PURPOSE: To provide a method by which the diameters of particles can be evaluated and managed nondestructively at a high speed. CONSTITUTION: The mean particle diameter of polysilicon particles is evaluated by measuring the diffraction pattern of light. In order to adjust the field effect mobility of a thin film transistor to ≧200 cm¬2/VS and, in addition, the in-plane fluctuation of the field effect mobility to ≤±10%, the desirable data is fed back to a laser annealing process so that the mean particle diameter becomes ≧500 nm and the in-plane fluctuation may become ≤±20%. Consequently, the diameters of the polysilicon particles can be evaluated non destructively at a high speed. In addition, a high-performance low-temperature polysilicon TFT liquid crystal device having field effect mobility which is uniformly in- plane distributed can be produced stably.


l‐DOPA prolonged treatment leads to disabling motor complications as dyskinesia that could be decreased by drugs acting on 5‐HT1A receptors. Since the internal segment of the globus pallidus, homologous to the entopeduncular nucleus in rodents, seems to be involved in the etiopathology of l‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia, we investigated whether the entopeduncular nucleus is modulated by the 5‐HT1A receptor partial and full agonists, buspirone, and 8‐hydroxy‐2‐(di‐n‐propylamino)‐tetralin (8‐OH‐DPAT) in control and 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐lesioned rats with or without long‐term l‐DOPA treatment.


The goal of the study described here is to determine new criteria for improved target discrimination in areas of hydrothermal mineralization. It is noted that the portion of materials, that is, geological surfaces detected by sensing devices, must be accurately determined before elemental and mineralogical characterization. The depth from which visible-near infrared radiation is reflected from target surfaces depends on composition and fabric. Reflectance spectra are obtained from binary mixtures of hematite, goethite, kaolinite and montmorillonite with a reflecting sphere spectrometer over a wavelength range of 400-2500 nm. The reflection (or absorption) intensity is plotted vs. the sample thickness (determined by scanning electron microscopy) to determine the sample thickness at which absorption saturates. The optical depth is seen to vary as a function of mineralogy and wavelength. In general, the maximum depth from which reflection features are discerned is from 12 to 47 microns measured in the visible-near infrared spectral region.


This community service activity aims to improve the efficiency of cattle farm business in Huta Gondang Rejo Nagori Bandar Tongah Bandar Huluan Subdistrict Simalungun Regency through the use of pellet complete feed based on palm oil fronds and agricultural waste. This activity is conducted on cattle ranchers who are members of the farming community group Huta Gondang Rejo. Farmers are given counseling and training on the processing of palm oil fronds and agricultural waste into livestock feed and the establishment of a complete ration of palm-based pellet and agricultural waste. To facilitate the transfer of this technology to the breeder, then prepared a complete feed pellet with 5 types of machines. Palm Crusher Counter Machines or Palm Crafter Engines with a capacity of 600 kg/hour. Pellet printing machine (granulator) with capacity of 100 kg/hour. Mixer machine (mixer feed) with a capacity of 50 kg/stir. Dryer (Oven) with capacity of 10 kg/rack. Manual press feed press tool with specification 2 kg/print. Measuring the success of this activity is seen from the level of farmer adoption of pelleting technology and the difference of ration conversion between cattle that get complete feed and conventional or traditional. Performance of palm cropping machine for cattle that get complete pellet feed is better than cattle that get conventional or traditional feed. This Chopper machine can count the palm stem from the tip of the base of the leaf to the stem (80% of the palm stem). Through the activities of plant waste feed technology is expected to achieve some outcomes, namely, improve the productivity of farming through the system integration of livestock combine farming system with synergistic system to form an effective, efficient and environmentally friendly.


Responsiveness to interleukin-12, but not interferon-γ, is essential for the generation of long-lived natural killer cells capable of responding to secondary viral infection.


The interaction between nutrition and infection was the subject of important work by several groups in the 1960s. The explosion of knowledge in immunology, including innate immunity, has led to increased understanding of the impact of nutrition on host defence, but much more work needs to be done in this area. In the last decade an increasing volume of work has opened up the previously obscure world of human endogenous flora. This work suggests that the microbiome, the total genetic pool of the microbiota, contributes to the already complex interaction between nutrition and infectious disease. The established concept that nutritional status, host defence and infection all impact on each other now has to be expanded into a multiple interaction, with the microbiota interacting with all three other elements. There is good evidence that the microbiome programmes host defence and drives a metabolome that impacts on energy balance, and indeed on some micronutrients. In turn, host defence shapes the microbiome, and nutritional status, particularly micronutrient status, helps determine several elements of host defence. While interventions in this area are in their infancy, the understanding of interactions that already have an enormous impact on global health is now at a threshold. The present review explores the evidence for these interactions with a view to putting potential interventions into the context of a conceptual framework. In the 1960s seminal work (for example, see Scrimshaw et al. (1) and Mata (2)) defined the concept of the nutrition– infection interaction (3). Understanding of the details of this interaction is still sketchy, but now there are new microbiological insights to fit into the picture. Although Metchnikof, who discovered the macrophage, formed the belief over one century ago that man needs a proper bacterial environment, and that 'good' bacteria may actually promote health (4) , he was in no position to understand the remarkable dynamics of the balance between human hosts and their microbial world, and the microbiome is what drives its activities. It is only now, in the early twenty-first century, that researchers are really in a position to understand the ecosystem that man inhabits and that inhabits man. Only now is it possible to begin to understand that nutrition influences the microbiome and that the micro-biome influences nutrition, that both these forces influence host defence and that host defence may be one mechanism through which the other forces influence each other. The present review explores …


Throughout the summer of 1997, the major tributaries to Otsego Lake were tested for fecal coliform bacteria. Twenty-three sites on Hayden Creek, Shadow Brook, Cripple Creek, White Creek, and the stream on Mount Wellington were sampled biweekly throughout the summer. Following transfer to the SUNY College at Oneonta Biological Field Station, fecal bacteria concentrations were determined using the membrane filter technique (APHA, 1989). Areas with abnormally high concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria indicate the presence of fecal contamination by warm blooded animals, possibly by faulty septic tanks or mismanaged agricultural waste. Through these studies, the source of any problems can be located and corrected..


Information about services, location and hours, contacts, holdings and shelving criteria for books and journals in the Science Library (U2) of the Biblioteca di Ateneo


Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is a promising technique to greatly improve the effectiveness and flexibility of network services through a process named Service Function Chain (SFC) mapping, with which different network services are deployed over virtualized and shared platforms in data centers. However, such an evolution towards software-defined network functions introduces new challenges to network services which require high availability (HA), especially when catastrophic failures happen, such as earthquake and power outage, which may bring a whole data center down. One effective way of protecting the network services from such failures is to use sufficient redundancy, and in particular geographic redundancy so that when the primary VMs in a failed data center go down, the backup VMs deployed at another location can assume the role of the primary. In doing so, however, the efficiency of physical resources may be greatly decreased. To address such issue, this paper defines availability-aware SFC mapping problem and presents a novel online algorithm that can minimize the physical resources consumption while guaranteeing the required HA within polynomial time. Theoretically, we prove the intractability of the problem and our backup VNFs picking approximation algorithm can achieve a normalized relative error of ((e− 1) ×AE(OPT ) + AE(Ø)) /e, where AE(OPT ) and AE(Ø) are the availabilities with an optimal backup solution and without backups, respectively. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can significantly improve SFC request acceptance ratio and reduce resource consumption.


Purpose To describe the management with intracameral recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) of severe fibrin effusion after phacoemulsification, and its prevention with sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implant. Methods A 59-year-old man with chronic HLA-B27–associated uveitis underwent phacoemulsification followed by a sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implant. Results A postoperative severe fibrin reaction was completely resolved after intracameral injection of rtPA. At the time of the phacoemulsification of the fellow eye, a dexamethasone implant was injected 5 days prior to surgery, with no fibrin formation. Conclusions Intracameral rtPA may be successfully used in the management of severe fibrin reaction. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant to control postoperative inflammation may take several days until it achieves high concentrations in the vitreous.


In spring 2004, more than 1,200 teachers and principals in Tennessee participated in online professional development as part of the state's Reading First grant. The opportunity also allowed the state to investigate the possibility of using online professional development to help teachers meet high-quality teacher requirements. Staff at the Appalachia Educational Laboratory (AEL) relied on internally developed instructional design standards and John Keller's ARCS model of motivational design to develop and deliver the online professional development. An evaluation was completed by The CNA Corporation. Gains shown from preto posttest scores indicate that the training allowed participants to make significant gains in content knowledge. Three sources of participant feedback indicate high levels of satisfaction with the content of the training modules.


Studies within sciences such as anthropology and sociology, in which the body and behaviors are examined as cultural signs, can be followed since the 19th century. Evaluation of the subject within folklore and being seen as sub-branches of folklore was realized with the term bodylore, which was coined by the American folklorist Katharine Young in 1989. Body folklore can be thought of as the reflections of the culture to which it belongs to the body of the individual. Tattoos, henna, ornaments, clothes that change the physical structure of the person; piercing applications to certain parts of the body such as tongue, ear, navel, eyebrows, hair and hair-related procedures, today's cosmetic / plastic surgery procedures, etc. All elements are evaluated from a cultural point of view in the studies. It is based on the fact that people do not establish communication, which is one of their basic needs, only with spoken language, but also reflects their feelings and thoughts with their body. It focuses on the temporary or permanent changes that the individual makes on person's body, the cultural basis of person's behavior and the meanings. Cultural interpretations are made by evaluating the concrete indicators observed in the body. Mâni, one of the anonymous products of Turkish folk poetry, is an individual creation at the beginning; they become anonymous depending on time and place. As Fuad Köprülü stated, mâni; It is the oldest and most common form of folk literature, its roots go back to pre-Islamic times and it was the source of folk songs. The fact that mâni reflects this ancient past and the common taste of the people by being adopted by large masses allows it to be evaluated as an important carrier of cultural codes. In the mâni, in which the theme of love and affection is frequently handled, women; It takes place with his physical structure and behaviors, whether he is liked or not, and how he should be treated. In this study, the presence of women in Gagauz mânis was considered from the point of view of body folklore, and it was concluded that the bodily and behavioral elements, which are signs of female beauty, grace and fertility, are considered important.


Background: High quality surgery remains the cornerstone of treating oesophageal malignancy. Recent work from the Dutch Upper-gastrointestinal Cancer Audit (DUCA) has defined ten surgical and perioperative 'textbook' parameters that correlate with improved overall survival. The aim of this project was to examine the proportion of patients attaining 'textbook' outcomes for oesophagectomy in our unit before and after the introduction of national key performance indicators (KPIs). Methods: A retrospective review of all oesophagectomies from January 2010 until June 2019 was performed. Clinical, pathological, perioperative, morbidity and mortality outcomes were recorded. Specifically, 10 'textbook' parameters were studied in the preand post-KPI era. Results: A total of 269 patients underwent oesphagectomy in the study period, 77 pre-KPI and 192 post-KPI. There were no significant differences in age (64.7 vs. 63.5 years, P=0.4), gender (71% male, 29% female vs. 77% male, 23% female, P=0.27), ASA grade (P=0.6) or tumour stage (P=0.37) preand post-KPI. In the pre-KPI era, 8/77 (10%) patients achieved all ten textbook parameters, compared with 79/192, (41%, P=0.001) post-KPI. This compares favourably to DUCA 'textbook' data. There was an improvement in adequate lymphadenectomy (85% vs. 52%, P=0.001), a reduction in margin positivity (7% vs. 18%, P= 0.03) and peri-operative mortality (3% vs. 9%, P=0.02) post-KPI. Conclusions: There has been a significant improvement in perioperative and pathological outcomes in oesophagectomy following the introduction of national KPIs in our unit. The number of patients achieving 'textbook' outcomes is comparable with international standards. The identification of textbook parameters allows further focus for future quality improvement initiatives.


Objective: To explore the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and its relationship with nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) in acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury.Methods: Thirty SD rats were randomized into the normal group,acute edematous pancreatitis(AEP) group,and acute necrotizing pancreatitis(ANP) group.AEP and ANP were induced by the retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into pancreatobiliary ducts.All the animals were sacrificed at 6 h after induction of pancreatitis.Activation of NF-κB in pulmonary tissues was determined with immunohistochemistry.The expression of MIF in pulmonary tissues was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactive(RT-PCR).Myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity was detected by biochemistry and the histopathologic scores of pancreases and lungs was evaluated.Results: The expression of MIF mRNA and NF-κB was low in normal group.And the expression of MIF mRNA,the activity of NF-κB and MPO and the histopathologic scoring of pancreases and lungs in rats of AP model groups increased significantly(all P0.05),especially in ANP group.All the parameters of the two AP model groups were statistically different(P0.05).The expression of MIF mRNA was closely related to NF-κB activation.The histologic scores demonstrated an increasing damage of lung.Conclusion: MIF could be involved in the pathogenesis of sodium taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury and may correlate with NF-κB activation.


Effective video-conferencing conversations are heavily influenced by each speaker's facial expression. In this study, we propose a novel probabilistic model to represent interactional synchrony of conversation partners' facial expressions in video-conferencing communication. In particular, we use a hidden Markov model (HMM) to capture temporal properties of each speaker's facial expression sequence. Based on the assumption of mutual influence between conversation partners, we couple their HMMs as two interacting processes. Furthermore, we summarize the multiple coupled HMMs with a stochastic process prior to discover a set of facial synchronization templates shared among the multiple conversation pairs. We validate the model, by utilizing the exhibition of these facial synchronization templates to predict the outcomes of video-conferencing conversations. The dataset includes 75 video-conferencing conversations from 150 Amazon Mechanical Turkers in the context of a new recruit negotiation. The results show that our proposed model achieves higher accuracy in predicting negotiation winners than support vector machine and canonical HMMs. Further analysis indicates that some synchronized nonverbal templates contribute more in predicting the negotiation outcomes.


Nine Novi Sad maize hybrids from different FAO Maturity Groups were studied at the Experiment Field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad on a chernozem soil during 2001-2003. The experiments were conducted in irrigation conditions with a pre-irrigation moisture level of 60-65% of the field water capacity as well as in natural water supply conditions. In order to maintain the optimum soil moisture level, there were two irrigations in the rainy 2001 (Table 2), four irrigations in the dry 2002, and five irrigations (two emergency ones for plant emergence purposes) in the very droughty 2003. The average yield produced by the hybrids with no irrigation was 9.85 t/ha, ranging from 9.35 in Zenit to 11.33 t/ha in NS-501 (Tab. 8). The average yield also varied according to the year and ranged between 9.21 t/ha in 2003 and 11.96 t/ha in the rainy 2001. The irrigated treatments produced high yields with all of the hybrids. The three-year average was 12.99 t/ha, ranging from 10.88 t/ha in NS-300 to l4.20 t/ha in NS-6010 (Tab. 8). By year, the yield varied between 12.01 and 14.21 t/ha whereas by hybrid the range was 10.05-15,66 t/ha. The largest yield - 15.66 t/ha - was recorded in the hybrid Tisa.


Objective: To investigate the advantages of multi-model MRIs in the diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST). Materials and Methods: 17 patients with CVST (6 men, 11 women; mean age, 42 years, range, 22—67 years) were enrolled in this study, including 7 acute CVST, 8 subacute cases and 2 chronic cases. Routine T1WI,T2WI,FLAIR and DWI were performed in all patients,TOF MRV was performed in 14 cases, enhanced MRI was performed in 11 and SWI was performed in 8 cases. Results: Unenhanced FLAIR and T2WI sequence showed disappeared venous sinus flowing void effect andthrombus in the venous sinus with different signal. DWI showed high signal thrombus in the acute CVST patients (8 cases). The involved venous sinus were not displayed on MRV (14 cases) and showed filling defect on enhanced MRIs (10 cases). Dilated veins in drainage area were demonstrated by SWI (5 cases). Conclusions: Multi-model MRIs including FLAIR, T2WI, DWI, MRV, SWI, and enhanced MRI are verysensitive and useful in detecting the thrombus in the venous sinus and provide information about the pathological evolution.


Abstract Analysis of ditch infill at an early modern burial complex (dating from the 16th century ad) in upland northwestern Thailand was undertaken to assess the role of bioturbation in interpreting palaeolandscapes. Evidence for bioturbation and water percolation is contrasted with AMS radiocarbon determinations and a phytolith sequence. While more than 50% of the sediment column was disturbed by insect activity, the dates and phytolith data suggest soil mixing was localized. By understanding the processes of bioturbation, a distinctive pattern of swidden agriculture over the last 400 years can be distinguished. We conclude that for environments conventionally considered to be prone to bioturbation, the combination of soil morphology and phytolith analysis provides a new and effective measure of the extent of vertical movement in a sediment column.


Social, racial, or spatial segregation is a prelude to every genocide. The creation of ghettos and forced gathering in specific places are critical and significant steps in a process of designation, selection, and exclusion that takes place long before the crime is perpetrated. This segregative planning is typical of the genocidal project, in contrast to spontaneous mass murder: in the case of genocide, there is always a specific group designated as different and then isolated, essentialized, and described as dangerous to the mainstream, in order to justify its annihilation. We intend to describe this process in the case of the Tutsi in Rwanda, where a racialist ideology, imported by the colonizer, constitues the background of several segregative measures which, for 40 years, paved the way for the elaboration and implementation of the genocidal project.


This research aims to strengthen the culture of recycling and reuse from the environmental axiology in the students and teachers of the Jose Francisco Jimenez School, in the parish of Bolivia City of Pedraza state Barinas, under the action research method competitor. Consequently, it was developed in five phases described as: diagnosis, planning, execution, evaluation and systematization. The informants were two (2) classroom teachers, one (1) parents and representatives and two (02) students, belonging to the 6th grade of the aforementioned institution. The technique used for the collection of information was observation and interview, the instrument will be the observation guide for students and an interview guide for parents, representatives and teachers, the validity and reliability of the same was determined through of triangulation. Subsequently, the obtained results allowed to know the weaknesses in relation to the current situation of the garbage in the institution and the community in general. Based on the derivations that were generated, a set of actions aimed at students was developed in order to strengthen the entire content of environmental care in accordance with the new educational policies. In developing and evaluating the study, it was concluded that the actions carried out will be an alternative for students to process information related to the interactions of environmental systems, taking individual and collective actions in the protection and defense of the environment for sustainable development.


Cuticular hydrocarbons are key compounds used for insect chemical communication and their species-specificity makes them of great utility to chemotaxonomists. However, very little is known about their long-term stability in relation to their use as reliable taxonomic tools. We compared the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of fresh extracts from four hornet (Vespa) species with extracts from specimens that were frozen for 1 year and of those stored in insect display boxes for 20 years. Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles were qualitatively very stable, maintaining their species-specific profiles even after 20 years. The long-term stability of cuticular hydrocarbons in hymenopterans opens up the possibility of using museum collections for chemotaxonomy studies and helping with the delineation of species in difficult groups. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96, 732‐737.


Large-scale emergencies, like the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrate pervasive effects across multiple sectors. There is a continually growing body of evidence demonstrating gender and sex differences in COVID-19 disease, as well as its health, social, and economic impacts. While online resources have worked to compile this evidence, there is a need to evaluate and synthesize the available gender-and sex-disaggregated data related to COVID-19. This literature review will systematically assess and compile current literature and evidence from different disciplines. We will include peer reviewed articles, clinical studies and reports


For static optimization of plants a set of optimal inputs u * has to be found minimizing a cost criterion J(x,u,p) under the constraints of model equations f(x,u,p) = 0. These inputs may be design values like volume ratios or easy to control values like feeding rates. But in biotechnology several difficulties may occur [1]. Firstly, the model parameters p are uncertain. For example, during scaling-up a pilot plant has to be designed on the basis of physiological parameters that have been identified only by a few experiments on the laboratory scale. Secondly, some inputs are not as precisely realizable as they should be, like feeding rates that are controlled by up-stream processes. Thirdly, the cost function contains terms that are not exactly known at the time of planning, such as the costs of raw materials or proceeds from products. Nevertheless, it is desirable to make statements about optimal working conditions. This can be achieved by calculating the minimum of the cost criterion

$${{\rm{J}}^*}( \in ) = \mathop {\min }\limits_u {\rm{J}}(x,u,p, \in )$$

as a function of disturbances ∈. For each ∈ an optimal u * (∈) has to be computed. Here three different ways to find these functions are discussed.


Visual recognition of speech using the lip movement is called Lip-reading. Recent developments in this nascent field use different neural networks as feature extractors which serve as input to a model which can map the temporal relationship and classify. Though an end to end sentence level Lip-reading is the current trend, we proposed a new model which employs word level classification and breaks the set benchmarks for standard datasets. In our model, we use convolutional autoencoders as feature extractors which are then fed to a Long short-term memory model. We tested our proposed model on BBC's LRW dataset, MIRACL-VC1, and GRID dataset. Achieving a classification accuracy of 98% on MIRACL-VC1 as compared to 93.4% of the set benchmark by Rekik et al. On BBC's LRW the proposed model performed better than the baseline model of convolutional neural networks and Long short-term memory model as seen in Garg et al. Showing the features learned by the models we clearly indicate how the proposed model works better than the baseline model. The same model can also be extended for an end to end sentence level classification.


Many of the cilia in the oviducts of rhesus monkeys are formed in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and lost in the subsequent luteal phase (Brenner, 1969a). This striking phenomenon has rarely been observed in other species, and its occurrence in human oviducts is a point of dispute. This study was designed to determine whether cyclic shedding and renewal of oviductal cilia occur in a primate species other than the rhesus monkey and to reveal the surface characteristics of the oviductal mucosa in a subhuman primate. Oviducts were removed from Macaca nemestrina females at three specific times during the menstrual cycle and examined by scanning electron microscopy. The fimbriae appeared to be extensively ciliated at midcycle but only sparsely ciliated in the early follicular and late luteal phases. Early in the cycle, large numbers of cells were seen in the process of ciliogenesis, but in the late luteal phase there were signs of ciliary degeneration and shedding. The ampullar epithelium showed similar though less dramatic changes, and the isthmus little change. Long-term ovariectomy caused almost complete deciliation of the fimbrial and ampullar epithelium, but treatment of ovariectomized animals with estrogen for only a few days restored the epithelium to normal. Despite the high degree of variability in the mucosa, it was clear that the oviducts of M. nemestrina, like those of the rhesus monkey, undergo cyclic ciliogenesis and deciliation. The surface features of the oviductal lining in M. nemestrina are described here for the first time.


New self-consistent solutions for beam distribution function in continuos channels with arbitrary applied field are discussed. Both transport and accelerated high brightness beams exhibit the same property: shielding from external field. It gives the universal approach to find stationary self-consistent solution for beam distribution. Particle dynamics in quadrupole channel with higher order components is analyzed. Incorporation of octupole component is not sufficient to suppress beam emittance growth. Better results are obtained utilizing duodecapole component in quadrupole channel. Numerical example of high brightness beam transport with suppressed halo is given. Self-consistent bunch shape in RF field is found which is different from the widely used approximation of bunch by ellipsoid. Equipartitioning in RF field as a result of stationarity of collisionless beam is discussed.


The study presents the initial stage of the development of a scale for measuring the factors that affect and shape the learning experience when playing serious games. A comprehensive literature review revealed a number of studies on educational games. A draft questionnaire was developed on the basis of their results.


The new useful method for the direct determination of trace boron in iron matrix was studied by applying the precipitation of and ICP-AES. Optimum pH range was 11 ~ 12.5. Linear concentration range of boron was in solution as iron.


USE OF THE MOUSE as a test animal for the assay of gonadotropic substances from urinehas been considered by a number of workers (1–5). Evans et al. (1) ob tained good results when applying the method only to assay of estrogens; Hamburger and Pedersen-Bjergaard (2) presented data showing good agreement between assays from two laboratories using different strains of mice and thesame pregnancy urine gonadotropic preparation. Levin and Tyndale (3) found the mouse uterine-weight method satisfactory for the assay of follicle-Stimulating substances from castrate and postmenopausal urine but stated that the method is not so accurate for assay of the hormone from pregnant mare's serum or human pregnancy urine. They gave no data, however, on the assay of pregnant mare's serum hormone or the human pregnancy urine hormone. Preliminary work on both our own laboratory standard and on the International Standard of chorionic gonadotropin indicated that the method might be applied sue cessfully to the assay of pregnancy u...


The authors have compiled and published four sets of textbooks(in eight volumes)on higher engineering mathematics based on the teaching reform experiment.In these new textbooks,the authors have broken through the rules or limits of the original course,organized optimum parts in contents and worked out the new frame of the course system.Therefore,the benificial attempt to modernize the contents and embody the quality education on mathematics is made.


The large size and complexity of Information Technology systems in systematically important banks raise the need for creating an IT governance architecture that could make IT strategy aligned with business strategy and delivers value while it effectively identifies and manages IT risk. This study traces the links between IT governance and two more applied risk management frameworks, COSO and BCBS's principles for managing IT risk. Then it argues due to the magnitude of potential losses caused by any weakness in IT governance in D-SIBs, the assessment of IT governance in these banks should be one of the main concerns of local regulators and supervisors. As a case study, it assesses the relative rank of D-SIBs in Iranian banking system to see where these banks would stand in an ordered list of the banks including both private and public banks in terms of IT governance implementation. The application of the Fuzzy AHP technique shows that IT governance practice in Iranian D-SIBs is not as good as the private banks while it outperforms some state-owned banks. This urges the supervisor for taking some corrective actions.


Contents in the five versions of biology textbooks"homeostasis and environment"are consistent in general.However,some of the contents are inconsistent in the aspects of names,foreign notes,data,times and the compositions of reflex arc and so on.These inconsistencies have a certain degree of enlightenments to middle school teachers,authors and editors of the textbooks.


Schwangerschafts Protein 1 (SP1), being a placental protein appearing in the maternal circulation early in pregnancy, has been investigated as a potential marker for Down syndrome in the first trimester. Our study compared SP1 levels in 15 pregnancies with a Down syndrome fetus and 97 matched controls. Although the median MoM in Down syndrome pregnancies (0·49) was lower than in controls, its use as a marker added very little to the detection rate above the maternal age alone. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


To do the work of students' employment well,university should attach importance to the guidance for their employment.For the students with less favorable conditions and psychological problems,university should pay special attention to them,guide correctly,and recommend them to employers immediately.


In a previous communication 1 toxin-producing staphylococci were brought forward as an important cause of chronic catarrhal conjunctivitis. Characteristic of conjunctivitis believed to be staphylococcic is the failure of locally applied antiseptics to heal it or to rid the eye of the offending bacteria. This failure is believed to be related to the predilection of staphylococci for the skin and glands of the margins of the lids ; here the bacteria are protected from the action of antiseptics and are able to reinfect the conjunctiva. In view of the efficacy of immunization with staphylococcus toxin in protecting rabbits against instillations of toxin which would produce severe conjunctivitis in normal rabbits, 1 an attempt has been made to obtain healing in human beings with conjunctivitis by immunization. Although good results with crude toxin have been reported by Burky, 2 toxoid was employed in the present study because of its greater safety


Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.


Building structures possessing vertical stiffness irregularity with an open ground storey are common in areas of low and moderate seismicity. These types of structures translate back and forth like an inverted pendulum during earthquake shaking, with the columns in the open storey often susceptible to severe damage and collapse. This paper presents an overview of a collaborative research project which has been undertaken by Swinburne University of Technology and The University of Melbourne, Australia. The paper presents outcomes of unique experimental field testing on a four-storey soft storey building in Melbourne. The major aim of the project is to study the load deflection behaviour of soft storey buildings when subjected to lateral loading and to assess the lateral load and drift capacity. The results from the field test will be used to develop a representative seismic performance assessment procedure for soft storey buildings subject to different levels of ground shaking using force and displacement principles.


In order to quickly calculate the buckling load on prismatic sub-stiffened panel in the preliminary design phase, an approximate method, based on some reasonable assumptions, was proposed in this paper. The stability behavior of prismatic substiffened panel with four simply-supported edges was investigated. Three major buckling modes were studied and corresponding buckling loads were obtained with the help of theories of traditional stiffened panel. ABAQUS software was utilized to establish FE models for validation, considering typical combined load-cases. The results indicated that the proposed method can be used to calculate the buckling load on sub-stiffened panel and is of high accuracy.


The book is liberally illustrated with original constructionplans and United States Navy photos, most of which have never been used before. These two rich primary sources reinforce and complement the text. This is not, as has been argued, the story of a fleet of samples. The fleet was built to meet three distinct roles: coast assault; fleet action; and oceanic commerce protection. In the 1870s these roles all required specialist ships. This is a powerful and compelling argument.


Ethnic differences in the use of anti‐asthmatic medication have been reported, with ethnic minorities being at a higher risk of suboptimal asthma control. As contextual socioeconomic characteristics may play a role, we analysed whether ethnic differences in the use of anti‐asthmatic medication among children residing in the Capital Region of Denmark varied by place of residence.


By the employment of a very narrow intense beam of light, the shapes of smooth surfaces may be investigated. The paper describes appropriate experiments, and gives the necessary calculations for regular spherical and cylindrical lens-surfaces; a complete, nearly circular cylinder; and a metal surface of no prescribed figure. The application to glazed porcelain surfaces is alluded to; and it is shown that an accuracy comparable with that of an interference method is attainable by this method.


Eight years after the launch of the Stern Review of the economics of climate change, a new major report on economic growth and climate change (Better Growth, Better Climate) has been published by a Global Commission on the Economy and Climate, chaired by Nicholas Stern. While this comprehensive review of recent evidence has some overlap with the original Stern Review, it focuses more on the short-term costs and benefits of action needed to reduce carbon emissions in specific parts of the economy such as cities, energy and agriculture. Perhaps the most noted conclusion of the report is that policies which governments should be pursuing anyway, because they will reduce pollution, improve health, raise productivity and reduce congestion, will cut carbon emission by between 50 and 90 per cent of what is needed to get to a 2°C pathway. This is an important report that will have considerable influence, although it has had lower public visibility than the original Stern Review. However, it also points to the need for a better understanding of the politics of climate policy, and why the opportunities to adopt policies that have multiple long-term public benefits do not get taken. While Better Growth, Better Climate does have a chapter on the political economy of change, the analysis is limited, and could be deepened by bringing in the growing literature on the politics of climate policy.


This study aims to evaluate the effects of the birth weight of crossbred Moo Lath x Duroc (CMD) gilts on their puberty and first mating age, including the body condition and morphology. The litter size and birth weight of their offspring were also evaluated. Eighteen (18) CMD gilts were selected after weaning and kept in an individual pen 1.5 x 2 x 1 m after puberty. The gilts were grouped into three groups based on birth weight: groups A, B, and C (with <0.7, ≥0.7−0.9≤, and >0.9 kg, respectively). 15 mature purebred Moo Lath (PML) gilts reared by farmers were also involved in this study to compare the morphology between the CMD and PML at first mating. There was no difference in the age and body weight of CMD gilts at puberty and first mating among the studied groups. However, the gilts in group A showed a lower mean age at puberty, and marginally lighter body weight than those in groups B and C. Birth weight showed a significant influence on the backfat thickness at puberty and first mating ( P <0.039 and 0.031). The CMD gilts could have their first mating at 193 days, that is at their 3 rd and 4 th estrous cycle, with approximately 40 kg of body weight, 38 mm of backfat thickness, 90 cm of heart girth, 100 cm of body length, and 51 cm height at wither. The CMD gilts' birth weight did not influence their litter size, but influenced their offspring's birth weight.


Th e presented text is the result of refl ection on the issue of children's artwork and the procedure of valuing the work of children at a younger school age in the process of art education. Th e article outlines considerations on creativity and children's art creation in the context/conceptual context and attempts to present a procedure for the evaluation of children's art creations in terms of the ways of imaging in the conceptual context. Th e study is addressed to researchers and teachers of early childhood education, it is also a voice in the discussion on evaluating student achievements and – according to the author – a stimulus for refl ective educational activities.


In recent years, Germany has significantly increased its share of electricity produced from renewable sources, which is mainly due to the Renewable Energy Act (EEG). The EEG substantially impacts the dynamics of intra-day electricity prices by increasing the likelihood of negative prices. In this paper, we present a non-Gaussian process to model German intra-day electricity prices and propose an estimation procedure for this model. Most importantly, our model is able to generate extreme positive and negative price spikes. A simulation study demonstrates the ability of our model to capture the characteristics of the data.


Nanotubes are one‐dimensional nanomaterials with all atoms located near the surface. This article provides a brief review on the possible growth mechanisms of a series of inorganic nanotubes, in particular, vertically‐aligned (VA) carbon nanotubes (CNTs), boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), and ZnO nanotubes (ZnO NTs).


This introduction seeks to provide a contextual framework for understanding recent developments in the Turkish education system. For this purpose, it reviews some major policy issues such as neo-liberal education reforms and increasing religiosity. Then, the article introduces the various contributions included in this special issue of Comparative Education, and highlights some of the emerging issues and patterns.


Jian yang,a city in North Fujian,was called "the home land of books"in ancient times.From the Song to the Ming and the Qing dynasty,nearly 600 hundred years,the industry of engraving and printing book was booming.It was the oldest and largest block printing centre,the popular books that printed was great both in number and scale in ancient China.Because of the complexity of administrative-setup evolution in north Fujian province in ancient China,some misunderstanding of place-names appeared in the research of "Jian'an edition"and "Jian'an engraving picture".


Energy resources can be classified into three major categories naming fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy (wind, solar, and so on). However, fossil fuels depletion in future makes use of the two other categories necessary. Compared to fossil fuels and nuclear energy, the renewable energy does not only bring no pollution and cause no harm to environment, but also consist of infinite resources. Using COMFAR software and the method of cost-benefit, this article aims to analyze construction of a 25 MW solar photovoltaic power station. Then, it studies the impact of incentives in construction of such a plant in different countries. Results of this study indicate that feed-in tariff incentiveshave the greatest impact on improving financial indexes of the project. The paid tax of an enterprise isalso considered in ranking. It finally shows that financial aids have no effect but on decreasing theinvestor's share of equity.


We propose an automated pipeline for vessel centerline extraction in 3-D computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans with arbitrary fields of view. The principal steps of the pipeline are body part detection, candidate seed selection, segment tracking, which includes centerline extraction, and vessel tree growing. The final tree-growing step can be instantiated in either a semi- or fully automated fashion. The fully automated initialization is carried out using a vessel position regression algorithm. Both semi-and fully automated methods were evaluated on 30 CTA scans comprising neck, abdominal, and leg arteries in multiple fields of view. High detection rates and centerline accuracy values for 38 distinct vessels demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.


To solve the problem encountered when the spraying robot has run out of medicine even though the spraying task on the field is not complete, we developed a spraying–dosing robot group and proposed a collaborative navigation system based on an orchard map. Firstly, we constructed a 3D orchard point cloud map and set up navigation path points on the projected map. Secondly, we developed a master–slave command-based cooperative navigation strategy, where the spraying robot was the master and the dosing robot was the slave. Finally, the spraying robot and the dosing robot completed the cooperative navigation on the constructed map by using the pure pursuit algorithm and D-A control algorithm, respectively. To validate the cooperative navigation system, we conducted field tests on the separate communication and navigation control. The results of communication experiments demonstrated that the packet loss rate was less than 5%, which satisfied communication requirements. The experimental results of the navigation control demonstrated that the maximum value of the absolute lateral error is 24.9 cm for the spraying robot and 29.7 cm for the dosing robot. The collaborative navigation system proposed in this research can meet the automatic navigation requirements of the spraying–dosing robot group for collaborative tasks in traditional orchards.


This paper deals with heat of hydration in a concrete structure at the early age. The influence of temperature on development of hydration heat in the concrete structure is implemented through a fuzzy-logic model of the degree of hydration. The transient heat transfer problem was solved as a three-dimensional finite element simulation. The whole process of calculation is implemented in MATLAB Environment. The result of this work provides temperature distribution in the structure for each time step, the maximum temperature in the structure, and the time when it occurs.


I am writing with regard to my article 'Fighting infection online' (reflections August 31). The RCN's Wipe it Out campaign logo was included in error and the references to the National Resource for Infection Control (NRIC) website were excluded www.nric.org.uk . The NRIC project was funded by the Department of Health and supported by the National Electronic Library for Health.


Intensive Therapy Units (ITU) are becoming established as an accepted part of the hospital scene. They have proved their value in the efficient management of critically ill patients, time and time again. These units have acquired various forms, either specialising in the management of one particular system or acquiring a multi-purpose nature, admitting all critically ill patients. The expert therapeutic routines of such units are well established and the staff usually exceedingly competent in the various services offered. However, when the techniques and staff competence are accepted, there remain the not quite so obvious psychoreactive problems presented by the Intensive Therapy Unit environment on the patients, the staff and the relatives. The following account is a report of observations on the psycho-emotional disturbances presented in an Intensive Therapy Unit over the past one year and the measures which, to some extent, have been found to minimise the incidence of psychoreactive problems amongst the staff, patients and relatives. The psycho-reactive problems encountered can be divided into three groups : (1) The psycho-reactive problems inherent to the admitting disease


Abstract Only about three million people in France have so far received at least one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine. Those aged over 75 are offered either Pfizer or Moderna vaccines in a vaccination center. Older people with pre-existing conditions can now get AstraZeneca's Covid-19 vaccine. We will provide detailed information later. The symposium has experts from 8 countries. We will use an interview and dialog format, instead of presentations (please refer to the program overview).


Off-axis illumination (OAI) technology is widely used to enhance resolution for deep ultraviolet lithography. The realizing methods of OAI include geometrical optics method and physical optics method. However, the former has the disadvantage of weak intensity distribution controlling ability, and the latter introduces simulation errors evidently when dealing with near field diffraction propagation. A diffractive optical element (DOE) designing method using plane wave angular spectrum theory is presented in this paper. Several kinds of OAI modes at near field away from DOE can be realized, and simulation errors and the size of illuminator are also reduced. According to studying the relationships of the sampling point distance of DOE, light beam propagation distance, and the structure of the beam shaping unit, a method of determining the designing parameters is discussed. Using this method, several illumination modes are realized, and simulation results show that all diffraction efficiencies reach up to 84%. The method of DOE manufacturing is analyzed at last, and it is proven to be feasible.


In the paper the fracture mechanisms in ultra-high-strength steel are examined. However, the emphasis is on cleavage fracture, which was observed in the whole temperature range tested. The extent of cleavage depends on the specimen thickness and temperature. The experimental program consisted of tensile and fracture tests and was followed by scanning microscope observations of the fracture surfaces. Then, a full 3D elastic-plastic finite element analysis was carried out assuming finite strains. The numerical results support the postulate that the onset of cleavage jump is observed when the maximum opening stresses become higher than the critical value (the material property at a given temperature) over a distance greater than the critical value (material property independent of temperature). A discussion of so-called 3D stress parameters is presented.


An air compressor is a necessary component on fuel cell electric generators as fuel cells do not pull in air without an external intervention. There are many fuel cell air compression options, each with their own benefits and drawbacks, such as roots-style screw compressors, radial e-compressors, e-turbos with wastegate, and e-turbos with a variable geometry turbine (VTG). Turbocharger turbine wheels for internal combustion engine applications are optimized to maximize exhaust gas enthalpy extraction while limiting centrifugal forces in the blades. In the presence of high temperature exhaust gas, 950–1050° C for gasoline engines, material strength decreases, elasticity increases, and thus induced stresses must be reduced to prevent turbine failure or contact with the turbine housing. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) exhaust gas temperature is significantly lower, in the range of 85–90° C, which enables more degrees of freedom in the design and thereby a higher thermodynamic efficiency of the turbine. This work proposes a variable geometry turbine specifically for the fuel cell environment, and compares system performance through 1-D simulations at a lower-power road load and rated power point, to i) baseline electric compressor (e-compressor), ii) electric turbo (e-turbo) with wastegate turbine, & iii) e-turbo with VTG designed for an IC engine environment. The VTG turbine optimized for fuel cell enthalpy harvesting has 13%-points higher efficiency at rated power compared to that of a typical ICE VTG, a relative increase of 23%. This study finds an optimized VTG e-turbo improves PEMFC efficiency at rated power by 3%, or 1.5%-points, compared to the e-compressor without a turbine.


The article highlights the main stages of formation and development of the Department of maxillofacial surgery and surgical dentistry of Kazan state medical University in 80 years of its activity. The article presents the information about the employees of the Department, starting from the first head of the Department associate professor I.M. Utrobin, the main directions of scientific research conducted under the leadership of the heads of the Department, the results of teaching, research and medical work. Special attention is paid to the achievements and contribution of the department staff to the clinical practice and work of the basic department of maxillofacial surgery in Kazan. The history of higher dental education in Kazan and training of specialists is inextricably linked with the activities of the department, whose representatives have made a significant contribution to the development of the national scientific school of dentistry and practical health care. The study of the history of maxillofacial surgery and surgical dentistry in Kazan, the study of ways and directions of its development, the study of the activity of the heads of the department, their achievements and scientific schools created by them, have traditionally been of interest not only among historians of medicine, specialists of surgical dental profile, as well as students of dental faculties, who decided to devote themselves to maxillofacial surgery or surgical dentistry. Today we are deeply grateful and proud to honor the memory of our teachers and predecessors, those who created Kazan dental school in the period of its formation and rapid development from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day by their glorious work and scientific discoveries.


Summary The Hallstatt area in Austria has a very long history of salt mining, which was frequently interrupted by large landslides. Landslide material filled the prehistoric underground mining chambers and therefore conserved their dimensions. Within several geoelectric measurement campaigns, data from ground surface measurements and from geoelectric profiles in 2 mining tunnels from the 18th century were collected, resulting in a 3D data set of about 80,000 data points. The aim was to track a mining chamber of the Early Iron Age, which has been filled with landslide material. The already existing reconstruction of this mining chamber is based on several archeological excavation points and an interpolation in between. A collapsed mining shaft known from laser scan data has been confirmed beforehand with surface ERT measurements. Due to the high resistive salt rock and the hardness and dryness of the intruded landslide material, the Early Iron Age mining chamber could not be differentiated sufficiently. Instead, results could pinpoint that the mining chambers are following the area of the highest electrical resistivity, which is determined as "Haselgebirge" in geological maps. Therefore, indications of the location of the Early Iron Age mining chamber, where no archaeological finds exists until now, could be given.


Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the largest explosions in the Universe since the Big Bang. The ability to study GRBs has significantly improved thanks to the rapid localization of bursts by the Swift satellite. The AEOS 3.63-m telescope is filling important gaps in the capabilities of the world-wide network of groundbased observatories doing GRB follow-up observations. Here we summarize the status of the field and some of the results obtained by the Rice University CCD imager (RUCCD), one of the instruments used by the MARGE collaboration to study burst afterglows. The RUCCD currently operates in Coudé room 6 of the AEOS telescope. It has eight filter wheel slots, and can perform imaging photometry, spectroscopy, and polarimetry, using exposure times as short as 20 milliseconds. The CCD has a high quality and uniformity, and the focus is good across the whole field of view. Spectroscopy is performed using an imaging-grism and/or imaging-grating system rather than a slit spectrometer. This disperses the spectra of all the sources in the field of view. During the times it is installed in the Coudé room, the RUCCD is thermoelectrically cooled, and is in a permanent state of readiness for making observations.


In software reliability modeling, the model parameters are computed from the test data. By removing the uncertainty of the parameter the uncertainty in the total system reliability can also be underestimated. The reliability of manufactured items often involves performing a life test and examining observed times of failure. The lack of existing failure data from a single test makes modeling difficult. This is overcome by combining entropy principle and Kullback Leibler method. In this paper reliability is tested for Type II censored data by combining Kullback Leibler method and Bayesian method. This paper provides aspects of Kullback Leibler information with the introduction of Weibull distribution and Bayesian method for computing risk in Type II censoring scheme. Kullback-Leibler determines the decomposition of entropy in censoring schemes using the Weibull distribution. The method involves estimating the posterior distribution of the Kullback-Leibler information. In our paper we are computing the reliability of the system and analyses the risk involved. The relative risks due to each cause of failure are investigated. The risk of the censoring scheme is analyzed.


Ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) having different pore geometries was confined in the channels of anodic alumina membranes (AAMs), as a model system, to investigate the adsorption and release of bioactive molecules. These systems allow us to isolate the parameters that play a role in the diffusion of molecules in the mesopores without the complications associated with different external morphologies and particle size. Three mesoporous systems were synthesized within the AAMs, i.e., systems (i) and (ii) with pore diameters of about 4 and 9 nm having a columnar alignment of mesopores, and system (iii) featuring a 7 nm pore system with a circular channel structure. The uptake and release of vancomycin, a large antibiotic molecule (3.2 × 2.2 nm) used in treating osteomyelitis, was studied in these model systems. Calcined samples before and after drug uptake were characterized by SAXS, nitrogen sorption, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was found that columnar mesopores could easily adsorb vancomycin, in increasing amounts with larger mesopore size. In contrast, circular, hardly accessible channels did not allow any drug uptake. Drug delivery profiles were collected, aimed at investigating the first minutes of delivery and delivery behavior at longer time scales. It was found that the pore diameter played a minor role in the diffusion kinetics, while the pore morphology and the diffusional path lengths have profound effects on the release of the drug. Results obtained for these model systems are contrasted with the behavior of two SBA-15 host systems, synthesized in powder form and having spherical and fibrous morphologies. The spherical particles are accessible to the drug molecules, but they take up only a moderate amount of vancomycin based on available pore volume, due to the pore tortuosity and the pore diameter which is similar to that of the vancomycin molecules. In contrast, SBA-15 fibers showed no adsorption capacity towards vancomycin, due to the low accessibility of mesopores which are partially closed at the fiber ends.


Industrial psychologists have continuously devised theories and executives and managers have tirelessly formulated various programmes related to employee motivation. A set of committed, motivated employees is an asset for any organisation – public or private. A well-known fact is that an organisation can emulate almost anything of another organisation except its human resources. How to motivate employees? Can one particular factor motivate everybody equally? Is there any cultural influence on motivating factors? Extensive investigations have been made to address these fundamental questions in the last few decades. This research, which is a sequel to the previous researches, basically aims at identifying the salient motivating factors for Malaysian as well as Omani employees. A detailed comparison has been made on the findings of the motivating factors with regard to the two countries. Finally, managerial implications are highlighted for both the countries.


The aim of this study was to describe and provide an overview of occupational therapy in palliative care. To answer the aim of the study a literature review with systematic and unsystematic search ...


The craze of mass innovation and entrepreneurship has made innovation and entrepreneurship education a compulsory course in colleges and universities, and it is also one of the contents of continuing education for social people. The construction of the university entrepreneurship platform designed in the thesis is mainly composed of the construction of the intelligent manufacturing training center and the development of the intelligent manufacturing online training cloud service platform. The platform mainly serves the development of industry and economy, and conducts forward-looking research on talent training for vocational colleges, enterprises, and the society, joint research on intelligent production training equipment, technical skills training, skills appraisal, and various skill competitions at all levels.


A new numerical methodology combining Fourier pseudo-spectral and immersed boundary methods - IMERSPEC - is developed for fluid flow prob- lems governed by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical al- gorithm consists in a classical Fourier pseudo-spectral methodology using the col- location method where wall boundary conditions are modelled by using an im- mersed boundary method (IBM). The performance of that new methodology is exemplified in two-dimensional numerical simulations of Green-Taylor decaying vortex, lid-driven cavity and flow over a square cylinder. The convergence rate, the accuracy, the influence of the Reynolds number and the external domain size are analyzed. This new method combines some advantages of high accuracy and low computational cost provided by Fourier pseudo-spectral methods (FPSM) with the possibility of tackling complex geometries given by immersed boundary method.


The results of a radio survey of meteor activity at Adelaide are presented. The radiants and activities of six major meteor showers (Geminids, day-time Arietids, ?-Perseids, d-Aquarids, Corona Australids, Orionids) have been measured by methods which are described, and the mass distributions in three of these showers are discussed. Seasonal and diurnal variations in the background activity of sporadic meteors are examined in relation to the radiation patterns of the aerial systems. Height distributions for meteors of three showers (Geminids, day-time Arietids, ?-Perseids) are given. Diurnal variations in the height distribution of sporadic meteors do not conform to those expected from the motion of the apex of the Earth's way.


The 2‐methylaminotetrahydropyran was used as a model to study conformational properties of the N‐glycosidic linkage in glycosylamines. Relaxed two‐dimensional conformational (Φ,Ψ) maps in 20 solvents were calculated by a method in which the total energy is divided into the energy of the isolated molecule and the solvation energy. Molecular geometry optimization has been carried out for each conformer using the quantum chemical method PCILO. The calculated variations of the geometry are consistent with the results obtained by the statistical analysis of available experimental data retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database. The calculated abundances of conformers show that the polarity of the solvent has little effect on the anomeric ratio, and the form having the methylamino group equatorial is favored in all considered solvents.


Studies of Jamie Uys's Gods Must be Crazy films have tended to focus on his pseudo-ethnographic representation of "Bushmen," from primarily Western perspectives, both anthropological and anti-apartheid. This study examines critically the wider corpus of Uys's feature films, especially those employing "Bushmen" characters, in terms of intertextual relations. The article offers the comments of many San viewers of the films and also conveys the perspective of Gao, the main Ju/'hoansi actor. Finally, the study examines responses from the anthropological community to the films.


Area and power consumption are two main concerns for the electronics towards the digitalization of in-probe 3D ultrasound imaging systems. This work presents a 10-bit 30 MS/s successive approximati...


A new diamine, 4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2,6-bis(4-aminophenyl)pyridine, was synthesized and used in the preparation of the fluorinated polyamides with inherent viscosities of 0.67–0.96 dL g−1 by direct polycondensation with aromatic dicarboxylic acids. The obtained polyamides have good solubility in many organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and tetrahydrofuran and exhibited glass transition temperatures between 275°C and 301°C, 10% weight loss temperatures (T d10s) ranging from 502°C to 516°C, and char yields of 51–61% at 800°C under nitrogen atmosphere. Flexible and strong polymer films cast from DMAc solutions showed tensile strengths of 77.4–93.2 MPa, elongations at break of 9.2–14.3%, and initial moduli of 2.06–2.82 GPa. The polymer films also had good dielectric properties with dielectric constants of 3.22–3.50 (1 M Hz) and dissipation factors of 3.20–3.96 × 10−3, and acceptable electrical insulating properties, as well as low water uptake between 1.26% and 1.78%, and high transparency with an ultraviolet–visible absorption cutoff wavelength in the range of 330–371 nm. The remarkable combined features ensure these polymers to be ideal candidate materials for advanced microelectronic industry and other related applications.


[Objective] To prepare specific monoclonal antibodies against salbutamol(SAL) and thus to provide the basis for the immunological detection.[Method] Balb/c mice were immunized with SAL-BSA.Hybridoma strains(SAL mAb) secreting monoclonal antibody against SAL were established through cell fusion.Ascites of SAL mAb were prepared in vivo and the immunological characteristics were observed.[Result] Two hybridoma strains,SAL-2D9 and SAL-1C4,were established,and the indirect ELISA titers of the cell supernatant and ascites were 1∶1×104 and 1∶1×106,respectively.Their isotype was IgG1.The median inhibitory concentration(IC50) of the SAL mAb against SAL was 1.14 ng/ml.It had cross-reactivity of 100% against SAL and 26.09% against clenobuterol hydrochloride,and no cross-reaction was found between the SAL mAb and other SAL analogues.[Conclusion] The high-titer,sensitive and specific anti-SAL monoclonal antibodies have been produced,which makes it possible to develop immunoassay for detection of SAL residues.


Lifetimes of 3s23pk ground configuration levels of Al-, Si-, P- and S-like ions of Fe, Co and Ni have been measured at a heavy-ion storage ring. Some of the observed decay curves show strong evidence of cascade repopulation from specific 3d levels that feature lifetimes in the same multi-millisecond range as the levels of the ground configuration. We identify the foil-stripping process in the ion production as the cause of the cascade level population and assess the importance of specific cascades for the measurement technique.


We target the solution of sparse linear systems via iterative Krylov subspace-based methods enhanced with the ILUPACK preconditioner on graphics processing units (GPUs). Concretely, in this work we extend ILUPACK with an implementation of the BiCG solver capable of exploiting dual-GPU systems. We leverage the structure of the BiCG to execute the main stages of the solver in a concurrent manner, and take advantage of the extended memory space to improve the data access patterns. The experimental results on a server with two NVIDIA K40 GPUs show important acceleration factors with respect to a previous single GPU variant.


This paper presents RaisAware, a collaborative software development tool. RaisAware is one of the few tools aimed to support the long known relationship between software architecture and coordination of work. Our design is based on dependency analysis of software development artifacts and software developerspsila activities. We describe the theoretical and analytical motivations behind this work, detail the design and implementation of RaisAware, and provide recommendations for future work in this direction.


The aircraft flies into the space successfully,involves many basic physical questions. In this paper we study the physical problems of quality change,mass ratio of the system,rising thrust,the calculatioin of required velocity and so on,by making use of the laws of physics and physics concepts,such as the law of conservation of mechanical energy,gravitational potential energy,the kinetic energy of the emission,relative motion etc. In addition,we also calculate the amount of fuel required for obtain the velocity of all directions when the aircraft land on the moon by employing the law of conservation of angular momentum and the concept of centripetal force etc.


Objective:To investigate the effects of Astragalus and Angelica preconditioning on bone marrow stem cell(BMSC) transplantation on angiogenesis in ischemic hind limb of diabetic rats,and its mechanisms.Methods:The BMSCs from rats of type 2 diabetic were incubated with Astragalus and/or Angelica in vitro for 14 days,and then they were transplanted into ischemic hind limb of diabetic rats.Skin blood flow was measured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging system,and the micro-vascular density(MVD) was estimated by alkaline phosphates staining,while the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)was detect by western blot method 28 days after treatment.Results:The skin blood flow,MVD,and expression of VEGF in Astragalus alone group and combined Astragalus and Angelica group were significantly higher than those of Angelica alone group and control group(P0.05 or P0.01).The above effects in combined group were more increased than Astragalus alone group(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion:Astragalus used lonely or combined with Angelica could improve angiogenesis of BMSC transplantation in diabetic rats.The mechanism is related to increased expression of VEGF in BMSC,and it is synergistic effect when combined Astragalus and Angelica.


Target Audience Researchers developing novel microstructure imaging methods that use diffusion MRI, researchers using or developing biophysical simulations for diffusion MR data synthesis. Purpose Monte-Carlo simulation of spins executing random walks in environments that restrict their motion has established itself as an indispensable tool for the development of microstructural imaging methods [1][2][3]. Detailed models of the tissue environment experienced by diffusing spins provide a ground truth against which new methods can be calibrated and tested. A common choice as a model of white matter is randomly-packed parallel cylinders with radii drawn from a gamma distribution. In previous work computational constraints have meant that the size of the region simulated has typically been orders-of-magnitude smaller than a typical scan voxel, limiting realism and statistic power of tissue models. This work describes a technique that allows the size of this region to be greatly increased, allowing simulation regions to be of comparable size to voxels in a human diffusion MRI acquisition. The increased region size and concomitant increase in the number of samples from the underlying cylinder radius distribution leads to reduced variation in synthesized signals without increasing the number of spins simulated. Methods Diffusion is simulated using the approach of [1]. We sub-divide the region simulated into a regular 3D grid of "subvoxels" of a given size and construct a map of subvoxels to the set of cylinders intersecting each one, built dynamically during cylinder placement. The map means that a new object can be identified with the small set of subvoxels it intersects, and so only need be explicitly tested against other cylinders intersecting the same subvoxels, greatly reducing the number of intersection checks required. This map is used to place subsequent cylinders during substrate construction and then used again to aid spin intersection checking during dynamics simulation. Map construction and cylinder placement Cylinders are placed sequentially in descending order of size by picking a random candidate location which is accepted only if the new cylinder intersects no others. Cylinder radius and position allow the set of intersecting subvoxels to be calculated easily. The map then provides set of intersection candidates to check against. If no intersections are detected the new cylinder is added to the subvoxel map, otherwise a new location is generated and the check repeated. Spin-cylinder intersection The subvoxel-to-cylinder map generated during cylinder placement is used during spin dynamics simulation to test for intersection between spins and cylinders. Each step in a spin's random walk can be mapped to a set of subvoxels [4]. Again, intersection is only possible between the step and cylinders intersecting these subvoxels – the rest may be safely ignored. Simulation parameters We perform simulations in environments containing 1,000,000 nonoverlapping parallel cylinders with radii drawn from a Gamma distribution with parameters from [5]. Diffusion is simulated using 100,000 spins and 5000 spin updates. Experiments We investigate optimal subvoxel grid size by comparing runtimes of simulations with different subvoxel sizes and gamma distribution parameters. We then investigate signal variance by synthesizing diffusionweighted measurements using a PGSE sequence over a range of pulse sequence parameters (Δ∈(0.01-0.1)s, |G|∈(0.01-1)Tm, δ=0.01s) with 30 repeats of each simulation. For comparison, we also perform the same experiment with 100 cylinders drawn from the same distribution packed into a smaller spatial region which preserves intracellular volume fraction. Results Fig-1 shows the time taken to construct substrates and execute spin dynamics for simulations with different subvoxel grid sizes. We observe a broad minimum with total runtime effectively flat over a range of subvoxel sizes from half the mean radius to eight times the mean radius. The minimum is particularly pronounced in the cylinder construction phase of the simulation, although the dynamics phase dominates the total runtime. Fig-1 also illustrates the performance gains from the subdivision algorithm: the difference between the best and worst cases is more than an order of magnitude, and both represent a significant improvement over the naïve case. Fig-2 shows the standard deviation in synthetic diffusion-weighted measurements using substrates with (a) 1,000,000 and (b) 100 cylinders as a function of |G| and Δ. In both cases we observe a contour of maximum variance which follows a line of constant b-value, indicating there is an optimal b-value which is sensitive to cylinder radius distribution. The same pattern is observed for other values of δ (not shown), where the change in pulse length acts to shift the pattern in the |G|-Δ plane, but does not qualitatively change it. Fig-2(c) shows the ratio of std devs in (b) to those in (a). We observe an approximately consistent factor of 2.1, which increases by a small amount with increasing diffusion weighting. Std devs in (a) are on the order of 2-3% of the mean, those in (b) are 6-7% of the mean. Discussion & Conclusions Uniform spatial subdivision allows Monte-Carlo diffusion simulations to be performed in much larger spatial regions than previously. We have shown how spatial subdivision subvoxel size may be tuned to achieve an optimal (and significant) performance increase. Our total region size in these experiments is a little over 1.4mm isotropic. Although a little smaller than a typical clinical scan this is nevertheless larger than the 1.2mm voxel size acquired in the Human Connectome Project [6]. Larger tissue regions also mean larger samples from the underlying distribution of axon radii, which we believe is the source of the reduced variation in synthetic diffusion-weighted measurements. The broad minimum observed in total runtime indicates that the technique is relatively insensitive to the particular size of the subvoxel grid over a range of values, making it easy to choose a good size for a given substrate. We also note that there is no reason to limit the application of this technique to cylinder-based tissue models. The same procedure can be applied to any geometric tissue description, including triangle meshes or other primitives such as spheres or tetrahedra. The limiting factor in substrate size is memory – more memory allows a larger substrate. Other, non-uniform, spatial subdivisions exist [4] and under some circumstances are known to have lower memory requirements. The closely-packed substrates considered here, however, contain very little empty space and would not significantly benefit from non-uniform techniques. References [1] Hall & Alexander IEEE TMI 28, 9 (2009) [2] Panagiotaki et al NeuroImage 59, 3 (2011) [3] Drobnjak et al J Magn Reson 212(2) (2011) [4] Slater et al, Computer Graphics & Virtual Environments (2002) [5] Aboitiz et al, Brain Res 598 (1992) [6] van Essen et al NeuroImage 62, 4 (2012) Δ (a) (b) (c)


Mesh structure becomes a widely used NoC topology due to its simplicity,regularity,easy to implement and expand.This paper improved the 2D-Mesh structure.VMesh structure which connects every vertex to each other was presented.A deadlock-free routing algorithm based on this structure was proposed too.Finally,we proved that VMesh structure decreases the network diameter and the ideal average communication delay,increases the ideal throughput by detailed calculations.We also emulated the topology and the algorithm with gpNoCsim simulator and our results demonstrated a certain reduction in the average packet delay and routing hops.


Clinching is one of the important new joining techniques, in which two plate metal parts are locally plastically deformed by mechanical interlock. Clinching is a mechanical joining method by using simple tools that consist of a punch, a die, and a blank-holder. The shapes of these tools are the most important parameters that control the final geometry of the clinch joints which in turn strongly affect the strength and quality of the final joint. In this study, finite element simulations are carried out to investigate some of the difficulties regarding the optimization of the process parameters, and major expected geometric parameters that will influence the strength, joinability, and the quality of the joint.


The reaction of catalytic hydration of stereoisomeric 4-ethinyl-4-oxy-2-phenyldeca-hydroquinolines has been studied. By their selective and complete hydration three have been obtained corresponding 4-vinyland 4-ethyl-4oxy-2-phenyldecahydroquinolines. Hydration velocity depends upon spatial orientation of an ethynyl substituent: acetylene alcohol with an equatorial group is hydrated nearly twice as faster than its epimer with an axial substituent.


Lop Nur is a salt lake in the central part of Eurasia continent. The lake occupied an area of 10,000 km2 at the beginning of holocene epoch and totally dried up in the last century. The study of L-band radar backscattering indicates significant signal penetrating under ground surface. Thus, subsurface information can be extracted from radar images. This paper presents polarimetric decomposition results using ALOS PALSAR data, and established an empirical relationship between multiple scattering and subsurface salinity. Combined with ground surface calcium content retrieved from hyperspectral imaging, as well as precise topographic data from GLAS, some interesting deposition features formed during the evolution is discussed.


Interest in special children who are both disabled and culturally different has been growing for some time. Their first advocates were those concerned about past inequities in assessing and special class placement of black and Hispanic children. More recent advocates have argued for a multicultural perspective in all special classrooms because of the changing nature of the national student population. These two concerns merged five years ago in four organizational statements of accrediting policy and professional standards. The focus of the present study was to determine whether this interest in overlapping the issues of ethnicity and exceptionality has influenced the professional training of special educators. Professional organizations' and accrediting agencies' recent commitment to promoting cultural pluralism in the training of special educators is based, in part, on an understanding that ours is a complex and diverse culture. At the present time, more than 25% of all children in school are culturally different--Hispanic (8.0%), black (16.1%), American Indian (0.8%), and Asian (1.9%) (Grant & Eiden, 1982, p. 43). Increasing evidence indicates that these national proportions are also found in special education. In the High School and Beyond survey of 1980, more than 30% of the sophomores indicated educationally handicapped enrollment10.89% Hispanic, 17.75% black, 1.73% American Indian, and 0.76% Asian (Owings, 1983). Furthermore, surveys from urban districts suggest that even when local ethnic composition differs from national percentages, the local proportions are represented in local special and typical classrooms (Los Angeles, 1983). Four accrediting and professional organizations for special educators have recently addressed these multicultural issues as they relate to professional preparation. The American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education promotes four major thrusts of cultural pluralism (AACTE, 1973). The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education includes a standard on multicultural education for special education programs as well as for elementary and secondary programs (NCATE, 1976). A third group, the Council for Exceptional Children, strongly urges its membership and organizational units to develop a sensitivity, awareness, and insight into the special and unique needs of minority children (CEC, 1978). Finally, the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities suggests that since some LD students will be culturally different, LD specialists need training in both these students' handicapping condition and their cultural and linguistic differences (NJCLD, 1981b).


A natural analogue of the de la Vallee Poussin kernel is considered for Jacobi polynomial series and is shown to be variation diminishing.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in job satisfaction and turnover intention according to the level of Emotional labor and the mediating effect in dental hygienists. Higher levels of emotional labor resulted in lower levels of job satisfaction, as well as higher levels of turnover intention. We used the logistic regression analysis to compare change of job satisfaction, turnover intention according to the level of emotional labor. In logistic regression analyses, social support was the largest mediating factor between emotional labor and job satisfaction and the odds(Likely to with low job satisfaction) was down by 16% after adjustment for supervisor, colleague. In case of turnover intention, largest mediating factor were drinking, physical condition, supervisor, colleague and the odds(Likely to with high turnover intention) was down by 52% after adjustment for mediating factors. The results of this study were as follows. Emotional labor was negatively impact on job satisfaction and turnover intention. To increase the job satisfaction and lower the turnover intention, it is necessary to do more efforts to improve social support(supervisor and colleague) and management personal factor(drinking, physical condition) for the dental hygienists should be made to reduce such negative effects.


We present a practical numerical method for processing the fringes obtained when two waves, with a quadratic phase difference function, interfere. This kind of fringe includes straight equispaced fringes and Newton's rings as particular cases. The numerical method we present is based on the discrete Fresnel (Fourier) transform of the data and has the same precision as least square fitting (LSF). Compared to the LSF method, this new method is better, as it is more efficient and does not require initial approximations for the fringe parameters to be determined.


Using G-monopole invariants, we produce infinitely many exotic non -free actions of Zk H on some connected sums of finite number of S2 S2, CP2, CP2, and K3 surfaces, wherek 2, and H is any nontrivial finite group acting freely on S3.


Natural radioactivity is one of the essential components of the environment. Unlike the Sudety mountains area in Poland, the Tatra Mountains were not the subject of wide survey as regards the levels of natural radioactivity. Especially, the concentrations of radon (natural radioactive gas) have not been investigated there in terms of their possible negative health impact. Within the frame of bilateral cooperation between the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Kraków, Poland, and the Jožef Stefan Institute in Ljubljana, Slovenia, the measurements of natural radioactive elements in old uranium mines in the Tatra National Park were performed in June 2010. The investigated sites were located in Dolina Białego (The Valley of the White). One of the mines is situated near the tourist path. The paper presents the results of complex measurements of natural radioactivity in both uranium drifts. The concentration of radon gas inside the mining drifts exceeded 28,000 Bq m−3. Also, very high gamma dose rates were observed (up to 5600 nSv h−1). The maximum concentrations of natural radioactive elements (potassium 40K, radium 226Ra, thorium 232Th) in rock samples amounted to 535, 2137, and 18 Bq kg−1, respectively. The effective dose rates due to radon and thoron inhalation have been assessed as 0.013 mSv h−1 (for the lowest concentration) and 0.121 mSv h−1 (for the highest concentration).


The design and construction of a signal-acquisition and control platform for its use to control a robotic manipulator is proposed in this work. The system consists of an open-loop architecture robotic arm with DC motors and encoders, whose signals are acquired and processed using a standard PC. This platform can be potentially used for research and teaching purposes. The main contribution is its low-cost modular design with widely available components, which permits to scaling it for manipulators with several degrees of freedom. The performance of the designed system is tested by several experiments with different nonlinear controllers.


Thyroidectomized starlings on long days do not become photorefractory. Four experiments were done to investigate the roles of thyroxine and daylength in the development of photorefractoriness. 1) Pharmacological doses of thyroxine administered to thyroidectomized starlings on long days induced photorefractoriness and molt, whereas the same treatment to birds on short days was ineffective. 2) Maintenance of intact starlings on a daylength long enough to cause full gonadal maturation but not quite long enough to induce photorefractoriness caused no progression toward photorefractoriness; subsequent gonadal regression after transfer to long day days occurred at the same rate as in intact birds transferred directly from short days to long days. 3) In thyroidectomized birds held on long days and then treated with thyroxine, gonadal regression occurred at the same time as in thyroidectomized birds held on short days and then treated with thyroxine while simultaneously being transferred to long days. 4) Thyroidectomized birds held on long days and treated with different doses of thyroxine became photorefractory at the same rate. These results demonstrate that thyroxine does not drive the process leading to photorefractoriness. For photorefractoriness to occur there has to be a temporal coincidence of daylength in excess of a critical daylength and the presence of thyroxine; thyroxine specifically permits the process to respond appropriately to ambient daylength.


Raja Ampat is one of the regencies located in the West Papua Province that has potential coastal and marine island biodiversity as an prospective asset for tourism development. Since the region was declared by the Government as one of the marine tourism destinations, both foreign and domestic tourists started visiting Raja Ampat. Identifying the determinants of length of stay and investigating how far the participation of local community in the development process of marine tourism sector is very essential in sustainable marine tourism in the future. Due to its function  to forecast the length of stay   and to analyse  the carrying capacity of nature-based tourist destination.  The objectives of this research is to examine  which factors that influence the length of stay  of tourist at the locals homestay. The research location was determined by purposive sampling method while the respondents was determined by accidental sampling method. There were 97 respondents that participated in this research which are consisted of 63 foreign tourists and 34 domestic tourists. Multiple regression analysis with Ordinary Least Square  method is used as a data analysing technique. The results showed that the average length of stay of foreign tourists is longer than domestic tourist that is 5 days for international tourist and 3 days for local tourist. Based on the regression analysis, it indicates that tourists age, level of income, and accommodation cost are significantly influenced the length of stay of tourists at the locals homestay.


To investigate the general characteristics of azoospermia patients with AZF deletions, to evaluate the rate of sperm retrieval in infertile men with AZF deletion. Subjects and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 26 men with AZF deletions in nonobstructive azoospermia patients at the Andrology and Fertility Hospital of Hanoi from December 2016 to December 2021. Results: The mean age of the study patients was 32.5±5.03 years old. The youngest is 26 years old, the oldest is 56 years old. The mean time of infertility of the study group was 3.32±1.34, the shortest period of time was 1 year and the longest was 5 years. For cases of AZF deletions, the rate of sperm retrieval in AZFa, AZFb, AZFc deletion was 0%, 54.55% and 42.86%, respectively. Conclusion: This study reinforces the superiority of the micro TESE technique in the group of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia as well as shows the rate of sperm retrieval in each group of AZF deletions. echocardiography, studying left ventricular global longtitudinal strain in breast cancer patients treated AC-TH regimen. Subjects and methods: Follow-up observation containing six times 2D specle trecking echocardiography performances had been done through the AC-TH regimen treatment. The left ventricular global longtitudinal strain (LV GLS) was selected and assessed at those times. The relationship between LV GLS and chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity was also investigated. Results: 33 patients involving the research, in which the age median was 45,6 8,7, 100% female, 84,8% patients having no cardiovascular risk. LV GLS median was - 16,96% 2.95, and -16,09% 3,24 in cardiotoxicity group. It has gradually decreased at the following follow-up times, lowest at T2. There was a relationship between LV GLS and chemotherapy-induce cardiotoxicity with cut-off at -16,05% (95% CI: 0,570 – 0,769). Conclusion: LV GLS decreased at the following follow-up times in breast cancer patients treated AC-TH regimen and it is a predictor of chemotherapy-induce cardiotoxicity in those patients.


The quality of a flexible pavement depends on a large number of factors. An important factor is the quality of bitumen. The changing situation on the international oil-share market, by which both the price of bitumen and the availability of the proper substances are being influenced, has led to the misunderstanding that the existing bitumen specifications are insufficient to guarantee durability. It is made clear that bitumen is still produced according to the specifications and durability requirements. A short description of the production, the constitution and the qualities of bitumen is given. (TRRL)


Abstract Cantilever concreting technology is one of the modern methods of constructing concrete long-span bridges. Characteristic feature of those bridges is the long-term span deflection resulting from the rheological processes in the concrete and in the pre-tensioning steel. It can also be caused by the material deterioration, e.g. concrete cracking, as well as the changes in the bridge structure, such as the support settlements. The aggregate result of bridge exploitation are the changes in its grade line, considered in this paper as the bridge span deflection line. The aim of the paper is the assessment of the internal forces on the basis of the bridge span deformation. Furthermore, an algorithm for the correction of the deflection function determined on the basis of surveying measurements (low precision measurements) is proposed. It is characterized by a significant improvement of the computational results, and it hardly "smoothens" the primary measurement results. The algorithm can be used to analyse the selected part of the bridge structure, e.g. the longest span. The paper proposes a universal coefficient of cantilever deflection, which is calculated on the basis of the cantilever joint moment when the final static scheme of the bridge is created. It can be used for the comparative analyses of various bridges. The value of the coefficient is dependent on the geometry of the cantilever box cross-section only.


Trademark is the mark of the brand and widely used in various types of advertising media and e-commerce sales. As the number of trademarks grows at high speed, efficient trademark image retrieval and management become more and more critical. Traditional trademark retrieval models introduce low-level visual, textual, and labels information for retrieval, but are of relatively poor performance. Recently, benefitting from the Deep Learning model, content-based image retrieval makes excellent progress. Typically, the trademark image contains sufficient semantic visual information. In this paper, we proposed a model named Spatial Feature Collaborative Network (SFCN) for trademarks image retrieval. SFCN fuses AlexNet and Faster R-CNN to extract global and region features, which are used for global and local collaborative retrieval. We conducted extensive experiments on a specific trademark dataset, and the experimental results show that our proposed method achieves better performance than other baseline models. Moreover, our proposed framework has been running in a real-world environment.