To investigate the effects of solasodine hydrochloride (SBHL) on tumor growth and its anti-tumor immune response mechanisms. Methods: S180, tumor-bearing mice were treated by intraperitoneal injection of SBHL [10, 30, 50 mg / (kg.d)], after a continuous injection of 14 days, tumor growth and the effects of SBHL on immune functions were observed. Results : SBHL significantly inhibited the growth of S180 sarcoma, positively regulated the inhibited immune function of S180, also promoted the lymphocyte proliferation and increased IL-2 production capacity and enhanced NK and LAK cell activity. Conclusion : These results suggested that SBHL can inhibit tumor growth; the immune enhancement effects of SBHL may exert its anti-tumor effects of an important way.


In this paper, we consider the downlink of a massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) single user transmission system operating in the millimeter wave outdoor narrowband channel environment. We propose a novel receive spatial modulation architecture aimed to reduce the power consumption at the user terminal, while attaining a significant spectral efficiency and low bit error rate. The energy consumption reduction is obtained through the use of analog devices(amplitude detector), which reduces the number of radio frequency chains and analog-to-digital-converters (ADCs). The base station transmits spatial and modulation symbols per channel use. We show that the optimal spatial symbol detector is a threshold detector that can be implemented by using one bit ADC. We derive closed form expressions for the detection threshold at different signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regions. We derive expressions for the average bit error probability in the presence and absence of the threshold estimation error showing that a small number of pilot symbolsis needed. A performance comparison is done between the proposed system and fully digital MIMO showing that a suitable constellation selection can reduce the performance gap.


The phenomenon of job-waiting for college students is due to a wide range of factors.The constant expansion of higher education results in the total unemployment of college students.Economic growth offers not enough jobs for students;meanwhile,the college personnel training does not meet the economic and social development,causing the structural unemployment.The labor market does not conform to the supply and demand information,leading to the cyclical unemployment.And the voluntary unemployment results from the labor market segmentation,unperfect social security system and unreasonable college students' employment expectation.It is a complex system to promote the employment of college students.It needs the cooperation of the government,colleges,the society and graduates,among which the government and colleges should have more responsibilities.


A 42 year male old patient admitted with symptoms of septic arthritis after a penetrating knee trauma. He underwent arthroscopic decompression with joint irrigation and a rare microorganism "Pantoea Agglomerans" was found as the causative agent.


The criminal conduct and mental elements are two components required for establishing a criminal conviction. The question arises, however, how these two components ought to be applied to the complicated and sophisticated process such as money laundering. It is demonstrated that money laundering crime may be conducted by, through, or under the cover of corporate entities raising difficult issues over the proof of these two components. This article applies an analytical approach on how theoretical studies and court practices encounter these problems. This article then argues the interest of developing models and theories use to justify imposing criminal liability of money laundering on individuals as well as corporations. Three models of corporate liability that were elaborated in this article are adaptation or imitation model, aggregation or collective knowledge model, and the faulty organization model.


This guide explains the differences between primary and secondary sources, including how to identify them, the different formats, and finding them.


Monitoring the environmental performance of a product is recognised to be increasingly important. The stakeholders are pressuring the manufacturers for improved information about the environmental burden caused by the manufacturing of a product. However, there are problems to accurately quantify the environmental burden of an individual product because the supply chains are dynamic. In this paper we present a model that enables calculating and monitoring the environmental performance of products at an item level in a dynamic supply chain and performing multidimensional analysis of environmental data.


Esra Akcan Open Architecture: Migration, Citizenship, and the Urban Renewal of Berlin-Kreuzberg by IBA 1984/87 Basel: Birkhauser, 2018, 416 pp., illus. $90 (cloth), ISBN 9783035613742

Researching the International Building Exhibition of 1987 in West Berlin, usually referred to by its German acronym, IBA, is a challenge. The municipally sponsored event that bolstered Berlin's "return to the inner city" kick-started postmodern architecture in Germany and focused international media attention on West Berlin for nearly a decade. It generated not only scores of residential buildings but also mountainous archives and a flurry of publications by the organizers, some of which are considerably biased. Analyzing these traces from an independent perspective is as hard as giving voice to the inhabitants of the newly erected and renovated buildings, who are usually left out of the picture. With both of these challenges, Esra Akcan does a fabulous job.

The merit of her book lies in its combination of familiar and unfamiliar perspectives. Akcan provides a well-researched account of the IBA's history, as well as a balanced critique of the works of many well-known architects connected with the event, including Aldo Rossi, Josef Paul Kleihues, Rob Krier, John Hejduk, Peter Eisenman, Oswald Mathias Ungers, and Alvaro Siza. She also highlights the contributions of many lesser-known architects and activists, such as Cihan Arin, Bahri Dulec, and Heide Moldenhauer. Focusing on West Berlin's Kreuzberg district, the IBA's main area of activity, she discusses the genesis of postmodern architecture as well as the different solutions for inner-city living that were developed during the 1970s and 1980s.

Most important, Akcan also offers "alternative histories." She complements her archival research with an impressive number of interviews with residents, most of them immigrants from Turkey, whom she met by "ringing the bell of almost every door in Kreuzberg" (37). The book is thus a unique product of the author's fluency in both Turkish and German, her intimate knowledge of architectural discourse, and her persistent fieldwork over …


Japanese Intensive Reading is a major basic course for Japanese majors.It lays a good foundation for Japanese majors to learn other Japanese courses,serves as the guide to Japanese culture and shoulders the responsibility to foster students' ability of cross-cultural communication.However,the traditional teaching mode fails to arouse students' interest in learning and cannot achieve expected teaching effects.This paper argues that Japanese Intensive Reading teaching can be inproved by arousing students' interest in learning and stimulating their sense of participation.


Overseas Decloedt & Fils S.A., Brussels, Belgium, has utilized computers and electronics to optimize various types of dredging. Its high-tech survey system, Navitracker, enables continuous in-situ measurement of sediment density for monitoring maintenance dredging and for determining the navigable depth in muddy areas such as estuaries or other harbor access channels. Dredging is monitored by several innovative instruments such as the company's videoplotter and Suction Tube Position Monitors. These optimization systems are described in the context of their use during the extension of the new Outer and Inner Harbor of Zeebrugge, Belgium.


Azatyrosine [L‐sβ‐(5‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridyl)‐alanine], an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces chibanensis, inhibited the growth of NIH 3T3 cells transformed by the activated human c‐Ha‐ras gene but did not significantly inhibit the growth of normal NIH 3T3 cells. Surprisingly, upon treatment with azatyrosine most of the transformed cells apparently became normal. These apparently normal cells, named revertant cells, grew in the presence of azatyrosine and stopped growing when they reached confluency, and their normal phenotype persisted during prolonged culture in the absence of azatyrosine. The revertant cells did not grow in soft agar and scarcely proliferated in nude mice.


This paper presents the application of an optimization method to conceptual designs of fully reusable TSTO (Two-Stage-To-Orbit) spaceplanes. TSTO spaceplane is under consideration for the future space transportation vehicle Japan aims to develop and realize in the near future. Technical fields for vehicle designs in this paper are aerodynamic analysis, engine analysis, weight analysis, and trajectory analysis, which are integrated and optimized simultaneously by an optimization method proposed herein. A payload weight is defined as an index of the feasibility of spaceplanes, and the best shape and trajectories maximizing the payload weight are indicated. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed numerical methods and necessity of the further weight reduction to realize future space transportation vehicles.


A method for the determination of dicyandiamide in milk was developed by syncore analyst/ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(SA-UPLC-MS-MS).Deuterium substituted reagents were used as internal standards and added to the sample before extraction.The mixture was extracted with aminated acetonitrile,concentrated with syncore analyst,and cleaned up by hexane.The mass spectrometer was operated in the positive ion mode using select reaction monitoring for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dicyandiamide.The limit of detection(LOD) for dicyandiamide were 10 μg/kg,and limit of quantitation(LOQ) were 50 μg/kg.The correlation coefficient of the linear calibration curve was over 0.990 within the dicyandiamide concentration range 10–1000 ng/mL.The average recoveries for dicyandiamide were 99.6% to 102.3%(n = 6).The proposed method is simple,rapid,reliable,stable and sensitive.It can meet the requirements for the determination of dicyandiamide in milk.


This article is based on field notes from the author's first independent ethnographic research, conducted in 1989–1991 in Sudan. Reflecting on the path that led him to anthropology during the last decade of the Polish People's Republic, just before the politicaltransformation in Poland, he revisits his first ethnographic experience in the field, during student expeditions to Africa, focusing in particular on his long doctoral fieldworkin Sudan, spanning a year and a half. Examined years later, the text reveals facts, now salient but which then seemed obvious, or, for some reason, were not to be mentioned.The goal is to provide some insights into the history of Polish ethnography during the communist period.


In the era of globalization, with increasing migration, the coherent power of music is promoted in a way and as a means of maintaining its own tradition. Motivated by modern living that is characterized by the dominance of global culture in all its forms of technical and technological achievements, we have explored in the recent years the trend in the musical tradition and the modern tendencies in the educational system. In the Republic of Macedonia, which is a multiethnic country, music in the field of education is represented by all institutional, as well as many noninstitutional forms such as CAS-es (cultural artistic societies). We decided to observe the role of music education in maintaining the musical tradition of the Albanian population. Research in 2012 carried out in Skopje included basic educational institutions teaching in the Albanian language and the CAS-es. According to the field information, musical tradition is represented in the schools through a segment of curriculum in the subject––Music Education. All four CAS-es that are very active in Skopje are confirmed as the main nuclei in the cultivation of folk musical heritage that is realized through instrumental, vocal, and dance sections. Their common characteristics are essential for the usage of traditional instruments and performance of traditional music and dance repertoire specific to the local community. Public musical performances that are held in the country and abroad are particularly important for the dissemination of musical tradition given the continuous flow of the process of its modification as a result of accommodating the imported music culture.
Keywords: Music education, Music tradition, Dissemination, Modern education.


A new kind of dopamine containing tissue adhesive was obtained by melt polycondensation of citric acid,1,8-octadiol and dopamine using NaIO4 as curing agent.The optimal reaction time and dopamine loading were explored.The structure and adhesive strength were characterized using GPC,FT-IR,1 H-NMR,UV-Vis and lap shear strength test.Results showed that the bioadhesive with better adhesive strength(99.3kPa)was obtained when the reaction time was 105 min and the feeding mole ratio of citric acid,1,8-octanediol and dopamine was 1.1:1.0:0.5,which was 40% of adhesive strength of commercialα-cyanoacrylate adhesive.


A rock fall prevention fence of a railroad line is provided to absorb an impact caused by falling rocks, to prevent the entry of falling rocks to a railroad line by guiding falling rocks to be gathered in the lower part, to extend the service life of a fence and to cut off the transfer of noise from railway vehicles. A rock fall prevention fence of a railroad line for preventing the entry of falling rocks to a railroad line comprises I-shaped posts(10) installed to the outside of a railroad line at regular intervals, many flat panels(20) installed to the upper and lower parts among the posts and composed of a case, a sound insulation member and a cover to absorb noise of railway vehicles into the sound insulation member via through holes of the case and the cover, many projecting panels(30) installed to the center among the posts and composed of a case, a sound insulation member and a cover to heighten sound absorbing efficiency, an upper frame(40) installed to the uppermost end among the posts, many guide plates(50) hinged to the upper side of the projecting panels and installed to be movable, a pair of elastic bands(60) installed to two front parts of the guide plates to supply elastic force at the movement of the guide plates, and a lower guide(70) installed to the front of a flange(11) of each post to install many rods to the lower front parts among the posts horizontally to cut off the falling stones dropped to the lower part of the guide plates and to gather the dropped stones to the lower part of the lower guide.


This paper presents a preliminary work based on the idea of offloading part of the traffic carried by a wireless multi-hop backbone on the lamp posts on a urban street to improve its throughput. Under some circumstances one or more nodes of the backbone may be congested, this could lead to packet losses. In order to overcome this situations, the backbone may decide to offload part of its traffic to the mobile nodes on the street (pedestrians and vehicles). These nodes form a Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) that delivers the offloaded data to the sink. Within this paper we characterise advances that the DTN offload brings to the performance of such a system under different operational conditions.


In this work, a one-dimensional analytical model to calculate the quantum efficiency in back-junction solar cells with and without a high-low junction on the front side is presented. The analytical model, based on the reciprocity theorem for charge collection, is compared with numerical device simulations taking into account the influence of high-injection effects. Using the analytical model, the influence of base doping concentration and surface recombination velocity on the internal quantum efficiency of a n-type back-junction solar cell is analyzed.


The importance of information as source of knowledge for the marketing process is shown, as well as the structure and components of a marketing information system. The article emphasizes the market research describing its characteristics and the methodology for working up a project.


(Note: With the exception of the correction of typographical or spelling errors that could be a source of ambiguity, letters and reports are not edited. The original formatting of letters and referee reports may not be reflected in this compilation.) Thank you for submitting your manuscript to the EMBO Journal. Your study has now been seen by two referees and their comments are provided below. As you can see both referees find the analysis interesting and are supportive of publication here. However they also both indicate that that the analysis needs to be extended in order to consider publication here. Should you be able to address the raised concerns then we would consider a revised manuscript. I should add that it is EMBO Journal policy to allow one major round of revision only and that it is therefore important to address the raised concerns at this stage. When preparing your letter of response to the referees' comments, please bear in mind that this will form part of the Review Process File, and will therefore be available online to the community. For more details on our Transparent Editorial Process, please visit our website: We generally allow three months as standard revision time. As a matter of policy, competing manuscripts published during this period will not negatively impact on our assessment of the conceptual advance presented by your study. However, we request that you contact the editor as soon as possible upon publication of any related work, to discuss how to proceed. Should you foresee a problem in meeting this three-month deadline, please let us know in advance and we may be able to grant an extension. Thank you for the opportunity to consider your work for publication. I look forward to your revision.


In case of laminated glass strips, the mechanical characteristics of the composite element are different from the values that are obtained for the same element from a homogeneous and isotropic material. The experimental tests presented in the paper aims to determine the mechanical characteristics of laminated glass strips used to make a staircase. For the experiment, quasi-static and dynamic tests were conducted on different glass stair steps, made from normal and tempered glass, with different number and thicknesses glass sheets. The paper presents the carrying out conditions for the experiments, the synthesis of data processing and comments on the experimental results. Experimental test results led to the constructive solution of the glass staircase steps. For staircase building up, tempered glass was chosen and the values obtained for the mechanical properties, strength and deformation capacity of the system were used in its design. Whole set of experimental tests led to a successful design and build-up of the glass staircase.


The aim of this poster is to investigate the effects that cover crop species and their residues may have on weed community composition in a winter cover crop-tomato sequence. Experiments were carried out at the experimental farm of Tuscia University from 2011 to 2013. The treatments consisted in:
(i) 5 soil managements [three winter cover crop species (hairy vetch, phacelia, and white mustard), a winter fallow soil mulched with barley straw before tomato transplanting, and a winter fallow tilled before tomato transplanting (conventional)};
(ii) 2 levels of nitrogen fertilization applied on tomato [0 kg of N ha-1 (N0) and 100 kg of N ha-1 (N100)];
(iii) 2 levels of weed management applied on tomato [weed-free (WF) and weedy (We)].
Cover crop residues were arranged in strips and tomato seedlings were transplanted in paired rows into the mulch strips. In the weedy treatments the weeds were controlled with a rotary hoe only between the tomato paired rows. Weed species density and weed aboveground biomass were determined at cover crop suppression and at tomato harvesting.


Summary form only given. In the past, the output of iron and steel has been a measure of the strength and the level of development of a country. Now, in the information age, the strength and development level of a country is its output of magnetic materials. The living level of each country is measured by the consumed magnetic material cost per capita of the country.


Of the various models proposed and used for analyzing and synthesizing musical sound, additive synthesis is one of the oldest and best understood. In recent years, time-variant Fourier methods implemented as computer programs have made it possible to analyze digitally a large variety of tones from traditional musical instruments. Such research has led to a better understanding of the physical and perceptual nature of musical sound as well as improvements in techniques for digital sound synthesis. The heterodyne filter (Moorer 1973) and the phase vocoder (Portnoff 1976; Moorer 1978) provide time-varying amplitude and frequency functions for each harmonic of a tone being analyzed. This quickly leads to an almost unmanageable increase in the amount of data used to represent the original tone. The question of reducing the amount of data without sacrificing tone quality is thus of potential interest to hardware and software designers as well as musicians and psychoacousticians.


Music technology has become a recognized subject area in its own right. There is no doubt that technology has become increasingly prevalent in schools all over the world and that there are still many exciting developments in this area on the horizon. The benefits of using ICT in the educational process reside both in the manifold instruction opportunities it offers and in the transformation of relationships among learners, teachers and the learning equipment. Inside the European Prelude project, a Music Education Consortium formed by 7 Countries ( Greece, Austria, Estonia, UK, Sweden, Spain and Romania ) conducted an investigation on the ways of effectively integrating ICT in music education through the creation of a common pool of tools and applications for music education. The Prelude project is designed to address the educational needs by employing upto-date findings from the fields of music education, computer and web based applications. Teachers are crucial to the successful use of ICT. They should be required and positively encouraged to assume new roles and responsibilities if ICT is to be effectively applied to enhance teaching and learning quality. Initial teacher education for all teachers should include compulsory ICT training to an adequate level of competences and skills. The main focus for teachers should relate to developing ways of fully and appropriately integrating ICT use into their existing teaching/learning programs and in particular within that, to developing ways of optimizing the level of cognitive/creative challenge involved in the students' use of ICT and devising appropriate and valid methods for assessing or evaluating student achievements as demonstrated during the course of such use. There is a consensus that the effective and widespread use of information and communication technology has great potential in enhancing learning opportunities and learning quality.


Family support is widely accepted as a critical component of successful early intervention. The effectiveness of family support can be enhanced when Deaf and hard of hearing professionals are involved in every aspect of the development and delivery of services. Families and professionals who embed Deaf and hard of hearing adults in their multi-disciplinary teams can gain a unique perspective and awareness as everyone works to support the child?s growth and development. The examples given will be drawn from the findings of past research as well as from real life experience as a practitioner. The data from the Deaf Role Models project in the UK, including the impact on those deaf people employed as role models, will be discussed. Understanding the importance of involvement from Deaf and hard of hearing people in working with deaf children and their families will be valuable to families as well as to those professionals working with them.


The literature on small group problem solving provides strong support for the proposition that social interaction has a detrimental effect on idea generation by group members. The present investigation, like previous research, found that "real" groups vocalized fewer total ideas and fewer good ideas when they were required to "think out loud" than did individuals formed into "nominal" groups. However, when idea generation was measured by written performance, immediately after the vocalization task, the two kinds of "groups" were virtually identical. Results of the study suggest that social interaction does not have a detrimental effect on the ideational resources potentially generated by a small group.


The present paper describes the outcome evaluation of a hospital-based treatment programme for chronic 'skid-row'xs alcoholics. Patients who had been detoxified were randomly assigned either to the Alcoholism Treatment Programme or to a comparison facility elsewhere in the community. A 34-item questionnaire was administered prior to assignment to treatment, and parallel forms of the questionnaire were administered at 5, 10 and 15 month intervals following discharge from treatment. The techniques of data reduction and analysis are described, and the results of these analyses reported. The use of the results obtained to direct systematic programme development is described.


Synthesis of highly luminescent carbon dots (CDs) from waste materials gains much attention in the current scenario. We have converted waste expanded polystyrene (EPS), a nonbiodegradable environmental pollutant, into multifunctionalized fluorescent CDs. This can be a good scaling up approach for the large-scale synthesis of nitrogen-doped CDs with a high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of ∼20%. The as prepared CDs exhibit excellent water solubility and a longer PL lifetime (in nanoseconds). They also possess excellent photostability, low cytotoxicity, and stable luminescence QY in different solution environments. Selective and sensitive detection of Au3+ ions is demonstrated using these CDs as fluorescence probes, and a LOD of 53 nM is achieved. A detailed investigation revealed that the observed PL quenching is due to "coordination-induced aggregation caused PL quenching" mechanism.


algorithm of implementation of component accounting on the terms of international standards. Abstract The method of component accounting of fixed assets should be used by enterprises that, in the course of their business activities, operate high-value objects, which often require major repairs. This type includes enterprises operating in the following areas: heavy machinery, aircraft, housing and communal services, agriculture, transportation by trucks and others. The purpose of the article is to improve the organizational and methodological bases of the use of component accounting of fixed assets in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards. If the enterprise, after analyzing the feasibility of using this method, still makes the decision to introduce the component accounting of fixed assets in the conditions of international financial reporting standards, the authors propose to act in the order described in the article below. stages of transition to component accounting of fixed assets under the conditions of international financial reporting standards were prepared: preparation for transition to component accounting, allocation of new assets of fixed assets, allocation of cost of components, choice of method of accrual of depreciation charges, organization of information circulation, further accounting. The stages of implementation of component accounting of fixed assets have been supplemented and systematized by the authors in this algorithm, taking into account all the parameters and conditions that must be fulfilled in this process. Due to the lack of scientific and practical literature and tax base, Ukrainian enterprises do not use component accounting of fixed assets, losing accuracy of depreciation


We report on recent work on the properties of optical light bullets propagating in 2 dimensional fiber arrays under very general configurations, including arrays having parity-time (PT)-symmetric loss-gain profiles.


The performance condition of public transportation services in Salatiga City does have an average rating of still good, but it still has classic problems such as there is no passenger stop, public transportation takes a long time to catch up on deposits, and passengers do not know the fare per kilometer that must be paid. These conditions encourage research activities in the form of an analysis of the performance of public transport passengers in Salatiga City (Case Study of the Tamansari – Blotongan Route). The long-term goal of this research is that the resulting analysis can contribute to stakeholders in Salatiga City, especially in terms of (public transport) towards smart transportation. The specific target to be achieved from the research is the analysis and modeling of the performance of passenger public transport services that will be carried out in Salatiga City, in the form of field surveys and secondary data collection, namely: number of vehicles, number of passengers and data in the form of public transport routes: routes, schedules, speeds and Primary forms are: boarding alighting (up and down passengers) and headway (distance between two public transport vehicles). The analytical method used is the analysis and modeling of the performance of passenger public transportation services in accordance with Government Regulation No. 10 of 2012 Directorate General of Land Transportation concerning Minimum Service Standards for Road-Based Mass Transportation. The results showed that the physical condition of the passenger fleet of Salatiga City on the Tamansari - Blotongan PP route was classified as suitable for use. There are a total of 90 fleets that are sufficient for the needs of Salatiga City public transport passengers who want to travel by means of transportation. The results of the performance analysis based on various indicators show that the performance quality of public transportation services in Salatiga City has met the standards set by the Directorate General of Land Transportation. It can be seen from the results of the load factor analysis with a value of 0.72, the value is included in category A, namely > 0.8. For the level of satisfaction and level of performance, most of the indicators have met the satisfaction of public transport passengers in Salatiga City, so it is sufficient to maintain it. However, there are indicators of waiting times for public transportation that need to be improved.


Based on the traditional hydraulic recloser,an electronic recloser is introduced to improve distribution feeder reliability. It consists of three single-phase reclosers and possesses three operation modes. The operation modes are analyzed,as well as the operation sequences in different fault types,fault durations and fault currents. Lots of experimental data of recloser operation are presented. Reliability indices of SAIFI(System Average Interruption Frequency Index) and MAIFI(Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index) in three operation modes are calculated to evaluate the feeder reliability. Results show that the triple single-phase recloser improves distribution system reliability.


when the airlines passed their cost-savings from the new jet planes on to their passengers in reduced fares, youth fares, and low-cost charter group excursions. The fast jet planes soon made the ocean liner obsolete except for cruises and set the pattern for the 8to 21-day excursion trips that built thousands of hotel rooms around the world. Similarly, the jet plane coupled with the speedy new turnpikes sounded the death knell for U.S. passenger trains. Until the American dollar was devalued in August 1971, it was often cheaper, not to mention more enticing, for a New Yorker to fly with a charter group to ski in Switzerland or Austria than to ski in Vermont


The purpose of this study is to estimate the dependence between the inflation, given by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), in part of the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries with the CPI observed in the Euro Monetary Zone (EMZ) countries. To achieve this goal, we adopted the empirical methodology of Copulas, which was used in the analysis of the CPI, in bivariate models context. The results were controlled by the countries which adopted fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes. They suggest that the CPI in the sampled countries which adopted fixed exchange rate regimes, as Sao Tome and Principe, Benin, the countries of the West African Economic and the Monetary Union (WAEMU), Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast and Togo had more significant dependence relationship with the Euro. On the other hand, the countries which adopted flexible exchange rate regimes as Cape Verde, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Senegal and Togo presented dependence on upper tail of the distribution, i.e., for the periods of increasing in the CPI. Maybe, it means that those countries had inelastic demands for tradable goods coming from the EMZ countries. We conclude that the imported inflation is an important issue to be considered by the policy makers of developing countries such as the studied, mainly for those which adopted fixed regimes, eventually change to flexible exchange regimes.


A simple analytical model is presented to predict the ultimate punching shear strength of slab-column connections made with steel fiber concrete. The model is based on the physical behavior of the connection under load, and is therefore applicable to both lightweight and normal weight concrete as well as to concrete without fibers. The model assumes that punching is a form of shearing without concrete crushing, and occurs when the tensile splitting strength of the concrete is exceeded. The theory is applied to predict the ultimate punching shear strength of forty seven slab-column connections tested by the authors and other researchers over a period of several years and designed to fail in shear, involving a wide range of fiber variables, concrete strength, tension steel ratio and loaded area. The results show very good agreement between the predicted and experimental values. The uniqueness of the model is that it incorporates many physical characteristics of the slabs and their failure behavior.


Summary The transport of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose was studied in 20-cm segments of upper jejunum removed with an intact circulation from the animal and perfused extracorporeally. Intestinal preparations from alloxanized animals had a significantly higher percentage minute absorption of the substrate. Insulin failed to modify the transport rate in both the control and the alloxantreated animals. However, insulin stimulation of transport was observed in experiments carried out in a group of rats where diabetes was induced by anti-insulin serum.


This article reports on a study of a small group of social workers who are or have been coordinators of health-based sexual assault services in New South Wales, Australia. What does working in this area of practice mean for these women? How has being daily witnesses to sexual assault affected their lives professionally and personally? This article aims to give voice to and thereby gain some understanding of these workers' experiences.


This paper presented an experimental and numerical study of the flow behavior in electromagnetic valve. The experimental study had found that the experiment data of the flow rate was always greater than the idealize value. So the numerical simulation of the electromagnetic valve of the nozzle had been done in the paper to study the dynamic changing character of pressure and flow rate. The result showed that one of the reasons that induced the difference between the experimental result and calculation value was that the sudden decrease of the flow rate to the zero was on the time when the valve had been closed, while the flow rate quickly rise to the maxim value when the valve started to open, while the change of the outlet pressure would be in a moment. A complex vortex process of the forming, developing and transporting was been found during process of the valvepsila opening and closing, which would affect the atomization.


Recent research has provided some explanation for the metabolic disturbances linking calcium deficiency to the etiology of high blood pressure. Since these abnormalities are complex and may involve multiple mineral influence as well as calcium regulating hormones, the exact mechanisms remain obscure. Although epidemiological data indicate that lower intakes of calcium are directly related to higher blood pressures, proposals to treat hypertension with calcium intakes in excess of the current U.S. RDA cannot be scientifically supported.


Dynamic <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex></formula>-times anonymous authentication (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex></formula>-TAA) schemes allow members of a group to be authenticated anonymously by application providers for a bounded number of times, where application providers can independently and dynamically grant or revoke access right to members in their own group. In this paper, we construct a dynamic <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex></formula>-TAA scheme with space and time complexities of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$O(\log (k))$</tex></formula> and a variant, in which the authentication protocol only requires constant time and space complexities at the cost of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$O(k)$</tex> </formula>-sized public key. We also describe some tradeoff issues between different system characteristics. We detail all the zero-knowledge proof-of-knowledge protocols involved and show that our construction is secure in the random oracle model under the <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$q$</tex></formula>-strong Diffie–Hellman assumption and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$q$</tex></formula>-decisional Diffie–Hellman inversion assumption. We provide a proof-of-concept implementation, experiment on its performance, and show that our scheme is practical.


ABSTRACT AN investigation was undertaken of a silage distributor for vertical silos. The distributor consists of both a slowly rotating inclined plate and a rapidly rotating horizontal table or impeller. Experimental observations were carried out both in the laboratory and at a silo. The aim of the investigation was to study this type of distributor in order to understand its operation, to define why some farmers find it unsuitable, and to determine how the performance of the distributor can be improved. Results show reasonable agreement between theory and practice. A redesign of the impeller which improves its performance is also discussed.


New visible-light-sensitive hierarchical Bi4V2O11 hollow microspheres have been successfully synthesized by a facile template-free solvothermal route. The hierarchical Bi4V2O11 superstructure was constructed of single-crystalline nanoplates with a porous surface. A possible growth pattern and formation mechanism of hierarchical Bi4V2O11 hollow microspheres was proposed. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of the hollow sample was 84.613 m2 g−1, which was much higher than other prepared Bi4V2O11 powders. The hierarchical Bi4V2O11 hollow microspheres exhibited excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine-B (RhB). The improved photocatalytic performance could be ascribed to the high specific surface area, the narrow band gap and unique hierarchical hollow structure. The resulting hierarchical Bi4V2O11 hollow microspheres are very promising photocatalysts for degrading organic pollutants and other applications.


Clinical Gerontologist strives to support and celebrate the work of early career scholars through constructive review of their work and through our annual student award. We begin this issue with an important review by a new and emerging professional and mentor. In a review of 45 studies focusing on the role of activity personalization in nursing home residents, Shryock and Meeks find strong support for individually tailored activities for enhancing well-being (Shryock & Meeks, 2020). A second innovative review focuses specifically on the application of the "knowledge to action" framework to behavioral medicine interventions for chronic diseases in six studies (Boscart et al., 2020). Clinical Gerontologist also seeks to elevate work which addresses diverse populations. Our final review in this issue addresses the needs of LGBTQ residents in long-term care, integrating the findings of 20 studies (Fasullo, McIntosh, Buchholz, Ruppar, & Ailey, 2021). Mental health following transition to long term care is a critical concern, as evidenced by high rates of depression and anxiety at admission and over time in residents admitted to 42 nursing homes (Davison, McCabe, Busija, Martin, & Graham, 2021). Such findings, consistent with prior work, point to the ongoing need for behavioral health programs to facilitate adjustment and mental health. The Program to Enhance Adjustment to Residential Living (PEARL) is a five-session intervention designed to improve behavioral health in residents newly admitted to long-term care. In a cluster randomized trial of 219 newly admitted residents, PEARL helped adjustment, quality of life, and anxiety at six months (Davison, McCabe, Busija, & Graham, 2022); previous work demonstrated PEARL's impact on depressive symptoms (Davison et al., 2021). Not only are nursing home transitions hard for residents, but they can also be hard for family members. The Residential Care Transition Module (RCTM) targets spouses after their family member moves to a nursing home. Results of a pilot randomized trial found promising effects of RCTM for reducing stress, depression and the experience of "hassles" in spouses (Brooks, Beattie, Edwards, Fielding, & Gaugler, 2021). Prior to relocation, it may be helpful to maximize decisional control to mediating post-relocation adjustment (Regier & Parmelee, 2021). Balancing concerns for independence with those about physical, emotional, and social health is complicated, particularly when considering the perspectives of older adults, family members, and clinicians (Davila & Johnson, 2021). These issues are even more complex for rural older adults and family members who describe barriers to aging in place including limited caregiver support and advance care planning (Quinlan et al., 2020). The need for innovative and justly applied behavioral health interventions is underscored in an important investigation of antipsychotic use in Virginia nursing homes, which found that facilities in the top quintile of antipsychotic had high rates of use which was associated with social determinants of health that are not addressed by existing antipsychotic reduction measures (Winter, Kerns, Winter, Richards, & Sabo, 2022). Barriers to providing behavioral


Whenever autonomous entities work together to meet each other's needs, there arises the problem of how an entity with a need can find and use entities with the capability to meet that need. This problem is seen in Web service architectures, agent systems, and data integration systems, among others. Solutions have been proposed in each of these fields, but they are all dependent on implementation and interface. Hence all are restricted to their particular field, and all require their participants to conform to certain assumptions about implementation and interface. This failure of support for service autonomy is conceptually unattractive and impractical. In this thesis we show how to describe and matchmake service capabilities and client needs in a way that is implementation and interface independent. The result is a service discovery solution that fully supports the rights of services to choose their own implementation and interface. Our representation is capable of capturing capabilities across a range of service types, from Web services to agents to data sources, while ignoring the implementation and interface details that distinguish them. Thus, our solution unifies these fields for description and discovery purposes, allowing data sources with complex language interfaces to compete against form-based Web services and frame-and-slot agents, for example. Moreover, our solution captures all of the most important aspects of capability, such as: the conceptual meaning and limitations on what a service can achieve; what requests can be expressed through a service's interface, and limitations on what attributes of information a service can return. The provision of an interface independent capability description raises the additional question of how to enable a client to invoke the service to which it has been matched, and correctly interpret the results returned; we solve this by providing an interface description that maps from client objectives onto invocations, and from returned results onto a canonical result format.


deposits, pledge, suretyship, prostitutes, women subject to a special regime, physicians, distressed persons' privileges, protection of plants, the forms of marriage, debts of spouses, and relations between employers and employees, and also the somewhat more slender treatment of infanticide, were original when published, thorough, and pioneering. They are still prime material for the student. Where misprints are suspected the original (if available) may still be consulted. The language has been improved, but on the whole the treatment is unchanged. To ignore lesser studies for the purposes of this review, one may note the 17th chapter, where readings of Manu IV. 85 are discussed. The exhaustive approach to the rule that one should not accept gifts from a butcher, an oil-presser, a liquor seller, a prostitute, or a king (a rule evidencing the respect which brahmins had for their kings!) testifies to Sternbach's minute scholarship. As a result the correct reading of the verse could be proposed (yeso and vesa), which no lesser study could have-proved. However, why each should be ten times worse than the preceding was a question for the sociologist. When Sternbach wrote (in the 1940's) the need for literary explorations of alleged juridical rules was manifest and acute: logic-chopping amongst lawyers was not lacking, but did the civilization as a whole bear out the propositions? To this Sternbach bent his mind, and the results are unique. But it seems left to his spiritual successors (if any) to apply themselves to the sociological techniques which will, for the first time, tell us why Indian scholars and laymen looked at life in the way they did, not merely why they put things as they did or what they offered as ostensible justification for their rules, but rather the psychological and social foundations of the sciences, on which subject Indian scholars for the most part do no more than confuse us.


The present invention relates to a semiconductor heating device having a screw type terminal structure. The semiconductor heating device having a screw type terminal structure includes an upper plate on which a subject such as a wafer, a semiconductor element, and a plate display is mounted; a heater installed on the lower surface of the upper plate and having a plurality of terminals; and a screw type terminal in which one end is electrically connected to an outer wire and the other end is screwed to a screw hole formed around the terminal in order to be electrically connected to the heater. The present invention can improve durability of a product by enabling electrical or thermal connection with the upper plate and the terminal/a sensor to be stable, and stably protects the heater and the terminal in various impact or heat expansion and contraction environments in order to prevent separation or damage of the terminal by considering a heat expansion coefficient. The present invention facilitates replacement of components so that the present invention can reduce replacement time or costs for the components.


By means of pulse injection,the relation between lasing wavelength and chip temperature of distributed feedback laser(DFB-LD) has been obtained.Based on this method,the frequency responses,eye diagram and bit error ratio(BER) of DFB-LD under different chip temperatures are obtained,and the effects of chip temperature and bias current on the frequency response,eye diagram and BER are discussed.


The article compares legal experience of foreign countries in the sphere of codification of environmental legislation. Specific features of Ecological Codes of foreign countries are determined. The provisions of Ecological Codes of such countries as France, Sweden, Kazakhstan, etc. are analyzed. It is proposed to codify the environmental legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan taking into account the positive experience of foreign countries. The conclusion is made that it is possible to apply positive legislative experience of the studied states in the legislation of Uzbekistan.


In this paper, we argue that time travel is problematic for the endurantist. For it appears to be possible, given time travel, to construct a wall out of a single time travelling brick. This commits the endurantist to one of the following: (a) the wall is composed of the time travelling brick many times over; (b) the wall does not in fact exist at all; (c) the wall is identical to the brick. We argue that each of these options is unsatisfactory.


This article explains, defends, and develops Jurgen Habermas' reconciliation of common law adjudication and judicial review, in which unelected judges creatively modify legal norms, with democratic legitimacy. It begins by defending Klaus Gunther's discourse theory of norm application, which Habermas' theory of legal adjudication employs, against a critique that it lacks such creativity. Norms can be further specified in the course of application, which requires further justification discourses, resulting in a dialectical relation between the justification and application of norms. This dialectic is operative in an account of the separation of powers in which legal norms that have been judicially modified through common law adjudication can be democratically legitimated by being subject to legislative revision. For the development of constitutional norms through judicial review to be democratically legitimate, by contrast, courts must limit themselves to reconstructing constitutional principles that protect democratic procedures. The judicial institutionalization of the legislative function of the development of law through judicial review is democratically legitimate when courts follow the reconstructive methodology of application discourses. The development of law by courts through common law adjudication and judicial review is democratically legitimated by establishing, in these different ways, alternative connections with democratic procedures that compensate for the deficits in legitimacy resulting from their deviations from the standard model of the enactment of statutes by a popularly-elected legislature that is open to influence by reasons from the public sphere.


Currently, organizations are at different types of fraud, the same that are committed by people who are inside the organization, and any that have gone through a selection process, which - on many occasions - has not talked with internal control processes, specific in this way, that organizations do not act adequately in the face of risk management, specific to economic-financial risk.
Therefore, this article aims to show the importance of forensic graphology in the modification of internal control, from the proper use of techniques, can make a criminal profiling from the psychological perspective. The investigation is descriptive explanatory, since it seeks to show the importance of graphology - as a criminal investigation technique - in the criminal profiling of postulates at a specific charge.
As a result, it was found that although forensic auditing is a science that is responsible for detecting and preventing financial crimes and graphology, it is the tool that contributes to this end, neither of them, is introjected into the people they occupy Senior management of organizations. In addition to this it is concluded that forensic graphology as a criminal investigation technique, strengthen internal control based on the criminal performance of the employees of the organization, so that the necessary strategic measures are taken from person profile to job profile
The strategies that are currently implemented in organizations for the selection of personnel have been applied in some obsolete way; The psychological, labor and criminal profiling are aspects that must be taken into account when hiring a subject who is presented as suitable for the position to achieve a certain prevention towards the minimization of specific crimes in the financial or computer sector.
The elaboration of strategic dimensions can be based on a psychometric test with an emphasis on graphology related to the organizational area of the financial and IT sector, in which, when hiring personnel, it is essential to detect the criminal profile of the applicant and in this way to be able to discard it, place it or relocate it in a position that fits the profile thrown and can perform its work favorably.


Na Internet, On the Internet, the devices are addressed through their IP addresses, however, the IP is linked to its physical location. This article presents the IPGeoMap - web software capable of geographically locating IP addresses, quantifying them, classifying them and presenting the results of these operations on a map. The proposal for the IPGeoMap is that it serve as a support software in the decision making process, considering that it is proposed to provide a general vision in situations that involve the need for elaborating a map of geographic distribution tendencies and patterns of Internet addresses. The IPGeoMap was applied to the mapping of attacks (different types of malware) on Brazilian governmental organizations.


A 23 years old male presented with cough and progressive shortness of breath. Echocardiogram showed a biscupid aortic valve with a large vegetation causing severe regurgitation. Blood cultures were positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae sensitive to cefotaxime and penicillin. Despite direct antibiotherapy, patient required cardiac surgery with aortic valve replacement.


The utility model relates to an one-off aseptic liquid sampler comprising a colorless and transparent bag body, the side of the bag body is provided with a scale for showing the capacity; the bag body is provided with a bag mouth with screw thread; the bag mouth is sealed with the cork with screw thread connection, and the side of bag body is provided with a hanging ring for carrying the bag body conveniently and clipping the bag body on the breaker wall. The utility model can overcome the shortcomings of the prior sampler that the samples are easy to be polluted when in sampling; and the hanging ring at the side of the bag body is convenient for carrying the bag body when in sampling, and is a fixer for clipping the bag on the breaker wall after sampling, thereby the sampling is convenient. A single package is adopted for the utility model, so which is health and convenient.


Thirty Two male gymnasts, under the age groups under-13 and above-13 of Sports Authority of India Training Scheme at LNCPE were selected for the study. They were further divided into experimental groups and control groups. The test variables were 1) test for proprioception on Biodex Balance System (BBS), which included nine parameters: overall stability index, its mean deflection and standard deviation, anterior/posterior deflection, its mean deflection and standard deviation, medial/lateral deflection, its mean deflection and standard deviation and 2) gymnastics performance test specifically designed for the purpose and 3) breathing and imagery. The pre-tests were taken for all the gymnasts and the experimental groups underwent 8 weeks proprioceptive training on BBS; during tests were taken after that and again the experimental groups underwent proprioceptive training along with breathing and imagery for 6 more weeks. Post-tests were then conducted for all the gymnasts. The post-tests revealed significant improvement in the performance and certain parameters of test for proprioception of gymnasts of the experimental groups as a result of training. This study shows that such training may be included in the regular training programme of gymnasts.


As it is formed in the ceiling portion of the vacuum suction available processing vessel, radiation (radiation) permeable top plate (top plate) of the microwave into a processing vessel from the slots of the planar antenna element side by side to form, radially to the surface side facing the interior of the processing vessel of the top plate It discloses a top plate having a plurality of protrusions are formed. Top plate, the protrusions, the radial


The domain wall motion in permalloy nanowires has been investigated widely due to its potential for a new type of memory. In this paper. we use the LLG Simulator based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation to investigate the field-driven domain-wall motion in a long, straight ferromagnetic strip. An injection field of 60 Oe is applied to inject a domain wall from an extended disk into the nanowire. We found a dependence of nanowire dimensions with the velocity of domain wall. By increasing the width of the nanowire, the velocity of the domain wall motion also increases, while the Walker breakdown field ( HWB) decreases. On the other hand, increasing the thicknesses of the nanowire, the domain wall velocity, HWB, and demagnetizing field all decrease. By applying a vertical field from 0 to 1000 Oe in order to enhance the demagnetizing field, it is found the HWB is increased from 16 to 20 Oe.


The chemokines CCL19, CCL21 and CCL25, by signalling through the receptors CCR7 or CCR9, play critical roles in leukocyte homing. They also bind another heptahelical surface protein, CCX‐CKR. CCX‐CKR cannot couple to typical chemokine receptor signalling pathways or mediate chemotaxis, and its function remains unclear. We have proposed that it controls chemokine bioavailability. Here, using transfected HEK293 cells, we have shown that both CCX‐CKR and CCR7 mediate rapid CCL19 internalisation upon initial chemokine exposure. However, internalised CCL19 was more efficiently retained and degraded after uptake via CCX‐CKR. More importantly, CCR7 rapidly became refractory for CCL19 uptake, but the sequestration activity of CCX‐CKR was enhanced. These properties endowed CCX‐CKR with an impressive ability to mediate progressive sequestration and degradation of large quantities of CCL19, and conversely, prevented CCR7‐expressing cells from extensively altering their chemokine environment. These differences may be linked to the routes of endocytosis used by these receptors. CCX‐CKR, unlike CCR7, was not critically dependent on β‐arrestins or clathrin‐coated pits. However, over‐expression of caveolin‐1, which stabilises caveolae, blocked CCL19 uptake by CCX‐CKR while having no impact on other chemokine receptors, including CCR7. These data predict that CCX‐CKR scavenges extracellular chemokines in vivo to modify responses through CCR7.


"The Uncertainty of Taiwan's Status" is one of the paralogism of some American politicians,whose main purpose is to break up China and make it a legal fact. Some Taiwanese who want to make Taiwan a independent country has been making full use of the choplogic above, especially the leaders of Democratic Progressive Party like Lu Xiulian, who drums up "the Uncertainty of Taiwan's Status " openly after Democratic Progressive Party came to power. According to their logic, the Japanese occupation of Taiwan is based on "Sino-Japanese Treaty of Shimonoseki", but after that no treaty was made to prove the return of Taiwan to China. By Lu's words,"Cairo Declaration" and "Potsdam Declaration" are only declarations but not international treaties and have no legal binding force, hence the problem of Taiwan has no international law resolves yet. This article is to prove from international laws and customs that"Cairo Declaration" and "Potsdam Declaration" are legal treaty by the means of international law. On the contrary, "Sino-Japanese Treaty of Shimonoseki" is thoroughly an unfair treaty and is illegal. In conclusion, " the Uncertainty of Taiwan's Status " is incorrect both in the logic and in the principle of international laws.


5 The following, who are listed in alphabetic order, are responsible for the given section: SUMMARY The Cape May site was the third borehole drilled as part of the New Jersey coastal plain drilling project (Leg 150X). It focused on middle Miocene to upper Eocene sequences. Recovery was good (75% mean, 85% median), and gamma and neutron logs were obtained to a total depth (TD) of 1500 ft (457 m). This location is the most downdip onshore location in New Jersey, and the Miocene section is the thickest (823 ft; 251 m) of the three Leg 150X boreholes, with numerous shells suitable for Sr-isotopic age measurements. Un-conformities are revealed by erosional surfaces, gamma-ray peaks, lithologic breaks, biofacies shifts, shell beds, indurated zones, and hiatuses determined by Sr-isotopic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy. Good recovery of sands and clays in the top 357 ft (109 m) provide excellent examples of fluvial-estuarine and marginal marine environments , although age control on this section is poor. The top 90 ft (27 m) of the borehole recovered alternating organic-rich clays and shelly sands deposited in an inlet-marsh environment similar to the modern setting. These Pleistocene to Holocene strata are assigned to the Cape May Formation. Clays from 90 to 140 ft (27−43 m) are tentatively assigned to the Cape May Formation (?Pleistocene). The restricted marine diatom flora and benthic foraminiferal fauna indicate a lower estuarine environment. This unit overlies a thick (140−357 ft; 43−109 m) unit of poorly fossiliferous estuarine sands and clays. Based on stratigraphic studies of the nearby Cape May airport borehole , we tentatively correlate this thick section with a Pliocene unit mapped in the Cape May peninsula (Owens et al., 1995). Four middle Miocene sequences representing 258 ft (77 m) were recovered, including the youngest fossiliferous middle Miocene sequence sampled in New Jersey (ca. 11−12 Ma). We are uncertain if this upper unit (the Kirkwood-Cohansey sequence) correlates with the poorly dated Cohansey Formation or older middle Miocene sequences. Three additional middle Miocene sequences were recovered , including the probable equivalent of the Kirkwood 3 sequence of Sugarman et al. Ma sequence requires verification. The thick lower Miocene section (565 ft; 172 m) represents at least five well-developed sequences. The Kirkwood 2a sequence (650−715 ft; 198−218 m) of Sugarman et al. (1993) is thinner than at Atlantic City where it is well dated (ca. 17.0−18.1 Ma). This sequence is a classic coarsening-upward " …


Background: Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a congenital disorder characterised by growth retardation, facial dysmorphisms, skeletal abnormalities and mental retardation. Broad thumbs and halluces are the hallmarks of the syndrome. RSTS is associated with chromosomal rearrangements and mutations in the CREB-binding protein gene (CREBBP), also termed CBP, encoding the CREB-binding protein. Recently, it was shown that mutations in EP300, coding for the p300 protein, also cause RSTS. CBP and EP300 are highly homologous genes, which play important roles as global transcriptional coactivators. Objective: To report the phenotype of the presently known patients with RSTS (n = 4) carrying germline mutations of EP300. Results: The patients with EP300 mutations displayed the typical facial gestalt and malformation pattern compatible with the diagnosis of RSTS. However, three patients exhibited much milder skeletal findings on the hands and feet than typically observed in patients with RSTS. Conclusions: Part of the clinical variability in RSTS is explained by genetic heterogeneity. The diagnosis of RSTS must be expanded to include patients without broad thumbs or halluces.


Introduction: A transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ministroke, occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked temporarily. This paper presents a case of brain ischemic stroke, treated using Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) healing without drugs or touch successfully as complementary medicine enabling the patient to fully recover within few days. Methods: This is a case study method with available data of medical reports and patient feedback analysed to know how YPV distal healing was applied to this patient and how the patient recovered.Results: YPV Healing immediately normalized the BP of the patient which was very high. From unconscious state the patient came to conscious state but due to paralytic condition she couldn't lift her right hand and right leg. Healer healed her again and from paralytic condition she turned normal. MRI report also


The basis for formalization of information used in the automated management process is the system of classification and coding. It ensures the work of users with software toolsб as well as the interaction of software tools and automated control systems. Программные продукты и системы / Software & Systems 2 (31) 2018 315 According to the existing requirements documents, the interaction between automated control systems is organized through specialized interaction protocols: technical, organizational, information, software. However, with the growing scale of managed systems there appears the problem of keeping these protocols up to date, which increases with growing number and types of interacting agents in a management network. Nowadays, there is a wide range of approaches to solving this problem in the world practice. It includes data exchange using XML files, interaction based on HLA technologies, etc. Nevertheless, in general, none of them provides information interaction in distributed multi-agent systems of automated control. After analyzing the capabilities of modern information technologies, the author proposes to solve the problem through abandoning the "hard" principles of information encoding and moving to its classification based on fuzzy set mechanisms, multidimensional OLAP-matrices or RDF-graphs. Features of the organization of automated decision support systems and numerous components of operational information processing in them make interaction based on "fuzzy" information support the most acceptable to solve the problem. There is a conclusion that the proposed approach does not contradict the principles of creating a single information space. It complements them due to the transition from organizational methods of ensuring systems interaction to simpler technological ones. Naturally, this takes into account the limitations for systems that are crucially critical to the error probability in information processing.


Clusters of galaxies are of wide interest in the astronomical community both as laboratories where baryons and dark matter can be conveniently studied and, through their statistical properties at various look-backtimes, as tracers of cosmic structure and evolution. The Local Organising Committee wisely narrowed the topics of this meeting to four broad themes and so I will organise my summary remarks under these headings. First I think I should address the plea "Why bother to study clusters?", raised provocatively by Colin Norman at one stage during the proceedings. We have learnt enough about clusters and the growth of structure to know that two of the traditional motivations require much more careful consideration. For years on time allocation committees, I read observers repeat a mantra in the first sentence of their proposals: "Clusters of galaxies represent the largest bound structures in the Universe.." in justification of their role as tracers of large scale structure. A number of speakers at this meeting reminded us that clusters no longer uniquely occupy this role. We have other tracers of large scale structure and, moreover, it seems we need to be much clearer of what exactly we mean by a cluster before we can convincingly use them as cosmological probes. A second, traditional, motive for studying clusters has been observational convenience, e.g. in studying constituent populations such as galaxies at various look-back times. At first sight, it's an attractive proposition for an observer to study a few rich clusters at various redshifts each containing hundreds of accessibly-luminous galaxies and then to "join the results" in a timeline to make some evolutionary claim. But, at most redshifts of interest, we can expect to find a wide range of overdensities represented (groups, merging systems, virialised clusters). Put simply, rich cluster A at z=1.2 is unlikely to evolve into rich cluster B at z=0.5 and neither may necessarily become a present-day Coma. Both these worries indicate a high degree of rigour is needed in using clusters. We need very large samples spanning ranges of mass at any redshift of interest and perhaps it would be foolish to adopt one single selection criterion for their study. A similar "panchromatic" theme has emerged over the past decade in understanding how to address the question of evolution using samples of galaxies.


At the end of September 2008, U.S. policymakers had been working for more than a year to contain the shock waves from plunging home prices and the subsequent financial market turmoil. For the Federal Reserve, the crisis has given new meaning to the adage that extraordinary times call for extraordinary measures. The central bank has dusted off Depression-era powers and rewritten old rules to address serious risks to the global financial system.


The recent evolution of the economic and social context has led enterprises to consider and assess corporate environmental and social impacts integrated with the traditionally measured economic and operating performances.

  From this point of view, the international debate on the advantages given by the firms' adoption of socially responsible behaviour has been developed; the increasing consciousness of the social character in enterprises' activities has enlarged the interest in communication. For this reason, several different standards have been developed in order to transmit, to the stakeholders, data, information and approaches about environmental, social and sustainability topics related to the firm's activities. In this dynamic context, the features of SMEs require specific guidelines, which address the contents of an SME-oriented sustainability report.

  In this perspective the aim is to design guidelines able to meet with these SMEs' requirements; seven case studies, on Italian furniture small enterprises, complete the study. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


Early (spring of 1976) EMI tests were conducted on several solar cell panels of the ERDA Photovoltaic System Test Facility without power conditioning to determine the characteristic radiated interference frequencies. This test was conducted using a manually switched resistive load of approximately 360 W at a 1 Hz rate. Later (early summer) tests were conducted at an array output of approximately 1.5 kW while interfacing with an availaable line commutated type of inverter. The ERDA Photovoltaic System Test Facility as configured appears to present very few problems associated with common everyday appliances such as radio and television sets with regard to both radiated and conducted interference. Further, field strength measurements on a single row of panels indicates that the operational mode of the array as configured presents no radiated EMI problems. Only one relatively significant frequency band near 200 kHz showed any degree of intensity (9 ..mu..V/m including a background level of 5 ..mu..V/m). However, the level was measured very near the array (at 20 ft distance) while Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations call for these measurements at 1000 ft. FCC regulations limit spurious emissions to 15 ..mu..V/m at 1000 ft. No field strength readings could be obtained even atmore » 35 ft distant.« less


Based on the urgent requirements to control P2P communication,this paper gives the design and implemen-tation of a DPI-based P2P traffic control system.This paper first describes some technologies to identify P2P communica-tion and analyses the P2P integrated control model.Then in recombination of the actual situation,a DPI-based traffic control model and its simple implementation is presented.Finally,the performance analysis and appraisal to this model is conducted.The experiments prove its efficiency in controlling P2P traffic.


groundbreaking research that enrich trauma studies through both historical and ethnographical accounts of trauma and the healing process. In addition to each contributor's detailed archival research and analyses of careful ethnographic recordings, some chapters' close attention to gendered experience of trauma makes the volume a great contribution to trauma studies as well. Traumatic Pasts in Asia will be an illuminating resource for students and researchers of trauma studies in the disciplines of history, ethnography, gender studies and medicine beyond the confines of Asian studies.


This paper introduced the rice stripe disease of Japonica rice from the following aspects: symptom of disease,virus characteristics,spread way,posture feature,and the major prevention techniques.Rice stripe disease is one of the most serious viral diseases in China which transmitted by small brown planthopper(Laodelphax striatellus).The disease is epidemic in most rice growing areas where the main cultivars are susceptible or moderately susceptible to rice stripe virus.


A method of manufacturing a monolithic ink-jet printhead includes preparing a silicon substrate, forming an ink passage comprising a manifold supplying ink, an ink chamber filled with ink supplied from the manifold, an ink channel connecting the ink chamber to the manifold, and a nozzle through which the ink is ejected from the ink chamber, on the silicon substrate, and reprocessing a wall of the ink passage by passing XeF2 gas through the ink passage and dry etching the wall of the ink passage. In the reprocessing of the wall of the ink passage using XeF2 gas, the wall of the ink passage is smoothed, and a size of the ink passage can be more precisely adjusted to a design dimension, thereby improving a printing performance of the ink-jet printhead.


Besides World War II,there are other times when history of Britain has witness heroes contributing to the country,saving it from imminent harm,and guaranteeing long-lasting prosperity. This essay will compare the two men's achievement by reviewing their deeds and historical backgrounds through established criteria.


The optical limiting effect in 2-cyclooctylamino-5-nitropyridine (COANP) doped with fullerenes has been investigated. The absorption saturation was found to begin at the incident energy density of 4 J cm-2. Optical limiting mechanisms have been specified in the fullerene-doped COANP compounds. The laser-induced refractive index and its influence on the optical limiting effect over the visible spectral range under nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation have been studied. Using the dynamic holographic technique, nonlinear coefficients n2 and χ(3) in C70-doped COANP have been first determined.


A beam plasma was generated and exhausted into air by applying rf voltage to the atmospheric pressure argon flowing through a cylindrical gap between a needle cathode and a grounded cylindrical anode whose surface was covered with an insulator. This torch‐type plasma with gas and electron temperatures of 240 °C (44.2 meV) and 1.0 eV, respectively, has been verified to be useful for ashing a photoresist without using a pumping system. High rate (≥1.2 μm/min) photoresist ashing was achieved by using Ar plasma containing a small amount of oxygen. Also reported are optical emission analysis of plasma and analyses of ashed Si surface by scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The use of the Pt cathode was found to provide not only a better ashed surface but also a higher ashing rate than the use of the stainless‐steel cathode.


The results of experimental studies and calculations of external heat and moisture transfer in free convective drying of vegetables (eggplants and sweet peppers) in solar greenhouses and on open grounds are presented. The criteria for dependences, heat and mass balances of external moisture transfer are considered.


The Ptolemy-Copernicus transition is analyzed in the intertheoretic context provided by an analogy between the Copernican revolution and the Einsteinian one. In the case of Einstein's revolution it was argued that its cause consisted in the clash between the main research programmes of classical physics: Newtonian mechanics, Maxwellian electrodynamics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. In the present paper it is demonstrated that the Ptolemy-Copernicus transition is similar to the Lorentz-Einstein one with Lorentz playing the Ptolemy role and Einstein - the role of Copernicus. Just as Lorentz's "theory of electrons" of the second half of the 19th century can be evaluated as a dual theoretical scheme mixing Newtonian mechanics with maxwellian electrodynamics, one can evaluate Ptolemaic cosmology as a dual theoretical scheme mixing the principles of "Platonic mathematics" with those of "Aristotelian physics". Analogously to the Einsteinian revolution, it is argued that the Copernican one can be cons...


Various means for ensuring budgetary receipts are explored, such as the role of treasury in distribution of receipts on different budget levels. The effectiveness of monitoring of a unified treasury account payments is analyzed.


A 10-year-old speechless, mentally deficient male, with low arylsulfatase A (ARSA) activity, and presumably, methachromatic leukodystrophy, underwent genetic evaluation. As the clinical picture was not compatible with this diagnosisan ARSA gene and chromosome analysis were performed, showing the presence of a pseudodeficiency ARSA allele and a de novo apparently balanced t(16;22)(p11.2;q13) translocation. A deletion on the long arm of chromosome 22 encompassing the ARSA gene, as shown by FISH and array-CGH, indicated a 22q13 deletion syndrome. This case illustrates the importance of detailed cytogenetic investigation in patients presenting low arylsulfatase A activity and atypical/unspecific clinical features.


Three background measures and scores on Berger's self-acceptance scale for 50 freshmen and 50 seniors (25 men, 25 women), and for 25 men and 29 women above the rank of assistant professor were factor analyzed by the principal components method. After rotation to simple structure by the varimax method, eight factors were identified. Faculty's scores showed little sex differences which were, however, marked for freshman students. Study of the relation of achievement and attitudes toward self is needed.


ASPERGER SYNDROME: CHARACTERIZATION OF BEGINNING OF SPEECH AND WALK: Purpose: Evaluate and characterize aspects of beginning of speech and walk, schooling route and economical family resources in subjects with Asperger Syndrome and compare to that of a group of subjects with a typical development. Methods: A total of 44 subjects were assessed and divided into two groups. The Asperger group was composed of 22 subjects diagnosed as having Asperger Syndrome by an expert clinical team following the DSM-IV criteria. The comparison group, called low risk for developmental disorders was also composed of 22 subjects matched to the subjects in Asperger group on chronological age. All the assessed subjects were right-handed males, with chronological ages between 10 and 30 years and intelligence quotients greater than 68 according to the Wechsler Scale. Specific procedure was the investigation of the clinical history carried out by the completion of a questionnaire. Results: The investigation of the clinical history indicated that subjects in Asperger group presented a late start in speech and walk that was statistically significant (p < 0,05) when compared to subjects in the group with typical development. The personal information – time of permanence in school (in years) and schooling course – it was observed that the Asperger group stayed in school for a shorter time and presented a more variable schooling course than the group with low risk for developmental disorders. Conclusion: The Asperger Syndrome group presented alterations on the developmental aspect and personal history when compared to a group of typically developing subject.


Dabigatran etexilate (DE), a prodrug of Dabigatran, is a potent, oral, reversible and direct thrombin inhibitor with low oral bioavailability due to active efflux by intestinal P-glycoprotein receptors. No lipid based oral formulation is marketed for DE till date. Hence, we formulated and evaluated self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), by using P-gp modulator excipients to tackle this issue and elevate the systemic availability of DE. The SMEDDS were developed using Capmul MCM C8, Cremophor EL and Transcutol HP as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant respectively. The formulation was optimized using statistical D-optimal design. The globule size of 73.24 nm with 0.085 PDI was achieved upon spontaneous emulsification with >99% Transmittance at 250 times dilution and discrete globules were observed under TEM. The in vitro and ex vivo drug release from DE-SMEDDS was found to be significantly higher in comparison to that from plain drug suspension. The DE-SMEDDS was observed to be non-cytotoxic and safe when assessed by MTT assay on Caco-2 cells. Moreover, a deeper penetration in the Caco-2 cells was observed with DE-SMEDDS when assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Flow-cytometric studies also revealed greater uptake of fluorescent probe in Caco-2 cell-lines from the DE-SMEDDS when compared with drug suspension. Furthermore, the AUC0→t of DE from the optimized DE-SMEDDS formulation was found to be 2.5 times higher and relative bioavailability was enhanced by 3.36 folds than that from drug suspension on oral administration to rats. Moreover, DE SMEDDS exhibited higher anticoagulant activity than drug suspension, further indicating better bioavailability.


Objectives: To assess the curative effects of different treatment courses on chronic bacteria prostatitis(CBP).Methods: One hundred twenty-six cases of CBP were randomly divided into A,B,C three groups.In group A,38 cases were treated with compound Suanshentong injection,once every other day,10 injections for one treatment course;In group B,48 cases were administered oral Chinese herbal medicine,one dosage a day,four weeks for one course;in group C,40 cases were given the same treatment with group A,and combined with oral Chinese herbal medicine,one dosage a day,four weeks for one course.CPSI criteria made by NIH was used to assess the curative effects of one and two treatment courses.Results: NIH-CPSI scores after two treatment courses were significantly lower than that after one course.Negative rates of bacteria and curative efficacy were also significantly higher in the group with two courses(P0.05).Conclusion: Appropriate extension of treatment course can enhance the curative effects for CBP.


We study the temperature-dependent quantum correction to conductivity due to the interplay of spin density fluctuations and weak disorder for a two-dimensional metal near an antiferromagnetic (AFM) quantum critical point. AFM spin density fluctuations carry large momenta around the ordering vector $\mathbf{Q}$ and, at lowest order of the spin-fermion coupling, only scatter electrons between "hot spots" of the Fermi surface which are connected by $\mathbf{Q}$. Earlier, it was seen that the quantum interference between AFM spin density fluctuations and soft diffusive modes of the disordered metal is suppressed, a consequence of the large-momentum scattering. The suppression of this interference results in a non-singular temperature dependence of the corresponding interaction correction to conductivity. However, at higher order of the spin-fermion coupling, electrons on the entire Fermi surface can be scattered successively by two spin density fluctuations and, in total, suffer a small momentum transfer. This higher-order process can be described by composite modes which carry small momenta. We show that the interference between formally subleading composite modes and diffusive modes generates singular interaction corrections which ultimately dominate over the non-singular first-order correction at low temperatures. We derive an effective low-energy theory from the spin-fermion model which includes the above-mentioned higher-order process implicitly and show that for weak spin-fermion coupling the small-momentum transfer is mediated by a composite propagator. Employing the conventional diagrammatic approach to impurity scattering, we find the correction $\delta \sigma \sim +\ln^2 T$ for temperatures above an exponentially small crossover scale.


In present study,montmorillonite and kaolinite were selected as adsorbents to adsorb a humic acid(HA).The adsorption of humic acid on montmorillonite and kaolin was investigated and the characteristics of HA-clay were studied by Infrared Spectroscopy(IR),Thermo Gravimetry(TGA) and Zeta potential(Zeta).The results indicated that adsorption rate was significantly affected by the initial concentration of HA and solution pH;the adsorption isotherms of HA on clays were well fitted by the Freundlich equation;furthermore,adsorption peaks of hydrocarbon appeared in the IR spectra of HA-kaolin.In addition,the zeta potentials of clays decreased after adsorption.The conclusions of this study are very important in investigating the adsorption mechanisms of humic acids on clay minerals.


Background/Aim: Aspirin reduces cardiovascular disease and/or stroke risks. However, perioperative aspirin use remains controversial. We assessed the efficacy of ultrasonography to facilitate video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). We analyzed the perioperative management of patients using aspirin and its association with bleeding events during lung cancer surgery. Patients and Methods: A total of 38 patients who underwent VATS after continuing or discontinuing aspirin were examined. Ultrasound was performed preoperatively to evaluate the pleural adhesions. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze correlations between the two groups. Results: Dense adhesions were found at VATS ports using ultrasonography (accuracy: 100%). No differences were detected in bleeding, thrombotic events, or operative times between the aspirin and non-aspirin groups. There were differences in bleeding (p=0.009) and operative times (p=0.021) between the dense adhesion and non-dense adhesion groups. Conclusion: Preoperative detection of pleural adhesions using ultrasonography was useful in selecting pulmonary resection patients who continued aspirin perioperatively.


Abstract : Simultaneous sintering and joining of ceramics, often referred to as green state joining, is used in producing structural and electronic composites as well as complex-shaped ceramic components. In this paper, a novel idea of using microwave energy to simultaneously sinter and join ceramics is proposed. Alumina green samples are fired and joined in a single mode microwave heating device. Scanning Electron Microscope and Scanning Acoustic Microscope are used to evaluate joining interface. Experimental results show that, because microwaves offer rapid and uniform heating, fast densification and excellent joining can be achieved.


Background: With increasing life expectancy, there is a global increase in the prevalence of gynaecological cancer, worst among developing countries, including Nigeria. Thus, an appraisal of institutional readiness in managing these malignancies is necessary in our sub region. Objectives : To review prevalent gynecological cancers and regional institutional readiness to provide optimal oncological services in the South-south and South-east of Nigeria. Material and Methods : An electronic literature search of all articles published on gynaecological oncology practice in the South-south and South-East regions of Nigeria between 1984 and 2019 was conducted using High wire, Google, Google scholar, PubMed, Hinari, Web of Science, and Springer Link. All relevant peer-reviewed articles and publications were identified, retrieved, and reviewed. A review of cancer registries and annual reports from some of the third-level hospitals in the region was conducted, supplemented by telephone interviews with practicing consultants from the various institutions. Data was collected in a pre-structured spreadsheet and analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 25.0). Results: Cervical cancer (55%), ovarian cancer (20.9%), and endometrial cancer (13.7%) were the most common gynaecologic cancers. The most common age range was 40-59 years (48.8%). Half of the centres surveyed had dedicated cancer units, 25% had clinical oncologists, and a quarter had pathologists with special interest in gynaecological cancers. There was no functional magnetic resonance imaging machine in any of the centres, and only 12.5% had preventive oncology units. In half of the centres, immunochemistry and tumour markers were available. Radiotherapy (teletherapy) was available in only one (12.5%) of the epileptic centres. Conclusion: Gynaecological oncology practice is largely suboptimal due to a lack of support facilities and personnel, as well as a lack of political will. Efforts should be intensified to identify these challenges and to proffer potential solutions that will aid in improving the health of our women.


Abstract 1760 In chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), the transforming oncoprotein FIP1L1-PDGFRA (F/P) is a major target of therapy. In most patients, the PDGFRA-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib induces complete and durable molecular remissions. For patients who are intolerant or resistant against imatinib, novel TKI may serve as potential alternative therapy. Indeed, several different TKI have been described to act on Ba/F3 cells transfected with F/P, and some even block the activity of imatinib-resistant F/P mutants. However, little is known about the effects of novel TKI on growth and survival of primary neoplastic eosinophils. In the current study, we examined the in vitro effects of 12 kinase blockers on growth and viability as well as cytokine-induced migration of EOL-1 cells, a human F/P+ eosinophil leukemia cell line. In addition, we examined TKI effects on primary human neoplastic eosinophils obtained from a patient with F/P+ CEL, one with aggressive systemic mastocytosis and massive eosinophilia (ASM-eo) and one with reactive hypereosinophilia (HE). In EOL-1 cells, major growth-inhibitory effects were seen with all PDGFRA-blocking agents, with IC 50 values in the low nM-range: ponatinib: 0.1–0.2 nM, sorafenib: 0.1–0.2 nM, masitinib: 0.2–0.5 nM, nilotinib: 0.2–2 nM, dasatinib: 0.5–2 nM, sunitinib: 1–2 nM, and midostaurin: 5–10 nM. These drugs were also found to block the activity of PDGFR-downstream signaling molecules, including Akt, S6, and STAT5 in EOL-1 cells. Targeting of individual downstream molecules with specific inhibitors (PI3-kinase: NVP-BEZ235; mTOR: everolimus; STAT5: pimozide and piceatannol) also induced growth-inhibition in EOL-1 cells, although IC 50 values were higher compared to that obtained with PDGFR-blocking TKI. All effective TKI produced dose-dependent apoptosis in EOL-1 cells as determined by microscopy, Annexin-V/PI staining, and staining for active caspase-3. In a next step, we applied the most effective TKI on primary neoplastic eosinophils. In these experiments, ponatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib were found to suppress the growth of primary neoplastic eosinophils obtained from a patient with F/P+ CEL and one with ASM-eo, in a dose-dependent manner (IC 50 50 values were higher compared to neoplastic eosinophils. We also examined drug effects on growth of Ba/F3 cells expressing the imatinib-resistant F/P mutants T674I and D842V. In these experiments, sunitinib was found to inhibit the growth of Ba/F3 cells expressing the T674I mutant of F/P. By contrast, no substantial effects of masitinib or nilotinib on Ba/F3 cells expressing this mutant were found, and Ba/F3 cells expressing F/P D842V were found to be resistant against sunitinib and masitinib. Strong inhibitory effects on both mutants were only seen with ponatinib. We next examined the effects of various TKI on cytokine-induced migration of neoplastic eosinophils. Unexpectedly, of all cytokines tested including IL-5 and eotaxin, only SDF-1A was found to induce in vitro migration of EOL-1 cells. We found that imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, ponatinib, sorafenib, and masitinib inhibit SDF-1A-induced migration of EOL-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner (effective range: 10–100 nM). Finally, we analyzed TKI effects on expression of activation-linked cell surface antigens on EOL-1 cells. In these experiments, we found that ponatinib and sorafenib downregulate expression of CD25 and CD63 in EOL-1 cells, whereas the other TKI tested showed no effects. By contrast, no effects of ponatinib or sorafenib on expression of HLA-DR, CXCR4 and CD95 on EOL-1 cells were seen. We were also unable to detect any significant effects of the other TKI on expression of activation-linked cell surface antigens in EOL-1 cells. In summary, our data show that various novel TKI counteract growth, survival, activation, and migration of neoplastic human eosinophils. The most potent agent that also blocks all known mutant-forms of F/P appears to be ponatinib. Novel PDGFR-targeting TKI, such as ponatinib, may be attractive alternative drugs for the treatment of imatinib-resistant or intolerant CEL. Disclosures: Valent: Phadia: Research Funding.


Consider two teams competing with each other in a best-of-N series.The first team winning the majority of the games wins the series while the remaining games are discarded.What is the expected number of games in this series? Through examples,the author obtains a generalized formula by looking into all probabilities of winning and losing combinations.An application in Snooker game is also provided.


Nanometer powder of TiO 2 was prepared from hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide. The effects of cations or anions on the crystal form transition of the TiO 2 particles obtained are studied by adding different salts. From parallel experimental results, it is found that ions, such as PO 4 3- , SO 3 2- , SiO 3 2- Al 3+ , Ca 2+ , and K 1+ , promote anatase crystal form of TiO 2 and keep this form to high temperature, and CO 3 2 and NH 4 1+ might be the accelerators of crystal form transition of TiO 2 from anatase to rutile. The latter two ions change the mass percents of rutile crystal form in the particles of TiO 2 from 25% to 66% and 82% respectively after the calcination of 2 hours at 700℃.


This Symposium Essay explores the contours of the 'energy-land use nexus' – the rich set of interrelationships between land use and energy production and consumption. This underexplored nexus encapsulates barriers and opportunities as the trajectory of U.S. energy policy tilts away from fossil fuels. The Essay argues that the energy-land use nexus provides a useful frame for approaching policy to minimize points of conflict between energy goals on the one hand and land conservation on the other.


Abstract Conventional ground improvement techniques involve densification of soil either by mechanical compaction or chemical grouting while others involve inclusion of reinforcements, etc. Many conventional grout materials were found posing a threat to environment due to their toxic nature and release of greenhouse gases. In this regard, research is initiated in developing more environmentally sustainable additives for soil improvement in which biological based alternatives are gaining momentum. In the present study, a noble technique Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) using Sporosarcina pasteurii was adopted to modify the properties of sand and improve its efficiency by supplementing with Cellulomonas flavigena. The mineralogy of treated specimens was studied using X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope analyses. The leachability of precipitated calcite was studied under constant flowing conditions and the material was found to be stable. The Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and elastic modulii of the treated specimens were found to be in the range of 266–343 kPa and 14–35 MPa respectively. The angle of internal friction found from Direct Shear Test on treated specimens was observed to be a little lower compared to virgin specimens. The permeability of treated specimen showed a reduction in magnitude by one order approximately.


The authors of Gortazar et al. have detected a coding error in the variable "prematurity". This variable included deliveries occurring not only before 37 weeks of gestation but also deliveries occurring during 37 weeks' gestation. However, preterm deliveries are determined as birth before 37 weeks' gestation according to the World Health Organization as it was specified in Methods. The error has been amended and the results shown in the Table 1, Table 2, Figure 3 are now responsive for those changes. Prematurity rates are now calculated by the total number of delivery reports with available gestational age at birth (>97%). Although the rates and OR of preterm births have been modified, the