This study aims to analyze the application of good governance and local financial accounting system to the quality of financial statements SKPD. This research was conducted in Manado City Government. Sampling method in this research is by using quantitative approach, by using primary data through questionnaire. This sample is distributed to 40 financial officers from 10 SKPD of Manado City. For this study data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression with statistical program tool, after classical assumption test fulfilled. The data is processed by using SPSS 21 program. The result of this research indicates that good governance has a significant positive influence to the quality of local financial statements and regional financial accounting system there is no significant positive effect on the quality of local financial statements.Keywords: Good Governance, Regional Financial Accounting System, Quality of Regional Financial Report


Photonic crystal fibers provide increased range of mode-field diameters for passive and active fibers. At present, single mode photonic crystal fibers with mode field diameters ranging from sub-micron to beyond 40 /spl mu/m have been demonstrated. For a number of applications, it is desirable to introduce polarization maintaining properties of such fibers. In this presentation, we report on the latest development within this area and explain the design and characteristics of different types of photonic crystal fibers with both polarization-maintaining and polarizing properties.


The study of the absorption spectra of a series of cyanine dyes is often used in the undergraduate laboratory as an example of the application of elementary quantum mechanics to a chemical system (1-4). The lowest electronic transition of these dyes involves the conjugated r system and generally lies in the visible region. Although some fairly so~histicated calculations (5) have been made for these types of dyes, the agreement with experimental results is Door. The s i m ~ l e varricle-in-a-box (or free electron) model. briginally proiosid by Kuhn (6) has been found toprovidd more satisfactory agreement, even though some of the assumptions made are somewhat unrealistic. Consider, for example, the ~olvmethine dyes shown in Figure 1. he conjugated r syite& of these dyes are commonly modelled as providinga "particle-in-a-hox"potential energy surface, in which t h e r ekctrons are allowed to move freely (the free electron model). That is, i t is assumed that the potential energy is constant along the polymethine chain and that i t rises sharply to infinity at the two ends (the nitroeen atoms). The enerw levels for this svstem are eiven by th;? eigenval;es of the s&odinger equatibn for a constrained to a one-dimensional box of length L:


This article is devoted to computational experiments on the basis of the Galerkin method. Its purpose is to illustrate the instability of the trivial solution of Hoff equations defined on a finite connected oriented graph. The vertices of set conditions for continuity and balance flows are provided. This equation models describe dynamics of buckling a double-tee girder under constant load and belong to a large class of the Sobolev type semilinear equations. This paper describes an algorithm and considers an example of the work program developed in the system of Maple computer mathematics. We use the second Lyapunov's method adapted to the case of incomplete normed spaces to describe the stability.


Through analyzing the measured data, the paper obtains distribution law of kinetic energy correction coefficient, solves the large range difference between standard and actual situation, which could achieve the goal of accurately calculate.


Purpose
Prosumers' creative performance in a co-creation activity is greatly affected by the disclosure of activity information. Extant research has separately examined the impact of participant numbers and the impact of platform transparency, but there is a lack of research on the interaction between the two. However, testing the joint effect of the two sources of information can provide a more comprehensive understanding of individuals' co-creation behaviour. This paper aims to fill the gap and further reveal the psychological mechanism behind the behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach
Three experimental studies were conducted to test the hypotheses.

Findings
The results show that a large number of participants will stimulate and inhibit creative performances on untransparent and transparent co-creation platforms, respectively. Moreover, this study found that the effect of the number of participants on creative performance is mediated by arousal on untransparent platforms and by the constraint on idea expression on transparent platforms.

Research limitations/implications
This study advances knowledge of how the number of participants in an activity and platform transparency jointly influence prosumers' creative performance and the corresponding mechanism. However, the main limitation of the study is that the findings are from scenario-based experiments.

Practical implications
This study provides a more comprehensive understanding of prosumers' creative performance under the influence of the number of activity participants and platform transparency. The findings can help co-creation sponsoring companies and co-creation platforms improve activity performance by designing better information disclosure strategies, thereby enhancing platform value.

Originality/value
The findings enrich the literature on platform ecosystem and co-creation by integrating previously separate knowledge on the effects of participant numbers and platform transparency. In addition, the findings deepen the overall understanding of prosumers' behaviour.


Abstract : Three functions must be interfaced with the responsive target computer program for this target to operate in real time. First the program must be tied to a real clock. The integration interval employed in the program is 0.1 second, thus a 0.1-second clock rate must be provided to the system. Second, the position, velocity, and attitude information concerning the state of the opponent must be provided to the program. The information will be obtained from analog voltages ranging from -10 to 10 volts that will be read into the Pacer 100 by an analog to digital converter. Third, the position and attitude of the target must be presented to the pilot in the opponent aircraft. These variables will also be provided as analog voltages and require a digital to analog conversion step. (Author)


Currently, there is a boom of oil and fat industry enterprises. The article studies regularities of changes in wastewater composition, processes of wastewater formation of Bezenchuk oil extraction plant, as well as wastewater chemical and physical parameters. Waste water of industrial enterprises contains a large amount of organic contaminants: hydrocarbon oils, vegetable and animal fats, surfactants, etc. High contaminants concentration at the enterprises makes the treatment difficult being a complex technical and scientific task. Wastewater treatment problem in food industry is largely related to the extraction of fats. Flotation methods of cleaning with the use of reagents are considered; their advantages and disadvantages are revealed.


Fieldwork has always been an integral component of architectural pedagogy for the purpose of acquiring and assimilating knowledge necessary for the overall intellectual development of budding professionals, and in particular, for meaningful design practices. However, there has been — and still is — a continuous debate among architects and educators about the role of knowledge and research in architecture as a discipline, and as a profession. Many in architecture still think of researchers as people in white smocks and thick glasses searching for the mystery and the unknown. In response, scholars and educators have emphasized that research should be viewed as part of everyday actions and experiences. They argue, and rightly so, that traditional teaching practices have long encouraged students to develop design manipulation skills by emphasizing intuition, reflective observation, and concept formation. However, these practices are hypothetical; largely unconcerned with real life situations, neglecting equally important skills that can be enhanced through experiential learning and structured fieldwork. In traditional architectural pedagogy, architecture students are typically encouraged to engage in site visits and walkthrough the built environment in order to observe different phenomena. Unfortunately however, research indicates that these visits and exercises are simply casual and are not structured in any form of investigation or inquiry. Moreover, in large classes, the proposition of a site visit is often met with logistical difficulties, with little opportunity for individual student mentoring. While architectural educators strive to impart the requisite knowledge necessary for successful practice, the approach to this is often divergent, depending on the priorities and ideals of the educator. What and how knowledge is transmitted therefore, has significant professional and social implications. Two major idiosyncrasies continue to characterize teaching practices of lecture based modules in architecture. These can be labeled as a) science as a body of knowledge versus science as a method of exploration and b) learning theories about the phenomena versus getting the feel of the behavior of the phenomena. Concomitantly, there is an urgent need to confront issues that pertain to the nature of reality (what) and the way in which knowledge about that reality is conveyed (how). With the ultimate aim of overcoming misconceptions and idiosyncrasies of architectural pedagogy, this paper adopts the premise that fieldwork is a form of critical inquiry that could take place either in a learning setting or in a real-life situation. It advocates the involvement of students towards a more research orientated mindset, by introducing a framework within which experiential learning and assessment research can be incorporated into architectural pedagogy. This research explores the value of a more rigorous approach to the experiential aspect of field work, which is articulated through the development and implementation of two innovative mechanisms. The first mechanism, 'Virtual Fieldwork', brings the field to the learning setting through the introduction of a number of in-class exercises, which foster active and experiential learning in a classroom setting. The second mechanism, 'Physical Fieldwork', positions the students in the field by introducing two structured experience based exercises, namely "contemplating settings" and the "walking tour." The two mechanisms are validated through the implementation of similar exercises in different educational contexts in Australia, the Middle East, and the United Kingdom. The findings suggest an urgent need to incorporate experience-based structured fieldwork into learning, which will help to engage students in a critical approach to fieldwork, while overcoming inherited misconceptions that characterize traditional architectural pedagogy.


The brutal toll of homicide in their communities has some hospitals working with anti-violence groups to halt the slaughter by trying to stop retaliation. Talking to victims after an attack is "really this golden window of opportunity, when they're open to change", says Marla Becker, left, of Youth Alive.


Industrial lubricants are invariably used with additives (with high sulfur and phosphorous contents) for tribological performance enhancement. However, these additives are environmentally very harmful. Hence, there is an urgent need to find alternate solutions for enhancing the tribological performance of lubricants and components without the use of harmful additives. The objective of this work is to investigate the feasibility of using polymer composite coatings in enhancing the tribological properties of steel surfaces in dry and base oil lubricated conditions. Pure epoxy and its composite (with 10 wt-% of graphene or graphite powder) films were coated onto steel substrates and tested under dry and base oil lubricated conditions. Friction and wear experiments were conducted on a ball on cylinder tribometer between polymer/composite coated cylindrical steel surface (shaft) and an uncoated steel ball as the counterface. Tests were conducted at various normal loads and speeds. In dry condition at 3 N load and 0.63 m s− 1 sliding speed, the wear life of epoxy was increased by five times and coefficient of friction was nearly the same (0.18) on inclusion of graphene nanoparticle. In lubricated case, epoxy/graphene composite coating performed eight times and more than five times better than pure epoxy and epoxy/graphite respectively.


With the proliferation of microgrids (MGs), power distribution grids are transforming into multi-microgrids (MMGs). In these systems, the focus is not only on the economic operation of the individual MGs but also on the power flows between the MGs and the superordinate grid. Therefore, for cost-efficient implementation of MMGs, not only the economic operation but also a cost-efficient design of the MMG must be ensured. Therefore, this paper proposes an approach to determine a cost-efficient MMG expansion that considers both investment and operating costs. Based on a model-based analysis it can be demonstrated that the overall system economics benefits when both components are considered in the scheduling of MGs. Through a series of simulations, it is also shown that the design can vary significantly due to different compositions of the MMG and variations in wholesale prices.


Copper film was plated on Al2O3 ceramic powder in Al2O3 ceramic with copper matrix. The influence of copper film plated on Al2O3 ceramic powder to friction coefficient and amount of wear has been studied in this paper. Variance analysis shows that copper film on Al2O3 ceramic powder does not have significance influence to friction coefficient, but has significance influence to amount of wear of Al2O3 ceramic with copper matrix. Amount of wear of Al2O3 ceramic with copper matrix decreases with the increase of copper film plated on Al2O3 ceramic powder initially. When the copper film plated is beyond 47%, The amount of wear reaches a stable volume, and almost does not reduce again with the increase of the copper film plated on Al2O3 ceramic powder. To Al2O3 ceramic with copper matrix in this paper, the optimum copper film plated is 47%.


This study examines the benefits of Pain Management Programmes (PMPs) for patients with inflammatory arthritis who still report pain and fatigue despite optimal medical management. PMPs are widely recommended (e.g. NICE 2021) for people living with persistent pain, using cognitive behavioural therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. Programmes aim to enable participants to develop self-management ways of living with their pain, so that pain interferes less in their lives and people feel more confident, and positive about the future. We developed a PMP for patients with an inflammatory rheumatological condition with the additional aim of helping participants to identify when they could self-manage their pain and when they needed healthcare to treat their condition and manage acute pain crises.

 Patients were offered the programme in an information session, followed by assessment with a psychologist and physiotherapist where treatments options were discussed, among them the PMP. Selection criteria were: any type of inflammatory rheumatological condition and persistent pain diagnosed at least 18 months earlier and relatively stable in terms of current treatment; over the age of 18; and able to speak English. The programme ran for eight weekly, 5-hour sessions, with reviews at one and 9 months afterwards. Groups of between 3-11 patients were run in person by a multidisciplinary team of specialists from both outpatient pain management and rheumatology services. Between April 2016 and September 2020, 45 patients (8 men, 37 women) attended 6 programmes and 33 completed outcome measures on pain, disability and distress on the first and last day and at reviews.

 Post-treatment results showed significant improvement in confidence in managing pain, less interference of pain with everyday life, less fear, greater acceptance and a more positive outlook. Mood, pain intensity and relief from the pain did not change. Improvements gained post-treatment were sustained at one month and nine-months. The effect size of the improvements was medium or large.

 This study shows that attending a PMP can improve quality of life for people with inflammatory arthritis even without reducing pain intensity. Across the programme, patients grew in confidence to engage in life alongside their pain; with significant changes sustained at nine months. However, follow-up outcomes were not returned by two thirds of those who completed the programme, in part due to the pandemic, making it hard to generalise to the wider population of patients.
 Disclosure
 K. Corcoran: None. I. Hung: None. R. Stovell: None. J. Manson: None. S. Moore: None. A. Soni: None. A. Williams: None.


A systematized active power control scheme has been proposed in this paper to address the most crucial wind specific control functions of permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind-driven generator. The control strategies are targeted to reform the conventional control scheme of the back–back voltage source converters evading additional chopper circuit, dual current control, and compensation loops. Primarily, the torsional mode oscillation damping control is actively incorporated with the dc-link voltage control loop of the machine-side converter. Simultaneously, power regulation associated to fault ride through compliance and oscillation damping pertaining to grid disturbances are amended on grid-side converter active power control loop. The proposed control schemes were studied using PSCAD/EMTDC simulations and the results proved to have better consistency over the conventional schemes under different operating conditions.


A great number of water bodies within urban areas of Kyiv City are exposed to human impact. Hydrotechnical construction operations alter their morphometric and hydrological parameters, water bodies are contaminated with various inorganic and organic substances etc.
Since human impact upon water bodies has diversified, bioindication is a well-established and effective method of assessing water bodies' ecological status and measuring the rate of their ecosystems' disturbance.
Microphytobenthos is an important element of aquatic ecosystems and is widely used as a reliable biological indicator.
While using microphytobenthos as an ecological community, it is required to evaluate the bioindication efficiency of its indicative structural elements, which respond distinctly to changes in anthropogenic factors on the whole and in the degree of human impact upon water bodies of different types.
This paper considers the findings of studying microphytobenthos indicative structural element bioindication characteristics – ecological-morphological group of benthic filamentous blue-green algae and their role in forming the respective parameters among benthonts in the littoral area of Opechen Lower Lake, located within Kyiv City residential community.
Large-scale hydrotechnical construction operations conducted in the lake in 2019 greatly affected its hydromorphometric parameters by reducing the shallow-water area and disturbing the bottom sediments stability, which resulted in increase of the human load.
The objective of the study was to identify key characteristics of the microphytobenthos indicative structural element under conditions of the lake's hydromorphometric parameters alteration.
Benthic algae were sampled with the MB-TE microbenthometer within the littoral area at aquatic-vegetation-free sites located in the lake's upper and lower sections.
Algae sampling and laboratory processing of samples were performed in accordance with the methods generally accepted in hydrobiology. For diatoms identification permanent slides were made with using special high-resolution mounting media. Autochthonous components in microphytobenthos, the indicative ecological-morphological group of benthic filamentous blue-green algae were distinguished proceeding from algae's association with particular biotopes. In addition to separate characteristics (species richness, number, biomass), a multimetric index was calculated for the benthonts' indicative group as an arithmetic average of several characteristics.
The degree of human impact upon the lake ecosystem was calculated according to the proven method, consisting in distinguishing the total number of the most obvious human factors with consideration taken of their different intensity.
The findings of studying the key characteristics of phytomicrobenthos indicative structural element – benthic filamentous blue-green algae in 2018–2019 confirm their high bioindication efficiency and distinct response to hydromorphometric parameters alteration in Opechen Lower Lake. As a consequence of hydromorphometric alterations the share of these algae in the benthonts' species richness, number and biomass has decreased by half, and the vegetation-period-average multimetric index has lowered by 1.7. This gives the evidence that the conditions for bottom algae vegetation have worsened.


Every decade or so a scholarly book appears that is recognized immediately as a bench mark in its area of study, a work which, by virtue of the novelty of its approach or the thoroughness of its research and analysis, will serve for many years as a guide to scholars in charting their own courses. This study of the mythology of Siva is, without doubt, such a book. It is, if memory serves me correctly, the first major scholarly study by a westerner to appear in modern times that concentrates entirely upon the mythology of Siva. This alone is sufficient to make the book a cause for celebration. Studies of the mythology, hymnology, art and symbolism of the cult of Visnu have appeared in relative abundance during recent years. With little or no effort one could cite numerous works on Vaisnavism; J. Gonda's Aspects of Early Visnuism, W. G. Archer's The Loves of Krishna, M. Singer's Krishna. Myths, Rites and Attitudes, and E. C. Dimock's The Place of the Hidden Moon are only a few of the many. But with the exception of a small handful of titles (e.g., C. V. Narayan Ayyar's Origin and Early History of Saivism in South India, V. S. Agrawala's Siva Mahddeva. The Great God, and, more recently, D. Lorenzen's Kapdli\as and Kdlamufyhas. A Study of Two Lost Saivite Sects, and J. Gonda's Visnuism and Sivaism. A Comparative Study) no major scholarly study of the cult of Siva has appeared. Even taking into account these titles, no work of any magnitude that specifically undertakes the study of Saiva mythology and symbolism has been published. The explanation for this lack of sustained interest among western Indologists in the study of Siva and of Saivism over the past two hundred years is not difficult to ascertain. A preponderance of interest in the study of Vaisnavism suggests that western Indologists have, as a general rule, discovered in Visnu, and in his chief avatar Krsna, a deity whose character more closely parallels that of the God of Christianity than does Siva. Siva has often seemed to western scholars to represent a weird and abhorrent conception of divinity, at best, and at worst, the reflection of the psychic life of a madman. Siva is a god who manifests his nature at the most radical extremities of human experience. He is simultaneously an ascetic mendicant and a priapic seducer; a divinity who embodies the powers of austerity and selfmortification, on the one hand, and of sensual pleasure and self-indulgence, on the other. Deeper reasons for this relative neglect of Siva in the west become dramatically clear when we consider the fact that the majority of Indologists have been scholars who either were believing Protestants themselves or were influenced profoundly by the "Protestant ethic." In conformity to the dictates of an ethic established upon the virtues of disciplined labor, stringent thrift, and sober-mindedness, most western observers of Saivism have viewed both asceticism and eroticism as being "the work of the devil." Thus, the appearance of a work on Saiva mythology by a scholar dedicated to the combined ideal of objective analysis and empathic participation, one


Given two structures M and N on the same domain, we say that N is a reduct of M if all emptyset-definable relations of N are emptyset-definable in M. In this thesis, the reducts of the generic digraph, the Henson digraphs, the countable vector space over F_2 and of the linear order Q.2 are classified up to first-order interdefinability. These structures are aleph_zero-categorical, so classifying their reducts is equivalent to classifying the closed groups that lie in between the structures' automorphism groups and the full symmetric group.


ABSTRACT While relations of power have been a repeated theme in studies on textual representations of guest–host interaction in travel and tourism, the emerging genre of travel blogs may offer a new perspective. This paper introduces the mobility/mooring paradigm as a framework for examining communications, looking initially at travel blogs. It proposes that bloggers both 'moor' their interactions with foreign locals in existing archetypes by representing them in stereotypical or generic terms; and represent them in 'mobile' terms, as individuals whose meaning is negotiable rather than fixed. Through qualitative and quantitative content analysis of travel blog posts, it finds that bloggers mostly report local people in positive terms, that these inhabitants written about mostly work in the tourism and service industries, and are mostly reported in 'mobile' terms that allows for re-negotiation of their identity through interaction. The implications for research into power in travel texts are discussed, as well as suggestions for future use of the mobilities/mooring paradigm in communication studies.


ARTICLE HISTORY This article aims to analyze the modernization of education that occurred at the Tebuireng pesantren during the Kyai Wahid Hasyim era. The problems raised in this study are: 1) how was the condition of the Tebuireng Islamic boarding school in 1934-1953; 2) how the modernization of the education system at the Tebuireng Islamic boarding school was; 3) Why the modernization of the Tebuireng Islamic boarding school education occurred in the changes in institutions and learning systems. The method used is the historical method which consists of four steps, namely heuristics, verification, interpretation


Alternate members of the Chinese Communist Central Committee are often overlooked regarding elite formation or even when assessing Chinese elites in general. This article focuses on the case of alternate members of the Central Committee from 1992 to 2007 in order to understand why some individuals will eventually be promoted and why some will never be. Through extensive quantitative testing, I argue that these non-promoted individuals differ from their counterparts in many ways, most of which can possibly be traced back to the type of formation they received early on. As such, the article concludes that Party School attendance and the age factor, through threshold analysis, are a significant factor helping us understand the difference between promoted and non-promoted houbu.


Abstract We investigate how exposure to unethical practices affects the personal attitude of accountants in small accounting firms towards unethical behaviours. This is an important topic for business because accountants in small accounting firms are in a position to influence the behaviour of the large number of businesses they serve. The main independent variable is a measure of exposure to a variety of different types of unethical practices. A regression involving the exposure variable onto personal attitude is carried out using data from owners/managers of small accounting firms in Australia. Findings confirm a negative relationship between the amount of exposure and personal attitude towards questionable practices: increased exposure to questionable ethical behaviour is related to an increase in the level of acceptance of unethical behaviour. While such a finding is not unexpected, it suggests that other strategies need to be pursued to encourage ethical behaviour.


X-ray diffraction methods have been used successfully for the analysis of platinum silicide films of 100 Å or less in thickness. Conventional X-ray diffraction was utilized for phase identification, planar orientation, and crystalline size determination. Low-angle X-ray specular reflectivity analysis measured film thickness. As the nominal film thickness approached 100 Å, it was observed that the deposited platinum film thickness was larger than expected and longer anneal times would be required to ensure homogeneous platinum silicide phase composition.


In terms of quantity, renewable energy sources can fully satisfy the needs of mankind. But, as is known, they, along with power converters, degrade the inertia constant of the power system and complicate the operation of the power system automation. To resist this, existing generators should be remodeled by somehow increasing their inertia or by installing non-load generators (quasi-generators) or by applying synthetic sources of inertia. The increase in the angle δ of the synchronous generators from a smoothly sloping change in the load, which is provided by the quasi-generators, is several times less than from an abrupt change of the load with the same value and duration. The counteraction to a decrease of inertia is most effective when it is carried out directly at the site of the disturbance, i.e., where abrupt power changes occur. Inertia constant of synchronous machines differs less when the dimensions of the machines with greater rated power are more compressed in the axial direction.


In continuously operating robotic systems, efficient representation of the previously seen camera feed is crucial. Using a highly efficient compression coreset method, we formulate a new method for hierarchical retrieval of frames from large video streams collected online by a moving robot. We demonstrate how to utilize the resulting structure for efficient loop-closure by a novel sampling approach that is adaptive to the structure of the video. The same structure also allows us to create a highly-effective search tool for large-scale videos, which we demonstrate in this paper. We show the efficiency of proposed approaches for retrieval and loop closure on standard datasets, and on a large-scale video from a mobile camera.


Objective:To analyze the risk factors related to prognosis of 91 patients with simultaneous liver metastases from colo-rectal cancer. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the survival-related factors of 91 patients with simultaneous liver metastases from colorectal cancer using the multivariate COX analysis. Results:The median survival time of 91 patients with simultaneous liver metastases from colorectal cancer was 16.8 months. The survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 61.54%, 14.79%, and 8.87%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that resection of primary tumor, the staging of liver metastasis, transcatheter arterial chemoembilization (TACE), radiotherapy, physical therapy, chemotherapy, use of new anti-tumor agents were all independently related with the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. COX regression analysis demonstrated that staging of liver metastasis, resection of primary tumor, TACE and physical therapy were the key factors affecting the prognosis of the colorectal cancer patients with simultaneous liver metastases. Conclusion:The survial time of colorectal cancer patients with simultaneous liver metastases could be elongated by resecting primary tumors and performing integrated anti-tumor therapy such as TACE and physical therapy.


The small and the medium enterprises (SME's) sector play a pivotal role in the overall economy of the country, besides contributing significantly towards the employment generation and exports. To compete in the global market, implementing cutting edges and state of the art technologies are essential. SME's located in tier 1 cities are having better access to such technologies when compared to SME's of tier 2 cities like Hubli- Dharwar, Belgaum (Karnataka, India). This work is carried out to identify thefactor influencing performance and to create interest amongst the entrepreneurs. This study attempted to identify the government factors such as frequent change in tax policies, Regulatory issues, Rules and Procedures and their impact on performance of small and medium manufacturing enterprises (SME's) in Hubli-Dharwar region. A well-structured questionnaire was used to capture the relevant data needed for analysis and identification of factors. Statistical package for the social sciences SPSS was used to analyse the dataset and test the various hypotheses. It is for the concerned stakeholders to focus on this factor on priority basis to enable SME's to reach their full potential.


In the context of increasing pressure from both governments and community stakeholders, port cluster stakeholders such as port managing bodies are considered to be at least co-responsible for the externalities produced by the economic activities taking place in the cluster. Because port clusters are not stand alone fortresses, but embedded in complex supply chains characterized by contested industries such as transportation and manufacturing, there is a need for a paradigm shift towards increased collaboration for sustainable development within and across port clusters. As the information and knowledge on sustainability performance remains scattered throughout the port stakeholder landscape, modern technology increasingly offers the potential for efficient information exchange between stakeholders, and advancements to a more sustainable port industry could be expected. However, research demonstrates that port stakeholders continue to refrain from collaboration when interorganizational interests are unaligned with their individual organizational or cluster interests. This Ph.D. dissertation focuses on the collaboration challenges for port sustainability. The first part focuses on collaboration challenges in the supply chain (also termed "vertical collaboration" or "coordination"). The supply chain perspective is divided over three distinct chapters. The first chapter focuses on the aspect of port integration strategies as a strategic response to build, expand or sustain a competitive advantage. Through the consultation of 59 C-suite level executives representing port users, sources for competitive advantage for the Antwerp seaport are identified through linear regression and factor analysis. We observe that port hinterland extension, as a form of port collaboration, or a scale or scope extending strategy does not automatically or immediately lead to an increased port competitiveness potential. The next chapter subsequently develops a general and actionable conceptual framework for port managing bodies to implement modal shift measures to achieve superior environmental performance for container hinterland traffic. This framework was developed through a case study methodology supported by triangulation (literature review, desk research, interviews with experts and a focus group) and adapts Contract Theory principles to influence port user behavior towards modal shift ambitions. Port managing bodies can use this framework to determine which modal shift measures are considered more attractive and feasible to implement by their users. Case studies on the three main container ports of the Hamburg-Le Havre range further support the crucial role of strategic information management for a successful modal shift strategy. The final chapter of the supply chain perspective adopts an inverse vantage point, i.e. that of the hinterland node in supply chain development for sustainability. A socio-economic weighing rule is developed for the inland Port of Brussels, based on a combination of qualitative (in-depth interviews) and quantitative research (calculations based on annual reports and reports of the National Bank of Belgium). A weighing rule allows to observe the absolute and relative socio-economic impacts of a port's traffic categories. In the past, weighing rules were developed for seaports, and this paper adapts the methodology for inland ports, as well as for potential future traffics and co-located logistics platforms, the latter being an inherent characteristic of inland ports. Both the developed weighing rule and a benchmark analysis with five other inland ports demonstrate that the development of high added value traffics necessitates specific attention to the inclusion of negative externality reducing mechanisms in concessions, and coordination with other supply chain stakeholders through increased information exchange. Part two of the dissertation focuses on the development of collaboration for sustainability on the level of the broader industry ("horizonal collaboration" or "co-opetition"). A literature review of 74 scientific papers demonstrates that although a performance management revolution has taken place since the 80's, port performance management scientific articles predominantly focused on financial and operational indicators up until 2013. In industryacademia collaborative projects, the trends towards Triple Bottom Line management is observed. This is the starting point for building a conceptual model in the next chapter. An action research methodology is applied through the consolidation of insights from a four year research project that focuses on the development of an interorganizational network for sustainability in the European ports industry. Textual analysis on 96 meeting reports supports the results. This research demonstrates that there is a need for a crucial 'net broker' role for a separate neutral organization, given that the European seaport industry is characterized by high complexity and stakeholder distrust. In order to further develop collaboration for sustainability, the net broker needs to initiate the network with a 'coalition of the willing', as the demonstration of the shared value concept of the network remains unclear if the diverse set of stakeholders is included. The dissertation concludes that there are four main collaboration challenges for sustainability in the ports industry: industry complexity, stakeholder pressure and hostility, the need for a cultural shift within the industry towards collaborative performance management and tradeoffs between individuality versus synergies in totality. In order to overcome these challenges, strategic information management is vital as it enhances the shared value concept and can lower transaction costs. Port managing bodies are well positioned to integrate information sharing obligations in port user agreements and contracts. For the industry perspective, the cultural shift towards collaboration for sustainability should be initiated by an organization that takes on the role of the 'net broker', so that it can guarantee data confidentiality, consensus based decision making and systems thinking, safeguard against destabilizing events such as overrepresentation of single (types of) stakeholders or behavioral risks (opportunism), lower transaction costs and generate and build trust in the network. Through the fulfillment of these conditions, the port industry can develop as an interorganizational self-regulating 'autopoietic' network for sustainability.


Aimming at the problems such as long tansport line,low work efficiency,workers′ high labor intensity,and low relibility of transport system in raw coal transport system of Chaohua Coal Mine in Zhengzhou Coal Group Industry Co.,Ltd.,this paper provides an overview that centralized monitoring system should be used on original coal transport system to realize the auto control of the transportation system.The paper also proposed the design methods,advantage and shortpoints of centralized control system,as well as problems should be attentioned to.Practice shows that,after the centralized control system replaced the traditional control devices,the reliability,maintainability and operability of the system was greatly improved.


CASE REPORT A 71-year-old male of Asian origin, presented to Dermatology with a four-year history of intermittent scattered pruritic blisters, involving predominantly his upper and lower limbs. He has a background medical history of type-2 insulin-dependent diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, and late onset asthma diagnosed in his 60's. He was commenced on oral prednisolone 5 mg daily by his general physician for presumed pompholyx eczema. All of his other medications were long-standing and predated his skin eruption. On examination, he had scattered blisters with a large 4 cm tense bulla on his right plantar foot (Fig. 1), which limited his ability to walk. He also had scattered erythematous, inflammatory plaques on his knees, thighs, and forearms with necrotic and purpuric vesicles present on his hands (Fig. 2). Initial laboratory investigations showed a normal full blood count, normal eosinophil count, renal, and liver profile. His ESR was 19 and CRP 5. His ANA was positive 1:80 and ENA negative. His porphyrin screen was negative.


aware that the proliferation of books is an almost casual response to the unmanageable inflation of channels of traditional communication. The average book neither deifies scholarship nor especially berates it. Against such a background this book will pass as an interesting account of some mitotic problems, as these problems are conceived by some workers in the field. HERBERT STERN Botany Department, University of Illinois


The United Nations decade of action for road safety 2011-2020 sets an ambitious goal to stabilize and then reduce by half the predicted level of traffic fatalities in low and middle-income countries by 2020. This goal should save around 5 million lives, avoid 50 million serious injuries, and provide an economic benefit of more than US$3 trillion. Impacts on this scale will enhance country and regional development opportunities. In line with this goal, the Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020 identified five priorities: 1) road safety management capacity, 2) infrastructure safety, 3) vehicle safety, 4) road user behavior, and 5) post-crash care. This integrated development perspective is also reflected in the World Bank's new transport sector business strategy. The project's inclusive approach delivers road safety interventions in the demonstration corridors and elsewhere.


NGO takes special advantages over the individual person in environmental administrative public welfare lawsuit.The maturity of American citizen suits and German group action is the illustration of the subject matter.Based on the analysis of American and German NGO system,China should enhance entity competence and change litigation procedure to overcome the difficulties of NGO current operation,to endue it with environmental administrative public welfare litigious rights,and to take it as an turning point to impulse the construction of Chinese environmental administrative public welfare lawsuit system and the development of career of environmental protection.


A crucial role is played by personal biomedical data when it comes to maintaining proficient access to health records by patients as well as health professionals. However, it is difficult to get a unified view pertaining to health data that have been scattered across various health center/hospital sections. To be specific, health records are distributed across many places and cannot be found integrated easily. In recent years, blockchain is regarded as a promising explanation that helps to achieve individual biomedical information sharing in a secured way along with privacy preservation, because of its benefit of immutability. This research work put forwards a blockchain-based managing scheme that helps to establish interpretation improvements pertaining to electronic biomedical systems. In this scheme, two blockchain were employed to construct the base of it, where the second blockchain algorithm is used to generate a secure sequence for the hash key that generated in first blockchain algorithm. The adaptively feature enable the algorithm to use multiple data types and combine between various biomedical images and text records as well. All the data, including keywords, digital records as well as the identity of patients are private key encrypted along with keyword searching capability so as to maintain data privacy preservation, access control and protected search. The obtained results which show the low latency (less than 750 ms) at 400 requests / second indicate the ability to use it within several health care units such as hospitals and clinics.


Samples from seven stratigraphic units of a midden complex in the Eneolithic (Gumelniţa A2) levels at Hârşova-tell (Constanţa County, southeast Romania) were analyzed to test for seasonality signals in coprolite pollen spectra. The very short interval of pollen rain recorded in coprolites makes them particularly attractive as potential bearers of seasonal signals resulting from the pollination phenology of different plant species. The analyzed midden represents 1-1.5 years of deposition and its stratigraphy is constrained at high spatial and temporal resolution, providing an excellent framework for the test. Coprolite pollen spectra are highly polarized and reveal poor pollen preservation and selective pollen destruction. Pollen taxa resistant to destruction and easily identifiable in degraded state (Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia, Poaceae) are present in high amounts often masking signals borne by seasonality-informative taxa, and therefore are not taken into consideration in interpretations of seasonality. Some of the coprolite pollen spectra indicate relatively clear-cut seasonality assignments that coincide with independent inferences based on fish bones and the stratigraphic distribution of coprolite concentration. Other pollen spectra yield equivocal data that cannot be used independently to assign their stratigraphic units to a particular season. Results of this pilot study suggests that short intervals of pollen rain recorded in coprolites, compounded with the vagaries of behavior of individual animals that produced the coprolites, lead to an uneven reflection of the pollen rain in coprolite pollen spectra. Consequently, the power of resolution of these spectra in terms of seasonality varies over a broad range. Although somewhat conflicting, the results of the study suggest that coprolite palynology can potentially be developed as a tool to resolve seasonality, given a better preservation of palynomorphs and if coprolite samples are compounded for each stratigraphic level to minimize the effects of individual behavior of the coprolite producers.


We developed an automatic method for detecting crater clusters with crater spatial distribution based on the Area Voronoi tessellation technique. In the method based on the hierarchical cluster analysis, the evaluation of crater strongly depends on the closest one crater (or one cluster). In the method based on Voronoi tessellation on the other hand, it depends on the adjacent all craters. Since, this approach does not misjudge the pair craters evaluated cluster by the method based on the hierarchical cluster analysis. When a small crater is close adjacent a large crater, a boundary line of Voronoi tessellation is in the rim of the crater. This is different from the line a person pulls by intuition. So, we select Area Voronoi tessellation. For estimate an area of Voronoi, we adopted the wave front method (Watanabe and Murashima, 2006). We applied the Area Voronoi tessellation to observed crater spatial distribution. If the area of Voronoi cell is small, the crater becomes the candidate of the crater cluster. As a result, for the evaluation of crater spatial distribution, we propose that the Area Voronoi diagram is suitable to identify candidates of secondary crater.


Abstract A very efficient and mild method for benzylic ether deprotection in neutral medium by photoinduced single electron transfer initiated oxidative cleavage is reported.


Living organisms are complex, and are typically composed of many interacting subsystems. In order to understand the complex genetic networks present in the whole cell, it is of crucial importance to first understand the dynamic behavior of modular genetic circuits. Recently a few subsystems on the genetic level, namely, genetic repressilators or oscillators, and bi-stable gene circuits, have been constructed and manipulated. In the former case, while mathematical model predicts simple oscillations, it has been observed that period varies from one oscillation to another considerably. Realizing that laboratory biochemical experiments take place in space in a distributed way, we study coupled repressilators. Let the repressilator of Elowitz and Leibler [1] be described by the following set of 6 ordinary differential equations:


The specific effects of L-lactate and urate on oxygen binding by the haemocyanin of the lobster Homarus vulgaris were investigated. Increasing concentrations of L-lactate were found to increase haemocyanin oxygen-affinity. The relationship between the oxygen affinity (Δlog P 50 ) and [L-lactate] expressed as (Δlog P 50 )(Δlog[L-lactate]) −1 was −0.11 at L-lactate concentrations between 0.3 and 11mmoll −1 and pH7.99±0.03. Urate, likewise, had a potentiating effect on haemocyanin oxygen-affinity: (Δlog P 50 )(Δlog[L-lactate) −1 was −0.18 at urate concentrations between 0 and 0.93mmoll −1 and pH7.99±0.03. Cooperativity, expressed as n 50 , was reduced by the presence of both modulators. The influence of the simultaneous presence of both factors on haemocyanin oxygen-affinity was also investigated. The effects of L-lactate and urate on haemocyanin oxygen-affinity were found to be additive. The possible physiological role of these modulators is discussed. Note: To whom reprint requests should be addessed.


has been considered as a standard buffer material for the disposal of high level waste in KAERI disposal system design. But it had relatively lower thermal conductivity compared with other surrounding materials, that was one of key parameters to limit the increase of the disposal density in the disposal system. In this study, various additives were selected and mixed with the Ca-bentonite in different mixing methods in order to increase the thermal conductivity from 0.8 W/mK to 1.0 W/mK. As an additive, CNT (Cabon Nano Tube), graphite, alumina, CuO, and Fe


This study presents a meta-analysis of mass communication research on China from 2000 to 2010. It reveals patterns in authorship, methodological and theoretical approaches, medium, and area of focus, through a content analysis of 159 articles published in 20 major communication journals. Eight frameworks frequently used by communication scholars to study China are identified in a follow-up analytical review. The paper concludes with discussion on the implications of the findings and suggestions for future work.


We show that to describe properly the low energy excitations of $CuGeO_{3}$ one must include the effects of a transverse antiferromagnetic coupling, which is estimated to be $J_{\perp}=0.15 J$. Owing to this coupling the frustration in the chains is significantly lower than recent 1D estimates based on purely one-dimensional arguments, we find $J_{2}=0.2 J$. Furthermore we have found a strong modulation of the nearest neighbour coupling due to the static distortion $\delta = 0.065$, which is 5 times higher than that previously deduced from a 1D chain approach. Our set of parameters gives, i) a value of the distorsion which agreeswell with some recent estimate for a lower bound, we are able to perfectly reproduce ii)the dispersions, iii) the experimental susceptibility at both high and low temperatures. By performing DMRG calculations for 2 coupled chains we have analysed the effect of the transverse coupling on the ratio of singlet to triplet gaps. The ratio is very sensitive to the parameters and the universality reported in the strict one dimensional case is lost. As an additional point, we provide a simple picture to explain the interesting new feature observed in recent inelastic neutron scattering experiments: the existence of a second branch of excitations.


Waterproof cover plate (50) which is detachably attached to a terminal connector (32) of an endoscope (10) and comprising: an outer cylinder (52) having an engaging member (60) which is releasably engageable with the outer periphery of a shell portion (62) which is a mating connector pin (32A) of the terminal fitting (32) is provided; and an inner cylinder (54) which is arranged in the interior of the outer cylinder (52), one end of the inner cylinder (54) is closed, and the inner cylinder (54) has a sealing portion (72), which against an inner periphery of the is pressed shell portion (62), wherein a to the outside of the watertight connection flap (50) leading to the outlet opening (80) is formed between the outer cylinder (52) and the inner cylinder (54) when the water-tight end cap (50) on the terminal connector is mounted (32).


This study explored the issue of relevance of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in expanding educational access to prisoners. In so doing, one key research question "how relevant is the ODL system in expanding educational access to Tanzanian prisoners?" was addressed. Through a discourse analysis approach, data were collected from the analysis of relevant documents. Documents such as policies, theses, journal articles, relevant websites, books, reports, and newspapers which were thought to be relevant to the study were analysed. With the guidance of the checklist, all relevant information which could assist in addressing the research question was recorded and then, the raw data were properly documented to form transcripts. The raw data from the transcripts were then thematically analysed to form themes and sub-themes which then became the headings/parts of this paper. The findings suggest that prison education is a relevant approach for prisoner rehabilitation. However, considering that prisons are complex environments (total institutions), it is difficulty to conduct education through conventional or/and evening class approaches, hence, ODL is considered a more appropriate approach to expand prisoners' access to education. This paper calls for both Single Mode and Dual Mode Open and Distance learning institutions – in collaboration with the Tanzania Prisons Service (TPS) – to develop relevant ODL courses for prisoners to serve the purpose.


Cloud computing introduces an efficient scale mechanism that can let construction of E-learning system be entrusted to suppliers and provide a new mode for E-learning. It provides a convenient, on-demand access to a centralized shared pool of computing resources that can be deployed by a minimal management overhead and with a great efficiency. Cloud Computing is a new model for hosting resources and provisioning of services to the consumers. Therefore, an E-learning system based on Cloud computing infrastructure is feasible and it can greatly improve the efficiency of investment and the power of management, which can make E-learning system development into a virtuous circle and achieve a win-win situation for suppliers and customers. This paper discusses the recent development in e-learning and incorporates it to cloud computing because it is proven to be an advantage. Here, the author also presented the e-learning architecture in the cloud.


The pricing as an element of the sports organizations' marketing mix must be observed in the context of three other elements: sports offer (products), distribution (location) and promotion. When setting the price for their sports offer (products), marketing experts in sports organizations need to consider the offer complexity as a starting point. In parallel, the view of sports audience (spectators, media, sponsors, advertisers, competition agents, etc.) should be taken into account in regards to the various levels of sports offer including: experience, event, result, image and brand. There are three methods for setting the price: internal, external and combined. The pricing is also affected by the ownership aspect of the sports organizations, which can be public and private, profit and not-for-profit, etc. There are various forms of showing prices in the sports market: tickets price, the price of player transfers to other clubs, the price of won trophy prizes, the price of TV broadcasting rights, sponsorship agreements price, the price of advertising space in sports venues, the price of transferring rights for using a sports brand, the price of membership fees, the price of instructor services, the training premises rental


Synthesis of 1,3,5-tris(2-aryloxyethyl)isocyanurates by esterification of 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate under microwave irradiation in a direct and efficient way in solvent free conditions.


Little information has been available on adverse drug events in outpatients. These authors assessed the frequency of emergency department visits for


A mixed-valence Co6 cluster was synthesized and characterized. It exhibits a defect disk-shaped architecture. DC magnetic property studies in the 2.0–300 K range revealed antiferromagnetic interactions between the CoII ions.


Since April 2003 the UK government has been phasing out paper pension books. Previously, many older people received their pension benefits by using paper slips which were exchanged for cash at the Post Office. Now, the state pension is transferred directly into a bank account and cash obtained by using a bank card, keypad and a four digit personal identification (PIN) number. The system is believed to be more secure and mirrors wider changes in the UK retail sector. People with dementia or early memory problems are likely to have difficulty remembering their four-digit PIN number, however, there has been little research into the level of cognitive ability a person requires to be able to manage their financial affairs. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 consecutive attendees at a medical day hospital, and 15 from a local community centre. All were community dwelling, aged over 65 with no acute medical or psychiatric illness, gave consent and were fluent in English. Ethical committee approval was obtained. Our main hypothesis was that cognitive impairment could be associated with difficulty in using a PIN number and keypad.


Resilient systems maintain state awareness and an accepted level of operational normalcy in response to disturbances, including threats of an unexpected and malicious nature [1]. In this paper we present a resilience metric for a large scale multi-physics system. We summarize the resilience metric calculations methods from different domains and analyze the fundamental challenges for case-by-case resilience metric calculation methods. We propose to decompose complex systems into subsystems and calculate multiple performance metrics, which are then combined to determine the resilience metric. Based on the context of ship automation system, we define a normalized resilience metric, which can be estimated by the system decomposition approach. The value of the resilience metric is between 0 and 1, where 1 is the best possible resilience. In a case study presented in this paper, we consider a ship chiller system that is partially damaged due to an external event. The control strategy takes proper action to determine new configuration that maximizes the resilience metric.


SummaryOver the period 1947 to 1965 studies were made of the effects of four cultural treatments and four levels of ammonium sulphate on crop growth and fruit composition of Washington Navel and Late Valencia oranges, budded on to either Rough Lemon or Sweet Orange rootstocks. In terms of yield and quality, the best treatment combination was weed control by kerosene oil sprays together with 4 lb. of ammonium sulphate per tree per annum. For this treatment combination the average annual yield over the five-year period 1961–65 approached 500 lb. per tree.Almost all the nitrogen requirements of mature citrus trees were obtained from clover grown during March to September and then rotavated into the soil. Repeated ammonium sulphate applications caused soil acidity, aggravating an inherent soil phosphorus deficiency. Basal superphosphate applications, made since 1955 at an average annual rate of 4 lb. per tree, gradually improved fruit quality.From 1955 to 1965 small annual calcium carbonate applications of up...


Henri Lelevel's La philosophie moderne par demandes et reponses (1697) is a very interesting as well as pretty neglected attempt to disseminate the new philosophy among a larger audience, including the non specialists. Either the style of presentation ( par demandes et reponses ) or the oversimplification of the topics discussed is clearly intended to reach people interested to a smattering of philosophy. More than the comparisons between the traditional (Aristotelico-Scholastic) and the new philosophy and the compendia, this work vouches for the great interest toward the new philosophy. In this particular case the model is the philosophy of Malebranche, whose interpretation of Descartes thought is preferred by Lelevel, worried by the excessive twist given toward empiricism in P.-S. Regis's rendering of Cartesian philosophical system. Lelevel's logic is directed to eliminate the confusion between sense data and knowledge, echoing also Malebranche's notion of e tendue ideale , one of the major contribution to the reconsideration of Descartes' thought. This paper aims to sketch the mains topics discussed in the four sections of Lelevel's work, with some cross-references to Malebranche's writings. Keywords : Cartesianism, Henri Lelevel, Nicolas Malebranche, Philosophie moderne , Pierre-Sylvain Regis English title : Henri Lelevel's Philosophie moderne : A Handbook of Malebranchian Philosophy DOI : 10.14640/NoctuaV5


This article deals with performance verification of architecture models of real-time embedded systems. We investigate scheduling analysis of multi-tasks applications running on real-time operating systems (RTOS in this article). Scheduling analysis on these types of system can be performed with the real-time scheduling theory, but applying it is a complicated task. To allow designer to automatically apply this theory, we propose several architectural design patterns. Each architectural design pattern models a classical task synchronization or communication protocol available in RTOSes. In this article, we focus on those design patterns composition. We show how to compose the proposed design patterns and how scheduling analysis can be run with them.


The ion transport across a biomembrane is related to various important bioreactions such as photosynthesis, metabolism and neurotransmission. The ion transport from one aqueous phase, W1, to another, W2, across a bilayer lipid membrane, BLM, which incorporates some compounds such as ionophores, channel−forming peptides and proteins, has been investigated in order to analyze the features of an ion transport across a biomembrane. It has been proposed that the ionophores, such as valinomycin and nonactin, enable alkali ion transportation by carrying across the hydrophobic region of the BLM, because these hydrophilic cations are strongly complexed with hydrophobic ionophores. These associated cations only have been regarded as transport ions, as shown in Fig. 1 (a). Little attention, however, has been given to the electroneutrality within the BLM in this model. The authors had already proposed the new ion transport mechanism, as shown in Fig. 1 (b) [1]. In the proposed model, not only the cations but also the counter anions transport oppositely each other and the electroneutrality within the BLM is also kept. In the present study, cyclic voltammograms for the ion transport facilitated by valinomycin and nonactin in various supporting electrolytes (KCl, KBr, KNO3, KSCN, KClO4) were measured and were analyzed quantitatively based on the Goldman−Hodgkin−Katz equation, G.H.K equation. Based on the G.H.K equation, the ion transport current density is described as Eq. (1) in the case that only MX is presence in W1 and W2 [2].


The optimization of existing sewer systems or making new systems is and will remain one of the key issues in drainage management in our society. The problem consists of minimization of a nonlinear cost function subjected to nonlinear constraints. To overcome the difficulties of the optimization of drainage systems, in this paper, an elitist adaptive genetic algorithm (EAGA) for pipe optimization has been developed, by integrating elitist genetic algorithm (EGA) with adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA). We compare the performance of the EAGA with that of EGA and AGA in optimizing sewer systems. The EAGA converges to the global optimum in far fewer generations than the EGA and AGA. We believe that the EAGA is the first step in realizing a class of self-organizing genetic algorithms (GAs) capable of adapting themselves in locating the global optimum in drainage systems.


The article considers classification of methods of economic analysis of economic subjects as active systems with purpose-oriented agents. Interactive methods of economic analysis are investigated separately as an independent group.


The development of modern information technology and the increasingly rich network resources create new opportunities for interpreting learning and teaching.The common available network resources of interpreting teaching and learning may be divided into the following categories:network resources of enhancing students' knowledge and language skills,the ones of enriching students Wikipedia knowledge,the ones of improving their interpretation skills,and the website of helping students pass an interpreter certification exam.Teachers should make efficient use of network resources to serve interpretation teaching in order to train high-quality interpreters according to the characteristics of interpreters and their knowledge and capability.


Renee Hobbs' white paper—Digital and Media Literacy: A Plan of Action—presents a clear and practical map for coalescing and building on the many digital and media literacy programs around the country which have been developed in schools, libraries, community and non-profit organizations, and businesses. Hobbs, a media literacy pioneer, professor and founder of the Media Education Lab at Temple University, brings rich experience to this project, enabling her to put forward recommendations which could bring together people in a wide variety of roles to support an inclusive community-education movement. Backed by The Aspen Institute1 and the Knight Foundation, this report not only offers a significant opportunity to bring together existing digital and media literacy groups, but also aligns state and federal officials, policy makers, and grant-making organizations. In this 64-page paper, Hobbs defines the essential competencies of digital and media literacy as including not only the foundations of finding and assessing appropriate information but also as creating and sharing messages as well as taking action (contributing ideas locally and nationally, making good health decisions, volunteering to teach others, finding jobs and mates online, and voting, as examples). She introduces ten recommendations for action in four broad categories: • Support community-level digital and media literacy • Develop partnerships for teacher education • Research and assessment • Parent outreach, national visibility, and stakeholder engagement Professor Hobbs also provides examples of successful programs and shares proven instructional practices. Forewarned is forearmed, and Dr. Hobbs highlights some of the major challenges which are likely to get in the way of program implementation. For example, when thinking about digital and media literacy, it is often easier for Americans to focus on technology than on the more complex challenges associated with teaching the skills to utilize technology in a way that enriches individual lives and society as a whole. Writes Hobbs (2010), "Existing paradigms in technology education must be shifted towards a focus on critical thinking and communication skills and away from 'geewhiz' gaping over new technology tools" (xii). And, as is absolutely critical, she works to unite the sometimes divisive split between those who prefer protection, which includes restricting access and content, and those who favor freedom of speech in all circumstances: "We Department of Journalism, Media Studies, and Public Relations, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA


Agent-based models (ABMs) integrate multiple scales of behavior and data to produce higher-order dynamic phenomena and are increasingly used in the study of cancer. However, the complexity of ABMs provides numerous challenges to their effective use, mostly related to the relatively high computational cost in carrying out the simulation experiments by which ABMs are developed, calibrated and used. Highperformance computing (HPC) platforms can address some of these computational constraints. We have developed a framework, called Extreme-scale Model Exploration with Swift/T (EMEWS), that can leverage the computing capabilities of HPC parallel architectures by integrating model exploration (ME) modules such as machine learning and evolutionary computing methods to augment the performance of large-scale simulation experiments. EMEWS can be used to aid in the calibration, parameter estimation and model exploration of any simulation-model. Herein we provide a use case examining the factors and patterns of mutational events of oncogenesis in population level simulations of a mechanism-based ABM of colorectal cancer (CRC). Keywords—agent-based model; calibration; colorectal cancer; model exploration; oncogenesis; parameter estimation; workflow I. ADAPTIVE MODEL EXPLORATION FOR ABMS Agent-based modeling is an object-oriented, discrete-event, rule-based, spatially-explicit, stochastic modeling method that maps well to biology [1]–[3]. However, the use of agent-based models (ABMs) has several challenges [2]–[4]. The current development and use of ABMs typically requires the execution of many model runs to account for stochastic variation in model outputs as well as to explore the possible range of model outcomes under alternative parameter settings and experimental conditions [2]. The need for adapting such model exploration (ME) over time comes up in several situations: design of simulation experiments [5], [6], simulation exploration of model parameter space either locally or globally, and for simulation optimization in which the goal is to find a set of parameter values that maximize an objective or achieve satisfactory levels [7]. Adaptive ME is made more complex by the stochastic nature of the underlying simulations [8]. Currently, the "adaptive" aspect of exploring parameter/behavior space is done manually, with researchers updating how parameter sets are to be modified for the next set of batch runs. This process is a mainstay in the use of ABMs, but in practice this approach is only able to sample a small fraction of the model's total parameter space (that subset pre-selected by the user). From a practical standpoint simulations are generally aimed at finding at least one subset of parameter space that will allow sufficient calibration and "validation" of the underlying ABM. In such cases there should not be a presupposition of the uniqueness of such a solution, and it should be recognized that there may be additional, more robust or "interesting" regions of parameter space that are not being characterized. The limitations of this approach are accentuated with increasingly large and complex ABMs; practical and computational constraints invariably result in smaller and more limited sampling of the range of potentially rich behaviors from such ABMs. In order increase the potential benefits from agent-based modeling, we have created the Extreme-scale Model Exploration with Swift/T (EMEWS) framework [9] EMEWS, which is built on Swift/T [10] offers the capability to run very large, highly concurrent ensembles of simulations of varying types while supporting a wide class of ME algorithms, including those increasingly available to the community via Python and R libraries. Furthermore, it offers a software sustainability solution, in that ME studies based around EMEWS can easily be compared and distributed. A central EMEWS design goal is to ease software integration while providing scalability to the largest scale (petascale plus) supercomputers, running millions of ABMs, thousands at a time. Initial scaling studies of EMEWS have shown robust scalability [11]. The tools are also easy to install and run on an ordinary laptop, requiring only an MPI (Message Passing Interface) implementation, which can be easily obtained from common OS package repositories. As a demonstration of its potential utility we are using EMEWS to examine the dynamic patterns of mutational events in an ABM of oncogenesis of colorectal cancer that can generate incidences of cancer that match epidemiological data from the SEER cancer database. II. ONCOGENESIS: MECHANISMS TO POPULATIONS We assert that cancers as generated from baseline tissue dynamics when mutational events lead to dysfunction of normal cellular processes, and that the development of cancers is an extremely rare event over the sum total of cellular divisions in an organ/tissue over the lifetime of an individual. We have developed cell-level ABMs that generate dynamically stable baseline tissue behavior, where cellular functions/agent rules are governed by the presence of a corresponding intact "gene" within an array that abstractly represents the genome of the cell. Cells are exposed to a stochastic but bounded degree of DNA damage per time step, which the cell can repair at a certain rate assuming intact genes governing those functions. Simulations are run over decades of simulated time; genetic damage accumulates over time, leading to loss of functions, which eventually result in the development of cells that display the Hallmarks of Cancer [12]. Since each instance of the ABM represents an individual person, this approach is able to link cellular-genetic events/functions to individual patient trajectories to population scale data. We have applied this modeling approach to discover new genetic drivers of breast cancer oncogenesis [13], the transition from premalignant lesions to breast cancer [14], the selective fitness hierarchies involved in oncogenesis and inflammation [15] and the differences between sporadic CRC and CRC arising from inflammatory bowel disease [16], [17]. This latter work involves the gastrointestinal oncogenesis agent-based model (GIOABM). The GIOABM incorporates "genes" that govern functions critical for normal tissue dynamics that are also implicated in the development of colorectal cancer (APC, Beta-catenin, PIK3CA, DCC, E-cadherin, K-Ras, TGF-beta, p53, telomerase, C-src, SMAD4, and BRAF) grouped by general function to reflect those biologic behaviors regulated by each gene: dysregulated proliferation, increased DNA damage or decreased DNA repair, failure of apoptosis, and uninhibited motility. The GIOABM generated tumors in both the wild-type population and colitis population that matched known epidemiologic rates retrieved from the SEER database and extrapolated from existing epidemiologic studies on ulcerative colitis patients, respectively (Figure 1). Figure 1: GIOABM matching of SEER incidences of sporadic CRC and extrapolated incidences of inflammatory bowel disease related CRC. However, in order to generate cancer rates matching those seen in reality it was necessary to change the baseline DNA repair capacity over time. While this is expected, as it is well known (though poorly understood) that the human body's ability to repair DNA damage diminishes with age, it represented an artificial fitting parameter within the GIOABM. Therefore, the GIOABM was modified to explore patterns and network topologies of genetic events governing impaired DNA repair capacity that could generate output matching SEER data. III. GIOABM EXPLORATION WITH EMEWS The synthetic genome of the GIOABM was modified to posit up to 10% of the genome as being able to adversely affect the ability of cells to repair DNA damage, and further posited an additional two hierarchies of controlling genes "upstream" to the effector genes. Search across the various perturbations of this network structure represented a computationally intensive task, and therefore we employed an adaptive model exploration algorithm, using the Python DEAP [18] evolutionary algorithm (EA) library, within the EMEWS framework to increase the efficiency of the search. Here we describe results from our scaling performance runs. Figure 2: Scaling study results for EMEWS GIOABM calibration workflow on IBM Blue Gene/Q. Performance results: The EMEWS framework was configured to fit model outputs with ulcerative colitis rates from the SEER database. The workflow was deployed on the IBM Blue Gene/Q Mira at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory. Results are shown in Figure 2. For each increasing core count (a power of 2, minus 2 EMEWS control cores), we increased the problem size (a product of candidate parameter combinations and number of stochastic variations) to make use of the increased processing concurrency. For each problem size, some total number N of simulation tasks were generated and completed by EMEWS, which terminated after some number of seconds T. The reported task rate is N/T. For core counts 14 16,382, the number of iterations within the model exploration algorithm was 4, sufficient for benchmarking. For core count 65,534, our capstone run, we ran 100 iterations, a plausible number for producing a convergent result. The capstone case ran 6,024,000 simulations in just under 22 minutes for a task rate of 4,570 simulations/second.


Hybrid systems are the networks of interacting digital and analog devices. The identifying characteristic of hybrid system is that it incorporates both continuous components, governed by differential equations and discrete components controlled by programs. These programs are designed to select, control, and supervise the behaviors of the continuous components. A FDI(fault diagnosis isolation) system which is frequently used in flight redundancy management system can be regarded as a hybrid system, shown in Fig 1. The system is modeled as a hybrid system with a network of parallel components,namely four sensor dynamics and a monitor in which the algorithm is embedded,where a fault may occur in a sensor at arbitrary time point and a monitor voter(V/M) samples four sensors output, decides which sensor is faulty according to sensor's output compared with other three ones and calculates a output to other components. A rigorous design of the FDI algorithm is presented in the paper. Firstly the concurrent behaviors are captured and tackled, while associated properties are derived. Then the requirement algorithm and design of decision variable are specified via Duration Calculus and mix term hybrid description languages. In the phase of verification, traditional program logic, suitably extended is used to verify the discrete component and a number of properties of the system are derived subsequently. Finally, the requirement is shown to be satisfied by proving that it can be deduced from the system properties.


The idea of objective, computer based methods for testing audio quality is introduced in this work. Including some basic of perceptual coding, international standards and description of new measurement algorithm. With described algorithm PEAQ we have measured a characteristics of four different codecs and have shown the results in this paper


Measurements of the Hugoniot equations of state of hardened and annealed 2024 aluminum at pressures below 50 kbar are presented. The major aim of the experiments was to determine the validity of elastic‐plastic theory, which predicts that, at a given compression, the stress normal to the shock front is larger than the hydrostatic pressure necessary to produce the same compression by an amount equal to two‐thirds the yield strength in simple tension. Oblique shock geometry was employed. Shock and free‐surface velocities were recorded with a streak camera by means of a light‐reflection technique employing the principle of the optical level. This technique provides continuous recording of free‐surface motion with time, an essential requirement because of the existence of a double shock system. The observed elastic wave amplitudes (5.4±0.2 kbar and 0.9±0.2 kbar for hardened and annealed material, respectively) agree within experimental precision with values predicted from static tensile specimen data. The shock wave data, in the range 25–50 kbar, yield one‐dimensional strain isotherms which, while significantly different for the two different hardness conditions, agree within experimental precision with semitheoretical curves based on Bridgman's hydrostatic data to 30 kbar and on simple tension stress‐strain data. No significant strain rate effects are evident. It is concluded that elastic‐plastic theory is valid for the description of plane shock waves in this material.


This paper presents a wideband Doherty Power Amplifier (DPA) suitable for Band-1 and Band-3 LTE Basestation applications, using Qorvo's 0.25um GaN on SiC High-Voltage technology. This DPA puts out 85W Pavg and 500W peak power at the Doherty 50-Ω output, with relatively flat 4549% average efficiency across 20% frequency bandwidth, when tested using 10dB PAR WCDMA signal. The DPA offers very good linearized DPD performance in band-1 for 1×20MHz and 3z20MHz LTE signals. To the knowledge of the authors, this is a first 2-Way DPA demonstration exhibiting such wideband high power levels, over 20% bandwidth, while maintaining good efficiency and relatively good linearized performance, with less complexity.


Nanostructured Cu‐9.5Ni‐4.0Sn‐7.5P samples represent a polycrystal microstructure of nanometer‐sized α‐Cu and Cu3P crystallites for crystallite sizes less than 20 nm and of nanometer‐sized α‐Cu, Cu3P, and Ni2P crystallites for crystallite sizes greater than 20 nm. The specific heat values between 300 K and 400 K for the nanostructured sample with crystallite size of 10 nm are about 20% higher than for the amorphous sample and about 40% higher than for the coarse‐grained sample. The hardness of the nanostructured sample with crystallite size of 10 nm is 30% higher than that of the amorphous sample and 110% higher than that of the coarse‐grained sample. The variation in hardness with the crystallite size for the nanostructured samples follows the Hall‐Petch relationship.


Regional labour mobility is of increasing concern in the context of the Single European Monetary Policy, as EMU implies a reduction of national policy options. Thus, it is important that the remaining adjustment mechanisms function effectively. While most of the empirical literature focuses on labour mobility in terms of migration, this paper provides an empirical assessment of the determinants of aggregate regional commuting flows in the EU, an issue often examined in a local or national context but still un(der)explored on EU level. Using an extended gravity framework, commuting is found to respond to differences in regional wages and unemployment, and to provide an equilibrating mechanism to labour market disequilibria. Higher levels of education and labour force participation of women, as well as a larger services sector are associated with a higher percentage of commuting. Finally, the results reveal interesting geographical differences between internal, border and coastal regions.


Gilles de la Tourette gained eponymous fame when he described nine cases of multiple tics, coprolalia and echolalia, and later he, Guinon and Grasset were the first to document the psychopathology of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. In particular, they noted the association between obsessional thoughts and behaviours and the tic disorder. In this paper we present the first English translations of their works referring to the psychopathology, comparing and contrasting their ideas to current concepts.


We propose UnLoc [1], an unsupervised indoor localization scheme that bypasses the need for war-driving. Our key observation is that certain locations in an indoor environment present an identifiable signature on one or more sensing dimensions. An elevator, for instance, imposes a distinct pattern on a smartphone's accelerometer; a specific spot may experience an unusual magnetic fluctuation. This form of urban sensing and activity recognition has already been demonstrated in literature [2, 3], but not yet applied in pure localization applications. We hypothesize that these kind of signatures naturally exist in the environment and can be envisioned as internal landmarks of a building. Mobile devices that "sense" these landmarks can recalibrate their locations, while dead-reckoning schemes can track them between landmarks. Neither war-driving nor floorplans are necessary - the system simultaneously computes the locations of users and landmarks, in a manner so that they converge reasonably quickly. We believe this is an unconventional approach to indoor localization, holding promise for real-world deployment.


The substation sizing and locating process is analyzed and the skillful application of recursion algorithm in this process is demonstrated.Finally,the prospect of the combined application of genetic algorithm and recursion is made.


A field study was conducted to compare performances of four particle sizing samplers including circular jet cascade impactor, rectangular jet cascade impactor (slotted), cyclonic jet cascade impactor, and dichotomous sampler. Sampling runs were performed with the samplers operating simultaneously in order to facilitate direct comparisons. Several problems were noted which hindered performance. Particle bounce was a definite cause for erroneous results in all impactors unless a greased impaction surface was used. Whenever particle bounce occurred, a significant amount of wall loss also occurred. In some cases the dichotomous sampler exhibited a high degree of wall loss due to its intricate internal piping. The small intake volumes of the cyclonic jet and dichotomous samplers during a 24-hour period necessitated a precise balance to measure the collected sample of ambient particulates. The circular jet cascade impactor, using silicone-greased aluminum foil collection medium, was found to be the only sampler of the four which performed consistently.


The PA School Librarians Association collaborated with the University of Pittsburgh on a Library Services and Technology Grant to create a model curriculum for information literacy to support the PA Core Standards, develop an evaluation system for school librarians in the PA Department of Education Educator Effectiveness System, and develop and carry out four leadership academies for PA school librarians.


The legume percentage in the hill and high country pastures of New Zealand is often low. When increasing the legume content of hill pastures by oversowing a higher than normal sowing rate has been suggested, but there is little information on the effect of higher sowing rates. Furthermore, use of new legume species requires information on the effect of sowing rate on their establishment from oversowing. To determine the appropriate sowing rate for oversown legume species, a trial was conducted at the AgResearch Hill Country Research Station, Ballantrae at 310 m altitude on a north west (sunny) aspect during 1993. The soil was Ngamoka silt loam with a pH of 5.4 and low soil fertility (Olsen P 10 flgP/g soil). The seed rates were 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 viable seeds/m2, and seed was hand broadcast on 19 April, 1993 in plots of one m2• The legume species used were: subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), persian clover (T. resupinatum L.), white clover (T. repens L.) and strawberry clover (T. fragiferum L.) The trial comprised three randomised complete blocks. The site was blanket sprayed with 36% glyphosate prior to sowing. The sown seed was trodden with sheep. The highest sowing rate gave the highest (P<0.05) seedling density per unit area and highest legume herbage mass. The maximum contribution of legumes to pasture yield at seven months after sowing occurred at 1000 seeds/ m2 for subterranean clover (70%) and at 2000 seeds/m2 for persian clover (30%). The two perennial legume species contributed less than 10% of the total herbage mass. The plots were then grazed by sheep and following grazing the herbage contribution from the legumes was increased for the perennial legumes and decreased for the annual legumes. Overall, results showed that if seed rate was increased from 500 to I 000 seeds/m2, then the herbage contribution of legume species oversown in hill country will be increased. That is, sowing rates greater than those usually recommended would increase the legume contribution to total herbage mass. Additional key words: Sowing rate, seedling density, herbage mass, hill country. Trifolium subterraneum, T. resupinatum, T. repens, T. fragiferum.


Gaussian mixture model with the standard EM algorithm is a widely applicable approach for science computing and research. The truncation or censoring phenomenon is most frequently appearing in data collection work of science research. So this motivated interest in solving the truncated or censored data problem. This paper studied a truncated and censored EM algorithm for fltting multivariate Gaussian mixture models to data that is truncated and censored simultaneously. A split and merge operation was proposed to improve its sensitive to initialization. We verifled this method on some synthetic and real data sets and got some good result.


As a kind of promising and potential data assimilation technique to which various countries' meteorologists had attached great importance, the variational data assimilation had so far become the main development direction in meteorological data assimilation. So this paper is limited to illustrate the main idea of the variational adjoint method by constructing the variational adjoint system which here has a nonlinear variable-coefficient convection-diffusion equation at its core, and show how this method can be achieved from the mathematical point of view. As a result, the desired gradient formulas required for the descent of objective function are derived.


Steady‐state levels of c‐Ha‐ras mRNA were measured in eight sublines of the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. As a control, normal dorsal prostate tissue was studied. Increased expression of c‐Ha‐ras is associated with tumor progression in one lineage of the Dunning R3327 system (H to AT1 to MAT‐Lu and MAT‐Ly‐Lu). Here ras mRNA increases as the tumor advances from androgen dependence and a high degree of differentiation to an anaplastic aneuploid phenotype with high metastatic potential. However, in the other Dunning lineage (H to HI to HI‐F to AT3), expression of c‐Ha‐ras is variable and does not correlate with tumor progression. Immunocytochemistry showed that levels of the c‐Ha‐ras p21 protein paralleled steady‐state mRNA levels in all variants. Transfection assays, using NIH/3T3 cells, suggested that the ras loci were not activated in the R3327 tumors. Levels of c‐Ki‐ras mRNA were also measured in the Dunning tumors; these did not correlate with tumor progression in either lineage. Expression of N‐ras mRNA was not detected in the Dunning tumors.


ABSTRACT: This paper presents a memory-optimized metadata-based data structure for implementation of binary chromosome in Genetic Algorithm. In GA different types of genotypes are used depending on the problem domain. Among these, binary genotype is the most popular one for non-enumerated encoding owing to its representational and computational simplicity. This paper proposes a memory-optimized implementation approach of binary genotype. The approach improves the memory utilization as well as capacity of retaining alleles. Mathematical proof has been provided to establish the same.


While cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) can be improved with exercise and training, it is unclear whether older age is associated with an attenuated VO2peak improvement among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who complete a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. A retrospective review of patient demographics and VO2peak data from January 2012 to December 2017 was performed. CAD patients were included if they had successfully completed the supervised 6-month CR program (>75% of exercise prescription) and two VO2peak assessments (respiratory exchange ratio (RER) >1.0). Among all patients, there was an improvement in VO2peak from 21.1 ± 6.3 mL/kg/min to 26.5 ± 7.9 mL/kg/min (+26% ΔVO2peak). Patients in the younger age category (age category 1: 30–39 years old) tended to have a greater percent of relative VO2peak improvement when compared to all other age categories (e.g., adults 50 years of age and older). In the regression analysis, VO2peak improvement was associated with younger age (β = −0.286, p < 0.0001), after adjustment for the baseline VO2peak (β = −0.456, p < 0.0001), final prescribed exercise speed at CR program completion (β = 0.254, p < 0.0001), body mass index (β = −0.172, p < 0.0001), and male sex (β = 0.153, p < 0.0001). Nonetheless, the study findings indicate that older adults who complete CR may be able to obtain clinically relevant improvements in VO2peak of greater than 20%, and therefore, should be referred for CR.


1: Encountering Places, Peoples and Environments: Introducing Human Geography PART I: (RE)PRODUCING THE ECONOMIC 2: Making Markets 3: Exploiting Technologies 4: Fabricating Space PART II: MAPPING THE CULTURAL 5: Culturing Territory 6: Gendering Space 7: Contesting Development PART III: LIVING THE ENVIRONMENT 8: Transforming Landscapes 9: Managing Environments 10: Sustaining Environments PART IV EXPLORING THE URBAN 11: Visioning Cities 12: Consuming Spaces 13: Remaking Places PART V: REFLECTIONS - GEOGRAPHERS AND GEOGRAPHY 14: Jobs and Geographers 15: Encountering Place as Metaphor and Narrative


AbstractProviding advance warning for impending severe convective weather events (i.e., tornadoes, hail, wind) fundamentally requires an ability to predict and/or detect these hazards and subsequently communicate their potential threat in real time. The National Weather Service (NWS) provides advance warning for severe convective weather through the issuance of tornado and severe thunderstorm warnings, a system that has remained relatively unchanged for approximately the past 65 years. Forecasting a Continuum of Environmental Threats (FACETs) proposes a reinvention of this system, transitioning from a deterministic product-centric paradigm to one based on probabilistic hazard information (PHI) for hazardous weather events. Four years of iterative development and rapid prototyping in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) with NWS forecasters and partners has yielded insights into this new paradigm by discovering efficient ways to generate, inform, and ut...


The purpose of this study was to explore how Korean preservice elementary teachers' beliefs about nature of science (NOS) and their beliefs about constructivist teaching were structured and related and if any relation was prevalent in the content-specific contexts. As the same format, three versions of questionnaires were developed in three different science content topics, using episodes about rival theories in the history of science and students' relevant alternative conceptions. The data analysis suggests that the content context can partially affect teachers' beliefs about NOS and their beliefs about constructivist teaching. Additionally, no significant correlation between beliefs about NOS and constructivist teaching was found.


In our continuous effort to explore the lichens in new and interesting areas FEEDS campus and SBG garden located in Manipur, a north-eastern state of India are surveyed. The study resulted in 47 species in FEEDS campus and 80 species in SB garden respectively, while both areas shared 22 species in common. The crustose lichens were more dominant in the area represented by Graphidaceae (16 spp.) and Pyrenulaceae (15 spp.). The species composition in both the sites represented photophilic communities such as graphidaceous, physcioid and parmelioid lichens. FEEDS campus had open areas with cultivated plants where as SBG garden had semi-evergreen forest at its initial stage of succession. The study also added 55 lichen species as new distributional records to Manipur.


In literature, PCL tibial avulsion fixation is agreed by most authors to facilitate early mobilization and rehabilitation [4-6]. Two points of concern emerged, the first is the access which varies between arthroscopic, Burks and Schaffer's approach to standard posterior approach to knee and popliteal fossa [7-8]. The second point is fixation variety which include navicular screws and washers, cannulated screws, suture anchors and posterior plate [910]. We described the use of Burks and Schaffer's approach [11] to double fix the injury directly by modified suture bridge combining cannulated screw and washer fixation followed by indirect fixation using non absorbable suture tied over screw and washer post.