This study presents an economical conditioning method for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells through a parametric study investigating the factors affecting online conditioning methods. First, we compared the operating conditions between constant current (CC) mode and constant voltage (CV) mode conditioning to understand the effects of current and potential differences on conditioning. We found that CV mode conditioning is at least one hour faster at the same load. This is because unlike CV mode conditioning, which has a constant load over the entire range of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), CC mode conditioning features current flow through the existing passage of the pre-activated triple phase boundary of the MEA so that the electronic load is not entirely used in the conditioning process. Second, the optimization of CV mode conditioning was conducted by controlling the conditioning temperature. Lastly, the economics of the proposed method were analyzed by comparing it with existing conditioning methods. Using this optimal conditioning method can reduce the consumption of hydrogen during conditioning by ~87.5% compared to previous methods. The findings from this study provide the means to lower the actual production cost of fuel cells, thereby ensuring market access.


Until today the modeling of human body biomechanics poses many great challenges because of the complex geometry and the substantial heterogeneity of human body. We developed a detailed human body finite element model in which the human body is represented realistically in both the geometry and the material properties. The model includes the detailed head (face, skull, brain, and spinal cord), the skeleton, and air cavities (including the lung). Hence it can be used to accurately acquire the stress wave propagation in the human body under various loading conditions. The blast loading on the human surface was generated from the simulated C4 blast explosions, via a novel combination of 1-D and 3-D numerical formulations. We used the explicit finite element solver in the multi-physics code CoBi for the human body biomechanics. This is capable of solving the resulting large system containing millions of unknowns in an extremely scalable fashion. The meshes generated for these simulations are of good quality. This enables us to employ relatively large time step sizes, without resorting to the artificial time scaling treatment. In order to study the human body dynamic response under the blast loading, we also developed an interface to apply the blast pressure loading on the external human body surface. These newly developed models were used to conduct parametric simulations to find out the brain biomechanical response when the blasts impact the human body. Under the same blast loading we also show the differences of brain response when having different material properties for the skeleton, the existence of other body parts such as torso.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


This study aims to understand the acid-leaching behavior of metals from 2 to 4 mm waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) containing 22.0% ± 1.1 Cu, 6.7% ± 0.2 Ca, 0.68% ± 0.02 Sn, 0.59 ± 0.01 % Pb, 2.71% ± 0.08 Al, 0.22% ± 0.01 Fe, etc.. Copper leaching was increased for sulfuric acid concentrations up to 1.2 mol/L and hydrogen peroxide concentrations of 10.0 vol% for a pulp density of 100 g/L at 50°C over 4 h, whereas for the same concentrations of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide copper leaching was decreased from 75.7 to 56.7% with an increase in pulp density from 25 to 125 g/L. Under the same optimum conditions and a 100 g/L pulp density, the leached copper concentration was 16.66 g/L (75.7%) and the concentrations of Pb, Al, Fe, and Ca were 0.1 g/L, 0.64 g/L, 0.13 g/L, 0.79g/L, respectively. Above 50°C and 500 rpm, the amount of leached copper decreased. With nitric acid, 98.3% copper leaching was obtained under the optimum conditions of 3 mol/L nitric acid and an agitation speed of 800 rpm at 60°C for 5 h at 25 g/L pulp density. Under optimum conditions and 100 g/L pulp density, the concentration of Cu in the leachate was 21.12 g/L (96%), and the concentrations of Pb, Al, Fe and Ca were 0.52 g/L, 0.91 g/L, 0.13 g/L, 1.70 g/L, respectively. At the same pulp density, nitric acid enabled better leaching of copper and other metals than sulfuric acid with 10.0 vol% hydrogen peroxide. The solid precipitates obtained in the leach liquors of PCBs included stannic oxide and calcium aluminum oxide in nitric acid and gypsum in sulfuric acid.


This chapter contains sections titled: Circuit Designs Active Device Scattering Parameters??????-??????Device Model Matched Amplifier Design Shunt Oscillator Design Loop Oscillator Design One-Gigahertz Three-Pole Comb Line Filter Design


The fossils which DE KONINCK described and illustrated as members of the molluscan Class Scaphopoda have been reexamined. For the first time, photographs of these specimens are presented. Scaphopod shells show only a limited number of morphologic features and for most of these species, the details are lacking which would indicate that the fossils belong undoubtedly in the Scaphopoda. The study suggests that most of the named species may not be Scaphopoda; these species are assigned to informal groupings, ranging from Incertae sedis, through "worm tubes" to "probably Scaphopoda". Only one specimen may be identified without question as a member of the scaphopods.


A list of 34 species of Echiura from Iberian coasts and adjacent seas is given, pointing out where they are recorded in the literature. Distributions maps for each of the species mentioned are also included.


Located in the middle of Yunnan Plateau,as the second deepest lake in China,Fuxian Lake is being polluted.Tradescantia micronucleus frequency were determinated in 10 water samples obtained from different sites of Fuxian Lake,and the mutagensis of the water samples of the lake were estimated.The results showed that the water along the shores of the lake was much more polluted than that in the central area of the lake,and the water in the southern part of the lake was more contaminated than that in the northern part of the lake.


We propose a novel framework that facilitates automatic editing and authoring of multimedia using static and moving cameras in a dynamic scene. The framework incorporates several video techniques such as object tracking using mean shift and object recognition using Scaled Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). These techniques are linked together by a comprehensive yet simple-to-program script authoring mechanism based on video event detection. These combined features empower the system to play a virtual director role in live video stream editing and multimedia integration. The system requires minimum human intervention and can leverage production efficiency for both novice and professional users. The experimental results from our prototype system demonstrate that this framework is achievable using inexpensive hardware and standard video cameras. Our system provides comprehensive pre-production authoring capabilities that lend towards integration of video and heterogonous multimedia elements in realtime. We have found this framework to be useful in many applications such as live video streaming, distance education, live entertainment, sports coverage and personal video broadcasting.


This study explored the performance management for sustainability of agricultural-based social enterprises. It employed descriptive correlational research design in which results revealed that all the five performance dimensions namely, economic viability, environmental engagement, community involvement, human potential, and good governance have a qualitative description of very satisfactory. The performance management for sustainability of social enterprises are strongly demonstrated. Among the performance management dimensions for sustainability, community involvement and good governance have the highest correlation while economic viability and environmental engagement have the lowest correlation. Among the diverse types of business organization, the highest mean is the associations, indicating that its performance management for sustainability is strongly demonstrated and followed by cooperatives which is still signifying the same qualitative statement. Further, there is no significant difference between the overall performance management for sustainability and number of years in operation.


In some instances an adjustment for the influence of covariates or for subgroup effects is an integral part of the planned analysis and hence should be set out in the protocol. Pre-trial deliberations should identify those covariates and factors expected to have an important influence on the primary variable(s), and should consider how to account for these in the analysis in order to improve precision and to compensate for any lack of balance between treatment groups. (Section 5.7)


FOUNDER'S DAY FoiiTKler's Day Tvas celebrated at the college this year on October 5th, in a> manner befitting the honor and dignity of the occasion. Early in the day, flowers, were placed upon the grave of the founder of oiir college. Dr. Chas. Duncan Mclver, by Dr. Foust, together with representatives from the faculty and student body. Shortly before eleven o'clock the faculty and guests, alumnae and student body, assembled in (front of the Administration Building, here forming an impressive procession to march to the Students' Building where the exercises were held. The exercises were opened with the singing of the hymn, ' ' Come, Thou Almighty King," and Dr. Turrentine, president of Greensboro College, pronounced the invo-


During mining and milling of sulphude-rich ores, sulphide is inherently generating intermediary sulphur compounds, collectively known as thiosalts. These partly oxidized sulphur species composes a ...


In this study, 231 fourth‐sixth grade children were asked to judge aggressive, assertive, and submissive solutions to interpersonal conflict situations along "evaluative"; and "potency"; dimensions, and to assess the consequences of such behaviors for themselves and for others. Significant differences were obtained between boys and girls, and among children designated "highly aggressive,"; "highly assertive,"; and "highly submissive."; In contrast to the great disparity between the judgments of aggressive and assertive children, assertive and submissive children differed significantly only in their ratings of assertive alternatives on particular "evaluative"; dimensions (i.e., "good‐bad,"; "wise‐foolish,"; "kind‐cruel"). Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.


Abstract The pollen of 18 collections representing 11 species of Helleborus has been examined in LM and SEM, and a selected group in TEM. The pollen is 3‐colpate and has a finely or coarsely reticulate tectum in which the muri are colliculate, or, more rarely, a complete tectum which is sparsely colliculate and sparsely punctate. The three tectalmorphs probably represent a progression in the "degree of completeness" of the tectum and they are clearly related. They are, however, distinct from each other, and no intermediate forms were found that might have compromised the separation of the finely reticulate and coarsely reticulate tecta. The three tectalmorphs have an unequal distribution, the complete tectum was found in only one species (H. niger), the finely reticulate in four species, and the coarsely reticulate in six species. For the most part the pollen data reinforce existing infrageneric alignments. Palynologically, Helleborus can be distinguished from all remaining members of the Ranunculaceae, t...


Dear Editor, Oxcarbazepine is an epileptic drug with well-known adverse effects, which was first introduced in 1990 and is now used in many countries worldwide. Oxcarbazepine has been shown to have negative effects on the cardiac conduction system due to its mechanism of action, similar to that of carbamazepine. A 68-year-old male who had had a diagnosis of epilepsy for 15 years and had been using oxcarbazepine twice a day for a year, was admitted to the emergency service with syncope. Electrocardiography (ECG) showed complete atrioventricular (AV) block (Figure 1A). No abnormality was found in his neurologic and physical examination. The patient was cooperative and oriented. Blood pressure was 110/70 mmHg and heart rate was 40/min. Laboratory findings in blood were normal but the serum concentration of oxcarbazepine could not be measured in the emergency service. The patient was hospitalized in the coronary intensive care unit and a temporary pacemaker was inserted. Echocardiographic findings were normal. Follow-up ECGs showed varying AV blocks (Figure 1A, 1B). The patient was referred to the department of neurology because of oxcarbazepine's effects on the cardiac conduction system. Levetiracetam was initiated and oxcarbazepine was ceased. Rhythm Holter showed 1st degree, 2nd degree (Mobitz type 1 and 2), and 3rd degree AV blocks (Figure 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D). Four days after the drug change, the cardiac rhythm of the patient returned to normal. The pacemaker was removed and the patient was discharged. Oxcarbazepine is an antiepileptic drug that is also used in the treatment of neuropathic pain and bipolar affective disorder (1). Its chemical structure is similar to carbamazepine and both have similar mechanisms of action (2). Oxcarbazepine shows an antiepileptic effect as carbamazepine does by blocking voltage gated Na+ channels and preventing neuronal membrane depolarization and spread of pathologic neuronal discharge (3). Both drugs with may cause blocks in the cardiac conduction system and previously, Karasu and Baktir (4) reported a patient using oxcarbazepine


Several biorenewable vegetable oil-based polyols with different molecular weights and various hydroxyl functionalities were successfully prepared by ring-opening epoxidized soybean oil with a castor oil-based fatty diol. It was found that several factors, including reaction time, reaction temperature, and molar ratios between epoxidized soybean oil and castor oil diol, affect structures and rheology behaviors of the final polyols. Proton NMR, FT-IR, GPC, and rheometry results revealed that the hydroxyl functionalities, molecular weight, and viscosity of the polyols could be tailored by controlling the above-mentioned factors. Besides, the role of solvents in the epoxy ring-opening process was investigated as well.


The objective of the present invention is to provide a nonaqueous electrolytic-solution rechargeable battery that has excellent charging/discharging cycle characteristic at high temperature, and that also has excellent high-rate charging/discharging cycle characteristic at low temperature. A nonaqueous electrolytic-solution rechargeable battery (100) of the present invention is provided with: an electrode body (80) further provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode; and a battery case (50) that houses therein the electrode body (80) along with electrolytic solution. The liquid-amount ratio (A/B) between the amount of surplus electrolytic solution (A) existing outside the electrode body (80), among all the electrolytic solution contained in the battery case (50), and the amount of electrolytic solution (B) impregnated within the electrode body (80) is 0.05-0.2, and the amount of DBP to be absorbed by positive-electrode active material provided at the positive electrode is not less than 30 (ml/100g).


The study was conducted at the Modern Languages Department of Middle East Technical University and aimed to investigate newly-hired teachers' expectations, experiences, and challenges at the new workplace. Excluding the researcher, there were six newly-hired English teachers to offer Academic English courses to students who study at various departments and they participated in this very study. The data were collected by means of interviews with teachers. The collected data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The results showed that the teachers had classroom management, courses, environment, school administration, and workload-related expectations. Their experiences are categorized under themes of classroom management and courses, environment, school administration, and workload. The challenges faced by the teachers were related to classroom, environment, materials, and workload.


The usefulness of shared-data caches in large-scale multiprocessors, the relative merits of different coherence schemes, and system-level methods for improving directory efficiency are addressed. The research presented is part of an effort to build a high-performance, large-scale multiprocessor. The various classes of cache directory schemes are described, and a method of measuring cache coherence is presented. The various directory schemes are analyzed, and ways of improving the performance of directories are considered. It is found that the best solutions to the cache-coherence problem result from a synergy between a multiprocessor's software and hardware components.<<ETX>>


The complete regulatory process involves the application and enforcement of building and fire codes. Building codes govern new construction and embody standards designed to protect occupants and property from the hazards of fire. Fire codes are intended to preserve fire safety features of building codes and to govern fire safety practices involving the processes and uses within buildings. These codes must be compatible. Additional research is needed to address some of the newer fire problems now confronting regulatory officials.


Calcium ion signals are important for osteoclast differentiation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) is a regulator of bone homeostasis. However, it was unclear whether TRPV6 was involved in osteoclast formation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of TPRV6 in bone metabolism and to clarify its regulatory role in osteoclasts at the cellular level.


(57) Abstract: part of uniform fine powder is deposited on the substrate (27) by electrostatic attraction. In this case, the polarity of the electric field of the charge and the charged particles are modified iteratively (alternating manner), thereby, a powder deposition material is formed on the carrier surface. By using the alternating-varying electric field, the particles are charged alternately to opposite polarities to each other, it is deposited on the substrate. That is, as adjacent layers to each other has a charge opposite to each other alternately, gradually deposited particles. This prevents the charge on the dielectric substrate to accumulate, can be further charged particles are deposited.


Purpose: This comparative study was conducted to compare between two different design concepts of four implant assisted complete mandibular overdenture regarding the residual alveolar bone height changes. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy completely edentulous male patients were selected for this study. For each patient, a conventional complete denture was constructed. Each mandibular denture was duplicated to be used as a radiographic stent, then the CBCT surgical guide template was printed according to each design concept of 4-implant overdenture. The CBCT surgical guide templates were used for installing the implants according to flapless surgical technique followed by delayed loading. According to the two design concepts of the 4-implant overdenture used in this study, the patients were randomly classified into two equal groups: group [A]had two vertical canine implants with two axial 1st molar short implants (short design concept), and group [B]had two vertical canine implants with two distally inclined premolar implants (inclined design concept). Radiographic evaluations were performed immediately (T0), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12) respectively after picking up of the ball attachments. Results: the residual bone resorption in the two groups after one year of loading was within the accepted limits (Group A 0.56±0.4 mm, Group B 0.67±0.03 mm). Also, these results showed a significant decrease in bone resorption in both groups during the 2nd 6 month after loading. A statistically significant higher ridge resorption was found in group B during the first six months (p= 0.006) whereas in the second six months, the difference was insignificant. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it could be concluded that: 1In regard to the accepted limits of residual alveolar bone loss, the two design concepts with either 1st molar short implant or premolar distally inclined implant can be used for assisting the mandibular complete overdentures. 2The posterior short implant concept can be considered more favorable design than inclined implant concept when designing the 4-implant assisted mandibular complete overdenture, regarding the preservation of alveolar bone height.


The Volksmed database [1] shows the usage of native representatives as remedy for rheumatic ailments, which makes this plant group interesting for modern pharmacognostic research.


Abstract
Zandile is an autobiographical play about Mlophe's childhood. It begins with her living with her Gogo (her grandmother) in Durban and then being forcefully removed to live with her mother, Lulama, in the Transkei. The play focuses on Zandile and her development as she becomes an adult woman as well as her awareness of the tensions between traditional and Western expectations, political conflicts and social pressures. Zandile, Gogo (Zandile's grandmother), Lulama (Zandile's mother), Bongi (Zandile's imaginary friend) and Lindiwe (Zandile's friend) are women whose lives are directly and indirectly affected by the rules of the apartheid regime. The play skews the emphasis away from the oppression of African men and provides a space for the women to tell their personal stories of struggle, identity, harassment, dreams, expectations and journeys. Throughout the play the men are mentioned, but are not seen. Zandile provides the reader with an insight into the lives of three generations of African women, and the impact of the political situation on their disparate reactions highlight the conflicting interpretations of the African woman's role in theatre, at home, as an activist, and the woman's duty – to her husband, family and the struggle.


The use of radars in detecting low flying, small targets is being explored for several decades now. However radar with counter-stealth abilities namely the passive, multistatic, low frequency radars are in the focus recently. Passive radar that uses Digital Video Broadcast Terrestrial (DVB-T) signals as illuminator of opportunity is a major contender in this area. A DVB-T based passive radar requires the development of an antenna array that performs satisfactorily over the entire DVB-T band. At Fraunhofer FHR, there is currently a need for an array antenna to be designed for operation over the 450-900 MHz range with wideband beamforming and null steering capabilities. This would add to the ability of the passive radar in detecting covert targets and would improve the performance of the system. The array should require no mechanical adjustments to inter-element spacing to correspond to the DVB-T carrier frequency used for any particular measurement. Such an array would have an increased flexibility of operation in different environment or locations. The design of such an array antenna and the applied techniques for wideband beamforming and null steering are presented in the thesis. The interaction between the inter-element spacing, the grating lobes and the mutual couplings had to be carefully studied and an optimal solution was to be reached at that meets all the specifications of the antenna array for wideband applications. Directional beams, nulls along interference directions, low sidelobe levels, polarization aspects and operation along a wide bandwidth of 450-900 MHz were some of the key considerations.


Discloses the use of a velocity measurement and a powdered medicament flow rate indicator. Measurement system for a dry powder agent comprising a dry powder medicament, and a nozzle guide operable to identify an indicator of the dry powder agent discharge event. In one exemplary method, the powder exiting the nozzle velocity can be calculated, and may be selected calibration curve of drug concentration.


Teva Pharmaceutical Industries has agreed to acquire MicroDose Therapeutx and its proprietary inhalation technologies for US$40 M upfront and up to US$125 M in post-acquisition milestones. MicroDose's pipeline of products for lung diseases and infections is led by MDT-637, an inhalable small molecule fusion inhibitor that prevents replication of the respiratory syncytial virus and which is expected to begin Phase II trials later in 2013. The deal complements Teva's therapeutic focus on respiratory and CNS diseases as part of a revised growth strategy outlined in December 2012.


The method of absorbing chlorine gas with propenenitrile in the presence of a catalyst and in the absence of any solvent to synthesize 2,3 dichloropropionitrile was introduced. The yield was over 96.6% based on propenenitrile and the purity of product was over 92.0%.


Multiple description coding is a technique where all the transmitted segments of data, or descriptions, can be independently decoded. In this paper, a multiple description coding technique for videos is proposed, based on optimal Lagrangian rate allocation. in "T+2D" wavelet video coding, first, motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) is performed along the temporal direction to efficiently de-correlate frames within a GOP. Then, all low-pass filtered frames are encoded using JPEG2000 coder. All code blocks are coded at two different rates. Then blocks are split into three subsets with similar rate distortion characteristics; three balanced descriptions are generated by combining code blocks belonging to the three subsets encoded at opposite rates. A theoretical analysis is carried out, and the optimal rate distortion conditions are worked out. Simulation results show a noticeable performance improvement with respect to Akyol algorithm.


Rhdnius stali n. sp. was described based on specimens deposited in the Herman Lent Collection of Entomological Collection of Oswaldo Cruz Institute, until now identified as Rhodnius pictipes Stal, 1872 and compared with specimens of R. pictipes proceeding from state of Amazonas and Para, Brazil. R. stali is related to R. pictipes though distinguished by the total length, 15 to 17 mm male and 16,5 to 19 mm female, the anteocular region 2,5 times larger than postocular region and by the shape of phallic strictures known as: phallosoma, struts, gonopore process and endosoma process.


The purpose of the present study is to verify the structural relationship among performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, habit, satisfaction, and behavioral intention in KOREA-MOOC based on UTAUT2. For this study, K-MOOC was chosen to ...


In this case, multietiological abortion due to Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) and Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus) agents was defined in a sheep abortion. An aborted sheep fetus submitted to Konya Veterinary Control Institute (KVCI) from a sheep farm in Nigde province in Brucella spp. presence was determined by bacterial isolation method and confirmed by slide agglutination test with monospecific A and M sera. C. abortus was detected by real time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods. In histopathological examinations, in the lung; hyperemia, hemorrhage and bronchopneumonia, In the heart; in the placenta with degeneration and necrosis of heart muscle cells; hyperemia, hemorrhage, edema, necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltrations were observed. In this study, it was emphasized that in the fight against sheep abortions, multi-etiological abortions involving more than one factor should be taken into consideration, as well as an etiological agent, and it would be appropriate to use multidisciplinary diagnostic methods to determine the abortion factors, thus contributing to the prevention of abortions, which is still an important problem in sheep breeding.


From the subject of the cognition,emotions,will and so on which constitutes people's nonrational cognition and the forms such as tuition,inspiration are objective existence.And from the object of the cognition,contingency,uncertainty and random of the occurrence and development of objective things,the similarity between things and the conditions from subconsciousness are not imaginary.Therefore,it can be concluded that the formtion of non-rational cognition has its solid objcetive bases.


Consuelo,the heroine of Consuelo written by George Sand is not only a modern women who keeps pursuing the independence of personality and the freedom of spirit but also an envoy of love who embodies the author's ideas on the nature of human and her views about women.The feminism contained in the Consolation should not be ignored because it has overcome the author's radical thoughts in her early works and becomes mature and constructive.


At the request of the Ephorate, a suspected tomb on Gypsadhes was investigated in September 1979 by the author. Deep ploughing had broken through what appeared to be the roof of a chamber tomb. While other cemeteries are known on Gypsadhes hill, no tomb had so far been recorded in this particular location. The field in question is located immediately south of Knossos village: a slight depression, or gully, on the north slope, it lies some 150m west of the dirt track which gives access to the hill, Fig. 1. In the higher, NE corner of this field, cross-hatched on the sketch plan at Fig. 2, the kouskouras had been cut into by the plough, and it was here that the LM III tomb (for such it turned out to be) was located.


In the 1960s, the spectrum of themes in Latvian poetry expanded. During this decade, more than thirty authors release their first collection of poems. Contextually, a large part is still taken up by ideologically engaged themes. This applies to both poetry in general and specifically 1960s debut poem collections. The characteristic themes influenced by the ideology are: the interpretation of the events of World War II, the formation of Soviet life, the admiration of science and technological advancements, depictions of the bad non-socialist "Pre-Soviet" past, criticism towards the capitalist world, praise for the revolutionary processes and personalities from abroad, the motif of friendship between the Soviet socialist republics and the peoples of other socialist countries, et al. However, the distancing from the principles of socialist realism and propaganda is used via different routes: by recognizing one's local identity, emphasizing the theme of nature, daring to express intimate lyrics, echoing cultural personalities around the world. The attitude of the opposition towards the regime is only possible in subtexts and free-minded associations. The attempt to reveal the problems and negative aspects of Soviet life can be seen in several debut poets' works. Less ideologized poetry appears in the first books by Aivars Neibarts, Nora Kalna, Egils Plaudis. Already in her very first works, Ārija Elksne writes poetry mostly about her individual experience. Nevertheless, the 1960s poetry written by debut poets is mostly integrated within the Soviet ideological system.


The study aims to develop thematic teaching materials in the form of lectora inpire-based learning media in the environmental sub-themes where I live. The subjects of this study werw fourth grade students of SDN Cilegon 1 Academic Year 2018-2019. The feasibility of this product was based on the validity level of lectora inspire-based thematic teaching materials, user responses to lectora inspire thematic-based teaching materials and student understanding after using lectora thematic-based thematic teaching materials inspire. Data collections techniques used questionnaire sheets, questionnaires and student response questionnaires, student comprehension test sheets and documentation. The result of the reseacrh that have been done are (1) the average score of the validation of the expert team is obtained with a percentage of 92.74% which is included in the category of "very feasible" (2) the average score of students responses with a percentage of 94.07 included in "very decent" category (3) post test average score of 88 which has reached the KKM value in the category of "very good" so it can be concluded that thematic teaching material in the form of lectora inspired-based learning media is suitable to be used in the environmental subtme where I live in class IV and can provide understanding to fourth grade student especially on thematic learning.


Damaged mitochondria in stem cells have great repair ability when stimulated by femtosecond laser. Mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial permeability transition pores are involved in this process.


Work was performed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), in collaboration with industrial refractory manufacturers, refractory users, and academic institutions, to employ novel refractory systems and techniques to reduce energy consumption of molten material processing vessels found in industries such as aluminum, glass and pulp and paper. The energy savings strategies discussed are achieved through reduction of chemical reactions, elimination of mechanical degradation caused by the service environment, reduction of temperature limitations of materials, and elimination of costly installation and repair needs. Key results of several case studies resulting from US Department of Energy (DOE) funded research programs are discussed with emphasis on applicability of these results to high temperature processing industries.


This thesis is focused on the analysis of waste management in the municipalities, including the legislation and assessment of effectiveness. This thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part includes basic concepts of waste management. The practical part deals with the system and the recovery in the municipality Sloupnice.


Monte Carlo simulations of a two‐dimensional depth‐averaged distributed bed‐roughness flow model, TELEMAC‐2D, are used to model a detailed tracer dispersion test in a complex reach of the River Severn in the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) framework. A time efficient, zero equation, spatially distributed eddy viscosity model is derived from physical reasoning and used to close the flow equations. It is shown to have the property of low numerical diffusion, avoiding recourse to a globally large value of the eddy viscosity. For models of complex river flows, there are typically so many degrees of freedom in the specification of distributed parameters owing to the limitations of field data collection, that the identification of a unique model structure is unlikely. The data used here to constrain the model structure come from a continuous tracer injection experiment, comprising six spatially distributed time series of concentration measurements. Several hundred Monte‐Carlo simulations of different model structures were investigated and it was found that multiple model structures produced feasible simulations of the tracer mixing, giving rise to the phenomenon of equifinality. Rather than optimizing the model structure on the basis of the constraining data, we derive relative possibility measures that express our relative degree of belief in each model structure. These measures can then be used as weights for assessing predictive uncertainty when using a range of model structures, to estimate the flow distribution under varying stages, or for providing maps indicating fully distributed confidence limits in the risk assessments process. Such an approach is used here, and helps to identify the circumstances under which two‐dimensional modelling can be useful. The framework is not limited to the model structures that are developed herein, and more advanced process representation techniques can be included as computational efficiency increases. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The lack of credit is often mentioned as one of the major constraints facing small businesses. We use differences in the phasing in of a new lending program designed to serve clients of the largest snack food company in Mexico to identify the impact of credit on outcomes of small retail enterprise in Mexico City. We find that the loans have positive impacts on the smallest firms but negative impacts on larger firms. These results are consistent with hypotheses that smaller firms have higher returns to capital and face greater credit constraints. Given that the program involved loans given for 4‐month terms, we find surprisingly large effects on investment in fixed assets.


Although Model Predictive Torque Control (MPTC) method is considerably noticed during recent decades in literature due to its ability to direct control of several criteria (such as torque and flux), it couldn't find a remarkable role in industrial applications yet. The main challenge is vector selection when the focus on promoting one criterion will cause to lose the others. To solve the conflict, many different methods have been introduced such as applying online weighting factors, ranking methods, sequential methods which all have pros and cons. The proposed method has been designed to select the best vector by considering both criteria (Torque and Flux) impartially. Comparing the results shows, by applying the method, torque ripples are decreased while the other features remain unchanged.


Suday, Sptem er 0, 2018 RESULTS: The minimum percent of the amount of fat aspirated of body weight during the procedure was 7% and the maximum was 22%. Incidence of anemia was 8% of cases. The Results were evaluated by patient's satisfaction score (from 0 to 30). 41 patients reported a score of (25– 30), 5 reported (20–25), 2 reported (15–20) and 2 reported (10–15). The latter 4 patients had minor complications like Seroma and excessive fatigue and tiredness.


A boundary element method(BEM) for solving homogeneous anisotropic piezoelectric problem is presented.The formulation procedure is developed by rewriting the piezoelectric governing equations and using the isotropic elastic and potential fundamental solutions,and the two unknown volume integrals are derived from the Somigliana's identity.The last formulation is four integral equations including four unknown vectors.Although the volume discretion is needed,the solution of the problem is only dependent on the boundary values by eliminating the unknown volume vectors through matrix analysis.A numerical example of piezoelectric bridge is presented to assess the accuracy of the proposed formulation and the method has been validated.


By using the most entire observational meteorological data,the temporal and spatial variations of summer air temperature in 1961—2005 in Xinjiang Region are investigated,and the atmospheric circulation factors causing these variations are also discussed in this study. The results show that there is a consistent variability in the whole Xinjiang Region firstly. The summer air temperature keeps increasing in the recent 45 years,which is consistent with the characteristics of global warming. The most important atmospheric circulation factor affecting the change of Xinjiang summer air temperature is the Baikal ridge. When it is stronger than normal,the summer air temperature in Xinjiang Region is above normal,vice versa. The second EOF mode shows a reverse feature of summer air temperature between northern and southern Xinjiang. Meanwhile this mode is reflected mainly on interannual timescale. The reverse feature of summer air temperature between northern and southern Xinjiang is mainly controlled by Iran high and Ural ridge. When these two atmospheric systems produce a meridional dipole pattern over Xinjiang Region,the anomalous positive and negative geopotential heights,which are divided by Tianshan Mountain,lead to a reverse-phase variability of summer air temperature between northern and southern Xinjiang.


To elucidate the possible modes and molecular mechanisms of heat-induced cell death,Raw264. 7 was used for in vitro studies. The effect of heat on Raw264. 7 cells was detected by flow cytometric analysis and DNA elec-trophoresis. The data show that heat can induce Raw264. 7 cells apoptosis and effectively down-regulate the expres-sion of bcl-2 gene and up-regulate bax gene. It was suggested that apoptosis is an importam cell death pathway taken by the heat-injured Raw264. 7 celis in vitro,the decrease of Bcl-2/Bax ratio may be one of the moleeular mechanisms of heat-induced cell death.


BACKGROUND
Coagulation disorders can cause intracerebral bleeding that may be difficult to detect since subsequent aberrant clot formation may mask early detection. This is an important pitfall because, when diagnosed early, bleeding in these patients is treatable.

CASE DESCRIPTION
A patient with congenital afibrinogenemia presented with recurrent hemiparesis. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage was diagnosed, despite an initial negative CT scan. Diagnosis, therapy, and complications of therapy are discussed.

CONCLUSIONS
Intracerebral hemorrhage must be strongly suspected in any patient with a coagulation disorder presenting with matching clinical symptoms. Therapy must be installed immediately, before additional investigations, and should be continued even when initial neuroimaging is negative.


Abstract : The research topics under this grant included optimal stockage policies for parts which replaced failed components, optimal inspection policies, quality control, and queuing theory applications to inventory. The common thread of this research is the sequential or dynamic aspect of reliability problems. This dynamic aspect showed up in various ways: What order to examine components of a failed part. What ordering rules to use for the failed parts, taking into account that it is is possible to order again later in the future. The mathematical technique applied to the above problems was dynamic programming. When we shifted attention to quality control and the production of components, the dynamic aspect of the problem was still paramount. Now the question was to determine the quality level of a production process using past quality data. The mathematical technique applied to this problem was time series. We have also considered the related decision problem of when the production process should be corrected.


Summary The "4-amino" pteroylglutamic acids profoundly inhibit the growth of the chick embryo, with the production of developmental abnormalities. These compounds are active in the range of 0.003 to 0.005 mg/egg, and their actions are not prevented by large doses of folic acid. The "4-amino" folic acids with aspartic acid, threonine and alanine substituted for the glutamic acid are considerably less toxic but produce similar toxicological effects. Other compounds allied to folic acid are relatively non-toxic and do not possess the growth-inhibitory activity of the "4-amino" compounds. 2,6-diaminopurine, at LD30 doses, does not seem to be an active growth inhibitor, but it produces a pale embryo, presumably deficient in hemoglobin.


This paper presents an application of semantically explainable classifier, Cumulative Fuzzy Class Membership Criterion (CFCMC), in medical domain, specifically for breast cancer detection from histopathological images. This classifier, in contrast with commonly used classifiers for image classification, is able to provide additional information about its classification results in human-friendly form. In this paper, we proposed a means for presenting the additional semantical informations that is potentionally useful for decision-making in medical domain. First, the classifier provides semantic explanation, regarding the possibility of misclassification of the test sample. Alongside with semantics, it provides visualization of similar and non-similar samples of different class. The classification performance of CFCMC is compared against three commonly used classifiers for image classification, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Stacked Auto-encoder (SAE) and Deep Multi-layered Perceptron. The experimental result shows that the CFCMC is not necessarily the best classifier. However, the ability to provide semantic and visual explanation of classification result allows the classifier to be applied as a supporting tool for pathologists in diagnostic of breast cancer.


A crimped carbon fiber having a multilayer structure comprising a hollow structure in the inside, with the inner layer part having a carbon structure containing a herringbone structure and the outer layer part having a carbon structure differing from the carbon structure of the inner layer part. A method for producing a crimped carbon fiber, comprising contacting a carbon source and/or a catalyst source with a sulfur source in a heating zone to produce a vapor grown carbon fiber, wherein the ratio of the molar number of sulfur atom in the sulfur source to the molar number of the catalyst metal atom is 2. 0 or more.


To eliminate the visual blind spot existed in the soil pressure sealed cabin of the shield-type tunneling machine,the machanical,optical and electronic techniques were comprehensively used to make a long-distance direct monitoring of the working state of the blades.Two projects were proposed for continuous surveillance of the state of excavation or intermittent monitoring in stop condition,and the pros and cons of these two means were respectively analyzed and compared.Continuous monitoring can achieve dynamic supervision to cutting tool in the non-shutdown state of computer,but fails to make quantitative analysis to cutting tool.Intermittent monitoring can make quantitative analysis to cutting tool,but can only achieve supervision in the shutdown state of computer.


Rotating cavitation is analysed by means of an actuator disk method. Quasi-steady pressure performance, mass flow gain factor and cavitation compliance are taken into account. Three types of destabilizing modes are observed : rotating cavitation propagating faster than the impeller speed, rotating cavitation propagating opposite to the impeller rotational direction, and rotating stall propagating slower than the impeller speed. It is shown that both of the rotating cavitations are caused by the positive mass flow gain factor, while rotating stall is by the positive slope of the pressure performance. Stability and propagation velocity maps are given for the two types of rotating cavitations in the mass flow gain factor-cavitation compliance plane. The results of the analysis and the experimentally observed rotating cavitations are discussed.


Facundo: An Introduction by Roberto Gonzalez Echevarria Translator's Introduction FACUNDO: CIVILIZATION AND BARBARISM Author's Note Introduction Chapter I. Physical Aspect of the Argentine Republic Chapter II. Argentine Originality and Characters Chapter III. Association Chapter IV. The Revolution of 1810 Chapter V. Life of Juan Facundo Quiroga Chapter VI. La Rioja Chapter VII. Social Life (1825) Chapter VIII. Tests of Strength Chapter IX. Society at War Chapter X. Society at War Chapter XI. Society at War Chapter XII. Society at War Chapter XIII. Barranca-Yaco!!! Chapter XIV. Unitarist Government Chapter XV. Present and Future Glossary of Historical Names Translator's Notes Index


This paper presents an innovative device for self-parking in a v-groove and a self-latching vertical mirror on the suspension diaphragm using the out of plane fiber-optical switch array technique. The self-parking offers integrating the optical fiber and mirror within the same optical switch. The self-latching vertical mirror is supported on the suspension diaphragm by four cantilever beams. The theoretical analysis includes a dynamic simulation using the ANSYS software and corner compensation using the IntelliCAD software. The fabrication process consists of wet etching mircromachining, lithography, and excimer laser ablation. This proposed process is simpler than those proposed in other works. An electrostatic driving voltage is used to operate the optical switch. The mirror is made of a photoresist coating with gold film as the switching element. The reflectivity of the gold film mirror is higher than 85% using a wavelength of 1310nm. The micro-optical switch has a maximum of displacement of 48 micrometers and the switching time is below 0.4 ms with a driving voltage of 100 VDC.


The paper discusses the element and subarray requirements and designs for advanced dual polarized future spaceborne SAR antennas using aperture-coupled microstrip patch elements. Special emphasis is given to achieve high polarization purity, low loss, good port-to-port isolation, high bandwidth and high aperture efficiency. Two design examples are shown for frequencies in C-band (5.3 GHz) and X-band (9.6 GHz) having a port-to-port-isolation of 25 dB and a polarization isolation better than 28 dB.<<ETX>>


Design of usable interfaces has preoccupied information systems researchers for decades however there is still little agreement as to what constitute usable systems. Many complex systems such as electronic medical records (EMR) fail to provide users with an intuitive interface and are not designed for environments where (1) users operate under severe opportunity-cost time pressures and (2) users engage in goal-directed activities to accomplish a task. Under these circumstances, what kind of interface should EMR systems present to clinical users? To answer this question the concept of "intuitive interface" based on theories of human intuition such as cognitive-experiential self-theory and cognitive neuroscience is first defined. Next interviews with clinical staff at two hospitals uncover various aspects of intuitive EMR interfaces, and point to the need to further study and improve this important issue. Significance of this research as well as future research directions are discussed.


This paper analyzes the status of small and micro enterprises in the construction of accounting information. Many small and micro enterprises still remain in the accounting stage of accounting computerization and even manual accounts, and the construction of accounting information is faced with many difficulties. This paper studies the common problems of financial management in different type's small and medium-sized enterprises, and puts forward the improvement scheme for these problems, and analyses the financial needs of small and micro enterprises, and puts forward the design and construction scheme.


The characteristics and the sensing mechanism of a new type of solid-state oxygen sensor using LaF 3 thin film as solid electrolyte are investigated, CuPc thin film is used as the sensor's sensitive electrode and plays a very important role in improving the sensor's response property. The difference in microstructure and chemical constitution between LaF 3 thin film and pure LaF 3 powder is proved by the results of XPS analysis. XPS results show that the atomic concentration ratio of F to La ([F]/[La]) on the LaF 3 thin-film surface is lower than the stoichiometric composition of 3:1, which means that the F element is partially deficient because of partial evaporation of the F atom from the LaF 3 crystal lattice during the sputtering process. These F deficiencies play a very important role in the electron transfer and response speed of the thin-film. The influence on the sensor properties due to such differences is predicted and confirmed by the experimental results.


By the end of July 2007,the fifth largest investment bank of Wall Street in United States announced that two of the Fund's bankruptcy because of sub-loan market crisis,the U.S.sub-loan crisis has emerged,the "Butterfly Effect" caused severe turbulence in global financial markets,from all walks of life around the world more and more attention.In this paper,analyzing China's bank loans market base on the financial crisis to find the strategies of China's commercial banks to guard against the risk of mortgage business,made a personal recommendation for improving China's mortgage market.


Some kind of data has its value and subsidiary data of geographical information. This paper presents a method to visualize this kind of data. A typical example of the data is a value with location information that the value is measured. It helps viewers understanding them to show both of the values and geographical information at the same time. The method we propose plots data on a map using circles painted by color gradation which edges are feathered. We also show algorithm and implementation of the method. The result of plotting data on a map shown in this paper is easy to understand.


Factories must proof different colors on fabric in order to verify the feasibility of the color scheme. This proofing process is time-consuming and laborious. To recolor printed fabric images, a novel image recoloring method was proposed in this paper. This method can provide convenience for printed fabric designers and can be used to simulate printed fabric proofing. The relative total variation model was implemented to remove the fabric image texture and noise. Next, in the CIE1976 L*a*b* color space, the mean-shift clustering algorithm was utilized to segment the reference image and the target image to obtain the separated color regions. Then, the color regions of the reference image and the target image were matched based on the salient map and the values of the L*a*b* channels. Finally, local color transfer was performed between the matched color regions based on the matching results. Experiments were conducted on 100 printed fabrics with different color schemes. Results indicated that the proposed method can transfer the color appearance of the reference printed fabric image to the target printed fabric image and realize printed fabric image recoloring.


Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted over a period of six months (February -July, 2017) in the microbiology laboratory of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 936 bacterial isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from clinical specimens were processed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and screened for multidrug resistance. ESBL production was detected among potential isolates by combination disk diffusion test.


The quantum noises in typical Blu‐ray laser diodes have been modeled after the quantum Langevin formalism into three level rate equations. The required material parameters have also been extracted by using the multiband Hamiltonian for strained wurtzite crystals. The results reveal the existence of an optimum current modulation level to minimize the relative intensity noise.


Helium ions have been implanted into highly pure α-Ti and hydrogenate Ti samples with energy of 140 keV and at dose of 5.2 × 1017 He·cm-2. The retained amount and depth profiles of helium in the samples were determined by means of proton-enhanced-backscattering (PEBS) at room temperature. The changes of He peaks during isochronical annealing at 100, 200, 300°C, ··· were monitored in-situ by PEBS for groups of samples. The process of temperature ramping was not stopped until He peaks almost disappeared and hence the release curves were obtained. It was found that similar 60% of helium was released at 200°C for high-pure α-Ti samples, whereas massive release occurred at 300°C for the samples with H/Ti=0.9 and at 350°C for the samples with H/Ti=0.2. The mechanism of He release and the effect of hydrogen were also discussed.


Glosses in Renaissance Ovids, mythological handbooks, and other sources help to clarify the meaning of Poussin's Realm of Flora in Dresden. In his painting Poussin represented the mortals from Ovid's Metamorphoses who became flowers. The commentaries in Giovanni Andrea dell'Anguillara's Italian translation (first published in 1561), representative of a long tradition, interpret these unfortunate humans as victims of their own passions, and the flowers they become as symbols of vanity and the brevity of life. The article suggests that these allegories illuminate the meaning and melancholic atmosphere of Poussin's painting, a work combining the forms of vanitas and elegy.


Fracturing a limestone or dolomite reservoir and a sandstone reservoir is similar, but only until the acid is introduced into the fracture. Natural or induced flow channels become enlarged by acid reaction. Flow at right angles away from the main fracture is intensified. At this point, matrix sealants or conventional fluid loss additives are only partially effective and penetration by the main fracture into the reservoir will cease. The use of 100-mesh sand in a highly viscous nonreactive fluid spaced between volumes of acid has shown to be very beneficial when severe leakoff away from the fracture face is encountered. Now that the fluid loss in a frac-acid treatment has been controlled, low rates can be used for deep treating fluids in the zone. In the past 1-1/2 yr, several hundred wells in the Levelland and Brownfield areas of Texas have been treated with 100-mesh sand. The results have shown sustained production increases in the bulk of the wells treated. Examples of unit results are shown.


When variational grid generation techniques are used to produce grids suitable for solving numerical partial differential equations in irregular geometries, a reference grid can be used to determine the properties of the desired grid. Grid folding is a major problem in all methods of numerical grid generation; this paper studies the use of a reference grid, in variational smoothing methods, to prevent such foldings. The effects of various types of reference grid are compared and natural reference grids are shown to prevent foldings in the examples studied. The analysis is performed for a model problem with only one free point, and is then applied for finer grids. In addition, a short description of a discrete variational method is given. The reference grid concept applies to this discrete formulation.


This article is a response to the growing radical understanding of religion and the rejection of Pancasila as the nation's ideology in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). This article is also an offer of thought for the Deradicalization of Al-Quran Verses. Namely, as an effort to reinterpret several verses of the Qur'an which have the potential to be understood by some as the basis for acts of violence or coercion of certain ideologies.
In this article, the author uses the theosophical esoteric interpretation approach such as Haidar Amuli (d. 1385), as an analytical tool to explore the content of several verses of the Qur'an related to jihad. This paper can also be referred to as thematic interpretation because the author tries to discuss (analyze) the content of the verses of the Qur'an based on a theme and tries to follow the steps of the thematic method in interpretation.
Through an esoteric approach, in this article, jihad will not only be interpreted as a physical war taking up arms. Jihad has several levels of meaning, such as jihad of ahl shariah, ahl tariqah, and ahl haqiqa. Furthermore, by analyzing the historical context, the jihad verses can be interpreted as a movement for mental revolution and social moral improvement.


This article explores the relations between the political manage of legislative factions and the technical-administrative support of the Costa Rican parliament from the point of view of the bills procedures efficiency


Student's art ensemble is important composition in campus culture construction,it can enrich the students'sparetime and reflect the spirit and idea of the present age students.It raises their aesthetic judgment,culture and art mastery,it helps to quality education and ideological education.It gives realization of the construction of student's art ensemble.


Degenerative schwannomas are rare benign tumors. The patient presented in this case report complained of a dull left upper quadrant pain for several months. A computed tomography scan revealed a low-density lesion at the level of T12. The lesion was laparoscopically resected and pathologic examination revealed a degenerative schwannoma.


The temperature dependence of the pyroelectric coefficient p8 of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF2) was measured from 307 K to the previously unexplored region of 3 K. The measurements were performed on a film of oriented (b-phase! PVF2 by monitoring its surface charge response to quasistatic heating and cooling transients. The data exhibit a pure cubic temperature dependence from 3 t 6 K with no evidence of a linear term. This is consistent with the prediction by Szigeti and the Debye limit, respectively, for the primary ~i.e., strain-free! and secondary contributions to pyroelectricity. The data from ;20 to;150 K, which include the region of largest change, are well fit by an exponential function ~ .e., a0e ), corresponding to a thermal activation energy of u5(25.960.06) K. Our data forp8, from 100 to 250 K, are approximately proportional to the thermal expansion coefficient, recently published by Hartwig, which indicates that the observed pyroelectricity is dominated by piezoelectric~i.e., secondary ! contributions in that temperature regime. @S0163-1829 ~97!08211-8#


This paper focuses on analyzing the diversity of damage mechanisms of glass fiber-resin composite materials (GF-EP) resulting from different weaving methods by using acoustic emission (AE) technique. In the study, the experiments were carried out by continuous monotonic loading of three types of samples under uniaxial tension until failure with simultaneous recording of the parameters of acoustic emission signal. With the wavelet analysis and k-means identification clustering, the analyzing outcomes display that the AE parameters of diverse specimens with different fiber weaving are variant, especially for fiber-breakage signals. Results of this study demonstrate the potential of an AE based approach to identify the damage of various fibrous layers.


Abstract Single crystals of the lithium nickel dioxide compound Li 1− z Ni 1+ z O 2 with z =0.075 have been successfully synthesized by a flux method for the first time. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study confirmed trigonal symmetry, R 3 m space group, and the lattice parameters a =2.8899(13) A and c =14.1938(17) A. The cation distribution in Li 0.925 Ni 1.075 O 2 was determined to be (Li 0.744 Ni 0.256 ) 3 a [Li 0.181 Ni 0.819 ] 3 b O 2 with a final R value of 2.68% using 202 independent observed reflections. The relationships between cation distributions and structural parameters for Li 1− z Ni 1+ z O 2 compounds have been summarized and discussed using the 37 reported structural data. The magnetization measurements of the present single crystal samples confirmed the history dependence of temperature versus M / H maximum at about 60 K.


Forming Limit Diagrams (FLD's) can be defined by the criteria of either diffuse or localized necks. We used Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) in commercial 1100 aluminum sheet metals annealed at 400°C to determine the strains at which both types of neck started in uniaxial tension (U) and in quasi plane strain tension (PS) tests. In biaxial (B) loading we observed only the localized neck, but we were also able to detect a small defective spot at which fracture was incubated. The strains that produced the diffuse neck and the defective spot were approximately comparable to those predicted by Swift's criterion for plastic instability. The difference between the FLD defined by a diffuse neck or by a defective spot leading to fracture and the one defined by a localized neck was found to be very noticeable in the U tests and less important, but still significant, in the PS and B tests. We found also that maximum load occurred at some point within the diffuse neck region and that afterwards the load carrying capacity was still substantial. We thus conclude that the decision on the criterion to use should be based on parts quality, safety and costs.


Although the problem of static electric protection of MOS integrated circuits is by no means new, very little definitive information is available in the literature on this topic. While many models have been proposed for testing protection techniques, justification for their usage is frequently questionable. One of the primary purposes of this paper is to present a realistic model of the human body for static electric protection purposes. A circuit consisting of a 150 picofarad capacitor, a 20K ohm series resistor, and an ordinary high voltage relay was tested and found to closely simulate the human body. In choosing this model, several other approaches were discarded because of lack of correlation to the actual problem. The protection requirements are examined and electrical, technological, and circuit layout requirements are indicated. Failure mechanisms which commonly occur are found to be oxide damage, pn junction destruction, and metal shorts. Various protection schemes are examined both as proposed in the literature and as used by several manufacturers, fhe resistor, diode, field plate diode, thick field MOS transistor, punch through, gated punch through, and spark gap devices are described. Using the elec-


INTRODUCTION At the initial office visit, blood pressure should be measured in both arms, ideally with electronic devices that can measure them simultaneously. SBP difference between arms >10 mmHg must be confirmed by repeated measurements. If confirmed, the arm with the higher blood pressure should be used for all subsequent measurements, as its values more accurately reflect the level of blood pressure in the major arteries. Using blood pressure readings on the arm with higher pressure improves outcome prediction. A consistent difference in SBP between the arms >15 to 20 mmHg may be due to atherosclerosis and restriction of the large intrathoracic or supraclavicular arteries, necessitating investigation of arterial disease. The blood pressure values on the right and left brachialis arteries differ in most cases, and the higher one is taken as more accurate. Prognostic significance: for each 10 mmHg difference according to Agarwal (2008), the relative risk of total mortality increases by 24%. In order to accurately assess the degree of hypertension, the spontaneous variability of pressure as a function of time and the pressure difference between the arms must be taken into account. WORK OBJECTIVES: 1. Analysis of spontaneous blood pressure variability upon arrival and repeated after 5 to 30 minutes; 2. Blood pressure differences between the left (LR) and right arm (DR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted from the database of the "Dr. Bastać" Internal Medicine Practice on 26 patients, average age 58±12 years, with newly discovered hypertension by measuring blood pressure with the indirect manometer method at the first examination immediately after arrival and after 15 minutes. The control group consists of 28 patients who do not have hypertension. The data were statistically processed with the Student's T test. WORK RESULTS The mean value (Xsr) of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SKP/DKP) of the examined group on arrival is 166/92 mmHg on the right hand (DR), and 161/93 mmHg on the left hand (LR). and after rest at DR 153/90 mmHg and LR 149/87. There is a statistically highly significant difference especially between the CAP on the hands - it is always higher on the right hand by an average of 5 mmHg (p=0.002) and 4 mmHg after rest. Spontaneous variability was determined in 10 (40%) subjects where there was a statistically significant drop in tension after rest. After a 15-minute rest, the significance of pressure differences between arms is maintained, but the high variability of 40% post-rest pressure variability is lost. CONCLUSION: Pressure on arrival in newly diagnosed untreated patients is always higher on the right arm by an average of 5 mmHg (p=0.002), and after rest 4 mmHg, this difference is maintained. Spontaneous variability was determined in 10 (40%) subjects where there was a statistically significant drop in tension after rest. After 15 minutes of rest, the significance of the pressure differences between the arms is maintained, but the high pressure variability is lost.


Objective: To relate the food consumption of the previous day and family income of children under 6 months to 2 years of age living in the metropolitan region of Belém, Pará. Methodology: Descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study with application of an online questionnaire via google forms, carried out in the metropolitan region of Belém-Pará, which covers 3 municipalities (Belém, Ananindeua and Marituba). The questions formulated in the food survey were based on food consumption markers from the SISVAN platform. Results: 221 responses from caregivers were obtained. Most declared to receive up to a monthly minimum wage. breast milk was consumed by all children younger than 6 months. In children aged over six months to two years, it was observed that breastfeeding did not occur continuously in children from groups with higher family income, and the ingestion of ultra-processed foods by children with lower incomes was observed. Conclusion: The data demonstrate dietary inadequacy, habits that are configured for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases throughout life. In addition, there is a low consumption of fresh and minimally processed foods, as well as an inadequate introduction of ultra-processed foods, especially in children belonging to families with lower incomes.


Richard Charles Eve was best known for his work in GP education, creating and piloting PUNs and DENs (patient's unmet needs and doctor's educational needs) in 1994. This educational tool has since become widespread as a learning model, adopted by …


This dataset represents a large, nationally representative sample of United States residents (N = 1180) about their technology use behaviors and how they participate in social, civic, and political activities. The survey was conducted in 2012 on the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. Question categories include the degree to which respondents use various technologies, how they use technologies for various purposes, and what kinds of activities they participate in regularly outside of the home. This dataset represents a lens into the daily technological lives of U.S. residents and how technology may influence various public activities, such as social, civic, and political participation.


General reasons of crisis of contemporary public library in Italy are made more complex by the history of this institution. In fact, to understand the troubled history of public libraries in Italy, it is necessary to consider some more general factors that have marked the birth of the unitary state: the tendency to extreme polarization of opinions, the specific development of the political form of the country, suspended between centralism and the demands of local governments. The understanding of the conditions of its origin may provide the Italian public library a possible horizon for its future development, its specific sense of history.


Objective Intrinsic and/or acquired resistance is the major obstacle to overcome in the treatment of patients with breast cancer.The aimof the present study was toinvestigate the relationship betweenthe expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1(MRP1)withthe clinicpathological characteristics andthe prognosisin primary breast cancer patients.Methods Expression of MRP1in60 breast can-cer patients was determined byimmunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded tumor section.Results(1) MRP1expressionwas observedin 51 of 60(85.0 %).(2)MRP1expression was more frequently observedin patients withlymph nodemetastasis.No relation canbe established between expression of MRP1and other clinicophathological parameters.(3)Kaplan-Meier analyses revealedthat MRP1expres-siononly associated with disease-free survival(DFS) and didn't with overall survival(OS).(4) In multivariate Cox regressionanalyses,MRP1expression didn't associate with DFS,and OS.In addition,tumor size,lymph node metastasis and ER were independent prog-nostic factors for DFSand OS(P0.05).Conclusion Our results suggestedthat MRP1isfrequently expressionin primary breast cancer,butMRP1is not a poor prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer.


Defect related states and excitonic transitions in epitaxial GaN have been studied by combining cathodoluminescence and transmission electron microscopy. A series of deep levels with energies at about 2.4, 2.6 and 2.8 eV has been found by low temperature cathodoluminescence on free-standing 150 μm thick epitaxial GaN. These deep levels are characterised by a high recombination efficiency. They are radiative from 5 to 70 K and undergo a nonradiative transition at 70 K. These levels completely quench the near band edge and the conventional yellow emissions. We discuss the structural origin of these defects in terms of formation of VGa–SiGa and VGa–ON complexes. The consequences of our model with respect to non radiative transitions at threading dislocations are also presented. An excitonic transition at 3.41 eV close to the near band edge line on differently grown epitaxial GaN has been correlated to stacking faults. This line can be explained by a model based on the concept of excitons bound to SFs that form a quantum well of cubic material in the wurtzite lattice of the layer.


Introduction The Italian Radical Cystectomy Registry (Registro Italiano Cistectomie – RIC) aimed to analyse outcomes of a multicenter series of patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer. Material and methods An observational, prospective, multicenter, cohort study was performed to collect data from RC and urinary diversion via open (ORC), laparoscopic (LRC), or robotic-assisted (RARC) techniques performed in 28 Italian Urological Departments. The enrolment was planned from January 2017 to June 2020 (goal: 1000 patients), with a total of 1425 patients included. Chi-square and t-tests were used for categorical and continuous variables. All tests were 2-sided, with a significance level set at p <0.05. Results Overall median operative-time was longer in RARCs (390 minutes, IQR 335–465) than ORCs (250, 217–309) and LRCs (292, 228–350) (p <0.001). Lymph node dissection (LND) was performed more frequently in RARCs (97.1%) and LRCs (93.5%) than ORCs (85.6%) (p <0.001), with extended-LND performed 2-fold more frequently in RARCs (61.6%) (p <0.001). The neobladder rate was significantly higher (more than one-half) in RARCs. The median estimated blood loss (EBL) rate was lower in RARCs (250 ml, 165–400) than LRCs (330, 200–600) and ORCs (400, 250–600) (p <0.001), with intraoperative blood transfusion rates of 11.4%, 21.7% and 35.6%, respectively (p <0.001). The conversion to open rate was slightly higher in RARCs (6.8%) than LRCs (4.3%). Intraoperative complications occurred in 1.3% of cases without statistically significant differences among the approaches. Conclusions Data from the RIC confirmed the need to collect as much data as possible in a multicenter manner. RARCs proves to be feasible with perioperative complication rates that do not differ from the other approaches.


Abstract Surface longwave radiation fluxes dominate the energy budget of nighttime polar regions, yet little is known about the relative accuracy of existing satellite-based techniques to estimate this parameter. We compare eight methods to estimate the downwelling longwave radiation flux and to validate their performance with measurements from two field programs in the Arctic: the Coordinated Eastern Arctic Experiment (CEAREX) conducted in the Barents Sea during the autumn and winter of 1988, and the Lead Experiment performed in the Beaufort Sea in the spring of 1992. Five of the eight methods were developed for satellite-derived quantities, and three are simple parameterizations based on surface observations. All of the algorithms require information about cloud fraction, which is provided from the NASA–NOAA Television and Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) polar pathfinder dataset (Path-P); some techniques ingest temperature and moisture profiles (also from Path-...


The patient preference predictor (PPP) is a computerbased algorithm devised to predict the medical treatment that decisionally incapacitated patients would have preferred. The target paper argues against various criticisms to the effect that the use of a PPP is inconsistent with proper respect for patient autonomy. In this commentary, I aim to add some clarifications to the complex relationship between autonomy and the PPP. First, I highlight one way in which the decision of a surrogate designated by the patient realises respect for patient autonomy in a way that PPP cannot realise by introducing the idea of shared agency. Second, I show how the attempt to predict someone's hypothetical choice can be disrespectful to her autonomy.


A system and method for desulphurizing an oxidation catalyst enhances fuel economy and reduces noxious exhaust gas emission as a consequence of increasing desulphurization period of the oxidation catalyst or shortening desulfurization time by reflecting desulfurization history consisting of natural desulphurization occurrence. The method may include detecting an inlet temperature of the oxidation catalyst, estimating natural desulphurization according to the inlet temperature of the oxidation catalyst, and resetting desulphurization time or desulphurization period by reflecting the estimated natural desulphurization.


Using a feminist critique, this article explores the sliding scale of value attributed by law to unpaid caregiving in the (heterosexual) family context. Whereas in private family law, recent decisions have radically changed the direction of this discourse and placed a very high value on such a contribution to family life where it occurs in the married context, the same kind of caregiving activity is attributed afar diminished value within cohabitation law whilst, when sited within statedependent single parenthood, its value becomes at best nonexistent or even negative, with paid work assumed to be the carer's ultimate goal. This article considers some issues arising from this evolving legal framework from the perspective of gender relations. What are the implications from an equality-seeking perspective only valuing caregiving highly in dependent patriarchal relationships, particularly in a society that continues to retreat from the welfare state? Might greater participation of men in unpaid caregiving remove obstacles inherent in the gendered nature of the debate and permit a more positive reconfiguration of the discourse surrounding it? What effect might the extension of the law of financial relief to civil partners have on the discourse from an equality perspective?


Humanistic idea of teaching focuses on the individual value and difference and provides a theoretical base for individualized English teaching.It respects the individual personality and requirement,and regards teaching activity as a process of pushing the learner"from novice to higher level".The present experiment shows that the implicit grading can improve the teaching,learning interest,learning confidence and initiative,language competence and ability of application,which finally leads to the best learning effect.


PT Bihun Tani is a firm which is focused in producing rice vercimelli or known as rice noodle. On a system part of packaging is often happened "stackings", it is caused by the system of glueing which does not work very well. Glueing the rice noodle still uses a manual or traditional way by using the help of candles. Rice noodles, which are packaged every day, can reach 506 bales and the rice noodles, which are produced everyday can reach 800 bales per day. Glueing, which is implemented in a manual way will cause what we call "stackings". The analysis of work measurement is applied, to seek how much time for glueing the rice noodle between using a manual way or with the help of tools. Based on the obtained results, the time of glueing the rice noodle using the help of candles will take 12,22 seconds, while the time of glueing using the help of "Hand Sealer" tools can spend even more better, 5.58 seconds. Next, working on analysis of feasability investment which consists of technical aspects, human resource aspect and financial aspects. From the view of technical aspect, from the calcuation, which had been made before, that "Hand Sealer" tools must be invested at least 2 units. In a aspect of Human Resource, with the same amount of labor as many as 6 people who use the results of packaging wax while 468 bales of packaging results using " Hand Sealer" as much as 618 bales. In order packaging can be done with the maximum, the operator takes as many as 8 people 6 people in packaging and 2 people in glueing part by using the tools. The last but not least, in a view of financial aspects the benefits arising from the use of sizing wax is IDR 599.183.640 , while the benefits to be gained when using " Hand Sealer" of IDR 916.246.995. Investment feasibility of measuring instruments used is the calculation of NPV and Payback Period . NPV calculations are done there are 2 of the previous 5-year NPV calculation and NPV investment "Hand Sealer" . NPV 5 years earlier obtained values of IDR 7.984.738.558 and the payback period for 0.50 Year . While NPV investment tool Hand Sealer obtained value of IDR 8.961.286.056 and the payback period for Year 0.004 . On the whole aspect showed that by investing tool hand sealer feasible.


The advantages and disadvantages of several modifications of the original Wilson & Byrom (1939) technique for producing Goldblatt renal hypertension in the rat have been described (Schaffenburg, 1959; Leenen & de Jong, 1971; Brooks, Brown & Muirhead, 1972; Burns & Robbins, 1972). A simple and efficient means of partially constricting the renal artery in rats has been developed in our laboratory. For this purpose we have employed a Hemoclip Applier with its fitted tantalum clips (Edward Weck Co. Long Island City, New York model number 523140 and 523135). This instrument has been used for a wide range of clinical procedures necessitating vessel ligation (Samuels, Roedling & others, 1966). By modifying the Hemoclip Applier in a similar manner to that used by Schaffenburg (1959) to modify his needle holder, we were able to provide a standardized occlusion of a renal artery for the production of a stable hypertension in the rat. The instrument was fitted with a number 440 brass machine screw and locking nut 0.5 cm from the hinge such that the degree of closure of the instrument could be adjusted. The screw was adjusted until the degree of clip closure was set at 0.2 mm internal diameter, the degree of constriction noted by Leenen & de Jong (1971) to produce a predictable hypertension. This calibration was performed by closing a clip around a piece of number 32 enameled copper wire having a known diameter of 0.2 mm, and tightening the locking nut. The animals were anaesthetized with ether, and via a left lateral incision, the clip was placed around the left renal artery in a similar manner to that described by Wilson & Byrom (1939). Utilizing this instrument, we were able to produce a stable hypertension, i.e. systolic blood pressure greater than 150 mm Hg determined plethysmographically in the conscious rat via the tail artery, in both the so-called "two kidney" (renal artery clipped, contralateral kidney untouched) and "one kidney" (renal artery clipped with contralateral nephrectomy) Goldblatt models. In our most recent study, the incidence of hypertension in both models was 94% (n = 36). If desired, the occlusion may be released by reopening the incision under anaesthesia, grasping the two tips of the clip with two curved mosquito haemostats, and spreading them apart. We feel that the desirable features of this method include the simple modification of the commercially available instrument; the reliable standardization of occlusion; and the tantalum clip being closed at both ends precludes its slipping from the artery. The ease of application also permits large numbers of animals to be prepared in a minimal amount of time.


A scheme of pulse based neural circuits for object tracking is proposed. Different from the conventional frame-based methodology, the proposed design utilises parallel arrays of circuits to extract pixels with significant temporal contrast, which are indicators of moving objects. It can be implemented on an FPGA chip in full parallelism and improves the tracking performance dramatically. Moreover, its integrate-and-fire neural model can cluster concave data sets. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms conventional methods.


The paper is focused on computation of a compressive strength of composite materials by limit analysis. This method enables to determine the strength or other types of limit loads by solution of a specific optimization problem. It is also capable to predict failure zones. Abilities of the method are investigated on a particular composite -- a laboratory prepared sample consisting of a hard coal matrix and a polyurethane binder. This sample is chosen due to available CT images of the inner structure and laboratory experiments. Appropriate yield criteria are proposed for the coal and the binder in order to define the limit analysis problem. This problem is penalized and then discretized by higher order finite elements. For numerical solution, the semismooth Newton method and adaptive mesh refinements are also used. Numerical experiments in 2D for various CT scans and material parameters are performed.


A category of methods usually called Image Based rendering has appeared recently to produce realistic images of objects. Instead of creating models from geometric primitives which are then rendered according to the point of view and the illumination given, the light reflected/emitted from objects is captured from enough different points of view to be able to reconstruct the light received from the objects from any new point of view. The resulting data structure is usually called a light field. This approach has many advantages, but also many disadvantages, the most obvious one being that the data has been captured under a specific illumination condition, and there is very little information to be able to reshade the objects, and therefore to be able to insert them into arbitrary new environments. We propose here a series of techniques which allows reshading light fields. We assume that there is no depth information available with the light field, and our steps consists of the following: (1) determining a coarse geometric shape of the object by creating an octree of cells occupied by the object, (2) estimating surface normals from the boundary points so determined, (3) estimating the reflectance properties by making simplifying assumptions about the surface reflectance function. Once these steps are done, one can insert the object within standard geometric models, determine visibility and shade the whole scene (including shadows and intereflection if necessary) to produce images where light fields and geometric objects are integrated. We have only began the implementation work, and this paper is a research plan rather than a report of results. In it we give the motivation and backgroundfor our application, and describe the techniques we plan to use, and give the reasons we selected them.


The U.S. Bureau of Mines has been conducting research to optimize the design and utilization of mine roof support systems. An objective of these efforts is to evaluate the mechanical and structural responses of various mine roof support systems under simulated load conditions in the Bureau's mine roof simulator. Underground studies are also made to evaluate the in situ behavior of support structures. The purpose of this report is to document practical applications for longwall face and gate road supports that have resulted from these studies. This report is not intended to be an all-inclusive manual on every aspect of support utilization, but it does provide a comprehensive assessment of practical considerations relating to the mechanical and structural behavior of these support systems. Forty-six recommendations are made to provide assistance to mine operators in the testing, selection, and utilization of longwall face and grate road supports. Many of these recommendations offer innovative solutions to everyday problems faced by mining personnel in the control of ground in longwall mining.


The recently proposed YEARS algorithm was shown to safely exclude pulmonary embolism (PE) and reduce the use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) among pregnant women with suspected PE. Our aim was to externally validate this finding.


Soybean plots were planted in a replicated 2¥2 factorial arrangement of row width [0.18-m (7-in.) or 0.91-m (36-in.) rows] and tillage [without prior tillage (no-till) or following primary and secondary tillage]. Additional unreplicated conventional and no-till plots were planted in 0.91-m rows and were cultivated after planting. A rainfall simulator was used to apply a two-rainstorm sequence to a 9-m section of each plot when the soybean plants had from 6 to 11 main stem nodes (four to eight weeks after planting). Inflow was added during the second rainstorm to simulate longer slope lengths. Sediment size distribution and rill development were measured. The study was conducted in 1989 (the first year of no-till, after one year conventional tillage, after sod) and repeated in 1991 (second year no-till after treatments were rerandomized on plots in 1990). Results were similar for both years. In general, erosion rates were several times higher with conventional tillage than with no-till planting at the crop stage tested. Planting in 0.18-m rows doubled erosion rates compared to wide row planting during this crop growth stage. However, most striking was the large increase in erosion caused by row cultivation. Cultivation without intervening rainfall prior to the simulated rainstorm sequence increased soil loss 20-fold for the conventional tillage system and 40-fold for the no-till planted system. Erosion rates from a 70-mm rainstorm in one hour on a simulated 60-m, 6% slope planted in 0.91-m rows oriented up-and-down hill and cultivated averaged 57 Mg/ha for conventional tillage and 36 Mg/ha for no-till planting. Although the silt loam soil contained essentially no sand, between 20 and 30% of this sediment eroded as sand-sized aggregates.


The present invention relates to a method for managing multimedia content, system, and program product. It is composed of a combination of the high level content model for a particular type of multimedia content (high level content model) and the low level physical model for mapping to the data engine (low level physical model). Such a method, system and program product comprises an object representing a multimedia content management, and managing objects in a relational database (relational database). The relational database is suited, and each relational database table to represent the data in a plurality of relational database table having at least one row having a plurality of columns. Content, and the object with the item and associated with a first one of a row in a relational database table, if the additional component of the object exists is managed by associating an additional component to the additional relational database tables.


An unambiguous definition of Feynman amplitudes in the Wess-Zumino-Witten sigma model and the Chern-Simon gauge theory with a general Lie group is determined by a certain geometric structure on the group. For the WZW amplitudes, this is a (bundle) gerbe with connection of an appropriate curvature whereas for the CS amplitudes, the gerbe has to be additionally equipped with a multiplicative structure assuring its compatibility with the group multiplication. We show that for simple compact Lie groups the obstruction to the existence of a multiplicative structure is provided by a 2-cocycle of phases that appears in the Polyakov-Wiegmann formula relating the Wess-Zumino action functional of the product of group-valued fields to the sum of the individual contributions. These phases were computed long time ago for all compact simple Lie groups. If they are trivial, then the multiplicative structure exists and is unique up to isomorphism.


The effects of a type of regularization for finite temperatures on the restoration of chiral and axial symmetries are investigated within the SU(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The regularization consists in using an infinite cutoff in the integrals that are convergent at finite temperature, a procedure that allows one to take into account the effects of high momentum quarks at high temperatures. It is found that the critical temperature for the phase transition is closer to lattice results than the one obtained with the conventional regularization, and the restoration of chiral and axial symmetries, signaled by the behavior of several observables, occurs simultaneously and at a higher temperature. The restoration of the axial symmetry appears as a natural consequence of the full recovering of the chiral symmetry that was dynamically broken. By using an additional ansatz that simulates instanton suppression effects, by means of a convenient temperature dependence of the anomaly coefficient, we found that the restoration of U(2) symmetry is shifted to lower values, but the dominant effect at high temperatures comes from the new regularization that enhances the decrease of quark condensates, especially in the strange sector.


When translocated into wheat, the short arm of the 1R chromosome of rye carries with it linked resistance genes to powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust and stem rust. The translocation is also reported to increase yield potential of hard wheats. However, many doughs made from some 1BL/1RS hard wheats are unacceptable for breadmaking purposes because of excessive stickiness and mixing intolerance. 1BL/1RS wheats may be sticky because of: the inheritance of secalin proteins from rye and absence of key glutenin subunits; higher amounts and/or differences in the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, β-glucans and pentosans; and/or the presence of a ferulic acid ester moiety residing with the water-soluble fraction of 1BL/1RS flours. None of these hypotheses has been proven or disproven, to date, as a cause of excessive stickiness. Investigators have found that 1BL/1RS doughs are not uniformly sticky and are in some instances less sticky than non-1BL/1RS doughs. Significant genotype–environment interactions have been reported for dough stickiness and flour quality characteristics of 1BL/1RS wheats. Investigators have generally failed to find significant differences in the breadmaking performance of 1BL/1RS and non-1BL/1RS hard wheats despite a report that 1BL/1RS doughs break down and soften during high-speed mixing. The 1BL/1RS translocation has been shown to reduce cookie spread of soft wheat flours but has no deleterious effects on cake volume or texture.

© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry


This article describes an approximate analytical solution for the LP01 and LP11 modes in a step-index optical fiber with Kerr nonlinearity provided that only two these modes propagate in the fiber. A well-known Gauss approximation method was used to obtain a system of characteristic equations and expressions for propagation constants of the above modes under the conditions considered. Using the obtained formulas, there were calculated the spectral dependences of the LP01 and LP11 modes propagation constants for the sample of a step optical fiber.


A 7-days-old male neonate with anorectal malformation (ARM) presented with abdominal distension and bleeding per rectum. He had an operation for ARM (Anoplasty) a day after birth and the patient had history of passing stool normally for two days. It was followed by blood mixed stool and abdominal distension. On examination, the patient had features of mild dehydration and sepsis. The abdomen was distended and a mass was palpable on left side of abdomen. Perineal examination showed attempt of a primary anoplasty performed at other hospital for absent anal opening to decompress the bowel. Haematological and biochemical investigations including coagulation profile were in the normal limits. X-ray abdomen in AP erect view revealed multiple air fluid levels. Patient was resuscitated with intravenous (IV) fluids. Antibiotics and analgesics were started. In view of abdominal distension, palpable abdominal mass, and history of bloody stool, we kept the possibility of intussusception in mind. Exploratory laparotomy was performed after about four hours of admission. Intraoperatively, ileocolic intussusception was found, which was advancing up to the sigmoid colon (Fig.1). It was not possible to manually reduce the intussusception owing to ischemic intussusceptum, thus resection of bowel with ileostomy and colonic mucous fistula (Transverse colon) were made. On opening the resected bowel, no pathological lead point was found. Patient was discharged in good general condition on fifth post-operative day of procedure. Sitz bath and care of perineal wound was advised. Patient was in regular follow up or two months with satisfactory condition. However, he did not turn up in third month. On telephonic inquiry, it was informed that the patient developed ileostomy diarrhoea and succumbed to dehydration.