In order to contribute to food security and the motivation of small vegetable producers in the department of Sucre (Colombia), this trial was implemented under the premise that calcium in the soil contributes to plants with cell walls that are much more resistant to fungal attack and thereby decreases the onset of diseases. Based on the above, this trial was established in tomato culture, in which five (5) doses of calcium (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 ton.ha-1) and three repetitions in a completely design were established random. A commercial product containing 37% CaO and 5.3% MgO was used as a source of calcium. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different doses of calcium on the yield components of the Chonto tomato crop in semi-controlled conditions in Sucre - Colombian Caribbean. The soil was acidic and low nutritional offer. A completely randomized design with three repetitions was used. The information was stored in Excel tables and processed with the statistical program SAS 9.0, analysis of variance and regression. It was found that doses 2 and 3 ton.ha-1 favored the growth of tomato plants, increasing fruit dimensions, fruit weight and yield and the models that explain these trends are linear.


Tuberculosis is the most ancient and resistant entity in the world of microbes that holds significant attention due to its substantial organ association. A lot has been done in diagnosing it and much is desired to isolate and enfold it in order to eradicate it especially from the third world countries. Presenting as a pulmonary inhabitant, it translocates itself in every organ causing significant morbidity and mortality. Recently, advances have been made in the field of molecular diagnostics to markedly improve the accuracy and point-in-time diagnosis. In addition, more promising methods are under development to further optimize the diagnosis.


Objective To develop an HPLC method for the determination of plasma concentrations of Lansoprazole enteric-coated tablets.Methods HPLC was adopted.Hypersil ODS(250 mm×4.6 mm 5 μm) was used,with column temperature at 40℃.The mobile phase was water∶ acetonitrile∶ n-octyl amine(620∶ 380∶ 1 v/v).The flow rate was 1.2 ml·min-1 and detection wavelength was 285 nm.Results Within the range between 0.05 and 2.00 mg·L-1,there was a good linear relationship(r=0.999 8).The average recovery was 99.48%,and RSD was 4.50%.Conclusion The method is simple,accurate,stable and can be applied to determine plasma concentrations of lansoprazole enteric-coated tablets.


In this letter, we report on the high frequency (239.2 and 336 GHz) electron spin resonance (ESR) studies performed on graphene quantum dots (GQDs), prepared through a wet chemistry route from three types of coal: (a) bituminous, (b) anthracite, and (c) coke; and from non-coal derived GQDs. The microwave frequency-, power-, and temperature-dependent ESR spectra coupled with computer-aided simulations reveal four distinct magnetic defect centers. In bituminous- and anthracite-derived GQDs, we have identified two of them as intrinsic carbon-centered magnetic defect centers (a broad signal of peak to peak width = 697 (10−4 T), g = 2.0023; and a narrow signal of peak to peak width = 60 (10−4 T), g = 2.003). The third defect center is Mn2+ (6S5/2, 3d5) (signal width = 61 (10−4 T), g = 2.0023, Aiso = 93(10−4 T)), and the fourth defect is identified as Cu2+ (2D5/2, 3d9) (g⊥ = 2.048 and g‖ = 2.279), previously undetected. Coke-derived and non-coal derived GQDs show Mn2+ and two-carbon related signals, and no Cu2+...


In a school facing closure the staff are likely to be beset by fears and anxieties, and loss of morale. This case-study shows how staff can be involved in a programme of development. It makes recommendations for others in similar stressful situations.


This critical analysis focuses on the movement vocabulary and interaction of dancers in selected sections of the filmed version of White Man Sleeps (1988) by Siobhan Davies. The choreography is divided into five distinct parts, in accordance with divisions in the musical accompaniment from which the piece takes its name, a suite of five movements by Kevin Volans composed in 1986. The dance piece is steeped in references to Davies's experiences of travelling across North America. A detailed engagement with the work reveals evidence of Davies's studies of contact improvisation, Alexander technique and release work. The primary theme of travelling or journeying is seen in the movement material and structure of the dance itself, as well as the sense of continuous motion emphasized in the seamlessly linked sections. The analysis notes how White Man Sleeps borrows references also from African culture, both in the musical accompaniment inspired by Volans's experiences in Africa, and in the costume and set design...


Under many conditions the killing of bacterial cells by antibiotics is potentiated by damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In most bacteria, ROS primarily target biomolecules such as proteins and DNA. Damage to DNA, particularly in the form of double-strand breaks (DSBs), is a major contributor to cell death. DNA polymerase IV (pol IV), an error-prone DNA polymerase produced at elevated levels in cells experiencing DNA damage, has been implicated both in ROS-dependent killing and in DSB repair (DSBR). Here, we show using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy that ROS-induced DSBs promote pol IV activity in two ways. First, exposure to the DNA-damaging antibiotics ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim triggers an SOS-mediated increase in intracellular pol IV concentration that is strongly dependent on both ROS and DSBR. Second, in cells that constitutively express pol IV, co-treatment with a ROS mitigator dramatically reduces the number of DSBs as well as pol IV foci formed, indicating a role of pol IV in the repair of ROS-induced DSBs. Significance Many antibiotics induce an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cells. ROS-induced damage to DNA, in particular formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs), potentiates killing by several bactericidal antibiotics. Here we used single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to reveal new links between ROS-induced DSBs and the activity of error-prone DNA polymerase IV (pol IV). We found that antibiotic-induced up-regulation of pol IV production requires active formation of DSB intermediates and can be supressed by ROS mitigators. The formation of pol IV foci, which reflect DNA-binding events, also requires DSB repair. Our findings support a major role for pol IV in DSB intermediates and reveal new details of how antibiotic treatment can potentially drive the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.


Common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus were present in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA, before, during, and after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Health assessments conducted on dolphins in Barataria Bay in 2011, 2013, and 2014, after the capping of the well, found disease conditions consistent with petroleum hydrocarbon exposure and toxicity. Satellite-linked transmitters were affixed to dolphins during these health assessments for assessing the potential for continued exposure to petroleum-associated products, estimating survival rates, and planning potential restoration. In total, 44 tags were deployed, transmitting for 48 to 260 d. The dolphins exhibited multi-year site fidelity to small home ranges. Most tagged dolphin locations were inside the bay. On average, the dolphins that entered the Gulf coastal waters remained within 1.75 km of shore. No dolphins were documented more than 14 km beyond their 95% utilization distribution (UD) overall home ranges. Individual variation in the use of specific regions and habitats of Barataria Bay suggests the occurrence of community structure. All but 3 of the dolphins (93%) were tracked or observed during more than 1 yr in Barataria Bay, with 20 (45%) recorded each year from 2010 to 2014. All but 6 dolphins (86%) were tracked during multiple seasons. Home range sizes were comparable to those reported for bottlenose dolphins elsewhere. These findings suggest the occurrence of long-term, year-round residency. Residency patterns suggest potential for continued exposure to petroleum-associated products that may have remained in Barataria Bay after the spill.


A new procedure to determine the mass absorption coefficient in two-layer system of Ni/Ge/Polikor has been proposed. The procedure is based on the use of simple manufactured unified single and unicomponent layers of sputtered nickel on a polymer film substrate. The correction coefficient has been calculated which takes into account the absorption of primary radiation of the X-ray tube and the analytical line of the bottom layer element in the top layer.


Objective To observe the photochemical effect of methylene blue (MB) on the inactivation of E. coli in blood and on biological functions of blood cells. Methods The blood was treated with 15 μmol/L MB, 40 000 Lux halogen lamp irradiation and 0.35 mmol/l rutin for 10~40 min. The photochemical effect of MB on the inactivation of E.coli in blood was observed. The changes of biologic functions of blood cells were measured by means of RBC membrane binding to poly L lysine, reaction promoted by ATP enzyme and neutrophil phagocytosis tests. Results After treatment for 40 min, the E.coli count in blood decreased by 5 log units. The value of T/E of MB and irradiation of halogen lamp was higher than 1. No obvious changes of the morphology of blood cell were found. The negative electrical charges on membrane of RBC decreased by 11.23%~25.49%. After treatment of the blood for 20~30 min, the activity of Na + K +ATP enzyme of RBC membrane increased by 7.60%~20.07%. When the blood had been treated for 10~20 min, the positive rate of neutrophil phagocytosis enhanced by 9.00%. Conclusion MB photochemical treatment can effectively inactivate E. coli in blood. Under morphology specific condition of effectively inactivated blood bacteria, the shapes and functions of blood cells are not altered, but the RBC adhesion may increase by about 11.23%~25.49%.


Thank you very much for reading natural human fertility social and biological determinants. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this natural human fertility social and biological determinants, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer.


The corners between the blades and end walls are common geometric structures in turbomachinery, where boundary layers on the blade and end wall surface interact with each other. This boundary layer interaction enlarges the region of low momentum fluid which leads to the boundary layers grow thicker at the corner region. Then the corner separation is likely to occur, and even worse by the adverse pressure gradient along the streamwise as well as secondary flows along the pitchwise. The key issue to design the geometric structures of the corner region is to control the dihedral angle between the blade and end wall surface. However, from the current published literature, few researchers have studied the influence of dihedral angle on the flow structures at the corner region in detail. In this paper, a series of expansion pipes with different cross sections which represent different dihedral angles are simulated. Then, some useful conclusions about how the dihedral angle affects the flow structures at the corner region are drawn. Moreover, a new method to predict the boundary layer thickness at the corner region is introduced, and the predicted results are in good agreement with simulation results.


Sustainability analysis, or triple bottom line analysis, is increasingly recognized as a holistic approach when all the three pillars of sustainability (environmental, economic and social aspects) are equally incorporated into the decision-making process of a project. Currently, the tools for assessing the environmental and economic impacts are well established. On the contrary, the development of a quantitative tool to assess the social impacts has been particularly challenging because a multitude of subjective factors may vary among social entities depending upon the type of project assessed. In this study, a new tool called Social Sustainability Evaluation Matrix (SSEM) is developed and applied to two environmental remediation project sites. In both cases, remedial options were previously identified and assessed based on environmental and economic aspects. SSEM is an Excel-based tool comprising four social dimensions: (1) socio-individual, (2) socio-institutional, (3) socio-economic, and (4) socio-environmental. Under each dimension, several key areas are identified, and a scoring system is devised to quantify the extent of resulting social impacts. Scores for the identified key areas are summed under each social dimension, and a comparative assessment is performed to allow for more informed decisions about remedy selection, design, implementation, and mitigation as necessary. Overall, SSEM was found to be quite beneficial in assessing social sustainability of the selected remedial options in this study; however, it is important to incorporate an objective basis to the highest degree practicable. Also, when negative, substantive impacts are identified, mitigation efforts should be made to minimize or avoid the impact.


A measuring instrument for detecting a fill level or a limit level of a medium, for example fill levels in containers or chambers, is provided. The measuring instrument includes a sensor unit, which takes at least two measurements at two different penetration depths in the medium. For this purpose, an arithmetic-logic unit makes calculations So as to distin guish complete covering of the sensor unit by a medium from adhesion of parts of the medium to the sensor unit, using the results of the measurements.


This  research  is  an  experimental  study  of  creative  process  issues  in  the  creation  of  the  Srimpi Pudyastuti dance, the aim of which is to reveal how creative practice ideas of traditional dance are developed by artists with a background in creativity in the cultural and performing arts realms. The method used is a qualitative research method with a choreographic approach. Data collection, observation, literature study  and  interviews.  The  results  of  the  study  show  that  the  Srimpi  Pudyastuti  dance,  in  its  creative process, uses a combination of the concepts of working on the dance movements of the Surakarta Style and Yogyakarta Style which have been stylized into new forms of movement. The creation was inspired by the realities of life that are happening all over the world, namely the Covid-19 pandemic and the stagnation in the development of the group dance genre, especially the srimpi dance. In the creative process, motion exploration is considered to form space and rhythm as well as the findings of the motions that characterize Srimpi Pudyastuti with her vocal movements using a lot of gliding (floating) motions.Keyword: srimpi pudyastuti, creativity, creative process


Corporate or Corporation is derived from Latin term "corpus" which means a "body". Governance means administering the processes and systems placed for satisfying stakeholder expectation. When combined Corporate Governance means a set of systems procedures, policies, practices, standards put in place by a corporate to ensure that relationship with various stakeholders is maintained in transparent and honest manner. India's corporate governance framework contains a range of measures that promote accountability of management and transparency of financial and other information. On the regulatory framework of corporate governance, the Indian government has undertaken a set of reforms to improve disclosure norms of financial information and to update accounting rules. In the matter of corporate governance enactment of the companies Act 2013 deserves mention. The new Act replaces the Companies Act, 1956 and aims to improve corporate governance standards simplify regulations and enhance the interests of minority shareholders. The new Act is a major milestone in the corporate governance sphere in India and is likely to have significant impact on the governance of companies in the country. The present paper aims at reviewing the provision and various developments in corporate governance in India under the Companies Act, 2013.


Objective To analyze the relationship between neuron-specific enolase(NSE) levels and extents of cerebral injury in patients with epidemic encephalitis B, and to study the use of NSE in the pathogenetic of epidemic encephalitis B. Method The NSE contents were measured by double antibody sandwich assay. Results NSE contents in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with epidemic encephalitis B rised in the primary phase, reached the maximum in the crisis phase, and falled in the recovery phase. The difference of NSE contents in the primary phase compared with it in the crisis phase in serum and CSF in all types of patients had notable statistic significance(P0.01), and the difference of NSE contents in the recovery phase had statistic significance(P0.05). Conclusion It is helpful for the judgement of patients′ condition with epidemic encephalitis B to measure the NSE contents.


We have performed numerical simulations of steep three-dimensional wave groups, formed by dispersive focusing, using the fully-nonlinear potential flow solver OceanWave3D. We find that third-order resonant interactions result in directional energy transfers to higher-wavenumber components, forming steep wave groups with augmented kinematics and a prolonged lifespan. If the wave group is initially narrow banded, quasi-degenerate interactions resembling the instability band of a regular wave train arise, characterised by unidirectional energy transfers and energy transfers along the resonance angle, ±35.26°, of the Phillips ‘figure-of-eight’ loop. Spectral broadening due to the quasi-degenerate interactions eventually facilitates non-degenerate interactions, which dominate the spectral evolution of the wave group after focus. The non-degenerate interactions manifest primarily as a high-wavenumber sidelobe, which forms at an angle of ±55° to the spectral peak. We consider finite-depth effects in the range of deep to intermediate waters (5.592 ≥ kpd ≥ 1.363), based on the characteristic wavenumber (kp) and the domain depth (d), and find that all forms of spectral evolution are suppressed by depth. However, the quasi-degenerate interactions exhibit a greater sensitivity to depth, suggesting suppression of the modulation instability by the return current, consistent with previous studies. We also observe sensitivity to depth for kpd values commonly considered "deep", indicating that the length scales of the wave group and return current may be better indicators of dimensionless depth than the length scale of any individual wave component. The non-degenerate interactions appear to be depth resilient with persistent evidence of a ±55° spectral sidelobe at a depth of kpd =1.363. Although the quasi-degenerate interactions are significantly suppressed by depth, the interactions do not entirely disappear for kpd =1.363 and show signs of biasing towards oblique, rather than unidirectional, wave components at intermediate depths. The contraction of the wavenumber spectrum in the ky-direction has also proved to be resilient to depth, suggesting that lateral expansion of the wave group and the "wall of water" effect of Gibbs & Taylor (2005) may persist at intermediate depths.


ABSTRACT This study aimed to elaborate a convenience food – sous vide – and establish its shelf life by monitoring physicochemical, microbiological, and sensorial characteristics. Sous vide fillets were prepared from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) with two types of sauces: soy sauce (SS) and basil sauce (BS), at a pasteurization temperature of 65°C for 12.5 min, a binomial established according to a 22 central composite rotational design. The packed samples were kept under refrigeration in the range of 1 ± 1°C, and then they underwent analyses at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days of storage. The results of the microbiological analyses indicated that microorganisms remained below acceptable limits either in the raw material or in the sous vide over the storage period. The characteristics that sous vide SS and BS showed on the 42nd and 49th days of shelf life, respectively, indicate that these products, when appropriate processing and storage are used, can preserve their fresh quality.


Of all the new concerns to emerge in the wake of unconventional shale energy development, induced earthquakes are perhaps the most surprising. The frequency and occurrence of seismic activity in the central and eastern United States has increased dramatically since the shale boom began in 2009. This uptick in seismic events has led many to suspect that the connection between unconventional production and induced seismicity is far from coincidence. Plenty of myths and inaccurate reporting surround this issue, but the consensus from the scientific community is that the injection of wastewater fluids is the most likely culprit for the increasing rates of seismicity. This concern has prompted a varied response from concerned citizens, regulators, and the industry. This article discusses how the oil and gas industry induces earthquakes from wastewater disposal activities, outlines the existing regulatory framework by comparing the response of state officials in Oklahoma and Colorado, and offers several non-regulatory strategies that companies should implement to prevent these damaging earthquakes. This article concludes that the best approach to mitigate seismic risk requires both proactive state regulatory measures with voluntary efforts from the industry.


It is necessary to enhance science research management and to further promote the healthy development of science research in colleges and universities.However,there exist different types of problems in management ideology,management mechanism,informationization and group construction in science research management in tertiary schools under the new situation.These seriously restrict further development of science research in colleges and universities.The development of modern science urges us to enhance and improve science research management,and we should explore countermeasures to improve the science research manage-ment level according to the characteristics of science research in tertiary schools.


From the Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.C.M.); the Division of Cardiology (M.P.C.) and Departments of Radiology (V.V.M.) and Pathology (R.B.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital; and the Departments of Medicine (C.C.M., M.P.C.), Ophthalmology (C.S.F.), Radiology (V.V.M.), and Pathology (R.B.C.), Harvard Medical School — all in Boston; and the Immunology and Uveitis Foundation and the Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institute, Cambridge, MA (C.S.F.).


In order to improve the general qualities of the teachers,the UK government initiated a large-scale innovation for the teacher training in 2007.Eleven Centers for Excellence in Teacher Training(CETT) containing various teacher training institutions have been established,so as to promote the teachers' professional development through the holistic management,the development of diversified curriculum and the construction of highly efficient communicating platform.Thus,this reformation has formulated new model of teacher education.


Electron tomography (ET) has become a well-established technique to visualize nanomaterials in three dimensions. A vast richness in information can be gained by ET, but the conventional acquisition...


Objective To evaluate the value and feasibility of tissue mitral annular displacement (TMAD) in the assessment of left ventricular global and segmental longitudinal systolic function and synchronization in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Methods The study population consisted of 39 on-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (nHCM) patients and 39 healthy volunteers matched by gender and age.Left ventricular global and segmental longitudinal were measured by speckle tracking imaging(STI).The mitral annular displacement (MAD) (anterioseptal,posterioseptal,anterior,lateral,posterior and inferior sites,respectively),peak of time (PT) and left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI) were measured by TMAD.The correlation between LSR and MAD was analyzed,and the parameters of MAD and SDI for tow groups were compared.Results The rate of effectively track segments of TMAD was significantly higher than that of STI(98.7% vs 77.9%,P <0.001).There were high correlationship between segmental LSR and MAD(r =-0.784,P <0.001),and global and MADglobal (r =-0.897,P <0.001).Compared with the control group,MAD of six spots and MADglobal were significantly decreased (P < 0.001,respectively),SDI was significantly increased(P <0.001).Conclusions TMAD is a sensitive and reproducible method for the assessment of LV longitudinal functionin patients with nHCM.

Key words:
Echocardiography;  Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic ;  Ventricular function, left


Aluminum toxicityꎬ a major abiotic stress that inhibits plant growth and developmentꎬ has become one of the main factors reducing agricultural yield. To reveal the physiological mechanism of boron on alleviating aluminum toxicity of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.ꎬ seedlings from Anguo (with strong Al ̄tolerance) and Pujiang (with weak Al ̄tolerance) varieties of T. kirilowii were selected for water culture experiments and the effects of boron treatment (50 μmol / L) on varieties′ growthꎬ aluminum accumulationꎬ antioxidant capacityꎬ and cell wall components under aluminum stress (300 μmol / L) were studied. The results showed that 300 μmol / L Al stress inhibited the root lengthꎬ plant heightꎬ fresh


We report results from the LSE-CEP Survey of UK Self-employment May 2020.1 The self-employed have been hit particularly hard by the Covid-19 crisis, with approximately three quarters reporting less work in April 2020 than usual. The largest reductions in self-employment hours and income are among lower-income, older individuals without employees. There are no gender differences in the aggregate, however this is due to self-employed women being more likely to be able to work from home. Comparing men who can work from home against women who can work from home, women are more negatively affected than men. A third of self-employed workers have felt that their health was at risk while working during the coronavirus crisis, and this was significantly higher among those who work in app-based jobs. On average, higher-income workers are more likely to apply for the Coronavirus Self-employment Income Support Scheme. Over 40% of those who had not applied are unsure whether they are eligible. On average, the self-employed expect their work to return to normal in September 2020. A fifth think it will take until 2021 and 1 in 20 expect that their work will never return back to normal. The self-employed value income support highly. On average they are prepared to sacrifice 10% of their regular income to be guaranteed similar support for future shocks. Solo self-employed individuals value income support by twice as much as the self-employed with employees.


This paper describes a new fingerprint sensor that detects the topography of finger ridges and valleys. We propose a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) cavity structure for the pixels arrayed on the sensor surface and a fabrication process that stacks the cavity structures on a CMOS LSI. A thin film on top of the cavity structures is bent by finger ridges mechanically, which is detected by the sensing circuits below them electronically. Based on an analytical model, we designed a cavity structure suitable for fingerprint detection. We fabricated the cavity structures on the sensing circuits by a fabrication process that entails gold electroplating, sacrificial layer etching for cavities, and a sealing technique. The fabricated fingerprint sensor consists of about 57 334 pixels in the area of 11.2 mm /spl times/ 12.8 mm, which yields a high spatial resolution of 508 dots-per-inch (dpi). With these pixels working together, fingerprint images were obtained. The sensor produces clear fingerprint images regardless whether the finger was dry or wet, which confirms its potential for various practical applications.


Experimental results arepresented for the microwave dielectric properties of the glass system (x) As/sub 2/Te/sub 3/(1 - x)As/sub 2/Se/sub 3/ under temperature and compositional variations. The results indicate that the material exhibits potentially useful microwave properties.


The heat and mass transfer of a non‐Newtonian fluid past a continuous moving vertical sheet subjected to constant heat flux is analyzed using the group similarity transformation method. The nonlinear coupled partial differential equation governing the flow and the boundary conditions are transformed to a system of ordinary differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions. Two cases for the external flow are analytically obtained during the transformation process. One is new; uw = x/t, while the other corresponds to Falkner–Skan case. For both cases the ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using the shooting method. The effect of Prandtl and Reynolds numbers as well as the fluid flow index n on the velocity and temperature of the boundary‐layer, is investigated. A comparison with previous numerical work is then presented.


1. J. Sachs : An Inquiry into the Seat of the Formation of Carbonic Acid in the' Animal Body. (Reichert and Dubois-Reymond's Archiv, 1863, pp. 345.) 2. Sczelkow : On the Interchange of Gases which takes place in the different Organs of the Body. (Sitzungsberichte der Wien Akad., Band xlv. 1862, p. 171.) 3. M. Edenhuizen : Essay on the Physiology of the Skin. (Henle and Pfeuffer, Zeitschrift, iii. Reihe, Band xvii. p. 35-105.)


Latent fingerprints are (un)intentional finger skin impressions left as ridge patterns at crime scenes. The significant challenge in latent fingerprint segmentation is extracting complex, multiple, noisy foreground fingermarks while maintaining the performance of the system. The work presented in this paper provides a method to extract fingerprints from the latent fingerprint images dataset (IIIT-D) using a stack of convolutional auto-encoders. The idea is to early detect the structure of interest from the image using a color-based mask. These structures are divided into equal-sized patches and classification of these patches into fingermark or background class-labeling is achieved using staked convolutional autoencoders. To establish stable layered architecture and an optimal amount of information in patches as input to these layers, the impact of different patch-size is analyzed on various stacks of the layered architecture of the underlying deep neural network. Reduced feature learning of an autoencoder and pre- trained convolutional neural network improves the patch classification accuracy thereby increasing segmentation accuracy.


The invention discloses a method for improving ion implantation collimation. The method comprises the following steps: firstly spinning a layer of photoresist on a silicon substrate, and carrying out exposure and developing to define a first trap ion implantation region; depositing a protective layer on the photoresist layer, and carrying out ion implantation in the first trap ion implantation region, wherein the ion implantation process comprises the first ion implantation, the second ion implantation and the third ion implantation; removing the protective layer and the photoresist layer; and finally repeating the steps, defining a second trap ion implantation region, and finishing ion implantation in the second trap ion implantation region. According to the method, the protective layer is added to the surface of the photoresist, so that the photoresist layer can resist high-energy ion bombardment; the loss of the photoresist caused by ion implantation is reduced; ion implantation is relatively accurate; the problem of threshold voltage shift caused by size change of the photoresist layer is solved; and the reliability of a device is improved.


The gamma decay of neutron-rich nuclei around 48Ca was measured at Legnaro National Laboratory with the PRISMA-CLARA setup, using the multi-nucleon transfer reaction 48Ca on 64Ni at 282 MeV. Evidence is found for a large spin alignment which allows to use angular distributions and polarizations of gamma rays to firmly establish, for the first time, spin and parities of several excited states. In the one neutron transfer channels, 49Ca and 47Ca, states arising by coupling a single particle to the 3− phonon of 48Ca are observed, showing the robustness of nuclear collectivity in rather light systems. The work demonstrates the feasibility of complete in-beam γ-spectroscopy with heavy-ion transfer reactions and provides a method that can be further exploited in the future with heavy targets and radioactive beams.


In this paper, an Aggregation-Division Model (ADM) is proposed to simulate the clustering characteristics of nodes in cyberspace and to describe the dynamic evolution process of the community system structure. Based on Cluster-Cluster Aggregation (CCA) model, using the random walk and collision of discrete single particle to simulate the communication and relationship establishment of nodes in social networks to produce stochastic process of larger clusters. At the same time, this paper also mentions that under the effect of internal and external environment factors, the monomer results in the instability of community structure and then lead to the whole community gradually split into a small structure. Meanwhile, to display and illustrate the dynamic evolution process of community structure by visual programming.


The vibrational signatures of methylene blue (MB) dye molecule have been reported. Complete vibrational assignments of the molecule are presented for the first time. Concentration-dependent surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering [SER(R) S] spectra of the molecule have been investigated. Fluorescence spectroscopic technique has been applied to explore the concentration of the probe molecule actually adsorbed on the gold nanocolloidal (AuNC) surface. The free energy of adsorption and saturated concentration of MB molecules on AuNC surface are also estimated. Gigantic enhancements ~105–1013 orders of magnitude have been recorded for the enhanced Raman bands in the SER(R) S spectra. The possible orientation of the molecule on the AuNC surface and their probable protrusions within the hot spots have been suggested. The hot geometries and correlation between the plasmonic behavior of the nanoparticles and enhancement efficiencies of the SER(R) S band have been mapped with the aid of three-dimensional finite difference time domain (3D-FDTD) simulations. Application of soft lithographic technique to engineer the pattern formation of hetero dimeric spherical aggregates will be an interesting field of study in future to enhance the detection limit of this and similar types of dye molecules. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Children with cancer routinely undergo painful medical procedures invoking strong physiological stress responses. Resilience to this pain may be conferred through resources such as emotion regulation strategies and positive affect.


For the issues of the ant colony algorithm (ACO) to solving the problems in mobile robot path planning, such as the slow optimization speed and the redundant paths in planning results, a high-precision improved ant colony algorithm (IPACO) with fast optimization and compound prediction mechanism is proposed. Firstly, aiming at maximizing the possibility of optimal node selection in the process of path planning, a composite optimal node prediction model is introduced to improve the state transition function. Secondly, a pheromone model with initialize the distribution and "reward or punishment"? update mechanism is used to updates the global pheromone concentration directionally, which increases the pheromone concentration of excellent path nodes and the heuristic effect; Finally, a prediction-backward mechanism to deal with the "deadlock" problem in the ant colony search process is adopted in the IPACO algorithm, which enhance the success rate in the ACO algorithm path planning. Five groups of different environments are selected to compare and verify the performance of IPACO algorithm, ACO algorithm and three typical path planning algorithms. The experimental simulation results show that, compared with the ACO algorithm, the convergence speed and the planning path accuracy of the IPACO algorithm are improved by 57.69% and 12.86% respectively, and the convergence speed and the planning path accuracy are significantly improved; the optimal path length, optimization speed and stability of the IPACO algorithm are improved. Which verifies that the IPACO algorithm can effectively improve the environmental compatibility and stability of the ant colony algorithm path planning, and the effect is significantly improved.


In this work, we propose a cross-layer design strategy based on a joint successive interference cancellation (SIC) detection technique and a multi-relay selection algorithm for the uplink of cooperative direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems. We devise a low-cost greedy list-based SIC (GL-SIC) strategy with RAKE receivers as the front-end that can approach the maximum likelihood detector performance. %Unlike prior art, the proposed GL-SIC algorithm %exploits the Euclidean distance between users of interest, multiple %ordering and their constellation points to build an effective list %of detection candidates. We also present a low-complexity multi-relay selection algorithm based on greedy techniques that can approach the performance of an exhaustive search. %A cross-layer %design strategy that brings together the proposed GL-SIC algorithm %and the greedy relay selection is then developed. Simulations show an excellent bit error rate performance of the proposed detection and relay selection algorithms as compared to existing techniques.


"ECO FRONTIER Z1" is a chromate-free black-colored steel sheet which offers a combination of an excellent heat absorption/radiation property and EMI shielding performance in addition to an attractive black appearance and high corrosion resistance, and has earned a high evaluation as one of JFE Steel's high performance products. This steel sheet comprises a black-colored layer formed on the surface of a Zn-Ni electroplated steel sheet, and a chromate-free organic-inorganic composite film, which gives the product both excellent corrosion resistance and high heat absorption/ radiation. Because "ECO FRONTIER Zl" also possesses good conductivity, spot welding can be applied. The new sheet is used in home electrical appliances, OA equipment, car audios, and other products which require groundahilify and EMI shielding performance.


Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds are the basis of many essential pharmaceuticals and physiologically active natural products. The 2-azetidinone (â-lactam) ring system is the common structural feature of broad spectrum â-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, nocardicins and monobactams, which have been widely used as chemotherapeutic agents to treat bacterial infections and microbial diseases[1]. These molecules operate by forming a covalent adduct with membrane-bound bacterial transpeptidases, which are also known as penicillin KEYWORDS


1 CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Motivations 2 1.2 Contribution Summary 2 1.3 Thesis Orientation 3 CHAPTER 02: BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2.1 Appendix 4 2.2 Alternative Techniques 2.2.1 Needlescopic laparoscopic appendectomy 7 2.2.2 Two port laparoscopic appendectomy 7 2.2.3 Appendectomy with a single, tensom biblical trocar 7 2.2.4 Single access laparoscopic appendectomy 7 2.3 Complications of laparoscopic appendectomy 2.3.1 Bleeding 8 2.3.2 Fecalith 8 2.4 Effects of Laparoscopic Appendectomy 2.4.1 Laparoscopic appendectomy in women of childbearing age 8 2.4.2 Laparoscopic appendectomy in pregnant women 8 2.4.3 Laparoscopic appendectomy in children 8 2.4.4 Laparoscopic appendectomy in obese persons 9 2.5 Edge detection 9


The invention relates to a steel-structure energy-saving composite board which comprises a light steel skeleton outer frame, an upper layer, a heat insulation core layer and a lower layer, wherein reinforced concrete side ribs are arranged at the lower parts of the inner sides of the long sides of the light steel skeleton outer frame, and reinforced concrete end ribs are arranged at the lower parts of the inner sides of the short sides of the light steel skeleton outer face; the lower surface of the lower layer is provided with multiple parallel or vertically-intersected reinforced concrete auxiliary ribs; steel bars are arranged in the reinforced concrete side ribs, the reinforced concrete end ribs and the reinforced concrete auxiliary ribs respectively; and the two ends of the steel bars welded on the light steel skeleton outer frame arranged at the corresponding positions respectively. The steel-structure light energy-saving composite board provided by the invention comprises a roof panel, a floor panel and an external wall panel, has the advantages of large bearing capacity, energy conservation and heat preservation, acoustic insulation and fire resistance, crack and earthquake resistance, weather resistance and durability as well as high production efficiency, and is quick and convenient to construct.


A description of the technique used for performing a variety of SQUID NMR measurements in fields varying from 3.7 to 309 G is presented. Pulsed NMR, cw NMR, adiabatic fast passage, and static susceptibility measurements have been made on liquid 3He, using the same detection system, in the temperature range 1.2K–2mK. The spin‐lattice relaxation times varied from 100 s at 1 K to as fast as 0.26 ms at 2 mK. The spin–spin relaxation times varied from 3×10−5 s in 309 G to nearly 3×10−3 s in 3.7 G.


The novel complexes [Cu (MIMA) (H2O) (CIO4) ]n, (1), [ Cu (MIMA) (H2O) ]n (PF6)n (2) (MIMAH = N- [ (l - methylimidazole -2- yl ) methylene ] - β- alanine ) were prepared and characterized by Single-crystal X-ray analysis. Crystal data: 1, Orthorhombic, space group Pna21, a = 12. 79 (l), b = 13. 167 (8), c =7. 731 (3) A, V= 1302 (1) A3, Z=4, 2,Orthorhom- bic, space group Pna21, a = 12. 894 (8), b = 13. 64 (l), c =7. 799 (4) A, V= 1372 (2) A3 Z =4. The copper (Ⅱ) atoms in 1 has a distorted octahedral environment, the equatorical posi- positions are occupied by two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom from the Schiff base ligand and the other carboxy oxygen atom from the adjacent ligand, and the apical positions were occupied by one water molecule and one perchlorate oxygen atom. The copper (Ⅱ) atoms in 2 has a square-pyramidal environment, the equatorical positions are occupied by two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom from the Schiff base ligand and the other carboxy oxygen atom from the adjacent ligand, and the apical positions was occupied by one water molecule. The carboxylate groups acted in the bidentate syn-anti mode and bridges each pair of adjacent copper (Ⅱ ) atoms (dCu. Cu. Ca 4. 8A) via the two equatorial posi- positions, giving rise to one-dimensional (Cu-O-G-O-Cu)n skeletons.


[Objective]To understand the clinical features of 103 cases in an outbreak of Echo30 viral meningitis,and provide reference for its Diagnosis and treatment.[Methods]Measures were performed,including case definition,cases search in school and hospitals,description of clinical symptoms,examinations and primary diagnosis,and virus monitoring of 20 confirmed cases.[Results]A total of 103 cases were identified,the morbidity was 4.6 %(103/2 255);most cases got symptoms as fever(100%),headache(70.9%),vomiting(68.0%),dizziness(40.8%) and nausea(33.0%),and others also got bellyache(14.6%),diarrhea(4.9%).For 86 people received routine examination,73.3% got higher leukocyte count;57.0%(49/86)had neutrophil count increasing;11 of 12 CSF examinations showed abnormal white leukocyte count;12 of 16 EEG showed abnormal;only 15 outpatients' diagnosis records were obtained,11 were upper respiratory infection(URI);the virus detoxification period was from 7 to 28 days.[Conclusion]The clinic features with this Echo30 viral meningitis outbreak is consistent with the previously reported,but the primary hospitals are weak in diagnosis and treatment,it is necessary to enforce diagnosis and treatment of common and seasonal infection diseases.


IT has long been apparent that the phenomena of marriage and parenthood have too many and too important ramifications to be dealt with by a single discipline or by a synthetic conglomeration of the human sciences. In the last analysis, the organization of stable societies rests largely on the acceptance of marriage as a basic institution. The preservation of this institution is so vital for the maintenance of the biological, cultural and moral values of human heritage that it must be guarded from the repercussions of frequent changes in social customs, ethnic stratifications and reproductive capacities. Evidently, no one class of super-specialists can consider itself sufficiently competent and self-reliant to claim a monopoly on all the scientific and philanthropic resources required for an adequate understanding or the professional management of the phenomenological problems arising from family relations. In terms of personal interrelationships, the procurement of interdisciplinary guidance in relation to marriage and reproduction is equally important. The need of this service is obvious if one bears in mind that the degree of individual adjustment and mental health attainable on an adult level appears to be more dependent on "the wise choice of a life partner" than on any other single factor (Baber, 1937). It is rather unfortunate, therefore, that large segments of scientific workers, professional organizations and public health agencies are still inclined to cling to an attitude of timid inactivity, ideological compartmentalization or cynical indifference when confronted with some of the complexities of family relationships and population policies. If interdisciplinary approaches to the problems of mate selection, marital adjustment and parenthood are a necessity in modern societies, it is even more imperative that they should be plainly decodified and resolutely integrated. Methodologically, all investigative procedures used are to proceed on the general premise that marriage and fertility reflect practically the entire range of potential human imperfections in biological adaptation, emotional adjustment, and social security. It is utterly inappropriate, of course, to blame the


Physical interaction between the lymphoid high mobility group (HMG)‐box architectural transcription factors TCF/LEF and β‐catenin is associated with translocation of the heteromeric complex to the nucleus and regulation of target gene expression. Since formation of molecular complexes among β‐catenin, E‐cadherin, p300apc and TCF/LEF depends on balanced expression of these constituents, we investigated the biosynthesis of TCF‐1 in colorectal cancer. Here we report detailed analyses of activation and overexpression of lymphoid transcription factor TCF‐1 in human colorectal cancer‐derived cell lines. Northern blot analyses revealed considerable steady‐state expression levels of TCF‐1 mRNA of normal size. Genomic rearrangement of the 5′ flanking region of the TCF‐1 gene was excluded as a cause of ectopic expression. By contrast, CAT‐reporter constructs depending on a 515‐bp T‐cell‐regulated TCF‐1 genomic upstream region were significantly activated in epithelial tumor cells. RT‐PCR analyses revealed a heterogeneic population of mRNA isoforms due to alternative splicing in the TCF‐1 gene. On Western blots of colorectal cancer cells, the TCF‐1‐specific monoclonal antibody 7H3 detected a similar heterogeneous spectrum of TCF‐1 specific polypeptide chains. Interestingly, overexpression of TCF‐1‐specific splice forms correlated with the metastatic behavior of the analyzed cells and with overproduction of lymphoid tyrosine protein kinase p56lck. We conclude that ectopic expression of the HMG‐box factor TCF‐1 is associated with late events in tumor progression. Int. J. Cancer 72:625–630, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We present simple and stable formulas for computing power (including absorbed/radiated, scattered and extinction power) in current-based volume integral equation formulations. The proposed formulas are given in terms of vector-matrix-vector products of quantities found solely in the associated linear system. In addition to their efficiency, the derived expressions can guarantee the positivity of the computed power. We also discuss the application of Poynting's theorem for the case of sources immersed in dissipative materials. The formulas are validated against results obtained both with analytical and numerical methods for scattering and radiation benchmark cases.


Objective To investigate the effect of clinical nursing paths on function rehabilitation guiding of burn patients.Methods 90burn patients were randomly divided into observation group(n=45) and control group(n=45).The observation group was guided rehabilitation with clinical nursing paths,while the control group with routine way.Results The scores of Barthel index,and physiological factors,psychological factors,social relations and environmental factors of World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF improved more in the observation group than in the control group(P0.001).Conclusion Application of clinical nursing paths to guiding function rehabilitation of burn patients can improve the activities of daily living and quality of life of burn patients.


The major part of this research is on a theoretical cognitive analysis of the senses of the verb "to break" and their relations. Basically, it is an attempt to apply the polysemy model to this verb. According to this model, certain verbs, nouns, adjectives, or prepositions might have distinct senses but are systematically interrelated and related to each other. The secondary senses emerge from the central ones. Relatedness of senses (the central and secondary ones ) is either direct or indirect through cognitive – semantic realizations such as metaphorical extension, metonymy, generalization, specialization, and chaining. These cognitive – semantic realizations constitute a radial systematic network within the senses of the polysemous word .


Objective: To evaluate the effect of food and nutrition education on the knowledge related to food and nutrition of school children from an official Usme school in Bogota. Materials and methods: A community test of the before and after type was conducted with a convenience sampling. For the development of the study, socio-demographic characterization surveys were applied, tabulated by Microsoft Excel 2016. Group sessions were carried out with food and nutrition education strategies. A CAP questionnaire was applied before and after the interventions to evaluate the food knowledge and identify the stage of the transheoretical model of the participating children. The analysis of the before and after results of the CAP questionnaires was carried out using the McNemar and Wilcoxon tests using the STATA software. Results: The main findings reflect a change in food knowledge as well as a shift in the stages of the transheoretical model. Prior to the interventions, the children had limited knowledge about healthy eating and its components, after these improved the ability to differentiate between fruits and vegetables, knowledge about nutrients and healthy eating. Statistical significance was found (p <0,05) for the percentage change of knowledge and attitudes and the change in time of the intervention Conclusions: The strategies of nutrition education shod efficacy at the time of expanding food knowledge.


The trial experiments of the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine by steeping method for healthcare wine production were carried out.The experiments content and the experiments requirements were introduced in this paper.


Abstract The effect of different treatments in the production of polyclonal antibodies against Clostridium tyrobutyricum spores and its immunodetection was studied. Moreover, the main protein that causes the immunological response has been characterised. Antisera from rabbits immunised with non-treated, heated or sonicated spores were tested by ELISA. Heated and sonicated spores gave a faster increase in antibody titre than non-treated spores a long time after immunisation. Heat treatment improved reactivity when it was applied to the spores prior to immunodetection. However, when the highest titre was reached, the treatment effect was not observed either in the immune response or in the immunodetection. The immunodominant protein was identified in a spore extract by transfer-blotting, analysed by on-line liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and characterised by comparison of its peptide fragmentation spectrum with the NCBI database. Five proteins from the family of chaperonins were shown related to the immunodominant protein of C. tyrobutyricum spore extract.


A microcanonical transition state model calculation is presented to account for the kinetic energy dependence of the reaction cross section σR(E T). An atom-diatom reaction scheme was used to obtain different expressions for the reaction cross section as a function of the internal density of states of the transition state and, on the other hand, of the adiabatic character of the rotational and vibrational motion of the diatomic. The model was applied to the M + RX → MX + R, M + X 20 → M0 + X 2, etc., where M = alkali, X = halogen or nitrogen and R = alkyl group. The model seems to explain satisfactorily the shape of these excitation functions and shows that the shape evolution of σR with E T is a direct consequence of the collision energy dependence of the transition state location. Indeed, it is shown that for several exoergic reactions the maximum in σR(E T) can be caused by the shift of the transition state from an early location (at the entrance channel) towards the product valley as E T increases.


The soil-rock mixture is a cohesive-frictional geomaterial subjected to impacts of composition and structure seriously. When it suffers from gravity or other kinds of loadings, the loss of its bearing capacity always appears a progressive failure. In this study, the ultimate criterion of the frictional material changing from the deformation stage to the failure stage is analyzed first and then the deformation and failure characteristics of the soil-rock mixture with different compositions and structures are discussed by the discrete element method. The results indicate that the deformation and failure of the soil-rock mixture under axial pressure appear a significant phenomenon of detouring around rock blocks. The bond failure zones and the ultimate shear strain increase with the increase of rock block proportion. The distribution of the bond failure zones always has a good uniformity with the inclination of rock block inclinations. The increase of cementation degree between particles expands the distribution of the bond failure zones but minifies the ultimate shear strain.


In this paper, in order to impart the aging condition of the parts, by configuring the cycle of temperature from low temperature was performed by applying the aging conditions for vehicle cockpit module. The reason for the selected modules of the cockpit vehicle parts, because the joint occurrence typical components of the room component is a first module and ceiling cockpit module. After setting the excitation profile using the BSR exciter only that this is for the module degradation after the initial and grasp the change in the dynamic characteristics of the modules based on the before and after deterioration may be made in the module, grasp the noise generating position I measured the noise and proximity. Was also visualized on the position of the joint is generated using a sound camera to objective results occurring where the joint is selected through subjective evaluation.


The audio output device is disclosed. The sound output device includes a speaker unit, a user interface and, scrolls UI moves in the user interface zone which in accordance with the scroll interaction on the sound content is mapped to the user interface areas and a user interface area provides a scroll UI for browsing the sound content by playing a pre-set interval of the sound content is mapped to a location and a processor to provide a preview function for the sound content through the speaker.


Uncompatibilized and compatibilized (polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) as compatibilizer) PET (polyethylene terephthalate)/PP (polypropylene)/TiO2 drawn strands were prepared by extrusion of the blends and cold drawing of the extrudates. In the uncompatibilized drawn strand, the generated PET microfibrils show large aspect ratio and wide distribution in diameter; whereas in the compatibilized drawn strand numbers of short needle-like PET formations appear and demonstrate uniform diameter distribution. Derived from PET droplets, the microfibril morphology is greatly influenced by the size of PET droplets in the extrudates: small droplet deforms into needle-like shape and large one becomes microfibril. In the compatibilized PET/PP/TiO2 extrudate, the size of PET droplet is much smaller than that in the uncompatibilized one. The reduction of droplet size is attributed to the low viscosity ratio between dispersed phase and matrix, which facilitates the break up of the dispersed PET droplets. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 555–562, 2009


One of the biggest problems facing Alexandria nowadays is the ongoing destruction of historic buildings to accommodate new high-rise residential buildings, carried out by the "construction mafia" with the aid of the landlords and the silence of the locals, to gain considerable financial profit in a remarkably short period of time. Through previous data collection and surveys, it was concluded that most of the residents don't have an adequate consciousness about the significance of these structures and the destructive actions happening to them. Here arises the role of virtual reality: this research attempts to discuss its impact on increasing this knowledge, enhancing the participatory heritage conservation process and its ability to encourage the residents to save their heritage from destruction.


The dynamic behavior of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of valerenic acid (VA) from valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) roots was studied by mathematical modeling. The extraction yield of VA was considered as the most desirable compound among the other extracted constituents. A two-phase desorption model was developed by considering a diffusion controlled regime in the particle and axial dispersion in the bed. The mass transfer parameters, i.e., pore diffusivity, film mass transfer coefficient and axial dispersion, along with the solubility parameters were chosen as the model parameters. The first three mass transfer parameters were predicted using nondimensional equations from the literature. The solubility equation and the parameters were studied using different equilibrium models, i.e., Henry, Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich (L-F) and Toth isotherms. The equilibrium parameters were correlated by comparing the outlet results of the dynamic SFE model with experiments. The experimental yield of the VA extraction was obtained at a pressure of 15.0–36.0 MPa, temperature of 310–334 K, solvent flow rate of 0.50–1.10 · 10–6 m3/min and different particle sizes ranging from 0.18–2.00 · 10–3 m in diameter, at a 20 min constant static period, in the presence of 46.9 μL/g ethanol as the co-solvent, followed by dynamic time extraction for up to 50 min. From the results, the mathematical model using the L-F equation exhibited the best agreement with the experimental yield of VA extraction in the range of studied conditions. The present model can be applied to design and scale up the SFE process of VA from Valeriana officinalis L. roots.


Resistin is named for resistance to insulin. Studies so far suggest that resistin may involve glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis and inflammatory response. From our previous studies, LPS increases resistin expression in vivo and in vitro. LPS also increases resistin mRNA expression in RAW264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage-like cell line. Our previous results showed that an octamer (ATTTGCAT) element, located at -914 to -907, and an unidentified element, within -996 to -969, are essential for maximal promoter activity in response to LPS stimulation. Two resistin promoter fragments, -996~-969 bp and -927∼-896 bp, were 32P-labeled and used as probe in EMSA assays, the results showed that both probes could form specific DNA/protein complexes with nuclear proteins from RAW264.7 cell. Cold -927∼-896 fragment and consensus octamer oligonucleotides completely competed for the formation of DNA/protein complex using the -927~-896 probe; however, octamer mutant probe (ATTTGCAT→GCCTGCAT) only partially competed the formation of the DNA/protein complex. Two nuclear proteins, Oct-1 and Oct-2, are known octamer-binding proteins. To identify which of them is involved in LPS induced resistin gene expression, we first checked whether Oct-1 and Oct-2 are expressed in RAW264.7. Both Oct-1 and Oct-2 mRNAs (detected by RT-PCR) and proteins (detected by Western blotting) are detectable in RAW264.7. However, only Oct-2 mRNA and protein levels were significant up-regulated by LPS in RAW264.7. Binding of Oct-2 in RAW264.7 nuclear extracts to the resistin promoter were demonstrated by using biotinylated -927~-896 bp DNA fragment captured by streptavidin magnetic beads and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Co-transfection of RAW264.7 with pResistin(-996/+61)-Luc and pCG-Oct-1 and/or pCG-Oct-2 further demonstrated that Oct-2, but not Oct-1, is responsible for the activation of resistin promoter upon LPS treatment. Taken together, our results showed that both -996~-969 bp and the octamer element located at -914 to -907, are essential for maximal promoter activity in response to LPS stimulation. In addition, we found that Oct-2, but not Oct-1, is responsible for LPS activation of resistin promoter. We also found, for the first time, that mRNA and protein levels of Oct-2 were significantly up-regulated by LPS in RAW264.7 cells, and activation of Oct-2 may involve PI3K and MEK pathways.


This paper briefly introduces the discovery of interlayer oxidation zone sandstone?type uranium mineralization in Lower Tertiary,Dingshan area,northern Junggar basin,and depositional environments,primary geochemical environments,development regularities of interlayer oxidation zone,as well as the occurrence features of sandstone?type uranium mineralization.Authors suggest that the discovery of interlayer oxidation zone sandstone?type uranium mineralization in Lower Tertiary in the area is of important significance in prospecting for in?situ leachable sandstone?type uranium deposits in the basin.


Fluorescent proteins brought a revolution in life sciences and biological research in that they make a powerful tool for researchers to study not only the structural and morphological information, but also dynamic and functional information in living cells and organisms. While green fluorescent proteins (GFP) have become a common labeling tool, red-shifted or even near infrared fluorescent proteins are becoming the research focus due to the fact that longer excitation wavelengths are more suitable for deep tissue imaging. In this study, E2-Crimson, a far red fluorescent protein whose excitation wavelength is 611 nm, was genetically expressed in the exocrine pancreas of adult zebrafish. Using spectroscopic all optical detection photoacoustic tomography, we mapped the distribution of E2-Crimson in 3D after imaging the transgenic zebrafish in vivo using two different wavelengths. With complementary morphological information provided by imaging the same fish using a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system, the E2-Crimson distribution acquired from spectroscopic photoacoustic tomography was confirmed in 2D by epifluorescence microscopy and in 3D by histology. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time a far red fluorescent protein is imaged in vivo by spectroscopic photoacoustic tomography. Due to the regeneration feature of zebrafish pancreas, this work preludes the longitudinal studies of animal models of diseases such as pancreatitis by spectroscopic photoacoustic tomography. Since the effective penetration depth of photoacoustic tomography is beyond the transport mean free path length, other E2-Crimson labeled inner organs will also be able to be studied dynamically using spectroscopic photoacoustic tomography.


The paper describes clinical-anamnesis data of bronchial asthma in 200 patients to assess disease outcome in children in different age groups. It was established that prenatal and postnatal risk factors play a significant role in bronchial asthma outcome during different age periods.


The resignation system of chattel mortgage is the best choice of the announcement way of chattel mortgage, which is of great theory and practice problem in the civil law too. The current legislation of our country has stipulated for this matter too, however, according to the whole res ignation system, there are a great deal of flaws and not perfect places, China s hould perfect relevant legislation as soon as possible, set up a set of unified rules, to promote the perfection of the system of chattel mortgage of our countr y to some extent.


Introduction: Besides the knowledge of life cycles in nature, the sustained use of aquatic biological resources also requires the development of know-how to reproduce and maintain them in captivity [1]. The scyphozoan Catostylus tagi, native to the Tagus and Sado estuaries, has already shown applicability in the areas of gastronomy and drugs for humans and has potential to be used as food for aquaculture organisms [2]. In this work we started to investigate the benthic life stages of C. tagi and their maintenance in laboratory. Materials and methods: In September 2017, gonads of 20 specimens of C. tagi (12 males and 8 females) were collected in the Tagus estuary. Pairwise samples of male and female gonads were placed in containers with 80 mL of Tagus water and different substrate for in vitro fertilization. The settlement, growth and survival of the polyps were monitored daily by microscope. The survival rate was calculated as the daily percentage of live polyps and planulae, relative to the total number of initial planulae (Table 1). Polyps were cultured under constant conditions of temperature (19 ± 1 °C) and salinity (34 ± 1 ‰) and kept in the dark to minimize the algae growth. When the polyps developed 6 tentacles, they were fed every 2 days, alternating between macerated female mussel gonads and rotifers supplied ad libitum. Waste particles and food remnants were removed daily from the containers. Between 20-50% of the water in each container was replaced with filtered Tagus water after the polyps had been fed. Statistical approach was made by Mann-Whitney U test, considering p <0.05. Results: Polyp survival rate was high on the second day (∼81%), but with a marked fall on the day after, and a trend for stability with some decrease on the following days (∼50%) (Figure 1). The highest survival rate was observed in containers that had substrate, specifically wood and plastic, while the lowest rate was observed in containers without substrate. Sand and shell were the substrates with the lowest results, the latter having a survival rate below 50% in the last days.Figure 1. Rate of C. tagi polyps survival. Discussion and conclusions: At the conditions of temperature and salinity used in this trial, statistical comparison confirmed that the survival rate of the polyps was significantly different in environments with and without substrate. Other authors observed similar rates of growth and survival in related species [3].


Turbulent flows in the presence of walls may be apprehended as a collection of momentum- and energy-containing eddies (energy-eddies), whose sizes differ by many orders of magnitude. These eddies follow a self-sustaining cycle, i.e. existing eddies are seeds for the inception of new ones, and so forth. Understanding this process is critical for the modelling and control of geophysical and industrial flows, in which a non-negligible fraction of the energy is dissipated by turbulence in the immediate vicinity of walls. In this study, we examine the causal interactions of energy-eddies in wall-bounded turbulence by quantifying how the knowledge of the past states of eddies reduces the uncertainty of their future states. The analysis is performed via direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flows in which time-resolved energy-eddies are isolated at a prescribed scale. Our approach unveils, in a simple manner, that causality of energy-eddies in the buffer and logarithmic layers is similar and independent of the eddy size. We further show an example of how novel flow control and modelling strategies can take advantage of such self-similar causality.


ABSTRACT The presence of organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewater has led to the global need for the development of innovative and advanced, but operative technologies to successfully address the challenges of water quality in the best interest of society and environment. It has become, therefore, obligatory to propose efficient photocatalysts and degradation methods which would efficiently detoxify contaminants from wastewater. Different environmental pollution degradation process has been discovered, but photocatalytic process is effective among all of them. In this process, different semiconductor-based photocatalysts have been used. But the incorporation of conductive polymers with semiconductor-based materials is a promising approach to increase the efficiency of the photocatalysts. The unique properties of conductive polymers such as mechanical strength, recyclability of conductive polymer, thermal/electrical conductivity and biodegradability have enabled them in numerous exciting and novel applications including light-emitting diode, chemical sensors, fuel cells, heat exchangers, batteries, biosensors, especially for the detoxification of pollutants. In this review article, the summary of treatment methods, challenges for the materials, nanomaterials and conductive heterogeneous polymers are discussed. The synergistic effect between nanomaterials and conductive polymers was observed to demonstrate their synthesis methods, structure and photocatalytic efficiency. The integration of conductive polymers may result in expressively better photocatalytic activity owing to extending the light absorption-range, inhibiting photo-corrosion, reducing formation of large-aggregates, by improving the separation of charge carriers and increasing the reactant's adsorption.


Combining high‐throughput experiments with machine learning accelerates materials and process optimization toward user‐specified target properties. In this study, a rapid machine learning‐driven automated flow mixing setup with a high‐throughput drop‐casting system is introduced for thin film preparation, followed by fast characterization of proxy optical and target electrical properties that completes one cycle of learning with 160 unique samples in a single day, a >10× improvement relative to quantified, manual‐controlled baseline. Regio‐regular poly‐3‐hexylthiophene is combined with various types of carbon nanotubes, to identify the optimum composition and synthesis conditions to realize electrical conductivities as high as state‐of‐the‐art 1000 S cm−1. The results are subsequently verified and explained using offline high‐fidelity experiments. Graph‐based model selection strategies with classical regression that optimize among multi‐fidelity noisy input‐output measurements are introduced. These strategies present a robust machine‐learning driven high‐throughput experimental scheme that can be effectively applied to understand, optimize, and design new materials and composites.


Introduction 1. The Uses of Literacy 2. A World of Wonders 3. The Meetinghouse 4. The Uses of Ritual 5. The Mental World of Samuel Afterword A Note on Book Ownership in Seventeenth-Century New England Acknowledgments Notes Index


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The prevalence of mineral metabolism abnormalities is almost universal in stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the presence of abnormalities in milder CKD is not well characterized.

DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
Data on adults > or =20 yr of age from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004 (N = 3949) were analyzed to determine the association between moderate declines in estimated GFR (eGFR), calculated using the Modfication of Diet in Renal Disease formula, and serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) > or = 70 pg/ml.

RESULTS
The geometric mean iPTH level was 39.3 pg/ml. The age-standardized prevalence of elevated iPTH was 8.2%, 19.3%, and 38.3% for participants with eGFR > or = 60, 45 to 59, and 30 to 44 ml/min/1.73 m(2), respectively (P-trend < 0.001). After adjustment for age; race/ethnicity; sex; menopausal status; education; income; cigarette smoking; alcohol consumption; body mass index; hypertension; diabetes mellitus; vitamin D supplement use; total calorie and calcium intake; and serum calcium, phosphorus, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels-and compared with their counterparts with an eGFR > or = 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)-the prevalence ratios of elevated iPTH were 2.30 and 4.69 for participants with an eGFR of 45 to 59 and 30 to 44 ml/min/1.73 m(2), respectively (P-trend < 0.001). Serum phosphorus > or = 4.2 mg/dl and 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 17.6 ng/ml were more common at lower eGFR levels. No association was present between lower eGFR and serum calcium < 9.4 mg/dl.

CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that elevated iPTH levels are common among patients with moderate CKD.


Abstract Criticism regarding the objectivity of photographic evidence when used during judicial hearings is beginning to emerge within the forensic and scientific literature. The second coronial inquest into the death of Romuald Todd Zak is a case that highlights the dangers of photographic evidence when inappropriately used to support forensic evidence. The Western Australian State Coroner, Alastair Hope, was highly critical of evidence presented by forensic experts during the second inquest. This article examines Hope's findings and discusses issues associated with the interpretation and representation of photographic evidence.


The main objective of this study was to conduct an investigation on the performance of organophilic clay as adsorbent in the oil/water separation process. The originality of this work is its focus on Brazilian clay. The gray organophilic clay was prepared from gray clay and quaternary ammonium salts. The samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, Differential Thermal and Thermogravimetric Analysis, Infrared Spectroscopy, Cation Exchange Capacity, Adsorption Capacity and the Foster Swelling test. The results indicated that the quaternary ammonium salts were intercalated between the layers of clay. A 22 factorial design was conducted with three central points in finite bath tests to determine the rate and capacity of oil removal by the organophilic clays. Values as high as 99.3 % of removal efficiency and 32.5 mg/g of removal capacity were reached in the assays, thus indicating that the use of organophilic clay has great potential in the oil/water separation process.


In this paper, we propose a framework to systematically analyze the structural form and thematic content of codes of ethics related to Information and Communication Technology (ICT codes of ethics). Then we apply this framework, within a sample of 30 organizations. Our purpose is to assess the organizational ethical positioning advocated by these ICT codes of ethics, using an adaptation of Kohlberg's cognitive moral development theory (CMD). Our results indicate that a majority of the organizations studied adopt an ICT code which refers to the conventional level of CMD. The implications of our study for research and practice are discussed.


The strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) usually uses coning compensation algorithms to eliminate the influence of coning error and increase the precision of attitude calculation. The algorithms could be designed from two ways usually. The first designing way bases on the minimal error theory and Borze's rotation vector. The second designing way bases on the double integral and Goodman-Robinson's finite rotations theory. The two-interval optimum algorithm and the two-interval correct algorithm designed from above two ways were deduced respectively. Then based on synthesizing the advantages of above two-interval algorithms, an accurate strapdown attitude algorithm was obtained. To validate the compensation precisions of above algorithms, some digital simulations were taken using computer. The results of digital simulations indicate that the compensation precision of improved strapdown attitude algorithm is significantly higher than that of two-interval optimum algorithm and two-interval correct algorithm.


The influence of a strong atomic polarizability on photodetachment processes is isolated. In a model study of ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ photodetachment near the $4{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, $4{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ levels of K, the polarizability (${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{4p}\ensuremath{\simeq}600{a}_{0}^{3}$) is shown to cause a striking energy dependence of the parameters which determine the cross section. This study extends the effective range theory of O'Malley, Spruch, and Rosenberg to a broader energy range and to multichannel systems. An appendix provides a derivation of the polarization potential (and correction terms) starting from the electron-atom close-coupling equations, showing some new features.


Production techniques of hydroquinone,such as oxidation of aniline,peroxidation of p-diisopropylbenzene,decomposition of bisphenol A and hydroxylation of phenol were reviewed.Hydroxylation of phenol showed good prospect because of its advantages of good product quality and no pollution.The properties and characteristics of these catalysts including inorganic acids,inorganic salts,molecular sieves,heteropoly compounds and composite metal oxides were analyzed and compared.It was found that iron-based composite catalyst represented the trends of development because of its low price and good properties.The research progress of the formation,removal and comprehensive utilization of tar,the development of reactors of different catalysts and high activity iron-based composite catalyst in continuous stirred tank reactor were introduced.


In the title compound, C14H12N4O2S, the triazole ring is nearly coplanar with the phenol unit, the dihedral angle being 6.60 (3)°. The crystal structure involves an intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond and intramolecular O—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.


Abstract : The properties of the binomial queue, a new data structure for implementing priority queues that can be efficiency merged are explored in detail. New methods of representing binomial queues are given which reduce the storage overhead of the structure and increase the efficiency of operations on it. One of these representations allows any element of an unknown priority queue to be deleted in log time, using only two pointers per element of the queue. A complete analysis of the average time for insertion into and deletion from a binomial queue is performed. This analysis is based on the result that the distribution obtained after repeated insertions and deletions.


Consider a primitive strongly regular graph <tex>$H$</tex>. In this work we establish some properties of the spectrum of <tex>$H$</tex> in the environment of a finite dimensional real Euclidean Jordan algebra associated to <tex>$H$</tex>. But, we needed to establish some conditions over the parameters that define <tex>$H$</tex>.


Methods disclosed facilitate the dynamic addition of language support for peripherals. In some embodiments, peripherals may read in language strings in a previously unsupported language from a data file and populate memory locations with the strings. The memory locations may be logically addressed using an index value associated with the previously unsupported language and identifier associated with the string. In some embodiments, the identifier associated with the string in the previously unsupported language may correspond to the identifier associated with a translated equivalent of the string in a language that is natively supported by the printer.


The argument that democratic states do not go to war with one another, better known by political scientists and international relations theorists as the democratic peace proposition, remains one of the most difficult to dispute phenomena in state's relations with one another. Immanuel Kant argued over two hundred years ago that three components were necessary in order for dyads to behave peacefully toward one another: institutionalized democracy, closely intertwined economies, and international organizations. In this thesis, I analyze a specific dyad, Armenia and Azerbaijan, which in the early 1990s, had a war over the territory of Nagorno Karabakh. A cease-fire was brokered in 1994; however, still in 2009 a political solution is far from being rendered. The thesis will begin with a brief introduction to the Nagorno Karabakh territorial dispute as well as a section on democratic peace literature and theory. In the main chapters, I will discuss each leg of the Kantian tripod for peace and the problems and possibilities in achieving each of these individual requirements in the Karabakh case. The paper will conclude by examining whether Armenia and Azerbaijan have a chance at realizing democracy. INDEX WORDS: Nagorno Karabakh, Democratic Peace Theory, Territorial Disputes, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Economic Interdependence, IGOs.


Weather effects on foldable domes, as used at the DOT and GREGOR, are investigated, in particular the correlation between the wind field and the stresses caused to both metal framework and tent clothing. Camera systems measure contactless the displacement of several dome points. The stresses follow from the measured deformation pattern. The cameras placed near the dome floor do not disturb telescope operations. In the set-ups of DOT and GREGOR, these cameras are up to 8 meters away from the measured points and must be able to detect displacements of less than 0.1 mm. The cameras have a FireWire (IEEE1394) interface to eliminate the need for frame grabbers. Each camera captures 15 images of 640 × 480 pixels per second. All data is processed on-site in real-time. In order to get the best estimate for the displacement within the constraints of available processing power, all image processing is done in Fourier-space, with all convolution operations being pre-computed once. A sub-pixel estimate of the peak of the correlation function is made. This enables to process the images of four cameras using only one commodity PC with a dual-core processor, and achieve an effective sensitivity of up to 0.01 mm. The deformation measurements are well correlated to the simultaneous wind measurements. The results are of high interest to upscaling the dome design (ELTs and solar telescopes).


What has been the impact of Women's and Gender Studies on men? While for many years, men assumed that Women's Studies has nothing to do with their lives, this essay argues that one of Women's Studies signal contributions has been to make gender visible to both women and men. The consequences of this invisibility are explored, and some of the promises and perils of Women's Studies when applied to men's lives are explored. Key words: Women's Studies, masculinities, gender.


AlGaAs/GaAs pnp narrow-base heterojunction bipolar transistors (NBHBTs) exhibiting low collector cut in voltages (0.25–0.3 V) and operation at collector current densities of > 1.5 × 104A/cm2 have been fabricated. Devices with a base width of 50 A and nominal base doping densities of 3, 6, and 9 × 1018cm−3 exhibit maximum common-emitter DC current gains of 105, 21 and 5, respectively.


This paper examined education for the world of work comparing Nigeria with other countries like USA, China and India. This was a theoretical survey carried out to showcase what happened in these countries over the years. Findings reveal a positive significant relationship between education and the world of works. Education conferred o the recipient skill acquisition for self reliance. Countries depended on their educated individuals for economic growth and development. Key words: education, world of work, U.S.A, China, India


Technology has a familiar function to busier people and the complexity live so making them
more likely to choose the more simple facilities to
complete they need, especially banking
sector
.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of independent variables
(compatibility,
trust and risk
) on the customer's decision to use mobile banking of Bank Jatim
in Surabaya as the dependent variabl
e either simultaneously or partially. Data collecting
method using questionnaire The statistical method used in this study is multiple regression
analysis using SPSS 20.0
.
The total number of samples used in the study 30 small samples
plus
74
large samples
.
Data analysis technique by multiple regression analysis.
The results of
this study show that variable
compatibility
has a most powerful significantly positive effect
on the Customer's decision to use Mobile Banking of Bank Jatim in Surabaya. Variable t
rust
has a significantly positive effect on the Customer's decision to use Mobile Banking of Bank
Jatim in Surabaya. On the other hand,
risk
variable has a significant negatively effect on the
Customer's decision to use Mobile Banking of Bank Jatim in S
urabaya. And compatibility,
trust and risk
has a significantly effect on the Customer's decision to use Mobile Banking of
Bank Jatim in Surabaya.

Keywords : compatibility, trust,risk, and decision to use.


The antidotal effect of bis-imidazolium oxime BDB-122 and quinuclidinium-imidazolium oxime BM-1 was tested in itnoxication with some carbamates and organophosphorus compounds (OPs). Their effectiveness was tested in vitro on human erythrocytes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and in vivo on mice. Each oxime applied together with atropine had good therapeutic effect in intoxication with carbamates (propoxur, carbaryl, RO-0683) and OPs (dichlorvos and soman). Oxime BDB-122 with atropine protected mice against 16.0 LD50 of propoxur, 2.0 LD50 of carbaryl, 8.0 LD50 of RO2/0683, 22.4 LD50 of dichlorvos, and 2.0 LD50 of soman, whereas oxime BM/1 with atropine yielded a 100 % survival of mice intoxicated with 16.0 LD50 of propxur, 2.5 LD50 of carbaryl, 20.0 LD50 of RO2-0683, 11.5 LD50 of dichlorvos, and 4.0 LD50 of soman. Good therapeutic effect of tested oximes in itnoxication with carbamates is especially interesting, because actually the drug of choice is atropine only.


Waardenburg syndrome is a hereditary disease with deafness and pigmentation abnormalities as the main manifestation. Because of its many pathogenic genes, and the mechanism of the interaction between the various pathogenic genes is very complicated, leading to a high heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, which causes great difficulties to the clinical classification of the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. This article focuses on describing the epidemiology, classification, clinical manifestations of the syndrome, in order to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease and scientific research.

Key words:
Waardenburg's Syndrome; Hearing Loss; Pigmentation Disorders


Phase behavior in polysulfone-carboxylated polysulfone (PSf-CPSf) blends [OPhC(CH 3 ) 2 PhOPh(R)SO 2 Ph] n was studied by glass transition observations in conjunction with enthalpy relaxation technique. Miscibility in all proportions was detected in blends where CPSf has a degree of carboxylation (DC, i.e. number of carboxyl groups per repeat unit) less than about 1-3. Partial miscibility was detected in blends for DC >1.4 and up to DC=1-9, probably as a result of decreasing intermolecular interactions with increase in DC


1 The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation under Grant number OCE-9505579 and OCE-9627160. The authors were members of the engineering and scientific staff of the 1996 Lucky Strike Cruise. Humphris and Fornari were the cruise chief scientists, and are with the WHOI Department of Geology and Geophysics. Van Dover is with the the West Coast National Undersea Research Center at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Bowen, Elder,Crook, Gleason, Howland, and Lerner are with the WHOI Deep Submergence Laboratory. Bachmayer is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University. Support for Bachmayer was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant number BES-9625143 held by Louis Whitcomb. WHOI contribution number XXXX. Abstract


1. Objectives This study was conducted to establish a standard and classify suitability in the treatment of speech impediment and limb impediment among the children with development disabilities using Oriental Medicine treatment on the ground of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 2. Methods 43 patients with pediatric development disabilities with speech impediment and 10 patients with pediatric development disabilities with limb impediment as the main symptoms had been chosen in this study. Oriental Medicine treatments on the ground of Sasang Constitutional Medicine were rendered and evaluated responses as well as pursuing most proper treatment methods. 3. Results & Conclusions 1) For pediatric development disabilities with speech impediment, Oriental Medicine treatment showed a significant effect on similarity of Autism and Cerebral Palsy, but insignificant effect on innate Autism. 2) For pediatric development disabilities with limb impediment, Bee venom was effective for severe limb impediment and limb asthenia, while as eight principles herbal acupuncture effective for mild limb impediment and spasticity. 3) Sasang Constitutional Medicine for treating speech impediment and limb impediment among the children with development disabilities showed general improvement as a fundamental healing through coordinating inner organ activities.


In this paper we study the variation of integration area under the polar coordinate transformation,and thus we propose a method to determine the repeated integral limit when the Cartesian coordinate system of the multiple integration is changed into polar coordinate system.


Through the identification of the risk factors affecting the total repurchase price in BT project of the urban rail transit, we obtain data by questionnaires and make cluster analysis on all risk variables.Then select the key risk factors that affect total repurchase price,which play a guiding role for controlling the total repurchase price in the BT project of urban rail transportation.


This paper examined attrition in primary schools in Nigeria with specific reference and focus on some policies and programmes of Nigeria's educational system with a view to highlighting its possible effect on the attainment of the Education for All (EFA) goals by 2015. It reviewed equal educational opportunity in relation to school environments that may be responsible for high pupil attrition or dropout, reasons for dropout, as well as the erstwhile Universal Primary Education (UPE) and how the sad experiences at implementation may recur in the current Universal Basic Education (UBE) without proper estimates of wastage indices like attrition rates among various cohorts. A major recommendation was that a data bank which captures the continuous flow of children from start to graduation be created for easy analyses of dropout or attrition rates in primary schools at any point in time. These estimates would be useful tools for educators in more effective and efficient management of the school system at this all important foundation level.

 Key words: Educational policies/programmes, Nigeria, attrition, primary schools.


OBJECTIVE
To observe and summarize the abnormal morphological appearance of nasal septum tail during adenoidectomies, and to have a preliminary study on its clinical significance.

METHOD
One hundred and eighty-three children were shown with abnormality on nasal septum tail in 2892 cases with adenoid hypertrophy who received adenoidectomies in our department.

RESULT
The abnormalities of nasal septum tail can be classified into two types: del tails and columnar ones. All children suffered from nasal septum tail received radiofrequency ablation and all had a good postoperative recovery.

CONCLUSION
The presence of these two types of nasal septum tail may be related to adenoid hypertrophy, adenoiditis, sinusitis, and some congenital malformations.


The intention of this article is to demonstrate the importance of defensive and military strategies of the Spanish Crown in the 16th and 17th centuries against the foreign incursion in different regions of the Wider Caribbean. Through the text, you can see that the Habsburgs considered its overseas colonies of the first and second order inside a defensive policy to protect colonial, expansionist and commercial interests. The example of the Kingdom of Guatemala is a presentation, how confronting foreign threats in a region considered by the Royal authorities of the second order, but also as the geopolitical situation of the area influenced of the changes of this defensive policy during the 18th-century. It should be noted that in this work were used the historical sources from the General Archive of the West Indies (Seville, Spain) and the General Archive of Central America (Guatemala, Guatemala), as well as manuscripts of the epoch and the secondary bibliography.


1. Kim JS, Ko JS, Bang S, Kim H, Lee SY. Cervical plexus block. Korean J Anesthesiol 2018;7:274‐88. 2. Hakim TA, Shah AA, Teli Z, Farooq S, Kosar S, Younis M. The safety and effectiveness of superficial cervical plexus block in oral and maxillofacial surgery as an alternative to general anesthesia in selective cases: A clinical study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2019;18:23‐9. 3. Mukhopadhyay S, Niyogi M, Dutta M, Ray R, Gayen GC, Mukherjee M, et al. Bilateral superficial cervical plexus block with or without low‐dose intravenous ketamine analgesia: effective, simple, safe, and cheap alternative to conventional general anesthesia for selected neck surgeries. Local Reg Anesth 2012;5:1‐7. 4. Pehora C, Pearson AM, Kaushal A, Crawford MW, Johnston B. Dexamethasone as an adjuvant to peripheral nerve block. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;11:CD011770.


Abstract: Within translation studies, there remains a certain amount of unnecessary discord concerning the use of the equivalence concept and its relevance for translation theory. In the interest of better understanding the various points of view, it seems helpful to consider different perspectives on this concept in light of the varying philosophical assumptions on which they are based. Analogies between the equivalence concept and a concept of scientific knowledge as it is and has been studied within the philosophy of science are highly informative in pointing out the philosophical issues involved in equivalence, translation, and knowledge. Rather than dismissing the concept as ill-defined or imprecise, it is in the interest of the field of translation studies to consider the origins and manifestations of this 'imprecision ' in order that we may be better informed and less inclined towards theoretical antagonism.Resume: Les etudes de traduction adoptent, quant a l'importance theorique et quant a l'usage du concept d'equivalence, des points de vue inutilement divergents. Afin de mieux comprendre ces derniers, il parait salutaire de les eclairer a la lumiere des hypotheses philosophiques qui les etayent. L'observation d'analogies entre le concept d'equivalence et celui de la cognition scientifique mis en oeuvre en philosophie des sciences conduit a la decouverte de problemes philosophiques communs a l'equivalence, la traduction ou la cognition. Au lieu d'ecarter le concept d'equivalence comme etant mal defini ou imprecis, il conviendrait d'examiner les origines et modalites de cette imprecision dans le but de mieux informer et de prevenir ainsi les antagonismes theoriques.


A lesson that can be drawn from a discussion on textbooks and educational development is that in designing a textbook project, it is important to take into consideration the resource availability, curriculum requirements, the levels of teacher professionalism, and the availability and utilization of textbooks and other instructional materials. Once minimum teacher training, basic instructional materials, and basic disciplines and supervision structures have been put in place, some diversity in instructional techniques can be introduced. Textbooks and teachers' guides are the essential instruments to help teachers overcome their uncertainty and become more confident in their subject mastery and classroom management. At this point the teachers can be given more latitude to adapt syllabi to accommodate the diverse needs of pupils. At this stage there is also a growing demand for more diversified instructional materials and textbooks. To maximize the contribution textbooks can make in the improvement of instructional quality, they must be designed to fit the specific conditions prevailing in each country. Fortunately, textbooks represent a highly flexible educational technology and they can be adapted to fit the financial possibilities and instructional needs of countries at different levels of development.