from a matched 1989 graduating cohort of 878 program and 286 comparison-group children indicated that (a) any participation in the program was significantly associated with school performance up to eighth grade, (b) duration of participation was significantly associated with school performance, especially for children who participated for five or six years, (c) participation in extended childhood intervention to second and third grade yielded significantly better school performance than participation ending in kindergarten, and (d) longer-term effects of the program were largely explained by cognitive-advantage and family-support factors, both of which are theoretically linked to the program activities. The Chicago Child-Parent Centers: A Longitudinal Study of Extended Early Childhood Intervention


"Geeli Puchhi" (or sloppy kisses) is a short film that is part of Ajeeb Daastaans – an anthology of four short films that was released on Netflix in April 2021. Produced by Karan Johar's Dharmatic Entertainment, and directed by Shashank Khaitaan, Raj Mehta, Neeraj Ghaywan, and Kayoze Irani (Srikar), Ajeeb Daastaans, or "weird tales" – the "latest thematic omnibus production" (Ramnath) on (Indian) Netflix after Bombay Talkies (2013) and Lust Stories (2018) – aims to recuperate the strange amidst the unremarkable. My interest in this paper is to explore the complex delineation of caste and queerness in "Geeli Puchhi" – the critically acclaimed third film in this Netflix Originals anthology – elucidating resistance strategies its Dalit queer woman protagonist devises and deploys to not only strategically negotiate with caste but to also militate against it and mitigate its affective and material harm. The representation of queer women, which has so far been an ostentatiously savarna cultural project, has not offered legibility to Dalit queer women protagonists (Malakar). "Geeli Pucchi" assumes critical importance in queer cultural studies as Ghaywan situates a Dalit, lower-


General Motors (GM) vehicles have more than 100 customer-facing features, known as vehicle content. Decisions about how to package and price these features have a significant impact on our customers' experiences and on GM's business results. Vehicle features are assigned as standard, optional, or unavailable on different trim levels, resulting in an enormous combinatorial solution space. Vehicle content optimization (VCO) combines customer market research, discrete choice models, and custom multiobjective nonlinear optimization algorithms to optimize vehicle contenting and pricing decisions. VCO comprehends complex dynamics and tradeoffs and allows GM to optimally balance customer preferences and profitability. After six years of development and multiple proof-of-concept and pilot studies, VCO was officially integrated into GM's Global Vehicle Development Process in 2014. As of 2021, VCO has been used on more than 85 vehicle programs globally. It has enabled customer-centric product development and more efficient engineering, sourcing, and manufacturing. GM Finance verified that VCO enabled $4.4 billion of incremental profit over the average product life cycle (i.e., six years on average) since 2018, making it a vastly impactful example of operations research and applied analytics.


Hybrid structure has shown some great features in the earthquake-resistant design. However, due to the different properties between the combined building systems, the distributions of structural mass and stiffness are prevalently irregular in breadth or height, which makes the widely used equivalent lateral force (ELF) method powerless to predict the seismic shear force of such hybrid structure. This study proposed a simple design procedure for determining the concerned seismic shear force of low-rise wooden horizontal hybrid structure in the preliminary linear design. The dual equivalent lateral force (DELF) method is presented that permits the extension of the ELF method by separating the hybrid structure into two independent substructures. It is shown that the proposed DELF method is sufficient to provide a reasonable estimation of the seismic shear force with satisfied accuracy.


Method for secondary fermentation of champagne in the bottle. In the secondary fermentation process solid of liquid yeast is introduced into the bottle permitting interchange of liquid and gaseous products of fermen tation and yeast autolysis by confining the yeast in a semipermeable or porous wall or membrane to prevent the introduction or contamination of the wine with solid components. The yeast may be introduced through a special closure fitting underneath a bottle cap. After the secondary fermentation has been com pleted the pressure may be reduced by piercing the cap after which the cap and the device containing the yeast are removed. Sweetening of the champagne material is then accomplished to complete the process.


Exposure and modulation device (1) for modulating the exposure intensity in the procedure IDSI (Integrating-Digital-Screen-Imaging?) with a light source (2), with a light modulator (4), shows a number of rows of cells (8) modulating light, a device (3) to project the image on the light modulator (4), with a device for projecting the image of the light modulator (4) on photosensitive material (5), with a device for creating a relative movement between the light modulator (4) and the photosensitive material (5), develop in this direction of movement substantially perpendicularly to the direction of the rows of modulator cells light, as well as a device for scanning a data pattern through the various columns of the light modulator (4), with a proportion by which the image of any data pattern during movement remains stationary core in relationship with the photosensitive material (5), characterized in that the device displays at least one device (10) to prevent scattering method after a certain adjustable number of cells (11) of the light modulator (4) used for exposure photosensitive material (5).


The comparative temporal perspectives in this paper, which covers the latter part of two centuries, the late eighteenth and the late twentieth centuries, lends considerable explanatory power to my treatment of the multi-faceted links and changes between Iranun maritime raiding, on the one hand, and on the other, modern day crime on the high seas in Southeast Asia, with the China connection, growing commodity flows, and the fluctuations of the global economy (Warren 1981, 1998a, 2001)...


Submitted for the MAR12 Meeting of The American Physical Society Development of a Tunable Ultra-Broadband Mid IR Pulsed Source for Nonlinear Spectroscopy1 MARK CHENG, ANTHONY REYNOLDS, HEATHER WIDGREN, MUNIRA KHALIL, Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 — We generate ultrabroadband mid-IR pulses tunable from 2.5 – 8 μm by focusing 800 nm/400 nm pulses into various gas media. The input 800 nm light is doubled to 400 nm in a type I BBO crystal. The two orthogonally polarized ω/2ω pulses encounter a birefringent calcite crystal for time delay compensation and are subsequently focused in various gas media (air, argon, neon and nitrogen) contained within a 1.2 m gas cell using a 1 m focal length silver mirror. The tunability of the broadband mid-IR pulses arises from different gases, pressure of gases and the amount of incident 800 nm/400 nm light focused into the gas cell at a given pressure. We measure IR energies as high as 0.5 μJ/pulse for an input 800 nm energy of 3 mJ/pulse in 900 Torr of Argon. The mid IR pulses exhibit ∼2% long term stability. The ultrabroadband IR pulses have a spectral bandwidth of ∼2000 cm−1 corresponding to a sub-cycle pulse centered at 4.5 μm. We will present our preliminary efforts on using the ultrabroadband IR pulses in nonlinear experiments. The broad spectral content of this novel source affords the possibility of probing multiple vibrations in a coherent manner. 1This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under CHE-0847790


The purpose of this review is to investigate sign language assessments in use as a tool for evaluating the linguistic abilities for job related requirements for bilingual professionals. Each corresponding sign language assessment will be discussed in terms of its original purpose, content, how it is used today, followed by a discussion of its psychometric properties via strengths and weaknesses. In some cases, when available, a discussion of the background in regards to test development will be given. Psychometrically sound assessments will allow a more consistent evaluation of the professionals who support the Deaf community. In terms of research, having normed measures will lead to an increase in research to improve pedagogical practices and the delivery of educational services.


Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality (Vogelmeier et al., 2017). Adherence to prescribed medications and adequate medication inhalation technique (MIT) is critical for optimal management of COPD, as is the proper use of the medication delivery device.O'Conor et al. (2019) found that lower health literacy (HL) was associated with both poor medication adherenceand MIT. HL, according to the Process-Knowledge Model, consists of both processing capacity and knowledge (Chin et al., 2017). COPD most commonly occurs in older adults (Cazzola, Donner, & Hanania, 2007). Older adults tend to have lower processing capacity (Chin et al., 2017). The purpose of this study was to determine if HL was associated with medication refill adherence (MRA)and/or MIT. Fifty-seven participants completed a questionnaire package that included demographic questions, measures of HL, and assessments of MRA and MIT. A subset of twenty patients participated in qualitative interviews. Results indicated that lower HL was associated with both lower MRA and poor MIT, and qualitative findings revealed the need for further information. Future research should focus on testing educational materials that have been designed and/or reformatted to meet the lower processing capacity of older adults.


Simple Summary In this paper, we showed that only a minority of patients (23%) undergoing upfront pancreatic resection completed the planned 12 courses of FOLFIRINOX, and we delineated the reasons for not completing it. We showed that patients who received neoadjuvant treatment were significantly more likely to receive six treatment courses, and that those who received at least six courses had better overall survival than those who did not. We suggest considering the potential ways of increasing chemotherapy adherence, such as administering treatment before surgery. We believe this article will promote research that has already started—neoadjuvant treatment for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. Abstract Background: The recommended treatment for resectable pancreatic cancer (PC) is resection followed by adjuvant FOLFIRINOX. We assessed the proportion of patients that managed to complete the 12 courses of adjuvant FOLFIRINOX and compared their outcome with that of patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) who underwent resection after neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospectively maintained database of all PC patients who underwent resection with (2/2015–12/2021) or without (1/2018–12/2021) neoadjuvant therapy. Results: A total of 100 patients underwent upfront resection, and 51 patients with BRPC received neoadjuvant treatment. Only 46 resection patients started adjuvant FOLFIRINOX, and only 23 completed 12 courses. The main reasons for not starting/completing adjuvant therapy were poor tolerance and rapid recurrence. Significantly more patients in the neoadjuvant group received at least six FOLFIRINOX courses (80.4% vs. 31%, p < 0.001). Patients who completed at least 6 courses, either pre- or postoperatively, had better overall survival (p = 0.025) than those who did not. In spite of having more advanced disease, the neoadjuvant group had comparable overall survival (p = 0.062) regardless of the number of treatment courses. Conclusion: Only a minority of patients (23%) undergoing upfront pancreatic resection completed the planned 12 courses of FOLFIRINOX. Patients who received neoadjuvant treatment were significantly more likely to receive at least six treatment courses. Patients receiving at least six courses had better overall survival than those who received fewer than six courses, regardless of the timing of treatment relative to surgery. Potential ways to increase chemotherapy adherence, such as administering treatment before surgery, should be considered.


is unclear. Recent studies showed that a known schizophrenia candidate gene Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) may have a neuroprotective role by stimulating antioxidant synthesis and increasing glutathione (Zhang et al 2016). At least in the periphery, NRG1 is also known to modulate a key enzyme, glutathione reductase, for glutathione redox (Timolati et al 2006). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that NRG1 may contribute to glutathione levels in the brain. Methods: In this preliminary study that included 129 Caucasians (43 schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients and 86 controls), we measured glutathione levels in the anterior cingulate/medial frontal region by 1H MRS using a very short echo time (TE) phase rotation sequence (Wijtenburg et al 2014) in a 3T scanner. Using genotype data obtained from the Omni2.5–8 Bead Chip Kit panel (Illumina), we identified a putatively functional nonsynonymous SNP rs3924999 previously found to be related to schizophrenia and performed an association analysis with glutathione. Results: This NRG1 nonsynonymous SNP was associated with the level of glutathione in the combined sample (ΔR2 = 6.0%, t = −2.85, P = .005) after covarying out age, sex and diagnosis. Analyzing the 2 groups separately, the findings remained significant in the controls (ΔR2 = 6.9%, t = −2.50, P = .014). The finding was not significant in the patient group (ΔR2 = 4.5%, t = −1.39, P = .17), although the effect was in the same direction. The SNP did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P = .71). Conclusion: Abnormal glutathione redox has been implicated in schizophrenia. Our preliminary analysis of the NRG1 effect on glutathione levels, previously only studied in peripheral systems, appears to support that a similar effect may be present in the brain. As NRG1 is a strong candidate gene for schizophrenia, further analysis of the neuregulin 1 glutathione connection may provide new insight into the mechanism of oxidative stress dysfunction in schizophrenia.


All reagents were purchased from commercial sources and used without further purification NMR spectra were recorded with a BrukerAvance DPX 400 or a BrukerAvance III 400 or a BrukerAvance I 500 spectrometer at 298 K. The spectra were referenced to the residual H and C{H} signals of the solvents in parts per million (ppm). Abbreviations for NMR multiplicities are: singlet (s), doublet (d), triplet (t), multiplet (m). Coupling constants J are given in Hz. The IR spectra were collected on a Varian ATR-FTIR instrument. UV-Vis absorption spectra were acquired with a Jasco V-550 UV/vis spectrometer. Ligands L1a, L3a and cages C1a, C3a were prepared according to literature procedures. All of these reactions, except otherwise stated, were carried out at room temperature in a thermomixer at 700 rpm. The final product mixture analyzed by LC-MS. Chromatographic separations of the ligands were performed using silica gel (60-200 μm).


This kind of systematic analysis is needed both from a theoretical as well as an applied perspective. New Techno1og.y and H u m a n Error is one of the few books available that covers many of the important issues facing the theorist and practitioner of human error and accident. It is unfortunate, therefore, that insufficient attempt appears to have been made to produce coherence, save in transitional introductions. There are too many chapters, each barely scratching the surface of the topic being discussed, oftentimes with approaches contrary to the surrounding chapters. T h e occasional chapters that attempt to make sense of the dissension do not succeed. T h e terminologies employed by the various authors are diverse, the differences of approach seemingly irreconcilable, and the depth of each chapter so slight that the book remains fundamentally flawed. T h e field needs a book that is coherent, that sets forth the problems in depth, and that keeps to a standard terminology and philosophy, even while presenting the various points of view. Although such a book is badly needed, it probably is not yet possible. Meanwhile, New Technology and H u m a n Error is a necessary purchase for those in the field.


The article discusses Himid's first cut-out series A Fashionable Marriage, a remaking in life-size cut-out figures of William Hogarth's Marriage a la mode. The author draws links between Himid, David Hockney and Hogarth, and especially their shared love of the theatre. An extended analysis of the work shows how Himid uses satire to stake a place for Black and British art; reflective of the politics of the Black Arts Movement of the 1980s. The cut-out form is then discussed in relation to later work by Himid and linked to 17th-century Dutch 'dummy boards' or 'silent companions'.


To elucidate the local epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, we characterised blood culture isolates using molecular methods and prospectively collected clinical data to determine the occurrence of community-acquired, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Consecutive S. aureus blood culture isolates were collected over a one-year period from patients who were admitted to Tygerberg Academic Hospital in the Western Cape. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of spa, mecA and lukS/F-PV genes. Strain typing was performed using spa typing. Multiplex PCR for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing was also performed, as well as multilocus sequence typing (MLST) on selected isolates. Cases were categorised by clinical data as either hospital-acquired, healthcare-associated or community-acquired. One hundred and thirteen S. aureus isolates (30% MRSA) were collected from 104 cases of bacteraemia. According to clinical data, all community-acquired infec...


The security of almost any real-world distributed system today depends on the participants having some "reasonably accurate" sense of current real time. Indeed, to name one example, the very authenticity of practically any communication on the Internet today hinges on the ability of the parties to accurately detect revocation of certificates, or expiration of passwords or shared keys.,,However, as recent attacks show, the standard protocols for determining time are subvertible, resulting in wide-spread security loss. Worse yet, we do not have security notions for network time protocols that (a) can be rigorously asserted, and (b) rigorously guarantee security of applications that require a sense of real time.,,We propose such notions, within the universally composable (UC) security framework. That is, we formulate ideal functionalities that capture a number of prevalent forms of time measurement within existing systems. We show how they can be realized by real-world protocols, and how they can be used to assert security of time-reliant applications — specifically, certificates with revocation and expiration times. This allows for relatively clear and modular treatment of the use of time consensus in security-sensitive systems.,,Our modeling and analysis are done within the existing UC framework, in spite of its asynchronous, event-driven nature. This allows incorporating the use of real time within the existing body of analytical work done in this framework. In particular it allows for rigorous incorporation of real time within cryptographic tools and primitives.


Social values, as well as the state of society at a certain time, are optimally reflected in the contents and methods of education of new generations. When it comes to Roman education, Marcus Fabius Quintilian belongs to those who placed the social ideal at the center of education and subordinated everything else to it. In the 1st century. D., distinguished himself as a teacher of rhetoric by theorizing about the education of orators and, also, by giving examples for practice. He accepted the task that was somehow imposed on him - to write a work based on many years of experience - how to raise a perfect orator. The Institutio Oratoria is a completely preserved work that determines the stages and methods of mastering the art of oratory from the earliest age of a child. As far as it is known, it is the only preserved systematic ancient pedagogical reflection. This paperwork tries to concisely present the principles that Quintilian considered fundamental in education, which resulted in a perfect Roman orator. The presentation of principles was done by analyzing historical sources and comparing them with contemporary pedagogical concepts.


Background: Dysregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl and its ligand Gas6 has been shown to promote the progression of osteosarcoma and correlates with poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify the role of Gas6/ Axl for anti-apoptosis as induced by cisplatin (DDP) and methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy and to analyze the relationship between P-Axl and apoptosis-related proteins in osteosarcoma.
Method: Cultured osteosarcoma cell lines MG63, 143B and U2OS were used for apoptosis assays, Axl siRNA transfection, cytotoxicity assays, cell cycle analysis, and other assessment methods. A total of 41 cases of osteosarcoma patients were included for immunohistochemistry staining and clinicopathological relative analysis. TUNEL assay was performed in ten pair's cases for apoptosis detection and relative analysis of P-Axl.
Results: Among the osteosarcoma cell lines, Gas6 could obviously protect tumor cells from apoptosis induced by DDP and MTX by binding to Axl (P<0.05). Axl siRNA transfection enhanced cell apoptosis, whereas Gas6 was unable to function upon previous knockdown of Axl. Among the 41 osteosarcoma cases, the positive rate of Bcl-2, Bax, and P-Axl was 70.7%, 36.6%, and 85.4%, respectively. In osteofibrous dysplasia, the positive rate of them was 22.2%, 11.1%, and 14.6%, respectively. The expression levels of these apoptosis-related factors were significantly higher in osteosarcoma than in osteofibrous dysplasia (P<0.05). Through clinico-pathological analysis, there were significant relationships between the survival status and Bcl-2 or Bax expression (P<0.05). TUNEL assay also demonstrated that P-Axl high expression inhibited apoptosis in osteosarcoma tissues. By Cox univariate analysis, Bcl-2 or Bax was correlated with the patients' prognosis. Importantly, Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that Bcl-2 was positively correlated to P-Axl with statistical significance (r=0.842, P<0.0001).
Conclusion: Gas6/Axl protects osteosarcoma cells from the apoptosis induced by DDP and MTX chemotherapy and inhibits apoptosis in osteosarcoma tissue, possibly through the regulation of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2.


This study examines the self-reported ethics of both current and future advertising practitioners, and compares their responses to four scenarios and 17 statements on advertising ethics. Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to determine the extent to which both groups applied the classical ethical theory of deontology to the scenarios and statements. Results indicate significant differences between both groups. For example, current advertising practitioners are significantly less likely than future practitioners to apply deontology to decision making. The implications of these results are discussed and suggestions for future research are outlined.


Anaerobic biodegradation is one of the most important natural attenuation mechanisms for contaminants in the vadose zone. It is responsible for preventing many organic pollutants from reaching the aquifer. It has usually been modeled by a first-order decay term (constant first-order growth rate for microorganisms). However, actual degradation may involve many microbial guilds, which may thrive and die one after another. Hence, modeling through a constant decay rate might not be scientifically accurate. First-order growth rate predicts an exponentially increasing biomass concentration. However, temporal oscillations in biomass concentration were experimentally observed through different methods of biomass estimation. Total proteins in the samples were estimated as an indication of the biomass. This method cannot distinguish between material derived from dead and living bacteria (protein). DNA-based methods, both spectrophotometric and fluorometric, have been also used as an indication of biomass growth. Total DNA from the digester samples was extracted and estimated in a spectrophotometer and in a fluorometer. Normalized growth data have been presented. Results show that the kinetics is oscillatory and complex. The fluorometric method was more sensitive and revealed more intricate oscillations in biomass growth. A regression equation for biomass growth has been presented, which can be used in lieu of a first-order growth rate, and for simulating transport of municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate contaminant through the vadose zone. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HZ.2153-5515.0000158. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Anaerobic treatment; Biological processes; Solid wastes; Landfills; Bacteria; Leaching; Waste digestion; Kinetics.


The last decade has seen increasing concerns from those on the right over voter fraud, despite little to no evidence of such fraud actually occurring. In recent research, Brian J. Fogarty found no link between the amount of voter fraud and its coverage in local newspapers, and that battleground states and states that had recently passed restrictive voter identification laws saw a significant increase in voter fraud coverage.


The invention relates to a synchronous repair and sunscreen composite nano emulsion for skin injury from ultraviolet A radiation and ultraviolet B radiation and a method for preparing the same. The product is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 9.0 to 13 percent of isopropyl myristate, 25.0 to 33 percent of caprylocaproyl macrogolglyceride, 8.5 to 15 percent of polyglyceryl fatty acid ester, 33 to 46 percent of triple distilled water, 0.002 to 0.004 percent of superoxide dismutase, 0.25 to 0.4 percent of glutathione, 1 to 3 percent of vitamin E, 1.5 to 3 percent of coenzyme Q10, 0.8 to 1.6 percent of 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diketone, 2.0 to 5.0 percent of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, 0.6 to 2.0 percent of 4-methyl benzylidene camphor, 0.03 to 0.2 percent of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of citric acid and 0.5 to 2.0 percent of sodium citrate. The composite nano emulsion greatly improves the stability, safety and sunscreen effect of the sunscreen functional ingredient, can prevent the skin from being further damaged by the ultraviolet radiation and synchronously achieve the repair effect while serving as sunscreen.


1. A tip (400) having an outer surface defining a leading edge (401), a rear surface (405) substantially opposite to the front edge (401) that opens through the rear surface (405) internal cavity (430), which includes below it a locking cavity (420) provided with a locking opening (421) directed from the locking cavity (420) to the outer body surface, and a groove (410) located below the interior cavity (430), which includes one side, disposed at the rear surface (405) and an opposite side positioned at the locking cavity (420). ! 2. Tip (400) according to claim 1, characterized in that the castle cavity (420) has a conical shape. ! 3. The tip (400) of claim 1 comprising an upper portion (402), a lower portion (403) and opposite side portions (404) extending between the upper portion (402) and the bottom portion (403), characterized in that the upper portion (402), a lower portion (403) and lateral portions (404) form the outer surface of the excavating body. ! 4. The tip (400) according to claim 3, characterized in that the upper portion (402), a lower portion (403) and lateral portions (404) are convergent, forming a front edge (401). ! 5. A tip (400) according to claim 3, characterized in that the castle cavity (420) formed on one side of the selected areas (404). ! 6. Tip (400) according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking aperture (421) has a noncircular shape. ! 7. The tip (400) according to claim 1, characterized in that the castle cavity (420) further includes a circumferential annular groove (422). !eight. The tip (400) according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove (410) comprises a bottom wall (412) and opposite sidewalls (411). ! 9. Nozzle (400) according to claim 8, characterized in that the side


Introduction: This study compares two commonly practised methods of didactic teaching employed during theory classes i.e., power point presentation and blackboard teaching, and evaluates the impact of substituting these age-old techniques with case discussions based on real life clinical scenarios. Setting and Design: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India. Subjects and Methods: A total of 198 first year MBBS students participated in the study during the period September 2015 to June 2016. The tool used was a pretested questionnaire which served as a feedback form. The obtained data was systemically tabulated. A SPSS software was used to analyze the data and appropriate pie charts and tables were drawn. Results: A large majority of students found case discussions to be far more interesting and useful from the perspective of learning and understanding. Conclusion: Didactic teaching methods do not contribute significantly to the knowledge base of the students. Case discussions, which highlight the clinical relevance of the subject through real life situations are a far more effective and robust method for developing a keener understanding of biochemistry among the students.


New aspects of the two-level Kondo (TLK) effect and the strongly coupled local electron–phonon (LEP) system are studied by the Wilson numerical renormalization group method. It turns out that there exist strong-coupling fixed points for both systems which can be mapped on the antiferromagnetic pseudo-spin sd-model, if the bare coupling is chosen moderately strong. In the case of TLK model, it is found that there exsist two different strong-coupling regions one of which is found for the first time, and that there exists a zero-coupling region as well. In the case of LEP system, in which three low-lying phonon levels are taken into account, it is found that there exist a strong-coupling fixed point which corresponds to the effective potential of ionic motion with double-well character. An analysis of LEP system based on the poorman's scaling with Lee algebra of SU(3) is also discussed.


A new species of dendrobatid frog of the genus Mannophryne is described from Peninsula de Paria, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. The new taxon, closely related to M. trinitatis, an endemic species of Trinidad, was for a long time considered a continental population of this species. External morphology and call characteristics provide taxonomic distinction between the continental and the insular species, while mitochondrial DNA supports a sister taxon relationship between them. The new species differs from the other members of the genus by its small size (mean snout-vent length 21.5 mm in females, 19.4 mm in males), unpigmented and not well-defined collar and reduced foot webbing. Additionally, the new taxon can be distinguished from Mannophryne trinitatis by: 1) dorsal coloration with a well contrasted pattern; 2) pale dorsolateral stripes not well defined; 3) a paler brown pigmentation on palms and soles; 4) diffuse inguinal stripes; 5) dark markings absent along the anterior margins of forelimbs; 6) advertisement call with a single frequency-modulated note; and 7) differences in 16S and COI mtDNA sequences. Comments on natural history, biogeography and conservation status are provided.


Ever since Alfred Marshall introduced the notion of consumer's surplus into the literature as a measure of well-being, economists have been interested in determining the amount of compensation required to leave individuals indifferent between the status quo and a new situation where less of a commodity can be consumed (for example, due to an increase in prices). The Hicksian and Kaldor-Hicks criteria of specifying compensation variations may be appropriate for normal market goods where there is a wellspecified demand curve. The analysis is less applicable for dealing with environmental resources where elements of risk are involved, or there exist public good features that make it difficult to estimate people's values for different amenities (V. Kerry Smith, 1989). This paper investigates the question of the appropriate role that providing benefits to a host community (possibly in the form of compensation) can play in improving the chances of siting a facility that is perceived to be potentially hazardous. In Section I, we develop a simple twoperiod expected utility model to explain preferences for benefit packages. The empirical analysis examining the predictive power of this model will be related to the following problem of current interest: The U.S. Congress is attempting to locate a site for storing high-level radioactive waste from commercial nuclear power plants in the United States. An underground repository is to be constructed 2000 feet below the earth's surface for the purpose of permanently storing nuclear waste shipped in casks from power plants around the country. Once filled to capacity, the repository would be sealed to minimize any radiation leakage. Based on the results of a telephone survey of residents of Nevada regarding their attitudes toward a high-level nuclear waste repository, we suggest ways that the expected utility model might be modified to take into account behavioral factors that are not normally considered part of individual models of choice under uncertainty. These factors may be useful in determining when compensation will be a useful tool in facilitating the siting process.


In order to provide a stable and reliable communication channel for low-voltage meter reading system in the last mile in distribution network, this paper proposes an integrated communication solution based on OFDM modulation, which can connect the low-voltage meter to the 10 k V distribution automation network seamlessly. This paper introduces the performance characteristics of G3-PLC standard, and analyzes the service polling time through simulation. The simulation results show that this integrated solution can well satisfy the communication demand of low-voltage meter reading system.


An automatic authoring system for the generation of pictorial transcripts of video programs which are accompanied by closed caption information is presented. A number of key frames, each of which represents the visual information in a segment of the video (i.e., a scene), are selected automatically by performing a content-based sampling of the video program. The textual information is recovered from the closed caption signal and is initially segmented based on its implied temporal relationship with the video segments. The text segmentation boundaries are then adjusted, based on lexical analysis and/or caption control information, to account for synchronization errors due to possible delays in the detection of scene boundaries or the transmission of the caption information. The closed caption text is further refined through linguistic processing for conversion to lower- case with correct capitalization. The key frames and the related text generate a compact multimedia presentation of the contents of the video program which lends itself to efficient storage and transmission. This compact representation can be viewed on a computer screen, or used to generate the input to a commercial text processing package to generate a printed version of the program.


The computer programs of solving fluid dynamics equations is an important tool in complex engineer research and design.It is very important problem of code verification.A key part of code verification is the method of manufactured solutions.This paper is a summary for the method of constructing manufactured solutions and applying to fluid dynamics equations.First,applying Lie group theory,we find some exact solutions of the equations.Second,we also provide the technological process and rules of constructing manufactured solutions.Last,we provide code verifications for several examples of fluid dynamics equations.


ABSTRACT This paper discusses ontologies of the digital model. The adoption of 3D imaging techniques into fine art practice redefines conventional typological distinctions, including image and object categories, and proposes new methods of composition and aggregation. How do the instrumental tools of technologised sensing inflect knowledge production? Archaeological imaging practices, in this case photogrammetry, have been brought into the apparatus of art practice producing technical objects with a distinct and contingent temporality that operates between the mnemonic and the affective. Such objects may be described as skeuomorphs, or container-forms. What might be produced and deduced from accidental outcomes of the 3D process and through provocative misapplications?


This paper reports neutron diffraction experiments on high temperature Cu–13.1Al–4.0Ni (wt.%) shape memory alloy single crystals. The Cu–13.1%Al–4%Ni (wt.%) single crystal wires having nominal dimensions of 2.0 mm (diameter) and 100 mm (length) were subjected to tensile load at room temperature and at 175°C (well above the austenitic finish temperature). Diffraction patterns were acquired at various stress levels. The growth and decay of different variants during the ( ) 18R monoclinic martensite reorientation under load were identified. Neutron diffraction results at 175 and 200°C were used to study the biased martensitic variant formation during the (β1) cubic austenite to ( ) 18R monoclinic martensite transformation under load. The observed results are correlated with stress-overall strain data obtained from experiments carried out at different test temperatures in an Instron machine with a high temperature environmental chamber.


Waste management is the collection, transportation, processing or disposal, monitoring, and managing of waste materials. It tries to reduce the harmful environmental impact of each through different methods, which include but not limited to landfill, incineration, recycling, biological processing, and reduction methods. Generation, utilization and disposal of waste is increasingly becoming a significant problem in many cities of the world, with an exploding world population estimated to have a global doubling time now less than twenty years. This research focuses on energy recovery as a viable method of disposal of non-hazardous biomass components of municipal solid waste with a prototype waste kraft lignin material using the thermochemical liquefaction process. The process used high pressure, high temperature in the presence of kraft lignin, slurry solvent, and a suitable catalyst to produce a mixture of gases, liquid, and solid capable of been used as fuels and chemicals and providing an alternative to the other methods. This value-adding process serves a dual purpose of providing a source of energy and providing an alternative waste management method.


With increasing photovoltaic (PV) installations, large amounts of time series data from utility-scale PV systems such as meteorological data and string level measurements are collected [1, 2]. Due to fluctuations in irradiance and temperature, PV data is highly stochastic. Spatio-temporal differences with potential time-lagged correlation are also exhibited, due to the wind directions affecting cloud movements [3]. Coupling these variations with different types of PV systems in terms of power output and wiring configuration, as well as localised PV effects like partial shading and module mismatches, lengthy time series data from solar systems are highly multi-dimensional and challenging to process. In addition, these raw datasets can rarely be used directly due to the possibly high noise and irrelevant information embedded in them. Moreover, it is challenging to operate directly on the raw datasets, especially when it comes to visualizing and analyzing these data. On this point, the Pareto principle, or better-known as the 80/20 rule, commonly applies: researchers and solar engineers often spend most of their time collecting, cleaning, filtering, reducing and formatting the data.
In this work, a data analytics algorithm is applied to mitigate some of the complexities and make sense of the large time series data in PV systems. Each time series is treated as an individual entity which can be characterized by a set of generic or application-specific features. This reduces the dimension of the data, i.e., from hundreds of samples in a time series to a few descriptive features. It is is also easier to visualize big time series data in the feature space, as compared to the traditional time series visualization methods, such as the spaghetti plot and horizon plot, which are informative but not very scalable. The time series data is processed to extract features through clustering and identify correspondence between specific measurements and geographical location of the PV systems. This characterisation of the time series data can be used for several PV applications, namely, (1) PV fault identification, (2) PV network design and (3) PV type pre-design for PV installation in locations with different geographical attributes.


MD simulations are performed using LAMMPS [1]. A Velocity Verlet integrator is employed with a timestep of 1 fs. Isothermal and isobaric simulations are performed around the melting point at ambient pressure using the Stochastic Velocity Rescaling Thermostat [2] and the Parrinello-Rahman barostat [3] integrated with the one of Martyna et al. [4]. The relaxation times for the thermostat and the barostat are set at 0.1 ps and 10 ps, respectively. The simulations for the training set use the Stillinger-Weber empirical potential for Si [5]. The number of atoms is 216, corresponding to a 3x3x3 supercell. For the simulations with the DeePMD potential system sizes of 216, 1728 and 4096 are used. The calculation of the collective variables and of the Metadynamics bias are done with PLUMED 2 [6], patched with LAMMPS. PLUMED is used also for post-processing the data in order to recover the free energy surface.


KUHP does not only regulate non-prohibited rules that are criminal in nature or violations. but also fully regulates legal protection. as is the case in limited or noodweer cleavage. The limited defense itself is still divided into an extraordinary limited defense or noodweer excess. The problem is that there is a time lag that needs to be explained further because in general the time lag is only said to be instantaneous when a threat or attack occurs. and the lack of explanation of the instantaneous word itself. The approach used in this research is the statutory approach and the conceptual approach, the case approach of this normative research. With such a methodological approach, the time lag for the forced defense can be explained in detail.
Keywords : KUHP; Limited Defense; Noodweer; Noodweer excess


Ethnogeopolitics is a new concept, indicating an emerging
multidisciplinary field of research. Its definition and scope of study depends much on those of
related (sub-) disciplines, particularly those of geopolitics. There is no general consensus on the
definitions of geopolitics and ethnopolitics, and hence ethnogeopolitics also cannot be easily or
non-controversially defined. In order to be able to define ethnogeopolitics as an academic field,
one has to define what is politics and political science, ethnicity, ethnopolitics and geopolitics.