I found a small circular white spot on the surface of a coral Porites spp. on the reef flat of Okinawa Japan. This white spot resembles its color and size in PUWS (Porites Ulcerative White Spot Disease) reported from Philippine. However the white spot observed in Okinawan Porites was not PUWF disease, and found that a copepod Xenomolgus varius lives in the skeleton under the spot (Hoi and Yamashiro, 2007). X. varius was found from the formalin-washout of the coral Porites in Mauritius (Humes and Stock, 1973) and it has not been unclear where this species live. The individuals situate in the skeleton and the head is set upward. Coral soft tissue has a small hole, through which they may get something and release larvae. The present study is to elucidate the reason why the copepods bleach coral tissue. To observe the relationship between copepod and symbiotic algae, histological sections were made. Furthermore the gut content of the copepod was investigated with a fluorescent microscope. This parasitic copepod did not affect coral reproduction. Observation showed that the copepod eats symbiotic algae of the host coral. To get sufficient food, they must need culture algae around them under dim light. The copepods have to inhibit the growth/photosynthesis of upper symbiotic algae as a curtain, because they need much sunlight for lower algae as a food. This cryptic copepod has highly organized strategies; transformation of the coral skeleton to live in, inhibition of symbiotic algae to uptake sunlight and culture. Although the effect of copepod inhabitation on host coral seems not to be serious at present, continuous monitoring is needed. (Symposium 7, Diseases on coral reefs)(11 International Coral Reef Symposium, Fort Lauderdale,


Abstract The conditions of electrokinetic detection were elaborated for tetraethylammonium, TEA+, ion-pairs of volatile fatty acids(acetic, propionic, isobutyric and valeric) in reversed phase high performane liquid chromatography, HPLC. To eliminate the dependence of the retention volume V R, on the concentration of acids found in the first part of this work, TEA+ was added to the non-buffered mobile phase. In the presence of pairing TEA+ ions, V R appeared to be invariant with the concentration of acids in the sample in a definite concentration range. The detectability of the detector, with a polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, capillary as its working unit, was of the order of 10−10 mole and the reproducibility was 5% (relative standard deviation, R. S. D., for ten consecutive injections). The linear dynamic range extended over two orders of magnitude of the acid concentrations.


The instability phenomena of coal body are studied by computing bulging mode of coal body in Zhaogezhuang coal mine in Kailuan. The instability model takes into account both geometric non-linearity and elastic-plastic properties. The simulation results of the finite element method based on the model are in good agreement with the practical observation.


Introduction: Ovarian cancer accounts for four percent of all cancer in women worldwide. It is considered as the silent killer, because symptoms do not develop until the disease reached advanced stages. Majority of women are diagnosed at advanced stages when prognosis is poor. This study was carried out with an aim to find out association of Symptom Index with ovarian cancer.
Methods: A hospital based case control study was conducted over one year in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, TUTH, Kathmandu. All patients visiting to Gynecology OPD or admitted to Female Surgical Ward with histopathology confirmed ovarian cancer were included. Age matched women with benign ovarian tumor at the ratio of 1:2 were taken as controls. All women were inquired regarding the occurrence of eight symptoms associated with ovarian cancer. A symptom index was considered positive if any of those symptoms occurred >12 times per month but were present for <1 year.
Results: There were 30 cases and 60 controls. Twenty-nine (96.7%) cases and 56 (93.4%) controls presented with abdominal pain but it was not statistically significant. However, abdominal bloating in 56.7% vs 8.3% [OR-14.4 (4.5-46.2)], increased abdominal size in 40% vs 11.6% [OR- 5.04 (1.7-14.8)], difficulty in eating in 30% vs 1.7% [OR- 25.3 (3.02-211.7)], and feeling full in 23.3% of vs 1.7% [OR-17.9 (2.09-154.1)], all were statistically significant.
Conclusions: Symptoms are present in a significant number of women with ovarian cancer. So, evaluating women with specific symptoms of recent onset helps to make the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.


In this work, large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to explore the thermal and mechanical phenomena in surface nanostructuring with a laser-assisted scanning tunnelling microscope. Employing a super parallel computer, more than 200 million atoms are modelled to provide substantial details about how the localized thermal and mechanical perturbations result in surface nanostructures. Extremely localized stress accumulation beneath the sample surface leads to an explosion of the melted/vaporized material, leaving a nanoscale hole in the sample surface. Normal and shear stress development are observed. Stress propagation in space is strongly influenced by the anisotropic nature of the crystal. The high pressure in the melted/vaporized region pushes the melt adjacent to the solid to move, thereby forming a protrusion at the edge of the hole. More importantly, visible sub-surface nanoscale structural damages are observed in a direction 45° with respect to the axial direction. Detailed study of the lattice structure reveals atomic dislocations in the damaged regions. Both temporary and permanent structural damages are observed in the material. The temporary structural damage is featured with a formation, propagation and disappearing procedure.


This article explores structural entanglements between the rule-of-law, as a globalized aspirational horizon in post-Cold War politics, and corruption, as a highly salient malaise, by way of an ethnography of wāsṭa, an institutionalized practice of patronage in Jordan, and a salient object of corruption discourse in recent years. The article follows wāsṭa and anti-corruption practices in various sites where wāsṭa is most salient and most problematized and situates the contemporary practice in relation to historical transformations in Jordan's political economy and global discourses on justice and development. While globalized anti-corruption discourses pit practices of patronage and brokerage like wāsṭa against the rule-of-law, an ethnographic and historical view illustrates how the latter is the condition of possibility of the former, the framework by which it is diagnosed, and its presumed cure. Thus, I argue that the rule-of-law should be understood as a historically specific "problem space" that posits corruption as a prime diagnostic of the ills of state and society while generating practical paradoxes and a perpetual sense of temporal out-of-jointedness for "developing" countries.


This paper presents an effective driving method to reduce the power consumption of an in-plane switching (IPS) mode thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) with a negative liquid crystal (LC). Despite the higher transmittance efficiency of the negative LC, it is not effective to reduce the power consumption of the IPS mode TFT-LCD because of the driving voltage, which is 30% higher than that of the positive LC. To complement the higher driving voltage, the driving method, which can modulate the amplitude of the common voltage (VCOM) inversion without side effects, is proposed for low power consumption. In addition, a novel pixel structure is developed to reduce the data load. The measured power consumption is 22.5 W at the full white gray level in a 17-in full high-definition (FHD) IPS mode TFT-LCD. The measured result shows that the proposed method can reduce the power consumption by 19% and 10% as compared to that of the conventional method using the negative LC and positive LC, respectively.


In this paper we present the application of the Interpolation Damage Detection Method (IDDM) to the numerical model of a suspension bridge having a long span truss-stiffened deck. The method, which belongs to Level II damage identification method, can identify the presence and the location of a damage based on acceleration responses of the structure before and after a damaging event without explicit knowledge of the modal properties of the structure. Emphasis is placed on the influence of noise in recorded signals on the reliability of the results given by the IDDM method. The response of the suspension bridge to seismic excitation is computed from the model and artificially corrupted with random noise characteristic of two families of MEMS accelerometers, in order to simulate real conditions. The reliability of the results has been checked for different damage scenarios.


Purpose/background: Concomitant intraocular and orbital space-occupied lesions are relatively rare and this is the first report stressing the underlying causes of concomitant intraocular and intraorbital lesions. In this paper, we present cases showing both intraocular and orbital soft tissue masses and highlight their clinical, pathological and imaging features.
Materials and methods: A retrospective review was performed on cases with both intraocular and orbital spaceoccupied lesions who were treated at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, of Sun Yat-sen University, China between Jan 1, 2000 and Dec 31, 2011.
Results: From an initial retrospective review of 1543 patients with a diagnosis of intraocular and/or orbital spaceoccupied lesions, 8 patients (4 males and 4 females) with a coexistence of both intraocular and orbital mass lesions were identified. Patients' ages ranged from 22 months to 71 years (median = 3.0 years) and included 5 cases of retinoblastoma, 1 case of idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor, 1 case of T-cell lymphoma, and 1 case of Sturge- Weber syndrome.
Conclusions: Based upon these findings, the presence of a lesion involving both the orbit and eye should be included when a diagnosis of retinoblastoma, idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor, lymphoma, and/or Sturge- Weber syndrome is proposed.


The first part of the present work investigates legal and practical problems emerged in the German legal system concerning cross-border placements of children under art. 56 Brussels IIa Regulation. The second part of the work offers a first critical assessment of the changes proposed to the Brussels IIa Regulation, and highlights problems that might still occur should the new rules enter into force as they are proposed.


Since the publication of my revision of the American species of the genus Scleria (*), continued field work and herbarium studies have brought to light numerous new distributional records for Colombia. In particular, the explorations of Dr. Jose Cuatrecasas, and of numerous botanists on the. Staff of the Foreign Economic, Administration have resulted in the discovery of several species new to Colombia and at least one new to science.


The configuration of non-electrical protection of large oil immersed equipments is very important to ensure the reliable running of UHVAC demonstration project.Introduced field configuration and operation experience of non-electric quantity protection,discussed the technological requirements of electrical equipments in terms of anti-disturbance and action logic configuration of non-electric quantity protection.To the fieldwork,explicit the demand of secondary circuit design,proposed the assumption of improving the reliability of non-electric quantity protection.


Expert panels sponsored by both the World Health Organization and the National Institutes of Health have recommended that obese adults (ie, body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), as well as those who are overweight (body mass index of 25–29.9 kg/m2) and have comorbid conditions, lose 10% of their initial weight.1,2 A comprehensive program of lifestyle modification is considered the first option for achieving this goal.2 Lifestyle modification, also referred to as behavioral weight control, includes 3 primary components: diet, exercise, and behavior therapy.3 This narrative review examines weight losses achieved with this approach, as well as new developments with each of the 3 components.

Comprehensive lifestyle modification programs typically provide weekly individual or group treatment sessions designed to modify eating and activity habits.4 This approach is exemplified by the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP),5 which randomly assigned >3200 participants with impaired glucose tolerance to 1 of 3 groups: placebo, metformin, or lifestyle modification. Participants in the lifestyle intervention were provided 16 individual counseling sessions during the first 24 weeks and at least every-other-month sessions thereafter. They were prescribed a reduced calorie, low-fat diet of conventional foods (1200–2000 kcal/d, depending on body weight) and 150 min/wk of physical activity (typically brisk walking), with the goal of losing 7% of initial weight.5,6 After an average of 2.8 years, participants in the lifestyle intervention lost 5.6 kg in comparison with losses of 2.1 kg and 0.1 kg in the metformin and placebo groups, respectively. The risk in the lifestyle group of developing type 2 diabetes was reduced by 58% in comparison with placebo and by 31% in comparison with metformin.5 Ten years after randomization, lifestyle-treated participants had regained nearly to their baseline weight (with no significant differences in weight loss among groups). …


In recent years, there has been increased interest in using early life stages of freshwater bivalves to test the toxicity of dissolved constituents in water. The authors have developed laboratory and in situ assays with artificially cultured Utterbackia imbecillis to examine effects of contaminants and existing conditions in embayments and rivers on mortality and reproductive success of unionid mussels. Age sensitivity of U. imbecillis to Cd and Cu was examined using both static acute and 8-day static renewal bioassays. Both aqueous and sediment exposures demonstrated greater sensitivity to Cd than Cu. LC{sub 50}`s for two-day old (2d) and 9d mussels were approximately half the LC{sub 50} calculated for 16d mussels in 48-hr bioassays with Cd. Additionally, acute assays were repeated twice to examine variability in response between different mussel cultures to the two metals. The results of this work reinforce the potential of juvenile U. imbecillis as a standard toxicity test organism for water-borne and sediment contamination.


We present an empirical corpus study of the meaning and usage of time phrases in weather forecasts; this is based on a novel corpus analysis technique where we align phrases from the forecast text with data extracted from a numerical weather simulation. Previous papers have summarised this analysis and discussed the substantial variations we discovered among individual writers, which was perhaps our most surprising finding. In this paper we describe our analysis procedure and results in considerably more detail, and also discuss our current work on using parallel text-data corpora to learn the meanings of other types of words.


We introduce an efficient transformation from univariate polynomial commitment based zk-SNARKs to their transparent counterparts. The transformation is achieved with the help of a new IOP primitive which we call a list polynomial commitment. This primitive is applicable for preprocessing zk-SNARKs over both prime and binary fields. We present the primitive itself along with a soundness analysis of the transformation and instantiate it with an existing universal proof system. We also present benchmarks for a proof of concept implementation alongside a comparison with the current non-transparent state-of-the-art. Our results show competitive efficiency both in terms of proof size and generation times. At the 80-bit security level, our benchmarks provide proof generation times of about a minute and proof sizes of around 515 KB for a circuit with one million gates.


After labeling and extracting parameters from the voice signals of Mongolia Long Song 'The rich and vast Alashan', prosody features of Mongolian traditional folk Long Song are analyzed in the paper from the following two perspectives: 1) tone characteristics exploring the main prosody parameters, such as pitch, energy and time, 2) speech production characteristics explaining on the bases of formant and trill characteristics.


We compare data from a survey of ostracode species carried out during 1994-1998 from Northern Italian ricefields with data from the same area collected in the '60s. Twenty-five species were recorded during a survey of 19 ricefields in 1994-98 as against 46 species found in 16 ricefields over thirty years ago. Three of these species (Ilyocypris biplicata, Chlamydotheca incisa and Chrissia sp.), as well as six among the 27 species found in the '60s but not recorded during 1994-1998, were found in Italy only in the ricefield habitat. Three species were recorded for the first time in Italy: Hemicypris dentatomarginata, Ilyocypris monstrifica and Chrissia sp. Eight taxa (Chlamydotheca incisa, Chrissia sp., Cypretta turgida, Dolerocypris sinensis, H. dentatomarginata, Isocypris beauchampi, Strandesia spinulosa and Tanycypris pellucida) were considered endemic to South America, Africa or Asia and are thought to have been introduced to Italy with useful plants, notably rice varieties. The recording of these species indicates once again the importance of man as an agent for passive dispersal of ostracode and the role of ricefields as a suitable habitat for new exotic colonising species. Heterocypris incongruens is the most widespread species and several other species (D. sinensis, Cypridopsis vidua, Ilyocypris gibba and Isocypris beauchampi cicatricosa) were found in more than 50% of the ricefields sampled: 40% of the species occur in just one or two ricefields. In Northern Italy today, species similarity between ricefields is inversely related to their geographic distance but is not spatially structured. This may be due to the fact that, in ostracodes, the production of passive dispersal resting eggs constrains regional differentiation. Species richness is significantly related to the amount of cultivated area. The decrease in species richness observed over the last thirty years or so may be related to the widespread use of pesticides in local current agricultural practices.


Numerical method of integral order ordinary differential equation, for example, Euler method, linear multiple step method, and so on, has had quite perfect theories. Theoretical studies of the numerical method and the error estimate of fractional order differential equation are very little. In this paper, the simplest fractional order ordinary differential equation is considered. A fractional order linear multiple step method is introduced, a high order approximation of fractional order ordinary differential equation with initial value is derived, and the consistence, convergence and stability of the method are proved. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to show that the fractional order linear multiple step method for solving the fractional order ordinary differential equation is an effective method.


For electrodiagnostic assessment of patients with suspected peripheral sacral nerve lesions, sphincter muscle electromyography (EMG) and sacral reflex testing are mainly used. However, it has not been established whether a single test or both tests are necessary in individual patients. The present study aimed to clarify this dilemma.


This paper describes a hybrid meta-heuristic for combinatorial optimization problems with specific reference to the travelling salesman problem (TSP). The method is a combination of genetic algorithms (GA) and greedy randomized adaptive search procedures (GRASP). A new adaptive fuzzy greedy search operator is developed for this hybrid method. Computational experiments using a wide range of standard benchmark problems indicate that the proposed hybrid meta-heuristic is very efficient.


Space-time models have gained an increasing popularity in the last decade which can be explained from one side with the numerous applications related with the environmental and health sciences, from the other side with the increasing computational powers nowadays available. Most of the literature on space-time modelling is motivated by specific applications and each model appears to be unique and have little in common with others, but in general we can recognize two distinct ways of approaching a space-time problem: the prioritizing and the conjoint method. The prioritizing method models the spatial and temporal components separately: it begins by modelling one dimension and then making the parameters of that model depend on the coordinates of the other dimension (Waller et al. (1997)). Prioritizing models are typically hierarchical. The conjoint method models the spatial and temporal components jointly, but modelling a massive joint covariance matrix can become very complicated. Separability or additivity of the spatial and temporal dimensions, when admissible, simplify greatly the problem (Gneiting and Schlather (2001)). The hypothesis of separability in particular allows the spatial and temporal dimensions to be written as product of a purely spatial component and a purely temporal component, for which there are standard and flexible classes of models. Separability is a strong assumption since it underlines that all the locations in space have got the same temporal covariance structure, but we believe that separability allows a non-parametric estimation of the spatio-temporal dependence structure. Many applications in fact are based on classes of stationary spatio-temporal covariance functions, which have the great advantage that allow prediction in correspondence of every location in the space and every instant of time. Nevertheless, while there are heuristic arguments underlying assumptions of stationarity in time series, there is little reason to expect spatial covariance to be stationary over the spatial scales of interest. A Bayesian hierarchical model is proposed on section 2. , while a specific application is presented on section 3. .


Cold compress is a treatment of choice in hydrotherapy in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Hence the present study evaluated the effect of cold compress on blood glucose and Glycated hemoglobin levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. 90 patients were recruited for the study, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were assigned to the naturopathy, control and interventional groups. Subjects were assessed for FBS, PPBS and HbA1C levels on the first day of their admission, FBS and PPBS are again collected on the 10th day and patients are asked to send the HbA1C reports immediately after 3 months of follow-up. The results suggested that experimental group have significantly reduced levels of FBS, PPBS along with HbA1C compared to naturopathy and control group and, naturopathy group has shown more beneficial results compared to control group. Thus, addition of cold compress with Naturopathy treatments, Diet and Yoga augments the therapeutic effects of Yoga & Naturopathy interventions in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.


The current outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, g. 1), causing a respiratory-tract illness, rst started in Wuhan, China, and has been escalating worldwide. The of cial disease name became known as COVID-19 in mid-spring 2020. It shares some characteristics of the SARS virus of 2002–3. Early on, with many cases in Wuhan, China, it was reported that the outbreak had some association with animal markets, which indicated that there was animal-to-person transmission. Like SARS-CoV-1, the suspected animal source of the virus is bats. We have not seen this virus before, and our bodies were not ready for this, nor was the world ready for the pandemic. The microbiology is fascinating; however, the effects on humanity have been heartbreaking as the virus has become widespread. The highly contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2 is greater than the seasonal u, SARS 1, MERS, and most diseases that mankind has encountered since the Spanish Flu (In uenza H1N1) of 1918–19. The transmission of the disease has been found to be human-to-human contact. There is no known vaccine that has been tested beyond Phase 2. Additionally, different treatment options are being tested and used in patients who have COVID-19, but a universally effective treatment of the virus has not been found yet. In this paper, the origin and genesis of COVID-19 are postulated. Additionally, the epidemiological/ecological aspects of the disease and biblical perspective are shared. Lastly, the epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic is projected along with a discussion of the biblical perspective on the plagues and pestilences. Table 1. Fast Facts on the Genesis of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and COVID-19 Pandemic Transmission of the disease is human-to-human contact, usually by droplets. Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that mutate faster than any life-form because they lack proofreading mechanisms in replication. Symptoms may appear 2–14 days after exposure to the virus. Symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and dif culty breathing. 6/18/2020 The Genesis of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and the Origin of the COVID-19 Pandemic | Answers in Genesis https://answersingenesis.org/coronavirus/genesis-sars-cov-2-virus-and-origin-covid-19-pandemic/ 2/14 Figure 2. Worker at the CDC Emergency Operations Center. Image credit: CDC, https://phil.cdc.gov/Details.aspx?pid=23320 A prominent mutation within SARS-CoV-2 that caused it to be a dangerous virus was a new cleavage site for penetration and entry into body cells. This mutation enabled a protease called furin to bind to throat and lung cells, crippling respiratory function. Based on the genetic (RNA) relationship of the speci c coronavirus strain, the horseshoe bat is likely the native host that gave genesis to the novel SARS-CoV-2 in Southern China. A mystery remains as to the exact direct ancestral virus to SARS-CoV-2 from bats. New Diseases and Plagues in Headlines The outbreak of COVID-19, a "new" form of severe acute respiratory syndrome has caused worldwide panic. A new form of a virus that has resemblance to some forms of the common cold in humans was behind the rapidly emerging SARS-CoV-2 phenomenon, according to the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC ( g. 2). The CDC presented strong evidence that this highly contagious coronavirus was, if not the primary cause of the illness, at least a major contributor. The CDC is part of a network of 11 leading international laboratories formed by the World Health Organization, or WHO, which determined a cause as well as treatments for SARS-CoV-2. Not only were CDC researchers able to grow the virus in the laboratory with cultures from two SARS patients but also they found evidence of the previously unknown strain in tissue samples from affected patients (CDC 2020). The viral RNA sequence appears to be a mixture of coronaviruses isolated in bats and humans. Based on current knowledge, the most probable ancestry of the novel coronavirus is natural, i.e., not man-made, but its exact ancestral lineage may remain a mystery. COVID-19 has caused 8 million infections worldwide and about 438,000 deaths globally (mid-June 2020) with about 2 million infections and over 100,000 deaths in the U.S. (Johns Hopkins 2020). These numbers continue to increase daily. Some countries (ex. New Zealand) have minimal infections and deaths, perhaps due in part to strict lockdowns. This is not a new practice or one which originated merely in human intellect. We read in Leviticus 13:46 about controlling infectious diseases by quarantining those who have them. COVID-19 may have dominated the headlines during early 2019–20, but it wasn't the only emerging disease on the WHO's radar screen that year. In central Africa, an outbreak of the dreaded hemorrhagic fever had stretched into months. COVID-19, Ebola, and in uenza—the parade of frightening new maladies continues, each one con rming that our species, for all its cleverness, still lives at the "mercy" of microbes. In fact, over 50 new or emerging diseases have occurred since the 1970s. One of the major contributors to new and emerging diseases is urban sprawl into previously wilderness, jungle, or desert environments. Man and his livestock coming into contact with wild animals and their "germs" results in a mixing of genetic information between the pathogens of domestic animals and wildlife. The viruses, pathogens, and parasites become displaced. Humans then come into contact with their pets and livestock carrying these new "germs," and new strains of disease are born. Scary stuff! How could a once-common virus lead to such terrible consequences? When terrible diseases come our way, believers in Jesus Christ can take refuge in the shadow of the Almighty. Psalm 91:3 says, "For he will deliver you from the snare of the fowler and from the deadly pestilence." Although Christians are not exempt from terrifying diseases, it is true that they can and will nd COVID-19 HAS CAUSED 8 MILLION INFECTIONS WORLDWIDE (MID-JUNE 2020). CHRISTIANS ARE NOT CALLED TO FEAR THESE DISEASES. 6/18/2020 The Genesis of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and the Origin of the COVID-19 Pandemic | Answers in Genesis https://answersingenesis.org/coronavirus/genesis-sars-cov-2-virus-and-origin-covid-19-pandemic/ 3/14 Figure 3. The spread of droplet infections is controlled through N95 masks protect against viruses down to 0.1 μ in diameter; the 95 refers to the ability to lter 95% or more of the airborne particles. Image credit: https://www.vperemen.com, Wikimedia Commons refuge in their Creator as pestilence, plague, and destruction rage. Christians are not called to fear these diseases, but to study and apply all known biblical principles (such as quarantine), to employ effective hygiene measures, and to seek professional medical help in times of crisis. Plagues and Pandemics Not New Deadly plagues are not new to man. We read of deadly pestilence and infectious disease outbreaks throughout the Bible. In the Old Testament, we read about laws that Moses gave and some principles about washing, quarantine, and puri cation that when applied can prevent or control the spread of disease. For years, physicians, priests, pastors, and laymen alike have all been asking, "Why are there new diseases?" Creation biologists and medical scientists alike are asking and trying to answer critical questions, such as: 1. Why do new diseases keep popping up? 2. What is the origin of these new, emerging diseases? 3. How do new human diseases spill over from animals? Man is unable to control many new disease outbreaks in rural, jungle, and desert environments. Most new diseases begin when a person catches something from an animal—a transaction that can be shaped even by weather. The dark side of progress is now unmistakable; many of the advances that have made our lives more comfortable have also made them more dangerous in many ways. So what's to be done? As the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has shown, surveillance is critical. By spotting new infections wherever they occur and working globally in some way to contain them, we can greatly reduce their impact. But is preparedness our ultimate weapon? Do we know enough about the genesis of new diseases to prevent them? Could we avert the next SARS-CoV-2? Or could we stop the next Ebola or pandemic u? What would a reasonable strategy look like? Coronaviruses Coronaviruses were discovered in the early 1930s when an acute respiratory infection of domesticated chickens was shown to be caused by a virus now known as avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The rst human coronaviruses (HCoV) were discovered in 1965. Research with human volunteers at the Common Cold Unit near Salisbury, UK, showed that colds could be induced by nasal washings that did not contain rhinoviruses. More experiments where nasal swabs were inoculated onto cultures of the respiratory tract revealed the presence of enveloped viruses with the characteristic shape of coronaviruses as previously described for causing bronchitis. The term coronavirus (Latin: corona, crown) was named for these viruses re ecting their characteristic fringed (crowned) appearance in the electron microscope after negative staining. Coronaviruses range in size from 80–120 nm (1/10 size of E. coli). The size of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is about 120 nm, or 0.12 μ in diameter. N95 (masks) protect down to 0.1 μ, with 95% ef ciency, which is why such masks have this name ( g. 3). Coronaviruses are now recognized in a range of animal species causing respiratory, gastrointestinal, nervous, and systemic diseases. Coronaviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that mutate faster than any life-form because they lack proofreading mechanisms in replication ( g. 4). In contrast, DNA viruses and other life-forms have proofreading enzymes that check the genome in replication. The COVID-19 pandemic began as a collection of pneumonia cases in December 2019, in Wuhan, China. At rst, the virus was identi


Abstract : This report describes the first optically pumped mode-locked PbS(1-x)Se(x) semiconductor lasers with an external cavity with the following specifications: 1. Observed lasing as high as to 150K, 2. Operated CW mode-locked as low as temperature of 8K, 3. Maximum output average power was 1 mW at 4.1 micro m and 0.6 mw at 4.8 micro m, 4. Wavelength span from 4 micro m - 5 micro m possible, Keywords: Tunable infrared semiconductor lasers, Lead sulfides, Selenides.


GNSS penetration into the mass market will generate new services in particular in urban areas. Some of these applications will need relative accurate positions, not available today in such environment because of masking obstacles that cause signal blockage and positioning errors. The aim of this paper is to introduce the propagation phenomena and the way to compute and process them. Two approaches are introduced that will use the predicted knowledge of the environment and its impact in order to provide better accuracy


In today's society,the absence of the human spirit is a common problem,particularly among college students who,while humanism is not merely a context of ideological and political discipline of education and teaching,university libraries,as the School Library and Information center for teaching and research services at the same timethe cultivation of students' humanistic spirit also play an important role.This paper describes the lack of human spirit of college students lost performance and cause analysis,and library training students to the role of the human spirit and Approaches.


Objective Investigate the clinical nursing path in elderly patients with inguinal hernia perioperative care applications.Methods 80 cases were divided into two groups,were given routine care and clinical nursing path.Results Observation group either in hospital costs,time,or the incidence of complications was significantly lower than the control group,and patients mastered the knowledge and satisfaction was significantly higher.Conclusion Clinical care path is a way to improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction,reduce costs and medical costs patients care model,worthy of wider promotion..


Objective To explore the rational individualized surgical procedure to treat nontraumat-ic and noninflammatory long-segment severe cervical kyphotic deformity in adolescent patients. Methods A retrospective review was made in 12 patients who suffered from long-segment severe cervical kyphotic defor-mity aged 12-19 years from July 2000 to July 2007. The common features in imaging materials were: 1.the top vertebra of kyphosis locating at C4or C5. 2. the vertebrae within the kyphotic curve wedged and interver-tebral space narrowing. 3. MRI showing spinal canal stenosis and dural compression at the top of kyphotic curve. The individual imaging characteristics as following: 1. C1-C2 rotary subluxation in 2 patients. 2. C2 an-terior subluxation in 2 patients. 3. C4-C7 vertebral severe malnutrion in 2 patients. 4. C2-C5 vertebral severe malnutron in 1 patient. 5. C6-C7 disc anteriorly open like trumpet mouth in 2 patients. Results Anterior approach alone in 2 patients, posterior approach alone in 2 patients, posterior approach combined with ante-rior approach in 7 patients, anterior-posterior-anterior approach in 1 patient. The kyphotic angle was correct-ed from average 73 degree to 15 degree. The follow-up duration was 3 months to 6 years, a new kyphosis occurred below the fused segment in 1 patient who was undergone anterior correction alone. The correction rate was not lost in the other 11 patients. The neurological function restored to normal level in 3 incomplete paraplegic patients. Conclusion Individualized surgical approach should be taken to treat long-segment se-vere cervical kyphotic deformity in adolescent patients because the pathogenesis, the degree of deformity, the secondary pathological change are different in every patient.

Key words:
Adolescent;  Cervical vertebrae;  Kyphosis;  Clinical protocols


The social web provides an easy and quick medium for public communication and online social interactions. In the web log, short as a blog, the bloggers share their views in the form of creating and commenting on blog posts. The bloggers who influence other users in a blogging community are known as the influential bloggers. Identification of such influential bloggers has vast applications in advertising, online marketing and e-commerce. This paper investigates the problem of identifying influential bloggers and presents a model which consists of two modules: Activity and Recognition. The activity module takes into account a blogger's activity and recognition module measures a blogger's influence in his/her social community. The integration of activity and recognition modules identifies the active as well as influential bloggers. The proposed model, MIBSA (Model to find Influential Bloggers using Sentiment Analysis), takes into account the existing and novel features of sentiment expressed in content generated by a blogger. The model is evaluated against the existing standard models using the real world blogging data. The results confirm that sentiment expressed in blog content plays an important role in measuring a blogger's influence and should be considered as a feature for finding the top influential bloggers in the blogosphere.


Various activated carbon based electrode materials with different surface areas was prepared on stainless steel based refillable super capacitor model using spin coating. Bio Synthesized Activated Carbon (BSAC), Activated Carbon (AC) and Graphite powder are chosen as electrode materials in this paper. Electrode materials prepared using binder solution which is 6% by wt. polyvinylidene difluoride, 94% by wt. dimethyl fluoride. 3M concentrated KOH solution is used as aqueous electrolyte with PVDF thin film as separator. It is tested for electrochemical characterizations and material characterizations. It is observed that the Specific capacitance of Graphite, Biosynthesized active carbon and Commercially available activated carbon are 16.1F g-1, 53.4F g-1 and 107.6F g-1 respectively at 5mV s-1 scan rate.


Stress fractures of the metatarsal in patients with clubfoot are rare complications. In this paper, we studied roentogenographical findings of ten feet in eight cases with stress fractures of the fourth or fifth metatarsal. Adduction deformities were found to be left in all feet and to be the most important cause of stress fractures of the metatarsal. All of four cases with congenital clubfoot had fractures of the fourth metatarsal, while others whose clubfeet were not congenital had fractures of the fifth metatarsal. This suggsts that underlying disorders have an effect on the stress force acting on metatarsi cliff erencly.


Objective To observe the curative effect of vibroacoustic therapy in relieving spasticity for children with cerebral palsy.Methods A total of 36 cases of cerebral palsy were treated by vibroacoustic therapy and listened to the Jiao Music for 30 minutes.We measured the adductor angle and popliteal fossa angle and foot dorsiflexion angle before and after treatment for three times,calculating an average figure and evaluating muscular tension in addition,and calculated the CSS.Results The score of the Cars measurement was obviously different before and after the vibroacoustic therapy(P0.05),and the angles of most of the children were impoved after the treatment.Conclusions Vibroacoustic therapy can obviously relieve the spasticity for children with cerebral palsy,accordingly improve their limb functions.


Three short reviews by Freud (1904c, 1904d, 1905f) are presented in English translation. Two of the reviews, which are unusually harsh in their criticism, concern books on the subject of neurasthenia. The third relates to a controversial experiment on magnetism. The reviews were not included in the Standard Edition of Freud's psychological works, nor in any of the earlier collections of his writings.


Materials implanted into the human body would nevertheless, cause a local and systemic biological response, even when they are known to be biocompatible. This response is usually material specific and may vary from acute to chronic, and/or mild to severe. Materials implanted into the hard tissue are basically metals, ceramics or polymers and are known to be highly biocompatible. Tissue response to these materials that may cause implant loosening or instability in fracture fixation are recently recognized. The objective of this article is to review the tissue response to such materials implanted into the bone for the better understanding of interactions of the hard tissue and the implant.


Smart homes provide an easier and more comfortable life by controlling lighting, entertainment, temperature, and creating a safety system that can open doors, communicate with the fire department, and light the road. It uses information technology to monitor the environment, control electrical devices, and communicate with the outside world. Now, the world become highly dependent on the Internet in order to facilitate the life in different fields. Smartphones and computers can be connected at every place with internet to control your homes, companies, factors, and markets. In this paper, A smart home system using GSM and IOT is developed.


Ficus religiosa L., Ficus benghalensis L. and Ficus racemosa L. are large evergreen trees found throughout India, wild and cultivated. They are popular indigenous system of medicine like Unani, Ayurveda and Homeopathy. The various parts of the plants like stem bark, fruits, buds, latex are used in treatment of different diseases. The tree legume is prone to various seedling and foliage diseases found in nurseries. This study reported incidence of rust caused by Cerotelium fici on seedling of three Ficus species, maintained in nursery seedling beds of Forest Research and Extension Circle Indore, India.


Rapid growth on new technologies and services in mobile communication leads to stronger competition in spectrum access. As a developed country, Malaysia is also affected by this trend. With the increasing numbers of subscribers, the easier solution for mobile service providers to improve the coverage area is by installing new base station (BS). Nevertheless, this increases the possibilities of interference among BS. Thus, spectrum monitoring is needed to maintain the efficiency of the network and avoid interference. However, the commercial spectrum monitoring tool is not a cost effective enough in the fast pace changing mobile communication environment. Hence, the need for development of a low cost radio frequency (RF) spectrum monitoring tool to identified and monitor interference. This paper aims to highlight the approaches taken in developing an open-source spectrum management tool for Malaysian authority. The simple low cost tool is capable to identified possible interference among BS in Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), 2G and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (IMT), 3G networks as well as capable to display BS cell coverage area.


Purpose of review Mammals have two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent with equal autosomal gene expression. Less than one percentage of human genes are imprinted or show expression from only one parent without changing gene structure, usually by DNA methylation, but reversible in gametogenesis. Many imprinted genes affect fetal growth and development accounting for several human disorders reviewed in this report. Recent findings Disorders include Prader–Willi and Angelman syndromes, the first examples of imprinting errors in humans, chromosome 15q11.2-q13.3 duplication, Silver–Russell syndrome, Beckwith–Weidemann syndrome, GNAS gene-related inactivation disorders (e.g. Albright hereditary osteodystrophy), uniparental chromosome 14 disomy, chromosome 6q24-related transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, parent of origin effects in 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 deletion (Burnside–Butler) syndrome and 15q11-q13 single gene imprinted disorders. Summary Periconceptional and intrauterine life can be influenced by environmental factors and nutrition impacting DNA methylation. This process not only alters development of the fetus, but pregnancy complications may result from large fetal size. Epigenetic processes control imprinted gene functions and regulation with susceptibility to diseases as described. A better understanding of these processes will impact on care and treatment of affected individuals.


In 2007, the distinguished musical theatre scholar Bruce Kirle died unexpectedly in Manhattan. As a tribute to his contribution to this field of scholarship, the Music-Theatre-Dance Focus Group of the Association for Theatre in Higher Education (ATHE) renamed its competitive scholarly debut panel for him. This is now the tenth season in which three prize-winning entries to the competition have been presented both as conference papers (at the 2018 ATHE Conference in Boston) and as articles in Studies in Musical Theatre. Barbara Wallace Grossman, respondent to the papers at the ATHE conference, provides a brief introduction.


Robin Mathew's article on "Malcom's Katie" incorrectly interprets a scene between Katie and Alfred as a sexual assault; however the scene is one of rape only in the etymological sense of "being carried away by force" into the underworld, not rape as a sexual assault.


H&E and TAg-stained sections of the ovary of an advanced stage ovarian tumor in a TgMISIIR-TAg-DR26 transgenic mouse. See Figure 1 in Hensley H., Quinn B.A., Wolf R.L. et al. in this issue of Cancer Biology & Therapy.


Nowadays, increasingly changing environment of both governmental and private organizations entailes the need applying strategic planning to face the changes. This report describes the progress of the first strategic planning of QUMS for the year 2007. Documents, evidence reviews and FGDs were applied in data collection. The data interpretation revealed that 49% of the goals were attained. Meanwhile 83% of the reports of the sub-systems were evidevce -based. During the monitoring the programs. The lack of budget, and human resource together with lack of inter-departmental cooperations were the main obstacles to accompolish the goals. In conclusion, regarding to the first year of the experience the progress seem to be successful.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree to which a sample of public and private schools in Beirut, Lebanon; were catering for Total Quality Management (TQM) in their contexts. The sample of this study consisted of 650 participants: 130 school principals (65 public school principals and 65 private school principals) and 520 teachers (4 teachers from each public school and 4 teachers from each private school). A survey was developed based on an extensive review of the literature. SPSS 21.0 was utilized to analyze data. Results indicate that the vast majority of private school principals considered all TQM components to be effective in their schools. Conversely, all TQM components were perceived as ineffective by the majority of public school principals. All TQM components were considered to be ineffective by the majority of both private and public school teachers. Recommendations for future research and for practice are offered.


The board of supervisors system is a product of the modern enterprise system and an important part of the corporate governance structure. At present, the supervisory function of the board of supervisors has not actually played its role. The main problem is that the connection between the design of the board of supervisors system and the market environment is not in place. This paper analyzes the current problems on the board of supervisors of Chinese companies, and puts forward some suggestions for its obstacles. This paper hopes to strengthen the supervision and restriction of the board of directors and management through these ways. Only by strengthening the power on the board of supervisors can it play a real role.


In order to fully understand and effectively utilize the genetic diversity of Jerusalem artichoke accessions in China. 257 Jerusalem artichoke accessions were analyzed. Among them, 12 quantitative traits had 6%–50% of the coefficient of variation, with a mean of 24.75%, which was the highest in tuber weight per plant (50%) and the smallest in growth period (6%). The diversity index (H') of these 12 traits was 1.24–1.53, with a mean of 1.44, which was the highest in tuber number per plant (1.53) and the lowest in leaf width (1.24). The diversity index of the eight quality traits was 0.85–1.08, with a mean of 0.98, which was the highest in tuber habit and the lowest in tuber uniformity, showing rich genetic diversity in most traits. The subordinate function of 257 Jerusalem artichoke accessions was 0.12–0.58, in which the highest was in JA1095 (0.58) with the obvious advantages of flower number and tuber weight per plant. The correlation analysis of 12 quantitative traits indicated that stem diameter, leaf length, flower and disk size could be used as the main target traits for high yield Jerusalem artichoke varieties breeding in the future. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the seven principal component factors was 66.794%. Among them, the number of flowers, the tuber number per plant, the number of tuber hairs and the smoothness of tuber epidermis were the main factors contributing to the phenotypic difference of Jerusalem artichoke. By cluster analysis, 第 5期 赵孟良等: 257份菊芋种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性 713 257 accessions materials were divided into five categories based on 20 traits,among them class I and class II accounted for 85% of the total germplasm resources. This results can provide an important reference for the utilization of Jerusalem artichoke accessions and variety breeding.


In recent years, bacteriologists have made important contributions to the etiology of arthritis, especially in regard to the part played by focal infections. The large mass of evidence which has gradually accumulated indicates that most cases of arthritis are infectious in origin. In spite of this, however, some practitioners have held to the belief that arthritis, particularly in its chronic form, is an expression of a disturbance in metabolism. The relationship between gouty arthritis and an abnormal purin metabolism gave some ground for this theory, and for many years the various forms of acute and chronic arthritis were supposed to be dependent on the retention in the body of uric acid or some kindred substance. For this reason rheumatic patients were often put on a reduced nitrogenous diet, but the results obtained by this mode of treatment were not encouraging. Pemberton1has advocated a lowered carbohydrate intake for arthritis patients.


This study aimed to evaluate the influence of Integrated Continuous Care on the functional independence of the elderly. This cohort study included participants aged 60 years or older who had experienced a disabling event or disease, and were admitted to rehabilitation in a Brazilian Integrated Continuous Care Unit. The functional gain was evaluated by the Barthel index. Fifty-nine elderly individuals admitted due to a disabling event or disease at the ICCU were assisted from March 2014 to February 2015. Since twenty-two of these were excluded, only 37 participants were evaluated. The mean age of the elderly that were included was 70.41 years (± 1.40) and most of them presented an ischemic stroke diagnosis (64.9%). The total functional gain was 24.05 (± 3.84) points, with an average stay of 32.32 (± 2.18) days. When compared with the degree of dependence on the admission and at discharge, total or severe dependence was identified in 62.2% on admission and mild dependence or total independence was identified in 54.1% at discharge, with a significant decrease in the percentage of the elderly with total dependence between admission and discharge (McNemar test, p = 0.001). At hospital discharge, 70.3% of the elderly had better individual performance in their Activities of Daily Living than at hospital admission and none of them got worse. The multi-professional team-based approach in the Integrated Continuous Care assistance model favors the elderly with gain in functionality and independence. The social network involvement of the elderly lead to their empowerment and co-responsibility along with their family/caregiver in pursuit of the therapeutic goals established together.


Music is something that is encountered by people nearly constantly in their everyday lives. There are also multiple perceptions of what it means for music to be good. We believe one of these factors depends on the accuracy of each note played by the musician. There have been multiple biological studies1 conducted on how the brain perceives music and how the auditory processes in the brain perceives music. There is also a neurological study conducted examining pitch memory in musicians and nonmusicians2. We intend to combine both of these kinds of studies together by collecting various environmental, biological, and psychological factors about our participants. Throughout this paper we will discuss the accuracy of pitch reproduction and its dependency on the above mentioned factors.


In this paper, a new CMOS configuration of ultra low voltage, ultra low power dynamic threshold MOS transistor (DTMOS) based second generation current conveyor (CCII) has been explored. The circuit consists of only eight transistors, each of which is operating in sub threshold region. The proposed circuit is operating at ± 0.2 V power supply and consumes only 1.77μW power. In addition, band pass and band reject filters have been implemented using DTMOS based CCII design. To verify the proposed circuit, PSPICE simulations were carried out using 0.18μm technology.


Problem of inadequate housing faced by poor people around the world has been a matter of concern to governments in various countries especially in the developing world whereby significant portion of the population is mostly   characterized by poverty.  In such countries, the housing problem is not only that of quantity but also of the poor quality of available housing units. Private sector development in the Nigerian housing sector has been a standstill for more than a decade. With few exceptions, the private sector transactions that have taken place have been informal and on the fringe of legality. At the opposite of the spectrum, public sector activity is plagued with many problems. Instead of operating as a social policy, it operates more like a regressive lottery or patronage system. The results have been the simultaneous construction of some of the most luxurious subsidized housing in Africa, and general deterioration in housing conditions of most Nigerians, particularly the housing conditions of the poor. The recorded history of formal intervention into the housing sector in Nigeria dated back to the colonial administration, after the unfortunate outbreak of the bubonic plaque of 1928 in Lagos. This necessitated the establishment of the Lagos Executive Development Board (LEDB). This signifies the ushering of Nigerian public housing programmes intervention; which was during colonial era. The policies are modest with the ultimate aim of addressing the housing problem at a National scale. The policy focus then, was on the provision of expatriate quarters and some selected indigenous staff in Rail ways, Marine, Police and Armed forces. The construction of senior civil servant quarters in the capital city of Lagos and regional headquarters like Kaduna, Ibadan and Enugu are some of the practical efforts made at the same time some form of rent subsidy and housing loans.


alone energy manager's desk reference, used by thousands of energy management professionals throughout the industry. Newly revised and edited, this eighth edition includes significant updates to energy management controls systems, commissioning, measurement and verification, and high performance green buildings. Revised chapters cover motors and drives, HVAC systems, lighting, alternative energy systems, building envelope, performance contracting and natural gas purchasing. Detailed illustrations, tables, graphs and other helpful working aids are provided throughout. Energy Management Handbook, 8th Edition


The mechanical properties tests and metallographic structure analysis were carried out on X80 SAWH pipe and HRC raw material. The result showed that different levels of segregation band distributed in 1/2 and 1/4 position of the raw plate width, along the segregation band distributed rigid and brittle lath martensite and large particles inclusions of titanium and niobium, segregation affects the yield strength and tensile strength of X80 HRC slightly,segregation band appeared severely reduce the raw material impact toughness, change the DWTT fracture, and serious segregation will become the crack source of parent material in explosion test. Finally, it proposed suggestion for reducing segregation band of X80 rolled plate.


Summary: Stereoselective metabolism has been demonstrated for mephenytoin (MHT), R‐MHT being demethylated to the pharmacologically active metabolite 5‐phenyl‐5‐ethylhydantoin (PEH; nirvanol), and S‐MHT undergoing aromatic hydroxylation to 4‐OH‐MHT, with formation of an intermediate arene oxide metabolite. PEH is responsible for the therapeutic effect, whereas 4‐OH‐MHT is rapidly eliminated by the kidneys. The arene oxide metabolite may have implications in MHT toxicity. The metabolism of PEH is also stereospecific. In the present study, the R‐enantiomer of PEH (R‐PEH; R‐normephenytoin) was administered chronically during 8 weeks to four epileptic patients, as a single dose every 3 days. The half‐lives of R‐PEH ranged from 77.7 to 175.8 h, and correlated closely with the creatinine clearance. Mean urinary recovery of R‐PEH was 86.6% of the dose at steady state, with 4‐OH‐PEH accounting for only 5%. This indicates that, unlike Nirvanol (a racemic mixture of R‐ and S‐PEH), R‐PEH is only minimally metabolized, even after several weeks of treatment and despite potential enzymatic autoinduction and heteroinduction by other antiepileptic drugs. Complete blood counts and liver function tests revealed no alteration, and no other adverse effects were noted. If arene oxide intermediate metabolites are indeed involved in the toxicity of MHT and nirvanol, R‐PEH may represent a safer alternative.


The thought of differentiation of syndromes of YIN and YANG in five viscera starts from Huangdi Nei Jing.It is a kind of medical thinking mode which combines materialism with dialectic and constitutes a significant presence in the traditional Chinese medicine theory.Since Nei Jing,later generations of doctors demonstrated the thoughts in Huangdi Nei Jing based on their own clinical experiences,which led to the production of different schools of traditional Chinese medicine.In this paper,the author reviewed the development of traditional Chinese medicine,and also studied academic and clinical experience of major medical schools,such as the school of febrile disease,Liu Hejian school,Yishui school,the school of attacking eviIs,Danxi school,school of thermal and heat tonicity remedies and school of seasonal febrile disease,with their representative doctors,therefore clarified the thought of differentiation of syndromes of YIN and YANG in five viscera in Huangdi Nei Jing played a significant role on the formation of later different schools of traditional Chinese medicine.


The reaction of alumina as a model substance for mineral aerosols with NO2 or HNO3 was studied using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The formation of nitrate on the Al2O3 surface was observed in both cases. In addition, during the initial phase of the NO2 reaction, intermediate nitrite formation was observed. The DRIFTS data provide insight into the reaction mechanism, which involves reaction of surface OH groups, the formation of a {AlOOH···NO2} adduct, and the formation of acidic OH groups. The reaction order in NO2 of 1.86 ± 0.1 was determined from a quantitative kinetic evaluation of a series of experiments with NO2 concentrations in the range of 1013 to 1015 molecules cm-3. The reactive uptake coefficient, γ, was determined from the infrared absorbance, which was calibrated by ion chromatography, and from the Al2O3 Brunauer−Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. γ depended linearly on the NO2 concentration and varied from γ = 7.3 × 10-10 to 1.3 × 10-8 for [NO2] = 2.5 ...


A transmission assessment survey (TAS) has been conducted in 2014 following five years mass drug administration (MDA) of anti-filarial medication in Tangerang district. To assess vector density and transmission dynamic of lymphatic filariasis (LF) after the MDA implementation, entomological surveys were carried out in 2017 from August to September at Rajeg and Kemiri subdistrict. Adult filarial mosquito vectors were collected using double net-trapped human bait method. In addition, habitat characteristics were recorded. Abundance, frequency, and species dominance were analyzed. A total of 4462 mosquitoes from five genera Anopheles, Aedes, Armigeres, Culex and Mansonia were captured at both sites of which Culex quinquefasciatus has the highest relative abundance (n= 3510/4462, 78.75%) resulted in species dominance index of 0.62. The most common Cx. quinquefasciatus breeding site was drainage ditch (n=20/44, 45.5%). Excessive breeding sites may likely preserve the abundance of filarial vector Cx quinquefasciatus in these areas, highlighting the potential risk for the re-emergence of LF transmission. Routine vector control and surveillance is required to continuously monitor the filarial vector density and their habitats.


This work presents for the first time a critical study and translation of the Gandhavamsa or book history of Nandapanna of Burma.


The concept of knowledge city was introduced in this article.A brief review and development of knowledge city were raised.Based on development status of knowledge city in our country,evaluation system which included technological innovation,potential of human resources,knowledge and technology practitioners,cultural and knowledge communications,and the conditions of location was build up.Making the evaluation model as measuring criterion,the KC development of 31 provinces in our country were evaluated by the factor analysis.According to the comprehensive score and five factors of development,31 provinces were analysed by hierarchical cluster analysis method.Holistic and local characteristics of development in our country were summarized.Development mechanism was analysed and development countermeasures were put forward.


One approach for providing fault tolerance is through examining the behavior and properties of the application and deriving executable assertions that detect faults. This paper focuses on transforming the assertions of a verification proof of a program to executable assertions. These executable assertions may be embedded in the program to create a fault-tolerant program. It is also shown how the natural redundancy of the program variables can be used to reduce the number of executable assertions needed. While this approach has been applied to the sequential programming environment, the distributed programming environment presents special challenges. The authors discuss the application of concurrent programming axiomatic proof systems to generate executable assertions in a distributed environment using distributed branch and bound as a model problem.<<ETX>>


The application of computers in marine power systems is becoming more and more extensive, and the network security of marine power systems has become an important part. This paper studies the false data injection attack (FDIA) of the ship's power information physical system. First, it analyzes the objectives and principles of the FDIA attack from the perspective of the attacker and the possible consequences on the power grid. From the technical point of view, it studies two aspects of FDIA attacks, analyzes and summarizes various methods in detection and defense. The FDIA defense model based on deep learning is proposed, and on this basis, the measurement points that need to be protected are confirmed according to the importance index Ik. And its index is applied to the established fake data injection attack detection model based on deep learning, and the accuracy of the two traditional fake data injection attacks is compared. Experiments show that the accuracy of this model is increased to more than 90% compared with traditional algorithms, which can effectively enhance the defense capability of the ship's power system against FDIA.


A nonaqueous coprecipitation process has been developed to prepare controlled stoichiometry lithium cobalt oxide precipitates. The process involved mixing a methanolic "LiCo(NO3)3" solution with a methanolic solution containing tetramethylammonium oxalate as a precipitating agent. The resulting oxalates were readily converted to phase-pure lithium cobalt oxide at 800 °C under an oxygen atmosphere. The various starting solutions, oxalate precipitates, and the resulting oxides have been extensively characterized using a variety of techniques, including multinuclear NMR, TGA/DTA, EPR, and XRD analyses. Results indicate that the strong interaction between the metals (Li and Co) that occurred in solution was maintained during precipitation. The calcined precipitate revealed that the desired LiCoO2 phase was formed at 800 °C under an O2 atmosphere. When electrochemically cycled, the material exhibited an initial capacity of ∼133 (mA h)/g with a fade of 0.02% in capacity per cycle.


The purpose of the study is to assess the service quality in high public education in Albania, using the SERVQUAL approach. Today Albanian public universities are facing fierce competition from private universities, so they find imperative focusing firmly on service quality they offer to students. The paper reports on a modified SERVQUAL survey of students from five public universities in Albania. The survey aims to capture the perceptions and expectations students have about the service they receive in respective universities, leading to an evaluation of overall perceived service quality based on gap analysis. The data analysis reveals interesting findings on students' perceptions of service quality in high education. The universities' management would benefit from these findings by knowing which gap should receive the most attention in order to gain competitive advantage. An improved service quality will also help them to face the competition from other high education institutions. The study confirms the SERVQUAL scale as a suitable tool in assessing service quality in public sector, holding the same strengths as in private sector. The continuous measurement of service quality in universities will help in engaging in a continuous improvement of this quality, creating a good basis for achieving higher objectives. Service quality measurement will also help in creating a market- orientation for public universities, focusing more on the student as a customer.


Linear regression has gained widespread popularity in literature. However, many applications of linear regression have been in situations in which the model data are collinear or 'ill-conditioned.' Collinearity makes it difficult to ascertain the effect of any single variable, produce biased estimates of coefficients for regressors. Although conducting a multicollinearity diagnosis does not solve nor lead to any specific solution of the problem, realizing its potential impact on findings from regression analysis allows a more careful interpretation of data. In this paper, we examine the performance of ratio of standardized regression slope to semi-partial correlation in an ill-conditioned model with some existing methods of collinearity diagnostics. The result shows that ratio of standardized regression slope to semi-partial correlation seem to be more sensitive to the multicollinearity among predictors in the model than the variance inflation factor and condition number methods.


The purpose of the present study is to validate the traffic noise map of the urban zone of the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ), developed by the Universidad de las Americas in 2017. The project's first stage focuses on performing short and long-term noise measurements across the urban territory, taking into account a traffic flow evaluation; whilst analyzing vehicular counts, aimed at verifying the DMQ's road classification scheme, established by the Office for Mobility Planning (EPMMOP). The validation consists of comparing the noise levels estimated by distinct predictive models generated by the simulation software CADNA-A (such as RLS-90, used during the current map construction), against those obtained across the initial stage of the project. Finally, the behavior of the validated model was studied, adapted to the DMQ urban zone characteristics, with the acquired data during the measured period, under a long-term methodology. Due to the sampling process that this project implies, it comes with a statistical analysis. As a result, the behavior of the RLS-90 predictive model is very similar with the swiss STL-86 model; nevertheless, this last one has great advantages at the moment of showing a clear overexposure tendency, beside that of showing a minor absolute error and a low dispersion. On the other hand, the NMPB-08 model generates lower level predictions in contrast with the real measured values. Additionally, the current study contemplated a traffic flow validation, where vehicle counts were made with the purpose of comparing their results with the given information by the Mobility Secretary and, in the future, making an analysis about the level variation in dBA that can arise in the CADNA-A simulation and its influence on the registered data.


A new model of molecular gasdynamics with discrete molecular velocity components has been implemented for parallel computation. When the suitably normalized velocity components can take only integer values and time is discretized for digital computation, the particles travel between a regular array of points in physical and velocity space, and the gas is called a "lattice gas." Calculations of molecular motions are thereby simplified. The outcome of binary collisions between particles is determined by reflections about axes of symmetry in the center-of-mass frame of reference. The procedure speeds calculations of collisions. Of interest is the insight the discrete model provides into complex physical behavior and the effect that physically realistic simplifications have on the accuracy and speed of parallel calculations of a flow.

The equilibrium state of a discrete-velocity gas and the influence of limited velocity resolution are explained. It is found that the equilibrium velocity distribution functions of the present model agree with those of the discrete Boltzmann equation at very low velocity resolution and the continuous-velocity Boltzmann equation at higher velocity resolution. The time development of non-equilibrium velocity distribution functions is presented. The model is applied to unsteady flows involving strong shock waves, heat transfer between solid surfaces, and unsteady shear layer development.

When the model is applied to gas mixtures, numerical experiments show that the required number of values of each component of molecular velocity depends strongly upon the mass ratios of the particle species involved. However, fewer than ten values of each velocity component are necessary to produce results of satisfactory accuracy in calculations of a shock wave in a single species gas. A unique, self-adaptive mesh for parallel computation, used either for the present lattice gas model or earlier direct simulation Monte Carlo (Bird, 1976) models, is described. The mesh balances the load between the processors of the multicomputer and maintains the cell size at approximately a fixed number of local mean free paths throughout the flow field.


The main characteristics of meteor showers associated with Comet Halley were derived from the most recent radar observations carried out at the Ondrejov Astronomical Observatory during the periods of May 1 to 10 and October 15 to 30. The activity variations, the positions of activity maxima, the size distribution of particles, the particle flux variation within the stream and other characteristics were determined and compared with other results.


In labor's 1998 Illinois election, union members consciously focused on class-based economic issues. Most intriguing is the finding that racially conservative white members voted for African-American Carol Moseley-Braun despite opposition to affirmative action. A potentially strong class voting bloc challenges unions to develop ever more effective ways of mobilizing their membership.


A new conservative computational procedure is proposed for calculating the average absorbed energy of electron radiation in objects undergoing radiation processing. Semi-empirical relationships were obtained and software for dosimetry of electron radiation was developed. A comparison was made of the results obtained using the proposed method with the results of known and traditional methods of electron radiation dosimetry as well as with the results of measurements performed at the sterilization center of the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland was carried out.


In recent decades, advanced communications technology, especially in wireless communications and related areas, has been playing an important role in connecting people all around the world. Many new standards and models in wireless transmission, that permit data to be transmitted faster, have discovered and applied. However, there are a lot of technical obstacles in designing communication protocol that still put in front of researchers' eyes as challenges need to overcome. In this thesis, we develop novel schemes through instantaneous amplify-and-forward mechanism of relay channels where higher bandwidth efficiency will be provided. We first review some mathematic backgrounds and references and then use them as tools for further theoretical analyses. Step by step, schemes for instantaneous amplify-and-forward relay channels will be focused. Motivated by transmission model, both single antenna and multiple antennas at related nodes cases are considered one by one. Regarding the relay selections, relays are chosen such that the transmission rates are maximized. Finally, as a part of this thesis we verify the performance of all novel achievable schemes through extensive computer simulation.


The utility model discloses a device which can send out alarm indication when abnormality happens to a grounding system. The condition of the grounding system in a power supply can be monitored and alarmed by the device at any time; for instance, the alarm indication can be sent out in the cases of grounding wire loss, charged ground or reversal of the phase line and zero curve and unless the device is separated from the power source or the malfunction of the power source has got right, otherwise the alarm will not stop. The device is characterized in that a warning circuit is connected between the zero-pole and the earth pole of the input terminal of the power source and a current-limiting resistance is connected between the phase pole and the earth pole thereof. The utility model can be broadly applied in various household appliances and electrical appliances for safety in utilizing electric energy.


In this paper, we present Boost Logic, a charge- recovery circuit family that can operate efficiently at clock frequencies in excess of 1 GHz. To achieve high energy efficiency, Boost Logic relies on a combination of aggressive voltage scaling, gate overdrive, and charge-recovery techniques. In post-layout simulations of 16-bit multipliers with a 0.13-mum CMOS process at 1GHz, a Boost Logic implementation achieves 5 times higher energy efficiency than its minimum-energy pipelined, voltage-scaled, static CMOS counterpart at the expense of 3 times longer latency. In a fully integrated test chip implemented using a 0.13-mum bulk silicon process and on-chip inductors, chains of Boost Logic gates operate at clock frequencies up to 1.3 GHz with a 1.5-V supply. When resonating at 850 MHz with a 1.2-V supply, the Boost Logic test chip achieves 60% charge-recovery


Archaeology is, in its subject matter, part of the humanities, along with history, art history, religion, mythology etc. Its calling lies in the context of studies in the humanities, which round fragmentary archaeologically accessible sources into a sensible whole. Without this wider context, the testimony of archaeology is necessarily distorted.


This study focuses on the spoken discourse among primary school learners. The objectives of the study were to identify and discuss the multimedia components of the program used in order to give awareness towards the Malay folklore. The samples of the study consist of 10 subjects from a school in Melaka. The subjects were given a Malay folklore program. They viewed the program and they were divided into two groups. The groups were given two hours a week for four weeks to discuss the multimedia elements of the program. The interactions were taped and analyzed by using the spoken discourse analysis by Stubbs (1983). The
results of the study revealed that the subjects were able to give their views and opinions based on the layout of the Malay folklore program. It is hoped that further study will focus on other component of multimedia in other genre of Malay literature.


The Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) relates space-mean density and flow, and the existence with dynamic features was confirmed in homogeneously congested urban networks with real data set. Since the MFD represents the area-wide network traffic performances, studies on perimeter control strategies and an area traffic state estimation utilizing the MFD concept has been reported. However, limited works have been reported on real world example from signalised aerial network. This paper fuses data from multiple sources and presents a framework for the development of the MFD for signalised arterial network in the case of Brisbane. Existence of the MFD in Brisbane arterial network is confirmed. Different MFDs are evaluated to discover the spatial partitioning for network performance representation. The findings confirmed the usefulness of appropriate network partitioning for traffic monitoring and incident detections. The discussion addressed future research directions.


In this work velocity and pressure profiles have been calculated for a generic Von Karman Viscous flow pump using a computer code. Moreover the variation of angular velocities and radii of a flat disc and their effects on velocity and pressure profile have been analyzed. Velocity and pressure plots have been generated for different combinations of radii and angular velocities of the disc in order to design an optimum performance viscous pump using Navier stokes equations in polar coordinates. The effect of viscosity on volume flow rate has also been analysed. Thickness of viscous region and its variation with respect to viscosity of the fluid and angular velocity of the disk have also been analysed. The algorithm developed during the research will facilitate scientific researchers to perform calculations to design an optimum pump. The results achieved will help in designing any generic pump working on Von Karman Viscous Pump principle. Such types of pumps find their application in chemical industries as these pumps are very reliable for highly viscous and abrasive fluids. These pumps are also very steady and exceptionally quiet, finding their usage in air moving applications in interior spaces occupied by humans. In the field of medical these types of pumps have gained attention as lots of research is going on for the treatment of single ventricle heart disease where a single viscous impeller pump, working on the principle of Von Karman Viscous Pump, is used for stabilization and supplements cavopulmonary flow.


1. Introduction: Anxiety and Ambiguity in The Representation of Dissonant History. Geoff Cubitt, Laurajane Smith, Ross Wilson Part I: Organizing the Bicentenary: Politics and Policy 2. The Burden of Knowing Versus the Privilege of Unknowing. Emma Waterton 3. High Anxiety - 2007 and Institutional Neuroses. Roshi Naidoo 4. Restoring the Pan African Perspective: Reversing the Institutionalization of Maafa Denial. Toyin Agbetu 5. Slavery and the (Symbolic) Politics of Memory in Jamaica: Rethinking the Bicentenary. Wayne Modest Part II: Representing the Bicentenary: Communities, Consultants and Curators 6. The Role of Museums as 'Places of Social Justice': Community Consultation and the 1807 Bicentenary. Laurajane Smith and Kalliopi Fouseki 7. Science and Slavery, 2007 - Public Consultation. Tracy-Ann Smith 8. The Curatorial Complex: Marking the Bicentenary of the Abolition of the Slave Trade. Ross Wilson Part III: Marking the Bicentenary: Exhibitions, Art and Personal Reflections 9. Making the London Sugar and Slavery Gallery at Museum of London Docklands. David Spence 10. Terra Nova for the Royal Geographical Society: 2007 and the Bombay African Strand Of the 'Crossing Continents: Connecting Communities' Project. Cliff Pereira and Vandana Patel 11. Exhibiting Difference: A Curatorial Journey with George Alexander Gratton the 'Spotted Negro Boy'. Temi-Tope Odumosu 12. Art, Resistance and Remembrance: A Bicentenary at the British Museum. Christopher Spring 13. Maybe There Was Something to Celebrate. Raimi Gbadamosi Part IV: Encountering the Bicentenary: Trauma and Engagement 14. Atrocity Materials and the Representation of Transatlantic Slavery: Problems, Strategies and Reactions. Geoff Cubitt 15. Affect and Registers of Engagement: Navigating Emotional Responses to Dissonant Heritages. Laurajane Smith 16. Commemorating Civil Rights and Reform Movements at the National Museum of American History. Kylie Message


IntroductionThe discussion of access to information is relevant to professions such as library and information science-a profession that values the importance of information-and is based on fostering access and supporting research and innovation. As is the case with professions, such as journalism, library and information science has as its basis the support of the principles of a democratic society, as defined by the founders to include the role of an informed citizenry, which is capable of full participation in society, the support for research and innovation, and some measure of transparency of government.In this regard, full participation in society necessarily includes participation in the political and policy making processes and in overall civic engagement, including informed decision making in these contexts, as well as in the individual's private and professional life. Consistent with the principle of access to information is the concern of the conduct of research for a range of purposes and the presentation of data and the results of analysis in the education and preparation of individuals to be informed consumers to support their full participation in society.Research is conducted by scholars and professionals, such as scientists, as well as humanists and social scientists and journalists, among many others. In the context of a society that has gone from published research in print in monographs and periodicals, including newspapers, and fifteen minute news broadcasts before the Vietnam War to online books, journals, and other web resources, and 24-hour news, from three networks to network, cable, international, and online news and blogs, access to and the scrutiny of research has expanded dramatically. In addition, although research can be produced and presented more quickly, there are also documented examples of flawed research in many forms.With exemplars from a range of sectors and societal contexts, the conflicted position over research from the individual, organizational, and societal perspective can be documented. The rationale for conducting and communicating the results of research, the role of individuals as consumers of research on their own behalf or in their professional roles, the factors that contribute to public apprehension about and mistrust of research, and innovative models of presenting research in the complex environment of the knowledge economy provide the context for this discussion and analysis.Research in SocietyIt is necessary to consider the rationale for conducting research and for communicating the results. To a large extent, the historic basis for the conduct of research was that of testing conventional wisdom and rules of thumb in order to enhance work in organizations, foster scientific progress, and to address societal concerns. In a general sense, research can be defined as systematic inquiry and a search for new knowledge. The purpose of research is to further the understanding of an issue or phenomenon and, potentially, to enhance decision making. Original research, in particular, is intended to answer research questions or test hypotheses. Secondary research, enhanced by some level of analysis, presumably, provides the opportunity for consideration and application of research results in additional areas of inquiry and practice. Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner, authors of the New York Times bestseller Freakonomics, have addressed the role and importance of research, with a particular focus on the value of quantitative research: "Knowing what to measure and how to measure it makes a complicated world much less so. If you learn to look at data in the right way, you can explain riddles that might otherwise have seemed impossible. Because there is nothing like the sheer power of numbers to scrub away layers of confusion and contradiction" (p. 12).A number of current and historical examples indicate the bases for fostering access to research and information, in support of informed participation in society, either through education, the media, or government itself, including public institutions such as libraries. …


Introduction: Hyponatremia refers to the serum sodium levels less than 135 mEq/L, which can even lead to death. Accordingly, the present study compared the effects of intravenous fluid maintenance treatment with different concentration levels of sodium. Materials and Methods : In an investigative study to evaluate children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Bahrami Children's Hospital (2012-2013) which required intravenous fluid therapy and aged one to 14 years were evaluated. They were randomly divided into two groups: fluid treatment with 50 mEq/L (group I) and 100 mEq/L (group II) sodium concentrations. The fluids were calculated according to Holliday-Segar formula. Sodium of plasma [P (Na)] and Urine specific gravity (USG) were measured at the time of admittance (first P (Na) and USG) and 24 hrs after treatment (second P (Na) and USG). Results: 108 children were admitted into the study. Significant differences were noted in the second P (Na) levels and differing of first and second P (Na) (P<0.008 and P<0.011). In the first group, 14 cases and in second three cases were hyponatremia (P (Na) < 135 mmol/L), but they weren't symptomatic during the study. The difference between first and second USG was greater in group I (P <0.023). Conclusions: There was relation between the sodium of the IV fluid and decreased P (Na) concentration in the children who were undergoing intravenous (IV) fluid therapy. There were no Symptomatic hyponatremia cases reported, due to the decrease of P (Na), nor in the 24 hours following the IV therapy treatment.  Keywords : Fluid Therapy; Specific Gravity; Sodium; Hyponatremia


When GPS is applied in highly dynamic spinning situation such as in projectile and trajectory correction fuze,the magnitude of the GPS signal will be modulated and the Doppler frequency shifts of GPS signals will become complicated due to the spinning antenna.As GPS signals in spinning carriers are difficult to collect,to facilitate research in these areas,this paper proposes a software signal simulator based on mathematics modeling and analysis of Intermediate frequency(IF) signals of a single spinning GPS antenna.Based on signals captured by a GPS antenna of a spinning carrier,this paper gives an algorithm of IF signal generation for the spinning carrier by researching carrier's motion model and IF signal parameters.The signal simulator was realized and simulation was conducted,which proved the effectiveness of this method for researching GPS receivers in projectiles or missiles.


The assessment literature on climate change solutions to date has emphasized technologies and options based on cost-effectiveness analysis. However, many solutions to climate change mitigation misalign with such analytical frameworks. Here, we examine demand-side solutions, a crucial class of mitigation options that go beyond technological specification and cost-benefit analysis. To do so, we synthesize demand-side mitigation options in the urban, building, transport, and agricultural sectors. We also highlight the specific nature of demand-side solutions in the context of development. We then discuss key analytical considerations to integrate demand-side options into overarching assessments on mitigation. Such a framework would include infrastructure solutions that interact with endogenous preference formation. Both hard infrastructures, such as the built environment, and soft infrastructures, such as habits and norms, shape behavior and as a consequence offer significant potential for reducing overall e...


There are many sections of the masterly report of Gen¬ eral Marshall issued last week which the American people could and "doubtless will read with great interest. There are certain sections which thoughtful citizens must not fail to study with great care. The full meaning and significance of some of these will be grasped only whenread in conjunction with what appears to be most surprisingly wide¬ spread, if novel, notions about our due part, even our in¬ evitable part, in world affairs from this time forward. From one of these latter we quote: ' v.V"


A simple yet effective method to realize holographic three-dimensional (3D) display by shifted Fraunhofer diffraction has been presented in this paper. After a 3D object is divided into a set of layers in axial direction, these layers are calculated into corresponding sub-holograms by Fraunhofer diffraction. The hologram uploaded on SLM consists of sub-holograms in a tiling approach. Both simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of shifted Fraunhofer diffraction. Detailed analysis of computational cost has also been carried out, and the comparison between shifted Fresnel diffraction and shifted Fraunhofer diffraction in the proposed method has been analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can reconstruct multi-plane 3D object with continuous depth map and the process of 3D modeling is simple, that is the computational complexity is accordingly reduced.


1. Introduction (M. van Oort). 2. GMO and Protein Engineering (X. Liu). 3. Production of Industrial Enzymes (T. Dodge). 4. Asparaginase - an enzyme for acrylamide reduction in food products (B. Kornbrust, M. A. Stringer, N. K. Lange, H.V. Hendriksen). 5. Enzymes in Dairy Product Manufacture (B. Law). 6. Enzymes in Bread Making (M. van Oort). 7. Enzymes Non Bread Wheat Based Foods (C. H.M. van Benschop J. D. R. Hille). 8. Brewing with Enzymes (D. Goode, E. Lalor). 9. Enzymes in Potable Alcohol and Wine Production (A. Bruchmann, C. Fauveau). 10. Enzymes in Fish Processing (S. Benjakul, S. Klomklao, B. Simpson). 11. Enzymes in Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Juice Extraction (C. Grassin, Y. Coutel). 12. Enzymes in Meat Processing (R. Lantto, K. Kruus, E. Puolanne, K. Honkapaa, K. Roininen, J.Buchert). 13. Enzymes in Protein Modification (P. M. Nielsen). 14. Starch Processing Enzymes (M. J. E. C. van der Maarel). 15. Lipases for the Production of Food Components (D. Cowan).


A 58-years-old man is admited in emergency department with complaints of 2-days le flank pain and hematuria. When questioned, he mentions 6-months bilateral low back pain. His medical history was relevant for tobacco consumption (80 pack-year) and acute myocardial infarction in 2011. During abdominal examination, a painless 7 cm mass is detected in the left abdominal flank. Blood tests were remarkable for macrocytic anemia, increased D-dimers and serum calcium levels and leukocytosis. A thoracoabdominal-pelvic CT was performed to exclude advanced neoplasia. A 15×13 cm heterogeneous renal lesion involving the lower half of the left kidney was shown. This lesion extended through the renal vein and suprarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) to the right atrium. Bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism and metastatic lesions in the liver, left adrenal gland, latero-aortic ganglia and lung parenchyma were also detected. A thrombus was confirmed in the IVC with extension to the Eustachian valve by echocardiography. Metastatic renal carcinoma was assumed and enoxaparin was started. A renal biopsy identified clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRC). Embolization of the left renal artery was performed and Palliative Care follow-up was started after multidisciplinary team discussion. Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 2% of all tumors in adulthood with its classic symptomatic triad (flank pain, hematuria, and palpable abdominal mass) occuring only 9% of cases, as does endovascular dissemination from the renal vein and IVC. It is associated with a median survival of 5 months. We emphasize the importance of complete clinical examination and the recognition of poor prognosis predictors of CRCL.


A computer code for $\beta$-spectrum construction of 1300$+$ radionuclei has been created. The tools use the experimental nuclear data adopted and compiled in the ENSDF file and experimental or estimated parameters of shape factors. The final uncertainty on the calculated $\beta$-spectrum branch tries to deal with uncertainties on the radiation probability, the endpoint energy, and the shape factor parameters.


The diploma thesis is focused on project for establishing of long-term nursing care in the University Hospital Olomouc and an application of the cost-benefit analysis for its evaluation. According to the study, the literature research and internet sources, the notes concerning the issues in providing and financing of the long-term nursing care are defined in the theoretical part. Characteristic settings on the regional and national level of medical fields are analysed in the practical part. On the basis of the solutions analysis of the project for establishing of long-term nursing care in the University Hospital Olomouc is proposed and evaluated using the cost-benefit method.


Finite impulse response (FIR) filter plays a pivotal role in digital signal processing, multirate signal processing and speech analysis in the communication field. Implementation of the FIR filter employing MATLAB simulation tool can ease the computational complexity and enhance the filter performance to a greater extent. This review paper is based on the analysis of low pass FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter using different windowing techniques. Rectangular window, Hamming window and Kaiser windows are basically considered for our simulation work . MATLAB programming tools are used to characterize the magnitude and phase response of low pass FIR filter and then analyze the input and output signal in frequency domain as well as time domain for the three window functions under consideration.


We analyzed archival Chandra X-ray observations of the central portion of the 30 Doradus region in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The image contains 20 X-ray point sources with luminosities between 5 × 1032 and 2 × 1035 ergs s-1 (0.2-3.5 keV). A dozen sources have bright WN Wolf-Rayet or spectral type O stars as optical counterparts. Nine of these are within ~3.4 pc of R136, the central star cluster of NGC 2070. We derive an empirical relation between the X-ray luminosity and the parameters for the stellar wind of the optical counterpart. The relation gives good agreement for known colliding-wind binaries in the Milky Way Galaxy and for the identified X-ray sources in NGC 2070. We conclude that probably all identified X-ray sources in NGC 2070 are colliding-wind binaries and that they are not associated with compact objects. This conclusion contradicts earlier studies where it was argued, using ROSAT data, that two earlier discovered X-ray sources are accreting black hole binaries. Five of the 18 brightest stars in R136 are not visible in our X-ray observations. These stars either are single, have low-mass companions, or have very wide orbits. The resulting binary fraction among early-type stars is then unusually high (at least 70%).