Recently, discussions on strengthening publicness have emerged to solve social service problems. Its importance is also emerging, but there is not enough discussion about the significance and importance of publicness. Therefore, in this study, the concept of social service publicness, which was presented in previous studies, was categorized and examined, and the future tasks were sought by restructuring the concept of social service publicness. Social service publicness can be variously understood as the concept of organic union in terms of the publicness of the subject, the publicness of the process, and the publicness of the content. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss it from an overall and broader perspective than the existing concept of publicness. In addition, empirical verification and typological studies of publicness can be a useful way to understand the current publicness. Furthermore, social service publicness needs to materialize realistic meaning through a process of discourse rather than a simple conception. It is meaningful in that it attempts to define the elements of social service publicness from a new point of view and suggests future research directions in previous studies in the field of social welfare.


As biotechnology has developed in the last 20 years, the subject-matter of the patents generated has evolved from protein sequences or DNA fragments to patents on living organisms including viruses, bacteria, plants and animals. Apart from the ethical and political problems involved with such a subject-matter, more technical problems have arisen in relation to the interpretation and scope of such patent claims. This paper has been divided in thee parts, in the first part the author deal with the historical development of the patent laws and as to how the scope of patent law has broadened over years. In the second part, the author will analyze the exception of 'essential biological process' as has been provided in various jurisdictions. Lastly, the third part will be the concluding part wherein the author will be concluding as to whether such an exemption in the patent laws should exist or not and whether it is a restriction on the development of biotechnological inventions.


The urinary excretion of oestriol has been investigated in 30 cases of diabetic pregnancy. The mean excretion was low, although most of the values found were within the range of excretion in normal pregnancies. No correlation was found between the severity of the diabetes and the amounts of excretion oestriol. For many years Priscilla White and collaborators (White 1952; Nelson et al. 1953) in Boston have claimed that a hormonal imbalance is present in many diabetic pregnancies, especially in complicated cases and those which end with foetal death. While claims that the imbalance can be corrected by stilboestrol and progesterone treatment resulting in a diminished incidence of toxaemia and a higher foetal survival. Although the results have been confirmed by others (Moreau et al. 1955; Buck 8c Day 1955), most workers to-day believe that the improved results obtained by White and collaborators must be due to other factors than the hormone treatment. In a carefully conducted study by the Medical Research Council in England (1955) no benefit from ethisterone or stilboestrol treatment was found, and others have reported similar results (Peel 1955; Clayton 1956). In spite of the marked interest in determining the possible value of oestrogen treatment in diabetic pregnancies, amazingly few investigations have been carried out on the urinary oestrogen excretion in such pregnancies. Rubin et al. (1946) found in a small series a normal urinary excretion of oestrogen in dia¬ betic pregnancies, but Jayle 8c Crépy (1954) reported a diminished excretion while Ten Berge (1959) found 80 per cent of the oestriol estimations to be less than the normal average. Recently Hobkirk et al. (1960) have reported on Downloaded from Bioscientifica.com at 12/04/2018 09:57:52AM via free access the urinary excretion of oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol in 14 diabetic pregnan¬ cies without toxaemia; on the whole the excretion was lower than in normal pregnancies, but even then half of the values were within the normal range. They did not correlate the oestrogen level with the severity of the diabetes. We have investigated the urinary oestriol excretion in cases of diabetic pregnancies and compared the amounts of excreted oestriol with the severity of the diabetes.


Access is an easy data management system,it offers a variety of visual tools,can design of object-oriented application,is very useful in daily life and study.How to improve the teaching effect is an important issue that the teacher faces.With the own teaching experience,puts forward course design week,so as to improve the teaching effect of Access.


The mobile phone under test of far-field range testing has been the plan at the Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association (CTIA) certification program test requirements for performing radiated power and receiver performance measurement. In this paper, facilities of mobile phone measurement have recently commissioned a spherical far-field measurement system. The low profile far-field spherical scan system provides significant advantages over the older far-field testing including elimination of problem of simple theta (thetas) and phi (Phi) rotary axis with indoor far-field range testing, complete measurement characterization of the antenna, and improved accuracy. This paper will discuss the antenna absorption and wireless system integration tested with the TRP/TIS and spherical antenna measurement for far-field system, and the results being achieved.


In 1848, news of the California Gold Rush swept the world. The cry was heard by Jews in Europe and the eastern USA, who arrived to found new cultural, social and religious institutions. This study examines the life of California's early Jewish community through letters, diaries and legal documents.


Prostate cancer has been studied at the molecular level of tumor cells.Like most tumors,the occurrence and progress of prostate cancer involves multiple genes.The expression of microRNA in post-transcriptional control play a crucial role in the progress of prostate cancer.The formation and activation of oncogene and the deactivation of tumor suppressor gene are essential for the development of prostate cancer.This article reviews the advance in epigenetics in the progression of prostate cancer.


Glycine is known to have a protective role against alcohol induced liver damage. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of glycine on liver and brain lipoproteins in alcohol fed rats. The average total body-weight gain was significantly lower in alcohol-treated rats, but improved on supplementation with glycine. Administering ethanol (7.9 g kg-1 body weight) every day to Wistar rats for 60 days significantly elevated the levels of liver and brain total cholesterol and triglycerides. Serum cholesterol, LDL and VLDL levels were also elevated on administering alcohol, whereas the levels of serum HDL was found to be decreased as compared with the control rats. Simultaneous glycine supplementation (0.6 g kg-1 body weight) during the last 30 days of the experiment to rats administered alcohol, reduced the levels of tissue and serum cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins significantly as compared with the unsupplemented alcohol treated rats. Microscopic examination of alcohol treated rat liver showed inflammatory cell infiltrates and fatty changes, which were reversed on treatment with glycine. Similarly, alcohol treated rat brain demonstrated edema, which was markedly reduced on treatment with glycine.


There are complex relationships between urbanization and eco-environments in different regions and at different phases.This paper explores their interaction process during 1978-2009 in Xinjiang,China.We describe the comprehensive indexes of urbanization level and eco-environment quality by the Entropy Method,demonstrate causal relationships between comprehensive indexes of urbanization level and eco-environment quality with the co-integration test and Granger causality test,and analyze the dynamic process during 1978-2009 with impulse-response function and variance decomposition model.Results show that the urbanization level in Xinjiang had been gradually increasing since 1978 with economic growth and non-agriculture landscape expansion as its main features,but the comprehensive index of eco-environment quality and its components exhibited different change trends.There was a Granger causality relationship between the urbanization level and the eco-environment quality.The comprehensive index of urbanization level was Granger cause of eco-environment state index and eco-environment response index.With the increase of the urbanization level,the comprehensive index of eco-environment quality and the eco-environment response index decreased at first and then increased.Over the study period,the response of urbanization level to eco-environment quality presented a low and steady level,and the current energy resource utilization efficiency and the environment protection investment level didn't play an effective role in improving eco-environment quality.From a long-term,the explanatory power of urbanization level on eco-environment quality is gradually improved,but we should have a rational view of the eco-environment construction practices promoted by urbanization development.


In this paper, some comments are made about fabrication parameters to reduce undesirable thermal drift in the optical output of z cut Ti:LiNbO3 (LN) modulators. In this regard, covering the LN surface with a semiconducting Si layer was reported to effectively shield the waveguides from pyroelectrically induced charges and to successfully suppress the drift1.


Abstract : This report discusses results of two series of STING penetrometer measurements of seafloor sediment strength in areas of Boston Harbor approach. The experimental data is analyzed and used in sediment characterization and sediment strength predictions.


In hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have exhibited exceptional performance, owing to their hierarchical nonlinear modeling. However, their fixed square receptive field constrains their ability to effectively handle irregular image regions. Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been introduced to learn irregular regions through correlations between adjacent pixels modeled as superpixel-based nodes, yet they lack pixel-level information. We propose a novel approach Pixel-level with Covariance Pooling feature and Superpixel-level feature Fusion for HSI Classification (PiCovS). Our method harnesses complementary spectral–spatial features at both pixel-level and superpixel-level to capture characteristics of both small-scale regular and large-scale irregular regions. We introduce a hybrid network that integrates and propagates features between image-level pixels and graph-level nodes using a graph encoder–decoder, effectively reconciling the differences between regular CNN and irregular GCN data representations. To enhance superpixel boundary learning, we modify the manifold simple linear iterative clustering (M-SLIC) algorithm by incorporating texture feature information, resulting in refined superpixel representations. In addition, we propose a novel covariance pooling mechanism with an attention mechanism within the CNN branch, enabling the capturing and utilization of holistic HSI information along spectral and spatial dimensions by exploiting second-order statistics throughout the network. Our comprehensive experiments showcase the efficiency and robustness of the proposed framework, achieving an impressive overall accuracy of 99.84%, 99.97%, 99.98%, and 81.96% on the Indian Pines, University of Pavia, Salinas, and Houston University datasets, respectively. Remarkably, PiCovS excels even with limited training samples, outperforming other state-of-the-art methods in accuracy.


In this article, the direction of study is related to issues specific to the systems of explorer robots for mining. The use of mining explorer robots allows you to ensure the safety of work in hard-to-reach places, monitor the condition of active and inactive mines, find in inactive mines new minerals, the processing of which was previously not possible, and much more. The paper includes a discussion of the issues of ensuring the versatility of the design, the need to reduce the size and weight of the robot, reduce the cost at high performance, achieve the required level of protection against environmental influences in mines, compatibility with control systems, and others. Various methods of robot navigation in confined spaces are analyzed. The results of tests of a prototype of the explorer robot are presented. When finding ways to implement a robot, the emphasis is on an effective combination of equipment and software.


The reasonable dissoliation limits for O2 are determined based on the atomic and molecular reaction statics;the energy equilibrium geometry and harmonic frequency of the ground state X3Σ-g are calculated using the methods of CID,B3LYP,QCISD and QCISD(T) with the basis sets of D95(d),6-311G and 6-311G*.It is gained that the basis set 6-311G* is the most suitable for the energy calculation of O2 molecule.The whole potential curves for the ground state is scanned using QCISDC(T)/6-311G*,then fit to Murrell-Sorbie function and last spectroscopy constants(Be,αe,ωe,and ωeχe) are calculated,which are in good agreement with the experimental data.


A pharmaceutical composition comprising - possibly a suitable pharmaceutical carrier or diluent - a glycosaminoglycan is hyaluronic acid or derivative thereof - an effective amount of a compound that activates the adrenergic alpha 2 receptor, which is an alpha-2 receptor -adrenergic selected from the group consisting of clonidine, p-aminoclonidine, idazoxan, detominida, medetominida, mivazerol and lofexidine for use in the treatment and / or prevention of diseases and / or acute or chronic musculoskeletal symptoms by intraarticular injection.


We call the set of m positive distinct integers a D(4)-m-tuple if the prod- uct of any of its two elements increased by 4 is a perfect square. The folklore conjecture states that there exists no D(4)-quintuple. In this talk we will present how to improve the known bound on the number of D(4)-quintuples, illustrating the more efficient way of counting the number of m-tuples using divisor sums. More precisely, we prove that there are at most 7*10^36 D(4)-quintuples.


OBJECTIVE
To find out whether patients undergoing repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) had more emotional problems and limitations of lifestyle than those listed for elective resection.

DESIGN
Retrospective study

SETTING
Teaching hospital, Eire. SUBJETS: 28 patients, 14 in each group, matched for age, sex, duration of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), hospital stay postoperatively, and length of time since operation.

INTERVENTIONS
Application of structured questionnaire.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Emotional problems, mobility, activities of daily living, ability to sleep, degree of psychological stress, presence of symptoms, and Rosser index to measure quality of life (QoL).

RESULTS
There were no significant differences between the groups in any measure.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients have few emotional difficulties or disturbances of QoL after emergency or elective repair of AAA. Survivors after repair of ruptured AAA can expect as good a quality of life as those operated on electively. These results support an aggressive approach to the treatment of ruptured AAA.


A study of proper projective symmetry in the Schwarzschild metric is given by using algebric and direct integration techniques. It is shown that projective collineations admitted by the above metric are the Killing vector fields.


A common complaint of many dyers and finishers is that they are often called upon to perform technical miracles for retailers and designers. Exclusion from the garment design stage means that they spend most of their time solving problems rather than offering advice. Brian Condon highlights some of the difficulties facing dyers and finishers of lace.


Abstract. Modeling soil-tool interaction is essential for equipment design and performance evaluation on soil behavior responses under loading. Computational tools based on particle-based mechanics such as Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) have potential in modeling large strain soil dynamic behaviors from soil-tool interaction. The objective of this study is to validate the accuracy and robustness of DEM calibration methodology as it relates to soil deformation during cone penetration on varying initial soil relative density. The influence of factors such as DEM material properties and cone to particle size ratio on DEM cone penetration simulation will be investigated. The paper presents a comparison of DEM predicted cone penetration resistance and laboratory measured penetration data on Norfolk sandy loam. Soil mechanical behavior was modeled with Hertz-Mindlin (HM) contact stiffness model and a new coupled frictional law for static and rolling resistance coefficients. The DEM material properties were calibrated using residual strength from direct shear test. DEM simulations were performed using LIGGGHTS, open source DEM code. Cone penetrometer experiments using an ASABE standard cone with 12.53 mm cone base diameter and 30-degree cone tip were used to validate the calibrated DEM model. DEM prediction of cone penetration resistance trend and steady state values were in close agreement with the laboratory measured data for relative density range from 5 to 30%. At higher dense states (relative density of 90%), DEM calibration requires further improvement.


The invention aims to provide an omni-directional intelligent furniture paint spraying robot. The omni-directional intelligent furniture paint spraying robot comprises an XYZ three-axis translational motion mechanism, a Y-axis rotating mechanism, a spraying gun, a supporting framework mechanism and the like; a Z-axis moving mechanism is mounted in a sliding way of a vehicle body through a sliding block on a Z-axis mounting plate, linear motion along a Z axis can be achieved through driving by screws and nuts, a Y-axis moving mechanism is mounted on the Z-axis mounting plate through a Y-axis mounting plate, linear motion along a Y axis can be achieved through driving by gears and racks, an X-axis moving mechanism is mounted on the Y-axis mounting plate through two polish rods, linear motion along an X axis can be achieved through driving by gears and racks, the Y-axis rotating mechanism is mounted on an X-axis sliding block through bolts, and rotating along the Y axis can be achieved through driving by a steering engine. By means of the omni-directional intelligent furniture paint spraying robot, space four-degrees-of-freedom movement of the spraying gun of the robot can be entirely achieved, omni-directional paint spraying can be performed on whole furniture, and defects that common paint spraying machines can only spray paint on panel plane furniture by fixed production lines, and the like can be overcome.


Foreign fibres in cotton have seriously affected the quality of cotton goods. The classification and identification of foreign fibres in cotton is the basis of automated inspection of foreign cotton fiber. Application of Support Vector Machine (SVM) for analysis of foreign fibres in cotton. One of the advantages of SVM is that, with limited training data, it can generate results similar or better than other methods. The SVM algorithm is used for automated object detection and characterization. Specifically, the SVM is applied in its basic nature as a binary classifier where it classifies two different folders one having the cotton image and second one contains thesupervised images. The algorithm aims at effectively detecting an object from its background with the minimum training data. The synthetic image containing noises is used for algorithm testing. Furthermore, it is implemented to perform remote sensing image analysis such as identification of Island vegetation, water body, and oil spill from the satellite imagery. It is indicated that SVM provides the fast and accurate analysis with the acceptable result. Furthermore the introduction of CNN has been apply to the proposed technique to this presentation offers a new method for using templates that match the templates of Convolution Neural Network. The CNNs are running simultaneously to train template images. All Information about image template is send to neural network that has been convoluted the image with saved template in very fast manner. It is accuracy while scanning an image and convolutes the pixel with pure image pixel and finds the exact difference in between them. The test picture is a cotton production image containing the foreign image and find out the impurities in running a production line of cotton with high accuracy. This thesis has a complete demonstration of detection system for the foreign fibers in raw cotton. The accuracy of the result is evaluated by the regression analysis of the outcomes like the time of simulation and the size of pictures in pixel speared over the horizontal and vertical area. The results of the proposed analysis have shown that the time is unpredictable for the given set of images. The logistic regression has exponential nature that suggests that the simulation time is drastically increases as the area of cotton size increases. The accuracy provide by proposed technique is very near to hundred percent. General Terms Recognition, Color Space , Image Processing, Algorithm, Simulation.


This study investigates the influence of surface quality on fatigue strength of WAAM 316L stainless steel. The tests were performed on milled, polished and as-built surfaces. The macrostructure with optical microscope and microstructure with EBSD detector were evaluated. The hardness profile was measured from cross-section of the WAAM 316L part. Tensile strength of WAAM 316L was investigated in built and deposition direction. The bending fatigue tests were conducted to evaluate the influence of surface quality on fatigue strength. No pores or other significant printing defects in the WAAM 316L material were detected in microstructure analysis. The microstructure evaluation indicated that high epitaxial grain growth is present in the WAAM 316L microstructure. Due to this a coarse columnar grain structure was present in the microstructure. Tensile tests revealed the built direction to be the best in terms of static strength and that reflected in the fatigue tests as better fatigue strength compared to the deposition direction. The fatigue limit of the milled WAAM 316L in built direction was 235 MPa. The polished WAAM 316L had lower fatigue strength compared to the milled WAAM 316L, although the surface quality of polished WAAM 316L was better. This is due to the residual stresses generated by the polishing process used in the experiments. The fatigue strength of the WAAM 316L with as-built surface was clearly the lowest. The fatigue limit of as-built WAAM 316L was 125 MPa.


Heavy metal pollution is a growing environmental concern due to the increase in anthropogenic-based sources. Microorganisms have high adsorptive capacities and surface-area-to-volume ratio that enable the uptake of these contaminants and their conversion to innocuous complexes in the process of bioremediation. This chapter explores the mechanisms and specific microorganisms that are resistant to metal toxicity. A wide range of bacterial, algae, and fungal species used as biosorbents are highlighted. Mechanisms such as reduction of metal cations, their sequestration, and binding on cell barriers are discussed. To optimise the efficacy of microorganisms in bioremediation processes, adoption of genetic and nano-technologies is recommended.


Studies have shown that specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeted against oncogenes can inhibit expression of these given cellular genes, as well as the cell growth. bcl - 2 is a novel cellular oncogene, which has been believed to possess the effect of blocking programmed cell death (apoptosis) in lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues. Studies demorstrated that bcl - 2 gene is operative in some kinds of lymphoma and leukemia. HL -60 celi line, human progranulocytic leukemia cells line, con-tains higher Ievel expression of bcl - 2 genes. In order to investigate the effect of bcl - 2 expression de-cline on HL - 60 celis, we utilize artificially synthesized bcl - 2 mRNA specific antisense oligomer (15nt) to coculture with HL - 60 celis, which aimed at observing the status of cellular growth, prolif-eration and death. Using determination of cellular kinetics, typan - blue staining and 3H - TdR in-corporation, we conclude as followed: ①bcl - 2 antisense oligomer notably arrests HL - 60 cell growth and proliferation; ②Such effect shows dose - dependent manner, for example, celi growth is inhibited at rate of 40% at concentration of 20 μmol/L for 48 hours, at 30 μmol/L for 48 hours it reach the rate of 58% ; ③Time- effect relationship can also be observed; ④The rate of 3H- TdR incorporation in HL- 60 cells is decreased when the antisense oligomer challenge celis; ⑤Adding antisense oligomer in HL - 60 cells results in not only the appearing of apoptotic bodies in cells that were observered on elec-ton microscope, but also the electrophoresis of DNA ladder, which is representative of apoptosis. In conclusion, this study suggest bcl - 2 specific antisense oligomer could induce occuring of apoptosis in HL -60 celis, therefore the gene, bcl -2 might be an useful target in gene therapy of leukemia.


Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacks the main components of RNAi-dependent gene silencing. Nevertheless, regulation of gene expression in S. cerevisiae could be accomplished via some other types of noncoding RNA, particularly via antisense RNA. Although, there is a high percent of untranslated RNA in yeast genome only few evidences of noncoding RNA gene regulation exist in yeast S. cerevisiae, some of them are reviewed in the present paper.


Since 1949, the spectre of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has constantly dominated Taiwan's political stage. The PRC was considered until the mid-1960s by Chiang Kai-shek, then President of the Republic of China on Taiwan (ROCOT), as a part of the country to be reconquered from the Communist bandits (gongfei). And since the United States′ de-recognition in 1979 the reunification with mainland China has remained one of the key official objectives of the Nationalist regime.


An elastodynamic analysis of an interface crack in coated media with functionally graded properties is performed under the condition of antiplane shear impact. The graded material exists as a nonhomogeneous interlayer between the dissimilar, homogeneous phases of the coating/substrate system or as a nonhomogeneous coating deposited on the substrate. The material nonhomogeneity is represented in terms of power‐law variations of shear modulus and mass density. Based on the use of the integral transform technique, formulation of the transient crack problem is reduced to having to solve a Cauchy‐type singular integral equation in the Laplace transform domain. Via the inversion of the Laplace transforms, the values of dynamic mode III stress intensity factors are obtained as a function of time. In the numerical results, the effects of material and geometric parameters of the coating/substrate system with the graded, nonhomogeneous constituent are illustrated, addressing the dynamic load transfer and overshoot characteristics of the transient crack‐tip behavior. Furthermore, a comparison is made with the dynamic behavior of the interface crack in a discretely coated material system.


The study explores the utilization of Biblical contemplative practice as a viable alternative to Eastern contemplative practice in facilitating neuroplasticity in adults who have experienced developmental trauma. There are 2.3 billion Christians in the world, that is, 31.2% of the world's population. Given the advancement in research and the effectiveness of using prayer and meditation to heal the brain from developmental trauma, this study examines the possibility of using biblical meditation and prayer to heal the brain from developmental trauma. The study examines various definitions of meditation, including Biblical meditation. It explores the neurological impacts of meditation and developmental trauma. The findings from the study indicate that biblical meditation has the same components as other forms of meditation, with the exception that biblical meditation techniques are found in the Bible. The study postulates that biblical meditation has the same neurological impact as other forms of meditation. Biblical meditation facilitates neuroplasticity in the brain stem, midbrain, and cortical structure. This study explains how.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Recommended Citation Lee, Gregory Mark, "Industrial social work : a review of the literature and an evaluation of an employee assistance program" (1979). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2824.


Slurry erosive properties of four NiTi alloys which are heat treated in different programs and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel have been systematically studied using a specially designed slurry-pot equipment.The erosive loss of five samples increase with the erosion time,velocity,mass ratio of sand to water and sand size.Four NiTi alloys exhibited very little difference in wear-resistance and they exhibited better wear-resistance than 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel.NiTi-3 and NiTi-1 exhibited a little better erosive resistance than the others.The superelasticity and the superplasticity,not the hardness,are the key elements for the good anti-erosive properties of NiTi alloys.The heat treatments decrease the superelasticity but increase the plasticity greatly.Deformation occurred in the middle part of the NiTi-wire,and micro-cutting in the sides,which indicated that all the samples exhibit ductile material characteristics in the erosion.


SINCE the first edition of this excellent little book was issued, in 1926, many investigations of the mineral veins and igneous rocks of Cornwall have been made, largely as a result of the work and influence of the author and of Dr. A. Brammall. Mr. Davison is well known as an authority on the Cornish lodes, and Dr. Brammall's unsurpassed petrological work on Dartmoor has stimulated his colleagues and students to apply his methods to the Cornish granites. In consequence, though only five years have elapsed, the second edition marks a very considerable advance on the first. Many parts of the chapters on contact metamorphism, volatile constituents, and lodes have been rewritten, and a new chapter has been added on china clay.Handbook of Cornish Geology.By E. H. Davison. Second edition. Pp. 114 + 4 plates. (Truro: Oscar Blackford, 1930.) 6s.


In biaxial blown film technology of isotactic polypropylene, PP, the film tube drawn over the mandrel contains considerable morphological disorder. This disorder changes on further treatment to greater order i.e. the para-crystallinity and the metastable crystal forms diminish as the monoclinic crystal form increases. The morphology change in PP was stimulated by further treatment of the drawn film tube over a mandrel corresponding to conditions of biaxial bubble forming. Analyses were by SEM, Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (reflection), DSC, and IR Dichroic measurements. A condenser quality PP, Mw/Mn = 7 and MFI = 3.7, shows a tensile yield at 110°C of 11.4 MPa. A tensile stress of 17.7 MPa was obtained at a blow up ratio of 7; the morphology of PP corresponds to deforming spherulites. The fraction of "perfectly" oriented molecules is 0.53.


Many manufacturing and service organizations invest a large amount of capital in inventory. For this reason, it is important for inventory managers to reduce the costs associated with inventory. Firms that carry a variety of items require a classification system for the effective management of inventory. The ABC support system is a well-established inventory planning and control method that is used to manage different classes of inventory and reduce inventory costs concurrently. This paper presents a decision support system for ABC inventory management that can be used by managers to determine the efficiency of their inventory policies and to evaluate inventory decisions. The mathematical formulas to support inventory decisions are discussed. Since managers must manage in term of dollars, the quantitative tools are explained in terms suitable for management.


Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)/polyamide 6 (PA6) blends containing various amounts of organomontmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared using a twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. The effect of OMMT on the microstructure and properties of the ternary nanocomposites is investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical properties testing. The results showed the OMMT platelets were preferentially located and exfoliated in the PA6 phase, but some were located at the interface of the ABS and PA6 phase. The effect of the addition of the OMMT on the morphology and mechanical properties was also evaluated. SEM revealed that the dimensions of the dispersed PA6 droplets were greatly reduced when the concentration of the OMMT was less than 4 phr. The domain size was less than the neat ABS/PA6 blends with the increasing of the OMMT content. It was suggested that the OMMT can compatibilize the ABS/PA6 blend. In addition, the flexural strength and modulus increased with increasing OMMT content, but the tensile strength became maximal at 3 phr OMMT. The OMMT had a negligible effect on the impact strength of the ABS/PA6 blend nanocomposite.


People who suffer chronic illness or significant disability often find it difficult to participate in normal neighbourhood community life. Both the sufferer and their carers and family lose contact with neighbours, friends and the workplace and are unable to participate meaningfully. This study uses qualitative methods to examine online health communities for people suffering from two degenerative neurological diseases, Parkinson's Disease and Motor Neuron Disease and finds that participants in these online communities are creating peer-to-peer value through social capital exchange and a vibrant exchange of social support. The study finds that participation in online health communities can provide opportunities to significantly improve the lives of people who are disabled or chronically unwell.


The purpose of this work is to give an overview on the topic under discussion, control-flow protection. An effort is made for the result to be more accessible by providing sufficient background in beginning and related material in the end. Most of the work was done by searching, consuming and referring to relevant research material. Additionally a control-flow integrity feature of Clang compiler is tried out and the results reported. Control-flow protection can be attacked in various ways on multiple levels and this makes it challeging to implement a trustworthy protection. For this reason it is important to understand the topic both in depth and breadth.


Although catecholamines are known to increase cyclic adenosine 3′5′-monophosphate (C-AMP) in heart muscle, the relations of adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms to inotropy and myocardial C-AMP levels and adenyl cyclase have not been defined. Accordingly, atrial and ventricular muscle preparations were studied in a myograph with a tension recorder. Adenyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase, and C-AMP were measured by chromatographic and isotopic methods. In atrial preparations, norepinephrine (10−5M) increased tension by 80±10% (mean±SE), adenyl cyclase by 40±10% and C-AMP by 75±12%, while carbamylcholine chloride (10−4M) reduced tension by 65±10%, adenyl cyclase by 30±12% and C-AMP by 50±14%. The effects of carbamylcholine chloride on tension, adenyl cyclase, and C-AMP were blocked by atropine 10−5M. In paced ventricular (papillary) muscles, norepinephrine (10−5M) increased tension by 70±10%, adenyl cyclase by 50±11% and CAMP by 90±17%. In contrast, carbamylcholine chloride (10−5M) reduced tension by only 7±5%, adenyl cyclase by 12±8%, and C-AMP by 10±7%. These results demonstrate parallel changes in tension, adenyl cyclase, and C-AMP in atrium and ventricle. The failure of ventricular muscle to respond to carbamylcholine is mirrored by the adenyl cyclase system and C-AMP. Furthermore, the cholinergically mediated tension and adenyl cyclase changes in atria were specifically blocked by atropine. Thus these results relate the different effects of cholinergic agents on atrium and ventricle to adenyl cyclase and C-AMP, and suggest specific receptor localization in these two types of myocardia.


There are many ways you can help your job search. Using the Career Resource Center on campus to have a resume reviewed, do a mock interview, or utilize any other of the many services are great ways to enhance your career. One important step in your job search might be less obvious, but no less importantmanaging your online presence. In addition to keeping up your reputation in the classroom and elsewhere, it is vital to represent yourself in the best way possible online. Employers and graduate schools have commonly searched Google, Yahoo! and other search engines to find out more about potential candidates. A new wave of background search is now being done through online communities. Your Facebook or MySpace account is at risk of being evaluated by a potential employer. Although there are questions as to whether this practice is ethical or acceptable, the fact remains that 35% of hiring managers use Google to do online background checks on job candidates, and 23% look people up on social networking sites according to a survey done in March 2007 by the Ponemon Institute, a privacy think tank. About one-third of those Web searches lead to rejections according to the same survey. Although there is no need to immediately cancel all of your accounts there is some action you should take to manage your online presence. The first step is to use your common sense. Yes, this is a free country and yes, these are your private accounts. However, the simple fact is that people have access to your information when you post it on the World Wide Web. It is important to be cognizant of the fact that the internet is not private, nor do you have control over what ends up available for the world to see. Manage your reputation by doing a search of your name. Be aware of what comes up in Google, Yahoo! or any other search engine. Edit your wall or your comments section of your page making sure what your friends say is not inappropriate. Do not use violent, racist or demeaning comments in blogs, profiles or personal pages. Even if you are not serious, these comments can negatively affect your job search. Also, make sure you set your profile to the highest security settings possible. Every day we are trying to manage our reputations. It is important to remember that the image we present in cyberspace often tell more about who we are than our resumes or graduate school applications. Recruiters are under pressure to find quality candidates and they do not want to be responsible for tarnishing their company or university's reputation or their own. "The term they've (employers) used over and over is red flags," said Trudy Steinfeld, executive director of New York Universities Center for Career Development. "Is there something about their lifestyle that we might find questionable or that we might find goes against the core values of our corporation?" Remember two things and you can't go wrong; integrity and good judgment. Both are vital qualities recruiters look for in a candidate for any position. If you are having a hard time figuring out what would be acceptable on your personal page, consider if it is something you would be comfortable sharing with your grandmother. For more information on managing your online profile please contact the Career Resource Center at (801) 832-2590.


Reports on a qualitative study exploring a highly innovative digital TV pilot service. Focus groups of medical and health information professionals, "condition‐specific" subjects and "general interest" volunteers were recruited to obtain views about the videos generally, in terms of their content and presentation. Issues such as terminology used and the appropriateness of using video to deliver various types of information were also explored; the latter in the light of log statistics indicating relatively low use of videos as compared to text‐based services. Results indicated that those who used the services tended to be avid seekers of information, who saw the service as a first port of call to obtain general information for wider consultation later. Differences emerged between medical professionals and the lay public regarding the use of language and involvement of patients in the videos. Text was regarded as a better medium for conveying some types of information, such as simple facts that might need to be consulted on a regular basis.


EGM2008 is the latest generation of global gravity field model introduced by the U.S.National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency(NGA) in 4,2008 for the first time.We analyzes the accuracy of the model.Several GPS elevation conversion methods are compaed with GPS level data.


We model the latest HST WFPC3/IR observations of ≳100 galaxies at redshifts z = 7–8 in terms of a hierarchical galaxy formation model with starburst activity. Our model provides a distribution of UV luminosities per dark matter halo of a given mass and a natural explanation for the fraction of halos hosting galaxies. The observed luminosity function is best fit with a minimum halo mass per galaxy of , corresponding to a virial temperature of . Extrapolating to faint, undetected galaxies, the total production rate of ionizing radiation depends critically on this minimum mass. Future measurements with JWST should determine whether the entire galaxy population can comfortably account for the UV background required to keep the intergalactic medium ionized.


In order to synthesize a new polymer having flexible polar side groups, the β-cyanopropionaldehyde acetal of poly(vinyl alcohol) (hereafter abbreviated as acetal) was synthesized from poly(vinyl alcohol) and β-cyanopropionaldehyde, with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The rate of the reaction, and the acetalization degree and dielectric properties of the acetals obtained were examined. The rate was proportional to the product of the concentration of both β-cyanopropionaldehyde and poly (vinyl alcohol) in the early stage of the reaction, but showed a deviation from the second-order kinetics later in the reaction. In order to account for the deviation, a modified second-order rate equation, dx/dt=k(a−x)(p−2x)[1−[x/(p−x)]2], was proposed by considering the isolated hydroxyl groups remaining in the polymer chain which can no longer react with the aldehyde; here a, p, and x represent the initial concentrations of the aldehyde and alcohol, and the amount of the aldehyde consumed at time t. The dielectric constants (ε) measured at 1 kHz were 5.2 for the acetylated acetal film of acetalization degree 78.3% and 4.5 for the one of acetalization degree 75.4%.


We have studied the Cabibbo-suppressed decay mode D^0 into K^+ K^- pi^0 using a Dalitz plot technique and find the strong phase difference delta_D [defined as delta_(K*^- K^+) - delta_(K*^+ K^-)] = 332 degrees +- 8 degrees +- 11 degrees and relative amplitude r_D [defined as a_(K*^- K^+) / a_(K*^+ K^-)] = 0.52 +- 0.05 +- 0.04. This measurement indicates significant destructive interference between D^0 into K^+ (K^- pi^0)_K*^- and D^0 into K^- (K^+ pi^0)_K*^+ in the Dalitz plot region where these two modes overlap. This analysis uses 9.0 fb^(-1) of data collected at s^(1/2) of approximately 10.58 GeV with the CLEO III detector.


Maize seedlings can be damaged through a variety of means including traffic, stock grazing, insect damage, hail, and wind damage. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of timing of total maize plant defoliation by ground level cutting on crop growth and yield. Two trials were conducted in the 2007-08 season (Hawke"s Bay and Canterbury). At each site, defoliation at maize growth stages V2, V4, V6 and V8 were compared with an uncut control. Each treatment was replicated four times, and plant growth, leaf area and final crop yield measured. There was no grain yield loss when plants were cut up to growth stage V4 but defoliation delayed maturity resulting in higher grain moisture content. Defoliation at V6 severely reduced grain yield by 60% in Hawke"s Bay and 20% in Canterbury. The crop did not recover when plants were defoliated at growth stage V8. Defoliation of maize up to growth stage V4 will have minimal effect on grain yield but may delay maturity, and defoliation by cutting does not take into account other impacts associated with defoliation in field situations such as compaction, freezing, shear stress, bruising and other secondary impacts. Additional keywords: Zea mays, time of defoliation


1. The contraction of England: an inaugural lecture 1984 2. The twentieth century revolution in Monson Asia 3. India and Britain: the climactic years 1917-1947 4. The forgotten Bania: merchant communities and the Indian National Congress 5. Counterpart experiences: India/Indonesia 1920s-1950s 6. Emergencies and elections in India 7. East Africa: towards the new order 1945-1963 with John Lonsdale 8. Africa Year 1960 9. The end of the British Empire in Africa 10. History and independent Africa's political trauma 11. Political superstructures in post-colonial states (i) A register of constructs (ii) A dislocated polity: Uganda 1960-86 12. Little Britain and large Commonwealth (i) The post-imperial Commonwealth (ii) Commonwealth studies and Commonwealth countries 13. Australia in the eastern hemisphere.


A study investigating the way in which people solve alphabetic analogical reasoning tasks (cf Copycat; Hofstadter & Mitchell, 1995), revealed that participants tend to use the same basic strategy, which was modelled in the cognitive architecture ACT-R. Performance evaluations indicate an average goodness of fit of 66.75% and a 100% goodness of fit on a subset of problems for which participants were significantly more likely to produce a single 'typical' response (p<0.05). The model is discussed in the context of various features of human analogical reasoning which were observed in the study, and in relation to Hoftstadter and Mitchell's (1995) discussion of 'elegant' solutions to problems.


2013 marked the 300th anniversary of the birth of Anthony Benezet, one of America's too-little-known but most significant reformers. The French-born white Philadelphia Quaker schoolteacher and abolitionist taught black people in his home for many years, persuaded the Society of Friends to establish a school for black children, and organized education for white girls, poor children, multiracial children, and for Indian children. A prolific writer and savvy strategist, Benezet circulated throughout the Americas and Europe his own treatises against slavery and war alongside works of like-minded thinkers. Benezet's writings were foundational for the work of leading abolitionists including Granville Sharp, Thomas Clarkson, and John Wesley. This essay articulates Benezet's overarching vision for personal and social transformation by exploring how his widespread reform concerns, including his opposition to war, his antislavery work, his work on behalf of Acadians and Indians, his temperance concerns, and his concerns for education, emerge from and are inextricably interwoven with his foundational religious commitments. In my research on historical patterns of Christian personal and social transformation, I frequently encounter the seeming simplicity of the theological commitments that led believers to challenge the status quo in order to advocate on behalf of the oppressed, the poor and the hungry, and to protest against systematic oppression perpetrated by war, slavery, and greed. History is a witness to how often we ignore, dismiss as naïve, and argue away such deceptively simple aphorisms as: Thou shalt not kill, Love your enemies, Do unto others as you would have others do unto you. And yet, my research documents the radical action, courage, and creativity of reformers who set their sights on living in concert with these foundational prohibitions and affirmations. Anthony Benezet is a leading example of an important American Christian ethical tradition of adherence to fundamental theological commitments, a lineage that continues to be of significance in today's world. In this tradition, personal and social actions are predicated upon the seemingly simple theological affirmations that 1) God loves all humans equally and 2) people have a fundamental responsibility to interact with others in a way commensurate with their status as beloved by God. The radical consistency of Benezet's commitment to this twofold calculus had widespread ramifications that challenged dominant notions of the rights and responsibilities of humans as well as of nations. To recognize Benezet's consistency of thought illuminates his motivation in his extraordinary work on behalf of humanity. I explore, in particular, the key concept


First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Disease Models & Mechanisms, helping researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Lídia Faria is first author on ' Activation of an actin signalling pathway in pre-malignant mammary epithelial cells by P-cadherin is essential for transformation', published in DMM. Lídia is a PhD student in the lab of Florence Janody at Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, investigating how pre-malignant cells acquire characteristics of tumour cells.


Five formulations of pumpkin's and apple's bread and one standard formu1ation were developed. For e1aboration of the samples were utilizated mixture with 10, 20, 30 and 50% of pumpkin's and apple's puree and other ingredients for breadmaking. The products were evaluated comparing with standard by the following characteristics: extern an internal color, form and symetry, crust's characteristics, cooking, granulation and flavour. The mixture of apple or pumpkin puree substituting part of wheat flour during breadmaking reached good results. Using 50% of apple puree and maximum of 30% for pumpkin puree was found good acceptability. Comparing the flavour characteristics of breads made with pumpkin puree and apple puree we concluded that the best results were reached with apple puree.


We study online graph queries that retrieve nearby nodes of a query node from a large network, e.g., find all 2-hop neighbors of Al ice in theLinkedIn social network who are currently employed by Google. To answer such queries with high throughput and low latency, we partition the graph and process the data in paralle l across a cluster of servers. State-of-the-art distributed graph q uerying systems place each graph partition on a separate server, where q u y answering over that partition takes place. This design has t wo major disadvantages. First, the router needs to maintain a fixe d routing table. Hence, these systems are less flexible with respect to query routing, fault tolerance, and graph updates. Second, the gr aph data must be partitioned such that the workload across the server s is balanced, and the inter-machine communication is minimize d. In addition, to maintain good-quality partitions, it is requi red to update the existing partitions based on workload changes over graph nodes. However, graph partitioning, online monitoring of w orkloads, and dynamically updating the graph partitions are ex p nsive. In this work, we mitigate both these problems of state-of-th eart systems by decoupling graph storage from query processo rs, and by developing smart routing strategies with the usage of raph landmarks and embedding, that improve the cache locality in query processors. Since a query processor is no longer assigned an y fixed part of the graph, it is equally capable of handling any r equest, thus facilitating load balancing and fault toleranc e. On the other hand, due to our smart routing strategies, query proce ss rs can effectively leverage their cache contents, reducing th e overall impact of how the graph is partitioned across storage server s. A detailed experimental evaluation with several real-world, l arge graph datasets demonstrates that our proposed framework, gRouting — even with simple hash partitioning of the data — achieves up t o an order of magnitude better query throughput compared to exis ting graph querying systems that employ expensive graph partiti oning and re-partitioning strategies.


a beauty and unction, that reflect admirably both his sanctity and his learning. The dominant theme of the chapters is, of course, love—the boundless love of the Sacred Heart for God, His Mother, His Church, and us, and the immense love, adoration, thanks, and reparation, which we owe that Heart in return. The meditations repeat, clarify, and complete this doctrine, and in warm colors paint the Sacred Heart as our refuge, oracle, and treasure, the perfect model and rule of our lives, the source of the life of grace. The difference between St. John's doctrine and practice of the devotion to the Sacred Heart and ours today is largely a matter of stress and mode of expression. He stresses the metaphorical aspect of the Sacred Heart more often than the symbolical, and uses the word "heart" in a greater variety of senses than we do today. Hence we are surprised, and perhaps disconcerted, when we hear him speak of the Heart of the Father and of the Holy Ghost, the hearts of angels and saints and devils and damned, or when we read that "we have three Hearts to adore in Our Saviour . . . His Divine Heart . . . His Spiritual H e a r t . . . His Corporeal Heart," or that we are to have "but one Heart with our Heavenly Father and our holy Mother." But as St. John understands these expressions, they are all quite correct enough. St. John's Mass, Gaudeamus, is a thing of moving beauty and very different from the Masses Miserebitur and Cogitationes—different in its Sequence and Preface, different in its dominant stress. Like the Office it flows from the discourse after the Last Supper. It has well been called "wholly a Mass of love.. . filled with the Sacred Heart of Jesus," "the Mass of Fire." Both Mass and Office are still in use today among the Eudists. Both the theologian and the liturgist should find the book interesting and valuable both because of the early date of its composition and because of its doctrinal content and the sometimes unusual way of expressing that content. As a book for spiritual reading and meditation, however, it is particularly outstanding, for it seems to breathe forth the spirit of love that made St. John in such a special way the "Father of the devotion to the Sacred Hearts," a spirit of love remarkably qualified to communicate itself to others.


Effects of cadmium(Cd) on various enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the leaves of Oryza saliva L.in different growth period(the tillering stage,the booting stage and the heading stage) were studied.Rice seedling was grown in soils added with various Cd concentrations(0,5,10,20,30,60 mg kg-1).Plant leaves were analyzed for contents of glutathione(GSH),phytochelatins(PCs) and total acid soluble SH,chlorophyll,malondialdehyde(MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT).Results showed that the contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b were the highest with the 5 mg kg-1Cd concentration in the soil.The content of Cd and MDA in the leaves increased as the soil Cd concentrations rose.Under the stress of Cd,the activities of SOD,POD and CAT in rice's leaves in different growth period showed their maximums in the tillering stage,and the minumums appeared in the heading stage.The contents of GSH,PCs and SH rose with the increment of Cd treatment concentrations.The results indicated both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants played significant roles in Cd detoxification in this plant different growth period.


Humans are usually docile. Refraining from the common use of the word, I mean that, human's decisions are generally based on information exchanged within a social system through suggestions, recommendations, comments, and advice. Herbert Simon called this human tendency to rely on socially obtained information (SOI) for decision-making as 'docility'. There are occasions when humans tend to avoid using and interacting with the resources of the environment they are part of, making them mostly non-docile. Hence, docility becomes individuals' dynamic behavioural and cognitive disposition which assists effective completion of cognitive tasks, specifically decision-making. This thesis is one of the very few attempts to investigate the concept of docility to provide it with some level of institutionalization as organizations should 1) understand and highlight value of docility, and 2) establish supporting mechanisms assisting emergence of docility. The thesis comprises of chapters addressing the challenges of understanding docility within organizational environment. Each chapter has its own focused research objectives responding to the main research questions. First, the thesis provides an in-depth review which unfolds key arguments and debates concerning the development of the concept of docility based on the theory of bounded rationality (BR) and distributed cognition mechanism. This study develops a theoretical framework to identify and explain the effect of docility on the psychology of individual's feedback-seeking behaviour (FSB) using Big Five (BiG5) personality traits including extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience (OTE). The study follows Ashford and Cummings' concept of FSB as a day to day proactive socialization tactic to gather informal and evaluative information about one's role requirements and performance. The model proposes docility as a moderator of the relationship between BiG5 personality traits and FSB. Exploring these relationships is particularly important as there is a strive to uncover the antecedents of FSB as well as find the psychological, cognitive and organizational factors related to docility in a hope of promoting both at workplace. Second, followed by description on methodological aspects, the empirical findings of the study based off the proposed conceptual model are presented. Third, the study tests the model quantitatively through multiple regressions to analyse a sample of 408 observations gathered through online survey from UK based employees working in teams of different organizations. Results of this study indicate that a person's FSB is partially attributable to his or her personality makeup. The research confirms that non- docile behaviour weakens the positive relationship between proactive traits ─ extraversion and OTE─ and FSB. Findings show conditional moderation effects of highly docile behaviour on relationships between FSB and conscientiousness as well as FSB and agreeableness. Neuroticism did not influence FSB. Research finds significant positive relationship between docility and FSB which brings a new perspective to the current literature on both concepts. The findings benefit practitioners by gaining some knowledge about i) employees' preferable feedback-seeking strategy considering their average level of docility and personality, ii) ways to provide feedback, and iii) availability and allocation of resources to provide feedback. To find the effects of organizational characteristics — namely formal and informal rules of interaction, costs imposed on seeking and sharing information, and range of interaction— on different types of docility, this study uses agent-based modelling (ABM). This study takes Simon's original model of docility, expands it, and applies it to individuals in formal and informal organizational environments. The reduced costs and flexible environment provided by high range of interactions are extremely significant in understanding how docility emerges and becomes a prevalent cognitive attitude. Finally, from an academic viewpoint, I contribute to debates surrounding concept of docility and exploring antecedents of FSB.


In this paper, we present a control method to realize smooth continuous brachiation. The target brachiation is basically divided into two actions: a swing action and a locomotion action. In order to realize the continuous brachiation effectively and smoothly, it is necessary to start the swing action as soon as the robot grasps the front target bar at the end of the locomotion action. The collision, which occurs at the moment the robot grips the target bar, affects the pendulum motion of the robot. The action of bending the elbow joint of the swinging arm is proposed in order to solve this gripping problem. The elbow-bending action enables the robot to decrease the impact forces and use the excess mechanical energy after the end of the locomotion phase. Thus, there is no loss of energy and waste of time during the subsequent swing phase. Experimental results show that the robot can successfully achieve smooth, continuous brachiation.


Objective To explore the roles of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)in the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease (MMD).Methods By using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),we measured the serum HGF concentrations in 30 patients with MMD,60 healthy control subjects and 8 non-MMD control patients with cerebral ischemia.And we investigated the expression of HGF and its receptor c-Met by immunohistochemical technique in 6 branches of superficial temporal arteries (STAs) and 6 branches of middle meningeal arteries (MMAs) obtained from 12 patients with MMD,in comparison with the branches of STAs taken from 2 control patients with other diseases.Results The patients with MMD and cerebral ischemic non-MMD showed elevated serum HGF concentrations (1154.3±348.9 pg/ml and 955.6±277.5pg/ml) compared with the healthy control subjects (701.3±134.3pg/ml) with P0.001 and P0.05 respectively.The serum HGF concentrations in patients with MMD tended to be somewhat higher than those in patients with cerebral ischemic non-MMD,although the difference was not that marked yet(P0.05).The sections of STAs and MMAs taken from the patients with MMD showed dense and strong HGF and c-Met immunoreactivity in smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells of the arterial walls,whereas the control sections had only scattered or faint immunoreactivity.Conclusion The elevated serum HGF concentrations in patients with MMD compared with those of the healthy controls and the high expression of HGF and c-Met in the arterial walls of the STAs and MMAs in MMD suggest that HGF may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MMD.


In this paper, we study the role of habit formation in accounting for the joint behavior of the real interest rate and consumption growth following a contractionary monetary policy shock, the real interest rate exhibits a persistent increase while consumption growth drops persitently. As the standard permanent income model is known to be unable to replicate this co-movement for intertemporal substitution motives, we introduce habit persistence in consumption behavior. We test the implied Euler equation using a method of moments on conditional moments (IRF) obtained from the VAR Model. Our estimates of the habit persistence parameter are similar to previous results in the literature. Further, we find empirical support in favor of habit formation as a relevant assumption to represent the joint behavior of the real interest rate and the consumption growth following a monetary policy shock. Finally, we show that habit formation allows weakening the intertemporal substitution mechanism


It was shown that injection of 1 X 10(8) spleen cells from C57Bl/6 mice to CBA mice one day before the injection of cyclophosphamide (CY) helped the take of 2 X 10(7) allogeneic or semiallogeneic cells (injected for the second time 3 to 6 hours after C)). Criterion of survival is the ability of the donor cells to produce antibodies to sheep red blood cells in the recipients tolerant of this antigen. Injection of 1 X 10(8) allogeneic cells two days before CY produces no protective effect. Killer-cells proved to appear on the second day after the immunization with allogeneic cells; their peak was reached on the 5th day. The data obtained suggest that CY eliminated the recipients' lymphocytes, which responded to the transplantation antigens, whereas the killer-cells already formed were stable to the CY action.


NAND flash memory is widely used as secondary storage in mobile embedded systems such as cellular phones and digital cameras. These systems usually employ a compressed file system (CFS) to store system files which are fixed during the design phase, in combination with a normal file system to store data files. Since retrieving pages from a CFS requires additional decompression time, it is reasonable to grant them higher priorities when making a page replacement decision. In this paper, we present a new page replacement algorithm for NAND flash memory based embedded systems that considers asymmetric operation cost of each page. The proposed algorithm considers the decompression cost of a page from CFS as well as the asymmetric I/O costs of reads and writes in flash memory. To do this, the algorithm partitions the memory space into a read area, a write area, and a compressed area depending on different operation costs. The size of each area is then dynamically adjusted based on the change of access patterns and the contribution to reducing the I/O costs. Trace-driven simulations show that the proposed algorithm improves the I/O performance of mobile embedded systems significantly. Specifically, it reduces I/O time by 4.8-53.3% compared to widely acknowledged algorithms such as CLOCK, CAR, and CFLRU.


The study area was Mbusyani and Kyevaluki communities in the semiarid region of Machakos District Kenya. This study reviews specific gender issues related to changes in livelihood systems. The research is based on Participatory Rural Appraisals conducted in 1988 and 1989. Both authors visited again in 1994. The profile of the study area and resident households indicates that labor migration to urban areas was successful for some and for others a continuing slide into desperate poverty. The authors found it impossible to generalize about the nature of landholdings the numbers of cattle the amount of income from commercial crops or the likelihood of households surviving in times of drought. There was wide variation in household constraints and perceived opportunities. Groups are identified as affluent average medium poor and poor. Affluent households have off-farm sources of income and sufficient land for commercial and subsistence crops. The average household derives income from the land but has no regular salary income. Medium poor households have 4-5 acres of land few commercial crops and little cash income. The poorest households are fragmented families with 0.5-2 acres of land or landless and must rely on casual labor and no support from relatives. Mens and womens roles are changing and becoming more flexible and complementary. Women still have responsibility for meeting the familys basic needs for food water and fuel. Husbands provide the home and basic income for school fees and major expenditures. Although cultural social and economic adjustments are being adapted to labor out-migration the legal system land tenure and other regulations have not changed. People must rely on personal energy self-reliance determination and a capacity for dealing with tough problems for survival. These people need accountable leadership a supportive political environment access to some technical and financial resources and the knowledge flexibility and commitment of government and private groups.


GENERAL COMMENTS The authors present a well designed case control study to assess the utility of lab tests suggesting hypovolemia to predict the odds of experiencing a fall in hospitalized patients. While the study has a robust statistical analysis based on good methodological design a couple of assumptions are erroneous to allow appropriate clinical interpretation of numerical data. 1. Hyponatremia may or may not be secondary to hypovolemia. This is especially so in elderly hyponatremics where the incidence of euvolemic hyponatremia such as SIADH or reset osmostat are high 2. Test characteristics of BUN, Cr or BUN/Cr ratio to define hypovolemia must be given to appropriately interpret results. The indicated references in the manuscript #10, 26-29 are not primary data but clinical reviews not clearly mentioning this assumption 3.CKD itself is a major risk for falls or fracturesadjusted analysis does not mention this 4. CHF, internal bleeding or hypercatabolic states can also elevate BUN/Cr ratio so this must be mentioned as caveats to using biochemical parameters to indicate hypovolemia 5. At the best, based on data presented, it can be said that prevalent hyponatremia and not renal dysfunction increases the odds of falls in hospitalized patients when adjusting for well known risk factors.


AXWe are also in the final planning stage in coInjunction with the City of Kansas City, Mo., for an adequate system-overhaul base to be located at their new industrial airport, representing an expenditure in the neighborhood of $17 million by them, to be occupied under lease by us, and to be completed during 1955. WN ith the use of more straight line-production methods possible in this plant, a major area will be opened up for cost reduction, as contrasted with our present inadequate facility at Kansas City, Kans. This will represent the culmination of muclh of our ground-facility planning dating back to 1949. About the end of this year we will be carrying out familiarization flights on the first of the 20 turbocompound Super Constellations, which we have on order, that are to be placed in scheduled service during the first half of 1955. Meanwhile, by the year end we will be more than halfway through the conversion of 13 other Constellations to air-tourist configuration. 1953 was a year of reasonable results, 1954 looks good, and the TWA management team-with current-year plans pretty well fixed-is busy on the forward planniing for 1955.


New Testament and Christian sources provide differing information on the end of the Apostle Paul. This volume of essays, edited by Friedrich Wilhelm Horn, contains 14 exegetical studies which approach the topic from the perspectives of history, theology and the history of literature. The individual studies deal especially with the Acts of Luke, the Letter to the Romans, the First Letter of Clement, and the apocryphal Acts of the Apostles.


This study has brought together a large, high-quality database of regional signals from Eurasian seismic events, including 38 underground nuclear explosions and 68 earthquakes, recorded at Soviet IRIS and CDSN stations. Characteristics of regional phases observed at each of the Soviet IRIS stations and their relation to propagation and source effects have been analyzed. The high quality of the signals indicates the strong potential of the stations for monitoring events throughout Eurasia. A variety of amplitude and spectral measurements have been performed on the regional signals to discern differences related to source type. We find here differences in Lg/P amplitude ratios and Lg/P spectral ratios between underground nuclear explosions and earthquakes. The fact that such differences are observed for explosions and earthquakes with practically identical propagation paths provides strong evidence that the observed behavior is dependent on source type. However, the regional phase amplitudes and spectral behavior also are affected by geologic structure along the propagation path. A methodology for identifying and adjusting the observations for such propagation effects is described. Similarity of signals for events of a common source type suggests that discriminants effective for some events are likely to work for others from the same general area.


of direct representatives of the profession on thle (ieneral Council of \Medical Education anld Rsegistration will commemice oni Tuesday, >Nov,ember 2Ithi that is to say, before the Inext iSsu1e of the BRIamisif MIc A;. JotR-INA-L. It is therefore timely, and imay be useful, tllat we should remin(d ouir readers of the urgen' nlecessity whlicih exists for everyone voting. Direct reprosentation wvas won at great cost inore, indeed, than it is altogethier agreeable to reflect ulpon, inot oimly in point of time, labou-r, and money by very earnest men, but at a great sa.crifice also in lhme symmetry, (ompleteness, simplicity, anid efficiency of the mode of examination. Ilad those wlho fought for direct representation been contemnt to treat it as a secondary part of the reforimis de-irable in the svstem of medical educationl, we shiould lhave liad a conjoint board of examination for E"ngland, for Scotlan(l, and for Irelanid( in lieu of the multiplicity of examining boarls and battle of conflicting interests wlich is Inow perpetuated, and of which tlte mischievous results are lhabitually felt. These are seen not onlly in grave coinplaints suclh as tlose dealt with to-day in our columns by thlie weiglhty letter of an eminPeint and experienced metropolitan teacher, but in tlle confused and conmplicated figlht over the proposed Albert UIniv-ersity for Lonldon, witlh its unsatisfactory and lpaitial solution of a conitest whiel was largely influenced by tIme sep'arate collegiate interests of tlle .three examining boards of Lonidoin and their provincial rivals. TYIe General Mlecdical Council lhas had very little to say in


Simultaneous determination of N-methylcarbamate pesticides in agricultural products by high performance liquid chromatography with post-column fluorescence derivatization was investigated.The food sample homogenate was extracted with acetone. The crude extract was partitioned between 5% sodium chloride solution and dichloromethane, and the dichloromethane layer was concentrated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in methanol, dilute hydrochloric acid was added and the solution was analyzed by liquid chromatography with post-column fluorescence derivatization. The post-column reaction system uses a two-step reaction: N-methylcarbamate hydrolysis by NaOH solution cleaves off methylamine, which reacts with o-phthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol. The resulting fluorescent derivative was detected at 445nm (excitation at 339nm). Recovery at the 0.1ppm levels was around 90% with a coefficient of variation of about 5%. The detection limit was 0.005ppm in samples. The method is recommended for determination of residues of N-methylcarbamate and its metabolites in foods.


Some data concerning bio-diversity of Testacea from pine forests of Tomsk and Kemerovo regions are shown. The peculiarities of amoebae bio-diversity, distribution and density of populations depending on forest litter were studied. The list of amoebae consisting of 48 species and sub-species from 15 genera and 9 families are presented. It was shown that amoebae bio-diversity is more affected by soil micro-conditions than by regional peculiarities of pine forests. Approximately 65% of Testacea population on the studied territory belong to three families: Centropyxidae (10 species), Euglyphidae (9 species), Trinematidae (12 species). The analysis of amoebae fauna showed that representatives of four species (Cyclopyxis eurystoma, Euglypha laevis, Trinema lineare, Trinema complanatum) were found in all soil samples. The density of amoebae in pine forests is rather high (10 to 90 thousand specimens in 1 g of dry soil) the density has no significant connection with the number of species. The maximum density and biodiversity of Testacea was registered in Tymirjasevo pine forests. The combination of dominant species is stable and most of the species belong to the those common for the soils. The composition of dominant species is rather similar and species common for the soil are represented there. Two species Trinema complanatum and Euglypha laevis dominate in Tymirjasevo pine forests while Euglypha laevis is more abundant in Kireevsk and Inskoj forests. The most favorable conditions for amoebae development are formed in pine forests where processes of litter accumulation are more intensive and where there are no bush and herbal communities. Some eurybiontic and specific species (closely connected with the environmental conditions of moss litter) were marked.


Shrimp industries produce waste in the form of the tail, head, and skin. These materials can be further processed into chitin by demineralization and deproteinization processes. By removing the acetyl group of chitin, chitosan was obtained. Both characteristics of products are influenced by degree of deacetylation, solubility, viscosity, and molecular weight. To obtain high quality of chitosan, the quality of chitin is improved by optimizing demineralization and deproteinization processes. In this research, before demineralization and deproteinization processes the boiling process was conducted. In addition, the sequence of those processes was randomized, such as demineralization-deproteinization and deproteinization-demineralization processes. The study was conducted by treating the dried shrimp shell waste through the boiling process, the deproteinization process using NaOH solution, demineralization process using HCl solution, and followed by deacetylation process using NaOH solution. The entire processes were carried out in a series of three-neck flask apparatus equipped with a stirrer, heater, and cooler. The final product, chitosan, was neutralized and dried for characterization. The results showed that the process of boiling the shrimp shells can improve the overall quality of chitosan. The process sequence of demineralization and deproteinization from shrimp waste is not so indicate significant differences on making chitosan. Boiling shrimp shells can improve the solubility of chitosan in 1% acetic acid solution significantly. Keywords: chitosan, demineralization, deproteinization


Oxygen and carbon isotope records measured in epibenthic foraminifers ( Cibicides wuellerstorÞ, Cibicides spp., and Nuttalides umbonifera ) are presented for Sites 925 (3041 m water depth), 927 (3315 m), and 929 (4356 m), recovered during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 154 at the northeast slope of the Ceara Rise, western equatorial Atlantic. These records comprise the time interval from 2.6 to 0 Ma. Dating is based on tuning variations of the magnetic susceptibility records to orbital parameters using the 1,1 solution of Laskar. The isotope records of all sites are exceptionally coherent and show a cyclicity dominated by a 41-k.y. cycle during the late Pliocene and the early Pleistocene and a 100-k.y. cyclicity during the late Pleistocene. Carbon isotope records show a varying depth gradient during the studied period. For interglacials, a difference of 0.3a resects the modern pattern of admixing of Lower Circumpolar Deep Water into the overlying North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). During glacials, carbon isotope values of shallow and deep sites differ by up to 1.0a, but converge since 1.6 Ma, and especially since 1.0 Ma. The evolution of Atlantic to PaciÞc carbon isotope gradients is examined using a record of the western equatorial PaciÞc ODP Site 806B (2520 m). From 2.6 to 1.6 Ma glacial reductions in NADW are less than those observed between 1.6 and 0 Ma. During the mid-Pleistocene (0.7Ð0.3 Ma), glacial carbon isotope values of even the shallower Atlantic cores are indistinguishable from PaciÞc values from approximately the same depth.


Among 138 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy entered into anti-androgen therapy until 1985, 52 patients underwent transrectal ultrasonotomography before and during the treatment more than three times. In these 52 cases, the long-term effect of the anti-androgen therapy was evaluated, based on the changes in prostatic weights measured by sonometrics. As a rule, anti-androgenic agent; chlormadinone acetate was administered 50 mg daily, but in 28 cases, the dose was reduced to 25 mg daily after satisfactory decrease in prostatic weight was achieved. Prostatic weight in the 52 cases was 31. 8 + 14. 1 g (mean + S. D. ) before treatment, decreased to 21. 3 + 11. 2 g after four month administration, and remained unchanged (20. 6 + 12. 7 g) in the last ultrasonic examination (after 25-month administration). A similar result was obtained for the 28 cases treated with 25 mg of chlormadinone acetate after satisfactory decrease in prostatic weight. Prostatic weight in the 28 cases was 29. 9 + 8. 1 g before treatment, decreased to 18. 2 + 5. 9 g in the first ultrasonic examination, and remained unchanged (18. 0 + 7. 0 g) in the last ultrasonic examination. Nine cases showed transient reduction of more than 30% in prostatic weight and then reenlargement of more than 30%, eight of these were those treated with 25 mg of chlormadinone acetate after satisfactory decrease in prostatic weight. Among 86 cases treated with the anti-androgenic agent in the same period, seven cases were operated and eight cases dropped out before the third ultrasonic examination. Though these fifteen cases possibly biased the cases followed up, prostatic adenoma seems not to obtain resistance against anti-androgen therapy during the mean follow-up period of 25-month.


Most of the software developers are adopting the CBSE approach, to guarantee; on time delivery of software products, reduce development and maintenance cost and to improve reusability. CBSE is the development of new software by integrating built-in components. A component is a unit of composition with a well defined interface and having self-existence property. Component specification is performed in order to remove ambiguity/contradiction among the components. In this paper we have designed a component specification framework to maintain consistency among components. Our proposed framework is based on certain factors i-e functional specification, applicability, standards, related components, sample use, software connector's specification, interface specification and behavior specification. With the help of this specification, we will be able to resolve component mismatch and compatibility problem. Also prevention from component integration failure is possible.


In this paper, it is assumed that media actors promote and inhibit social practices because of their ability to produce and reproduce social representations. The action of the media is not only the possibility of social control, it also helps to stabilize representations that have an impact on the ideas that social actors have on community processes. This study seeks to explain how the media create representations on dispossession of land and property, which lead to forced displacement. Representations on cooperation are also discussed, as they encourage a dysfunctional kind of citizenship for collective empowerment, which, sheltered by a handout mentality, inhibits the development of the potentialities of the actors that are represented. This study identifies the type of political subjectivity fostered by the media and the way such socio-cultural way of representing reality involves the development of social and political life in Colombia. For this purpose, an article in Semana magazine (Semana.com) was explored. It is related to the political situation of the implementation of Act 1448, entitled: "Un año en el Salado" ('A year at El Salado'), published on December 4th, 2010. The article analysis follows the methodology proposed and developed by Pardo Abril. It is assumed that discourse, as semiotic and multimodal action, draws meanings from correlations of power between different actors in a socio-historical moment. Therefore, media discourse expresses collective positions and may reinforce or otherwise transform social relations. The discursive resources are analyzed, together with the strategies involved in the representation of the acts of repairing damage and restitution of land. It is shown that cooperation is intended as an act of offering a benefit, which serves the purpose of justifying a state of affairs socio-historically promoted and supported by governments and socioeco-


Water is an overwhelmingly major component in food so that the freezing behavior is very important in food processing. Effective thermal conductivity of frozen food is strongly dependent on temperature and is described well by the Maxwell-Eucken model with ice phase dispersed. Ice crystal structure size in frozen food is inversely proportional to the advance rate of ice front, reflecting the important role of the molecular diffusion of water in the process of ice crystal growth. In the freezing preservation of living cells, the water permeability in the plasma membrane seriously affects freezing tolerance of cells. Plant cells, in general, have much lower water permeability in the membrane as compared with animal and microbial cells so that the membrane structure of plant cells is easily destroyed by freezing. This lower freezing tolerance of plant cells is applicable to the waste treatment of kitchen refuses such as vegetables and fruits. By controlling the ice crystal structure size very large, the progressive freeze-concentration becomes possible. This method is very effective to make the freeze concentration system much simpler as compared with the conventional method of suspension crystallization to reduce the cost of freeze concentration substantially.


Hydrogen-bond motifs for the supramolecular synthesis of sulfonamide−pyridine-N-oxide complexes were derived from the analysis of cocrystal structures of aryl sulfonamides and pyridine-N-oxides. The sulfonamide NH donor persistently interacts with the N-oxide acceptor via a N−H···O hydrogen bond, though the exact geometry of the motif, such as discrete (D), infinite chain C(4), cyclic motifs R42(8) or R22(4), varies from structure to structure. Surprisingly, the two-point R22(8) cyclic motif of N−H···O and C−H···O hydrogen bonds, analogous to the heterosynthon in carboxamide−pyridine-N-oxide cocrystals, was not observed in sulfonamide−N-oxide cocrystals. The utility of this model study is demonstrated by making cocrystals of Furosemide with 4,4′-bipyridine-N,N′-dioxide and isonicotinamide-N-oxide.


With climate change and intensification of the hydrological cycle, the stationarity of hydrological variables is becoming questionable, requiring appropriate flood assessment models. Frequency analysis is widely used for flood forecasting. This study aims to determine the most suitable models (stationary and non-stationary) for estimating the maximum flows observed at some stations spread across West Africa. A statistical analysis of the annual maximum flows in terms of homogeneity, stationarity, and independence was carried out through the Pettitt, modified Mann–Kendall, and Wald–Wolfowitz tests, respectively, to identify the stations whose flows are non-stationary. After that, the best-correlated climate covariates with the annual maximum flows of the non-stationary stations were determined. The covariates explored are the climatic indices of sea surface temperatures (SST). Finally, different non-stationary GEV models were derived by varying the scale and position parameters of the best-correlated index for each station. The results indicate that 56% of the annual maximum flow series are non-stationary. As per the Bayes information criterion (BIC) values, the performance of the non-stationary models (GEV, generalized extreme values) is largely greater than that of the stationary models. These good performances of non-stationary models using climatic indices open perspectives for the prediction of extreme flows in the study area.


Four policies might close the gap between the global GHG emissions expected for 2020 on the basis of current (2013) policies and the reduced emissions that will be needed if the long-term global temperature increase can be kept below the 2 °C internationally agreed limit. The four policies are (1) specific energy efficiency measures, (2) closure of the least-efficient coal-fired power plants, (3) minimizing methane emissions from upstream oil and gas production, and (4) accelerating the (partial) phase-out of subsidies to fossil-fuel consumption. In this article we test the hypothesis of the International Energy Agency (IEA) that these policies will not result in a loss of gross domestic product (GDP) and we estimate their employment effects using the E3MG global macro-econometric model. Using a set of scenarios we assess each policy individually and then consider the outcomes if all four policies were implemented simultaneously. We find that the policies are insufficient to close the emissions gap, with an overall emission reduction that is 30% less than that found by the IEA. World GDP is 0.5% higher in 2020, with about 6 million net jobs created by 2020 and unemployment reduced. Policy relevance The gap between GHG emissions expected under the Copenhagen and Cancun Agreements and that needed for emissions trajectories to have a reasonable chance of reaching the 2 °C target requires additional policies if it is to be closed. This article uses a global simulation model E3MG to analyse a set of policies proposed by the IEA to close the gap and assesses their macroeconomic effects as well as their feasibility in closing the gap. It complements the IEA assessment by estimating the GDP and employment implications separately by the different policies year by year to 2020, by major industries, and by 21 world regions.


Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system can be considered as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) system implemented to engineering structure to provide real-time information on the integrity of the structure. In doing so, the system acquires data from various sensors distributed across the structure and infers damage sensitive quantities. In the research, we proposed a damage index derived from the governing dynamics of the structure in the frequency domain. The proposal was empirically verified by applying the index to analyze the case of a cracked cantilever beam subjected to a harmonic load. The value of the damage index was computed at some points surrounding the crack to understand the effect of the distance of the monitoring point to the crack to the index sensitivity. The results suggest that the index is sensitive to the crack particularly when the observation point is near the crack.


Throughout his term of office,Su had been able to remain honest and clean under power politics.He loved the people and was diligent in government affairs.Such virtue and good conduct of his has earned him a rather good reputation as Su Qing Tian.In this article,a conclusion has been made to show that the fine qualities of Su could be attributed to two aspects.On the one hand,he was molded by his stern home education and the Confucian cultural background as he grew up.On the other hand,his ancestors,his father Su Zhidao in particular,had set up good examples for him to follow.


To test the ability of different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities to discriminate the time course of damage and regeneration in a model of acute, toxin‐induced muscle damage.


In the absence of comprehensive survey data this study used citizen science bird counts, extracted from the Atlas of Living Australia, to assess which species benefit most from protected areas. This was done by fitting temporal models using the Integrated Laplace Approximation (INLA) method. The trends for five resident shorebird species were compared to the Australian Pied Oystercatcher, with significantly steeper upward trends identified for the Black-fronted Dotterel, Red-capped Dotterel and Red-kneed Dotterel. Steeper upward trends were observed in protected than unprotected areas for the Black-fronted Dotterel, Masked Lapwing and Red-kneed Dotterel. This work suggests that, with some limitations, statistical models can be used with citizen science data for monitoring the persistence of resident shorebirds and for investigating factors that are impacting these data. The results for the Dotterel species in protected areas are particularly encouraging.


Molecular docking plays an important role in drug discovery research by facilitating target identification, target validation, virtual screening for lead identification and lead optimization. Depending upon the nature of the disease of interest, targets can be either protein or DNA while drugs are mostly organic small molecules. Different types of molecular docking techniques like protein-protein or protein-DNA or protein-small molecule or DNA-small molecule are employed for achieving the above mentioned objectives. This chapter provides a clear idea of the position of molecular docking in drug discovery with detailed discussion on different types of molecular docking based on the varieties of interacting partners. Subsequently the authors provide a detailed list of tools that can be used for docking in drug discovery and discus some examples of molecular docking in drug discovery before concluding with a remark on future areas of improvement in molecular docking related to drug discovery.


Historic preservation areas are extremely vulnerable to disasters because they are home to many vulnerable people and contain many closely spaced wooden houses. However, the narrow streets in these regions have historic meaning, which means that they cannot be widened and can become blocked easily during large disasters. Here, we describe our efforts to establish a methodology for the planning of evacuation route sin such historic preservation areas. In particular, this study aims to clarify the effectiveness of measures intended to secure two-way evacuation routes for vulnerable people during large disasters in a historic area preserved under the Cultural Properties Protection Law, Japan. Keywords—Historic preservation, evacuation route analysis, vulnerable people, street blockade.


The Al(OH)3 gel was prepared by reacting the aqueous solution of aluminum chloride with epichlorohydrin. A12O3 powder was obtained by treating the gel by solvent exchanging, drying and calcining. The particle is fibrous δ-A12O3, about 200urn long and 20urn wide. Its specific surface area is 66.0m2/g.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the expression of integrin beta 1 in hepatic cirrhosis (HC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODS
The expression of integrin beta 1 in HCC, HC and normal liver tissues was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The association between the integrin beta 1 expression and clinical pathological features were analyzed.

RESULTS
(1) The levels of integrin beta 1 mRNA and protein in the HCC (1.30+/-0.24, 90.50+/-33.50) and HC (1.58+/-0.31, 123.10+/-38.90) were much higher than that in the normal hepatic tissue (0.37+/-0.08, 11.90+/-6.00) (P less than 0.05). (2) The expression of integrin beta 1 was associated with HC (r = 0.692), Edmondson pathologic grade (F = 13.618), encapsulation (F = 17.857) and metastasis (F = 38.857) (P less than 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Integrin beta 1 may play an important role in the development of hepatic fibrosis, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.


Rhodamine B(RDB) is oxidized by KIO4 in catalysis of Ru(Ⅲ) and forms a green fluorescence product(λex/λem =248nm/529nm) under condition of 70℃ and in a 0. 08 mol/L HCl solution. The product is used as an indication component to investigate the indication reaction of Ru (Ⅲ). A new spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of 0. 2~10 ng/L Ru has been described. The detection limit is 0.1ng/L Ru. The mechanism of catalytic reaction is also discussed.


beta-Galactosidase (beta-D-galactoside galactosyl hydrolase EC 126.96.36.199) purified from Cicer arietinum has been immobilized on modified and actived macroporous resin D-202 (dimethylethoxymethylaminopolyphenylethlene anion-exchange resin) with high enzyme activity and high activity yield by means of adsorption of ions and crosslinked reaction. Catalytic kinetic results of immobilized beta-galactosidase show that enzyme activity attains its maximum at 55 degrees, pH 6.0, and the operational pH range and its thermostability range are increased compared to those of free enzyme. In addition, kinetic parameters K-m, V-m and E-a of the immobilized enzyme are slightly different from those of free enzyme. Raffinose, lactose and D-galactose are all reversible inhibitors for this enzyme. Their inhibitory kinetics are also studied.


Objective: To explore the relationship between inflammatory level of periodontitis as well as disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism of diabetes in the aged population with diabetes and periodontitis. Methods: 151 diabetes patients with periodontitiswere divided into two groups accroding to inflammatory level of periodontitis to analyze the correlation between inflammatory level of periodontitis and the content of fasting serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin,triglyceride,high density lipoprotein cholesferol,low density lipoprotein cholestorolin in blood by Binary Logistic regression analysis. Result: High content of fasting serum glucose OR=3.344(1.015-11.024), glycosylated hemoglobin OR=2.948(1.049-8.288), triglyceride OR=2.829(1.074-7.453)and low density lipoprotein cholestorolin OR=1.656(1.017-2.696) in blood were risk factors of aggravate inflammatory level of periodontitis with diabetes. Conclusion: The disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism of diabetes have obvious correlation with periodontal inflammatory level in the aged diabetes population with periodontitis.