Authors : Sergey A. Lurie, Yury O. Solyaev, Dmitry B. Volkov-Bogorodsky, Alexander V. Volkov Abstract : The media with voids is considered and the method of the analytical estimation of the effective mechanical properties in the theory of elastic materials with voids is proposed. The variational model of the porous media is discussed, which is based on the model of the media with fields of conserved dislocations. It is shown that this model is fully consistent with the known model of the linear elastic materials with voids. In the present work, the generalized model of the porous media is proposed in which the specific surface properties are associated with the field of defects-pores in the volume of the deformed body. Unlike typical surface elasticity model, the strain energy density of the considered model includes the special part of the surface energy with the quadratic form of the free distortion tensor. In the result, the non-classical boundary conditions take modified form of the balance equations of volume and surface stresses. The analytical approach is proposed in the present work which allows to receive the simple enough engineering estimations for effective characteristics of the media with free dilatation. In particular, the effective flexural modulus and Poisson's ratio are determined for the problem of a beam pure bending. Here, the known voids elasticity solution was expanded on the generalized model with the surface effects. Received results allow us to compare the deformed state of the porous beam with the equivalent classic beam to introduce effective bending rigidity. Obtained analytical expressions for the effective properties depend on the thickness of the beam as a parameter. It is shown that the flexural modulus of the porous beam is decreased with an increasing of its thickness and the effective Poisson's ratio of the porous beams can take negative values for the certain values of the model parameters. On the other hand, the effective shear modulus is constant under variation of all values of the non-classical model parameters. Solutions received for a beam pure bending and the hydrostatic loading of the porous media are compared. It is shown that an analytical estimation for the bulk modulus of the porous material under hydrostatic compression gives an asymptotic value for the effective bulk modulus of the porous beam in the case of beam thickness increasing. Additionally, it is shown that the scale effects appear due to the surface properties of the porous media. Obtained results allow us to offer the procedure of an experimental identification of the non-classical parameters in the theory of the linear elastic materials with voids based on the bending tests for samples with different thickness. Finally, the problem of implementation of the Saint-Venant hypothesis for the transverse stresses in the porous beam are discussed. These stresses are different from zero in the solution of the voids elasticity theory, but satisfy the integral equilibrium equations. In this work, the exact value of the introduced surface parameter was found, which provides the vanishing of the transverse stresses on the free surfaces of a beam.


The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the 47, XXY syndrome, which is the most commonly occurring X and Y chromosomal variation. This paper seeks to review what is currently known of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and 47, XXY and investigate potential risks and benefits of prenatal identification.


Aiming at necessary to build landscape characteristics of small and medium-sized city,article analyzes of landscape characteristics at small and medium-sized city in the process of building a prominent advantage,and proposes building a strategy for small and medium-sized city to build the characteristics of the landscape must have guiding significance.


The active participation of nurses in evidence-based practice (EBP) is challenging and topical, as shown by the worldwide calls for appropriate, accessible, affordable care and the de-implementation of unnecessary care. Nurses' perceived support from their managers and work environments may affect their self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in EBP, as well as hinder them in EBP. Associations between these issues have not yet been explored. This study examines the association of self-efficacy and outcome expectancy levels in EBP, as well as the perceived support for EBP from nurse leaders and in the working environment, among Dutch hospital nurses. Methods. Questionnaires measuring nurses' self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and perceived support for EBP from nurse leaders and their work environment were completed by 306 nurses in eight hospitals between March 2021 and June 2021. We used multilevel regression analyses to determine the associations and covariates. Results. This study shows that EBP-supportive leaders and work environments positively contribute to nurses' self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in EBP, along with the covariates undertaking EBP activities and educational level. Conclusions. To improve nurses' active participation in EBP, nurses need to increase their self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in EBP. Supportive leaders and a supportive work environment do have an impact. Hence, these factors need attention when implementing EBP among nurses.


Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn much attention for their highly promising applications, but the applications are often obstructed by the congenitally hydrothermal instability of the MOFs. Hybridizing the MOFs with other materials has been proved to be effective to solve the hydrothermal problems. Herein, a vapor-induced crystallization (VIC) method is employed for the first time to fabricate the hybrid MOFs based on the Cu-BTC and the natural clay attapulgite (NCA). Compared with the traditional solvothermal method for the hybridization, the VIC one has the obvious advantages of both reducing the solvent consumption and inducing the crystals self-repairing to generate perfect crystals of the hybrid MOFs. With an appropriate content of the NCA, the hybrid MOFs are proved to be highly stable even undergoing the hot water vapor (90 °C) for 12 h. The hybrid MOFs also exhibit the improved catalytic activity in catalyzing the styrene oxide ring-opening. The molar conversion of the styrene oxide over ...


The working-class pedagogy, or 'resistance education' of Chris Searle; his identification of linguistic colonialism; his practice of critical literacy as embracing the lives, experiences and imaginations of his students; and the massive body of work, from Stepney Words onwards, in which he has set this down, comprise an unparalleled resource for radical educationalists seeking to develop the practice — and theory — of critical literacy and working-class pedagogy. Yet, while concepts such as linguistic colonialism have been elaborated to furnish the careers of more high-profile intellectuals and academics on the cultural Left, that same cultural Left, in its concern with a self-limiting identity politics, has sidelined the challenging, revolutionary implications of Searle's approach and methods. In the process, Searle has been left 'standing in the shadows', much like the musicians who originally crafted the Motown sound — the Funk Brothers — and made that phenomenon possible.


A method is introduced for distinguishing top jets (boosted, hadronically decaying top quarks) from light quark and gluon jets using jet substructure. The procedure involves parsing the jet cluster to resolve its subjets, and then imposing kinematic constraints. With this method, light quark or gluon jets with p T ≃ 1 TeV can be rejected with an efficiency of around 99% while retaining up to 40% of top jets. This reduces the dijet background to heavy t ¯ t resonances by a factor of ∼ 10 , 000, thereby allowing resonance searches in t ¯ t to be extended into the all-hadronic channel. In addition, top-tagging can be used in t ¯ t events when one of the tops decays semi-leptonically, in events with missing energy, and in studies of b -tagging efficiency at high p T .


In this paper we present our work on adapting a state-of-the-art anaphora resolution system for a resource poor language, namely Bengali. Performance of any anaphoric resolver greatly depends on the quality of a high accurate mention detector. We develop a number of models for mention detection based on heuristics and machine learning. Our experiments show that, a language-dependent system can attain reasonably good performance when re-trained on a new language with a proper subset of features. The system yields the MUC recall, precision and F-measure values of 57.80%, 79.00% and 66.70%, respectively. Our experiments with other available scorers show the F-measure values of 59.47%, 49.83%, 31.81% and 70.82% for BCUB, CEAFM, CEAFE and BLANC, respectively.


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 Indonesian capital market as a part of world capital market is influenced much by the movement in other capital markets. Some prominent capital markets especially in East Asia, except Japan's Nikkei show that their movement influence the movement of Indonesia Capital Market significantly, namely capital market of Korea, China and Hongkong. Yet, another interesting finding that Indonesian Capital market index is determined by his own index aswell namely one month lags of his index. These findings recommend Indonesia capital market authority to pay attention closely to these markets, and one month lag of his own index, since the bad impact to these markets will bring bad impact as well to Indonesian Capital Market. Onother finding also that the growth of Indonesia Capital Market is the highest in East Asia, even in the world. From 2000 to 2010, Indonesia capital market grew 550% or 5.5 times. The countries that can follow the growth of Indonesia capital market were just Korea and China that grew 198% or 1.98 times and 173% or 1.73 times respectively. Again government have to pay attention closely to Indonesia capital market by providing such policy that can maintain the growth even increase the growth that already reached in 2010.


It is important to use an ALM (application layer multicast) tree with broad bandwidth to ensure the quality of streaming applications. However, when constructing an ALM tree without information on underlay traffic, we cannot know how much congestion there is in links. Therefore, if unexpected congestion in links occurs, the quality of ALM transmissions may worsen. However, no polynomial-time algorithms for constructing maximum-bandwidth ALM trees with information on underlay traffic exist.

We regarded an underlay network as a tree network topology in our previous work, and presented a polynomial-time algorithm that was used to construct a maximum-bandwidth ALM tree. We also proved that we could obtain an optimal ALM tree. However, we had not yet evaluated our algorithm by simulation.

Here, we discuss our evaluation of the algorithm we propose and a conventional one. We found our algorithm could achieve a broader bandwidth ALM tree at lower computational cost, especially in large networks.


A kind of law enforcement in taxation is the appeal of tax payment to induce the submission of tax annual report (SPT). Letter of Appeal is a letter released by Tax Service Office based on internal investigation to ask for clarification from Taxpayers about the estimation of failure to obey tax affair pursuant to predetermined tax regulations". The objective of research is to understand the influence of variables of Sanction, Taxpayers Awareness, Service, and Supervision on the Obedience to Submit Tax Annual Report. Research method is explanatory research which attempts to show a causal relationship between research variables through hypothesis testing. Based on the result of Multiple Linear Regression analysis, it is indicated that the variables of Taxpayers Awareness, Service and Supervision have positive and significant influence on the Obedience to Submit Tax Annual Report. It may be suggested that predetermined tax regulations must be obeyed and highly attended by taxpayers. Keywords: Sanction, Taxpayers Awareness, Service, Supervision, and The Obedience to Submit Tax Annual Report


A field monitoring program was begun in 1991 to test the ability of grassed swales to remove pollutants from highway runoff. The two swales monitored had different slopes, traffic volumes, and vegetation heights, all of which can affect pollutant removal. One had a check dam, which proved to significantly influence pollutant removal. Also, the pollutant-removal ability of a short buffer strip was examined. Pollutants monitored included total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, and total zinc. Manual and automatic sampling techniques were used to monitor runoff. The results suggest that properly designed short buffer strips and swales with check dams can remove pollutants from highway runoff.


In order to discuss the condensation of the K 4 -mode in KNiCl 3 -family compounds, the temperature dependences of the elastic compliances of KNiCl 3 , RbMnBr 3 , RbFeBr 3 , and RbCoBr 3 were measu...


Abstract We develop an integrated framework to financial reporting decisions in family-controlling firms. Our model contends that in these firms, financial reporting decisions (i.e. earnings management and voluntary disclosure) are driven by a diverse set of family owners' motives that can be synthesised in the preservation of the different aspects of the family socioemotional wealth (SEW). The proposed model suggests the criticality of recognising the existence of different family owners' reference points, given the gambling nature of accounting choices. By focusing on two dimensions of SEW ('Family Control and Influence' and 'Family Identification'), we explore how the prioritisation of one dimension or the other will imply a different family owners' evaluation of benefits and costs of accounting strategies and, hence, a diverse resolution of the accounting gamble.


This study is concerned with the tectono‐thermal history of the Kathmandu nappe and the underlying Lesser Himalayan sediments (LHS) that are distributed in eastern Nepal. We carried out zircon fission‐track(ZFT) dating and obtained 16 ZFT ages from the eastern extension of the Kathmandu nappe, the Higher Himalayan Crystalline, Kuncha nappe, and the Main Central Thrust (MCT) zone. The ZFT ages of the frontal part of the Kathmandu nappe range from 13.0 ±0.8 Ma to 10.7 ±0.7 Ma and exhibit a northward‐younging tendency. These Middle Miocene ZFT ages indicate that the frontal part of the Kathmandu nappe remained at a temperature above 240 °C until the termination of its southward emplacement at 12–11 Ma. The ZFT ages of the LHS range from 11.1 ±0.9 Ma in the southern part of the Okhaldhunga Window to 2.4 ±0.3 Ma of the augen gneiss in the northern margin and also exhibit a northward‐younging age distribution. The ZFT ages show the northward‐younging linear distribution pattern (−0.16 Ma/km) along the across‐strikesection from the frontal part of the Kathmandu nappe to the root zone, without a significant age gap. This distribution pattern indicates that the Kathmandu nappe, the underlying MCT zone, and the Kuncha nappe cooled from the frontal zone to the root zone as a thermally united geologic body at a temperature below 240 °C. An older ZFT age (456.3 ±24.3 Ma), which was partially reset at the axial part of the Midland anticlinorium in the central part of the Okhaldhunga Window, was explained by downward heating from the "hot" Kathmandu nappe. The above evidence supported a model that southward emplacement of the hot Kathmandu nappe resulted in a thermal imprint on the upper part of the LHS; however, the lower part did not reach 240 °C.


Blending of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% ethylene-propylene random copolymer known as EPM with polypropylene (PP) was conducted and the blends were characterized using wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Tensile and Impact tester. As shown in WAXS diffractograms, PP retains its crystalline structure when blended with EPM. DSC analysis suggests that the polymer blend consists of two phase systems, one crystalline and one amorphous. Morphological observation of the polymer blend using SEM shows that the EPA-f globular structure cavitates the PP matrix which further indicates that the polymer blend is only partially compatible. As EPM increases, the tensile yield stress, stress-strain curve and modulus of elasticity decrease. Impact strength on the other hand, increases and showed remarkable effect at 30% EPM - 70% PP.


Stability of alkylating derivatives of decathymidylates protected on the 3'-terminal by cholesterol and phenazine residues has been studied in the process of their interaction with cells of Acholeplasma laidlawii PG-8. It is shown that the studied reagents are not split by nucleases of A. laidlawii PG-8 for the time necessary for alkylation of mycoplasma biopolymers.


Here are three essays dealing with computers. I intend that to sound sort of like "here are three essays dealing with ritual" or "here are three essays dealing with kinship"?to sound as if it were entirely unsurprising to open up a copy of Anthropological Quarterly and see three essays about computers, alongside three on social organization, religion, or pragmatics and ideology. It should be entirely unremarkable by now that computers are involved in the social and cultural life of the people and processes anthropologists study, everywhere in the world (digital divides notwith standing). It should be clear by now that the interactions and uses by which people make meaning, act, or build societies is as inextricably linked to software, networks, computers, devices, and infrastructures as we insist it is to kinship or social organization. In all honesty, we should be well past the time when we need labels such as "digital life" or "the anthropology of the virtual" or "online sociality" as if they helped to clarify something.


Template technique makes it possible to prepare Pt metal-filled uniform
carbon nanotubes in which the metal is present as either nanorods or
nanoparticles.


The invention discloses a positioning device for a CCD detecting machine. The positioning device comprises a component conveying device, a front side positioning device and a reverse side positioning device, wherein the front side positioning device and the reverse side positioning device are installed on the component conveying device. The front side of a component is positioned through the front side positioning device, the reverse side of the component is positioned through the reverse side positioning device, and the component is conveyed automatically through the component conveying device. Compared with the situation that the operations are conducted by staff manually, by means of the positioning device provided by the invention, the labor intensity of the staff for positioning the component is reduced effectively.


Due to the fact that most legal statements in the sphere of provision of medicines regulate reimbursement for some categories of citizens within the state social security system, the main task is to elaborate legal guarantees for realization of the constitutional right to health protection and medical aid, the right of every citizen to provision of medicines being the inherent part of medical aid rendered.


A catheter-type PO2 electrode has been developed which permits the polarographic continuous recording of the blood oxygen tension in vivo. The electrode has been tested in model experiments in vitro and applied in animal experiments lasting several hours. It yielded a continuous tracing of PO2 with good reproducibility.


Biofortification and bioactive compounds enrichment of maize genotypes is a great alternative for mitigating micronutrients deficiency in human and animal diet, and also for improving the benefits of maize for human health. This work aimed to estimate variance components and genetic parameters of bioactive compounds and micronutrients to predict superior maize hybrids from different genetic bases, and to apply the RELM/BLUP methodology to multivariate techniques. The inbreed lines were crossed and the F1 hybrids were grown for evaluations in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 growing seasons, respectively. Then, micronutrients and bioactive compounds related traits were evaluated. The variance components and genetic parameters were estimated by REML methodology. The BLUP methodology was employed to predict genetic values and to verify the percentages of genetic gain with selection. The predicted genetic values were applied to estimate genetic distances by the Mean Euclidean Distance. The relative contribution of each trait to genetic divergence was evaluated and the principal components analysis determined, proposing the genotypes that are potentially capable to increase a given trait. The presence of genetic variability was evidenced among genotypes, while some of them presented potential for increasing specific traits. The top cross hybrid L64XAS1590 showed the highest estimates for increasing antioxidant-responsible traits, and micronutrients contents such as manganese, cooper, iron and zinc. In general, there was the possibility of achieving genetic gains with selection under application of biofortified and bioactive compounds to enhance maize hybrids through conventional breeding. However, it does not applicable for iron content due to its low estimate of broad sense heritability. Abbreviations: TP_ total phenols; TF_ total flavonoids; TC_ total carotenoids; DP_ antioxidant potential by DPPH; AB_ antioxidant potential by ABTS radical; SS_ soluble solids; pH_ hydrogenionic potential; SA_ seed acidity; SC_ seed color; Fe_ iron content; Cu_ copper content; Mn_ manganesecontent;Na_ sodium content; Zn_ zinc content; BLUP_ Best linear unbiased prediction; REML_ restricted maximum likelihood; PCA_ principal component analysis; UPGMA_ unweightedpair-group method; σ̂g_ Genotypic variance; σ̂e_ residual variance;σ̂P_ phenotypic variance; Hg_ broad sense heritability; Hml_ heritability of the hybrid ́s means; Aclinh_ selective accuracy; CVgi%_Coefficient of genetic variation; CVe%_Coefficient of residual variation; OM_ overall mean.


Background . Many of the properties of metamaterials are similar to those found in the filter on mutually detuned  frequency and unrelated resonators. The bridge filters are used as a low-frequency prototypes of such microwave filters. It is important to establish an analogy between metamaterials and filters on mutually detuned frequency and unrelated resonators for further development and design of new types of metamaterials. Objective.  A central objective is a model development of metamaterials based on band-exclusive microwave filters on mutually detuned resonators, and the low-frequency-based prototypes. Methods. Characteristic equivalence test of metamaterials to microwave filters on mutually detuned resonators, their  specific dependencies reveal (the modes in parallel channels, the locations of the attenuation poles above or below the bandwidth), manifested regardless of the types of resonators, the study of the possibility of the bridge filter prototypes using for metamaterials simulation. Results. The analogy between metamaterials and microwave filters on mutually detuned resonator is specified, the possibility of  bridge bandpass filter use as low-frequency prototypes is shown. Conclusions . Microwave filters on mutually detuned resonators, and bridge band-pass filters as low-frequency prototypes, design techniques of which are well established, can be used for metamaterial modeling.


This month the ASCE Press will publish The 21st-Century Engineer: A Proposal for Engineering Education Reform, by Patricia D. Galloway, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE, the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of the Nielsen-Wurster Group, Inc., and a former president of ASCE. In her book Galloway contends that the existing system for educating engineers must change, and she proposes a new master's degree in professional engineering management. In this groundbreaking manifesto Galloway explains the global changes that are leaving many engineers unprepared and outlines a proposed master's program—a master of professional management. Chapters 7 and 8 are excerpted here.


The number of Fairtrade labeled products in the stores continues to increase and more and more consumers choose Fairtrade as an alternative to conventional products. Fairtrade seeks to improve the livelihoods of small-scale producers and reduce poverty by implementing several standards for economic, social and environmental development. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the economic impacts of Fairtrade as well as the effects of Fairtrade on farmers' standard of living. 101 farmers from the producer organization Chetna Organic in India were interviewed using a questionnaire. The impacts of Fairtrade are estimated through regression analysis, where positive statistically significant effects of Fairtrade on land productivity, credit use and perceived influence in cooperative are shown, while Fairtrade negatively affects food shortage. The farmers claimed to be satisfied with Fairtrade in spite of their limited knowledge of it, which makes it difficult to determine if Fairtrade is the actual cause of their satisfaction. Authors Felicia Holm, Sara Lindgren Supervisor Dick Durevall


In this paper, we propose a robust image feature extraction and fusion method to effectively fuse image feature and depth information and improve the registration accuracy of RGB-D images. The proposed method directly splices the image feature point descriptors with the corresponding point cloud feature descriptors to obtain the fusion descriptor of the feature points. The fusion feature descriptor is constructed based on the SIFT, SURF, and ORB feature descriptors and the PFH and FPFH point cloud feature descriptors. Furthermore, the registration performance based on fusion features is tested through the RGB-D datasets of YCB and KITTI. ORBPFH reduces the false-matching rate by 4.66~16.66%, and ORBFPFH reduces the false-matching rate by 9~20%. The experimental results show that the RGB-D robust feature extraction and fusion method proposed in this paper is suitable for the fusion of ORB with PFH and FPFH, which can improve feature representation and registration, representing a novel approach for RGB-D image matching.


The invention relates to low-dose tablets obtained by directly compressing microgranules essentially constituted of a neutral support covered by a polymeric layer containing at least one pharmaceutically acceptable polymer and permitting the modified release of active substances in an aqueous medium, to which an active layer containing at least one active substance is applied. The inventive tablets advantageously exhibit a matrix effect similar to that obtained with conventional matrix tablets that depends on the nature of the polymer(s) used for the constitution of the polymeric layer. This matrix effect makes it possible to modify the release profile of the transported active substance based on the type of the polymer used. These tablets are particularly suited for realizing low-dose tablets. The invention also relates to a method for producing these tablets and to the use thereof, particularly for administering active substances in low to very low doses.


Cloud computing is an emerging technological paradigm that provides a flexible, scalable and reliable infrastructure and services for organizations. Cloud data are stored and accessed in a remote server with the help of services provided by cloud service providers. There are enormous numbers of security problems associated with cloud computing but that is not resolved now. These security issues can be faced by cloud providers or by their customers. The cloud provider should make sure that whatever services they are offering to their customers are secure and their customer's data is safe while the customer should check that cloud providers are using security measures to keep their data safe. Cloud computing security is categorized from sub-domain of Information security In cloud security, dissemination of private data can be possible that requires stringent security policies with latest technology. Web Services are the essential feature of cloud computing. As web services helps in providing services easily to end users and manage cloud services, So, now-a-days all cloud providers support a large number of web services. But , some novice developers are making data unprotected that can be exploited by the attackers while deploying it on cloud service To combat dissemination of private data ,we are proposing secure information retrieval tactics that provides two level of authentication using OTP and voice recognition of the authorized person.


This paper proposes a PI control method adjusted by a genetic algorithm (GA) for an ultrasonic motor (USM). In the proposed method, proportional and integral gains are adjusted using a GA in order to compensate the characteristic variations of the plant. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by experiments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(1): 59–65, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20842


The primary breeding objective for white clover improvement in eastern Australia is more reliable persistence under summer moisture-stress while maintaining herbage production (especially winter growth). To identify elite germplasm, evaluation of candidate lines is done in situ, under field conditions for which the prospective cultivar is targeted. These conditions (e.g. moisture stress, nutrient infertility, grass competition) may impose spatial influences within the field site that as artefacts mask or alter the uniform expression of response to environment. A significant component of artefact variation which affects interpretation of the data is the spatial variation due to plot position. Failure to correct for this may give unreliable comparisons as some lines inadvertently (through randomisation) are allocated to favourable or unfavourable plots. Our methodology was developed at two sites (Glen Innes , Armidale in northern New South Wales, Australia) in an experiment which sought to identify superior lines among 20 candidate entries. Cultivars of reputed stability and spanning the expected performance range, are replicated at regular intervals through the field site. The difference amongst replicates within cultivar (that is a reduced G X E) is used to estimate spatial trends. Elite lines are identified from temporal profiles of plant performance related to the breeding objectives. We describe (i) design and analysis which allows estimation of the spatial effects, and (ii) the temporal profiling of plant performance. These statistical procedures are seminal in identifying superior breeding lines that subsequently proceed to cultivar development.


Nowadays mobile applications became a widely used in our world, it has many features rather than the traditional desktop and web applications, and it provides many services in a simple way so the user can do many things through his mobile device. UUM receives every year many international students who face a problem in room reservation inside the university at Bank Rakyat, there are many suggestions to solve this problem, one of these solutions is to implement a system that allows the student to view full information about the accommodation inside the university and booking or browsing a room through the mobile device from his country or before arrives to the university, so the international students will know where they will stay before arriving, and they will not be attempt to seek an accommodation after arriving.


In this article realization method of attacks and anomalies detection with the use of training of ordinary and attacking packages, respectively. The method that was used to teach an attack on is a combination of an uncontrollable and controlled neural network. In an uncontrolled network, attacks are classified in smaller categories, taking into account their features and using the self- organized map. To manage clusters, a neural network based on back-propagation method used. We use PyBrain as the main framework for designing, developing and learning perceptron data. This framework has a sufficient number of solutions and algorithms for training, designing and testing various types of neural networks. Software architecture is presented using a procedural-object approach. Because there is no need to save intermediate result of the program (after learning entire perceptron is stored in the file), all the progress of learning is stored in the normal files on hard disk.


Leadership in an institution is very important to achieve success in an institution, including leadership in education. This study aims to determine educational leadership that is considered ideal so that it not only improves the quality of education but can also achieve the level of success of the school literacy movement. The research method used in this research is qualitative with a literature review. The literature used is national, and international journals, books, documents, and other literature related to this research study. The findings of this study indicate that; First, to improve the quality of education, ideal leadership is needed, so that good relations between superiors and subordinates can improve the quality of education in the educational institutions that are led. Second, ideal leadership is also so that there is harmonization between superiors and subordinates so that the teaching and learning process is not pursuing achievement but teach according to the profession so that it can improve the literacy of students in schools.


The invention discloses a permanent and temporary combined anti-freezing drainage structure and method for a high altitude severe cold rich water tunnel. A parallel pilot pit is arranged on the side lower than a tunnel cavity body section and communicated with the tunnel through a transverse channel. Full section grouting is conducted on a tunnel cavity opening section full section to form a superfine cement full section grouting blocking solidification ring. Two inclined drainage holes are formed in the outside of the blocking solidification ring at the positions lower than two sides of a cavity opening. At least one end of the parallel pilot pit is communicated with the outer portion of the tunnel through a drainage cavity arranged in an inclined mode. According to the tunnel running wind flowing characteristic of high altitude severe cold zones, the parallel pilot pit which is excavated in advance in a construction period and lower than the main line tunnel position is utilized to achieve main line tunnel bottom embedded heat insulation transverse drainage, and a tunnel vertical reversed V-shaped drainage pipe is matched to improve drainage of tunnel surrounding rock water. Smooth drainage of the high altitude severe cold rich water tunnel is achieved by means of the small cavity diameter and the large-slope drainage hole which are formed through a directional drilling and hole expanding technology by water in the tunnel and matched with the middle parallel pilot pit, and safety and stability of the tunnel structure are ensured.


It is generally known that tangential force characteristics of wheel/ rail have a great influence on the vehicle dynamics characteristic. However, according to one author's previous researches, it is difficult to estimate tangential force characteristics of actual-wheel/rail interface correctly, because the shape of contact patch of actual-wheel/ rail may not be a complete ellipse shape due to existence of fine unevenness on wheel tread. This paper presents the results of the laboratory experiments carried out in relation to tangential force coefficient between contacting two cylindrical test specimens under different surface conditions, and the numerical analysis results of hunting stability of railway vehicle with the fine unevenness on wheel tread. In the laboratory experiments, the tangential force coefficient of specimens with/without a variety of fine unevenness under different attack-angles has been obtained by means of a two-disk rolling contact machine. The experimental results showed, in the case of attack-angle is zero, the longitudinal tangential force coefficient becomes smaller when the fine unevenness is larger than the case without fine unevenness. On the other hand, in the case of the attack-angle is about 0.2deg, the lateral tangential force coefficient is small when the interval of the fine unevenness is large. Furthermore, a numerical analysis was carried out to estimate the relationship between a variety of fine unevenness and the hunting stability of railway vehicles. As a result of this study, it is clarified that the fine unevenness on wheel tread has an improvement effect on the hunting stability of railway vehicle.


The using of multiple custom class loaders in component-based Java programs may lead to more runtime type errors. These errors can happen at various program statements and may be wrapped in different types of exceptions by JVM, therefore posing difficulties for dealing with them. Traditional static analysis approaches only consider static types and thus cannot detect many of them. We propose a semi-static approach based on points-to analysis and dynamically gathered behavior information of Java class loaders to detect runtime type errors in component-based Java programs without running them. We also implement a prototype tool for OSGi-based programs, where OSGi is a typical Java component framework.


For StarCraft, it's easy to download lots of replays from gaming portals. Using simple tools, it's possible to extract all the gaming events stored in the replays. At each frame, it can tell us the human player's decision making given game states. Instead of making hard-coded AIs, it's promising to imitate the human player's decision recorded in the replays. In this study, we propose to create an AI bot imitates human player's high-level decisions (attack or retreat) on a group of units from replays. As a first step, we tested the reliability of the imitation system using replays from portals. We reported the ratio of apparent mistakes from the imitation system and the way to reduce the error.


Low molecular weight heparin derivatives are characterized by low anti‐coagulant activity and marked anti‐inflammatory effects that allow for these molecules to be viewed as a new class of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We show here that K5NOSepiLMW, an O‐sulphated heparin‐like semi‐synthetic polymer of the D‐glucuronic acid–N‐acetyleparoson disaccharide unit with low molecular weight, has marked anti‐inflammatory effects in a rat model of acute inflammation, the carrageenan‐induced pleurisy, commonly used to test NSAID efficacy. A 30‐min. pre‐treatment with K5NOSepiLMW (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg b.wt., given intrapleurally) attenuated the recruitment of leucocytes in the lung tissue and the pleural exudate, inhibited the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), thereby abating the generation of nitric oxide and pro‐inflammatory prostaglandins such as PgE2 and PGF1α, reduced the inflammation‐induced nitroxidative lung tissue injury, as shown by tissue thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances and nitrotyrosine, and blunted the local generation of cytokines such as interleukin‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α. All these parameters were markedly increased by intrapleural carrageenan in the absence of any pre‐treatment. The anti‐inflammatory action of K5NOSepiLMW is specific, as judged by the lack of therapeutic effects of B4/110, a biologically inactive cognate polysaccharide, given in the place of the authentic molecule. Moreover, K5NOSepiLMW showed similar effects as celecoxib (1 mg/kg b.wt), a COX‐2 inhibitor and well‐known NSAID. This study provides further insight into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of heparin derivatives in inflammation and identifies K5NOSepiLMW as a novel, promising anti‐inflammatory drug.


Objective To study the correlation of inorganic elements in Ligusticum chuanxiong and Origin Soil. Methods Microwave assisted digestion technique was applied for the preparation of samples,and inductively coupled plasmas( ICP-MS) was used for the determination of inorganic elements,analyze the data by SPSS18. 0. Results Conclusion Medicinal materials and inorganic elements in soil are significantly in positive correlation,( r 0. 999),high degree of precision( RSD 4%,n = 6),and range of recovery rate is 92. 7% ~ 107. 9%. Ligusticum chuanxiong has a stronger enrichment effect on harmful element Cd,the content of Cd in 4 samples exceeded criterion,the content of Pb,Cu and As in all of 5 samples were within the limitation


Through regular scientific research methods, the thesis has assessed the status of effected factors to the coaching of the Basketball team of students at Hanoi University of Business and Technology through various aspects: Training plan; infrastructure; teachers, coaches; selection of team members; inspection and evaluation.


Objective Objective To study the effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) on IFN-γ signaling pathway in macrophages. Methods Humans and mice macrophages were isolated and infected by Mtb, condition medium were collected after a few days culture; Macrophage surface expression of FcγRI (human) or MHC II (mouse) was measured by flow cytometry to explore the effect of condition medium on macrophage response to IFN-γ. Results Surface expression of FcγRI in human macrophages cultured in condition medium was significantly decreased compared to those without condition medium (p0. 05) ; Similarly, surface expression of MHC II in mouse macrophages cultured in the condition medium was significantly decreased compared to those without condition medium (P0. 05); Condition medium cultured with anti IL-6 antibody improved macrophage response to IFN-γ; Surface expression of MHC II in mouse macrophages cultured in condition medium with anti IL-6 antibody was significantly increased compared to those cultured in condition medium alone (P0. 05). Conclusion Mtb induced condition medium can inhibit macrophage surface expression of FcγRI or MHC initiated by IFN-γ; At meanwhile, the results also show that IL-6 may play an important role in condition medium which can inhibits macrophage response to IFN-γ, and indicate that IL-6 may have a novel function in the Mtb infection.


Treatment of uncommon fungal infection such as Rhinosporidiosis is challenging, especially when occurring in a non-immunocompromised patient in non-invasive form. Extensive involvement, extending into maxillary jawbone would need aggressive, chemotherapeutic and surgical approach. There are few reports of successful rehabilitation of maxillary jaw with dental implants after treatment of such fungal infection. After adequate medical treatment, the iliac graft and recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 was effectively utilized to reconstruct the lost maxillary bone. Later, dental implants were placed, that osseointegrated well.


In the past decade, much evidence has been provided for an unusually low cost for bend deformations in the nematic phase of bent-core mesogens and bimesogens (liquid crystal dimers) having a bent shape on average. Recently, an analogous effect was observed for the splay mode of bent-core mesogens with an acute apical angle. Here, we present a systematic computational investigation of the Frank elastic constants of nematics made of V-shaped particles, with bend angles ranging from acute to obtuse. We show that by tuning this angle, the elastic behavior switches from bend dominated (K33>K11) to splay dominated (K11>K33), with anomalously low values of the splay and the bend constant, respectively. This is related to a change in the shape polarity of particles, which is associated with the emergence of polar order, longitudinal for splay and transversal for bend deformations. Crucial to this study is the use of a recently developed microscopic elastic theory, able to account for the interplay of mesogen morphology and director deformations.


To investigate the link between honor vs. dignity ideals and reaction to insults regardless of a specific cultural context, we experimentally induced honor en dignity concerns in participants within one cultural context. Then, participants were insulted (or not) during an ostensibly cooperative computer task after which cardiovascular indicators of threat and challenge were measured. In a following task, participants were given the opportunity express their aggression towards the same opponent during a Competitive Reaction Time task. When honor was activated, participants experienced threat after being insulted and expressed more aggression. When dignity was made salient, participants experienced challenge after being insulted and expressed less aggression. These results empirically demonstrate that insults instigate a sense of threat among those high in (experimentally-induced) honor.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the successful design and management of high performance work‐based lifelong learning processes.Design – The paper summarises the process management practices and contextual parameters that are being applied in the successful design and management of high performance work based lifelong learning processes.Findings – The paper finds that innovations in lifelong learning process design and development are restricted by traditional pedagogical thinking and administrative practices, an over emphasis on e‐learning and insufficient consideration of the holistic contextual factors. Design solutions are dynamically based on the idea of a timeless organic order or meta‐planning.Research limitations – This paper is an outline summary of extensive lifelong learning process design best practice work with client organisations. As with many innovations taking place at the leading edge of work‐based learning management there is a limited supply of reliable published info...


The object of this master thesis is the presentation and study of polymeric graphitic carbonate nitride (g-C3N4) and its derivatives as photocatalysts for solar fuels synthesis.
Due to the energy, economic and environmental problems associated with fossil fuels burning, the research interest is focused on developing technologies that will achieve the conversion and storage of the abundant solar energy into solar fuels chemical linkages using ideally manmade CO2 and H2O as carbon and hydrogen source. Among these technologies, the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 and water splitting through appropriate photocatalysts and copying the principles of natural photosynthesis promises to contribute to achieving this challenging goal.
The graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), has some advantages that widow it an ideal candidate photocatalyst for solar fuels composition. It is a polymeric non- metallic material of a very negative value of the reduction potential (-1,42 V) and small band gap energy (2,67 eV) and therefore high reducing power and absorption efficiency in the visible light region. Because of the strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms and nitrogen, g-C3N4 is stable to the effect of radiation in acidic or alkaline solutions. It can also be synthesized by simple and economic processes using inexpensive and nontoxic precursors.
In this work, is presented an overview of the literature concerning the photocatalytic production of solar fuels using the alternative polymeric semiconductor g-C3N4. Emphasis is placed on physico-chemical characteristics, synthesis methods and the effect they have on the properties and performance of g-C3N4, and its use for CO2 reduction.
In this work, an overview of the literature concerning the production of solar photocatalytic fuel using alternative polymeric semiconductor g - C3N4. Emphasis is placed on physico-chemical characteristics, the methods of synthesis and the effect they have on the properties and performance, and the use for the CO2 reduction.


Report concludes that where solar-energy system investment costs are presently high, future promise of savings due to increased conventional energy costs is not optimistic. This is because cost of system tends to increase at a rate not significantly less than the cost of conventional energy.


The invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, with a fast, accurate and density-independent determination of moisture is possible. According to the invention the object is attained in that - the transmitter emits a signal - a resonance curve of the filled resonator is sampled stepwise, wherein at different frequencies (f - determined for the filled resonator from points (f - by solving an equation system (G2) containing the resonance frequencies (f The invention relates to a method for the determination of moisture and / or density of a dielectric material in a container filled with the material of the resonator with the transmitter and receiver.


Diesel engines have now become almost the only means of ship propulsion and severe competition has developed among engine makers. The improvements which have been made to diesel engines are analyzed in this paper with particular emphasis on specific output and thermal efficiency. The Mitsubishi UE engine is used as an example. Also the struggle among engine makers is reviewed. Finally, the reasons for the continued survival of the Mitsubishi UE engine are touched upon.


This research is an analysis of human resources that aims to determine whether theory of human capital (education spending) affects career planning of labor in the mining sector. Using sample of workers in the mining sector was obtained from National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS), which had been collected by Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) in 2010 in the province of East Kalimantan. The samples were 747 formal sector workers. Analysis tools used are Multinomial Logit. The results showed that vocational education and sex had positive significant impact on the workers who work in the mining sector, therefore career planning can be started early in the planning of education (human capital theory). This study is associated with the empirical study if it can be said that the social (education) affect the initial step in a career workforce. Higher education in this study received less opportunity, while vocational education is more likely able to work in the formal sector. Keywords: Education, Gender, Formal Mining Sector


In an attempt to detect gravitational waves in the frequency range around a few hundred hertz, two detector schemes are presently being developed worldwide, narrowband acoustic (resonant bar) and broadband laser interferometric detectors.


Introducing a working session dedicated to the memory of Jean Jerphagnon, the author recalls the researches conducted at CNET, as early as 1963, in non- linear optics. To understand the origin of non-linear optical properties of crystal state, to relate macroscopic properties of crystals with their microscopic structure, to find new mineral and organic materials were the fascinating questions were were considering. The research team developped around Jean Jerphagnon in the seventies, at the CNET Laboratory in Bagneux, obtained an excellent reputation in non-linear optics with, among others, Daniel Chemla, Jean-Louis Oudar, Joseph Zyss.


Nowadays, high standard level of living has led to an increase in demand for foods which are minimally processed via high sensory and nutritional quality and also an extended shelf life. High pressure processing (HPP) is one of the techniques that was considered for food preservation at the first application in food industry. Pressures in the range of 300 to 650MPa have been found to affect the micro-organisms, although, there is an exception regarding spores inactivation. Many studies have proved that although the application of high pressure between 400-600MPa in raw milk does not result in a product with equivalent quality as sterilized milk, but, it gives the same quality as pasteurized milk. In addition, it has been proved that high pressure creates important roles in dairy processing. For example, it improves acid coagulation in order to accelerate cheese ripening. This review summarizes some significant studies concerned with the application of HPP for cheese ripening acceleration.


Couette and parallel plate viscometers are two commonly used flow geometries to characterize shear viscosity of concentrated suspensions. In Couette flow, it is well documented that prolonged shearing causes a decrease in the apparent viscosity of concentrated suspensions due to shear‐induced particle migration from the annulus region to the stagnant region under the bob. In this study, the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) was used to measure the evolution of suspension concentration profiles in Couette and parallel‐plate flow devices upon shearing. Neutrally buoyant suspensions of nearly monodisperse, non‐Brownian spherical particles at a volume fraction of 0.5 in a Newtonian fluid were used. The same flow cells and suspensions were also used in a rheometer to measure the changes in shear stress under identical experimental conditions such that a direct comparison can be made between the stress and concentration data. For Couette flow, the NMRI data correlated very well with the str...


In this chapter we propose a framework for PID tuning rules comparison by using dimensional analysis. The proposal establishes the framework in which to perform the analysis for any user-selected indexes. The key point enabling the comparison framework yields in the dimensionless representation of both transfer function models and transfer function controllers.


This research, developed using a quantitative research method, aims to determine the influence of PAD, DAU, and DAK on the economic growth in East Java from 2019 to 2021, with capital expenditure acting as the intervening variable. The Central Bureau of Statistics of East Java provided the fundamental documentation approach as the data collection technique. Ninety units of panel data were gathered to represent the research sample. Path analysis revealed that capital expenditure did not successfully mediate the impact of PAD, DAU, and DAK on economic growth.


The three latest International Congresses of leprologists (Madrid 1953, Tokio 1958, Rio 1963) have recognised two polar types of leprosy, tuberculoid and lepromatous and one inter mediate group, borderline. These three categories faintly reflect the con cept of a spectrum of clinicai, immunological, bacteriological and histological signs. Apart from these categories a group of cases with incharacteristic macular lesions, not fitting into the spectrum, called indeterminate, is recognised. Although the basic concept of this classifica tion is now almost generally accepted, few workers are really satisfied with its application in practice. Not a few workers have difficulties in fitting certain types of patients into this classification. Often there is agreement about the right place of patients in the spectrum, but disagreement about the designation. The result is that considerable differences in type distribution are reported from the same area by different workers. Reports are difficult to compare unless one is familiar with the views of the investigator about classification. The greatest differences are found in the pro portions of indeterminate and 'intermediate' patients. The less experienced worker is confused by designations such as reactional tuberculoid and tuberculoid in reaction, indeterminate and inter media te, dimorphous and borderline, which cover part of the same field but are not inter changeable. It can hardly be denied that the situation in the field of classification is still highly confusing for the average fieldworker in leprosy and rather indigestible for the general practioner who has to deal with leprosy only incidentally and who has no time nor need for a special study of the subject. Much can be said for a simple classification for the lay-worker and a more detailed classi cation for the scientific worker. It is however doubtful that a simple classification can be de signed without loss of significance. Classification should give information about important items such as infectiousness, complications to be expected, duration of treatment needed, ulti mate prognosis, etc. A division between open and closed cases has only momentary value. The open case of today may be a closed case tomorrow, and the reverse. A division between benign and malign is an unsatisfactory substitute for cases on lhe tuber culoid si de and on the lepromatous side. Many tuberculoid patients truly are benign, but many of the most severely crippled patients also belong to the tuberculoid category. Lepromatous leprosy, called malign, may be present for a decade or more, without serious complications and without producing deformity. The fact that leprosy patients present an un in terru pted scale of all degrees of tissue resistance to Myco !eprae means that each grouping is arbitrary and a compromise. One should not expect sharply defined groups. It is not logical to distinguish between tuber culoid and lepromatous types and borderline and indeterminate groups. In fact all categories are groups. At most one could speak of patients as tuberculoid and lepromatous polar types, e.g. the small, single, rapidly self healing typical tuberculoid lesion and the pure, primary, diffuse lepromatous case respectively. It is also not logical to divide the scale into a very large tuberculoid group, a very small bor derline group and a large lepromatous group. The large groups thus become very heterogellous, whereas the borderline group is restricted to a small, rather well defined section of a large inter mediate (dimorphous) group. Nor is it logical to classify together a large number of macular lesions with an entirely different evolution, but which cannot be fitted into the scale at first glance, into an indeterminate 'dustbin'.


The curriculum and technology development hand in hand very rapidly, so it takes a concept and mechanism of ICT-based teaching and learning. The transformation process of conventional education into digital form, both in its content and its system. The progress of this technology should be utilized by the students as a provision in the classroom learning. Students are required to innovate and apply ICT in learning. Based on these things required a design and supplement learning materials so students can carry out in accordance with the demands. The one of innovation form is android-based learning media on n statistical education subject. The stages of this android system using pretest, practice working on the matter, as well as a posttest. In addition, the whole tutorial material such as SAT, RAT, concept maps and materials could be obtained by students through media-based android. The purpose of this research is to 1). know the process of developing android-based learning media is valid, 2). know the response of the students towards the implementation of the android-based learning media. The subject of this research was students of UT-UPBJJ Semarang pokjar Kendal. The development of the design and supplement learning materials used the 4-D model of Thiagarajan, Semmel Semmel and IE (define, design, develop, and disseminate). The method of data collection used interviews, observation, and question form. Based on the stages of the learning media development can be concluded 1). the android-based learning media development on educational statistics subject. The validity got 4.22 and included within the category of very valid. 2).The students 'responses on the media-based learning android on education statistics subject had good responses. The students' responses categories were very good 3.40.


Ecosystem integrity on steep mountain slopes and in high elevation landscapes is in general a question of soil stability, which in turn depends on plant cover and rooting patterns. Terrestrial net primary production and decomposition rates in arctic and alpine ecosystems are low and revegetation after human disturbance can take centuries. Relatively few species regulate the annual input and loss of nitrogen from arctic and alpine ecosystems and changes in the abundance of these species could profoundly alter the resource base that governs rates of biogeochemical processes.


£( e>/ogy, 64(4). 1983. pp. 727- 734 11' 1983 by the Ecological Society of America A COMPARISON OF NESTING-LEDGES USED BY SEABIRDS ON ST. GEORGE ISLAND 1 RONALD c. SQUIBB 2 AND GEORGE L. HUNT, JR. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. University of California. Irvine, California 92717 USA Abstract. Measurements of 288 nesting-ledges of six species of seabirds on St. George Island, Alaska, revealed significant interspecific differences in the size, shape, and overhang of ledges used. TypicaHy , R~d-legged Kittiwakes used ledges 1 dm deep; Northern Fulmars. Black-legged Kittiwakes, and Th1ck-b1lled Murres used ledges of an intermediate 2-4 dm depth; Red-faced Cormorants used ledges 3-6 dm deep: and Common Murres occurred singly on shallow ledges or in groups on deeper ledges. _Fulmars and murres, which did not build nests, used nearly horizontal ledges exclusively; the nest-bu1ldmg species occurred on a wider range of slopes. Only the Red-legged Kittiwake regularl y used ledges with over 50% cover by overhanging cliff within 5 dm of the ledge. Classification of the measured ledges of the cormorant, the two kittiwakes, and the Thick-billed Murre by a discriminant function anal_ysis r~veal~d significantly greater overlap than expected between the species pairs of c_ormoran_t with_ Th1~k-b1lled Murre, Black-legged with Red-legged Kittiwake, and Black-legged Kit- tJwake with Th1ck-b1Ued Murre. Observations of 43 interspecific exchanges of nest sites during and between three breeding seasons agreed with the predictions by the discriminant analysis of overlap or lack thereof in three of four significant cases. Exchanges occurred significantly more frequently tha_n expected between the species pairs of cormorant with Black-legged Kittiwake, cormorant with Th1ck-b11led Murre, and Black-legged with Red-legged Kittiwake. Key words: cliff nesting; colonial seabirds; discriminant fun ction analysis; ledge nesting; nesting habitat; Phalacrocorax; Pribilof Islands; Rissa: Uria. I NTRODUCTION Lack (1968: 125) predicted that limited nesting sites may result in intense competition among nidicolous species of seabirds. Several authors give examples of potential competitive exclusion involving nesting sites of cliff-nesting seabirds (e.g. , Uspenski 1956, Belo- pol'skii 1957, Stonehouse 1962, Kenyon and Phillips 1965, Smith 1966, Spring 1971, Maunder and Threlfall 1972, Williams 1974, Kepler 1978). Yet thus far, few (e.g., Smith 1966) have quantitatively documented dif- ferences in the nesting sites among species of cliff nesters. We here describe quantitatively the nesting-ledges used by six species of seabirds on St. George Island , Pribilof Islands, Alaska. On the seacliffs of this island, Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis), Red-faced Cormorants (Pha/acrocorax urile), Black-legged Kit- tiwakes (Rissa tridacryla), Red-legged Kittiwakes (R. brevirosrris), Common Murres (Uria aa/ge), and Thick- billed Murres (U. lomvia) nest on ledges at extremely high density. To demonstrate interspecific differences among the ledges used, we compare the area, slope, and amount of overhanging cliff at each nest site. A discriminant function analysis allows us to evaluate interspecific overlap among the physical features of the nesting-ledges used. We compare the resulting pre- dictions of overlap or lack thereof with observations of interspecific exchanges of nest sites during and be- tween three breeding seasons, 1976-1978. Thereby, we address the hypothesis that physical overlap of nest- ing-ledges corresponds directly lo interspecific com- petition for nest sites. STUDY AREA St. George Island (56°36'N, 169°32'W) lies in the southeast Bering Sea, 30 km north of the continental shelf edge. Seacliffs rising from 10 to over 300 m ac- count for 49 km of its 58-km shoreline. The cliffs are often heavily fractured such that rock fragments may dislodge readily from many sections. On higher cliffs sheer rock faces are interrupted frequently by steep talus slopes covered by vegetation. Arctic foxes (Alo- pex lagopus) limit colonially nesting seabirds .to inac- cessible cliffs, offshore rocks, and holes among talus. The ledges we sampled were on cliffs along the north side of the island between centrally located Staraya Artil and Tolstoi Point, the east end. Most cliffs in this area are 20 m in height. In addition, we included in our sample 15 ledges of Common Murres located on an offshore rock I km southeast of Dalnoi Point, the west end. METHODS AND D EFI N ITIONS ' Manuscript received 8 February 1982; revised 16 July 1982: accepted 2 August 1982. 2 Present address: Utah Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Utah State University, UMC 52, Logan, Utah 84322 USA. At the cliffs sampled, we measured all ledges whjch we could reach with a


Decision making can be hard, particularly in situations we typically call dilemmas, where a choice has to be made between two or more alternatives with the potential for undesirable consequences. When we disagree on what the best choice is in such situations, ethical theories and reasoning can provide a framework for more rational discussions and even for agreeing on a common standpoint. In addition, ethics can provide a tool for creating a rationale for the decision. When individuals need to take a difficult risk-informed decision on behalf of themselves, the company they are managing, or the country they are governing, it is important to clarify what the alternatives are, who are affected by the different choices, how these are affected, the uncertainties involved, and what the pros and cons of the different choices are. Several checks, such as "Is it legal?," "Is it according to our values?," "Are the risks (un)acceptable?," "Does it feel right?," "Would it stand the scrutiny of the public and the media?," "Do we maintain our credibility?," and "Is it economic?," are often used to evaluate the decision alternatives. In addition, we should ask "Can we give a rational ethical reasoning for the decision?" On this basis, the COVID-19-related ethical dilemmas set forward by Ben J.M. Ale, David H. Slater, and Des N.D. Hartford are both timely and relevant. The dilemmas discussed include whether to take the vaccine, who should be allowed to take the vaccine first and the distribution of vaccines throughout the world. The paper uses these dilemmas as a basis for a descriptive ethical analysis and concludes that there is a tendency for a deontological basis for decisions where the possible consequences are close to home and a more utilitarian basis when the possible consequences are far


This paper designed a cloud-based platform for the Internet of Things (IoT) family intelligent fish tank[14] control system. The system consists of three parts: an aquarium component consisting of a microcontroller and a sensor, two-way cloud computing platform for data transmission of the IoT and users to operate the fish tank by Android App. The control system uses sensors and single-chip microcontroller to collect data and sends data to the cloud computing platform through HTTP[5] protocols.


The (i CMa stars are short-period pulsating variable stars lying slightly above the upper main sequence. Although they have been known and studied for 70 years, little is known about the nature and cause of their pulsation. STOTHERS and SIMON (1969) have recently advanced an hypothesis — hereinafter known as the hypothesis — which proposes that all /? CMa stars are the former secondary components of massive binary systems. The former primary components, being more massive, have evolved first, have shed their envelopes by rapid mass loss, and have deposited helium-enriched material from their cores upon the surfaces of the secondary components. This causes the secondary components (now the primary components) to become unstable, via the so-called ,,^-mechanism", to nuclear-energized radial pulsations. Various aspects of the hypothesis have been criticized by others, notably PLAVEC (1971), SMAK (1970) and WATSON (1971). However, since hypotheses about /? CMa stars tend to live long after they should be dead, we propose to examine in detail as many aspects of the hypothesis as lend themselves to observational test.


Predicting the preferred orientation of a ligand to a receptor and the free energy (ΔG AB ) of these molecules in a solution is very useful for pharmaceutical applications. In this work, ΔG AB between chitosan and quercetin molecules with water were obtained by the thermodynamic integration (TI) method and the chitosan+quercetin complex was investigated by Molecular Docking (MDK). The topology of the molecules was compatible with the CHARMM force-field. Both molecules were solvated with the GROMACS SPC water model. The ΔG AB values of the molecule+water systems with the thermodynamic integration (TI) method was done in a 10 ns simulation. The complex was achieved in a 2.5 nm x 2.5 nm x 2.5 nm box. The ΔG AB values for the molecules+water systems were 14.36 +/- 0.46 and 0.19 +/- 0.53 kJ/mol, respectively. For the complex, nine conformations were obtained for the quercetin around the chitosan. The best conformation showed an affinity energy of -3.8 kcal/mol. The ΔG AB results for the systems confirm the low or no solubility of the molecules in the water under normal conditions, as already demonstrated experimentally. The docking showed that the interaction between chitosan and quercetin molecules involves hydrogen bonds in a specific position. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v11i2.1344


FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope), is listed as one of the National Key Science Engineering Projects in the period of the eleventh Five-Year-Plan. During the procession of longtime sky survey and independent random tracing observation, the cable structure of reflector is always under fluctuations of the higher stress, which is a special and long term cyclic fatigue load for the structural member. In order to measure and compare with the fatigue resistibility of strand cable and steel rod possibly adopted, and to provide a reference for actual construction, Electro-hydraulic servo actuator and reaction frame for loading are designed in conformity with the standard anti-fatigue design, and experimental study of fatigue performance of 13 cable specimens from 3 domestic enterprises in high stress amplitude is carried out. The results revealed that the fatigue life of the cable in high stress amplitude is between tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands of times, and the fatigue performance of strand cable is superior to that of steel rod. The Influence of anchorage on Mechanical Performance of cable cannot be ignored, so attention should be paid to in designing.


In this report we describe a case of MADSAM during pregnancy. MADSAM is a multifocal asymmetric demyelinating neuropathy that causes muscle weakness and sensory loss. The disease is caused by an autoimmune response of unknown origin. MADSAM has been described in literature but the effect of pregnancy on the course of MADSAM and vice versa remains uncertain. As far as we know this is the first report of MADSAM during pregnancy.


This work is focused on a research concept of SEIQoL (The Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life), i. e. on a programme of the evaluation of individually understood quality of life. In the introduction, it attempts to delimit or define the concept of the quality of life and elucidate general approaches to the evaluation of the quality of life in terms of psychology, sociology and medicine. It informs on principal conceptual proposals of the SEIQoL concept, i. e. on the individual approach to the evaluation, specification of five most important areas of life (life targets) in respondents together with percent measure of the satisfaction and importance attributed to them by respondents. However, it particularly explains in detail and graphically represents a particular method of the data evaluation in this approach. By way of illustration, it also presents a method of the use of the SEIQoL concept on a sample of ten respondents with Bechtěrev disease, who participated in the therapy in the spa Bertiny lázně in Třeboň in January 2008. The index of the quality of life in these respondents was on average of 64.9%; differences in the perception of the quality of life were compared and discussed depending on the gender and different age groups. Problems of the objectivizing the quality of life, dynamic nature of the concept of the quality of life itself and advantages and disadvantages of the use of the SEIQoL concept itself are conclusively considered.


This study investigates the relationship between mental health, marital status and social support, using the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Very little Australian research has examined the relationship between marital status and mental health. The results indicate that people who are married experience better mental health than all other marital status groups. In contrast, men and women who are separated are most likely to report a mental health disorder. Having family members to confide in reduces the likelihood of poor mental health for both women and men, while for women, having friends to rely on also contributes to better mental health. Unemployment and low educational attainment are significantly associated with poorer mental health for men, but not for women.


Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely used in non-small cell lung cancer with wildtype EGFR/ALK genes. However, the effect of ICIs on advanced NSCLC with EGFR genes sensitive mutations has been controversial. There are no reports on whether ICIs monotherapy can be used in the treatment of NSCLC with EGFR sensitive mutations. A patient with metastatic lung squamous cell carcinoma with EGFR G719s mutations, high PD-L1 score and a tuberculosis history was given first-line treatment of afatinib, camrelizumab monotherapy (200 mg, intravenous, once every three weeks) from February 24,2020 to January 2023. The patient achieved partial response (PR) after treatment with camrelizumab. The progress-free survival (PFS) due to camrelizumab monotherapy was more than 34 months.It is concluded that camrelizumab has promising potential effectiveness as a treatment option for lung squamous cell cancer with EGFR G719 mutations and high PD-L1 score.


Bachground: Paraquat (PQ) intoxication manifests with pulmonary edema and fibrosis, heart failure, hepatic failure, and sometimes convulsions. In severe cases, the patients may die within the early hours. At best conditions, the conventional therapeutic methods can only save less than 50% of the victims of intentional PQ intoxication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of new therapeutic approaches particularly phlebotomy in PQ intoxication. Methods: Five patients enrolled in the present pilot study. The conventional therapeutic method consisting of gastric lavage, diuresis techniques, corticosteroids, immunosuppressors, and antioxidants were applied in association with new interventions including early hemo-dialysis and the use of new antioxidants, especially phlebotomy. Results: One of the six patients who survived was excluded from the study. Four of five patients (80%) who were admitted with positive urine PQ test and treated with the modified method, could survived and only one case expired despite the interventional treatment and care. The mean age of patients was 25.21±3.47 years. Patients drank on average 52 ml of concentrated PQ. During admission, the mean Hb concentration was 16.79±2.11 g/dl that reduced to 8.95±0.93 g/dl on the second day of hospitalization. Conclusion: Phlebotomy causes fast circulation and remove toxin subjects. This study showed effect of phelebotomy and administration of antioxidants to treat PQintoxication. The new modified therapeutic method with phlebotomy surprisingly increased the survival rate up to 80%.


The hot deformation behavior of HSLA steel was investigated by using a MMS-200 thermal mechanical machine at different conditions and with deformation temperature of 800-1100 °C and strain rate of 0.1-10 S-1. FEM was analyzed the deformation characteristics of hot compression through Deform-3D software. It was discovered that the flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The activation energy and stress exponent during hot deformation were calculated using hyperbolic sine constitutive equations. The result from the experiment represents the activation energy and stress exponent during hot compression of 222.256 kJ/mol. and 10.84. The prediction of distribution stress values from the constitutive equation in Deform-3D can be matched with the experimental results.


Pig detection plays an important role in intelligent monitoring system of pigsty. According to the features of piglets acting in a large scope with high frequency, an improved Gaussian mixture background model was proposed for detecting piglets, which improves processing speed by reducing the number of Gaussian functions. Since the sow is confined to the sow limitation crate and its activities' state is simple within a small range, an skin color look-up table method which was based on characteristics of skin was proposed for detecting the sow. The experimental results demonstrated that the pigs detection methods including an improved mixture Gaussian background model and an skin color Look-Up table method are superior to frame subtraction method, mixture Gaussian background model method and optical flow method.


Objective: To explore grief reactions of the parents who lost their single child("Shidu"parents in Chinese)in China. Methods: Four parents from Beijing who experienced the death of their single child participated the study. Data was collected by deep interviews and objects collection, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Grief reactions were separated into the following four aspects: 1Emotional reactions, including missing/yearning, loneliness, regret/guilt,helplessness/hopelessness, pity, fear of festival, empty, anxiety, shocked, and pain. 2Cognitive reactions, including disbelief, injustice, hallucinations, intrusive thoughts, rumination, self-deprecation, suicidal ideation. 3Behavioral reactions, including crying, social withdrawal, avoidance of reminders of the deceased, arrange and keep the belongings of the deceased.4Physical reactions, including fatigue, sleeping disturbance, dreams of the deceased. Conclusion:"Shidu"parents experienced great pain after loss;Grief reactions of"Shidu"parents showed universal and unique characteristics.


Orthogonally stiffened steel plates are used for orthotropic steel decks of long-span bridges because of high degree of flexural and torsional resistances and good load-distribution behavior. An analytic study is presented for evaluating the buckling strength of orthogonally stiffened plates subjected to uniaxial compression. By using the plate theory, the buckling stress under overall and partial buckling modes, is derived. Parametric studies are performed to show the effects of the stiffness and the number of transverse and longitudinal ribs on the buckling strength. The results show quantitatively strong influence of stiffness and spacing of longitudinal and transverse ribs.


The calculation of elastic photoproduction of pi /sup o/ mesons from deuterium, gamma + d yields - pi /sup o/ + d, is carried out in the impulse approximation at photon energies around 500 Mev. The single nucleon photoproduction amplitudes are taken from dispersion formulas and are corrected for kinematic effects due to internal momentum of the nucleons in the deuteron. The D-state part of the deuteron wave function is included and different models with Yukawa type or repulsive core wave functions are used. Formulas connecting the cross section with the deuteron form factors are gftven. For small momentum transfers, the formulas are of course model independent and reduce to the usual ones. The presence of a 7% D state in a repulsive-core model leads to a re slowly at high mo mentum transfers, e.g., at a momentum transfer 2.74 f/sup -1/, the cross section is larger by about 40% than the cross section calculated in the absence of the D state. The experimental points favor this model. (auth)


In fact, many of these reforming ideas could only have been imposed during a long period of occupation. The handing back of almost all responsibility to the Germans in 1949 meant that the previous German system was to a large extent restored. And when a new set of British diplomats arrived in 1950 to press the Germans to begin rearmament they had no sympathy for the "old colonial" administrators who preceded them. Whether German democracy could have been stronger if these had stayed longer remains an open question. But their attempt to impose one set of institutions upon another people could never have been more than a partial success.


Taking a circular arch simply supported along its two edges as an object of study,a study on the damage detection of the arch is made based on its displacement eigenparameters and rotation eigenparameters,which are derived from calculated modal parameters of the arch before and after its damage.Analytical results show that the demage,including its location and extent,can be or can approximately be detected from both the changes of curvature mode shapes and the second-order derivative of rotation changes due to the demage,provided that the number of points for measuring the mode shapes of the arch is large enough.


Cytospora chrysosperma harms the poplar widespread,and it affects severely on the tree species of development of poplar and willow.Obvious effect by using Trichoderma to prevent Cytospora chrysosperma is gained.In order to know the effect and mechanism of Trichoderma to Cytospora chrysosperma,experiments indoor and outdoor were conducted and better effect is got,providing theory of controlling Cytospora chrysosperma by Trichoderma.


In the present article, we will describe some extensions of an agroforestry model that has been proposed and computationally implemented in [7]. Our generalizations consist of the inclusion of two additional species of tree, one culture, and a declaration of regeneration tours as variables definable by us as a parameter and the weight allocation by rentability of the treeless soil utilization as well as an exhaustive exploration of the different soil utilization scenarios in order to obtain the one who gives the best economic performance.


This paper addresses the issues of stability and L2-gain analysis for switched systems via multiple Lyapunov function methods. The proposed necessary and sufficient conditions enable derivation of improved stability tests, an L2-gain characterization and a design method for state-dependent stabilizing switching laws.


For deficiencies of existing coverage enhancement methods of directional sensor networks such as notably computational complexity and low coverage ratio,a new coverage enhancement algorithm for directional sensor networks is proposed in this paper.The node and its coverage direction with the maximum coverage area are deployed every time until all the nodes are processed.The coverage ratio can be enhanced for low overlapping regions.At the same time,the sensor redundant node dormancy is considered.The dormancy nodes are woken before the surrounded nodes are redeployed when nodes fail in a timely manner.Thus the coverage ratio is increased and the network lifetime is prolonged.Experiment results show that the coverage ratio of the proposed method increased by 20% and 15% for the same nodes numbers and sensor radius.


Plunger mechanism for an IS machine, comprising: a fixed piston distributor base plate having a top surface and a plurality of sets of verso approximation lines, each set for a piston line Kolbenaufwarts-, Kolbenabwarts- and Gegenblas- / vacuum or cooling supply lines, and wherein each piston distributor base plate supply line comprises a sequence that is connected to the upper end surface, a selected number, to the number of sets of supply lines of vertically extending cylindrical piston cylinders, each of which has a bottom surface and include a corresponding set of supply lines which Kolbenaufwarts-, Kolbenabwarts- and Gegenblas- / vacuum or cooling supply lines, each of the supply lines in a piston cylinder has an inlet, which is connected to the bottom surface of the piston cylinder, a transition plate having a bottom surface for attaching the upper end surface of the plunger distribution base plate at an upper end surface, said transition plate has a number, equal to the number of piston cylinders, of sets of supply lines, each set Kolbenaufwarts-, Kolbenabwarts- and Gegenblas- / vacuum - or cooling Verso approximation lines for a ...


A simple, specific and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay method has been developed and validated for the estimation of vorinostat in rat plasma. The bioanalytical procedure involves extraction of vorinostat and phenacetin (internal standard, IS) from rat plasma with simple liquid-liquid extraction process. The chromatographic analysis was performed on a Waters Alliance system using a gradient mobile phase conditions at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and Symmetry Shield C18 column maintained at 35 ± 1°C. The eluate was monitored using an UV detector set at 245 nm. Vorinostat and IS eluted at 5.3 and 6.3 min, respectively and the total run time was 10 min. Method validation was performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 255-5566 ng/mL (r2 = 0.995). The intra- and inter-day precisions were in the range of 2.60-7.93 and 3.99-8.64%, respectively. The validated HPLC method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.


A method for determining the class of ash dumps at thermal power stations is described. As a general criterion for selecting the class, it is proposed to use the risk that an event characterized by special combinations of loads and impacts will occur.


Acid gases are often found in industrial and crude natural gas and represent technological problems to the environment and bad effect to the human health. The high-energy demand and processing restrictions make the amine absorption operation sensitive to any change in conditions. The mixture of diethanolamine (DEA) and methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) was developed as the removal of acid gases. The physical properties and the characteristics of the mixture were examined using FTIR, TGA and SEM-EDS and were described in this work. The HYSYS program were conducted in this work to reasonably predict removal amounts of acid gases from natural gas using the mixture diethanolamine (DEA) and methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) mixture as absorbents based on the plant specifications data from PT Pertamina (Persero)'s refinery unit. The correlations between the characteristics of the mixture and simulation model were revealed. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with the experimental data and the results were useful to represent the acid gas absorption process using alkanolamine solutions.


A wafer-scale comparison of HEMTs fabricated on as-grown GaN/Si and HEMTs fabricated in parallel on epitaxial layers from the GaN/Si growth integrated with a diamond substrate are presented. Diamond, which offers the highest room-temperature thermal conductivity of any bulk material, is being evaluated as a solution for thermal limitations observed in GaN-based devices. This paper will present electrical and thermal data collected at the wafer scale demonstrating the improvement realized by integration of a high-thermal-conductivity substrate. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The phenomenon of superconductivity is particularly attractive for computer memories because of the potential low cost per bit stored for memories larger than several million bits. Approximate expressions for the drive requirements of cryoelectric continuous film memories are developed based on Ginzburg-Landau theory. It is shown that crossed-film cryotrons can be matched to continuous film memories. Expressions for the sense output voltages for both line sense and cavity sense are given and compared with experiment. Sense voltages of one millivolt are obtainable from properly designed memories. Fabrication problems reduce the available geometrical tolerance in a memory array to an estimated ten per cent. The future of cryoelectric memories rests entirely on fabrication techniques, particularly in the ability to control impurities and grain parameters in the memory film.


Abstract : Theoretical and experimental studies of negative ion processes and their influence on the stability of weakly ionized glow discharges have been conducted. Emphasis in these investigations has been directed toward analysis of gas mixtures in which negative ions are produced by dissociative electron attachment of CO2, CO, or O2. It is shown that attachment and detachment reactions normally occurring in discharges containing these species can significantly affect both the steady state and transient characteristics of the plasma, even when an external source of ionization is provided. The electron temperature dependence of the electron-molecule attachment coefficient is found to be particularly important in determining the occurrence of ionization instability. (Modified author abstract)


Abstract Ethanol extracts from the leaves of Cayaponia podantha. Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae), Nectandra falcifolia. (Nees) Castiglioni (Lauraceae), and Paullinia elegans. Cambess. (Sapindaceae), as well as from the aerial parts of Helicteres gardneriana. St. Hil. & Naud. (Sterculiaceae) and Melochia arenosa. Benth. (Sterculiaceae), all naturally occurring species in the Brazilian part of the Upper Paraná River and all belonging to genera used in folk medicine, were screened for anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced pleurisy model in rats, and for antimicrobial activity using a broth microdilution assay against Staphylococcus aureus., Bacillus subtilis., Escherichia coli., Pseudomonas aeruginosa., Candida albicans., C. krusei., C. parapsilosis., and C. tropicalis.. In the analysis of anti-inflammatory activity, a 500 mg/kg body weight dose of the extracts of C. podantha., N. falcifolia., P. elegans., and H. gardneriana., administered orally (by gavage), reduced the volume of the inflammatory exudates in rats induced by intrapleural injection. H. gardneriana. also inhibited migration of leukocytes to the lesion site. Crude extract of M. arenosa. was ineffective on the intensity of the inflammatory response. Regarding antimicrobial activity, the best results were obtained with N. falcifolia. and M. arenosa. against the Gram-positive bacteria tested. N. falcifolia. was active against B. subtilis. with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 39 µg/ml and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 75 µg/ml and M. arenosa. with MIC of 625 µg/ml against B. subtilis. and MIC and MBC of 625 µg/ml against S. aureus.. The results obtained demonstrate the importance of pharmacological studies with neotropical plants, and further research into the specific components responsible for the observed bioactivities is under way.


If you are over ten years old, you probably have had at least one original thought. But original thoughts are useless unless you know they are original and know where to apply them


|HE Age of the Package is one way to know these times. Its signs' are abundant. Notice, for example, vacation plans, financial proposals and arrangements, teacher negotiations, book clubs, and the six-variety pack of cat food. Note also the accumulating litter of packages. For, in truth, the package is that contained and its container. The package also is the way it is used. The package is a concept already ma terialized in education. Once considered alien, some packages are recognized as hav ing a solid, even respectable place in school programs. Packaging, indeed, is so common in the general culture that it is expected by many to contribute dramatically to educa tional improvement. Without doubt, the package seems likely to be a feature of edu cational life and for some time to come. Packaging concepts did not enter the educational scene abruptly. Incomplete con cepts have been standard for many years. The textbook is one such package. The text book package contains an instructional mes sage, segmented into "lessons" or "units," accompanied by visuals, exercises, activities, bibliography, and even answers to questions. These components are encased by a binding sturdy enough to withstand a variety of abuses. Merchandising for these packages has insisted upon their validity, usefulness, and potency. Frequently, such packages have been parts of a larger system, a textbook series. The textbook package, however, rep resents an incomplete packaging concept, incomplete at least by contemporary stan dards. It is only one, however major, of many materials that are or may be appropriate for instructional purposes. Likely, it was de veloped independent of other materials, even if additional media (for example, films, ap paratus, ditto masters) accompany it. The textbook probably was developed first and, characteristically, was designed for principal use, with other media cast clearly in support ing roles.


Solving the Water conflict and optimal allocation of common water resources are the most important service of cooperative game theory to water economics. Zayandehrud basin is the most important disputed basin in several neighboring provinces in the first class basin of Iran's central plateau. The purpose of this research is to use the game theory with application of Bankruptcy approach (conflicting claims) in order to optimally allocate surface and underground water resources in the Zayandehrud basin, with regard to Zayandehrud need(tourism sector demand), water transfer to Yazd and Kashan, Gavkhoni wetland water use and demand of three sectors: drinking, mining, and agriculture. In order to estimate the river natural water right (tourism sector demand), the Montana method (tenant) was used under three different scenarios: weak, acceptable and optimal tenant during the period 1963-2017, which was 77.7, 130.5, and 466.5 m 3 respectively yearly estimated. The conflicting claims theory in various scenarios for the river water right (tourism sector) showed that in all three proposed scenarios based on five different bankruptcy theory rules, Proportional, Constrained Equal Wards, Constrained Equal Losses, Talmud, Random Arrival, CEA rule was the most desirable method for 5 sectors (except agriculture). In order to choose a more equitable method, the Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve were used which indicated that CEA rule has less inequality than other rules. Thus, regard to the increasing demand gap in the Zayandehrud Basin, water allocation based on the criteria of bankruptcy theory is proposed.


We carry out several numerical simulations to illustrate how the radial electric field ( Er) impacts the edge magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities. The analyses reveal that Er-shear ([Formula: see text], here the prime denotes the derivative with respect to the radial direction) tends to stabilize the kink[Formula: see text]Peeling–Ballooning modes by dephasing the perturbed radial velocity ([Formula: see text]) and displacement ([Formula: see text]). However, Er-curvature ([Formula: see text]) tends to destabilize the kink/peeling modes by inducing a phase lock between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. More specifically, the ratio between them could be measured to quantify their relative competition strength. Consequently, the shape of Er is crucial to the shape of linear growth rate spectrum [Formula: see text] (here n is the toroidal mode number), which further determines the nonlinear dynamics. On the one hand, relatively larger Er-curvature causes narrower [Formula: see text], leading to larger nonlinear energy loss fraction. On the other hand, relatively larger Er-shear has the opposite effect.


Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, an unconventional superconductor, is known to possess an incommensurate spin density wave instability driven by Fermi surface nesting. Here we report a static spin density wave ordering with a commensurate propagation vector $q_c$ = (0.25 0.25 0) in Fe-doped Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, despite the magnetic fluctuations persisting at the incommensurate wave vectors $q_{ic}$ = (0.3 0.3 L) as in the parent compound. The latter feature is corroborated by the first principles calculations, which show that Fe substitution barely changes the nesting vector of the Fermi surface. These results suggest that in addition to the known incommensurate magnetic instability, Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ is also in proximity to a commensurate magnetic tendency that can be stabilized via Fe doping.