The article reveals the basics of the strategy of modernization of the education system. At the present stage of its reform, they are aimed at increasing the competitiveness of educational institutions in the educational services market, at creating maximum accessibility and openness of education for the population and business. They should be carried out within the framework of innovations, taking into account the main directions of the socio-economic development of the republic, the implementation of priority areas of state policy in the field of education.


This paper describes the vibration characteristics of a dual-bimorph piezoelectric pumping element under fluid–structure coupling. Unlike the single bimorph used in most previous studies, the proposed device comprises two piezoelectric bimorphs within an acrylic housing. Amplitude-fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AF-ESPI) was used to examine the visible displacement fringes in order to elucidate the anti-phase as well as in-phase motions associated with vibration. Analysis was also conducted using impedance analysis and laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) based on the measurement of point-wise displacement. The experimental results of resonant frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes are in good agreement with those obtained using finite element analysis. The gain of flow rate obtained by the anti-phase motion of the dual-bimorph pumping element is larger than both those obtained by in-phase motion and the single bimorph pumping element. This work greatly enhances our understanding of the vibration characteristics of piezoelectric pumping elements with two bimorphs, and provides a valuable reference for the further development of bionic pump designs.


Ad Hoc network is a multi-hop temporary communication network of mobile nodes. Because the lack of infrastructure support in Ad Hoc network, some attacks are more serious than in other type of networks. [1] Therefore security problem in this type of network is a challenging issue. To against the attacks which threat seriously security of Ad Hoc network, a new authentication scheme is proposed. The proposed solution involves three main stages: intermediate nodes pre-authenticating stage, common key ki between n0 and ni negotiating stage and authentication during all routing phases. At the same time, the network simulation of the proposed solution is conducted. The simulation result shows that the proposed solution effectively resists the attacks mentioned above. Meanwhile, the negative affection to the performance of network, such as delay and overheads, is tolerable according to the simulative result. The research in this paper enable us to put forward a reasonable authentication solution during all phases.


Abstract. The trap-neuter-release method, which has been used to control stray cat populations in many countries, is thought to be more efficient than the trap-removal method because neutered cats returning to their home ranges can prevent the influx of other cats, which would otherwise take advantage of the unoccupied areas. To test territory occupying patterns of stray cats, the present study used radio tracking to estimate the home ranges of the cats living in Mt. Dobong, Korea. Total six cats (three males, three females) were radio tracked for 3–6 months. The mean home range size of the cats was relatively small (17.9–37.9 ha), and the home range sizes of males (21.6–37.9 ha) and females (17.9– 20.9 ha) were not significantly different. The home ranges of both male and female cats overlapped substantially, so that home ranges were not used exclusively at least within a sex. Furthermore, the overlap areas were associated with food-rich locations, such as garbage boxes. Therefore the present study failed to support the hypothesis that the cats would use their home ranges exclusively, thereby suggesting that the efficacy of the trap-neuter-return method should be reconsidered.


Mobile devices implement much of their functionality in ASICs, an integrated circuit with a fixed implementation. Once manufactured and implemented in a mobile device the ASIC cannot be reconfigured compared to an FPGA. An FPGA is known for its reconfiguration ability to alter the fabric and implement new hardware modules in it. With the technology advance in FPGAs, partially reconfigurable FPGAs have been developed which can alter a part of their fabric during runtime. With an appropriate management lifecycle and module layer, the OSGi framework, an approach is provided to load hardwaresupported modules into a software environment. This thesis introduces a new OSGi bundle, the FPGA Extender, which allows a partially reconfigurable embedded design to handle hardware-supported OSGi services and benefit of the hardware-acceleration. To evaluate a possible performance increase for Java application, a hardware and software implementation accessed with JNI is compared to a hardware and software implementation accessed in C. The presented approach shows the benefit when managing a partially reconfigurable system with the OSGi framework and that JNI hardware-implemented methods can almost out-perform C software-implemented methods.


Since the Reformation Danish kings and their children have been interred in Roskilde Cathedral, their coffins are maintained by the National Museum of Denmark. In 1981 the coffins of two children of Christian IV and Kirsten Munk, Frederik Christian (died July 1627, aged two) and Marie Catherine (died September 1628, aged three months) needed attention. The work included examining, documenting, and listing their contents. The investigation forms the basis for the research presented in this remarkable book on the cultural and historical significance of the fine textiles found in the coffins. By combining their individual expertise the five authors have provided an understanding of the background to the children's lives, the ceremony of European funerals, and the nature and origin of the textiles themselves, among them figured silk, embroideries, lace, and different types of knitted garments. The catalog provides detailed depictions with measurements and analysis of every object found with the children. Both were reinterred.


Starting from the difficulties in the reception of the Council's teaching on the liturgy and its implementation, this article points to the need to discover the paschal mystery of Christ in the Eucharist. Because of the biblical and patristic-liturgical renewal and the re-emphasis on "mystery" in the twentieth century, the article introduces the concept of mystery in pagan cults and in the Church of the first centuries. The second part of the article, based John Paul II's teaching on the Eucharist, shows the spiritual attitude towards the paschal mystery of Christ in the celebration of the Eucharist and considers the components of this attitude. At the same time, he takes into account signs and symbols and their functions in the interiorization of this mystery.


A 3D numerical simulation model of periodic heat-transfer channel of louver fin which was used in the automobile ribbon-tubular radiator was established in this paper. The evolution of the heat convection feature and the influence to the inlet and outlet pressure losses were analysed when the velocity of the inlet airflow increases. The distribution character change function along the axial line of the air side flow field and temperature field when the velocity of the inlet airflow increases were discussed in detail. It showed that the mechanism of heat transfer strengthening of the louver was that, by improving airflow direction, the sustainable development of the boundary layer was destroyed, thus the angle between the velocity vector and temperature gradient vector was decreased which improved the synergism of flow field and temperature field.


Objective To investigate the relationship between post-stroke pathological laughing and crying and depression.Methods Among 276 stroke patients in hospital,28 patients with pathological laughing and crying were chosen as PLC group,and other 28 patients matched with gender and age but without PLC were choosen as the control group.All patients were investigated with Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),PLC scale and clinical features.Results There was no significantly difference(P0.05)in total and factor scores of HAMD between these two groups.Conclusion The pathological laughing and crying and depression seem to result from different pathogenesis.


Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Extreme variations in cortisol reactivity are associated with multiple psychological and physiological diseases. These variations may be explained by sex, by genetic vulnerabilities, and by exposure to either recent life stressors (severe life events or ongoing difficulties) or early life adversity (e.g., antipathy; neglect; or psychological, physical, or sexual abuse). To explore interactions among these variables, a subset of 20-22 years-old individuals (N = 373) recruited for an ongoing longitudinal cohort-sequential study of substance abuse risk factors were assessed. These individuals were interviewed about early childhood abuse and recent stressful life experiences. They were also genotyped for multiple polymorphisms within genes associated with attenuated or exaggerated cortisol reactivity (5-HTTLPR and rs25532 in SERT, rs4680 in COMT, rs5522 in MR gene NR3C2, rs110402 and rs1876831 in CRHR1, rs1799971 in OPRM1, and rs1800497 in ANKK1), participated in a laboratory social stress task, and provided salivary cortisol samples throughout the task. Results indicate that cortisol reactivity may be shaped by both early and recent life experiences and genetic vulnerabilities; most interactions between these variables differed depending on an individual's sex. Specifically, carriers of two copies of minor alleles of ANKK1, COMT, and CRHR1 v displayed dysregulated cortisol that varied according to sex and early life experiences. Male minor allele carriers who experienced more severe physical abuse displayed attenuated reactivity, and males who were not severely abused displayed exaggerated responses. Female minor allele carriers displayed the opposite pattern – abused females displayed exaggerated reactivity. Carriers of major alleles did not show these patterns. Attenuated cortisol reactivity was also observed in all individuals who experienced sexual abuse or neglect, and elevated responses were observed in individuals carrying two copies of minor alleles in both SERT polymorphisms and OPRM1. Together, results inform a developmental model of cortisol dysregulation. Cortisol reactivity may present a useful endophenotype for future studies of physiological and psychological disease processes and treatment outcomes. (2010). The impact of childhood trauma on treatment outcome in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS). (2010). Training and dissemination of cognitive behavior therapy for depression in adults: A preliminary examination of therapist competence and client outcomes. of their hard work on the ABACUS project, and for allowing me to use their rich dataset. ix To those I have lost since this project began 12 years ago, in a dream:


Traditional treatment selection of cancers mainly relies on clinical observations and doctor's judgment, but most outcomes can hardly be predicted. Through Genomics Topology, we use 272 breast cancer patients' clinical and gene information as an example to propose a treatment optimization and top gene identification system. This study faces certain challenges such as collinearity and the Curse of Dimensionality within data, so by the idea of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is implemented to resolve this issue. Several genes, for example, SLC40A1 and ACADSB, are found to be both statistically significant and biological-studies supported; the model developed can precisely predict breast cancer mortality, recurrence time, and survival time, with an average MSE of 3.697, accuracy rate of 88.97%, and F1 score of 0.911. The result and methodology used in this study provide a channel for people to further look into the more precise prediction of other cancer outcomes through machine learning and assist in the discovery of targetable pathways for next-generation cancer treatment methods.


The article first analyses the controversies over the name and the definition of the crime of false imprisonment. It holds that the name of the crime should be "the crime of unlawful deprivation of another person′s freedom". Then, it makes a concrete study on the constitutive elements of crime. The subject of the crime should be personal liberty limited by law, and citizen of incapacity or of partial incapacity can be the target of the crime. Unlawful deprivation of another person's freedom is the objective aspect of the crime. Finally, the article explores several difficult problems of the crime in judicial determination.


The steady state rheological behavior of recycled Al-Si alloy semi-solid slurry has been studied by means of a Couette-type viscometer.The results show that the apparent viscosity of semi-solid Al-Si alloy increases with the increase of solid fraction,but decreases with the increase of steady-state shearing rate.An empirical equation showing the effect of solid fraction and shearing rate on the apparent viscosity at steady state was obtained.


Refugees who are settled around Bugoma Central Forest Reserve in Kyangwali Sub-County, Kikuube District have influenced the conservation and protection of the forest ecosystem. Adopting a cross-section research design, 265 respondents from Kyangwali Sub-County, Kikuube District were involved in the study using a questionnaire survey. Findings revealed an increase in charcoal burning by 26.4% and an increase in the cultivation of crops in Bugoma Central Forest Reserve by 19.6%. These activities are responsible for increasing vegetation cover within Bugoma CFR. There is increasing stone quarrying at 38.5% and agricultural intensification in some catchment areas (41.8%) within the Bugoma Central Forest Reserve. There is increasing forest degradation in Bugoma Central Forest Reserve by refugees. The Government of Uganda should enforce strict rules when resettling refugees to ensure that they don't encroach on the forest reserves near their settlement.


Real time control applications in industrial control systems have long been trusted to run on specially designed dedicated embedded hardware like PLCs, controllers etc. The essential non real-time functionalities of the automation systems like engineering and HMI are separately executed on independent hardware. Over the last decade, advancements in RTOS, technologies such as virtualization and availability of more powerful COTS hardware have enabled the recent trends, where industrial PCs are being proposed to replace the hardware controller units. This paper describes the evaluation of our prototype control system on a general purpose hardware based on Linux rt-preempt. In our setup, the control logic is executed by a runtime control engine alongside the standard engineering framework, standard HMI, data acquisition, EtherCAT based IO and also general PC utility applications on a uni-processor system without impacting the deterministic performance. The paper discusses in detail, our performance evaluation results and the methodologies used in terms of, the test setup, boundary conditions, and the parameters measured under typical load conditions as in real industrial applications.


Cascaded classifiers are widely spread in automotive pedestrian detection systems. Since there has been no research on probabilistic information derivable on the basis of a cascade, these systems are limited in the sense that they only exploit the binary classification results. In contrast to that, this paper presents a mathematically founded model regarding the computation of posterior probabilities on the basis of such classifiers. This is highly relevant in respect of the further development of robust and reliable detection systems.


On the torus $\mathbb{T}^{m}$ of dimension $m\geq 2$ we prove the existence of a real-analytic weak mixing diffeomorphism preserving a measurable Riemannian metric. The proof is based on a real-analytic version of the approximation by conjugation method with explicitly defined conjugation maps and partition elements.


We study cost pass-through in the U.S. automobile market using a framework that incorporates the effects of cost changes on input decisions. We find that accounting for firms' factor-market decisions significantly increases measured cost pass-through, although we reject the hypothesis of full cost pass-through and constant markups. In addition, our evidence suggests that cost shocks common to all manufacturers have a greater effect on prices than do model-specific cost shocks. Finally, we examine how pass-through varies with manufacturer nationality, finding that U.S. firm cost pass-through exceeds that of European and Asian firms.


In a previous report' the main clinical features of a myeloneuropathy with abdominal disorders in Japan were studied. This disease has been generally referred to as SMON, or subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy. From an analysis of the numerous cases it was pointed out that this disease had many distinctive clinical features and may be a myelopathy or a peripheral neuropathy or both, t h e combination varying according to the cases.' Autopsies of over 100 cases have been done in Japan and the neuropathologic changes as well as the general pathology have been d i s c ~ s s e d . ~ ~ The main neuropathologic features are summarized in this paper, which is based on seven autopsied cases examined by the authors at the Nagoya University Hospital.


The network developed with each passing day,it needs transmit not only groovy best-effort service,but also the real time multimedia operation with the Quality of Service requests.The research of the Qos restricted multicast routing algorithms have been developed,and it become the significance content and the hotspot in the research domain of the network.The technology of measuring algorithm based on network simulation software and the simulation mechanism also expanded to the study stress.This paper explore the Qos multicast routing algorithm and its measuring target,and the related network simulating technology.At last,the author introduced two kinds of simulating software in common use.


deposited in a single vacuum process. The junction, near 1μ 2 in size, is defined by etching the top three layers (Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb) using ICP-RIE system. The receiver noise of mixers are measured in the 4K wet dewar. Wide bandwidth is demonstrated in VSJ mixers, which is consistent with the Fourier Transformation Spectroscopy, FTS, results. The numerical simulations demonstrate a similar behavior as experimental result, but shift to lower frequency. This discrepancy might result from some difference between the model and real device (mixer mount in particular).


We discuss the difficulty to learn control skills in high-dimensional domains that can not be exhaustively explored. We show how infant-development can serve as a role-model for highly efficient exploration: infants neither explore exhaustively, nor do they learn very versatile skills right in the beginning. Rather, they attempt goal-directed exploration to achieve feedforward control as a first step without requiring full knowledge of the world. This article reviews recent efforts to mimick such pathways by means of "goal babbling", which have led to a series of algorithms that allow for a likewise efficient learning. We show that it permits to learn inverse models from examples even in the presence of non-convex solution sets by utilizing a reward-weighted regression scheme, and that a human-competitive learning speed can be achieved if online learning is applied "in the loop". Results are verified on the "Bionic Handling Assistant", a novel bionic robot that instantiates a wide spread of problems like high dimensions, non-stationary behavior, highly constrained actuators, sensory noise, and very slow response-behavior. 1 Learning Internal Models for Motor Control New generations of bionic robots combine mechanical flexibility, elastic material, and lightweight actuation like pneumatics. Such robots are often inspired by biological actuators like octopus arms [1], elephant trunks [2] (see figure 1a), or human biomechanics [3], and provide enormous potential for the physical interaction between the robot and the world, and in particular between robots and humans. The downside of their biologically inspired design is that analytic models for their control are hardly available and difficult to design. This qualifies learning as an essential tool for their successful application. Yet, these robots not only challenge analytic control, but also motor learning. They typically comprise many degrees of freedom that can not be exhaustively explored, delayed feedback due to slow pneumatic actuation, and often non-stationary system behavior. We therefore argue for a new paradigm of motor learning that leaves exhaustive exploration, which cannot be achieved for problems of such scale, behind. Rather, we focus on the achievable by drawing inspiration from infant development in order to achieve reasonable feedforward-controlled coordination skills that can be learned very efficiently when mimicking infants' exploratory behavior. As a general framework for motor learning, we can consider an agent that can execute motor commands or actions q∈Q, where Q is the action space. Each action causes an outcome (e.g. an effector position) x ∈X in some observation space. The unique causal relation between both variables is formally defined by some forward function f : f : Q→ X, f(q) = x (1) The control-, or coordination problem is then to invert this relation in any possible way: achieving some desired outcome, or goal x∗ ∈ X∗ out of a set X∗ ⊆ X requires to estimate an appropriate action q̂ that results in the observation of x∗ (f(q̂) = x∗).


The particular opto-electronic properties of chemically synthesized colloidal nanoparticles can be promising for functional materials, as those required for high efficient photovoltaic (PV) devices. In particular, appropriately-designed semiconductor colloids (quantum dots, QDs) can potentially allow sub-bandgap current generation in intermediate-band solar cells; while metal nanoparticles (MNPs) sustaining surface plasmons can provide both near and far-field light trapping to further boost the generated power. However, the incorporation of colloidal particles in inorganic PV materials is not trivial, therefore their implementation has so far been restricted to organic/polymeric based solar cells. In this work, PbS colloidal QDs have been incorporated in the intrinsic a-Si:H layer of HIT (substrate/a-Si:H hetero-junction) test structures. Both c-Si and GaAs substrates have been used, and in some cases colloidal Au NPs have also been included. The obtained devices are meant as probes to verify the feasibility of incorporating foreign nanoparticles in a cell structure and not as potentially efficient solar cells. Despite the radical novelties incorporated, the devices behaved similarly to the references, thus proving the compatibility of the proposed materials and processes.


One of the key causes contributing to water delivery businesses' poor performance is non-revenue water (NRW). Even regional water supply businesses in Indonesia are not ideal, as indicated by the NRW of the Local Drinking Water Company (PDAM), one of the Drinking Water Supply system providers, whose average NRW remains below the national target. NRW can also stem from commercial and physical losses. Commercial losses include incorrect customer water meters, meter reading errors, water meter data input issues caused by human operations, and damaged water meters. Water meter replacement is one approach that can be used, although it can be costly. This study used an LC sensor experiment to automate existing water meters without replacing them.


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Covering Ring Networks Duality Relation to Linear Graphs and Electrical Network Theory Solution of Campbell's Problem References


In the field of virtual reality (VR) research, media technologies to create a realistic feeling of being present in a real/virtual world by duplicating multi-sensory information have been studied over a long period. Recently, technologies for multi-sensory feedbacks achieved a major breakthrough by utilizing cross-modal interactions. By changing sensory stimuli through only one modality using these technologies, the impression from our experience can be modified significantly. These novel technologies have a great potential in changing our food consumption experience and behavior. For example, "MetaCookie" is a flavor augmentation system that enables us to change the perceived taste of a cookie by overlaying visual and olfactory information onto a real cookie. "Augmented Satiety" is a system that enables us to control the perception of satiety and food intake implicitly by changing the apparent volume of food with augmented reality and computer vision techniques. This paper introduces such novel techniques that augment our eating experience by using multimodal VR techniques and discusses the future of Human Food Interaction.


This chapter develops a conceptual framework which first classifies the main categories of determinants relevant to agri-environmental co-ordination and then tries to shed light on those combinations and groupings of transactions and actors for which co-operative arrangements will be more efficient and therefore more competitive than other ones. This concept is predominantly based on New Institutional Economics and Institutional Approaches to Sustainable Agriculture on the one hand, and studies of environmental co-operation and participation of farmers on the other. The main categories of determinants are properties of transactions in agriculture having environmental impacts, features of the actors involved in such transactions, and the resulting agri-environmental co-ordination mechanisms. The latter are again divided according to two levels of operation: Property rights to nature components and ecological attributes linked to agricultural production, and governance structures to cope with the tasks of agri-environmental transactions on a regional and local level. Finally, situations and conditions regarding transactions and actors are pointed out, for which co-operative arrangements would be preferable


Papers[1, 2] deal with the problem of the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of two different stochastic differential equations with respect to semimartingales. The equation discussed in this paper unifies the equations in papers[1, 2]. This paper gives us the sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of its solutions, so that the results in papers[1, 2] can be obtained by theorem l and theorem l' of this paper respectively.


We present a robot capable of both (1) dynamically perching onto smooth, flat surfaces from a ballistic trajectory and (2) successfully transitioning to a climbing gait. Merging these two modes of movement is achieved via a mechanism utilizing an opposed grip with directional adhesives. Critical design considerations include (a) climbing mechanism weight constraints, (b) suitable body geometry for climbing and (c) effects of impact dynamics. The robot uses a symmetric linkage and cam mechanism to load and detach the feet while climbing. The lengths of key parameters, including the distances between each the feet and the tail, are chosen based on the ratio of required preload force and detachment force for the adhesive mechanism.


With our door to the out world wider open, more and more foreign business men, tourists, schorlors, students and the like have been streaming in China, The translator--interpretor service is increasingly needed. The English (or other foreign language) study will certainly be


We use an optimization procedure based on simulated bifurcation (SB) to solve the integer portfolio and trading trajectory problem with an unprecedented computational speed. The underlying algorithm is based on a classical description of quantum adiabatic evolutions of a network of non-linearly interacting oscillators. This formulation has already proven to beat state of the art computation times for other NP-hard problems and is expected to show similar performance for certain portfolio optimization problems. Inspired by such we apply the SB approach to the portfolio integer optimization problem with quantity constraints and trading activities. We show first numerical results for portfolios of up to 1000 assets, which already confirm the power of the SB algorithm for its novel use-case as a portfolio and trading trajectory optimizer.


The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program provides nutrition assistance to lowincome individuals and families across the United States. Since 2002, legal noncitizens have also been fully eligible for benefits. Dietary studies suggest that SNAP participants consume less nutritious diets than non-participants, and that native-born individuals and immigrants who have been in the U.S. for many years consume less healthy diets than more recent immigrants. Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2007-2008 and 20092010, my research helps to identify how SNAP participation and immigrant status are associated with the nutritional attitudes and behaviors that determine diet quality. The results of multiple ordered probit regression models suggest that SNAP participation has little effect on these behaviors, but that immigrant status is significantly associated with positive nutrition behaviors. Though not conclusive, the results also suggest that the magnitude of this positive association decreases as immigrants remain in the U.S. for longer periods. Policymakers may need to consider increasing nutrition-related educational messaging, or perhaps more direct interventions, such as limiting the foods individuals can purchase with their SNAP benefits. Similarly, identifying discrete factors that account for the difference in nutrition attitudes and behaviors between immigrants and nonimmigrants could be used to inform programs or educational campaigns that are aimed at changing the U.S. culture as it relates to nutrition. Combining these two key independent variables suggests a dual role for the SNAP program – it should be leveraged as a pre-established mechanism for implementing policies that encourage low-income immigrants to maintain their traditional nutrition behaviors, while at the same time encouraging behavioral changes among the nonimmigrant population.


PURPOSE: To provide the titled adhesive composition having an improved adhesiveness to a coarse surface, by a method wherein a water-soluble or water-dispersible, low-molecular acrylic polymer (salt) is added to an acrylic polymer emulsion and heated. CONSTITUTION: (a) An acrylic polymer emulsion provided by emulsion poly- merisation of an acrylic monomer such as (meth)acrylic acid and maleic acid in aqueous medium is mixed with (b) a water-soluble or water-dispersible low- molecular acrylic polymer having mean MW of 10,000 to 100,000 or its salt in amount of 10 to 250pts.wt. per 100pts.wt. of the solid content of the emulsion. The mixture is heated at about 40 to 100°C to provide the object adfesive composition. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio


Lactic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap, reduced rate of arterial blood pH under 7.35 mmol/l, and lactic acid concentration over 7 mmol/l. In the literature we can find some descriptions of the cases of lactic acidosis in patients with severe systemic diseases (cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, sepsis, diabetes with cardiovascular disease and after organ transplantations). We present the case of lactic acidosis in a patient with no chronic disease — a firefighter in whom lactic acidosis has developed during standard exercises in the smoke chamber.


Applications of the study of wetting systems via sessile drops include: investigations of facespecific surface chemistry of crystallographic compacts in the pharmaceutical industry [1]; the calibration of optical surface topography measurement instruments [2]; the evaluation of adhesion strength in epoxy systems [3]; and heat transfer systems [4]. While the impacts of changes to the wetting system on sessile drop shape are typically studied, it is often taken for granted that the sessile drop deposition process has little impact on the measurement of the sessile drop.


Magnetite (Fe304)/polyaniline core–shell composites were synthesized using a reactive surfactant to improve magnetite dispersion and as the monomer of conducting polyaniline. Reduction of magnetic particle aggregation and core-shell morphology were evidenced by electron microscopy. Additionally, the decrement in magnetization (r) and (hysteresis) Hc observed in the core–shell composite was be attributed to the increment in dipolar magnetic interaction due to the increased separation among the Fe3O4 nanoparticles because of the PAni shell formation.


In this paper, a sufficient condition for robust exponential stability with respect to small delays is obtained. As applications, an example is discussed.


An efficient methodology for the synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of podocarpic acid via "click" chemistry cycloaddition reactions of methyl-O-propargylpodocarpate and propargyl-O-propargylpodocarpate with azides is developed.


The discussion in line with students' beliefs about language learning is still popular nowadays since it is believed that the student's beliefs may influence the language learning process, such as motivation, learning style, and strategies, etc. which later ultimately affected the success of language learning. This study was conducted to investigate how students of the English program at IAIN Madura (State Islamic Institute of Madura), Indonesia, express their beliefs about English language learning. This study was implemented in terms of survey study in which the data was primarily gathered by administering the questionnaire entitled Beliefs About Language learning Inventory (BALLI) of Horwitz's (1987). The questionnaires were administered to students of English teaching and learning program through Google form. About 144 undergraduate students in the first year have participated in this study.  The finding revealed the students' beliefs in terms of percentage of agreements in all area of BALLI, namely language aptitude, the strategy of learning and communication, the nature of learning language, motivation and expectation in learning, and the difficulty faced by students


Preeclampsia is still a major cause of maternal death in pregnancy which needs efforts to prevent and early detection. Nitric oxide and Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone has an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia to determine differences in concentrations of NO and CRH in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia, as well as to study the correlation both on the incidence of preeclampsia. This is a cross sectional study. Blood samples obtained from patients with preeclampsia (30 samples) and normal pregnancies as controls (30 samples) in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. NO concentration was examined with essay protocol, and CRH concentrations with ELISA method. Then be calculated by statistical analysis: chi square, t test, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman Rank correlation coefficient. Based on statistical analysis, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) from the characteristics of maternal age, pregnancy weeks, and parity in both study groups, so the two groups of homogeneous and comparable. The mean concentration of NO in preeclampsia was lower (3.780 μM) compared with normal pregnancy (13.360 μM). There was significant correlation between NO and CRH concentrations in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia (p < 0.001). The involvement of NO/c-GMP pathway is very possible in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.


Spectral unmixing is an important technique for hyperspectral data exploitation. In order to solve the unmixing problem using a collection of previously available spectral signatures (i.e., a spectral library), sparse unmixing aims at finding the optimal subset of endmembers to represent the pixels in a hyperspectral image. The classic collaborative unmixing globally assumes that all pixels in a hyperspectral scene share the same active set of endmembers. This assumption rarely holds in practice, as endmembers tend to appear localized in spatially homogeneous areas rather than spread over the whole image. To address this limitation, in this letter, we introduce a new strategy to preserve local collaborativity for sparse hyperspectral unmixing. The proposed approach, which is called local collaborative sparse unmixing, considers the fact that endmember signatures generally appear distributed in local spatial regions instead of uniformly distributed throughout the scene. The proposed approach, which includes spatial information in the standard collaborative formulation, has been experimentally validated using both simulated and real hyperspectral data sets.


Although the Quraish Shihab in its interpretation practice does not mention the term hermeneutic, but if it is observed in the interpretation practice, the Quraish Shihab has practiced how the hermeneutic work steps itself. The hermeneutic nuance that is very prominent in its interpretation is first, exposure to the macro context, in this context is the presentation of the history of women before the descent of the Koran, secondly, the exposure related to correlation (munasabah) verse one with the other and the third exposure related to the opinions of salafus shalih (the predecessors) who indeed have the capacity in the realm of study of interpretation, fourth, the contextualization and re-actualization efforts of the verse with the present context. Using this hermeneutic aspect, in the end the Quraish Shihab asserted that the Qur'an as a guide has placed and placed women in their proper place, sex differences do not become differences in position or glory. There is no term for women to be dominated by men, both men and women remain and before God. The difference between the two is the quality of piety.


Changes in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression could be involved in the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxing dysfunction associated with cardiovascular diseases. We have recently demonstrated the existence of endothelial cytosolic proteins that bind to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of eNOS mRNA and could be involved in eNOS mRNA stabilization. In the present work, we have characterized the cytosolic proteins that bind to 3′-UTR eNOS mRNA. An endothelial cytosolic protein (MW 60-kD) specifically bound to 3′-UTR eNOS mRNA as determined by a cross-linking assay followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The endothelial cytosolic protein recognized a cytidine (C)-rich region within 3′-UTR eNOS mRNA. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased the level of the 60-kD endothelial cytosolic protein. In addition, TNF-α reduced eNOS mRNA levels and this was prevented by coincubation with cycloheximide. Cycloheximide also prevented the binding activity of the endothelial cytosolic protein to 3′-UTR eNOS mRNA. In summary, these data suggest that a 60-kD endothelial cytosolic protein binds to 3′-UTR eNOS mRNA. TNF-α increased the 60-kD protein levels. Cycloheximide prevented the binding activity of the cytosolic protein to 3′-UTR eNOS mRNA related to TNF-α; this effect was associated with greater eNOS mRNA levels. Further specific studies are needed to determine the involvement of this 60-kD endothelial cytosolic protein in the regulation of eNOS mRNA stabilization and in the endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular diseases.


In order to explore the sustainable development of resource-based cities, this paper takes Heilongjiang Province as an example, based on the concept of sustainable development as the guiding ideology, and the use of complex systems theory to analyze the characteristics of resource based city industrial economic development. On the basis of the analysis of the relationship between the four subsystems and the mechanism, the system dynamics software is used to establish the model and simulated. Then, based on the perspective of industrial structure, through setting four policy variables, the value of a product to investment ratio, the ratio of industrial investment, investment in science and technology, environmental protection, and thus set up five policies to simulate the future development of Heilongjiang Province until to 2020. The results of the policy simulation show that the appropriate increase of industrial investment, focusing on technology and strengthen environmental protection investment is conducive to the sustainable development of industry. Therefore, the resource based cities should be reasonable arrangements for the optimization of industrial structure and speed, and vigorously develop science and technology and agriculture, high-tech industry, and take into account the long-term development of ecology.


in this issueof the American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology , Shi et al. ([7][1]) have shown that activation of p60c-Src mediates the diperoxovanadate (DPV)-induced increase in endothelial permeability of bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. DPV, which is


Nanostructured graphitic‐layer‐materials with precise control of the layer‐nanostructure, are known to surpass many benchmarks in electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. The development of such controlled synthesis is, however, stalled by the difficulty in tracking the exact growth mechanism and dynamics of the layer‐structure. Herein, the growth mechanism of onion‐like graphitic‐layer‐structures with an atomic precision is revealed by pyrolysis in an aberration‐corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM). Specifically, the time‐evolution of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), bearing better contact between carbon atoms and metamorphosizing a graphitization‐catalyst, at 850°C in an ETEM are tracked to an intriguing Co‐Co3C nanocore enveloped by several graphitic layers. The growth dynamics of this onion‐like graphitic shell comprises, rather unexpectedly, out‐diffusion of carbon atoms from the core to fuel the growth of new outermost shell‐layers, plus lateral/inwards and intrashell/intershell diffusion of carbon atoms to amend shell‐defects. Thus, unusual dynamics of seemingly contracting shell‐expansion and shell‐consolidation is revealed, with the surprising phenomenon of a decrease in the number of atomic shell‐layers in exchange for layer‐perfectness towards the end of the controlled synthesis. These results indicate pyrolysis of an organometallic compound in an ETEM is a paradigm for understanding and developing controlled synthesis of novel high‐quality graphitic‐layer‐materials.


A carriage structure for a vehicle test may include a power train substitution part provided in a front wheel carriage frame and including weight plates mounted at a connection part at which an upper member and a center beam are connected to each other, door substitution parts provided at both sides of the front wheel carriage frame, connected to the power train substitution part, and including an upper beam and an lower beam formed in the horizontal direction while having a predetermined interval therebetween and coupled to a rear stand formed in the vertical direction; and a rear wheel carriage substitution part provided at the rear of the front wheel carriage frame, connected to the door substitution parts, and including a floor member forming a lower portion thereof, a truss part connecting the floor member and the front wheel carriage frame to each other, and a weight member.


KU, YU-CHENG. Essays on Multivariate Stochastic Volatility Models Using Wishart Processes: A General Discussion and Dimension Reduction by Latent Factor Structures. (Under the direction of Peter Bloomfield.) This dissertation consists of three essays. The first (Chapter 1) gives a general discussion of modeling dynamic correlations in multivariate stochastic volatility (MSV) models using Wishart processes. We explore the nonlinear relationship between the intertemporal sensitivity parameter and the covariance/correlation structure of the series of interest. Moreover, we prove concavity of the univariate log posteriors of the persistence parameter and of the degrees of freedom. Consequently, instead of using a grid sampler or the adaptive rejection Metropolis sampling, we can directly apply adaptive rejection sampling (ARS) to draw samples from these complicated densities, which is more efficient provided that log-concavity is assured. Moreover, we suggest using the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury (SMW) formula in the update of the correlation matrices. Our empirical study shows that ARS together with SMW formula can considerably improve MCMC efficiency. Other issues about the assessment of hyperparameters and model parameterizations for this type of models are also discussed. Since the Wishart process plays the key role in this dissertation, it is essential to correctly generate random Wishart matrices for model estimation. Unfortunately, however, most (if not all) statistical software packages do not treat the generation of random Wishart matrices in a correct manner. For this reason, in the second essay (Chapter 2), based on Gyndikin's theorem and Bartlett's decomposition, the OX package "WishPack" is developed for generating random Wishart/inverse-Wishart matrices. To make the package more complete, the density functions for the Wishart and inverse Wishart distributions are also provided. The most important feature of this package is that it takes into account the singular Wishart matrices and distributions, since they have been well defined and are useful in practical problems. In the final essay (Chapter 3), to provide a parsimonious model for high-dimensional data, a dynamic correlation factor MSV (DCFMSV) model is proposed in which the evolution of the factor correlations is characterized by Wishart processes. The most advantageous feature of this model compared to existing models is that it retains the latent factor structure and therefore has more model flexibility. The estimation procedure is developed using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. The real data example shows that the DCFMSV model is informative, useful, and close to the real world. c © Copyright 2010 by Yu-Cheng Ku All Rights Reserved Essays on Multivariate Stochastic Volatility Models Using Wishart Processes: A General Discussion and Dimension Reduction by Latent Factor Structures by Yu-Cheng Ku A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Statistics Raleigh, North Carolina 2010 APPROVED BY: Ronald Gallant Sujit Ghosh Min Kang Brian Reich Peter Bloomfield Chair of Advisory Committee Biography Ku, Yu-Cheng was born in Taichung, Taiwan. In 2006, he came to North Carolina State University to pursue his doctorate degree in Statistics. During the doctoral program, he interned in Fannie Mae at Washington D.C. as a risk analyst in the Department of Credit Risk Oversight in 2008. He did his second internship as a data analyst in the Headquarter of Customer and Business Insights of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) at Durham, NC in 2010. Those valuable experiences taught him how statistical methods can help solve real business problems. In his academic community, he has presented in international conferences for multiple times and was invited to referee papers for several journals, including Journal of Econometrics. Outside of school he loves to travel. For the past four years he has traveled seven countries across Asia, Europe, and North America. Also, he traveled more than thirty states including Hawaii and ten National Parks of the U.S. He will finish his Ph.D. with a Math minor in 2010. After which, he will serve as a postdoctoral fellow to continue his research career at the Australian School of Business, Sydney, Australia.


To complement similar work carried out on the western subspecies of the Australian salmon (Arripis trutta esper), the known data on the reproductive cycle of the eastern subspecies (A. t. marginata) are summarized. The data (collected between 1961 and 1963) consisted of ovary and testis welghts, fish lengths, oocyte diameters from preserved ovaries, and information from histological material. The gonad weight data were analysed to show increases in ovary and testls weights, which were indicative of sexual activity. Supporting information was extracted from changes in maximum oocyte diameters, and from examination of histological sections. The onset of sexual maturity for juvenile fish in Tasmanian waters occurred at a length of approximately 39 cm (equivalent to the end of the fourth year of life). The corresponding length for the western subspecies is 54 cm (at approximately the same age), and 52-54 cm for New Zealand fish. There was no evidence of spawning activity in Tasmanian waters. Cycles of sexual activity were observed in fish from the Lakes Entrance area of Victoria and the Eden and Bermagul areas of southern New South Wales. Spawning activity was deduced to occur between December and January in the Lakes Entrance area, between January and February in the Eden area, and between November and February in the Bermagui area. Sexual maturation may commence in males at a slightly younger age than in females.


The integral RNA (hTER) of the human telomerase ribonucleoprotein has a conserved secondary structure that contains a potential pseudoknot. Here we examine the role of an intermolecular hTER-hTER interaction in the previously reported functional dimerization of telomerase. We provide evidence that the two conserved, complementary sequences of one stem of the hTER pseudoknot domain can pair intermolecularly in vitro, and that formation of this stem as part of a novel "trans-pseudoknot" is required for telomerase to be active in its dimeric form. Such RNA-RNA interaction mirrors a known property of retroviral reverse transcriptases, which use homodimeric viral genomic RNA substrates.


Abstract The Mixture of cholesteryl benzoate (CB) and p-Ethoxy benzolidene-butylaniline (EBBA) exhibit, cholesteric and smectic phases. The sample of 20% concentration of CB shows I-SA-SC*-SE-SB phases while cooling from isotropic phase. Optical anisotropy of cholesteric phase has been estimated using refractive index data. X-ray, thermal and optical studies have been carried out for smecticA, chiral smectic and smecticE phases. In the case of Sc* phase the "[dacute] spacing increases with increase of temperature. Pitch of the cholesteric phase and tilt angle of the Sc* phase have been estimated. Interesting optical textures of various concentrations have been illustrated in this investigation.


Many questions remain in turbulence research---and related fields---about the underlying physical processes that transfer scalar quantities, such as the kinetic energy, between different length scales. Measurement of an ensemble-averaged flux between scales has long been possible using a variety of techniques, but instantaneous, spatially-local realizations of the transfer have not. The ability to visualize scale-to-scale transfer as a field quantity is crucial for developing a clear picture of the physics underlying the transfer processes and the role played by flow structure. A general technique for obtaining these scale-to-scale transfer fields, called the filter approach, is described. The effects of different filters, finite system size, and limited resolution are explored for experimental and numerical data of two-dimensional turbulence.


SECTION 2r of the National Health Service Act imposes on local health authorities the duties to provide, equip and maintain, to the satisfaction of the Minister, health centres with accommodation for any or all of the following purposes : general medical, generai dental and pharmaceutical services, local health authority services, specialist services and health education. Whilst the local health authority provides the building and the ancillary staff, it is the executive council which provides the general practitioners and the dentists (priority dental services excepted). Some thirty years of discussion thus received legislative 'sanction, and plans began to be formulated. But Circular 3/48 called attention to the many other claims on labour and materials and put a &dquo; go-slow &dquo; (many would say &dquo; stop &dquo;) sign on health centre projects. London, however, was fortunate, and the Woodberry Down centre, which Mr. Durnford will describe and which represents many months of thought and discussion by many people, is now under active construction. It should be working early in 1951 and thus help to throw much light on the complex problems of group practice. Few subjects have been more thoroughly discussed and in few is practical experience more wanting. Nowhere yet has it been possible to follow John Hunter's '


Arsenic contaminated water is a serious threat to human health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use a new method of stabilization of ZnO/TiO2 on activated carbon (I ZnO/TiO2) for the effective removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions. In this experimental study, a container with a useful volume of 3.14 L (height of 40 cm and diameter of 10 cm) was used. For this purpose, four main factors including pH (3–11), nanosorbent dose (1–3 g/L), initial arsenic concentration (1–10 mg/L), and reaction time (30–300 min) as effective factors in the arsenic removal efficiency. The results showed that arsenic adsorption increased with increasing contact time, adsorbent dose, and decreasing pH and arsenic concentration. A quadratic model was selected to estimate the removal of arsenic by the adsorption process with the modified adsorbent under study. The linear regression coefficient (R2) between experiments and different response values in the model for arsenic was >0.99. The optimal value for the studied variables was obtained for pH of 6.75, arsenic concentration of 9.76 mg/L, reaction time of 287.62 min, and nanosorbent dosage of 2.45 g/L. The maximum arsenic adsorption capacity under optimal conditions was predicted to be 4.53 mg/g. The results showed that the studied adsorbent for arsenic removal follows the Langmuir isotherm and quadratic kinetics (R2 > 0.99). The results of this study showed that the adsorption process using nano-photocatalytic adsorbents of TiO2 and ZnO has relatively high efficiency in arsenic adsorption and can be used as a suitable complementary treatment method for water and wastewater containing carcinogenic heavy metals such as arsenic.


There are sections on epilepsy, the relation of ear to psychoses, reflex neuroses, miners' nystagmus, sea sickness, spasmus nutans, disturbances in flying, etc. The book is a veritable mine of detailed information, including much recent and original work. It should be specially useful in connection with those clinical cases of disturbances of auditory or vestibular function where the symptoms are mostly subjective. It is unique in that it is devoted to those branches of otology which as a rule receive scant reference in the usual text-book. It brings before the otologist much digested information which is not available to the average specialist, who has not a large reference library at hand. J. K. M. DICKIE.


We show that the gravitational radiation emitted in a head-on collision between a finite-size star and a black hole can be substantially less than might be expected on the basis of results for point mass-black hole collisions.


Summary The generation of reactive oxygen species has been implicated in ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐induced skin damage. In mice, increasing dietary selenium intake protects skin from UVR‐induced DNA damage and photocarcinogenesis. We sought to determine whether selenium supplementation could protect keratinocytes from apoptosis resulting from exposure to broadband (TL20W/12) UVR. Unirradiated cultures contained 6.5 ± 1% apoptotic cells; the maximum percentage of apoptotic cells (34 ± 5%) was seen 16 h after UVR of 600 J/m2. Under these conditions cell death from necrosis was 15 ± 2.5% of the total cells. A 24‐h preincubation with sodium selenite (10 nm−1 µm) or selenomethionine (50 nm−1 µm) protected cultured human keratinocytes from UVR‐induced apoptosis. In primary keratinocytes the greatest reduction in apoptosis was found with 100 nm of either selenium compound (71% reduction in the numbers of total apoptotic cells; P < 0.01). Supplementation with 100–200 nm selenite or selenomethionine prevented UVR‐induced apoptosis, but did not decrease the levels of UVR‐induced p53, as measured by Western blotting. Collectively, this data suggests that selenium prevents UVR‐induced cell death by inhibiting p53‐independent cell death pathways.


Objective:To study the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of Rifapentin capsules in healthy volunteers.Methods:A single oral dose(0.6g tested and reference formulation)was given to 20 healthy volunteers according to an open randomized crossover design.Rifapentin concentration of plasma was determined by HPLC-UV.The pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated and the bioavailability and bioequivalence of two formulation were evaluated by DAS2.0 program.Results:The main pharmacokinetic parameters of Rifapentin were as follows:tmax were (4.700±2.364)and(4.700±1.750)h,t1/2were (16.215±2.356)and(16.825±4.595)h,Cmax were(11.774±5.134)and(10.771±4.868)mg·h·L-1;AUC0-twere(346.539±160.580)and(322.286±147.345)mg·h·L-1;AUC0-∞were(363.137±167.807)and(339.309±154.212)mg·h·L-1.The relative bioavailability of drug was(110.5±25.6)%.Conclusion:The two Rifapentin formulations are bioequivalent.


An organism has the capabilities of keeping itself being, normal growth and development and reproduction, and the adaptability to the environment in all life activities, which we call the biological defense function. The biological defense function appears together with life origin, and will always exist in all life activities. DNA repair, cell membrane, apoptosis, immune system, etc. are all belong to the biological defense function. The biological defense function has characteristics of holism, stage and species, and is the result of the long evolution of the organisms. Additionally, we suggest that we should use 'bioguardology' or 'biodefenology' as the English term for the organism defense science.


The TeV Energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator (TESLA) requires as one of its components an RF input coupler. It transfers 1.3 GHz power from the RF distribution system to the superconducting 9-cell cavity. Three different coaxial couplers were produced and operated in the TESLA Test Facility (TTF), a new design for a superstructure cavity is on the way. We report about the design criteria and tests. The processing and operation of the couplers in the TTF will be discussed.


Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetic nephropathy are at a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than those without nephropathy. In this case, early diagnosis and prevention of DM are crucial. SIRT1, which is among the seven members of sirtuins, is recognized as an important element in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, therefore it has several actions in the diabetic nephropathy that will be further discussed in this study. This study will analyse the relationship between SIRT1 gene polymorphism and serum sirt1 in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Aim of the study: evaluation of the association of Silent Information Regulator1 (SIRT1) gene polymorphism and serum SIRT1 protein with type 2 diabetic patients and their role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Subjects and Methods: This study was carried out on 120 subjects with matched age and sex. They were divided into 3 groups: (Group 1: 40 diabetic nephropathy patients, Group 2: 40 diabetic patients without diabetic nephropathy, Group 3: 40 healthy control subjects ) to discuss the association of sirt1 gene polymorphism and the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Results: The mean levels of the serum SIRT1 protein was significantly increasing in the diabetic nephropathy group than the diabetics without diabetic nephropathy and the controls, while it was not significant between the diabetics without DN and the control group.
Conclusion: Basedon this study, SIRT1 gene polymorphism is a significant factor in the development and progression of DN.


Article 4(11) (Definition of consent) (see also recital 32); Article 7 (Conditions for consent); Article 8 (Conditions applicable to child's consent); Article 9(2) (Processing of special categories of personal data) (see also recital 51); Article 5 (Principles relating to processing of personal data) (see too recital 39); Article 23 (Restrictions) (see also recital 73); Article 89 (Safeguards relating to processing for archiving, research and statistical purposes) (see too recitals 156–163).


AIM
To evaluate the relationship between pre-operative CA-125 levels and myometrial invasion in patients with early-stage endometrioid-type endometrial cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two-hundred and sixty patients were diagnosed with endometrial cancer between January 2007 and December 2012. Of these, 136 patients with stage 1 endometrioid histologic-type and documented pre-operative serum CA-125 levels were included in the study. Age, preoperative CA-125 level, histologic grade, surgical grade, and presence of deep myometrial invasion were recorded. Additionally, 16, 20, and 35 IU/ml cutoff values were used and compared to evaluate the relationship between pre-operative CA-125 levels and myometrial invasion.

RESULTS
The average serum CA-125 level was 35.4±36.7 in patients with deep myometrial invasion, and 21.5±35.8 in cases without deep myometrial invasion. The relationship between the presence of deep myometrial invasion and CA-125 cut-off values (16, 20, 35 IU/ml) was statistically significant, although the correlation was weak (p<0.05). When the relationship between 16, 20 and 35 IU/ml CA-125 cut-off values and the presence of deep myometrial invasion was studied, specifity and sensitivity values were identified as: 0.60-0.68 for 16 IU/ml; 0.73-0.48 for 20 IU/ml; and 0.89-0.33 for 35 IU/ml. The sensitivity of 16 IU/ml cut-off value was higher when compared to other values.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that preoperative serum CA-125 values maybe used as a predictive test in patients with early stage endometrioid-type endometrium cancer, and as a prognostic factor alone. Further studies should be conducted to identify different CA-125 cut-off values in patients with low risk endometrial cancer.


This case study describes a new, emerging way to shed light on a complex dataset and communicate with a broad audience: first perform exploratory data analysis, then create interactive visualizations and embed these within a narrative using infographics. We illustrate the idea using data from 30 seasons of the Jeopardy! TV game show, showing interesting patterns both qualitative and quantitative.


The emergence of online labor markets calls the validity of traditional career models into question. Given the volatility and digital nature of this environment, short-term employment relationships and heterogeneity of workers, employers and tasks in these markets, it is unclear how careers might unfold – whether they are largely random and accidental or whether there are distinct trajectories and patterns in online careers. We document dominant career paths and develop a taxonomy of novel career patterns in OLMs. This addresses recent calls for research to update and refine our theories and understanding of careers (Rahman et al., 2016). We adopt a quantitative-inductive approach to describe workers' careers in terms of their task and skill specialization. This helps us understand the different types of careers on a continuum between more stable and random, unsystematic careers. Our results provide an innovative way of thinking about career development in OLMs and open up several fruitful areas of future research.


This paper presents a shelf life assessment for K-1 military gas masks in the Republic of Korea using test data of Chemical Materiels Stockpile Reliability Program(CSRP). For the shelf life assessment, over 2,500 samples between 2006 and 2015 were collected from field tests and analyzed to estimate ...


Introduction Rotigaptide is a new anti-arrhythmic peptide, which has recently been found to increase junctional conductance and prevent ischemia-induced ventricular tachycardia. In this study, we attempted to investigate the effects and mechanisms of rotigaptide on the vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias in rabbits with heart failure (HF). Material and methods Chronic volume-pressure overload was used to induce HF. After rotigaptide infusion, an electrophysiological study was performed to record monophasic action potential (MAP), determine the effective refractory period (ERP) and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT), and assess the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmia. Finally, real-time PCR was used to detect the changes of connexin 43 (Cx43) mRNA expression. Results HF rabbits exhibited significant down-regulation of Cx43 mRNA, increase of effective refractory period (ERP) and decrease of VFT (p < 0.05, respectively). These changes resulted in an increase of vulnerability to ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT/VF). Rotigaptide administration shortened ERP (113.3 ±8.6 ms vs. 131.7 ±12.5 ms, p < 0.05), restored VFT (15.0 ±2.0 V vs. 6.3 ±1.4 V, p < 0.05), and decreased the vulnerability to VT/VF. However, short-term rotigaptide treatment had no significant effect on MAP duration (MAP duration at 90% repolarization: 169.3 ±6.0 ms vs. 172.7 ±6.2 ms, p > 0.05) or connexin 43 mRNA expression (p > 0.05). Conclusions Rotigaptide decreases the ERP, elevates VFT, and reduces the vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias without changing Cx43 expression in rabbits with HF. It may be a promising antiarrhythmic drug for preventing ventricular arrhythmia in HF.


There are two central issues in option pricing: selecting an appropriate model and quantifying the risk premiums of the various underlying factors. In this paper, we use the information in the cross-section of S&P futures options from 1987 to 2003 to examine these issues. We first test for the presence of jumps in volatility by analyzing the higher moment behavior of option implied variance. The option data provides strong evidence supporting the presence of jumps in volatility. In conjunction with previous results, this implies that stochastic volatility, jumps in returns and jumps in volatility are all important components. Next, we find strong cross-sectional evidence in support of jumps in returns, and modest evidence for jumps in volatility. We find evidence for reasonable jump risk premiums, but do not find any evidence for a diffusive volatility risk premium. We also find strong evidence for time variation in the jump risk premiums. ∗All authors are at the Graduate School of Business, Columbia University, 3022 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027. Email addresses: firstname.lastname@example.com (Broadie); email@example.com (Chernov) and firstname.lastname@example.com (Johannes). We thank seminar participants at Columbia, Connecticut, LSE, LBS and the WFA for helpful comments. David Bates and Gurdip Bakshi provided helpful comments and clarifications. Tony Baer has provided excellent research assistance.


ABSTRACT Yield and nut quality in pistachio are highly dependent on cultural practices especially pollination. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of pollen suspension spray containing 0.01% and 0.02% boric acid combined with 1% (w/v) pollen on nut and kernel quality of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Owhadi). The experiment was carried out as RCBD with three replications over 2011–12 period. The results showed that application of medium containing agar (A) and 0.01% boric acid (B1) combined with 1% (w/v) pollen decreased fruit set in both years compared to control whereas nut splitting was increased during 2012. Pollen suspension sprays unaffected nut and kernel dimensions in both years but increased kernel proteins and decreased oil during 2011. According to this study, it could be postulated that artificial pollination in pistachio using pollen suspension spray is possible.


A case of neonatal pneumoperitoneum in absence of a bowel perforation or intrathoracic pathology has been reported. The cause of such a rare manifestation remains to be established.


This article is the second in a series discussing considerations needed in large-scale tree planting for biodiversity outcomes. After securing the land on which to plant, it is imperative to undertake detailed planning to meet project goals. We discuss ecological planning considerations, along with site assessment and planting methodologies, including density selection and plant procurement.


INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare smoking behavior in out-patients in terms of psychological factors with a view to supporting cessation treatment. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional and analytical study through face-to-face interviews by the primary care physician with 765 volunteer participants who applied to our hospital for any reason between March and July 2019. The questionnaire administered had two parts: questions about sociodemographic characteristics and usage of tobacco and tobacco products, and questions of the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMBS), and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). RESULTS The study was completed with 765 participants of which 53.1% (n=406) were female and 46.9% (n=359) male. Multidimensional perceived social support scale mean score of the participants was 69.9±15.2 (min=12, max=84). There was a significant relation between mean MPSS and mean WEMBS (p<0.05). As nicotine scores increased, the mean scores both in MPSS and WEMBS decreased (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the results of the psychometric preliminary evaluations should be customized for individuals applying to smoking cessation clinics and that including the individual's close social connections in the process can facilitate the decision to quit, thus increase smoking cessation rates.


Normal values for the enzymes were determined by measurement in blood from personnel in our laboratory. The diagnosis of polycythemia vera was made in our patients by the standard criteria.5 All patients had evidence of a panmyelopathy; the clinical data at the time of diagnosis are presented in Table 1 . Patients in remission on busulfan treatment were excluded from the study. Blood was obtained by venipuncture and collected in tubes containing oxalate for ECOT and C-fl-PD determinations, and containing EDTA for hexokinase determination. Erythrocytes were washed free of plasma and buffy coat and hemolyzed by diluting 1:20 in distilled water. For ECOT and C-6-PD the sample consisted of sufficient hemolysate to yield 3.65 mg. of hemoglobin, and for hexokinase the sample consisted of sufficient hemolysate to yield 1.82 mg. of hemoglobin. Previously reported methods were used to measure EGOT,6 C-6-PD and hexokinase.8 Reagents were obtained from the Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, Missouri.


The purpose of this study is to investigate racing sports participants` motives effecting on their involvement so as to analyze racing sports market more practically. This study set the people who watched the games of 2003 regular season game of cycle racing and motorboat racing at stadiums as a population and distributed a total of 700 questionnaires to them using the convenience sampling method, one of nonrandom sampling methods. Out of collected 700, 430 (cycle racing 218, motorboat racing 212) were selected for the analysis; those whose contents were judged to be insincere and to be unsuitable for the purpose of the study, and missing were excluded. To analyze materials, the frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis and multiple regression analysis were used as statistic analysis techniques. The results of this study were as follows. First, participants on cycle racing evaluated more highly in all respects - visiting frequency, betting frequency, an amount of betting money - than those of motorboat racing. Most people visited ground by themselves, but some of them accompanied with friends and members of family in cycle racing. Participants on motorboat racing did the other racing sports more than those of cycle racing. Moreover, involvement was affected by new experience, betting, personal contacts and play among the participants` motive. In detail, importance was affected by betting, new experience and play. Risk awareness was affected by new experience. At last, sign was affected by personal contacts and betting.


Tonsilloliths are infrequent calcified concretions that develop in tonsillar crypts within the parenchyma of the tonsils or surrounding it. They are typically single and unilateral, but rarely may be numerous or bilateral. Large tonsilloliths can mimic many conditions including abscesses or neoplasms. It is difficult to diagnose tonsilloliths unless there is a considered emphasis on thorough history taking, careful inspection, and a detailed characterization of the lesion through digital palpation. This may be further supplemented with investigations such as plain film radiography and/or 3D imaging. Here, we present a case of asymptomatic tonsillolith where the patient presented for a painful tooth in mandibular anterior region and was incidentally diagnosed as having with a large tonsillolith on right side of posterior mandible.


This essay emphasizes the significance and urgency of adopting comprehensive, design-oriented experiment courses in the universities teaching , presents the definition, teaching process and designing of the comprehensive, design-oriented experiment.Also it mentiones some problems arise in the comprehensive, design-oriented experiment teaching activities and solutions.


The 2D Markov Random Field (MRF) model, combined with the Bayesian estimation framework, has proved to be an efficient and reliable computing tool to the optical flow estimation problem. Specifically, we are investigating the multimodal approach, where complementary constraints are imposed on the optical flow model. However, this approach suffers from expensive computational requirements, which is the direct consequence of the large dimensions of the optimization problem. Recently, a deterministic optimization technique, namely the mean field approximation has been proposed, which not only provides satisfactory estimation result, but also reduces the computational cost drastically. Here we apply this new technique to the above mentioned multimodal motion estimation problem.


Landscape study could never be anything but an area of interdisciplinary convergence. Were it left to, say, the historians it would be a far narrower and less colourful field of enquiry. Over the years, studies of landscape evolution have been enriched by scholars from a wide range of other disciplines – ecology, geography, archaeology and many others. One particularly rich area of enquiry has existed at the interface between landscape history and botany/ecology. Work here has shown how differences in the characteristics of tree and shrub species may have conditioned landscape evolution and how cultural influences have greatly shaped the botanical distributions. Approaches of this kind were not part of mainstream landscape history, but derived from immensely valuable contributions from a small number of scholars in landscape ecology, among whom Oliver Rackham has been especially influential. All the signs suggests that the interest in woodland, veteran trees, wood pasture and related topics is increasing, an assertion borne out both by the highly successful Sheffield Hallam conference in May 2003, Working and Walking in the Footsteps of Ghosts, and by the recent publication of a number of relevant books. An important new source for debate concerns Hans Vera's contention that the wildwood was not continuous woodland but was broken by numerous clearings opened-up by herbivores. Thus wood pastureand parkland-like countryside could have a prehistoric dimension. This debate is rather lacking in Oak: A British History, which is concerned with the cultural, and more particularly, the functional associations of this most symbolically 'English' of trees. Of course, the tree is not confined to England; there is important temperate oak rain forest in Snowdonia and I know of superb wood pasture near Hamilton in Scotland – so the authors are to be congratulated on making this a British survey. The great attraction of this book concerns its lucid explanation of the way that the timber was obtained and exploited for uses in tasks like church-building and shipbuilding. By understanding the manner in which oak timber was employed we gain a greater appreciation of its management within the landscape. The chapter on mythological and symbolic associations is particularly welcome, though the focus on timber rather than browse rather excludes the very significant uses of leafy branches lopped from pollards and fed to cattle and deer. Review Article


George Sylvester Viereck: The Psychology of a German-American Militant George Sylvester Viereck -or Sylvester Viereck, for he preferred the elfin and exotic "Sylvester" to the nondescript "George"-was a man of many talents and enormous energies which he spent diffusely in the course of a lifetime devoted to developing his own legend. He achieved remarkable success as a young and "emancipated" poet before World War I. During the war period, against a background of mounting conflict among German-Americans between their ancestral and their American ties, Viereck rose to prominence as a spokesman for militant pro-Germanism. After the war he made a new reputation for himself as a journalist and novelist. But his profound identification with Germany persisted, and, in the I930s, he became one of the major pro-Nazi propagandists in the country. In the annals of American history he has been consigned to the circle of hell reserved for the disreputables: those uncongenial figures who have given wide offense on personal and historical grounds. His life history provides a rich source of insight into the development of a neurotic personality and its significant junctures with society and history. More specifically, it affords a concrete illustration of the psychological sources of national loyalty and revealing glimpses into the inner dynamic of German-American group life between the wars. Sylvester's father, Louis Viereck, was born out of wedlock in Berlin in I851. "His birth," according to a younger cousin, "furnished the conflict of his life."' The only child of Edwina Viereck, a beautiful and famous actress attached to the Prussian royal court, Louis was subsequently acknowledged by Louis von Prillwitz, an army officer and scion of Prince August of Prussia. Sylvester repeatedly gave currency to the rumor that Louis' real father had been Emperor William I. Confronting Louis' denial, he disingenuously argued that he did not think the matter worth quibbling over since "biologically the [Hohenzollern] strain is the same."z


In cyclic voltammetry of adriamycin (doxorubicin hydrochloride) adsorbed on graphite electrode surface, the response of quinone / hydroquinone redox centers is split into two pairs of peaks because of inactivation of semiquinone intermediates by the hydrogen bonds.


With discussing the comprehensive evaluation method for many indexes,the paper constructs an index system to evaluate the Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province,and presents an evaluation method unitized the primary component analysis and the DEA model with examples of evaluating 24 key laboratories of a province in China.


Ion Chromatography has already shown its value as a process monitoring and troubleshooting tool for the semiconductor and disk drive manufacturers. Similarly, there are many possible uses for this analytical technique in the manufacture of microelectromechanical devices. Some of these uses are: (i) the analysis of corrosive ions in ultrapure water and ultrapure chemicals; (ii) analysis of plating bath constituents and contaminants; (iii) analysis of corrosive ions found on MEMS devices during manufacturing and which can later cause device failure of reliability problems; (iv) the analysis of corrosive ions found on MEMS manufacturing tools, carriers and other materials that come in contact with the final product. This paper will explore the many uses of ion chromatography for the manufacture of MEMS devices. Special techniques, only recently developed for use on very small objects, will also be presented for the analysis of ions at part per trillion levels.


A patient with systemic scleroderma is described who developed a cutaneous eruption of papules and vesicobullae. Over time, the latter turned into papules. The histopathological and immunofluorescence features of the papular lesions were unequivocally those of lichen planus, while those of the bullous lesions reminded of erythema multiforme. Histologically, erythema multiforme shares common features with lichenoid reactions, such as necrotic keratinocytes. Our case suggests that erythema multiforme and lichen planus may coexist or succeed each other as different stereotype immune reactions against the same antigen(s) within the epidermis.


We consider a situation in wich decision markets in an extensive form game can by aditional information from an information seller before reaching their decisions. Prices for information are selected by the seller. We analyze a variety of scenarios for the price sitting process by the seller: the case in which prices are chosen before the game stars (ex-ante pricing), the case in which prices are chosen during the game (ex-post pricing) and the situation in which the seller can pit buyers against each other in determining what information is to be sold. Within the context of ex-ante pricin, we also consider the situaction in which the pricise information offered to the decision makers is not exogenously given but is selected by the seller.


With China's entry into WTO, marketing becomes the first challenge for enterprises and the enterprises need research corresponding marketing strategies to face the challenges. By analyzing marketing problems, the article puts forward the following six proposals: to create favorable marketing environment by punishing severely imitations and counterfeits, to form a professional marketing team by improving the quality of salespersons, to enhance enterprises' competitive ability by adopting brand strategy, to regard service and innovation as marketing foundation, to reform and perfect retailing, and to pay attention to marketing consultation.


Abstract: This study measures the ethical identity of Islamic banks in Bangladesh over the period 2001 to 2006. An index of ethical identity, following Haniffa and Hudaib (2007), is constructed by drawing information revealed in the annual reports of the banks. The index is composed of eight different dimensions: (i) mission and vision statement, (ii) board of directors and top management, (iii) products and services, (iv) zakah, charity and benevolent fund, (v) commitment towards employees, (vi) commitment towards debtors, (vii) commitment towards society, and (viii) Shari[ah Supervisory Board. Then, the study also investigates the relationship between the ethical identity index and market value of these banks. Results show that some of the dimensions of ethical identity are over-communicated and others under-communicated in the annual reports. A significantly positive association has been observed between the ethical identity index and market value of banks. The study recommends possible improvements in Islamic banks' communication of their ethical identity through annual reports.


Communication system and communication method in a user network, before forming a point-to-point connection, requesting UE security authentication of the two UE in the user network corresponding through the access network management entity, the corresponding UE authenticate to pass to form a point-to-point connections from. Management entity may provide the key to the authenticated UE, and guarantees the security of data transmission. If two of the UE are on the same personal area network, point-to-point connection is a direct connection in the personal area network range. If two of the UE is not in the same personal area network, point-to-point connection is a remote connection that is formed by the respective access network. By using the present invention, data transmission security between a UE in the user network is guaranteed.


The use of hazardous formalin in increasing shelf life of fruits and protecting them from microbial decay by unscrupulous traders is a big health concern for the consumers in Bangladesh. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer produced from the exoskeletons of shrimp and crab, which slows antimicrobial activities and induces immunity of plants against microbial pests. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of chitosan on the shelf life extension of some local ripened fruits compared to untreated control. Three doses of chitosan solution viz. 0, 500 and 1000 ppm were sprayed in alternate day on banana (cvs. Shabri and Champa), strawberry, tomato, and oranges. It revealed that chitosan extended shelf life of all fruits by delaying the decay; however, level of protection varied in different kinds of fruits as well as in doses of the chitosan used. Among the tested fruits, decay of tomatoes was most delayed by chitosan. Spraying of both 500 and 1000 ppm of chitosan equally protected 100% decay in tomatoes until 8 days of treatments at room temperature. More than 80% protection of other fruits viz. banana, orange and strawberries by chitosan were recorded at 8, 8 and 4 day after treatment, respectively, which were remarkably higher than the untreated control. Interestingly, 500 ppm of chitosan spray gave better protection than 1000 ppm in all the tested fruits. These results suggest that lower doses of chitosan can be utilized as a natural preservative of fruits alternative to hazardous formalin. A further study with higher number of fruits, and at varying temperature and chitosan doses are needed for recommending it for practical application as a fruit preservative.


Reliable fault diagnosis and identification are essential for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems with high-reliability requirements. Since open-switch fault and output current sensor fault both affect the residual of output phase current, it is difficult to identify them apart from each other. Thus, this article proposes an open-switch fault and output current sensor fault diagnosis and identification method for the matrix converter (MC)-based PMSM drive system. The finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) method is applied in the MC-based PMSM drive system. The fault identification method is proposed based on the extracted different faulty features of the open-switch fault and the output current sensor fault. After the open-switch fault is separated from the current sensor fault, an error-voltage-based open-switch fault diagnosis strategy is applied to locate the faulty switch. Hardware-in-the-loop tests are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


A device developed for the direct measurement of wall shear stress generated by flows is described. Simple and symmetric in design with optional small moving mass and no internal friction, the features employed in the design eliminate most of the difficulties associated with the traditional floating element balances. The device is basically small and can be made in various sizes. Vibration problems associated with the floating element skin friction balances were found to be minimized due to the design symmetry and optional damping provided. The design eliminates or reduces the errors associated with conventional floating element devices: such as errors due to gaps, pressure gradient, acceleration, heat transfer, and temperature change. The instrument is equipped with various sensing systems and the output signal is a linear function of the wall shear stress. Dynamic measurements could be made in a limited range and measurements in liquids could be performed readily. Measurement made in the three different tunnels show excellent agreement with data obtained by the floating element devices and other techniques.


Aim and Objective: Acrylic teeth separates from the denture base and remains a major worry in day-to-day routine dental procedure. The present study was conducted to comparatively evaluate different mechanical modifications of acrylic teeth on bond strength between Lucitone 199 heat cure resin and cross-linked teeth. Materials and Methods: The test specimens, central incisors (21) were demarcated into four groups. Group 1 was the control group, whereas Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 were experimental groups modified with round groove, vertical groove, and T-shaped groove, respectively. The preparation of masterpiece was done by aligning the long axis of the central incisor teeth at 45° to the base of a wax block (8 mm × 10 mm × 30 mm), with ridge lap surface contacting the base. These test specimen (21) was prepared by Lucitone 199 heat cure resin. Evaluation of bond strength of all the specimens was done using universal tester (materials testing machine). Shapiro–Wilk Test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Bonferroni test were done to do statistical investigation. Results: Group 1 specimens prepared by Lucitone 199 heat cure resin showed the lowest bond strength and Group 4 specimens prepared with T-shaped groove packed with Lucitone 199 exhibited the highest bond strength. Conclusion: The bond strength between Lucitone 199 heat cure resin and cross-linked teeth was increased when mechanical modifications was done on denture teeth. The specimens prepared with T-shaped groove packed with Lucitone 199 heat cure resin showed the highest bond strength followed by Group 3, Group 2, and lastly Group 1 prepared by Lucitone 199 heat cure resin.


Extraction technology is adopted to produce health wine with Fructus Momordicae as main ingredients.An orthogonal experiment was carried out to find out the relationship between the outputs of polyphenols and variables in extraction time,alcohol content and temperature,and finally the optimized health wine producing technology was achieved.The final product nutritious,turns out to be racy and mellow and.The optimum technological conditions are:extraction time 25d;alcohol content 45%vol;temperature 30℃.


4D flow MRI images make it possible to measure pulsatile blood flow inside deforming vessel, which is critical in accurate blood flow visualization, simulation, and evaluation. Such data has great potential to overcome problems in existing work, which usually does not reflect the dynamic nature of elastic vessels and blood flows in cardiac cycles. However, the 4D flow MRI data is often low-resolution and with strong noise. Due to these challenges, few efforts have been successfully conducted to extract dynamic blood flow fields and deforming artery over cardiac cycles, especially for small artery like carotid. In this paper, a robust flow feature, particularly the mean flow intensity is used to segment blood flow regions inside vessels from 4D flow MRI images in whole cardiac cycle. To estimate this flow feature more accurately, adaptive weights are added to the raw velocity vectors based on the noise strength of MRI imaging. Then, based on this feature, target arteries are tracked in at different time steps in a cardiac cycle. This method is applied to the clinical 4D flow MRI data in neck area. Dynamic vessel walls and blood flows are effectively generated in a cardiac cycle in the relatively small carotid arteries. Good image segmentation results on 2D slices are presented, together with the visualization of 3D arteries and blood flows. Evaluation of the method was performed by clinical doctors and by checking flow volume rates in the vertebral and carotid arteries.


Basically,the current yellow phosphorus industry of China is a "diminishing" industry featuring "three highs and one low":high-energy consumption,high material consumption,high pollution,and low benefit.It is proposed that the way out for the yellow industry of China is to adjust the industrial structure(including adjustment of raw material structure and technological structure),develop cyclic economy,and promote the comprehensive utilization of resources.The energy-saving and emission reduction by some enterprises in China through resource utilization of off-gas and slag from yellow phosphorus are outlined.


More realistic formulations of optimal control problems are proposed in the paper. Fuzzy seta are used to represent the impreciseness and non-reproducibility of the experimental data and subjectivity of the cost function(s) definition. The problem is transformed via Bellman-Zadeh's approach to the crisp (nonfuzzy) optimal control problem. Illustrative numerical examples are presented.


an ill-judged litigation to subside, the Members' Association had for a time desisted from any active steps. It is well that these past cases of disagreement should now be left altogether out of view, and that the proposed measure which we regard as one of simple justice in the higher sense of the word, and in any case of equitable conciliation, should be judged and dealt with solely on its own merits. Looked at from that point of view, it is clear that in the present day it cannot be regarded as other than a singular anomaly that the 16,000 Members of the College who are undoubtedly its main support, and in a large and popular sense the chief constituents of the College, should be wholly without representation, and without any kind of voice in the administration of the affairs of this great institution. The Fellows of the College have recently attained to a larger share than hitherto, and to a more distinct and audible voice in the conduct of the College affairs. It is only reasonable to expect that with the growth of liberal opinion and of that confidence in the good sense and patriotism of the great body of the profession which is n1ow everywhere apparent, a further step shall be taken with their assistance towards liberalising and thus consolidating thegovernmentandadministrationof the College. Nothing will have a better effect in this direction than the admission of the Members to some share of representation in the -governing body of its Council. There can be no question that both in the Council and among the Fellows this view is gaining ground, and some early steps in this direction -might be looked for with confidence. Backed by the help of the Council and by that large number of Fellows who are known to be in favour of conciliatory steps, it might be hoped that the consideration by the meeting of Fellows on Thursday next of the proposal of the Members brought forward by the Council will meet with large favour. It depends on the willingness of those who are in favour of these proposals to take the trouble to attend next Thursday whether or not success will on this occasion attend the just efforts of the Members' Association. We earnestly hope that it may. In any case, we will put it to all those Fellows who desire to do justice to the Members that they should not fail personally to attend. In this way they-can give effect to the -excellent intentions which a large number of them are believed to entertain, and it is satisfactory to know that they will not be without considerable support within the Council itself. The Council are known largely to desire to be guided in this matter by thle wish and opinion of the Fellows, and anyone who abstains from attending this meeting, and who holds the liberal views which we believe to be widely entertained, may in the end have to hold himself individually xesponsible for any failure to carry out the desired object.


In the light of deviation for reservoir flood forecast, the modern actual time correction technique and the hydrological model of reservoir flood forecast is combined with modern stochastic theory, the establishement of actual time correction model of reservoir flood forecast error is discussed for provide the basis of raising flood forecast precision and flood control decision. The paper introduces the actual time correction method of reservoir flood forecast in Fengshuba reservoir.


This article analyses the disadvantage of traditional historical geography as the rapid development of GIS provides an opportunity for historical geography, describes the achievements, existing problems and tendency of the applications of GIS in historical geography and presents several ways for better combining historical geography with GIS.