Contact theory (Allport, 1954) served as the framework to investigate undergraduate kinesiology students' attitudes toward children with disabilities after a service-learning (SL) experience. Fifty-one undergraduate kinesiology students enrolled in an adapted physical education (APE) course served as the experimental group, and 31 undergraduate kinesiology students enrolled in an introductory kinesiology course served as the control group. The Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale–Form A (Yuker, Block, & Younng, 1970) was administered at three different times: before, during, and after the SL. A mixed-design ANOVA revealed that there were no statistically significant main or interaction effects for gender, group, and time on the attitude scores of kinesiology students toward children with disabilities. The results suggest that the quantity and quality of contact time with children with disabilities may be important to consider when designing and structuring SL experiences in APE courses.


Although there have been numerous investigations of the structure of ozone during the last thirty years, no studies yielded universally accepted structures until the recent infrared and microwave work. The microwave spectrum gives structural information which can be interpreted unambiguously and which is more accurate than that obtained by other methods. In this study the rotational spectra have been obtained for six isotopic ozone molecules between 9000 and 45 000 Mc. The spectra of four of them have been identified to the extent necessary to determine the spectral constants, from which moments of inertia have been calculated. By taking the moments of inertia for a molecule two at a time, structural parameters of the molecules have been calculated. Because of the inertia defect, the three different sets of parameters for each molecule have small discrepancies. There is remarkable consistency between the parameters for the different molecules. Although the resultant bond length of 1.278±0.002 A is consist...


The article presents a numerical model of a u-ventilated longwall, taking into account detailed elements such as arch yielding support, roof supports and shearer. What distinguishes it from previous models is the mapping of adjacent goafs. This model considers the current state of knowledge regarding spatial height distribution, porosity and permeability of goafs. Airflow calculations were carried out using the selected turbulence models to select appropriate numerical methods for the model. Obtained results show possibilities of conducting extensive numerical calculations for the flow problems in the mine environment, taking into account more complex descriptions and the interpretation of the calculation results carried out with simpler models.


The aim of the present work is to measure continuous volumetric displacement fields in a glass epoxy at the micro scale. A high-resolution desktop X-ray microtomograph is used to acquire images. In practice, in this situation, one has usually to face two major issues. Firstly, the recorded texture in the polymer resin is usually flat. A contrast medium is therefore added at the manufacturing step to create a random pattern in the matrix. Secondly, the size of the images, and consequently the number of degrees of freedom, may become prohibitive for Finite Element based Digital Volume Correlation techniques. It is then proposed to resort to a recent proper generalized decomposition based digital volume correlation scheme.


This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of higher vocational college library's outsourcing, and in the light of the problems existing in the outsourcing, puts forward some corresponding solving measures.


Research Goals and Objectives: The main goal of this project was to develop an analytical approach that will enable researchers, analysts, and practitioners to utilize detailed dated criminal history information, when such information is available, in order to investigate whether, and to what extent, incarceration is able to deter offenders from future offending. A secondary goal of the project was to demonstrate the utility of the developed framework by applying it to a real-world dataset. Research Design and Methodology: The methodology developed in this project builds on two traditions. It uses concepts common to information-theory and event-history analysis. When combined, the resulting framework allows analysts (i) to estimate individual-specific offending micro-trajectories; (ii) to project counterfactual trajectories (i.e., trace out the offending trajectory for each individual had (s)he not been incarcerated); and (iii) to assess the actual post-release offending patterns against the backdrop of these counterfactuals. The information-theoretic underpinnings of the framework also help quantify the extent of deviation between the counterfactual and actual micro-trajectories for each individual. This composite statistic allows one to classify individuals' incarceration as having had a deterrent, an incapacitative or a criminogenic effect on them. Research Results and Conclusions: Dated arrest histories of a sample of prisoners released from state prisons in 1994, collected by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and publicly archived at ICPSR (Study # 3355), were used to model these trajectories and study their deflection. Estimated models largely confirmed expectations. Upon release, being later in the offending sequence exerted an upward pressure on the risk path (trajectory) relative to what was anticipated and, all else being equal, being closer to prior offending activity exerted a downward pressure on the trajectory relative to the counterfactual. Moreover, a comparison of the counterfactual and actual offending patterns suggests that most releasees were either deterred from future offending (40 percent) or merely incapacitated (56 percent) by their incarceration. About 4 percent had a criminogenic effect.


Introduction Much has been suggested or asserted concerning the significance of periodic precipitation in the interpretation of various biological phenomena, such as markings of surfaces, etc., and it is unnecessary here to do more than mention the names of LIESEGANG, LEDUC, KiJSTER, KLEBS (6), BECHHOLD to recall the discussions following this direction. But it can hardly be doubted that, valuable as the pioneer work has been, all these suggestions have been tinged, if not deeply dyed, by vagueness or obscurity, so much so as to arouse skepticism as to the value of, or antagonism to the inferences drawn. Nevertheless a residuum of feeling remains that there is something in it all. The stripes of a zebra may be held to be produced in some other way than by periodic precipitation, but attentive consideration of these and similar remarkable productions generally leads to the admission that they look most suspiciously like some of the results of periodic precipitations; and more especially when the irregular or anomalous results of physicochemical experiments are contemplated. Of the latter, some illuminating examples will be given in the proper place. It is patent that we know so very little about the physical phenomenon itself that the search for analogies is not at present very far justified. This is hardly surprising when we consider that it has been studied chiefly, when seriously, by persons more apt in physical experiment than in biological observation and interpretation. In their singleness of purpose they have sought out the simplest conditions for study, and this from their point of view is right and proper. But biological phenomena are overwhelmingly complex, and it happens that the more complex non-living systems are highly suggestive to the biologist. For this reason is justified their study,


A research project funded by the Commonwealth Caribbean Medical Research Council began in February 1987, to study aspects of the situation in connection with the 508 Community Health Aides employed in the Government Service in Jamaica. This report deals specifically with the role of Supervisors (Public Health Nurses and Midwives) in relation to the Aides employed in the Government Primary Health Care Service, Jamaica. There were 77 Supervisors interviewed, and questionnaires were returned from all 4 Administrative Health areas in Jamaica. The Supervisors reported that they could supervise more Aides in the community setting than in the clinic setting alone. In-service training was an integral part of the Aide program, and there was regular evaluation of the Aides, with at least an annual evaluation in keeping with the policy of the agency. Resource persons from other sectors assist in continuing education programs for the Aides. The main weakness were in selection and training (political involvement in selections; training period of 8 weeks too short, need to strengthen attitude to work and develop self-discipline); numbers and distribution (too few Aides, too many based in clinics instead of the community, uneven geographic assignments); conditions of service (inadequate remuneration, lack of upward promotion, delays in permanent appointments); supervision, evaluation and communication (inadequte supportive supervision professional staff shortage, need to strengthen evaluation and communication between Aides and Supervisors). Strengths of the Aide Program include living and working in the same district and being part of a health team.


1. what looks like a single parameter distinguishing two major dialect regions should be split up into three separate parameters 2. while logically independent, these microparameters tend to conspire, rendering certain combinations of paramater settings highly infrequent and others very common


PDS catalyzes the second dedicated step in carotenoid biosynthesis in plants (Bartley et al., 1994). Recently, Giuliano et al. (1993) detailed the regulation and chromosomal local-ization of the PDS gene. Expression of the PDS mRNA is induced in specific organs (flower, fruit) as well as in response to environmental signals, such as photooxidation (Giuliano et al., 1993; B. Aracri, unpublished data). Therefore, it is of interest to locate the cis-regulatory sequences that mediate this pattem of expression. Here we report the complete sequence of cDNA and genomic clones of the PDS gene from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv Ailsa Craig) (Table I). Our PDS cDNA sequence is co-linear to the one reported previ-ously by others (Pecker et al., 1992), with the exception that the first intron (positions 1107-1338 in our submitted sequence) is present in the cDNA reported by Pecker et al. (1992) and spliced in the cDNA reported here. Unpublished data ( B. Aracri) indicate that mRNAs in which the first intron is spliced and unspliced co-exist in poly(A+) RNA from ripening tomato fruits.


The influence of temperature variations on uplift pressure of concrete dam foundation is studied by establishing statistical monitoring models for uplift pressure with or without temperature factors.The research shows that,considering temperature factors,the quality of the model is better,and can describe the influence of environmental variables on seepage more,evaluate the dam safety more accurately.


The Cauchy problem for a degenerate parabolic equation with anisotropic -Laplacian and double non-linearity is considered. For increasing initial data local estimates for the -norm of a solution are obtained, which yield a precise characterization of the growth of solutions at infinity. An estimate for the order of the length of the time interval on which a solution is defined is found in its dependence on the initial data. Bibliography: 12 titles.


The knowledge required in the knowledge based society of the twenty-first century is obtained through the power of creative thought and imagination. The power of imagination and creative thought is the heartland of making cultural, political and scientific creativity through the art based on the freedom. As `the culture era` approaches, the expectation of the creativity and imagination to follow up the gravity of the culture and the changes of the world is transferred into the importance of arts&culture education and this has been continually come up to an issue. The goals of this study are to clarify all the results of business for promoting the policies of art & culture education, analyse currently existing project of supporting an photography education practitioner, indicate problems issued by survey and policy report survey and finally revitalize school-based arts&culture education using issued problems for improvement.


The article highlights the role of geography in the digitalization of education through the development of digital cartographic culture. The approaches to the formation of digital cartographic skills are specified by the example of using the capabilities of the Microsoft Power Point program. The choice of this program for mass use in order to introduce students to the creation and design of cartographic works is justified. Methodological recommendations for mapping using the Microsoft Power Point program are given and described step by step. These recommendations became the basis for the creation of an elective course "Computer Cartography" for pre-professional engineering and IT classes at the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Moscow "School No. 1517". The results of the testing of this course are shown in the figures. The described methodological recommendations will be useful to participants of the educational process interested in the formation of digital cartographic skills of students not only when studying.


This study examines health‐care costs attributed to dementia diseases in the 10 years prior to, during, and 6 years after diagnosis.


OBJECTIVE:To establish a DDD(defined daily dose) database for the anti-infective agents used in China and to compare DDD in China(DDDChina) with that defined by WHO(DDDWHO) so as to reveal the difference between China and abroad in consumption quantity of anti-infective agents.METHODS:DDDWHO of anti-infective agents was obtained from the DDD defined by WHO and DDDChina was obtained by reviewing package inserts of anti-infective agents specified by State Food Drug Administration(SFDA).Then the absolute percentages of the DDD of the anti-infective agents were derived by comparison between DDDChina and DDDWHO.RESULTS:Of the total 206 kinds of anti-infective agents,53 showed DDDChinaDDDWHO,61 showed DDDChina=DDDWHO,92 showed DDDChinaDDDWHO,15 showed an absolute percentage of DDD≥200%,and 23 showed an absolute percentage of DDD≤50%.CONCLUSION:Of the 206 kinds of systemic anti-infective agents,25.73%showed DDDChinaDDDWHO,which might be associated to the recent elevated bacterial tolerance.


Inorganic ions, particularly cations, have long been regarded as potent agents for altering and controlling the activities of living cells. The pharmacological literature is replete with studies on effects of altering environmental concentrations of single ions and of ion ratios. On the basis of such studies, a general feeling has grown up that the ions are important controlling factors, a feeling that is well justified, so far as what may be called surface effects are concerned. However, to deduce from such experiments the roles of intracellular cations may not be justified, and it is with intracellular cations that we are concerned. There is, indeed, very little direct information about the actions of cations within the cells. For example, potassium is well known for its effects on irritabi1it)y and as an agent causing contracture, when supplied in excess in the medium surrounding muscle fibers. However, these effects are usually noted within very short times after the application is made and certainly are not due to any considerable changes in potassium within the fibers themselves. Unless one postulates that all effects, even on the contractile mechanism, are transmitted from the surface inward, i t is necessary to conclude that such studies do not, relate to actions of intracellular cations, but solely to the effects of the extracellular cations, either directly, acting on the surface, or indirectly, in upsett>ing a balance between two phases.


With the construction and development of the reform and opening up and the system of socialism market economy,and especially with the frequent thorough going development of the education system and the reform of college admissions system and employment assignment,the ideological and political work at college is confronted with a series of new conditions and questions.On how to be realistic and do best at the college student ideological and political work,the article analyzes the actual conditions and proposes how to improve and strengthen it.


Student group formation plays a critical role in terms of enhancing the success of academic learning. It involves structuring groups in order to help students to learn together. Due to the heterogeneity of students in classes, the process of forming student groups is becoming more complex. In this paper, we proposed an approach to form student groups at a university for software development project to ensure that software products can be delivered successfully on time. Our proposed algorithm is called Genetic Algorithm for Heterogeneous Grouping (GAHG). The algorithm aims to achieve both fairness in the group formation and to maximize the students' skills within the formed groups. An experiment was performed with 48 students to demonstrate the ability of the approach. Experimental results indicate that our approach can optimally allocate students in an efficient way. Key-Words: Fairness in coalition; group formation; genetic algorithm; heterogeneous grouping.


13.1. If '[p f a]' is in K′, we will say that 'p' is a value of 'f' at 'a'. 13.2. If 'a' and 'b' are rational U-reals and if 'b' is not less than 'a', then '{a, b}' will be called a rational U-interval. 13.3. If 'f' has a value at 'd', if 'd' is within a U-interval '{c, e}', and if all values of 'f' at U-reals with '{c, e}' are within the U-interval '{r, t}', then we will say that '{c, e}' restricts 'f' to '{r, t}' at 'd', and that '{c, e}' is an 'f'-restrictive correlate of 'd' with respect to '{r, t}'. 13.4. If 'd' is within '{a, b}', we will say that '{a, b}' "contains" 'd'. 13.5. If 'f' has a value at 'd' and if corresponding to every U-interval '{r, t}' that contains a value of 'f' at 'd' there is an 'f'-restrictive correlate of 'd' with respect to '{r, t}', then 'f' will be said to be "continuous" at 'd'. Without loss of generality the 'f'-restrictive correlate can be required to be a rational U-interval. 13.6. If 'f' is continuous at every U-real in '{a, b}', we will say that 'f' is continuous in '{a, b}'. 13.7. Theorem. If 'k' is a positive U-real and 'f' is continuous in a U-interval '{a, b}', then '{a, b}' is covered by the class S of rational U-intervals that are 'f'-restrictive correlates of rational U-reals in '{a, b}' with respect to those rational U-intervals '{r, t)' that contain values of 'f' at rational U-reals in '{a, b}' and that are such that'∣t − r∣' is equal to 'k' (in the sense of 10.10).


This paper contains worklife expectancies (WLE) of railroad workers based on the Twenty-Seventh Actuarial Valuation (Bureau of the Actuary, 2018), thereby updating the previous study of railroad workers' WLE based on the Twenty-Fifth Actuarial Valuation (Bureau of the Actuary, 2012). The main results of this paper are shown in a set of tables.1


IS THERE ANYTHING ELSE TO SAY ABOUT DORA? WE SHALL SOON SEE. One hundred years ago, Freud (1905) published "Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria," an account of a battle of wit and will between Freud and Dora that lasted but a few short months. Do all analysts remember their first encounter with the Dora case? I no longer remember mine. Was it in a doctoral seminar? In a college course? I know that I had read it long before I began analytic training and that it was not one of the assigned readings for that training. When I first read it, I was fascinated, as I suspect are most readers. Even as a young and inexperienced clinician, I knew that there was something fishy about this treatment. Dora did not seem to be the kind of neurotic patient Freud claimed to be curing. And yet I was seduced by the grandeur of Freud's intellect and was not yet able to understand the hubris that he also revealed in those pages. We do not need to engage in a canonization of St. Sigmund to respect and admire Freud's achievements. And we must be cognizant that Freud is the only eyewitness to the treatment with Dora whose account we possess. In that sense, Freud will always retain the power. Yet we are not defenseless against his rhetorical weapons, and the contributors to this issue of Psychoanalytic Inquiry are skilled interpreters of texts, both clinical and literary. By our very questioning and search for understanding in these papers, we honor Freud's legacy of courage and curiosity as well as the tradition of intellectual inquiry that characterizes scholarship in the humanities—for the Dora case has always been a shared object, perhaps even more important in the academic and literary worlds than in the clinical one. The idea for this issue emerged from a September 2000 symposium sponsored by the Philadelphia Psychoanalytic Society and the Philadelphia Association for Psychoanalysis (now joined as the Psychoanalytic Center of Philadelphia); the Department of Psychiatry of


The storytellers who told me the myths that appear in this book speak the Zacapoaxtla dialect of General Aztec or Sierra Nahuat. When I recorded and transcribed their stories, I could choose from a number of ways of writing their language. Harold Key and Mary Ritchie de Key had prepared their Vocabulaho de la Sierra de Zacapoaxtla (Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1953) with an orthography designed to help Nahuat literate in Spanish record and read their own language. Dow F. Robinson, who wrote a very useful word structure, preferred writing Nahuat with a method adapted from H. A. Gleason's phonology. Both sources used orthographies different from those of the well-known dictionaries and grammars of Classical Nahuatl. While I found the dictionary prepared by Harold Key and Mary Ritchie de Key very useful, the words it contained did not correspond precisely to what I heard in Huitzilan and Yaonahuac, the villages where I did my fieldwork and which are located near Zacapoaxtla. Moreover, their dictionary has some errors: principally missing or misplaced glottal stops. I decided to record the speech of the Nahuat storytellers with Gleason's phonology. A number of developments in Nahuat orthography have taken place since I transcribed narratives in the Sierra Norte de Puebla. Principal among them was the appearance of Frances Karttunen's An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl (University of Texas, 1983) which would have made my task easier. Karttunen combined, systematized, and corrected information contained in several dictionaries including the one by Harold Key and Mary Ritchie de Key. I prefer Karttunen's orthography because it has the linguistic corrections and uses a minimum of diacritical markers. Those who wish to find in Karttunen's dictionary the Nahuat words appearing in my book will need to know how her words are spelled differently from mine. Readers can usually locate my Nahuat words in her dictionary by changing my k to her c or qu, c to ch, s to c or z, s to x, and w to hu or u. For example, change okicpil (boy) to oquichpil, siwapil (girl) to cihuapil, masewal (speaker of Nahuat) to macehual, neiskwitil (lesson) to neixcuitil, and kisayampa (it comes out of) to quizayanpa. Readers will also be able to locate more easily the stems and compounds of Nahuat words by adding missing or misplaced glottal stops. The following glossary will be useful. The first column refers to Nahuat words as they appear in Nahuat Myth and


This study aims to examine the influence of motivation and competency of health personnel on the performance of puskesmas in Palu. The theory used is the Herzberg motivation theory, the theory of Spencer and Spencer competency and performance theories of Poister. This study was designed quantitatively, with explanatory survey method. The sampling technique used is Cluster Sampling. Data collection through the documentation study, questionnaires, confirmation interviews, and observation. Analysis data is Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed a strong influence of motivation and competency are strong enough influence on the performance of puskesmas in Palu. The results of this study implies that to obtain high performance in a public organization, motivation of employees should be to improved first in order to encourage employee competencies as a basis employment success.


Background  While an association between androgens and the metabolic syndrome (MS) is well established in obese women, studies concerning this relationship are scarce in obese adolescent girls. Therefore, we analysed the relationships between androgens, MS and intima‐media thickness (IMT) in this age‐group.


Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of retinal detachment operation performed at different stages on the visual function,and to provide theoretical and experimental evidence for choosing the best operation time and recovery of visual function.Methods 15 colored rabbits were used for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.The animals were for retinal reattachment after 1,7 and 14 days,respectively.Multifocal eletroretinography was performed and tissue samples were taken for light and electron microscopic examinations.Results The average response densities of P-wave at the first day detached retina after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were significantly longer than those at seventh and fourteenth days,respectively,and the latencies of N-wave and P-wave were significantly smaller than those in other groups. Both the light and electron microscopic examinations depicted morphological alterations in the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment eyes followed by reattachment surgery.Conclusion The results demonstrated that there is a negative correlation between the recovery of retinal cells function after reattachment surgery and the post-operation time after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.Multifocal eletroretinography may have significant value in evaluation of topical visual function of the retina.Histopathological examination may provide important evidence for explaination of the alterations of visual function.


Blackbird damage to sprouting rice can be locally severe and costs Louisiana growers an estimated $4 million/year and Texas growers $4.4 million/year. DRC-1339 blackbird baiting programs probably will continue until available alternative control techniques (i.e., repellents) become available. We conducted 3 studies to evaluate different rice baits and chemicals to improve efficacy ofDRC-1339 for use at staging areas. During the first study, individually caged red-winged blackbirds prefencd untreated medium grain brown rice over long grain brown rice, rough rice, or rough rice soaked with sodium bisulfite. Of birds offered only medium (control), long, rough, and rough rice soaked with sodium bisulfite treated with 2% DRC-1339 diluted 1:25 with untreated carrier (medium, long, or rough rice), 90 to 100% died within 48 hrs. During the second study, individually caged red-winged blackbirds prefencd untreated rice over rice treated with Harvest Guard or ethyl cellulose. Birds were offered only medium brown rice (control), Harvest Guard, or ethyl cellulose-treated medium brown rice treated with 2% DRC-1339 diluted 1 :25 with untreated medium grain brown rice. With the medium grain brown rice (field bait), 100% mortality was observed within 48 hrs. With the Harvest Guard and ethyl cellulose treatments, go% mortality was observed. The third study was an aviary test to detennine if aging the chemical baits (sodium bisul.fite, Harvest Guard, ethyl cellulose) for 3 days in Louisiana would affect mortality. Mortality with the fresh field and sodium bisulfite baits were 100%. We did not achieve ;:::80% mortality with either the fresh Harvest Guard or ethyl cellulose bail Mortality with the aged sodium bisulfite bait was 50%. None of the other aged baits produced >10% mortality. Degradation occurred with all the aged baits but occurred the least with the sodium bisulfite treatment Futme research will look at possibly combining sodium bisul.fite with UV protectors to further reduce the degradation of DRC-1339


Faggot cells are an uncommon finding in nonacute promyelocytic leukemia, even rarer when observed in mature granulocytic cells. Inv(16) should be dismissed when pre‐eosinophilic granulation and faggot neutrophils are observed.


Teacher talk is the primary linguistic input and teaching medium in the class and definitely makes great impact on the process of language acquisition.The present paper addresses the indirect speech acts implied in commands,criticisms,feedbacks and comments in the class of English teachers and aims to explore their immense pragmatic power.


Erich Fromm's scientific contributions were based on his theory of social character and the methods he developed to test it. Social character describes the deep-rooted emotional attitudes shared by people raised in the same culture. Family, schooling, work, and play shape the social character so that people want to do what they need to do to prosper economically and socially in a particular culture. Fromm's first study of German employees and workers before the rise of Hitler showed that despite subscribing to a democratic ideology the majority would support whoever gained power. The second study of Mexican peasant villagers provided statistically significant results demonstrating that social character explained both productivity and psychopathology. These findings were reinforced by subsequent studies. The nucleus of social character is the psychoanalytic character types discovered by Freud and modified by Fromm. This theory makes use of knowledge from economics, sociology, anthropology, and history. Maccoby has continued to show the relevance of the concept of social character in understanding leadership and motivation at work.


The molecular size of immunoreactive human growth hormone (IR-HGH) in serum and the relationship of IR-HGH to sulfation factor (SF) require further investigation. Sera obtained from normal volunteers, patients with Laron-type dwarfism, and hypopituitary patients with gigantism were fractionated on large columns of Sephadex. The IR-HGH in normal serum was found in a molecular size range similar to extracted pituitary HGH (epHGH), as well as in a larger and a smaller molecular size. Laron dwarf plasma had a similar molecular size IR-HGH distribution when compared with normal serum. Sera from hypopituitary patients with gigantism showed an increased relative amount of small IR-HGH compared with normal serum. SF activity was recovered in normal serum but not in other sera fractions. SF activity appeared mainly in the molecular size range less than 17 000 and another peak was noted in the molecular size area greater than 55 000.This study further supports the existence of IR-HGH in a large and a small molecula...


Audio description in a class of L2 Italian. A didactic experiment Audio description is an inter-semiotic translation process, converting visuals into spoken language. This translation practice is meant for visually impaired individuals and aims to increase their social inclusion and the availability of suitable media products, such as audio-described movies, for this specific audience. In this contribution, however, we will not focus on the social function of this translation practice, but will explore its potential in the field of foreign language didactics. We will present the results of a didactic experiment, carried out in a class of L2 Italian at Ghent University, in which the students were asked to write an audio description script. The main goal of this exploratory study is to test the validity of audio description as a didactic tool in a class of Italian as a foreign language and to identify the linguistic challenges that emerge for the students during a task of this kind. The results indicate that audio description is certainly a valid didactic tool for an L2 learning environment, since it promotes metalinguistic reflection and consequent awareness of various aspects of the used language, such as morpho-syntactic features (pronouns, prepositions, verbs), lexical aspects (encouraging precision and variety) and the (inter)cultural dimension.


Human skin propionibacteria have been shown to produce, in vitro , a wide range of inhibitory substances including bacteriocins, bacteriolytic enzymes, bacteriophages and low molecular weight metabolites (e.g. ammonia, propionic acid). Some or all of these substances may play a role in the ecology of cutaneous populations of micro-organisms and may be involved in maintaining the balance of the normal flora. There is no evidence to suggest that they deter or exclude other transient bacteria including pathogens. Similarly, evidence in support of the in vivo production of growth inhibitors by propionibacteria with activity against other skin micro-organisms is lacking (except for bacteriophage and propionic acid) so that their potential role in controlling cutaneous populations must be interpreted with caution.


Background Evidence shows that healthy diet, exercise, smoking interventions, and stress reduction reduce cardiovascular disease risk. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of these lifestyle interventions for individual risk profiles and determine their rank order in reducing 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk. Methods and Results We computed risks using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort Equations for a variety of individual profiles. Using published literature on risk factor reductions through diverse lifestyle interventions—group therapy for stopping smoking, Mediterranean diet, aerobic exercise (walking), and yoga—we calculated the risk reduction through each of these interventions to determine the strategy associated with the maximum benefit for each profile. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results. In the base‐case analysis, yoga was associated with the largest 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk reductions (maximum absolute reduction 16.7% for the highest‐risk individuals). Walking generally ranked second (max 11.4%), followed by Mediterranean diet (max 9.2%), and group therapy for smoking (max 1.6%). If the individual was a current smoker and successfully quit smoking (ie, achieved complete smoking cessation), then stopping smoking yielded the largest reduction. Probabilistic and 1‐way sensitivity analysis confirmed the demonstrated trend. Conclusions This study reports the comparative effectiveness of several forms of lifestyle modifications and found smoking cessation and yoga to be the most effective forms of cardiovascular disease prevention. Future research should focus on patient adherence to personalized therapies, cost‐effectiveness of these strategies, and the potential for enhanced benefit when interventions are performed simultaneously rather than as single measures.


out the basic points therein. The public itself is stratified by the degree ~ its knowledge. Some 25-30% know virtually nothing about judicial rulings. The remaining 70-75% constitute the Court's mass public: these people heed its most controversial decisionssegregation, school prayers. Nestled within the mass audience is a more attentive elite public, amounting to 30-35% of the total potential audience. These individuals take note of even the less notable decisions, such as defendants' rights. Knowledge of judicial rulings is monotonic; most respondents knowledgeable on the defendants' rights decisions (the attentive elite) also knew about prayer, while many who knew about prayer had no familiarity with defendants' rights (the mass public). Obversely, very few respondents were knowledgeable on defendants' rights while ignorant on prayer. By the same token, the public is also stratified by the richness of information in its perceptions of rulings. Most of the mass public is not sufficiently sophisticated to articulate details of the prayer decisions, let alone to bring out the constitutional reasoning underpinning the Court's decision. In contrast, the attentive public, the people able to reflect on the criminal procedure cases, could focus somewhat better on the details of that ruling. III. DIFFERENTIATION AND APPROVAL Differentiated perceptions of court rulings have been viewed as a possible outlet for cognitive dissonance.9 People in a quandary between their esteem for the Supreme Court and their disapproval of its acts might develop differentiated perceptions


The purpose of this master thesis was to develop a football referee paging flag system. A paging flag system is an appliance to facilitate the assessment of the game and to improve the communication between the referee and the assistant referees. The assistant referees are each equipped with a paging flag and the referee is equipped with a receiver, which vibrates when activated from a button push located on the flags. The system consists of two radio transmitters and a receiver implemented in two flags and one plastic box. Mode of procedure to build the system was to construct circuit boards through etching and then solder the components onto it. The essential parts of the system are the transmitter and receiver, together with the encoder and decoder. The operating frequency for the system was 433 MHz, which is an allowed band for amateur radio. Using the encoder and decoder it is possible to connect up to seven flags to one receiver due to a learn feature. These components also provide security encryption so that no outer sources of interference will interfere. Since the paging system already is being used in the highest divisions in Sweden and internationally, the aim was to examine how the system also could be used by referees in the lower divisions. A market survey was sent out to all of football referees in Skane (530 persons). The result of the study was that the price for the existing paging system was too high to be considered significant for referees in the lower divisions. The principal conclusion was to examine how economically efficient the development cost of the system would be, so that it would be considered an option by all referees. (Less)


Optical methods for droplet m attractive because they offer dyanmic on-chip structures; however, forces from tend to be in the pN range. We demonst of oil-in-water droplets on a focused lase Marangoni optofluidic tweezers (MOT) Marangoni flow generated by a laser-indu singularity at the oil-water interface. Th the flow aligns the droplet centroid to th point the flow becomes symmetric an droplet. MOT forces are several orde stronger (μN) than optical tweezers, ev manipulation of 20-1000 μm oil droplets mm/s. The flows within the droplet can mixing and particle collection within adjacent secondary vortices can merge self-alignment mechanism is suppo simulations, and experimental data.


Unmistakable in the crystal-clear brook, a school of black bream (sooty grunter) darts upstream as Steve Destro carefully steers his utility along a headland at the family cane farm on the banks of beautiful Babinda Creek.


Communication creates communities. Connectivity becomes the hallmark of the network society facilitated by digital technologies (Manuel Castells, 2000). As the population is constantly increasing and communities are expanding, we require modern, resilient, and sustainable cities. Cities are fundamentally communicative, being fast, well-connected, and global in outlook. Cities are also known for media concentration, as the structures and people there create, carry and exchange messages: social, political, economic, and cultural. Media technologies influence the future of cities. Media not only perform the responsibilities of information dissemination and community building but also facilitate urban governance and public discourse on policies. The policy-making process that consists of policy inputs, policy processes, and policy outputs is heavily influenced by the public discourse triggered by the media. Media establish a policy issue at the center of the public sphere, sets the policy agenda, and create public opinion. It inevitably leads to the mediatization of public policy. In this context, the proposed research paper intends to explore the following aspects: How do media facilitate the creation of communities and fulfill citizens' rights to communicate in cities? What are the gaps in the urban communication landscape, and how do we bridge them? How do media influence policy decisions in urban governance and ensure accountability? What are the prospects of media to promote Sustainable Development Goals in cities? How do they facilitate dialogue between the people, governments, civil societies, and other development agencies? How does technology contribute to strengthening the urban communication landscape?


Aims and Objectives: Tension band wiring after patellar fractures is associated to a high number of implant related complications (22-53%). Revision surgery is necessary in 10-55% of the patients with mostly unsatisfactory results. The patella plate is an alternative treatment with the advantages of a locked plating implant. Biomechanical studies have shown a significant higher stability compared to tension band wiring. Therefore an immediate full weight bearing after surgery is allowed with the prophylaxis of knee-stiffness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the first time clinical prospective results and complications of this new implant. Materials and Methods: Between April 2013 and May 2015 all patients that were treated with locked plating for patella fractures were included in this prospective study. Patients were examined after 6 weeks, 6 and 12 months. Information about patient satisfaction, pain situation and the functional result were collected. Additionally subjective scores (Tegner activity score, Lysholm-score, Kujala-score) were determined and compared to their value before trauma. Complications and revision surgeries were recorded and analysed. Results: 17 patients, 6 women and 11 men, with a mean age of 58 (19-87) years were included in this study. The range of motion of the injured knee was 120° after 6 weeks and improved to 138° after 6 months, corresponding to 84% and 97% of the range of motion of the healthy opposite knee. The Tegner activity scale increased from 2,5 to 3,5 (initial value: 4), the Lysholm score from 78 to 92 points (initial value: 97) and the Kujala score from 72 to 88 points (initial value: 96). Two complications occurred: one patient had a reactive bursitis praepatellaris and one patient sustained a loss of reduction. Another two patients had their implants removed. Patient satisfaction reached 94% after one year. Conclusion: Locked plating of patella fractures is a reliable alternative treatment with good functional outcomes, low complication rates and high patient satisfaction. Already 6 months after surgery the functional results and subjective scores reached results as before trauma. Furthermore the aftercare with immediate full-weight bearing and motion exercise improves quality of life through an early return to daily life.


16S rRNA gene sequence homology in combination with morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics was used as the tools for identification of the selected isolates from Shilajit samples designated EUS1, EUS2 and EUS3 which were collected from mountains of Baru Sahib, Sirmour district of Himachal Pradesh. The isolated strains were identified as B. subtilis, B. cereus,B. clausii and were deposited in GenBank with accession number KP126518, KP126519, and KP126520 respectively. Furthermore, t he present study was designed to analyze molecular modeling of proteins from Bacillus spp. (KP126518: BsNR, KP126519: BcRbr) and was carried out by subjecting to in silico analysis. Motif scan analysis revealed the presence of signature sequences that might be related to structure and enzymatic function. The 3D structure of Bacillus proteins were predicted by swiss-model server based on homology modeling method. The modeled structures were validated by various validation servers. Six probable active sites in B. subtilis (BsNR) and two in B. cereus (BcRbr) were predicted for target protein structure.


To the Editor. —These phenomena are recorded largely because I do not find any mention of them in the literature. At present I know of no clinical significance which they may have. When the bell stethoscope is placed over certain points of the face and head, breathing sounds are distinctly heard. These places are, first, the antrums; second, the temporal portion of the scalp; third, the vertex along the median line; fourth, just mediad to each mastoidand frequently over the mastoids themselves; fifth, at the junction of the occiput with the neck. In many cases the breathing sounds may be heard all over the head, in other cases only in the places mentioned. There is a marked difference in the loudness of the sound heard, and, as might be expected, they are best heard on the heads of persons who have but little hair. The quality of the sound is


The attachment of diatoms to surfaces is an important and poorly understood step in the development of biofouling communities. Experiments were performed in vitro on a common fouling diatom (Achnanthes longipes) to determine the influence of the base material and bacterial conditioning on diatom attachment. The first series of experiments compared attachment of A. longipes to four different base materials, and the influence of a bacterial film on attachment to these materials. A. longipes preferentially attached to polystyrene, a hydrophobic surface, but was inhibited by the presence of a bacterial biofilm. On other surfaces, bacteria either facilitated or had no effect on algal attachment. The second series of experiments found no difference in the attachment of A. longipes to a surface covered with bacterial exopolymer compared to a surface with a film of living bacteria. Attachment of A. longipes was found to vary depending on the conditions under which the bacterial film developed and the species of b...


The invention relates to an enzyme preparation which catalyzes the phosphorylation and/or dephosphorylation of a substrate other than adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or polyphosphate, wherein ADP is converted into adenosine monophosphate (AMP). In particular, the substrate is a sugar or a sugar derivative. The enzyme of the preparation is novel and is active at a temperature above 70 degree C. The enzyme can be prepared from hyperthermophilic microorganisms such as those of the genus Pyrococcus


Based on satellites' movement,a number of time slices are divided,during which the network topology can be taken as fixed.On this basis,considering multi-factors like stability,survivability and transmission efficiency and optimizing between them,a clustering algorithm in low earth orbit(LEO) satellite networks are proposed.Applying the algorithm to the Iridium model,simulation results showed that the performances on signaling overhead and scalability were much better than the case of flat network structure.


The Association of Energy Engineers (AEE) has offered energy efficiency training and certification programs for over 30 years. During that time AEE has certified more than 22,000 professionals. All of our certification programs are the result of extensive industry research and program development and oversight by certification boards. For this project award, AEE proposed to work with the Department of Energy to utilize and extend existing industry recognized Certified Energy Auditor (CEA) and Certified Building Commissioning Professional (CBCP) programs under this Training Program Development Announcement. These expanded training programs will have significant impact in training professionals for building commissioning and energy auditing to achieve the goal of bringing existing buildings up to their optimal energy performance potential and ensuring that new buildings maintain their expected optimal level of performance. The goals and objectives of the training development project were achieved with the development of new training programs that are now being offered as self-sustaining commercial training and certification programs. These new programs are training and certifying professionals who are accomplishing the goal of increasing building energy performance in both existing and new buildings.


Abstract: We study nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation of a log-concave density function f with a known mode m. We develop asymptotic theory for the mode-constrained estimator, including, consistency, global rates of convergence, and local rates of convergence both in neighborhoods of the specified mode and away from the known mode. In local neighborhoods of the specified mode the constrained and unconstrained estimators differ, but away from the specified mode the constrained and unconstrained estimators are asymptotically equivalent. Software to compute the mode-constrained estimator is available in the R package logcondens.mode. In a companion paper we use the mode-constrained MLE to develop a likelihood ratio test of the null hypothesis that the mode of f equals a specified valued m versus the alternative hypothesis that the mode of f differs from the specified valued m. We show that under the null hypothesis (and strict curvature of log f at the mode) the natural likelihood ratio statistic is asymptotically pivotal: that is, it converges in distribution to a limiting distribution which is free of nuisance parameters, thus playing the role of the χ1 distribution in classical parametric statistical problems. The test can be inverted to form confidence intervals.


:- Rural women are the key agents for achieving the transformational economic, environmental and social changes required for sustainable development. But limited access to credit, health care and education are among the many challenges they face, which are further aggravated by the global food and economic crises and climate change. Since the rural India is in its early stage of development then this paper has a great relevance showing the importance of rural women empowerment for the inclusive regional sustainable development. The paper deals with especially two components- one is district wise Female Work Participation Rate in Rural Rajasthan (FWPR) and HDI of that particular district. The district wise impact was calculated through one of the best statistical technique i.e. Regression Residual Method. Beyond data and calculations some other feature like the trends and triggers of empowerment, barriers in development, suggestions to remove barriers and to enhance rural women empowerment were also discussed here. As a result it was found that the launching agents in the empowerment of rural women are the capacity building and their potential enhancement.


Abstract The paper presents a cooperative control approach applied to an urban vehicle traffic system that is implemented through a set of communicating agents. The distributed controllers use fuzzy logic rules to get the control decisions. To improve the local control performances the agents send each other their contexts. Improving the control involves more terms in the fuzzy logic control rules. This has the effect of strongly increasing the number of rules. Hierarchical architectures are chosen to diminish the number of logic rules for different methods. To obtain the unknown fuzzy logic control rules the generic genetic approach is used. The control rule sets, the simulations results and their comparison are given for some cooperative methods.


This paper presents a millimeter-wave down-converter based on a modified six-port interferometric technique. The system developed for radar applications in miniature hybrid microstrip technology is implemented on a thin ceramic substrate. The circuit includes two quadratic detectors for power detection instead of four in conventional six-port systems. The demodulation of millimeter-wave signals by the proposed approach is experimentally demonstrated. In comparison with the six-port technique, the system reduces the circuit size, the cost and the power consumption.


A study on the feasibility of Reading Therapy service in medical college and university libraries is made by analyzing of features and functions about Reading Therapy and the student's psychological health situation.This paper puts forward some methods for Reading Therapy and problems to be solved on its implementation.


Organic–inorganic halide perovskites (HOIPs) are promising light-electric conversion materials for optoelectronic devices. Improving the light responsiveness properties of HOIPs is of great significance for the development of the optoelectronics industry. In this study, we have investigated the effect of pressure on the optoelectronics properties of the archetypical representative HOIPs methylammonium lead iodide nanoplates. An enhancement of the photocurrent accompanied by 4 times-prolonged carrier lifetime, enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensity, and narrowed bandgap were observed via applying pressure to about 0.36 GPa, while these physical properties got worse with further compression. Strikingly, when released to ambient conditions, the photocurrent is further increased to 4.5 times and the carrier lifetime is prolonged to 1.5 times of the corresponding values for an initial sample, while the bandgap slightly blueshifted and the PL intensity slightly reduced. These results suggest that the increased photocurrent may be related to the increased carrier lifetime of the quenched sample, which gives more time for the separation of photoelectrons from vacancies before recombination. This study demonstrated that pressure engineering can be a real possibility for improving the light responsiveness of the HOIPs material in practical applications.


With the rapid development of the Internet, wechat is more and more widely used. For example, wechat marketing is used in pharmaceutical industry. The use of wechat-commerce is an important tool for marketing electricity supplier development. Currently there are more and more pharmaceutical companies to seize this opportunity to enhance the promotion of the marketing process. However, there are still many questions worth consideration in the development of pharmaceutical wechat marketing.


The shortest path problem is common in computer science and has wide application in life. The shortest path algorithm is designed to solve these problems and the most classic and useful one is Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm which Dijkstra introduced in 1959. This paper presents and analyzes normal shortest path problems starting from the explanation of graphs and how they are divided into their practical examples. Common shortest path algorithms are also explained including their basic mechanism. Focusing on Dijkstra's algorithm, the paper analyzes its specific process and mechanism in a detailed way. Plus, the paper also analyzes the possibility of usage of Dijkstra' algorithm on public transit and roads. Considering the characteristic of bus transportation in Walnut, the paper concluded that Dijkstra's Algorithm can be used on Walnut bus transportation and set up a list of preconditions for the system to succeed. Based on the above work, a bus query system is implemented for the City of Walnut. "Walnut Bus Transportation Query System" serves as a reference to help residents choose the shortest road from the starting bus station to the ending bus station, thus saving time for the user.


Facial expression classification is a kind of image classification and it has received much attention, in recent years. There are many approaches to solve these problems with aiming to increase efficient classification. One of famous suggestions is described as first step, project image to different spaces; second step, in each of these spaces, images are classified into responsive class and the last step, combine the above classified results into the final result. The advantages of this approach are to reflect fulfill and multiform of image classified. In this paper, we use 2D-PCA and its variants to project the pattern or image into different spaces with different grouping strategies. Then we develop a model which combines many Neural Networks applied for the last step. This model evaluates the reliability of each space and gives the final classification conclusion. Our model links many Neural Networks together, so we call it Multi Artificial Neural Network (MANN). We apply our proposal model for 6 basic facial expressions on JAFFE database consisting 213 images posed by 10 Japanese female models.


Background: Soccer coaching staffs may have difficulties in classifying properly the load accomplished during training sessions and understanding how players rate the effort and the training load during the micro-cycles. Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate if the features and duration of training tasks can automatically classify the different weekly training sessions into different clusters, and to describe and compare the features and duration of training tasks, rating of perceived exertion and training load from the different training sessions across both classifications (prescribed by staff per day vs. automatically per cluster). Methods: Eighteen elite youth male soccer players reported their rating of perceived exertion 10 min after each practice during twelve micro-cycles. In each micro-cycle, differentiated management of the task characteristics for each training day was implemented. A Random Forest Clustering was used to automatically assign each training session to one cluster and allowed to create similar groups and contrast them with the sessions prescribed by the coaching staff. Results: Proper manipulation of different variables of small-sided games (number of players, relative playing area per player, game orientation, training regimen) can automatically differentiate training sessions. Youth soccer players can also perceive each training session differently ( p < .05). Conclusions: Using different formats of small-sided games in each training session may be interesting to modulate the player's perceived load during the micro-cycle. However, results should be interpreted with caution, due to representing a single team and coaching staff.


This chapter focuses on labor migration from the neighboring countries of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, and to a lesser extent Tajikistan. After Russia, Kazakhstan has the second-largest intake of migrants from Central Asia. Attracted by its economic dynamism, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, and Tajik migrants are continuing to grow in number. They are distributed geographically according to their professions, and are very diverse in terms of their social backgrounds and professional qualifications. As Kazakhstan seeks to position itself as a regional leader for the whole of Central Asia, it is aware that its migratory appeal works in its favor. The Kazakh authorities were not able to formulate adequate legislation, oscillating between taking a more liberal approach to migration and protecting the national employment market. Migrants' rights and protection have therefore to be framed by domestic legislative bodies, and by bilateral agreements with supplying countries, as well as with Russia, at the regional level. Keywords:Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; labor migration; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan


Abstract This paper reports the results obtained in an activated sludge pilot plant: 10 mg/l of Cu (2+) or 10 mg/l of Cr (3+) were added to the wastewater feed at the same time that different amounts of sepiolita were introduced into the aeration tank of the biological unit. The system behaviour was focussed through the evolution COD removal efficiency and the metal concentration, both in the effluent and in the activated sludge. The operation conditions used were fixed for the highest COD removal efficiency of system obtained without both, metal and sepiolita, therefore it was operated with mean‐cell residence time incluided within 7 and 13 days. The results obtained show that the sepiolita addition even in small quantities allows to keep and, in same cases, to improve the system efficiency related to the organic matter and metal removal.


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Workplace safety has been historically neglected by organizations in order to enhance profitability. Over the past 30 years, safety concerns and attention to safety have increased due to a series of disastrous events occurring across many different industries (e.g., Chernobyl, Upper Big-Branch Mine, Davis-Besse etc.). Many organizations have focused on promoting a healthy safety culture as a way to understand past incidents, and to prevent future disasters. There is an extensive academic literature devoted to safety culture, and the Department of Energy has also published a significant number of documents related to safety culture. The purpose of the current endeavor was to conduct a review of the safety culture literature in order to understand definitions, methodologies, models, and successful interventions for improving safety culture. After reviewing the literature, we observed four emerging themes. First, it was apparent that although safety culture is a valuable construct, it has some inherent weaknesses. For example, there is no common definition of safety culture and no standard way for assessing the construct. Second, it is apparent that researchers know how to measure particular components of safety culture, with specific focus on individual and organizational factors. Such existing methodologies can be leveraged for future assessments. Third, based on the published literature, the relationship between safety culture and performance is tenuous at best. There are few empirical studies that examine the relationship between safety culture and safety performance metrics. Further, most of these studies do not include a description of the implementation of interventions to improve safety culture, or do not measure the effect of these interventions on safety culture or performance. Fourth, safety culture is best viewed as a dynamic, multi-faceted overall system composed of individual, engineered and organizational models. By addressing all three components of safety culture, organizations have a better chance of understanding, evaluating, and making positive changes towards safety within their own organization.


A Comparison of Balance and Postural Stability Assessment Tools: BESS Versus NeuroCom Balance Manager by Jamie Jolliffe, Master of Science Utah State University 2012 Major Professor: Dr. Dennis Dolny Department: Health, Physical Education and Recreation Postural stability assessment tools are one of the many ways concussions can be assessed and return to play decisions can be made; two of which are the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and force plate technology. OBJECTIVE: Validate the modified BESS used by Utah State University by comparing it to equivalent tests on the NeuroCom Balance Manager System. METHODS: 114 current or previous Utah State football players ranging in age from 18-24. Each athlete conducted a baseline BESS test during their pre-participation physical and NeuroCom testing was conducted during the summer of 2011. NeuroCom testing included a modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB) both on a firm and foam surface, a single leg stance test with eyes open and closed on both a firm and foam surface, and a tandem walk test where end sway was recorded. BESS testing was done depending on when the athlete arrived at Utah State. Correlations were reported for athletes that arrived for the current year ii and also for the athletes that arrived for any year prior to that. A Welch's T-Test was conducted to analyze any differences between the two groups. The tandem stance on the foam condition for the BESS had a statistically significant difference, so that variable was excluded and the adjusted correlations were then reported. There were eight correlation conditions that were determined by the individuals who could and could not complete the entire time on the single leg stance with eyes closed on a firm as well as a foam surface. RESULTS: The only variable associated with the NeuroCom Balance Manager that had consistent correlations with the composite BESS score was the CTSIB foam condition; with a 0.28 correlation with individuals regardless of single leg stance with eyes closed, 0.39 with individuals who completed the whole time on the firm without consideration for the foam, 0.27 with individuals who did not complete the whole time on the foam without consideration for the firm and 0.39 with individuals who could complete the whole time on the firm but not on the foam. CONCLUSION: There appears to be some correlation with CTSIB foam conditions and the composite BESS. iii PUBLIC ABSTRACT A Comparison of Balance and Postural Stability Assessment Tools: BESS Versus NeuroCom Balance Manager by Jamie Jolliffe, Master of Science Utah State University 2012 Major Professor: Dr. Dennis Dolny Department: Health, Physical Education and Recreation The BESS and the NeuroCom Balance Manager are two tests used to assess concussions. Utah State University uses a modified version of the BESS and this study looks at the correlations of this modified test to that of a more objective tool, the NeuroCom Balance Manager. Both testing tools were administered to 114 Utah State University football players. A Pearson product-moment correlation was used to observe the correlations between the two tests. The correlations reported that the overall score of the modified BESS was correlated to one stance (double leg stance on foam) of one of the tests administered on the NeuroCom Balance Manager. Further studies are needed to further look at this finding as well as to find possible correlations with other NeuroCom tests. Jamie Jolliffe, ATC/LAT IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my committee members, Dr. Demus Dolny, Dr. Trek Lyons, and Lori Olsen, DPT, for all the time and effort they put in to helping me; Adam Raikes for all his help and support; and everyone else who helped collect data. I would also like to thank everyone who has continued to support me throughout my time at Utah State. I could not have done this without all of you! Jamie Jolliffe, ATC/LAT V vi CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ........................................................................................... .ii PUBLIC ABSTRACT .............................................................................. .iv ACKN"OWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................... x CHAPTER


In the present world, with the recent advances in the globalization of trade and economic activity, research on the logistics issue should be approached from more global or international viewpoints, to achieve sustainable economic development [...]


The structure of the neutron-rich nucleus Ar has been investigated through the d(Ar,Ar)p transfer reaction. The radioactive beam of Ar at 10A ·MeV was provided by the SPIRAL facility at GANIL. The protons corresponding to a neutron pick-up on bound or unbound states mechanism in Ar nuclei were detected at backward angles by the position-sensitive Si array-detector MUST. The transferlike ejectiles were detected in the SPEG spectrometer. Level scheme, spin assignments and spectroscopic factors have been deduced for Ar and compared to shell model predictions. They suggest a slight erosion of the N = 28 shell gap from the weakening of the spin-orbit interaction arising from the f and p orbitals. These spectroscopic information are subsequently used to infer (n, γ) reaction rates in the Ar isotopic chain to understand the origin of the Ca/Ca abnormal isotopic ratio observed in certain inclusions of


The search for aesthetics of the smile has become commonplace in the dental offices and with this the patients are increasingly demanding with the dental treatments. The smile is a popular facial expression and is not only fundamental in the perception of the influence of the face, but also related to the satisfaction of several psychological characteristics of individuals. To have an attractive smile appearance it is necessary to have a natural harmony of the face. A young attractive smile is defined by the length of the central incisors also referred to as "gull smile." This article aims to report a clinical case of smile aesthetic rehabilitation through orthodontic treatment, with emphasis on aesthetic diagnosis and planning .This way we can reestablish aesthetic standards leaving the smile harmonious and jovial. Descriptors: Incisal Exposure, Smile, Aesthetics, Smile Arc, Orthodontics.


Cowpea is one of the most important legume crops planted worldwide, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Despite decades of effort, genetic engineering of cowpea is still challenging due to inefficient in vitro shoot regeneration, Agrobacterium-mediated T-DNA delivery and transgenic selection. Here, we report a rapid and highly efficient cowpea transformation system using embryonic axis explants isolated from imbibed mature seeds. We found that removal of the shoot apical meristem by cutting through the middle of the epicotyl stimulated direct multiple shoot organogenesis from the cotyledonary node tissue. Furthermore, the application of a ternary transformation vector system using an optimized pVIR accessory plasmid provided high levels of Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery. The utilization of spectinomycin as the selection agent enabled more efficient transgenic selection and plant recovery. Transgenic cowpea shoots developed exclusively from the cotyledonary nodes at high frequencies of 4.5 to 37% across a wide range of cowpea genotypes. We believe that the transformation principles established in this study could also be applied to other legumes to increase transformation efficiencies.


Investigations of soil enzyme activities and microbial community functional diversity were conducted in soil from the fields under a long-term fertilization experiment in the Ecological Experimental Station of Red Soil,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Results show that soil enzyme activities and microbial community functional diversity varied sharply between treatments under different fertilization pattern or rate.Soil urease and dehydrogense activities could be cited as a comprehensive index of soil fertility.After 20 years′ fertilizer application in the field under a double paddy-rice cropping system,activity and biomass of soil enzymes increased significantly,while microbial community diversity decreased as shown by BIOLOG~(TM) results.Microbial biomass and community functional diversity were higher in P treatments than in no-P ones.Microbial community uniformity was higher in straw-incorporation treatments than in no-straw ones.


To observe the dynamic changes in liver of rats infected with Parumogonimus skrjabini, 19 rats were randomly divided into two groups, in which 11 were in experimental group and 8 in control group, and the former group of rats were each injected abdominally with metacercariae of P.skrjabini. The serum levels of total proteins, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of rats after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of infection were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer in these two groups of rats. Data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 statistic software. It was found that the serum levels of albumin in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group after 4, 6 and 8 weeks of infection, but the serum levels of globulin, ALT and AST in the experimental group were markedly increased after 6 and 8 weeks of infection. There had no obvious changes in serum total globulin during the whole course of infection, and these changes were not significant in the first 2 weeks after infection . It indicates that the infection by P.skrjabini can induce damages of the liver functions in the infected rats, and thus the reduction of albumin and elevation of globulin appear to serve as a diagnostic indices for the P.skrjabini infection.


The Northwest Pacific area, comprising the Kamchatka peninsula, is a distinctive area where a series of on going geodynamical processes like: plate rejuvenation from a mantle plume impact, slab detachment, slab edge melting and exotic volcanism, take place. With the help of finite element modeling we infer the thermal structure across Kamchatka in a series of 2D profiles normal to the trench. We chose the location at these profiles based on seismicity, geochemical variation and offshore heat flow measurements. Assuming that the transition from brittle to ductile behavior inside the subducting slab corresponds to the 650°C isotherm, our thermal models predict a good fit with maximum depth of seismicity (∼500 km) for southern Kamchatka only if the exothermic olivine-spinel phase transition is introduced. In the central part of Kamchatka, a good fit is obtained if the hot mantle plume, located just beneath Meiji Guyot seamount, thermally rejuvenates the subducting Pacific plate. Further to the north, the seismicity shallows more (200-100 km) and slab rejuvenation alone cannot provide a thermal structure with a good fit with seismically active subducting slab. A good explanation for such shallow seismicity might be the slab detachment due to cessation of subduction just north of Kamchatka-Aleutians junction. The thermal structure beneath the northernmost active volcano in Kamchatka, Scheveluch, which exhibits a strong adakitic signature, shows that slab edge exposure to the hotter asthenosphere creates the favorable conditions for oceanic crust melting at ∼70 km depth, just beneath Scheveluch. Our numerical models show that plate rejuvenation from a mantle plume, slab edge exposure to hot upper mantle and probably slab detachment play an essential role in subduction slabs thermal structure, seismicity down-dip extension and geochemical variations of lavas in Kamchatka.


Short title: agreement in ultrasound assessment of ovarian masses Stiftelse för bekämpande av cancer (the Malmö General Hospital Foundation for fighting against cancer); Landstingsfinansierad regional forskning and ALF-medel (i.e., two Swedish governmental grants from the region of Scania); Funds administered by Skåne University Hospital. Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Conflict of interest statement Both authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest The word count excluding abstract (250 words) and references: 3688 Total number of figures: 1 to publish and 5 as supplemental material Total number of tables: 5 to publish and 3 as supplemental material Research. Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. The International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) group has developed two logistic regression models (LR1 and LR2) including clinical and ultrasound variables for calculation of the risk of malignancy in adnexal masses. It has been suggested that LR1 and LR 2 can be used to counsel patients about their individual risk of malignancy and so may have a role in personalized medicine. In this work we found large inter-observer differences (> 25 percentage units) in the calculated risk of malignancy in about 10% of cases. The differences were explained by ultrasound examiners interpreting ultrasound images differently. We suggest measures to improve inter-observer agreement. Until better inter-observer agreement in the calculated risk of malignancy using LR1 and LR2 has been shown one should be cautious with using the risk estimate for individual patient counselling. Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. agreement in ultrasound assessment of ovarian masses 1 1 Abstract Purpose To estimate inter-observer agreement with regard to describing adnexal masses using the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) terminology and the risk of malignancy calculated using IOTA logistic regression models LR1 and LR2, and to elucidate what explained the largest inter-observer differences in calculated risk of malignancy. Experimental design 117 women with adnexal masses were examined with transvaginal gray scale and power Doppler ultrasound by two independent experienced sonologists who described the masses using IOTA terminology. The risk of malignancy was calculated using LR1 and LR2. A predetermined risk of malignancy cutoff of 10% indicated malignancy. Results There were 94 benign, four borderline and 19 invasively malignant tumors. There was substantial variability between the two sonologists in …


We give a simple proof of the uniqueness of de Sitter and Schwarzschildde-Sitter spacetime without assuming extra conditions on the conformal boundary at infinity. Such spacetimes are the only solutions in the static class satisfying Einstein equations 4 Rαβ = Λ 4 gαβ, where the cosmological constant Λ is positive under appropriate boundary conditions. In the absence of black holes, that is, when the event horizon has only one component the unique solution is de Sitter solution. In the presence of a black hole we get Schwarzschild-de-Sitter spacetime. The problem has important relevance in differential geometry.


A method for quasi-static analysis of a layered viscoelastic system with transient temperatures is presented. First, the response, displacements and stresses of the system to the unit step load with a constant temperature is obtained from the corresponding elastic solution. The response to a transient load is then obtained through a linear superposition integral using the unit response as the kernel function. The effects of spatially homogeneous, transient temperature on the mechanical response of the system are taken into account through the time-temperature superposition principle. The method is not based on the Laplace transform-based correspondence principle and no transform-inversion process is required. An illustration of the method is presented through an analysis of the stresses and the displacements in a three-layer, elastic-viscoelastic composite half-space subjected to a distributed surface load under different temperature conditions.


We offer a systematic evaluation of the literature on the memorability of supernatural concepts (e.g., gods, ghosts, souls), itself part of a growing body of work in the newly-emerging cognitive science of religion (Barrett, 2000). Specifically, we focus on Boyer's (1994, 2000, 2001) pioneering Minimally Counterintuitive (MCI) hypothesis according to which supernatural concepts tap a cognitively privilegedmemory-enhancing mechanism linked to violations of default intuitive inferences. Our assessment reveals that the literature on the MCI hypothesis is mired in empirical contradictions and methodological shortcomings which makes it difficult to assess the validity of competing theoretical models, including the MCI hypothesis itself. In light of this fractured picture, we propose a novel and independently motivated account of the memorability of supernatural concepts. This new account is flexible enough to make sense of the heterogenous set of empirical findings in the literature and precise enough to make clear empirical predictions that differ from those of other accounts, including the MCI hypothesis. We conclude with a setof theoretical and methodological prescriptions designed to guide future research on the memorability of supernatural concepts.


The technical environment of a radiology department can cause anxiety for a child. The big machine, the narrow, hard bed, confined space, hammering noises, flashing lights, the sight of the needle ...


Abstract-As people are getting smarter so are the things. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of connecting mechanical and digital machines, animals or people with interrelated computing devices to provide an ability to collect process and transfer data over a network without requiring human interaction. While the thought comes up for smart cities there is a requirement for smart agriculture. As an example, this project presents a Smart weighing system which can be used for agriculture automation. The idea of Smart weighing system is for the farmer where they can weight their goods by placing it in crate. The Smart weighing system thus thought is an improvement of normal weighing machine by elevating it to be smart using sensors and logics. Smart weighing machine is a new idea of implementation which makes a normal weighing machine smart using sensors for weighing goods and sending message to keep track of the container using GSM modem.


The development of information technology requires that the properties of data storage devices should be ultrahigh in density and access rate Most of the ultrahigh density information technologies are realized on the film media The properties of the films depend not only on the materials of the storage media but also on the fabrication methods of the films.The research progress in this field is reviewed from the viewpoint of fabrication of storage media films.


Traffic analysis is still a challenging task. During such task there are many pitfalls to be aware of. Such as small image resolution, high number of overlapping objects, angle of camera, blurred objects due to their motion or weather conditions. This paper addresses the issue of counting vehicles instances in images and videos. Remarkable results and state-of-the-art methods are defined by convolutional neural networks. There are many approaches to address the issue of counting objects in images. One of which is counting by regression, which is the aim of this paper. I propose an architecture which is inspired by some state-of-the-art models. The proposed model improves accuracy on various datasets. For instance on the very small PUCPR+ dataset the Root Mean Square Error between expected and predicted vehicle counts was reduced from 34.46 to 8.84 vehicles (measured on the test set).


The article is devoted to clarifying the contribution that Kosta Khetagurov made to the development of Ossetian public consciousness, taking into account its special religiosity. For the first time, the religious aspect of Kosta Khetagurov's creative heritage is considered from a functional point of view, in direct connection with the transitional period through which Ossetian society passed at the junction of epochs. The ideologeme of sacrifice, which he put on the public agenda as a spiritual and moral imperative, turns out to be the ideological basis that allowed two spiritual traditions to be brought to a common denominator. It is possible to discover a plot in which it is declared as a moral maxim, central to his entire work. He puts this ideology in a form that is directly correlated with the cattle-breeding lifestyle characteristic of the way Ossetians live in the mountains and are well known to each of them. At the same time, the image of the shepherd as a spiritual shepherd turns out to be quite organic for the Christian doctrine, in which sacrifice also appears as one of the cornerstones. By bringing two spiritual traditions to a common denominator, Kosta Khetagurov removes potential contradictions, organically bringing together the past and the future, specific and universal, locally limited and having no boundaries. This opens up an opportunity to study the social consciousness of that era not only from a new angle, but also comprehensively and systematically.


The University of Maryland implemented a new general education program for all incoming freshmen in fall 2012. This new general education program was designed with input from the college of engineering and had requirements for courses to be taught by engineering faculty for the broader campus community. For the past 25 years, the college of engineering had minimal participation in the previous general education program at the University. One unique requirement in this new general education program is the I-Series courses, a novel set of required courses designed to address important intellectual issues. The development of the I-Series courses, enrollment growth and initial learning assessment will be reviewed. Introduction A full redesign of the General Education (GenEd) program at the University of Maryland (UMD) was started in 2009 with the implementation of the new program beginning with the entering freshman class in fall 2012. The A. James Clark School of Engineering at UMD now plays a significant role in GenEd and offers courses in a number of areas in the program, a significant departure from the previous general education program that had been in place for more than 25 years and where the engineering college had played only a very minor role. When the University embarked on a redesign of the GenEd program, Provost Nariman Favardin and Associate Provost and Dean for Undergraduate Studies, Donna Hamilton recognized the need for all students to be exposed to the intellectual synthesis that occurs in applied disciplines [1-3]. As stated by the Committee on Public Understanding of Engineering Messages of the National Academy of Engineering: "To be capable, confident participants in our technology-dependent society, citizens must know something about how engineering and science, among other factors, lead to new technologies." [1]. This lead to an expectation that the new GenEd program at UMD would include engineering as an equal partner in planning and implementation along with the rest of the university. The A. James Clark School of Engineering at UMD now participates actively in the I-Series, Scholarship in Practice, Natural Sciences and Diversity components of the GenEd program. The I-Series courses are a signature component of GenEd at UMD. The I-Series program covers all disciplines at the university and all undergraduate students are required to complete at least two I-Series courses as part of their degree program. The "I" in I-Series comes from the charge that the courses should: speak to important issues that spark the imagination, demand intellect, inspiration, and innovation and conclude where feasible with real-world implementation [4]. Later in this paper, two examples of engineering I-Series courses that count towards the Natural Sciences requirement in GenEd will be discussed. The I-Series courses have been profiled in the Chronicle of Higher Education when they were first being rolled out across the university [5]. For the other GenEd components where the engineering college participates, the Scholarship in Practice requirement is two courses where students have the opportunity to experience the authentic work of a discipline with faculty engaging students in the processes of their work to transfer knowledge in a tangible form and the Diversity requirement where students take 2 courses covering the areas of Understanding Plural Societies and Cultural Competence [4]. The I-Series courses arose from a previous set of courses started at UMD in 2007 called the Marquee Courses in Science and Technology. The success of the Marquee courses eventually led to the formation of the I-Series program and expansion of the program to include all disciplines. The creation of Marquee course program was due to the realization of the following issues: Many students majoring in non-science/non-engineering disciplines enroll at UMD with sufficient AP or IB credits to place out of all campus requirements in science/technology. This was resulting in a significant number of students at the university never taking a science or engineering related class during their entire undergraduate education. There was a need for science/engineering courses that non-majors want to take on topics of broad interest. These should not be taught as traditional introductory courses for majors but as unique stand-alone courses that expose students to a major problem or question that can be addressed through the underlying discipline. The University expects all students to be technologically literate so as future leaders they have the ability to understand and make decisions that involve technological solutions. These concepts relate closely to the nine goals outlined by DeBoer for the teaching of science and technology in his review paper in 2000, particularly the following 5 of the 9 goals: 1. Teaching and Learning About Science as a Cultural Force in the Modern World, 3. Teaching and Learning About Science That Has Direct Application to Everyday Living, 4. Teaching Students to be Informed Citizens, 8. Preparing Citizens Who are Sympathetic to Science, and 9. Understanding the Nature and Importance of Technology and the Relationship Between Technology and Science [6]. The Marquee courses were successful, reaching 200 students per year at the start of the program and growing to 400-500 students across seven courses after three years. The courses were capped at 80 students per course and often had a waiting list indicating unmet demand from students. Faculty engagement was engendered through "teaching exchange" meetings three times per semester to discuss issues with running group projects, student teaming, peer evaluation and other topics of mutual interest. Assessment of student performance was discussed but proved difficult due to the breadth of the courses in the project spanning engineering, physics, entomology, atmospheric science, agricultural science and geology. This was revisited when the I-Series courses were developed (see Tables 1 and 2). The model of the Marquee courses was presented to the faculty board charged with developing the new GenEd model at UMD and the ideas were incorporated and became the I-Series program and the concepts were expanded to include all fields of study at the University. As the GenEd program was rolled out the engineering college offered about 500 on-campus seats per year across I-Series and Scholarship and Practice courses and an additional 1000 seats in online courses. As inclusion of on-line and flipped classroom teaching are becoming a standard part of course offerings at UMD, the engineering college has seen a steady increase in enrollment in these classes each year. More than 600 standard classroom seats and almost 4000 on-line seats were offered by the engineering college for non-majors for the 2016-2017 academic year (see figure 1). The I-Series courses offered by engineering over the past 5 years include the following [7]: – Managing Natural Disasters: Hurricanes, Floods Earthquakes Tornadoes, Tsunamis, and Fires. – Engineering in the Developing World – Transportation Innovation: Planes, Trains, and Automobiles and their Role in the Advance of Science – The Future of Technology: Sustainable Development or Sensational Disaster? – Engineering and Modern Medicine – Technology Choices – Engineering and Modern Medicine: The Body as a Machine – Entrepreneurial Opportunity: Analysis and Decision-Making in 21st Century Ventures – Materials of Civilization – Bigger Faster, Better: The Quests for Absolute Technology – Building Projects that Last: Failure is not an Option All I-Series courses for the University are approved by a faculty board that meets twice per semester to review new course proposals. In general for I-Series courses in the area of engineering/science (which meet the Natural Sciences or Scholarship and Practice requirements of the UMD GenEd program) the philosophy has been to teach the topic in the form of "education through science", rather than "science through education" [8]. This has led the faculty board to encourage courses that use interactive learning, group work and engagement through project based learning with content presented to meet the needs of the projects and group work and at least part of the of student assessment done using interactive and dynamic methods rather than standard testing. This follows the findings of Quellmalz et al. who examined the assessment of student science learning using three styles: static (traditional learning and assessment), active (dynamic presentation of material in the form of animations, video, etc.) and interactive (dynamic presentation of material with feedback based on student input) and observed that interactive assessment was more effective at evaluating student learning [9]. A set of course assessment rubrics have been developed for all GenEd required courses by the faculty review boards, example rubrics are shown in Table 2 for the I-Series, Scholarship in Practice and Diversity courses. Formal course assessment began in the spring 2016 semester using these rubrics, although on a limited scale. Two Example I-Series Courses Materials of Civilization – ENMA150 Materials of Civilization is a general introductory course on materials science taught at the 100 level and designed primarily for non-science or non-engineering majors [7]. The course introduces the role of materials in advancing technology from ancient times with the stone, copper, bronze and iron ages and continues through the development of advanced materials in the modern age. Students gain hands on experience with unusual materials with two take-home "materials projects" on shape memory metals and super absorbent polymers and followed by a project on the mechanical properties of aluminum, cast iron and polyethylene. In all cases a 3-4 page write up is required of the students on the materials with connections made to applications through the patent literature. The co


Abstract : In another document it was pointed out first that the second type of telecontrol has much in common with homing, and, second, that it is used much more infrequently than homing, or the first type of telecontrol. Therefore, in the interests of brevity, this chapter will consider only the first type of telecontrol (TU-1). There is a much closer association between system range and system accuracy in the first type of telecontrol than in the case of homing. In the case of TU-1, the range of a control system is determined, practically speaking, by the range of the target monitoring channel. The maximum range of the target monitoring channel is limited by the need to provide the required values for the following indices of control system quality: dependability of locking on to the target (lock-on probability), dependability of holding the target (slight probability of interruption in target tracking), and accuracy in guiding the missile to the target.


A survey of the preparation of semiconductor nanocrystal-ceramic nanocomposite materials and related nanostructured materials is provided. Nanocomposite materials described here contain elemental semiconductors (Si and Ge), II–VI and IV–VI semiconductors (ZnE, CdE, and PbE where E = S, Se, Te), and III–V semiconductors (GaE, AlE, and InE where E = N, P, As) embedded in various ceramic matrices. Semiconductor nanocrystals and nanoparticles were prepared using a variety of physical, chemical, and electrochemical synthesis strategies. Sol-gel processing, and single- or multiple-source precursors were used to prepare semiconductor nanoparticles with diameters as small as 2–4 nm or as large as 50–200 nm. Formation of the semiconductor nanophase was carried out by reduction of mixed-metal oxides, pyrolysis of well-characterized precursor molecules or in situ generated precursor complexes, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and electrochemical reduction.

Keywords:

sol-gel;
nanocomposite;
nanocrystals;
II/VI semiconductor;
III/V semiconductor;
Si;
Ge;
single-source molecular precursor


Ice accretion on an aircraft affects the aerodynamic performance of the wings by disrupting the airflow, increasing drag, and altering its flight characteristics, leading to a main or tail wing-stall and altimetry to aircraft loss. The current generation of ice-detection systems relies on environmental parameters to determine icing conditions, with the sensors usually located on the nose of the aircraft, giving no information on the ice accreted on the wings. This work focuses on modeling and developing a fiber-optic-array ice sensor, which illuminates and detects the reflected and scattered light directly from the ice surface and volume, and measures the accretion rate and type of ice on the wings. The ice morphology is influenced by the rate of freezing of the super-cooled droplets impacting the wings, and partially or totally trapping the dissolved gasses. This leads to the formation of rugged surfaces and ice shapes, which can be transparent or opaque, a process which is dependent on the local Freezing Fraction (FF) of the impinging super cooled water. The detection method relies on the optical characteristics of ice, affected by density and the size of micro-cracks and micro-bubbles formed during freezing. By using high Numerical Aperture (NA) fibers, it was possible to accurately measure the ice thickness, and to investigate a proof-of-concept experiment, correlating the optical diffusion to the FF of the ice on a wing.