Group nursing in a psycho-geriatric unit is described. All patients in the ward are divided into groups according to their psychological and physical status and abilities. A group activity program in which all patients in the group are required to participate is planned in advance. Activities including hygiene, industrial therapy, exercise, and ward duties are planned in accordance with the abilities of the patients. Patients are evaluated daily to determine their progress. The meaningful results obtained within the First six months show that group nursing is effective although a number of problems were experienced.


The boundary line between the ferromagnetic and the spin-glass phases was investigated. Finite size corrections to the free energy and magnetization were calculated. The situation coincides with the case in the information theory, when the transmission rate equals to the capacity of channel.


We know the events of only five or six years in the life of Severian of Gabala, from A.D. 398 or 399 to 404. We are told that Severian was Syrian by birth and spoke Greek with a Syriac accent. His brother bishop and friend Antiochus of Ptolemais went to Constantinople, probably very soon after Chrysostom's episcopal consecration on 15 December 397 or 26 February 398, and earned a great deal of money preaching. Severian decided to follow his friend's example and went to the imperial capital in 398 or 399 to make his fortune. He was well received by Chrysostom; his preaching was evidently a great success, and he became known to many in high office as well as to the emperor Arcadius and the empress Eudoxia.


This paper presents a new approach of input-output feedback linearization control applied to the three-phase three-level four-wire neutral point clamped (NPC) converter. Under the proposed control strategy, the NPC converter demonstrates the capability to achieve simultaneously two tasks. The first task is to operate as a nonpolluting rectifier by regulating and nearly equalizing the two dc capacitor voltages while providing power to the dc loads. It is worthy of note that the voltage imbalance between the upper and lower capacitors and the neutral current represent a well-known problem in the three-level NPC converters. As a second task the NPC converter will behave as a shunt active power filter (SAPF) to compensate current harmonics, unbalances and reactive power produced by a combination of single-phase and three-phase nonlinear loads connected at the point of common coupling on the grid. The multivariable state space model of the NPC converter in the dq0 synchronous reference frame is used to design the nonlinear controller which is based on the input-output feedback linearization. It is shown that the model zero-dynamics is asymptotically stable ensuring the local stability of the internal dynamics. The proposed control strategy applied to the NPC converter is verified by computer simulations. The system stability is confirmed under severe dynamic changes in the operation conditions. The results of conducted simulations validate the viability and effectiveness of the NPC converter to maintain grid side currents balanced and near sinusoidal with unity displacement power factor. The simulation results also confirm the capability of the NPC converter to stabilize the dc voltages while supplying unbalanced dc loads.


2,3-Dihydro-6-methoxycarbonyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,4-thiazin-3-one has been isolated from the reaction of 6-β-aminopenicillanic acid with sodium nitrite in methanolic hydrogen chloride. The mechanism of this rearrangement has been investigated and a pathway is proposed.


Ethnicization of politics is extremely prevalent in Afghanistan. It turned out to be an essential component of the Bonn Agreement of 2001, which aimed to put an end to the civil wars and to outbalance ethnic applications to overcome the prolonged conflict. This research explores the role of the factors that added to the ethnocentricity promotion in Afghan society post-2001. It demonstrates how the political display of ethnicity in Afghan politics and ethnocentricity promotion have manipulated the political structure of Afghanistan. This research study is qualitative in nature, and the analysis is based on secondary sources. The study outlines the spread of ethnicity in Afghanistan on two grounds, including internal as well as external factors. The reasons include tribalism, mismatched leadership and corruption; control of material and spiritual resources; marginalization of some ethnic groups; and strategic goals and interests of regional stakeholders that exacerbate the spread of ethnocentricity in Afghanistan. The study recommends a strong central government to keep the ethnic card players in check, and in the meantime, the government should provide equal opportunities to all ethnic groups and eradicate discrimination from the governmental structure. The government needs to allocate national annual budgets properly, which can address grievances from regions and rural areas, and take steps to ensure the inclusion of all ethnic groups.


This article investigates the attitude control and stability analysis of an electric solar wind sail (E-sail) by considering elastic deflection of tethers while assuming main spacecraft and remote units as point masses. The attitude and orbital motion of the E-sail is analyzed by a high-order high-fidelity E-sail model derived from the nodal position finite-element method, where the attitude angles are implicitly described via the nodal coordinates. To overcome the difficulty in handling the stability analysis of high-order model under the Lyapunov framework, the E-sail's attitude dynamics is approximated explicitly by a reduced order analytical model with only three attitude angles. A sliding mode control law is proposed for the E-sail attitude control based on the reduced order analytical E-sail model and its stability is proved by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, two schemes are derived to map the control torque to either the control thrust at remote units or the voltages of main tethers respectively, which are applied to the high-fidelity E-sail model for attitude control. Numerical simulation demonstrates that the proposed control law performs similarly with the high-fidelity and reduced order analytical E-sail models if proper control gains are selected. It shows that the control law developed from the reduced order analytical E-sail model can stably control the attitude of a real E-sail. The investigation also indicates that the high-order flexible E-sail model provides an effective virtual testbed to evaluate the E-sail attitude control strategy derived from the reduced order attitude dynamics.


Network function virtualization (NFV) and virtual network function (VNF) service chaining are receiving a significant attention from both academic and industry. However, most of attentions have been concentrated on delivering the flexible network architecture and optimization of VNF placement across the network infrastructure. In this paper, we focus on an important aspect of the network after its architecture is formed and its VNF placements are optimized. This aspect is related to the efficiency and effectiveness of VNF provisioning, lack of visibilities on the location of VNF, flexibility of VNF placement and VNF splitting into multiple sub-functions. This can be considered as a security issue covering the anomalies of the VNF orchestration and placement during the operation. We propose a VNF service chain anomalies detection method based on the Markov chain property in order to ensure the correctness of VNFs backward and forward placement and the K-means classification of VNF sequence patterns. This method identifies the patterns of VNF service chaining sequence in a correct behavior. This work is not just observing the existing network behavior, it also can be extended to identify the correctness of the sequence order of a new VNF service chaining request.


The aluminide coating process of Ti-6Al-4V alloys with different fillers(100wt.% Al_2O_3,50wt% Y_2O_3+50wt.% Al_2O_3 and 100wt.% Y_2O_3) for improvement of the oxidation resistance were investigated.The results show that the filler does not only participate in the aluminizing process,but also has much effect on the coating composition.The XRD analysis reveals that the aluminide coating with filler Al_2O_3 is predominant with TiAl_3 and TiAl phases;while the aluminide coatings with filler Y_2O_3+Al_2O_3 are predominant with Ti_3Al phase.The oxidation kinetics shows that different fillers affect greatly the oxidation resistance of aluminide coating,and the oxidation resistance of aluminized specimens with pack aluminizing filler Al_2O_3 are about 5-8 times than that of the aluminized specimens with other pack aluminizing fillers.


This article discusses the dialectics of class identifications in the case of a shipbuilding community of workers in Greece. Unlike other working-class segments that went through the traumas of the recent economic crisis silently, the workers of Perama Zone attracted the attention of the public discourse on more than one occasion. The violent far-right activism that encroached on the formerly thriving industrial communities of the wider area have reopened an old discussion about the relationship of the working class with fascism. Analysing interview and ethnographic material, the article focuses on the discursive processes of class identity formation. Class as an (im)possible identity is examined through the lenses of sociological and psychodynamic distinctions between identity and identification drawing on the broader literature of cultural class analysis. The overarching aim of the study is to explore the opportunities and limitations of the far-right appeal when class is at work through affirmation and/or negation.


We develop an algorithm to simulate a Gaussian stochastic process that is non-δ-correlated in both space and time coordinates. The colored noise obeys a linear reaction-diffusion Langevin equation with Gaussian white noise. This equation is exactly simulated in a discrete Fourier space.


A 54-year-old man was admitted to our department because of shortness of breath and palpitation. He had hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed severe mitral regurgitation and prolapsing segment of the posterior mitral valve (Picture A, C). Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) was performed for the assessment of the individual mitral valve segments. 3D TEE findings facilitate the diagnosis of prolapse and chordae rupture of P2 scallop (Picture B, D). Chordae tendinae rupture (CTR) is one of the major causes of mitral regurgitation. However bacterial endocardi-


Abstract Managing children's depression in the classroom is a major issue in rural schools and it is not unique to Limpopo Province. The aim of the study was to investigate how teachers manage children's depression to promote mental health in the classroom. A qualitative research method was used. Purposeful sampling procedure was used to select eight teachers who teach Foundation Phase children. In depth interviews were used as a data collection tool. The study findings revealed that teachers were not fully knowledgeable about children's depression. Their perceived knowledge lacked the level of confidence necessary to recognize the behavioral symptoms of depression as diagnostic criteria. The study concluded that these children should receive sustained environmental support from the parents and teachers. The study recommended that teachers should provide strong support to the children with regard to their depression. Teachers should be encouraged to find out more about the children's home background and neighborhood.


ABSTRACT This study compared grandparent–grandchild groups who experienced an informal science exhibition by visiting a museum or by visiting a website. Although intergenerational learning is often the focus of visitor research, few studies have focused specifically on grandparents as an audience. Do they have unique intergenerational needs that museums and websites are not yet supporting? Do they find museums and websites to be good places to learn alongside their grandchildren? The authors' findings suggested that grandparents prefer museums as locations for intergenerational learning because the museum environment is more supportive of social engagement in ways that allow grandparents to accomplish their own visiting agendas. In contrast, the web appeared to introduce conflict between grandparent and grandchild agendas.


Cocaine (C) abuse is a major public health problem. To study the effects of C abuse on the course of pregnancy and infant development, we have been following 2 groups of pregnant women; one on C and one drug-free. The data were analyzed in 3 groups: GP1, drug-free; GP2, methadone maintenance(M) and C abuse; GP3, C used in combination with marijuana and/or alcohol. For all findings reported, p<.05. GPs 2&3 commenced prenatal care later, with less frequent clinic visits and less adequate nutrition. Beer consumption was higher in GP2; hard liquor intake in GP3. C abuse was similar in both groups, but marijuana abuse was greater in GP3. Drug abuse decreased as gestation progressed.There were no differences in the incidence of perinatal complications, 5min. Apgar score, or gestational age. However, mean birthweight, head circumference(HC), and length(L) were significantly smaller in GP2. Mild to moderate withdrawal symptoms occur red in 73% of GP2 and 25% of GP3. Neonatal course was similar in all groups. Infants with an uncomplicated course were enrolled in follow-up. At 6 mo., GP2 again demonstrated smaller weight, HC, and L, and more frequent hypertonici ty and irritabi1ity. The groups did not differ on the Bayley Scales or any other variables.In conclusion, C abusers comprise a high risk group during pregnancy, with frequent multidrug abuse and poor nutrition. The infants of mothers on both M and C appear to be at greatest risk for low weight, HC, and L from birth through 6 mo. While infants of C abusers did not differ from controls in growth and development, only further follow-up will show if any longterm effects occur.


Comprehensive near-infrared, far-infrared, and CO measurements of the Sharpless 156 region reveal five distinct sources embedded in a giant molecular cloud. These embedded sources, which appear to have formed independently within the cloud, form a diverse collection of objects; these include a prestellar condensation, massive stars with associated reflection and emission nebulosity, a bright compact H II region, and possibly even a luminous, post--main-sequence M star. The majority of the cloud has been mapped in /sup 12/CO and /sup 13/CO and has been surveyed at 2.2 ..mu..m. We also present 40--160 ..mu..m far-infrared maps and 1--20 ..mu..m near-infrared photometry of the active regions along with 6'' resolution 10 ..mu..m and 20 ..mu..m maps of the central nebula. Inquiry is made into the nature of each source and into the process of star formation for the complex as a whole.


This study investigated the daily relationships between mindfulness and job satisfaction via affect, and mindfulness and task performance via problem solving confidence. Participants were 57 full-time and part-time employees who completed a baseline survey and five daily diary entries. Data were analyzed using multilevel modelling approach. On days when they experienced greater mindfulness, employees also experienced (a) greater daily job satisfaction via high-activation positive affect (but not low-activation positive affect, nor negative affect); and (b) greater daily self-reported task performance, via problem solving confidence. Our findings suggest that daily high-activation positive affect and problem solving confidence may be important mechanisms of mindfulness at work. Growing evidence links mindfulness to work-related outcomes, however limited research has investigated the mechanisms involved. The present study is one of the first to collect empirical observations regarding how state mindfulness operates at work on a daily basis, providing support for both affective and cognitive pathways. Advances in this area can underpin a robust theoretical framework to guide the implementation of daily mindfulness practice and interventions targeting specific work-related outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The present study proposes an experimental exploration of the Romanian novel written between 1920 and 1940 through the use of stylometry, a method of distant reading employed for the statistical analysis of style. Drawing from the most recent advances in the field of computational stylistics, we select a formal standpoint from which we seek to investigate the relation between the Romanian novelistic canon and minor, tertiary novels published in the same. In our test cases, we will attempt to establish some of the more promising aspects of stylometric analysis, as well as single out the experiments that yield no relevant result. Because of the relative novelty of the method, the purpose of our investigations is to offer a kind of pilot experiment that can illustrate the benefits of using computational methods on Romanian literary corpora.


SPROUT is the integrated system which execute several operation simultaneously to resolve the issues of farming, which are causing a huge trouble now a days in the society of farmers. In India, agriculture plays an important role for development of food production. Agriculture depends on the monsoons which is not sufficient source of water. So the irrigation is used in agriculture field. In irrigation system depends upon the soil type, water availability, moisture content, etc. In this paper automatic irrigation system which is based on IoT setup. The model shows the basic switching system mechanism of water motor using sensors from any part of field by sensing the moisture, water source, etc. In present days especially farmers are facing major problems in watering their agriculture fields, it's because they have no proper idea about when the power is available so that they can pump water. Even after then they need to wait until the field is properly watered, which makes them to stop doing other activities. Here is an idea which helps not only farmers even for watering the gardens also, which senses the soil moisture and switches the pump automatically why the power is 'ON'. Every hour a SMS notification is sent to the farmer's mobile about the present condition of the farm. Current temperature, pH(potential of Hydrogen) level of the soil & possibility of rain data can be accessed the Web-interface.


Photocatalytic properties of 2,5-furandicarbocylic acid (FDCA), a model organic molecule used for bio-related polymers production, is reported for the first time. Further integration of FDCA into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) structures' and its subsequent silver-based photoactivation creates the next generation of hybrids with controlled morphologies capable to form sensorial platforms for model phenol contaminant detection. The mechanisms that allow photocatalytic functionality is shown to be driven by the charge carrier generation in an organic molecule either in its alone or integrated form and are discussed relative to sample's physical and chemical properties as investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction respectively. Electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry (CV) confirmed detection capability for p-nitrophenol (p-NP) with high sensitivity as dictated by the selective electron migration as well as escape recombination to generate highly reactive radicals for improved sample-related performance at a user-controlled electrode interface. Considering the wide usage of p-NP and its increased discharge shown to lead to harmful effects on both the environment and biosystems, this new method's integration is envisioned to allow effective control and regulation of p-NP release, all under low-cost and environmentally friendly conditions.


A rare case of malignant lymphoma arising in the paranasal sinuses with orbital apex syndrome is reported. The patient was a 52-year-old women with a complaint of headache, double vision and pain in her eye. CT scans showed a slightly hyperdense shadow in the bilateral ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses with slight ring enhancement, but neither bone destruction nor mass was seen in the paranasal sinuses. We therefore diagnosed sinusitis with orbital apex syndrome and endoscopic sinus surgery was done as an emergency procedure to decompress the bilateral ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. The histological diagnosis was malignant lymphoma of the diffuse large B cell type. The patient was treated by chemotherapy at the blood internal department and the clinical symptoms of her eye have now improved. Distinguishing between malignant lymphoma in paranasal sinuses and sinusitis on diagnostic images is difficult, so it is thought that surgical treatment for biopsy should be performed immediately.


Two of the effects on animals of cyclopropenoid fatty acids, as they are found in Sterculia foetida and cottonseed oil, are the alteration of sexual development and function in female rats and chickens and a hardening of the body fat and egg yolk fat. It is generally accepted that there is a high correlation between the amount and kind of fatty acids in the diet and the plasma cholesterol concentration of animals. In this thesis the effect of the cyclopropenoid fatty acids upon the plasma cholesterol concentration of White Leghorn cockerels is reported. When cottonseed oil, or approximately the same quantity of cyclopropenoid fatty acids supplied by Sterculia foetida oil, was fed to cockerels as 5$ of the diet no significant differences in plasma cholesterol were noted. However, when 200 mg. of Sterculia foetida oil was fed per day there was a significant increase in plasma cholesterol concentrations along with significantly enlarged gall bladders and livers.


The study reveals the left ventricular remodeling in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure (CHF) in association with angiotensin-converting enzyme (I/D) gene and angiotensinogen (M235Т) polymorphism. Genotyping was performed through the use of polymerase chain reaction. Predominance of left ventricular heart eccentric type in patients with CHF was noted. A large incidence of the D allele angiotensin converting enzyme gene in patients with eccentric remodeling was revealed. The study results show absence of patients with the angiotensinogen gene TT-genotype in concentric myocardium remodeling group.


Let me begin by thanikinig you for your kindnlzess in electing me to the position of president of the Ulster Medical Society for the session 1933-4. It is an honour which I greatly appreciate and of which I am very proud. When I consider the names of the men who have held this position since 1906, when I became a member of the Society, and that distinguished line extending back to 1862, I feel elated to be admitted to their company, and shall try to emnulate their example, anid hope that in the discharge of my duties I shall not dlishonour the trust you have reposed in me. My next duty is to refer to the loss the Society has sustained during the past year in the deatlh of four of its Fellows. I had the privilege of enjoying the friendship of all of them. The Society and the community are much poorer since their passinig. Dr. Hugh William Bailie obtained his medlical qualifications in Edinburgh in 1888, and for many years had an extensive practice in Belfast. In 1905 he obtained the D.P.H. of the Royal College in Dublin, and soon after was appointed Superintendent MIedical Officer of Health of Belfast. He had, at the start, to reorganize the Public Health Department, and did it so efficiently that it has required little alterationi, but only slight extension, by his successor. The improvement of the public health of Belfast (luring his twenty years' service, was in no small measure due to the work of his Department, and is to him a worthy memorial. For many years Dr. Bailie was Lecturer in Public Health Administration and Examiner for the Diploma in Public Health at Queen's University. Dr. Bailie was a modest, unassuming man, but those who knew him found him a loyal and helpful friend. Dr. John Tate Creery was one of the oldest of our members, having obtained the M.B. degree of Dublin University in 1880. He had an extensive practice in Coleraine, where he was also District Dispensary doctor and medical officer to the Royal Academical lnstitution. In spite of the long journey involved, he was a frequent attender at the meetings of the Society, and enjoyed the respect and affection of the whole medical profession.


In Quantum Biophysical Semeiotics literature we can find 3 different types of Baserga's Signs. The aim of this short article is to clarify the theoretical meaning of each Sign and the QBS methods to detect them. The Classical Baserga's Sign (CB Sign) is useful for the QBS diagnosis at the bed-side of Iron Deficiency by means of assessing bone-marrow endogenous erythropoietin. The Variant Baserga's Sign (VB Sign) is indicated for the clinical diagnosis of Lung Cancer, even silent, and of its Inherited Real Risk. Finally, the Quantum Entanglement Baserga's Sign (QEB Sign) is helpful for a quick diagnosis of Lung Cancer and its Inherited Real Risk, just in one second, taking in account the quantum features of the behaviour of biological systems.


The creation of the Institutional Tutoring Program and Tutorial Action Plan, arises as a strategy of the Technological University of the Southeast of Veracruz to contribute to the student support of young students of higher level. The purpose of the incorporation of information technologies is oriented to timely address the phenomena of desertion, lag and even disapproval observed. Starting from the literature review, analysis of institutional indicators, as well as the use of the methodology of systematization of experiences, it is possible to accommodate electronic student accompaniment, which allows evaluating results through the statistics presented, being favorable, thereby Decision-making is timely, identifying cases of failure to offer academic advice, mitigating up to 20% of school dropouts also highlights the innovation achieved in the management of information allowing its obtaining in real time.


Howard Gardner (1994) observed that "nearly every field begins as philosophy; and psychology continues to foreground its philosophical origins more faithfully than any other discipline" (p. 182). By foreground, no doubt Gardner meant that psychology readily acknowledges and recognizes the prominent role that philosophy played in its creation and development. Philosophy is the parent of psychology. And what a child philosophy begat. Just the other day, my students and I were discussing how amazing it is that an academic discipline of such a tender age should account for the greatest number of academic majors in most universities. Psychology departments are infested with eager suitors, most of whom are unlikely ever to take a philosophy course as part of their program. They are also unlikely to be made aware of philosophy's role in the creation of their discipline. Even in most History of Psychology classes, the philosophical roots are likely dealt with early on and with alacrity so that ample time can be made for the rise of psychodynamic and behaviorist theories, the challenge of the Third Force, and the recent onslaught of the cognitive revolution. I do not find it surprising at all that, after tracing the genesis of educational psychology as outlined in the discipline's texts, Murphy's (2003) students came to the common understanding that the discipline was born out of behaviorism. I would be shocked if they had not come to that conclusion. This divorce between philosophy and psychology (these days one can divorce one's parent) seems to me to be afflicting not only the preparation of our future scholars but also the professional conversation among the field's practitioners. Philosophically oriented discussions in and about educational psychology research or theory are largely absent from our major and mainstream journals. Even at conferences, philosophical discourse seems very much the exception and rather prominently absent from the vast number of symposia, paper sessions, posters, and roundtables. Psychology, and in this issue we are concerned with educational psychology, may readily acknowledge and recognize its parentage, but in most universities, the child has long left home and seldom calls her mother. How appropriate that Alexander (2003), who suggested in her Division 15 presidential address that psychology had lost touch with its roots, should entitle her wonderful introduction to this issue, "Coming Home." When psychological research and theory fail to be undergirded by philosophical understandings, the costs can be high. Philosophical understandings form the paradigmatic world views and foundational tenets that are at the very core of psychological formulating and theorizing. Such understandings form the beliefs and the set of agreements shared by researchers and theorists regarding how the problems within their discipline are to be understood and solved, as well as the methodological practices that will be undertaken to solve them (Kuhn, 1970). Without such foundational understandings, the process of deriving meaning becomes a frustrating enterprise, often serving to distort the very meaning sought. Philosophical understandings form our very vision of reality. Scientific disciplines that distance themselves from their philosophical underpinnings do so at their peril. Kulikowich and DeFranco (2003) are eloquent in describing the tension between our focus on "fallible experience" versus "absolute truth," and they show how educational psychology can be informed by the types of debates that have led to the development of the science of mathematics. Woods (2003) seeks the "particular go" of truth in educational research and practice and like Murphy (2003) frames this particular go within the promulgation of pragmatic thought and practice of Peirce and Royce. Rosiek (2003) calls for a more methodologically diverse educational psychology grounded in a qualitative experimentalism inspired by Dewey's educational philosophy. What each author has in common is the call for a renewed conversation between philosophy and psychology, a conversation aimed at resolving what Bruner (1996) suggested has minimized the perceived relevance of psychological theorizing, promulgating, and professing. At the heart of the matter is their concern that, without such a dialogue, educational psychologists face the difficult task of convincing their constituencies that their theories, constructs, and research findings are both meaningful and relevant. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGIST, 38(3), 177–181 Copyright © 2003, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.


The Electricity Supply Industry (ESI) in the UK was nationalised in 1947 and remained so until privatisation in 1990. On Vesting Day (31 March 1990) the nationalised ESI in England, Wales and Scotland was replaced, in accordance with the 1989 Electricity Act, by 19 separate undertakings. In England and Wales these successor companies comprised the 3 generating companies (National Power, PowerGen and Nuclear Elec tric), the 12 Regional Electricity Companies (RECs) for supply and 1 Transmission Company (the National Grid Company plc) which included the 2 Pumped Storage stations. By the end of 1996 the power stations in England and Wales will be made up of almost 60 centrally despatched power stations (not including auxiliary gas turbines). Thirteen of theses will be owned by non successor companies. The NGC transmission system has a central role linking the generators and the suppliers in the ESI in England and Wales. The transmission is developed to meet the power flows of the NGC customers who use its transmission system to exchange electrical energy. NGC are required under Condition 10 of the Transmission Licence to annually produce a Seven Year Statement covering the seven succeeding financial years. This provides a detailed forecast of customers electrical demand and their view of the generation capacity expected to be available in each of the seven years and provides a view of the generation margin and the power to be transported from one area to another. The paper briefly examines the developments that have taken place since privatisation, the customer forecasts of generation and demand and identifies the uncertainty associated with planning the development of the transmission system to meet future customer needs.


TGF-β1 and high glucose are pivotal factors in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and they induce irreversible renal fibrosis. ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas pathway is also a key mediator in DN. In previous studies, ACE2 and Mas were decreased in DN, meanwhile, high glucose inhibited ACE2 and Mas mRNA in kidney cells. However, the influence of TGF-β1 on ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas pathway remains unclear. Moverover, we also investigated that the interaction between TGF-β1, high glucose and ACE2-Ang-(1–7)-Mas in NRK-52E cells. In our research, the results showed that high glucose inhibited ACE2, Mas and Ang-(1-7) production through TGF-β pathway. TGF-β1 also reduced ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas pathway. Further, Ang-(1-7) inhibited TGF-β1 mRNA expression through Mas receptor、JAK2-STAT3 and PI3K-AKT pathways. However, Ang-(1–7) alone did not attenuate TGF-β1 and high glucose-induced fibronectin and collagen IV protein expression. In contrast, Ang-(1–7) in combination with Mas overexpression attenuated TGF-β1-induced fibronectin. We suggested that there is a negative feedback function between TGF-β1 and ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas pathway. In animal experiment, we detected serum protein of rats with DN by using proteomic techniques. The results showed that the level of serum DBP was changed in diabetic rats. Therefore, our research focus on the role of DBP in DN. First, we confirmed that serum DBP was phosphorylated in diabetic rats. Meanwhile, DBP levels were increased in kidney and liver of diabetic rats, and the pI of DBP was shifted to the lower values. Next, we confirmed that high glucose increased DBP expression in NRK-49F renal fibroblasts and Clone-9 hepatocytes. Finally, we found that vitamin D attenuated of HG-induced renin, collagen IV and fibronectin protein expression in NRK-49F cells, however, DBP silencing only attenuated vitamin D-induced attenuation of HG-induced renin protein expression. In conclusion, both of TGF-β1 and high glucose inhibited the renoprotective effects of ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas pathway, resulting in high level of Ang II. High level of Ang II induced renal fibrosis. Renin is a important enzyme for RAS activation, and DBP is required for vitamin D-induced attenuation of HG-induced renin. Therefore, the efficient inhibitory effect of vitamin D on RAS activation is very important.


Let K be a commutative ring, A a K-algebra, and B a K-subalgebra of A. The object of this paper is to prove some results on higher derivations (in the sense of Jacobson [4]) of B into A. In § 1 we introduce a notion of equivalence among higher derivations. With this notion of equivalence, we prove in § 2 (Theorem 1) that the equivalence classes of higher K-derivations of B into A are in one-one correspondence with the isomorphism classes of certain filtered B ⊗ KA°-modules, where A° denotes the opposite algebra of A.


This note describes a separation-logic-based approach for the specification and verification of safety properties of pointer-manipulating imperative programs. The programmer may declare inductive datatypes and primitive recursive functions for specification. Verification proceeds by symbolic execution using an abstract representation of memory as a separation logic assertion. Folding or unfolding abstract predicate assertions is performed through explicit ghost statements. Lemma functions enable inductive proofs of memory representation equivalences and facts about the primitive recursive functions. An SMT solver is used to solve queries over data values; an algorithm is described that prevents non-termination of the SMT solver while enabling reduction of any ground term. Since no significant search is performed by either the verifier or the SMT solver, verification time is predictable and low. The VeriFast Program Verifier Bart Jacobs ∗ Frank Piessens Department of Computer Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium {bart.jacobs,firstname.lastname@example.com


Azomycin riboside, a congener of the radiosensitizing agent, misonidazole, sensitized hypoxic V79 hamster lung fibroblast cells to radiation and was cytotoxic to these cells. Radiosensitization effectiveness depended on the conditions of hypoxic cell exposure to azomycin riboside (concentration of the latter, time, and temperature). Cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects resulting from exposure to azomycin riboside under anaerobic conditions were not manifested under aerobic conditions. The results presented demonstrate that azomycin riboside is an hypoxic cell radiosensitizer with effectiveness similar to or slightly better than misonidazole under in vitro conditions. The aglycone, azomycin, was weakly cytotoxic and a poor radiosensitizer in the V79 cell system. We have tested the idea that the differences in the efficacies of azomycin and its riboside as hypoxic cell radiosensitizers may be qualitatively related to the "transportability" of these agents by the nucleoside transport mechanism, that is, to their acceptance as substrates for that membrane transport system. Azomycin riboside, but not the aglycone, was shown to be a substrate for the nucleoside transport mechanism in human erythrocytes by demonstrating that exposure to azomycin riboside ( a ) induced inward countertransport of thymidine and ( b ) competitively inhibited thymidine influx in these cells. That V79 cells possess a functional nucleoside transport mechanism was evident in the demonstration of the binding of nitrobenzylthioinosine, a potent inhibitor of nucleoside transport, to high-affinity cellular sites under oxic and hypoxic conditions. Nitrobenzylthioninosine did not impair radiosensitization by azomycin riboside, suggesting that the transporter-mediated entry of azomycin riboside into cells was not a determinant of the radiosensitizing effect under conditions of the assay for that effect. The basis of the contribution of the ribosyl group to the radiosensitizing effect remains uncertain.


Amphoteric terpolymers composed of acrylamide(AM),acrylic acid(AA) and 2-methylacryloylxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(DMC) were prepared via free-radical dispersion polymerization in aqueous ammonium sulfate media using 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionconidine) dihydrochloride(V-50) as initiator and poly(2-methylacryloylxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)(PDMC) as cationic polymeric stabilizer.The influences of the PDMC molecular weight,pH value of reaction medium,reaction temperature and stirring speed on the dispersion system were systemically investigated.The structure was studied by FT-IR and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The dispersions had obvious sphere-phase boundaries and the suitable reaction conditions were as follows: PDMC molecular weight 30×104—46×104,pH value of reaction medium 5.0—6.5,reaction time 55—65 ℃,stirring speed 75—125 r·min-1.


There are periods of time in which the issue of Science unity occupies a forefront of the debates within the Philosophy of science. In this paper we will analyze how this issue became an important one and if it is based on a need of an internal development of Science. We will study the specific theories, the ways in which they were imposed, and what was their role in Science development. We will also explore the ways in which these theories are accepted, and how they are supported by research policies.


We propose the "level parameters" ℓ<inf>0</inf> and ℓ<inf>1</inf> to quantify the concept of two-, three- and four-level laser, for comparing different laser media, operating temperatures, and choices of pump and laser transitions.


Trade credit is created whenever a supplier offers terms that allow the buyer to delay payment. In this paper we document the rich variation in interfirm credit terms and credit policies across industries. We examine empirically the firm's basic credit policy choices: whether to extend credit or to require cash payment; and, if credit is extended, whether to adopt simple net terms or terms with discounts for prompt payment. We also examine determinants of variations in two-part terms. Results are supportive primarily of theories that explain credit terms as contractual solutions to information problems concerning product quality and buyer creditworthiness. Copyright The American Finance Association 1999.


Background In a mouse model of viral induced atopic disease, expression of FcεRI on dendritic cells is critical. While adult human conventional (cDC) and plasmacytoid (pDC) dendritic cells have been shown to express FcεRI, it is not known if this receptor is expressed in childhood and how its expression is governed by IgE. Methods Following informed consent of subjects (n = 27, aged 12–188 months), peripheral blood was stained for surface expression of CD19, ILT7, CD1c, IgE, FcεRI and analyzed by flow cytometry (cDC: CD19− ILT7− CD1c+; pDC: CD19− ILT7+ CD1c−). Total and specific serum IgE levels to food and inhalant allergens were determined by ImmunoCAP, and the relationship between FcεRI expression on dendritic cells and sensitization, free IgE, cell bound IgE, and age was determined. Results Independent of sensitization status, FcεRI expression was noted on cDC and pDC as early as 12 months of age. Serum IgE level correlated with expression of FcεRI on cDC, but not pDC. Based on the concentration of IgE, a complex relationship was found between surface bound IgE and expression of FcεRI on cDC. pDC exhibited a linear relationship of FcεRI expression and bound IgE that was consistent through all IgE concentrations. Conclusions In children, FcεRI expression on cDC and pDC is modulated differently by serum and cell bound IgE. IgE governance of FcεRI expression on cDC depends upon a complex relationship. Further studies are needed to determine the functional roles of FcεRI on cDC and pDC.


A B S T R A C T Identification Dynamic damping properties Young's and shear moduli Experimental modal analysis In this paper dynamic damping properties of a nominated flexible structural adhesive have been identified using an extended-direct modal based joint identification method. It has been revealed that damping characteristics of adhesive are correlated to both frequency and mode shape. Young's and shear moduli increase with frequency but damping on the other hand, decrease. The results showed that mode shape has an important role on the dynamic mechanical properties of adhesive. Modes that dominantly create normal stress on the adhesion surface represent higher stiffness and lower loss factor compared to shear modes. The different level of loss factors between bending modes and shear modes are notable, but damping property of bending modes and shear modes on the other hand, is in the same order and decreases with frequency. It has been shown that the effective, viscoelastic, mechanical properties of the adhesive can be identified successfully, using the suggested method of identification. ©2015 Iranian Socity of Acoustics and Vibration, All rights reserved


Real-time spectral analysis of vibrations being developed for use in monitoring conditions of critical bearings in rotating machinery. Underlying concept simple and fairly well established: appearance and growth of vibrations at frequencies associated with rotations of various parts of bearing system indicate wear, damage, and imperfections of manufacture. Frequencies include fundamental and harmonics of frequency of rotation of ball cage, frequency of passage of balls, and frequency of rotation of shaft.


Thi paper investigates what Thai speakers ay whe n they prefer to reject a request and how they make their refusal less face-t hreate ning. F ive different situat ion inc luding refusing a high status teacher, a low status housemaid, a close friend, a classmate, and a stranger are examined. The study has found that for Thai speakers, a teacher and a close friend are more difficult to reject than a low status, a c lassmate, and a stranger. Even though most of the respondents are not reluctant to reject people at further distance, they prefer to appear polite in refusing their requests. In the politeness model of Brown and Levinson (1987), a refusal is an act which threatens the requester 's positi ve face. In Thai society where people place high value on ' being kind and helpful ', an act of refusa l might damage the refuser 's selfimage as well. It is hypothesized here that politeness strategies are used not onl y to save the requester's face but also to prevent the refuser him/herself from being considered unkind or unref ined. r· would like to express my grati tude to Dr.Kiairung Amrati sha for her helpful comments on an earlier draft of thi s paper. 2 Lecturer, Department of Thai, Chulalongkorn University


As 'control' is increasingly ceded to AI systems, potentially Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) humanity may be facing an identity crisis sooner rather than later, whereby the notion of 'intelligence' no longer remains solely our own. This paper characterizes the problem in terms of an impending loss of control and proposes a relational shift in our attitude towards AI. The shortcomings of value alignment as a solution to the problem are outlined which necessitate an extension of these principles. One such approach is considering strongly relational Indigenous epistemologies. The value of Indigenous perspectives has not been canvassed widely in the literature. Their utility becomes clear when considering the existence of well-developed epistemologies adept at accounting for the non-human, a task that defies Western anthropocentrism. Accommodating AI by considering it as part of our network is a step towards building a symbiotic relationship. Given that AGI questions our fundamental notions of what it means to have human rights, it is argued that in order to co-exist, we find assistance in Indigenous traditions such as the Hawaiian and Lakota ontologies. Lakota rituals provide comfort with the conception of non-human soul-bearer while Hawaiian stories provide possible relational schema to frame our relationship with AI.


The paper gives the definition of perfectly superabundant semigroup,and then studies the minimal of congruence on perfectly superabundant semigroup and regular cryptogroup.


. In most stellar atmosphere models, a homogeneous chemical composition is assumed, which is a good approximation for many stars. With the absence of convection and mass-loss, however, gravitational settling can produce a chemical stratification gradient. Typical examples are white dwarfs. In hot stars this diffusion process is modified by the radiative acceleration, resulting in levitation of ions with large radiative cross sections. The status of our program for self-consistent stratified non-LTE model atmospheres is presented.


Export diversification has become a priority goal for the development strategies of the MENA countries. In this paper, we aim at measuring the effects of exports' diversification on growth in MENA countries. But we also try to assess the way new exports and FDI interact each others in the process of growth. Within the framework of an endogenous growth model, we claim that FDI can act as a complementary factor in the discovery process. The model is estimated by the system-GMM and we provide robust evidence that FDI do not necessarily have the same effect on growth according to the diversification level. We also show that while FDI have a positive and significant effect on the MENA countries' growth, it is most probably rather linked to the direct effect on value added and employment than to the spillover effects of technological transfer.


This paper proposes a design technique of efficient wide frequency range voltage control oscillator (VCO). Here,A Five stage CMOS VCO is implemented in Tanner S-Edit environment with high oscillation frequencies for different input control voltage (D.C.) & low power consuming circuit with low W/L Ratio. The 180μm technology is used for circuit simulation. This circuit gives different Oscillation from 342.4 MHz to 1.683 GHz at input control voltage range from 0.5V to 1.0V. Circuit simulation resulted that Average Power consumption at 1.0V is 2.1288e-004 W.


Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetes is attracting more and more attention because of its stable efficacy,little side effects and simultaneously multiple target points.Flavonoids are a class of natural products which have broad ranges of biological activities.It has been found recent years that many plant flavonoids can be applied in treating diabetes and its complications.The anti-diabetic mechanisms have been suggested that these compounds may have a good effect on improving the metabolism of glucose and lipid,improving insulin resistance,inhibiting activity of related glucose metabolism enzyme and resiting to diabetes oxidative damage etc.,meanwhile delaying the occurrence and development of diabetic complications to some extent.

Key words:
Flavonoids; Diabetes mellitus; Pharmacology


The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of halal food, Muslim clothing, Islamic finance in the Al-Akbar Mosque as a tourist attraction. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study strategy. The research method used was a case study with a descriptive qualitative approach. This study uses interviews as the primary data collection method. The scope of this research focuses on administrators, visitors, and traders at the Al-Akbar National Mosque in Surabaya. The results of the study found that the theme of food, fashion, and finance at the Al-Akbar National Mosque in Surabaya has been properly organized to make the Al-Akbar National Mosque tour as a modern Islamic tourKeywords: Halal tourism, Halal food, Muslim fashion, Islamic finance


Disorders of the cardiopulmonary system are common in adults, especially older adults. Physical therapists participate in the care of patients with cardiopulmonary disorders in both specialty and general practices. Because the primary function of the cardiopulmonary system is to deliver oxygen to active tissues, the system plays an important part in movement. In the presence of disease or abnormality, the cardiopulmonary system often is the limiting factor to performing functional activities. Physical therapists are responsible for providing education on the prevention of cardiopulmonary diseases and for managing patients with both primary and secondary diagnoses involving the cardiopulmonary system.

This special series was designed to provide current information on the prevention and management of patients with selected cardiopulmonary problems. This issue focuses on the cardiovascular system, including an introductory article that reviews how the heart, lungs, and vascular system function to deliver oxygen.…


The author presents an educational experience in Health Promotion (HP) and Disease Prevention (DP) in undergraduate and postgraduate programs at Nursing School, Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia. Initially within the framewoirk of Universidad Javeriana, concepts, models, and strategies around the field of study are presented, all of them are related to HP and DP. Nursing care appears to be the formation constitutional nucleus. There are some particular examples to show the importance of HP and DP in the undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Finally the autor sketches pedagogical styles and models which help develop communication and participation values. There are suggestions about different HP investigations which have been undertaken at the Nursinf School.


Brown macroalgae are an attractive third-generation feedstock of natural products, in order to design green chemistry-compliant processes and reduce the use of organic solvents in bioactive product extraction, aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) was applied. This research aimed to develop a high-throughput screening (HTS) to recover polyphenols from Ascophyllum nodosum using ATPS. In total, 384 different 2-phase systems were assessed using an automated liquid-handling system to evaluate polyphenol recovery using a model system of phloroglucinol to establish an optimal 2-phase system for polyphenol partitioning. Various ratios of PEG:potassium phosphate solutions were explored to evaluate partitioning of polyphenols via a scale-down approach. Scale-down selected system showed a recovery of phloroglucinol of 62.9±12.0%, this system was used for scale-up trials. Scale-up studies confirmed that the HTS method was able to recover polyphenols with a 54.8±14.2% in the phloroglucinol model system. When the optimised ATPS system was tested with a polyphenol extract, 93.62±8.24% recovery was observed. When ATPS was applied to a fucoidan and alginate biorefinery residue, 88.40±4.59% polyphenol was recovered. These findings confirm that ATPS is a valuable addition to the bioprocess toolkit for sustainable extraction of natural products from macroalgae in a multiproduct biorefinery approach. Practical application Selection of the best concentrations of phase-forming components and recovery conditions for the application of aqueous two-phase systems in an industrial setup has been proved to be laborious and cumbersome. This paper presents an automated platform to rapidly assess several ATPS to recover polyphenols from brown macroalgae and a subsequent confirmation with the scale-up of the potential candidates and contrasted with two case studies. This methodology allows a quick screening for the best aqueous two-phase system and can be expanded to recover high-value products from other types of macroalgae or microalgae.


The onset of cartilage tissue disorders can be characterized by a loss of proteoglycans (PGs) and diagnosed by contrast‐enhanced proton (1H) MRI techniques, as well as sodium MRI. The behavior of sodium located in anisotropic environments, is examined as a function of cartilage degeneration. PGs are proteolytically depleted from the cartilage samples, which gives rise to a decrease of the ordered sodium content. More surprisingly, however, the residual quadrupolar couplings are shown to increase with increasing depletion levels. Since the residual quadrupolar couplings are intimately related to local order and anisotropic motion, measuring their distribution in cartilage may provide insight into the structural changes that occur within the tissue upon degradation. In this study relatively mild orientational dependence of the couplings was found. Little or no free sodium was observed in the cartilage specimens under study. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The utility model relates to a rehabilitation therapy device, which comprises a main machine part, insoles, bandages and at least an electrode slice, wherein the main machine part is electrically connected with the insoles and the electrode slices, the main machine part and at least an electrode slice are arranged on the bandages, a signal output port is arranged in each electrode slice, and is used to contact with a stimulating part of a patient, outputs electrical signals which is used to generate electric stimulus to the patient, thereby stimulating a nervous system of the patient. The insoles are provided with a gait sensor, are used to sense the change of lifting feet and stepping, and send corresponding signals to the main machine part. The main machine part comprises a power supply circuit, a storage unit and a control unit, wherein the storage unit is connected with the power supply circuit, and the storage unit is used to store presupposed and using working parameters of patients. The control unit is used to receive signals sent by the gait sensor and presupposed and history using parameters, and cures patients according to corresponding electrical signals which are output by an electrical signal output port which is controlled by received signals.


The invention relates to a multifunctional graphene/high-molecular composite material water permeable membrane, a preparation method, and an application thereof. A high-molecular moisture-conductive polymer and a graphene-based composite material are organically bonded in a manner of forming effective chemical bonds, such as a hydrogen bond, an ionic bond, a covalent bond and the like, through polar functional groups, thereby forming a water permeation channel with reinforced hydrophilic-hydrophobic groups on the basis of the moisture-conductive polymer, and meanwhile, significantly improving the mechanical strength, anti-friction strength and acid- and alkali-resistant property, anti-bacterial and anti-fouling capabilities, heat conductivity and heat resistance and the like characters. The multifunctional composite water permeable membrane has long service life, is free of replacement during operation and has self-cleaning capability, and can be applied in the field of whole-heat exchanger, humidity conditioner, sewage treatment and other fields requiring water permeation or water filtration.


This paper presents a dynamic simulator for analyzing various behaviors of electromagnetic contactors with AC solenoids. The simulator enables short-time analysis of dynamic motions of contactors compared with conventional simulation methods such as finite element method (FEM). To realize fast calculation of contactor models, whole contactor system including electromagnetic circuit, and mechanism (motions and collisions) are described and modeled by differential equations. The differential equations are solved simultaneously by the Runge-Kutta method. The short-time analysis by the dynamic simulator allows contactor designers to test various changes of parameters of a contactor such as dimensions of solenoid, power voltage and the phase, mass and inertia of mechanical parts, environment temperature, etc. In the paper dynamic modeling of contactors and the simulation algorithm using the mathematical models are described in detail followed by the comparison with experimental results for verifying the utility of the dynamic simulator.


The primary study objective is to identify a culturally appropriate intervention to increase fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake among low‐income pregnant Latinas. One focus group and 2 small group discussions have been conducted with: (1) Latina prenatal care staff members from a local community based organization (N=5); (2) younger and more acculturated pregnant Latinas (N=2); (3) older and less acculturated pregnant Latinas (N=3). Group discussions lasted from 116 to 165 min. Preliminary content analysis indicates consensus that pregnancy is a "teachable moment" where maternal eating patterns can be influenced due to the benefit it offers the offspring. Also, nutrition education sessions and cooking/taste testing demonstrations (with recipes) should be vital intervention components, thus teaching participants to prepare healthy, tasty dishes. The first two groups favored both group and individual education delivered by community health educators, while those in the latter group favored group education only. Eliciting individual motivation and determination to change were cited as key factors for intervention success. Staff participants felt improving physical and economic access to F&Vs also needed to be a key intervention component, citing various methods including using existing resources (i.e. produce mobile vending units), encouraging community gardens, or providing F&Vs through local NGOs. Preliminary findings suggest that the social‐ecological framework should guide the final intervention design.


Sturdy multi-stage noise-shaping (SMASH) delta-sigma modulators (DSMs) achieve high-order noise-shaping while significantly alleviating the mismatch issue between analog and digital transfer functions. Based on the SMASH architecture, we propose a methodology of synthesizing its continuous-time (CT) architecture from its discrete-time (DT) counterpart by using loop-filter connections. The proposed methodology circumvents the necessity of a direct extraction of the quantization noise from the early stages, which is problematic for CT architectures with high sampling rate. Moreover, the proposed method allows to intuitively compensate the CT SMASH for the excess loop delay (ELD). Furthermore, an input feedforward path is introduced into the second stage to eliminate the STF peaking induced by the ELD. A 2–2 SMASH topology is analyzed as a case study to demonstrate the synthesis methodology. Besides, we present derivations for determining loop-filter coefficients. Simulation results confirm the efficacy of the synthesis methodology for the SMASH topology.


A facile protocol using NaNO2 as the catalyst and air as the terminal oxidant enables the synthesis of the title species via direct oxidative intramolecular coupling.


In this paper, we developed a mathematical model for blood flow in the human circulatory system. This model presumes blood to be a couple stress fluid, its flow to be pulsatile, and the artery an elastic circular pipe whose radius is assumed to vary with transmural pressure. The governing differential equation for the flow velocity is time-dependent and has been solved using the homotopy perturbation method. This velocity has been used to estimate the elastic modulus E of the artery, which is a measure of its stiffness and an important metric used by clinical practitioners to understand the state of the cardiovascular system. In this work, the radial artery has been considered and a limited set of experimental data, available for four cases, has been taken from the published literature to validate the model. While the experimental values of elastic modulus reported in literature lie in the range 2.68 1.81 MPa.s, those estimated through the proposed model range from 3.05 to 5.98 MPa.s, appearing to be in close agreement.


The local instantaneous temperature, heat transfer coefficient, and pressure data, gathered around a horizontal tube in a fluidized bed, have been analyzed using the deterministic chaos theory. A stainless steel heat transfer tube, carrying a hot water flow, was placed in a cold bubbling fluidized bed. The tube was instrumented in the circumferential direction with five fast-responding surface thermocouples and a vertical pressure differential sensor. The local temperature and pressure data were measured simultaneously at a frequency of 120 Hz. Additionally, the local instantaneous heat transfer coefficient was evaluated by solving the transient two-dimensional heat conduction equation across the tube wall numerically. The mutual information function (MIF) has been applied to the signals to observe the relationship between points separated in time. MIF was also used to provide the most appropriate time delay constant to reconstruct an m-dimensional phase portrait of the one-dimensional time series. The distinct variation of MIF around the tube indicates the variations of solid-surface contact in the circumferential direction. The correlation coefficient was evaluated to calculate the correlation exponent, which is closely related to the fractal dimension. The correlation exponent is a measure of the strange attractor. The minimum embedding dimension as well as the degrees of freedom of the system were evaluated via the correlation coefficient. Kolmogorov entropies of the signals were approximated by using the correlation coefficient. Kolmogorov entropy considers the inherent multi-dimensional nature of chaotic data. A positive estimation of Kolmogorov entropy is an indication of the chaotic nature of the signal. The Kolmogorov entropies of the temperature data around the tube were found to be between 10 and 24 bits/s. A comparison between the signals has shown that the local instantaneous heat transfer coefficient exhibits a higher degree of chaos than the local temperature and pressure signals.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Recommended Citation Sørensen, Marion Franc, "The effect on culture-bound evaluation by the Intercultural Communication Workshop (ICW) at Portland State University" (1984). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3388.


The purpose of this review was to investigate whether cervical total disc arthroplasty (CTDA) preserves motion of the treated level and what its effect is on adjacent segments.


The diagnosis of viral diseases is a major priority which calls for aetiology and pathogen characterization. Cirad is developing tests for the serological or molecular detection of a large number of microorganisms that attack cultures of banana, sugar cane, cacao, vegetable crops, palm trees including coconut palms. New detection methods are constantly reviewed to guarantee the quality of Cirad's phytosanitary testing in international quarantine services for sugar cane and the indexing of banana (VIC-INIBAP1), taking into account the risk of emergence of new viral strains, or even new pathogens. Through these studies we hope to develop diagnostic kits for onsite use by our partners. (Texte integral)


Skidding has been found to be one of the major causes of accidents on roads. The paper provides a background to the phenomenon of skidding on straight and curved roads in dry as well as wet weather. Skid marks form an important part of forensic investigation and help an investigator to analyse and reconstruct a traffic accident. Tyre marks of various kinds, forms and shape, resulting from rolling, accelerating, decelerating, cornering and breaking are discussed. A factual example has been added to demonstrate how these tyre marks can help the investigation and reconstruction of a traffic accident.


The emergence and discussion of the reasonable choice of methodological bases for the creation and subsequent application of electronic training courses within the framework of a separate study is not accidental. Analysis of the theory and practice of the use of information technologies in education showed that, along with the discussion of informatization of education, including adult education (androgogy), the use of computer-based training programs to improve the quality of teaching in various disciplines, studies of pedagogical capabilities of electronic training courses, principles of development and technology for creating electronic educational materials remain insufficiently studied. Properly grounded methodological and technological components of the process of creating such resources will ensure high quality of the final product, as well as reduction of time and financial costs. The article presents a generalized description of the basic models and methodologies for the development of electronic educational materials, namely: ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation); SAM (Successive Approximation Model); SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bound); ALD (Agile Learning Design). The authors pay special attention to the ALD (Agile Learning Design) model, describing its basic principles. The structural analysis of ALD with the help of the IDEF0 functional model allowed showing the logical interconnection of all the stages of creating an e-learning course, to demonstrate its iterative nature. The study also addresses the issue of the reasonable choice of tools for developing e-learning courses. The choice was made on the basis of T. Saati's method of analyzing hierarchies. The selected alternatives were Adobe Captivate, Articulate Storyline and iSpringSuite as software solutions used for the professional development of e-learning materials. The choice was made on the basis of such criteria as maintenance, implementation, functionality, price, experience of usage. As a result of the testing with the MPRIORITY decision-making system, the Articulate Storyline software platform was selected as the tool for the implementation of the subsequent e-learning course project. This software product has significant functionality if compared to the other alternatives: low cost and availability of development. Further work on the creation of an e-course is sure to be carried out with its use.


This research aims to find out the financial performance of plastics and packaging sub-sector companies in the period 2016-2018. This research uses secondary data on plastic and packaging sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange using comparative descriptive analysis techniques. This study uses model analysis or Zmijewski method. The study found that of the ten companies analyzed, nine companies showed financial performance classified as healthy or not potentially bankrupt, although two of them needed more attention because the results showed a decrease in financial performance while one company showed unhealthy financial performance.


IN recent years interest has been revived in the phenomenon of temperature variation in normal women during the menstrual cycle. These variations, first described more than 40 years ago, did not become significant in clinical medicine until the last two decades when the relation between ovulation, the function of the corpus luteum, and menstruation began to be properly understood. I t now appears that the basal body temperature of woman is directly related to the phases of the menstrual cycle. To be explicit : the temperature is relatively low prior to ovulation, shifts to a higher lexrel about the time of ovulation, and maintains this higher level until the next menses when it falls and the cycle is repeated. The purpose of the following presentation is, firstly, to illustrate normal temperature curves in non-pregnant and preFnant patients, and secondly, to suggest that temperature graphs constitute a simple and valuable instrument of investigation, particularly in the study of infertility. Since the literature has recently been reviewed by the auth0.r' a full list of references will not be offered here. I t will suffice to state that a correlation of temperature with the histology of the corpus luteum' and with the endometrium,'' together


Background: Clinically validated prognostic models for overall survival (OS) do not exist for patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) on targeted therapies. A prognostic model is needed to identify high risk individuals not adequately served by available targeted therapies. Methods: We evaluated 28 candidate factors to derive and validate a risk model for OS in 2,475 previously treated patients with CLL from six randomized trials of ibrutinib, idelalisib, and venetoclax, and the Mayo Clinic CLL Database (MCCD). We applied univariate and multivariate analyses to derive the risk model in an ibrutinib/chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) training dataset (n=727). The primary endpoint was OS. We validated the model in an ibrutinib/CIT internalvalidation (n=242) and three external-validations (idelalisib/CIT dataset, n=897; venetoclax/CIT dataset, n=389; MCCD, n=220), applying C-statistics (CS) as a measure of discrimination. Findings: The derived model consists of four factors (one point each; serum ß2-microglobulin ≥5mg/dL, lactate dehydrogenase >upper limit of normal, hemoglobin <110g/L for women or Soumerai et al. Page 2 Lancet Haematol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 July 01. A uhor M anscript


This paper investigates the effect of an external plane wave on a multi-conductor transmission line (MTL) located above a multilayer soil directly in the time domain. An improved finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used, in conjunction with Vector Fitting (VF), to obtain the recursion relations of voltages and currents along the line by discretizing the equations in time and one-dimensional space. The source terms of the coupling equations are efficiently obtained in the time domain based on the Gaver-Stehfest algorithm. An equivalent model is also established in this work, where the geometry with three conductors is reduced to two conductors. Finally, some examples are presented to illustrate the effect of the soil and the plane wave on the transient.


Objective: to evaluate the preavalence and characteristics of hypogonadism in obese man. Research and Methods: Thestudy was performed in 31 obese man (aged 33 [22;44], BMI 40 [34,4;44,0]. Measurements during the study: chemistry panel, testosteroa and LH levels, immunoreactive insulin, HOMA index calculation. Statistically significant difference w as considered as p < 0,05. Results. Hypogonadism preavalence was 80,6%. The hypogonadism prevalence and testosterone level was more depended on age and obesity but less on duration. 100 % risk of hypogonadism w as observed in heavily obese patients. There w as no increase of LH levels. In man with low testosterone lev els HOMA index w as significantly higher со mpared to healthy subjects. Conclusion: The prevalence of normogonadotropic hypogonadism in obese men is extremely high and it represents an evidence of functional disorder of hypophyseal gonadal system. Thedecrease of testosterone levels is age-coinciding, but it is more pronounced in obese nan.


The existence problem of specific base hypergraphs of formulas on basis of the fibre perspective on the propositional satisfiability problem is addressed. Further, the orbit structure of the set of fibre-transversals imposed by the flipping operation is investigated. Moreover some complexity results are proven. Methodogically, the concept of linear and exact linear hypergraphs, respectively, formulas is ex-


Remarkable progress in copper-catalysed enantioselective conjugate addition (ECA) reactions has been made over the past decade. This enantioselective transformation now allows the challenging formation of chiral quaternary centres by addition of different nucleophiles to trisubstituted a,â-unsaturated systems. This chapter summarises the developments in the area.


Health team members are always bound to be right for the betterment of patient, but when it becomes difficult to keep up there comes the need for a guidance to lead them on the right track. Nurses have to perform many important procedures while caring patients and one among those is the administration of intravenous fluids. The process is being so common but a standard protocol is needed to follow in order to prevent the arising complications.
Material and Methods: A true experimental design to evaluate the Effectiveness of protocol based nursing care of patients with intravenous line cannula in a selected hospital at Ambala city. Thestudy was conducted on 30 samples each in experimental and control group having cannula for Intravenous Therapy. Data was collected from October 2019 to December 2019.A structured observational check list was used to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing care on patients with intravenous line cannula in selected hospital.
Result: The data revealed that, patients with intravenous line cannula in control group were in inadequate levels of nursing care outcome of intravenous line cannula care whereas in experimental group (13.3%) had moderate nursing care outcome, (86.7%) had adequate level of nursing care outcome and none were in the inadequate level of nursing care outcome. Comparison of the mean scores of nursing care outcome of intravenous line cannula care in terms of starting daily monitoring and the removal of intravenous line cannula between control group and experimental group was assessed by unpaired't' test analysis. The calculated unpaired't' value for protocol based starting of intravenous line cannula is 23.8 (Table value-2) for protocol based daily monitoring of intravenous line cannula is 20.767 (Table Value-2) and for protocol based removal of cannula is 25.336 (Table Value-2). The result shows that calculated value is more than table value at 0.05 level of significance. Comparison of outcome assessment of intravenous line cannula care in terms of complication between control group and experimental group shows that in control group majority (56.7%) of patients with intravenous line cannula had 2 attempted pricks whereas in experimental group majority (63.3%) had one prick only. In control group about 53.3% of patient with intravenous line cannula had cannula change and site changes whereas in experimental group it is only 30%. Percentage of infiltration in control group is 40% and in experimental group it is 13.3%. Also the percentage of thrombophlebitis in control group is 20% whereas it is 7% in experimental group. The association between the nursing care outcome of intravenous line cannula care among experimental group and their selected variables like site of insertion (2(1) = 0.084) are not significant, since calculated value is less than table value (3.84). Duration of intravenous line cannula (2(2) = 6.036) is significant at P<0.05 level of significance because calculated value is greater than table value (5.99). Thus the result suggests protocol based nursing care of patients with intravenous cannula was effective in prevention of complications. Conclusion: After the detailed analysis of this study it shows that effective use of protocol based nursing care of patients with intravenous cannula was effective in prevention of complications.


The dynein molecule is a peculiar motor protein recognized for its unique stepping behavior. Sometimes it steps forwards. Other times it steps backwards. It has even been observed to occasionally shuffle by beginning a step with the same domain many times in row. These motions make dynein an interesting object of study, but its status as one of a select few minusend directed motors makes understanding the mechanics of dynein's motion vital to our understanding of the cell. When these motors misbehave, fundamental processes like axonal transport and muscle contraction fail. Experimental techniques for studying biomolecules have revealed much about the different conformational states achieved by dynein during its stepping cycle and have established a base of relevant statistics such step lengths, velocities, and generated forces among others. Despite these advancements, the ability to image the full molecule for an entire stepping cycle remains beyond current experimental capabilities. To address this gap, we have developed a simplified, two-dimensional model for the dynein molecule. We treat the protein as a system of massive domains held together by rigid rods steered towards equilibrium configurations by spring like torques and time evolved using Brownian dynamics. With our current set of parameters, the model displays directed motion with step length and velocity distributions in agreement with experiment. Our results indicate that the pre and post powerstroke states are uncorrelated. From this result, we argue that the optimal simulation should only simulate dynein as it steps; the motion of dynein while both binding domains are bound to the microtubule only influences which domain unbinds to initiate the step.


Significance Improved therapeutic intervention for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly early in progression of the disease course, is a critical need. Huntington's disease (HD) is a paradigmatic disorder in this search in which vulnerable individuals can be identified early. This study focuses on the earliest stages of disease in a well-characterized animal model system. We identify early aberrant transcription and chromatin changes in affected brain regions of HD mice. The study identifies the Elk-1 transcription factor as a significant regulator of early transcriptional changes in HD. Enhanced Elk-1 levels exerted beneficial effects in an in vitro model and resulted in extensive restoration of transcriptional dysregulation in vivo. These results suggest a target for alleviating pathology in HD and other neuropsychiatric conditions. Huntington's disease (HD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a late clinical onset despite ubiquitous expression of the mutant Huntingtin gene (HTT) from birth. Transcriptional dysregulation is a pivotal feature of HD. Yet, the genes that are altered in the prodromal period and their regulators, which present opportunities for therapeutic intervention, remain to be elucidated. Using transcriptional and chromatin profiling, we found aberrant transcription and changes in histone H3K27acetylation in the striatum of R6/1 mice during the presymptomatic disease stages. Integrating these data, we identified the Elk-1 transcription factor as a candidate regulator of prodromal changes in HD. Exogenous expression of Elk-1 exerted beneficial effects in a primary striatal cell culture model of HD, and adeno-associated virus-mediated Elk-1 overexpression alleviated transcriptional dysregulation in R6/1 mice. Collectively, our work demonstrates that aberrant gene expression precedes overt disease onset in HD, identifies the Elk-1 transcription factor as a key regulator linked to early epigenetic and transcriptional changes in HD, and presents evidence for Elk-1 as a target for alleviating molecular pathology in HD.


In this paper, by using China's provincial panel data from 1978 to 2011, we have done empirical analysis on the dynamic effect of government expenditure on livelihood on rural resident consumption demand. The result shows that government expenditure on livelihood has a positive correlation with rural resident consumption demand. But the effects of policy are different between the three regions. The reason is that the rural residents have precautionary motives in China. And the uncertainty of expenditure has greater negative effect on central and west than east residents.


WE recently described two groups of patients with severe insulin-resistant diabetes and acanthosis nigricans.1 In these patients the defect of insulin action could be correlated with markedly abnor...


Objective: to know the perceptions of the caregiver family member about playful care during hospitalization of the child. Method: descriptive, exploratory study of qualitative approach, carried out in the first half of 2011 with family caregivers of children hospitalized in Pediatrics from a midsize Hospital of central region of Rio Grande do Sul/RS. The data production was by semi-structured interview and analysis of Content of Bardin. The research project has obtained approval from the Ethics Committee and Research, with no 381.2010.2. Results: two categories emerged: << The toy as a way to the child interact with disease >> and << Vulnerability of parents with the hospitalization of their son >>. Conclusion: the study has highlighted the challenge of working in Pediatrics, with an allowance of a new gaze, not only for the treatment of pathologies but for health promotion in an expanded context, targeting the playful care in the nursing care of the hospitalized child. Descriptors: Games and Toys; Hospitalized Child; Family Member/Caregiver; Nursing. RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer as percepções do familiar cuidador acerca do cuidado lúdico durante a hospitalização da criança. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2011 com familiares cuidadores de crianças internadas na pediatria de um Hospital de médio porte da região central do Rio Grande do Sul/RS. A produção de dados foi por entrevista semiestruturada e a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. O projeto de pesquisa obteve aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa, Parecer n 381.2010.2. Resultados: duas categorias emergiram << O brinquedo como forma da criança interagir com a doença >> e << Vulnerabilidade dos pais frente à internação do filho >>. Conclusão: o estudo evidenciou o desafio de trabalhar em pediatria, tendo como subsídio um novo olhar, não somente para o tratamento de patologias, mas para a promoção da saúde num contexto ampliado, visando o cuidado lúdico no cuidado de enfermagem à criança hospitalizada. Descritores: Jogos e Brinquedos; Criança Hospitalizada; Familiar/Acompanhante; Enfermagem. RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer las percepciones del familiar cuidador acerca del cuidado lúdico durante la hospitalización del niño. Método: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo de enfoque cualitativo, realizado en el primer semestre de 2011 con familiares cuidadores de niños internados en la pediatría de un Hospital de medio porte de la región central de Rio Grande do Sul/RS. La producción de datos fue por entrevista semi-estructurada y el Análisis de Contenido de Bardin. El proyecto de investigación tuvo su aprobación del Comité de Ética e Investigación, Parecer n 381.2010.2. Resultados: dos categorías surgieron << El juguete como forma del niño interactuar con la enfermedad >> y << Vulnerabilidad de los padres frente a la internación del hijo >>. Conclusión: el estudio mostró el desafío de trabajar en pediatría, teniendo como subsidio una nueva visión, no solamente para el tratamiento de patologías, pero para la promoción de la salud en un contexto ampliado, visando el cuidado lúdico en el cuidado de enfermería al niño hospitalizado. Descriptores: Juegos y Juguetes; Niño Hospitalizado; Familiar/Acompañante; Enfermería. Nurse, Master degree, Post-Graduation Program in Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande/PPGENF/FURG. Scholar of CAPES/DS. Rio Grande (RS), Brazil. E-mail: email@example.com; Nurse, Specialist in Urgency, Emergency and Trauma. Master degree student, Post-Graduation Program in Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande/PPGENF/FURG. Scholar of CAPES/DS. Rio Grande (RS), Brazil. Email:email@example.com; Nurse, Master degree student, Post-Graduation Program in Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande/PPGENF/FURG. Scholar of CAPES/DS. Rio Grande (RS), Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Nurse, Master in Nursing, Doctorate student in Nursingby in Dinter Novas Fronteiras/UNIFESP/UFRJ/UFSM. Teacher, Franciscano University Center/UNIFRA. Santa Maria (RS), Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Nurse, Doctorate in Nursing, Teacher, Franciscano University Center/UNIFRA. Santa Maria (RS), Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Nurse, Doctorate Professor in Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG). Rio Grande (RS), Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Nicola GDO, Ilha S, Dias MV et al. Percepções do familiar cuidador acerca do cuidado... English/Portuguese J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 8(4):981-6, Apr., 2014 982 ISSN: 1981-8963 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.5829-50065-1-ED-1.0804201425 Hospitalized childcare has been appeared in studies by health professionals concerned with the well-being and health of individuals in the different environments in which they are. The hospital can be understood as a place that provides various feelings both to hospitalized child as to their families. In this environment, the child goes through an experience that affects in their emotional development, since the hospitalization of the child away from their environment, their pet objects and people from his life that makes him experience unpleasant moments. 1 The hospital unleashes emotional tension in the child, due to fear of being abandoned and losing the affection of the family, as well as the threat of painful situations, requiring security and affection. In this context, the playful care has been gaining space, since it is characterized by activities of comfort that can be developed in the human evolutionary cycle. It is stressed that these activities are related with leisure, communications, games, relaxation, dialogue, music (singing, listening, dancing), among others, i.e., there is a specific time for realization of the playful care that permeates the entire process of child care in the hospital. The playful care helps in adaptation of the child to the hospital environment, improving their health, easing their fears and anxieties, as well as to the caregiver family member. In this way, new complementary therapies to the diagnostic and therapeutic process for the treatment of the child have achieved and adaptive human needs, without restricting it from their children's world, valuing the uniqueness, as well as the social and cultural context in which it is inserted, in search of the care with no traumas. When playing, the child plays many roles during hospitalization such as: fun, relaxation, security in a strange environment. From this perspective, the child hospitalized nursing care uses the toy as a way of alleviating tensions and disorders caused by hospitalization, and not only to satisfy recreational needs, but rather, to promote the physical, mental, emotional development and socialization. Using this as a way of playful care, besides providing the nursing staff interaction with the child about the meaning of situations experienced by him, assists in the search for new strategies on nursing care. The use of the toy in nursing care offers to the professional a better understanding of the needs and feelings of the hospitalized child, enabling the child to design in the outside world their fears and anxieties, being an active role in their assistance. Thus, it is evidenced that the use of the toy has been shown to be effective and a facilitator in the therapeutic relationship between the children and health professionals because it promotes child the relief of stress often caused by the procedures. Therefore, the playful care, permeating the actions of nursing professionals, minimizes the damages arising from hospitalization, because it provides a pleasant and cozy environment in which the child may feel encouraged to play. With the goal of new achievements in the care to the hospitalized child it emerges the need to create an environment that approaches the infant world, considering each age group. Thus, it emerges the Law no 11,104, of March 2005, which provides for the mandatory installation of playroom in the health units that offer pediatric care in inpatient procedure. The playroom consists of a project that aims to provide recreational activities that value "playing" as a way to ease their feelings of suffering before the hospitalization, in order to strengthen the link between the hospitalized child, his caregiver and the nursing staff. From the implementation of this strategy, it realizes that changes related to hospitalized child care are occurring. When transferred to the context of hospitalization, the playful care emerges as a possibility to adapt to the new. The act of playing encourages the child to use the available resources in the context of hospitalization to elaborate the situation experienced. Therefore, it constitutes a stimulating activity, fun, creative and enriching that helps in the recovery of the child. Thus, it is displayed the importance of studies that will understand the playful care in the perspective of family caregivers who experience the reality of the child's hospitalization. Basis on the above, it is wondered: what is the caregiver family member's perspective about the playful care to the hospitalized child? In anticipation of possible new gazes, interactive and engaged with the care to the hospitalized child, the objective was to meet the family caregiver's perspective about the playful childcare in the


This paper analyses parameter characteristics of load network for class E power amplifier.The principle of "Parameter Compensation and Compress" and improved broadband load network are submitted.A broadband class E amplifier of 30~90 MHz is designed and produced according to the theory of circuit design optimization.The output power is 7.6~10.2W.Its total efficiency is 72%~84%.Tests show measurement results are basically coincident with theory calculation.


an issue to be of use in the practical politics of class struggle. There is no question that Marx did conceive of capitalist history in terms of laws of motion, and of human history in general in terms of objective forces acting on and thus limiting human action. And yet this is the same Marx who elevated class struggle to the highest level, who actively championed the immediate overthrow of capitalism (not in some fatalistic future), and who participated in the most practical politics on the basis of his theoretical analysis. Is there a contradiction between these two aspects of Marx? Not at all. On the contrary, as Henryk Grossmann (Germany), Paul Mattick (U.S.) and David Yaffe (Britain) argue, it is precisely from Marx's theoretical framework that revolutionary politics flow. Grossman was the first major Marxist to shift the discussion of crises away from underconsumption and disproportionality theories. Heavily critical of these theories on both logical and political grounds, Grossmann emphasized instead the centrality of the law of the falling rate of profit to a theory of crises. Of particular importance in Marx, he noted, is the fact that as the rate of profit falls, the growth in the total amount of profit must slow down and eventually halt. At the point where new investment no longer generates additional profits, investment will be curtailed and a crisis will break out. As the crisis spreads, weaker and less efficient capitalists will be wiped out, and stronger ones will be able to buy up their assets at abnormally low prices. With rising unemployment the position of workers is weakened. Real wages tend to fall while the labor' process tends to be intensified, so that the rate of exploitation rises. All of these factors raise the rate of profit. Thus each crisis itself sets the stage for the recovery and the next cycle of boom and bust. None of this says when a particular crisis will break out, since many factors can retard or accelerate the effects of the falling rate of profit. In this sense class struggle is crucial not only in the question of the timing of crises, but also in the arena of fighting their effects. Even more important to Grossmann, however, is that crises are "objectively revolutionary situations." To show the necessity of crises within capitalism is therefore to show the necessity of preparing in advance for, and seizing the moment of these objectively revolutionary periods. Lastly, based on his reading of Marx, he makes an important connection between theory and practice: . . .no economic system, no matter how weakened, collapses by itself in automatic fashion. It must be "overthrown." The theoretical analysis of the objective trends leading to a paralysis of the system serves to discover the "weak links." Change will come about only through the active operation of the subjective factors. Paul Mattick elaborated on Grossman's work in a variety of ways. Of particular importance is Mattick's point that the reason Marx speaks of capitalist society in terms of laws of motion is precisely because capitalism is regulated not by conscious human decision by rather by "thing-like relations" — the relations of the market, of prices and profits. Like Grossmann before him, Mattick emphasizes that crises provide revolutionary and reactionary opportunities, but only class struggle can determine which path will be chosen. Whether capitalism turns to fascism, or is turned into socialism, is not determined before hand. In the last few years, David Yaffe has set out both to present Marx's economic analysis and to apply it to the current crises. The full extent of his analysis is beyond the scope of this discussion. As far as crisis theory is concerned, in addition to points similar to those made by Grossmann and Mattick, Yaffe adds the following. First, that because a crisis shows up in terms of prices and profits, there is a tendency to think of prices and profits as causes of crises. For instance, since by definition profit is the difference between sales and costs, anything which causes a fall in profitability will necessarily imply another way of defining a fall in profits. But one portion of costs is merely the price of some goods, like materials, etc. (and hence the sales of some other industries). Therefore any decline in profitability tends to be compared to the remaining portion of costs, to wages, and from here it is only a short step to the argument that "high" wages are the cause of the decline. In this way an effect is made into a cause. Similar points can be made for stagnation, rising unemployment, inflation, rising state expen-


Summary
Clindamycin is widely used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections due to its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Hypersensitivity to clindamycin seems to be not very common (less than 1% of drug-allergic reactions) and it mostly appears as delayed T-cell mediated. For the diagnosis, skin testing is considered to be highly sensitive and rather safe, but cutaneous and systemic reactions have been described. Provocation test is considered the gold standard. However, it includes the possibility of severe reactions. We reported two cases of delayed allergic reaction to clindamycin, confirmed with a positive lymphocyte transformation test, showing this in vitro test like a promising diagnostic method because of its usefulness and safety.


This paper examines the development of Bangkok's urban spaces in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It aims to understand the ways Western culture influenced the development and use of urban spaces in this non-Western and non-colonized city. Thailand, then known as Siam, is unique as it was the only country in Southeast Asia that was not colonized by Western powers. Accordingly, the domestic political circumstances in Thailand played a critical role in the country's path to modernization. The primary shifts in accordance with the country's modernization were concentrated on the capital city and its society. Amongst the shifts of urban environment, the urban spaces in Bangkok were transformed and developed. The paper argues that the Siamese absolute monarch was a critical agent in the development process and that the modern spaces were developed in Bangkok as part of the king's wider political strategy.