Almond has been used as basic ingredients in making of crispy cookies. However, almond nut is not native to Indonesia and usually grows in sub-tropical regions with the highest producer from USA. Therefore, other tree-nut species can be used to replace almond in bakery products especially crispy cookies. One alternative is canarium nut (Canarium indicum L). This research was aimed to determine the exact formulation of canarium nut powder in order to replace almond nut in the making of crispy cookies based on its chemical and sensory characteristics. A Completely Randomized Experimental Design with 5 levels of treatments, i.e: K0: Control (20% almond powder), K1: 10% canarium powder, K2: 20% canarium powder, K3: 30% canarium powder, K4 : 40% canarium powder. Results showed that canarium nut powder could be used as a replacement to almond powder for making crispy cookies. The canarium nut powder of 40% was the best treatment to replace almond powder in order to produce crispy cookies with desired characteristics of moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate content of 0.66%, 1.60%, 6.40%, 23.29%, 1.23%, and 67.82%, respectively. Crispy cookies with 40% canarium nut powder had sensory characteristics of colour, aroma, taste, crispiness, and overall likeness that were slightly better than the control of 20% almond powder.


This paper discusses aspects of the design of a system for diagnosis of common disease that can be detected by the Doctor and patient on entering the symptoms into the system. Before developing the system, an analysis is done by comparing the machine learning algorithms on Disease-Symptom Knowledge data set prepared by New York Presbyterian Hospital of patients admitted during 2004. Based on the analysis the most accurate algorithm is used in the system to achieve the reliability. Also, in this report we will be discussing the hurdles we faced to achieve the required results, as in our project the machine learning algorithms are implemented on the pure text based data set. This project can possibly help doctors and patients as well, as early detection is beneficial for right treatment and early recovery.


The present work focuses on the engineering of diblock elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) that thermally assemble into nanostructures after the application of chemical modifications. The strategy involved the development of diblock ELPs composed of a hydrophobic isoleucine-containing block fused at its N-terminal end to a block containing residues amenable to chemoselective modifications, namely methionine. This particular residue was employed because the orthogonal modification of its thioether group allows for the change of the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance of the diblock ELP and the possible simultaneous grafting of functional ligands. A first generation of diblock ELPs was therefore designed by means of molecular clonings, produced in E. coli, and characterized by chemical methods to further monitor post-modifications. The chemical modifications were applied at the C-terminal cysteine to control the system monodispersity and introduce fluorescent probes, and also at methionine in order to change the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance and introduce reactive groups. The self-assembly of the non-modified and post-modified ELPs was monitored by means of turbidimetry, nanoparticle tracking analysis and dynamic light scattering, which showed that these sequences possessed a transition from monomers to aggregates. To access nanoparticle formation, a second generation of diblock ELPs was developed, the design of which was based on theoretical modeling. The second generation diblocks self-assembled into nanoparticles by means of methionine post-modifications. It is expected that these sequences will contribute to the development of diblock ELP-based nano-formulations.


The occurrence of dental fluorosis and dental carries due to the occurrence of elevated fluorides in groundwaters had been identified and investigated in Gushiegu District of Northern Region of Ghana using an integrated approach involving water quality analysis and petrographical thin-section analysis of rock cuttings obtained from drilled samples from boreholes in the study area. Fluoride concentrations were found to range from 0.05 to 5.8 mg/L, with a mean concentration of 2.18 mg/L. Analysis of samples from 36 wells showed that 11.12% had fluoride concentrations below 0.05 mg/L, 44.44% had concentrations above 1.5 mg/L whilst 44.44% had concentration between 0.5-1.5 mg/L. Petrographical thin-section analyses revealed meta-mudstone, slate/meta mudstone, meta-mudstone/slate and meta-siltstone and carbonate quartz-schist as the rock types. Major rock minerals include quartz, iron oxide clay minerals, carbonates minerals, sericite and opaque whilst lithic fragments and fluorites make up minor minerals components. The range of modal composition of the major mineral components are opaque minerals (35-60%), quartz (20-60%), iron oxide (10-55%), sericite (3- 35%), clay minerals (2-33%) and carbonate minerals (10-20%) with minor mineral components (lithic fragments and fluorite) having less than 1% in all the samples. Sericite appears to be the main mineral associated with the occurrence of elevated fluoride concentration in the groundwaters with carbonate minerals playing a minor role. Dissolution of fluoride into groundwater could be due to the interactions of groundwater with rocks containing sericite and probably carbonate minerals.


Objective To compare the imaging findings of CT non contrast (CTNOC) and CT myelography(CTM) in lumbar intervertibral disk, we proposed a new concept of intervertibral disk flavum ligamentum space(DFLS),analyzed the causes of stenosis in lumbar DFLS and evaluated its diganostic value in compressed lumbar radiculophthy Methods The images of CTNOC and CTM of 83 cases were retrospectively analyzed , and the shapes of L3~S1 disk , the width of flavum ligament at each side, the degree of prominence interior of the joint process superior at each side, and the sagittal diameter of the dural sac in L3~S1 were recorded The relation of these restructions and parameters to DFLS stenosis and the compressed lumbar nerve roots shown in CTNOC and CTM were analyzed Results The herniations or bluging of intervertibral disk were found in 138 level with the diameter of the corresponding dural sac10 mm 53 flava ligaments width 5 mm;67 joint process superior prominament interior 2 mm ; 157 of 83 cases of meanwidth DFLS 3 8 mm Conclusion The DFLS≤ 5 mm can be diagnosed as stenosis The main causes of stenosis are the herniation or bluging of intervertibral disk, flava ligament thicker;and joint process superior prominament interior It can be used as a valuable criterion in diagnosing lumbar nerve root compression in CT study


Students must be informed about what is going on in the United States and the world. They must be able to understand, analyze, and evaluate what they hear and read. Newspaper and magazine editorials are excellent sources of argument and information for class study. Genuine understanding of written material requires thinking during reading. Generally, American students have little understanding of what they read and lack basic information or cultural literacy. Using newspaper editorials, students learn to identify and reconstruct an argument, and to evaluate it. Some techniques of argument analysis must occur at the didactic stage, through lecture. During the tactical stage, students engage actively in group readings and editorial analyses. In the analytic stage, students begin to apply the intellectual skills and abilities which they eventually will be required to use on their own. In the holistic stage, students have the opportunity to exercise and sharpen their new analytic skills in a realistic way. The exemplary stage offers students the instructor as an example of what is expected of the students. The instructor must become adept at thinking aloud and displayipg how to reason things through. Such techniques plunge students into the world of current events while at the same time teaching them critical thinking skills. Fifteen notes are included. Three appendixes (two newspaper editorials and a Hirschean reading exercise) are attached. (SG) ***********a*********************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATFON 011.ce ol Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Th.s document haS been reproduced as received from the petson 0, otgantzation oligtnattng it t 'mot changes have been made to improve qualltv Points of vie* or options slated in this docu mem do not necessanly represent official 0E141 position oi policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" Barbara Forrest Back to Basics: The Use of Newspapers and Other Print Media to Teach Analytic Reading, Writing, and Reasoning Robert Reich, in The Work of Nations, stresses the growing need to educate people to become "symbolic analysts," who specialize in trading on the world market what he terms "the manipulations of symbols--data, words, oral and visual representations."1 He says that Symbolic analysts solve, identify, and broker problems by manipulating symbols. They simplify reality into abstract images that can be rearranged, juggled, experimented with, communicated to other specialists, and then, eventually, transformed back into reality. The manipulations are done with analytic tools, sharpened by experience. The tools may be mathematical algorithms, legal arguments, financial gimmicks, scientific principles, psychological insights about how to persuade or to amuse, systems of induction or deduction, or any other set of techniques for doing conceptual puzzles."2 Reich remarks with dismay upon the insistent demand by those seeking educational refprm that we go "back to basics."3 However, a basic requirement that we absolutely cannot do without, and the importance of which we must impress upon students, is the requirement that they be informed about what is going on in the country and the world. The manipulation of IN9 1'1 1Robert Reich, The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21 st-Centuty Capitalism (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991), 177. \A 2Ibid., 178. 3Ibid., 227.


Large amounts of worldwide unlicensed spectrum at 60 GHz may provide solutions for future short range very high speed wireless solutions. Based on our previous work, we have established antenna targets of 16 dB gain in an area of less than 25x25 mm2 while allowing for a large number of silicon amplifiers to be combined to achieve system performance.


Background and aim: The Kinesio Taping (KT) is being increasingly applied in physical therapy and rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of KT on an early rehabilitation program, in combination with the standard protocol after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: This study enrolled 52 male patients, aged 18 to 45 years, who underwent ACLR with doubled gracilis and semitendinosus tendon (DGST) autograft. The patients were randomized into 2 groups: Group A (the control group) which received a standard rehabilitation protocol, and Group B (the experimental group), which had the same rehabilitation protocol plus the KT application. Pain intensity, range of motion, edema, thigh circumference, Tegner-Lysholm Scale and KOOS scale were measured at the second and fourth week follow-ups. Results: Patients in the experimental group showed significant results during the second week for both pain and edema reduction compared to the control group (p< 0.05). After 4 weeks of rehabilitation, pain intensity in the two groups was similar (n.s.), while edema reduction in the experimental group showed a significant result compared to the control group (p< 0.05). Nevertheless, the other outcomes did not show significant differences. Conclusions: The application of KT after ACLR contributed to relieve pain and reduce edema in the early postoperative rehabilitation period. Other potential benefits of KT on muscle activation and strength should be investigated through a longer follow-up and a targeted test. (www.actabiomedica.it)


A study of CDMA signal processing and its circuit design in GPS receiver are introduced in this paper.The main task of signal processing of GPS receiver circuit is to get symbolic data through the carrier tracking,demodulation,despreading and code tracking of digitalised baseband spread spectrum signal.Emphasis is laid on the functions,theories,algorithms and corresponding circuit designs of the three modules of COSTAS module,code tracking module and frame synchronization related to signal processing in GPS receiver.Through the study,the circuit of GPS receiver being used more and more commonly today can be designed,which has the characteristics of complete functions,universality and high reliability.


The present invention relates to a packaged power transistor device (100), having a lead frame, the lead frame comprises a flat plate (110) and said plate being spaced coplanar flat strip (120), the a first plate having a thickness (110a), and said strip having a thickness less than the first thickness of the second (120a), the sheet and the strip having a terminal (212; 121a). A field effect power transistor chip (210) having a third thickness (210a), the first and second contact pad on the chip side, and the third contact pad on the opposite side of the chip ( 211), the first pad being connected to said sheet, said second pad connected to the strip, and the third coplanar with the terminal pad. The spacing between the terminal and the chip thickness difference (130) between the plates is filled with a potting compound strip, wherein said compound having a surface and the sheet surface (111) coplanar (101), and with the said third pad (211) and a terminal (212; 212a) coplanar with the opposite surface (102), is equal to the distance (104) between the first surface (110a) and third (210a) thickness sum.


We present our results on the analysis of electrical performance of Flip-Chip bonded thin Silicon chip-on-foil assemblies during bending. A custom made bending machine was utilized to bend the test samples and the electrical resistance of the Daisy Chain structures were measured during the tests. Resistance measurements confirmed the failure of the test samples after about 2000 bending cycles.


Aerial optical cable which is parallel to electric power wire generally refers to electric aerial optical cable.It can be classified into metal optical cable and dielectric optical cable two major types according to the materials used.It also can be divided into three types according to the ways of laying,i.e,(electric wire)multiple use type,(eletric tower)additive type and (electric wire)additive type.They are Optical Ground Wire (OPGW),Optical Phase Conductor(OPPC),Metal Arial Self Supporting(MASS),All Dielectric Self Supporting(ADSS),All Dielectric Lashed Cable(ADL)and Ground Wire Wind Optical Cable(GWWOP)respectively.This essay makes an introduction on the types,basic structures and key technologies of thess optical cables.


Diagnosis of osteomyelitis by imaging can be challenging. The feasibility of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) as ancillary sequence was evaluated in this study.


The mechanical properties, morphology, flowing behavior, and brittle-ductile transition of polypropylene/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (PP/EPDM) blends based on dynamic and non-dynamic vulcanization were studied. The results showed that the toughening efficiency of dynamic vulcanization was better than that of non-dynamically vulcanized blends. The particle size of rubber based on non-dynamic vulcanization increased, and the flowability decreased, with increasing EPDM content. The critical matrix thickness in dynamic and non-dynamic vulcanizated blends was about 0. 3 μm and 0.2 μm, respectively, at which the brittle-ductile transition occurred.


A method is described for the alkaline extraction of equine pituitary glands which produced gonadotropic hormone, containing only traces of foreign protein but which was contaminated with posterior pituitary extract. Equine pituitary gonadotropin was found to possess a lower potency than that of serum gonadotropin. When injected into sensitized guinea pigs, equine pituitary gonadotropin did not produce anaphylactic shock.


Abstract : The goals of this research are: to develop a general method describing the relationship between the photophysical model and the fluorescence parameter, to use this general method to evaluate the adequacy of the Birks model in describing pyrene fluorescence, to use this general method to derive a new model which can satisfactorily describe pyrene fluorescence in membrane systems, to use the new model to determine the lateral distribution of pyrene-labeled phosphatidylcholine in membranes, to determine the lateral distribution of pyrene labeled lipids in membranes at high pressures, and to study other membrane phenomena at high pressures.


Objective. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification using intradermal micro‐bubbles and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been recently reported in swine models and patients with breast cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamics of intradermally administered microbubbles as they travel to draining SLNs in pigs. We also performed a detailed study of the passage of microbubbles through breast lymphatic channels in a small group of patients with breast cancer. Methods. Nine anesthetized healthy pigs were used for the study, and 5 female patients with primary breast cancer were recruited. Pigs received intradermal injections of a microbubble contrast agent in several territories to access lymphatic drainage to regional lymph nodes. Patients had periareolar intradermal injection of the microbubble contrast agent. Ultrasound examination was performed in the real‐time contrast pulse sequencing mode with a commercial scanner. Results. Sentinel lymph nodes were identified rapidly (<1 minute) and consistently in pigs. Intradermal microbubble injection and CEUS were found to have perfect concordance with the Evans blue dye method in locating swine SLNs. In all 5 patients with breast cancer, the microbubble contrast agent entered breast lymphatic channels and traveled to draining ipsilateral axillary SLNs within 3 minutes. Conclusions. Intradermally injected microbubbles traverse readily though lymphatic channels in pigs and human breast tissue. The ability to rapidly identify SLNs in the diagnostic period would enable targeted biopsy and may facilitate preoperative axillary staging in patients with early breast cancer.


We extend the concept of two-level fingerprinting codes, introduced by Anthapadmanabhan and Barg (2009) in context of traceability (TA) codes, to other types of fingerprinting codes, namely identifiable parent property (IPP) codes, secure-frameproof (SFP) codes, and frameproof (FP) codes. We define and propose the first explicit non-trivial construction for two-level IPP, SFP and FP codes.


This paper presents the concept and the practical implementation of a switch-mode power driver for the use in Active Magnetic Bearings (AMB). The switch-mode driver consists of a full-bridge capable of operating in 2-level, 3-level, or phase-shifted PWM mode. An optimal digital current-programmed mode controller lays out the foundations to a proximate-optimal, robust, large-signal dynamic response of the system under extreme cases of loading and parameters variations. In particular, the developed power driver is capable of following the desired reference for large inductance variations (due to displacement). The power stage combines a newly developed, efficient, passive-based current sensor that is capable of sensing bi-directional and near-zero currents, while being robust to external disturbances and maintaining simple and efficient structure. Performance evaluation of the power driver has been verified experimentally on a closed-loop design for a single-axis AMB platform using a dual channel prototype, controlled using a single 16-bit, low-cost microcontroller.


e to the Shannon limit. The performance associated with relatively easy
implementation makes this solution very attractive to the digital communicationsystems.
ThisisthecasefortheDigitalvideobroadcastingbysatellite
in the DVB-S2 standard that was the first standard including an LDPC.
This thesis subject is about the optimization of the implementation of an
LDPC decoder forthe DVB-S2, -T2 and -C2 standards. After a state-of-theart
overview, the layered decoder is chosen as the basis architecture for the
decoder implementation. We had to deal with the memory conflicts due to
the matrix structure specific to the DVB-S2, -T2, -C2 standards. Two new
contributions have been studied to solve the problem. The first is based on
theconstructionofanequivalentmatrixandtheotherreliesontherepetition
of layers. The conflicts inherent to the pipelined architecture are solved by an efficient scheduling found with the help of graph theories.
Memory size is a major point in term of area and consumption, therefore the reduction to a minimum of this memory is studied. A well defined saturation and an optimum partitioning of memory bank lead to a significant reduction compared to the state-of-the-art. Moreover, the use of single port RAM instead of dual port RAM is studied to reduce memory cost. In the last chapter we answer to the need of a decoder able to decode in
parallelx streams with a reduced cost compared to the use ofx decoders.


—Fuzzy cognitive map is an approach to knowledge representation and inference; it emphasizes the connections of concepts as basic units for storing knowledge, and the structure that represents the significance of system. One of the most useful aspects of the FCM is its prediction capability as a prediction tool. Little research has been done on the goal-oriented analysis with FCM. In this paper, we propose a methodology for decision support, the method uses immune algorithm to find the initial state of system in given goal state. The proposed algorithm takes the error objective function and constraints as antigen, through genetic evolution, an antibody that most fits the antigen becomes the solution. Finally, an illustrative example is provided, and its results suggest that the method is capable of goal-oriented decision support.


ABSTRACT The contemporary community archives movement is described as a grassroots social movement that evolved out of social, political and cultural change in the 1960s and 70s in the U.K. What is Australia's community archives story? In this exploratory essay, I set out to identify and examine who is talking about community archives in Australia and what they are (and are not) saying about it. Drawing from evidence obtained from web and literature searches, this paper highlights the complexity around the conversation about community archives in Australia.


It is crucial for a company such as Netsiel, a leader of re-engineering services in Italy, to introduce architectural solutions that take account of the more varied customer requirements. Netsiel's architecture for re-platforming client/server applications, is composed of the following components: a presentation component implemented through a Java Applet shown inside the more diffuse Web browsers; a Web server component used for start-up and application deployment; an application/transaction server; and a communication component.


The synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3- c ]pyrazoles continues to be an object of attention among organic chemists, due to their diverse bioactivity profiles, which include action as therapeutic agents. 1 The compounds are potential inhibitors of human Chk1 kinase, 2 and they have anticancer, 3 molluscicidal 4 and antimicrobial 5 properties. There are numerous approaches for synthesizing these valuable compounds using such catalysts as theophylline, 6 ZrO 2 nanoparticles, 7 choline chloride/urea deep eutectic mixtures, 8 caffeine, 9 molecular sieves, 10 meglumine, 11 CAPB, 12 L-proline/KF-alumina, 13 lipase ANL, 14 Na 2 eosin Y, 15 bovine serum albumin, 16 b -cyclodextrin, 17 morpholine tri-flate, 18 TPSPPTNM, 19 [Dabco-H][AcO] 20 and DABCO. 21 Each of these methods has its own value, but finding environmentally friendly and greener approaches for synthesizing dihydropyrano[2,3- c ]pyrazoles will be increasingly important. In this vein, our own work has been aimed at developing green synthetic processes. 22,23 We here report a solvent-free environmentally friendly synthesis of the title compounds through the use of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (Figure 1) as a green, recyclable, and biodegradable catalyst (Scheme 1). 24,25 The reaction is envisioned as taking place through the tandem Knoevenagel-Michael cyclocondensation of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aryl aldehydes and malononitrile using CMC as catalyst. The catalytic activity of CMC for the process was first examined in a model system


There is evidence that computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) can be used to improve radiologists' performance. However, one of the potential drawbacks of CAD is that a computer-detected false positive may induce a false positive by a radiologist. To examine this issue, we performed two experiments to compare radiologists' false positives with those of the computer and to determine radiologists' ability to discriminate between the computer's true- and false-positive detections. In the first experiment, radiologists were shown 50 mammograms and on each film were asked to indicate 3 regions that could contain clustered microcalcifications, and using a 100-point scale, to give their level of confidence that microcalcifications were present in the region. In the second experiment, the radiologists were shown regions-of-interest, printed on film, containing either a computer-detected true cluster or a computer- detected false positive. The radiologists gave their confidence that there were actual clustered microcalcifications present. There was less than 1% overlap between false positives by the computer and radiologists. Furthermore, based on ROC analysis, radiologists were able to discriminate between computer true and false positives.


The invention relates to embodiments of high-resolution flight mass spectrometers with special reflectors. The invention provides ideal energy and raumwinkelfokussierende reflectors based on Cassini ion traps ready for the flight mass spectrometer and proposes to form a part of the route of flight mass spectrometer as Cassini reflector. to make this Cassini reflector through in a time-of relatively low energy with kinetic energies below one or two kilo-electron volt is particularly favorable. This results in additive to Flugzeit the rest Flugstrecken a long massendispersive Laufzeit without Energiestreuung that Winkelstreuung or Zeitfehler the ions each of mass to increase. It can be a row set to extend the massendispersive flight time several Cassini-reflectors. It introduces several flight mass spectrometer for axial and orthogonal ion injection with Cassini reflectors.


MICE and hospitality industry are both the important departments of the third industry, and they play a very important role in our country's economy development. Therefore, it is of great significance to research the inter-active development between them. On the basis of analyzing their relationship, the article proposes four supporting systems about their inter-active development. Then the article makes a first-step research on the models of their inter-active development.Finally,it also puts forward some practical suggestion to promote the inter-active development of MICE and hospitality industry in China.


Media convergence brings certain development opportunities to the news and communication industry, and at the same time, it also makes the news and communication industry face great challenges. The news communication talents needed in the media convergence environment are professionals who can not only be familiar with traditional media, but also be aware of the use of various new media. Therefore, the construction of journalism and communication education adapted to the environment of media integration also faces the innovation of talent cultivation concept, curriculum design, teaching methods and so on. How to meet the needs of news communication talents in the new situation, form an accurate positioning of news communication education and cultivate high-quality media people for social media is an urgent problem to be considered. Based on the current situation of media convergence, this paper analyzes the new changes of news communication and the problems existing in news communication education in the era of media convergence, and puts forward innovative ways of news communication education and teaching in the era of media convergence.


link between the War of Independence and the Civil War. Hickey concludes by stating that, as a result of New Orleans, the British subsequently took an accommodating instead of confrontational approach towards the U.S. This is to do considerable violence to history. The British had not wanted this conflict in the first place, as shown by their withdrawal of the Orders in Council prior to the U.S. declaration of war. Further, while the U.S. continued its march across the North American continent, seizing Spanish and Mexican territory, it never again attempted another assault on Canada. Clearly, the victory at New Orleans, glorious as it was, never did quite extinguish the memory of Washington in flames.


In this chapter we investigate the ownership and control of UK firms using contemporary methods from computational graph theory. Specifically, we analyze a 'small-world' model of ownership and control. A small-world is a network whose actors are linked by a short chain of acquaintances (short path lengths), but at the same time have a strongly overlapping circle of friends (high clustering). We simulate a set of corporate worlds using an ensemble of random graphs introduced by Chung and Lu (2002a, 2002b). We find that the corporate governance network structures analyzed here are more clustered ('clubby') than would be predicted by the random-graph model. Path lengths, though, are generally not shorter than expected. In addition, we investigate the role of financial institutions: potentially important conduits creating connectivity in corporate networks. We find such institutions give rise to systematically different network topologies.


The role of thinning is considered from the time of the decision to commence investing capital in plantations. Thinnings provide the raw material for use by the firm's log conversion plants and contribute to the cash flow. They reduce the cost of growing wood in the plantation by reducing the debt on the plantation and by reducing the time taken to grow trees of a desired diameter. Capital is returned to the firm for reinvestment and a larger annual increment earned on a smaller invested capital. Thinning gives a flexibility to the products cut from, and overall wood resource represented by, the plantation. Silvicultural roles express themselves in the well-being of the total enterprise. The effect upon the condition and size of the knots is the most important of these roles. Thinning reduces the likelihood of attack by pathogens. For decision-making in the future, we need a tool which relates the effect of thinnings on a plantation with the effect on the industrial wood-converting side of the enterprise. INTRODUCTION In this paper we refer primarily to plantations (of Pinus radiata D. Don) owned by an Industrial Forestry Company, i.e., an enterprise which also owns round-wood using plants. In our case this includes several sawmills of varying size, plus the associated ancillary functions such as kilns, planer mills, laminating and finger-jointing plants, chemical preservative treatment plants, and a particleboard factory using both methods of manufacture. Throughout this paper we emphasise the total enterprise; wood-using plants and the plantation estate together constituting the unit whose well-being must be seen to, whose profit must be maintained, and whose long life must be assured. Hence management decisions for the firm's privately owned plantations are not taken in isolation from the other management decisions of the enterprise. "It is by thinning, more than any other operation, that a forester can control the destiny of a plantation and contribute to its financial success" (Hiley, 1956). These words indicate the importance of thinning, and also summarise the private owner's objectives with regard to the role of thinning in his enterprise. Private ownership measures its success in monetary terms and compares itself with other organisations in such terms. Therefore in planning to thin several times in a rotation of 30-40 years, economic and financial aspects are certainly considered. N.Z. J. For . Sci. 6(2): 283-91 (1976). 284 New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science Vol. 6 However, the role of thinning is complicated by the requirements of the log conversion plants and further complicated when those plants change their log specifications. Thus the owners are looking also for an harmonious relationship between plantations and conversion plants such that the overall financial position is optimised and not for example that the plantations are doing very well indeed but slowly crippling the mills with oversize logs. However along the way one hears warnings of a wasp attack, one area suffers wind throw, someone grizzles about the dead knots falling out of the flooring boards, the marketing manager wants some poles quickly and out of the blue comes an inquiry for peeler logs. The forester then stalls for time to sharpen both his pencil and his wits and while stalled the bottom falls out of his pulp wood market so first thinning is halted and second thinning severely curtailed. Finally the mill manager wonders why the forester has not heard of thinning from above. The aim of thinning? Production of interim wood yield or improvement of final crop? To the man with the "overview" the role of thinning is to ensure the present viability of the total enterprise and its long and continuing prosperity. Finally, however, if the owners do not also have conversion plants, the objective may in fact be to grow big logs quickly rather than get best value for thinnings. ECONOMIC A N D FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS "Privately Owned Plantations" are continually changing entities. Even if the owner takes no action, past costs continue to compound and wood continues to grow. Let us consider that private ownership had begun establishing its own plantations initially in a small way as was our case. The owners had made a decision to allocate capital to plantations. At the time this was an expression of faith in the future of wood. However the decision was helped by the awareness that such plantations in the district were being thinned at about age 14-16 producing small case logs and raw material for treatment plants. Also there was talk of pulping wood, for paper, softboard and hardboard making in the area. Therefore our own decision to move into plantation establishment was very much based on the awareness that thinnings, comparatively early in the plantation's life, were going to provide a range of products at least two of which we could make use of ourselves. From the beginning thinning was seen as the tool by which the plantation started to contribute to the well-being of the enterprise and to its flexibility. Funds invested in a plantation may be internally generated or may have been borrowed from outside. They are invested as land, establishment and annual maintenance costs. By investing in plantations instead of in an alternative project, an alternative return has been foregone. Thus we are justified in charging interest on the amounts invested in the plantation and this compounds as for the time being the investment does not pay the interest back. The capital investment steadily grows, but up to year 13 it has not contributed to the cash flow of the firm. However the concept of thinning, at least, has already played a role in the affairs of the firm. First, it has been assumed in the capital allocation decisions that thinnings will occur and produce certain products from the plantations. Second, these assumptions have been quantified in the cash flow calculations which are a vital tool in the firm's No. 2 Oilerenshaw—Thinning and Management of Private Plantations 285 budgeting and planning, both short and long term. It is essential to realise that decisions with regard to the plantations are not isolated but made with regard to all the other capital allocation decisions of the firm. At each revision of the firm's cash flow position full account is taken of the products and hence of the cash, generated by the anticipated thinnings. It little matters to the total unit if the cash is generated by a royalty payment to the plantation unit or by the market prices for the final products from the thinned trees. In our case the plantation unit is an accounting unit of its own and earns "royalties" on the sale of its logs. This does not invalidate the hypothesis that cash budgeting decisions are made in terms of the total firm, and likewise the cash flow considerations. Thus as the early plantings approach the accepted first thinning age, the enterprise we are describing is going to be very keen to get on with the anticipated thinning programme. There is another consideration which has relevance but which may not be enunciated in the final decision-making process and it concerns the cost of the wood being grown as a result of the earlier capital investment decisions. That cost is rising each year due to (1) The annual maintenance charge involved in growing each year's plantation, and (2) the interest charge accumulating on the capital invested in the plantations. If cash has been generated from inside the firm it is not such an obvious cost, but nevertheless ought to be recognised in the decision-making process. The first thinning, in that it begins to return some cash from the investment, serves to reduce the compounding debt on the investment. In this sense it reduces the cost of the growing wood. Thinning also reduces the cost in that it reduces the time it takes to grow logs of a desired diameter, by concentrating the volume increment on fewer trees (Forrest, 1970). The first thinning also reduces the capital in the plantation, thus returning capital to the firm for re-investment; it converts the wood capital to money capital. Using Moeller's theory "that within certain wide limits the volume increment is not influenced by density of stocking", we can argue that by first thinning we have reduced the capital invested in the plantation, but we are still obtaining the same volume increment on that reduced capital. This is an important role played by thinning. Moreover, if royalty per cubic metre rises with diameter of log, the role of this thinning becomes more emphasised. The same volume increment has been concentrated on fewer trees. Thus we are in fact earning a larger money increment than before the thinning, and this is being done on a smaller capital investment than existed immediately prior to the thinning. The above principles are equally applicable to later thinning. FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR A "NORMAL FOREST" In our own case we are aiming at the establishment of a "normal forest", although in this real world we probably will not at any one time be managing such a forest. Fedkiw (I960) has described what we are aiming for as a "regulated sustained yield enterprise". Although the plantation estate arrives at this situation slowly, there comes the point at which the annual return generated by the sale of logs equals the annual expenditure of establishment and maintenance of the estate. Our plantation estate is now like a "factory", costing an annual amount, and generating an annual cash flow or


This paper discusses the transmission of light through a layered birefringent structure with periodic microrelief. The method of calculating the diffraction efficiency for normal and oblique transmission of light through successive layers of the structure is used. © 2005 Optical Society of America


Nonmetal-doped black titania is achieved in a core – shell structure by a two-step synthesis. The nonmetal dopants in amorphous TiO 2 (cid:1) x shells decrease e – h recombination centers, and more than 6.6 at.% N further improves solar energy absorption from 65% up to 85%. The photocatalytic H 2 generation of the N-doped black titania is 15.0 mmol h (cid:1) 1 g (cid:1) 1 under 100 mW cm (cid:1) 2 of full-sunlight and 200 m mol h (cid:1) 1 g (cid:1) 1 under 90 mW cm (cid:1) 2 of visible-light irradiation, superior to TiO 2 (cid:1) x and reported titania photocatalysis. The important semiconductor TiO 2 has found applications in a wide range of technological innovations. When used as a photocatalyst, TiO 2 absorbs only ultraviolet light. Several approaches, including the use of dopants or introducing disorder in the surface layers of TiO 2 colored in black, have been taken to enhance the visible light absorption. However, the limited solubility of substitutional dopants in bulk and dopant associated recombination centres ( i.e. Ti 3+ ) has impaired the e ff ectiveness of doping. In addition, for black titania, the visible-light photocatalytic activity is still unsatisfactory due to too many recombination centers. To overcome this bottleneck, we demonstrate a novel two-step approach to enhance the visible-light photocatalytic activity by incorporating nonmetal X (X ¼ H, N, S, I) into oxygen-de  cient titania (TiO 2 (cid:1) x ). The bulk substitutional doping of titania with 6.6 at.% nitrogen (TiO 2 – N) absorbs about 85% of the total solar energy and exhibits substantial visible-light photocatalytic activity, including the complete photo-oxidation of organic molecules in water within 6 min and the production of hydrogen (15.0 mmol h (cid:1) 1 g (cid:1) 1 under full-sunlight and 200 m mol h (cid:1) 1 g (cid:1) 1 under visible light). The excellent photocatalysis of TiO 2 – X is attributed to visible-light absorption enhancement and recombination center reduction.


Three kinds of temperature and pH sensitive interpenetrating networks hydrogels,PAAc/P(NIPAAm-co-BMA),PAAc/PNIPAAm and PAAc/P(NIPAAm-co-AAm),with different hydrophilicity were prepared.With sodium salicylate and salicylic acid as model drug,the influence of temperature,pH and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of hydrogel to the loading and release ratio of model drug was studied.The results showed that incorporation of hydrophobic BMA polymer into PAAc/PNIPAAm would increase the loading efficiency of salicylic acid while the hydrophilic AAm would increase loading efficiency of sodium salicylate.The drug delivery system belongs to swelling-dependence.The more the hydrophilic of a gel,the more the release ratio.The releasing ratio of the drug-loaded IPN gels at 45℃ was higher than that at 25℃.Also pH values had a great impact on the release ratio;salicylic acid was almost not released at pH= 2.2 whereas released faster at pH=7.4.


The present invention relates to a device for use in water measured in real time, the size and the number density (number concentration) of colloidal nanoparticles (with the suspended nanoparticles and dissolving the nanoparticles) of the (feed water), a nano-membrane and the aerosol speech, water ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) ultrafiltration (UF) / nanofiltration (NF) membrane; Ultrafiltration and nano for supplying the filtered water sprayer having an inlet for feeding a compressed cleaning air and the liquid inlet system; Diffusion drying device for drying the spread aerosolized colloidal particles through a sprayer system; Diffusion of the mobile electric colloidal particles dryness (electrical mobility) screening / separation a differential movement of each size analyzer (DMA) according to; And to an apparatus comprising a condensation particle counter (CPC) for measuring the number of colloidal particles separated by size. Further, as the method of this invention is measured by the using the aforementioned apparatus water (feed water) size and the number density (number concentration) of colloidal nanoparticles (with the suspended nanoparticles and dissolving the nanoparticles) in real-time, ( a) feeding a ultrafiltration (UF) / nanofiltration (NF) membranes each atomizer system a clean air compression and the filtered water supply through; (B) a step of spraying a liquid (droplet) comprising the nanoparticles and dissolving the nanoparticles suspension through the atomizer system a constant rate aerosolized; (C) drying the step of diffusion through the diffusion drying apparatus of aerosolized particles; (D) a differential mobility, comprising: using an analyzer (DMA), also selected / classified by size in accordance with (electrical mobility) electrophoresis of the proliferation drying the colloidal particles; And (e) using a condensation particle counters (CPC), to a method comprising the step of measuring the number of colloidal particles separated by size. According to the invention, the gas bubbles the number density and size of the colloidal nano-particles contained in the road holding which have not, the water supply without any error chemical effect of the components of the particles on the coefficients not also Synchronous errors not received the influence of (gas bubble) It can be accurately measured in real time. Further, by accurately quantified by separating the number of dissolved number concentration and the water of the suspended nanoparticles, nanoparticle concentration in the feed water, the film for example by the calcium, magnesium, carbon, such as a rich colloidal nanoparticles [in particular, RO (RO) membrane] can predict the contamination. Colloidal particles, suspended particles and dissolved particles, the number density (number concentration), the geometric mean diameter (GMD), ultrafiltration (UF), or filtration (NF), aerosolized (aerosolization), reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, contamination Indices.


Production is the main thing in a manufacturing industry. Production activity would work well if the flow pattern of the material in the production floor smoothly. Better transfer of material will speed up the completion of a product. Intense competition in the manufacturing industry forced the industry to make the material flow to be short. This can be done by resetting the engine layout in such a way. Industry Furniture X as one of the furniture industry in the city of Palembang that manufacture products based on the make to order. The product has so many variations of high material flow and higher material handling costs. The distance between the machines far enough too play a role in the cost of material handling.The layout of the fractal method can produce a short distance between the machine and more flexible to address the varying conditions of the product. This method will form fractals that have the same ability to make the production process, in which fractal is formed of two pieces, each of which consists of 9 pieces of machinery . In the proposed layout is formed , the machines were experiencing engine displacement is 1A , 1B , 1C , 2B , 3B , 4 , 5 , 6A , 6B , 7 ,8A, 8B, 10A, and 10B. This method was successful in reducing the material displacement distance during research periode of 58,125 meter or 6.251% and the cost of material movement during research periode Rp 27.971,9375 and during one year Rp 559.438,75 or 3,066 %.


The model of a quadrotor is nonlinear and dynamically unstable due to the high level of system nonlinearity and external disturbances. In this paper a robust second order sliding mode controller has been proposed for altitude tracking of a quadrotor. The controller is derived using Lyapunov stability approach and proved theoretically asymptotic stability. The performance of proposed control method is evaluated by comparing the performance with conventional sliding mode control from the literature. It is demonstrate that the proposed second order sliding mode control improves the tracking control performance with better transient performances.


The rationale and procedure for a computer-administered examination in professional ethics is presented. Benefits for instructors and students of professional ethics in counseling and counseling psychology are discussed.


where Iy and Ie are the intensity of diffraction lines of austsenite and martensite phases,respectivesly, Ry and Re factors are given empirically or theoretically for various kinds of combination of diffraction lines of both phases. In the case of textured specimen, however, it is necessary to take the preferred orientation of the austenite and the martensite phases into account. Morris tried to make a correction of diffraction intensities through the measurement of the pole figures of both phases 6). As there are number of studies on the transformation texture, orientation relationship and the variant selection due to the stress state i0-8), it is possible to estimate the transformation textures of martensite if the initial texture of austenite and the stress state during transformation is given. In the present paper, the authors have tried to make clear the effect of transformation textures of the martensite on the determination of volume fraction of the residual austenite by the use of equation (i).


On 11 November 1996 the Premier of Victoria, Jeff Kennett announced that his government would refer its powers over industrial relations to the Commonwealth. This decision, he said, "reflects the overwhelming consensus among industrial relations experts that a single industrial relations system is both desirable and inevitable". The announcement was greeted enthusiastically by the proposed recipients: to the Prime Minister, John Howard, it was a "practical example of cooperative Commonwealth/State relations" and "a ringing endorsement of the Federal Government's industrial relations reforms". The Minister for Industrial Relations, Peter Reith (who was credited with successful negotiation of the intergovernmental agreement on the terms of referral) hailed it as "a major micro-reform initiative." Media commentary was only marginally less optimistic. It was reported that the other key national players — the ACTU, employers, the federal Opposition and the Democrats — also welcomed the move to a unitary industrial system. Benefits were seen in the elimination of duplication and administrative hurdles, making the state more attractive for overseas investors, and in the provision of an enhanced safety net for Victorian workers. The general theme of the coverage was summed up in the comment that the decision was "a victory for the national interest".


The regional differences of the meteorological and other natural conditions, having influence upon the productivity of paddy rice in the Chugoku district were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The configuration of the district forms a great slope on either side of the Chugoku mountain range and its rivers are short with small quantity of water. Accordingly, many paddy fields distribute themselves over the inclined planes along the coast, depending the water supply on the irrigation ponds and rainwater. 2. Since the soil of the paddy field in this district can hold little water and fertilizer because of its basic constituent mainly consisting of acid rock, the basis contained in the soil are liable to be quickly melted and washed away. This becomes also the cause of acceleration of superannuation and "Akiochi" (Autumnal low-crop) due to unusual deoxidation under high temperature, as we have often experienced in many paddy fields. 3. The meteorological condition shows little difference among the regions when viewed from the civil day. But when the growth stage of the paddy rices are compared, it is found that the deeper the district is located in the mountains, the lower the temperature at the former half-stage of growth becomes, and the duration of sunshine at a maximum tillering stage becomes the shorter and the more unstable. Therefore, the mountainous regions may be said unfavourable for securing proper number of panicles.


Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of corporate governance on the distribution of zakat funds by Islamic banks in Indonesia. The study focused on two elements of governance: the characteristics of the board of directors (BOD) and the sharia supervisory board (SSB). Data were extracted from the annual reports of Islamic banks in Indonesia from 2011 to 2020 and analyzed using panel data regression in EViews. The results showed that the size and remuneration of the BOD and the size of the SSB had a significant positive effect on zakat funds, while the reputation of the SSB had no effect. This study contributes to the literature on the role of governance in improving the performance of Islamic banks by providing empirical evidence of the link between governance and increased zakat funds. While previous research has primarily focused on the role of governance in financial performance, this study highlights the importance of governance in the context of social responsibility. The practical implication of this study is that Islamic banks wishing to improve social performance, namely zakat funds, should consider designing a large BOD and large SSB structure, while also considering increasing BOD remuneration.


The metal atoms in a sample of zinkenite from Wolfsberg, Germany, have been imaged directly by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM). The [001] image shows that the tunnel cation sites on the sixfold screw axes are at least partially occupied; previous studies have given conflicting results concerning the occupancy of these sites. Dark-field electron micrographs and [010] high-resolution images show that zinkenite has a domain structure; the average hexagonal structure consists of ordered domains with orthorhombic lattice geometry. The domains are in three orientations and have a rodlike morphology extending parallel to c.


This paper presents the principles of robustness design of axle system dynamics to reduce vehicle system related axle gear whine. Through examining the physics of the axle gear noise, the influence of the system dynamics are identified as two parts, i.e., the dynamics mesh force generated at the gear meshing per unit gear mesh motion variation; and the force transmissibility from mesh to the axle housing, and then further to the bracket attachments. The noise sensitive design parameters are identified and discussed. Component design requirements are proposed to minimize the system resonances in the typical gear mesh frequency range. The use of FEA models for system understanding and further design tuning is illustrated.


Non-resonant antenna configurations are investigated to provide compact radiators suitable to be adopted in wearable electronics. The non-resonant radiator exhibiting a capacitive reactance and a non-negligible radiation resistance can be matched by using a suitable underneath surface which is also able to prevent the radiation toward human body. High Impedance Surface (HIS) have been proved to be a suitable configuration to provide these two features. The focus of this paper is on the selection of a suitable primary radiating element. A novel element based on a CPW-fed version of a multiple-arm dipole is proposed and compared with the standard CPW-fed monopole previously employed in similar designs.


As the number of hosts and contents increases on the Internet, traditional host-centric network operated inefficiently due to unnecessary bandwidth consumption caused by repeated transmission. Named Data Networking (NDN) has emerged in order to improve network delay and security between hosts. In the NDN, each router has a cache storage to store contents. Routers store and provide the content when additional requests occur. An attacker may infer activities of users connected to the router by analyzing the round-trip time of content. In this paper, we propose a popularity-based caching mechanism to prevent the violation on cache privacy. The proposed caching mechanism is to set the cache placement and cache duration according to the content popularity and router's centrality. The popularity-based cache management alleviates cache privacy violation on the router and improve network performance compared to other cache mechanism that have been advanced. This claim is supported by various simulation results. w First Author : Sungkyunkwan University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, email@example.com ° Corresponding Author : Sungkyunkwan University College of Software, email@example.com 이 논문은 2016년도 정부(교육부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 기초연구사업임(No.2016R1D1A103936211) 논문번호:KNOM2018-01-009, Received July 15, 2018; Revised August 8, 2018; Accepted August 16, 2018 Named Data Networking에서 프라이버시 침해 방지를 위한 인기도 기반의 캐싱 연구


The analysis of the results received during last 5 years in the field of light-sensitive holographic recording media is presented. The lines of the improvement of these media for color display holography, phototechnology for making of holographic optical elements and perspective information optical technologies are determined.


Densities of Na2SO4(aq) and K2SO4(aq) have been measured by vibrating-tube densitometry at concentrations of 0.01 mol·kg-1 to 1.0 and 0.5 mol·kg-1, respectively, and at temperatures from 298.15 K to 572.7 K and pressures up to 30.7 MPa. Apparent molar volumes derived from these data were extrapolated using the Pitzer ion-interaction model to yield partial molar volumes of these electrolytes at infinite dilution. The two salts show similar behaviors over the whole range of conditions studied.


considered in the differential diagnosis are the mucous patches of secondary syphilis and lupus erythematosus of the buccal mucosa. Other evidence of these diseases will be present. Thrush should cause little difficulty, and oral epithelial naevi will have been present from birth. Whenever there is doubt the examination of a biopsy specimen should resolve it. The prognosis of leucoplakia buccalis is not as poor as used to be believed. No doubt this is partly because the incidence of syphilitic glossitis has been so greatly reduced. The prognosis must depend on the histological findings, but, as Shafer and Waldron have shown, the majority of examples of clinical leucoplakia are histologically benign. The treatment of leucoplakia can only be outlined here. Local irritation from teeth or dentures must be removed and the use of tobacco avoided. If malignant changes have taken place, the area may be treated by electrocoagulation, cauterization, surgical excision, or perhaps by radiotherapy. This, however, is often ineffective unless used in heavy dosage. In early lesions solid carbon dioxide may be useful. Most patients with this condition can be reassured and treated conservatively, but should be kept under observation.


Diet affects bacterial diversity and abundance of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Our objective was to study the effect of whole‐wheat supplemented diet in fecal microbiota composition of obese diabetic (db/db) mice. The db/db mice were fed standard or whole‐wheat isocaloric diets for eight weeks. Fecal DNA was extracted and the V4 domain of the 16S rRNA was amplified using the universal primers F515 and R806; subsequently, amplicons were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq instrument. Raw Illumina fastq files were demultiplexed, quality filtered, and analyzed using QIIME v1.8.0. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assigned using QIIME's uclust‐based close‐reference OTU‐picking workflow, with a threshold of 97% pairwise identity against the Greengenes bacterial 16S rRNA database (13_5 release). Our results showed that the bacteroidetes/firmicutes ratio was three times higher in the whole‐wheat group compared to the db/db standard diet group. In addition, whole‐wheat diet decreased abundances of the families Enterococcaceae, Turicibacteraceae, and Ruminococcaceae. However, the alpha diversity, quantified by Shannon‐Wiener index was not significantly different between groups (p=0.0652). In conclusion, whole‐wheat supplemented diet changed the bacterial diversity and abundance of fecal microbiota of obese mice. Further studies are being conducted to analyze the relationship between microbiota changes and host metabolic responses.


The accumulation of polystyrene waste is of environ me tal concern. Although land filling, incineration are in practice, it leads to the evolution of secondary po llutants. Biodegradation could be a sustainable app roach in managing the disposal of these wastes. Microorganis ms through their enzymatic activity could degrade p olystyrene. With this view, the present study was designed to e valuate the potential of bacteria harbouring in pol ystyrene waste dumped soil to degrade polystyrene through FTIR tec hnique. Dominant bacteria identified were Klebsiell a sp., Micrococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. These bacteria were inoculated in MSM (Minimal salt medium) containing Polystyrene for a period of one month. FTIR analysi s revealed chemical changes depicted by the evoluti on of new absorption peaks representing C = O, C H, CO on exposure of Polystyrene to Micrococcus sp., and OH, C-C, C-H to Pseudomonas sp., Yet, further studies have t o b conducted to trace the degraded products.


Weighted graphs havebeenbroadly employed invarious kinds ofapplications. Weights associated withedges ina graphareconstants mostly intheliterature. However, in realworldapplications, these weights mayvarywithin ranges rather thanfixed values. Tomodelsuchkindof uncertainty orvariability, we propose interval-valued weighted graphs inthis study. Insolving practical graphapplications suchasfinding shortest paths andminimumspanning trees forinterval weighted graphs, itisnecessary tobeabletocompare interval valued weights. However, twogeneral intervals cannotbeordered reasonably inbinary logic. Inthis paper,we establish fuzzypartial-order relations for intervals. These relations arecontinuous, except only ata single pointina special case.Afterstudying the properties ofthefuzzy partial order relations, weapplied theinterval partial order toextend well-known shortest pathandminimumspanning treealgorithms forinterval weighted graphs.


We describe a recalibration of the diffraction efficiency of the transmission gratings on EXOSAT. This recalibration is required in order to quantitatively interpret the soft X-ray spectra obtained with these instruments on Sco X-1. Because this source is extremely bright, the spectra are sensitive enough to reveal residual systematic effects in the grating efficiency. Specifically, we observe short-wavelength radiation dispersed into high (m > 5) spectral orders, which is usually too weak to be detectable. We develop a simple model for the diffraction efficiency and briefly discuss some properties of the efficiency, applicable to X-ray transmission gratings in general. We explore the effect of a new degree of freedom, the cross-sectional shape of the grating bars. We then use a set of preflight calibration spectra to constrain the free parameters of the model. The new efficiency curves are in satisfactory agreement with the calibration data and quantitatively account for the anomalies seen in the spectrum of Sco X-1. We also briefly discuss an empirical zero-order profile shape, appropriate for the analysis of spectra of very bright sources.


In this work, a poorly water-soluble drug (efavirenz) was mechanically activated by ball-milling. The effect of the mechanical activation on the dissolution behavior was investigated considering changes in the particle size and morphology. The powder diffraction was used to follow the comminution process, verifying phase compositions, and crystalline domain size. The interplay between domain and grain size was studied in relation to the solubility rate, through specific dissolution tests. Finally, the morphological characterization has allowed to complete the physical–chemical characterization of the milled powders. This study demonstrated that the mechanical activation of the drug leads the particle size reduction and, with a long milling time, morphological changes. The grain size reduction is not always sufficient to increase the solubility: morphology and agglomeration grade play an important role in the dissolution process.


Abstract We scrutinize the penguin dominated Bs → K+K− decay mode involving b → s quark level transition in family non-universal Z ′ and vector-like down quark model. There is discrepancy in the standard model branching ratio value of this mode with the experimental results reported by Belle, CDF and LHCb Collaborations. Additionally, the measured values of CP-violating asymmetries CK+K− and SK+K− deviate from the SM results. We constrain the new parameter space by using the existing experimental limits on leptonic Bs → `` (` = e, μ, τ) processes. We then check the effects of new physics on the branching ratio and CP violating parameters of the Bs → K+K− process.


Objective To assess the menstrual return,efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine in the treatment of female schizophrenic patients with antipsychotic-induced menstruation disturbances.Methods Thirty-three female schizophrenic patients with antipsychotic-induced menstruation disturbance were switched to quetiapine treatment for 52 weeks.The primary measures were menses status and blood prolactine (PRL),estradiol (E_2),testosterone level and thyroid function.The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS),Clinical Global Impression Severity of Illness (CGI-SI),Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and Simpson-Angne Scale (SAS) were used to assess the symptoms and side effects.Results Eighteen of 20 patients with amenorrhea had menstrual onset,and 11 of 13 patients with menses irregulars had improvement obviously.In the 15 patients who finished the study,13 reported having eumenorrhea.As to the reasons for withdraw in the 18 patients,14 were having eumenorrhea or good improvement.All the 9 patients with galactorrhea were recovered.The PRL level declined from week 4 to week 52 in comparison to the baseline (P0.01-0.05),while there were no statistically significant difference in E_2,T,TSH,FT_3 and FT_4 at week 12 and week 52 compared to the baseline (P0.05).BPRS scores were declined at week 4,8 and 52 (P0.05),and CGI-SI score declined at week 52 (P0.05).There were statistically significant differences from baseline to week 12,26 and 52 in AIMS and SAS scores (P0.05).No serious adverse events occurred during the study.Conclusions The results indicate that menses could recover in most patients with antipsychotic-induced menstruation disturbances in one year after switching to quetiapine, and further study of the long term effects of quetiapine on menstruation are needed in future.


Power limiting using the first‐order spin‐wave instability has been observed in a ferrimagnetically coupled filter‐limiter at higher frequencies than had previously been believed possible. For example, a filter‐limiter, using orthogonal strip‐line resonators coupled by the dipolar fields of a YIG sphere, was constructed at 4000 Mc. Output power was limited with the sharp break at the threshold and flat limiting curve characteristic of coincidence limiters. This result is in contrast with the operation of similar limiters at this frequency which use the second‐order spin‐wave instability in which the limiting characteristic has a much more gradual slope transition above the threshold. Coincidence limiters have previously been believed to have a maximum operating frequency ωc=2ωMNT (3.27 kMc for a YIG sphere) since, with an isolated sample, coincidence of the uniform precession resonance and the subsidiary absorption occurs only for ω


Due to confirming characteristics, events can be considered to be specification of projects. Large events are particularly described by their complexity and the many stakeholders involved. Because ...


: Deglobalization is being accelerated through a combination of protectionism, countries having 'friend shoring' which means limiting trade to countries with shared values, invasion of enemy countries (Ukraine-Russia war) which leads to geo-strategically motivated bans and sanctions. This research paper focuses on two-dimensions where deglobalization can highly impact. The first dimension is threat to climate and the second dimension is fulfilled by testing Romer's hypothesis which states that inflation is lower in open economies. The aim of the second dimension is to check causal relationship between trade openness and inflation, taking Wholesale Price Index as the variable. The researchers also checked any long run or short run relationship between the two variables. Methodological tools include test stationarity of the data, Granger Causality Test Johansen Cointegration Test taking secondary empirical data of past 10 years. The inferences drawn are not supporting the idea of a closed economy or a global economy with isolated regional trading blocs.


The article considers such a group of German proper names as short forms, which are variants (allonyms) of the names. An attempt is made to determine the sphere of their use and their function in the speech.


In recent years, numerous empirical studies have estimated the role of exchange-rate uncertainty on different countries industry-level trade flows. These have tended to find mixed results, with the majority of industries registering no impact, and the rest split between positive and negative effects. This study extends the literature to the case of US-Italian trade, for 145 export industries and 125 import industries. Of those industries, most exhibit significant short-run responses to exchange-rate volatility, but fewer register significant long-run effects. US exports of food and imports of raw materials appear to be particularly affected by risk in the long run, while many manufactures are not.


Cascading failures triggered by small local shocks under special condition exist in most of networks. Here we present a simple model of cascading failures for weighted packet networks, such as the Internet. In the model, links between nodes are chosen as the main research object, and local load redistribution is taken into account. Moreover, the influence factor, which is represented by betweenness centrality of neighboring links, is introduced to characterize the affection induced by jamming links. We study the model in both ER and BA networks using numerical simulation methods. We show that, in addition to the location of congestion, cascades of a packet network perturbed by a single jamming link also depend on the intrinsic topology characteristics and the current traffic load states of the network, which are of crucial factors. This is particularly important for real networks like the Internet to avoid the spread of traffic jam in the whole network.


In an SU(6) grand unification model with eight quarks and eight leptons belonging to 15oplet and singlet representations, the symmetry is spontaneously broken by the sequence SU(6)--->SU(3)cX SU(2)• U(1)• U(I)->SU(3) c x U(1). Fror two cases of symmetry breakings the effective weak neutral current coupling constants are compared with experiment. For the SU(3) c • SU(2)x U(I)• U(1)x--,SU(3)cx U(1) symmetry breaking, the coupling constants reproduce the We'mberg-Salam model with a small correction term. Agreement with the experimental mean values is improved with the correction term. Parity violation in atomic physics is also discussed.


The purposes of this investigation were to determine the role of career mobility and perceived career success by Black managers and to describe common career and personal traits among successful Black managers.


Shape matching has many practical applications, from generic object recognition in computer vision to brain atlas mapping in medical imaging. Mathematicians formalize the problem and ask more abstract but fundamental questions like "What is the shape of shape space?", "How can we represent shapes and measure the distance of shortest paths in the induced spaces?". In this report we investigate two shape metrics which aim to answer these questions. The first method is proposed by Joshi and Miller [5] which represents shapes as point sets with known correspondences. The second method represents shapes via Dirac currents (e.g. point-tangent sets for planar curves) and is proposed by Vaillant and Glaunes [4]. Brief overviews will be given in Section 2. We investigate how the data is clustered in the induced spaces of these two representations. We use a collection of fish images with known biological classification (see Section 3) as a database.


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The proeess of production of dihydroterpineol from terpineol produced by turpentine oil is very difficult.The difficulty in the technical aspect is the control of the side-reaction which exists in hydrogenating reaction.This article deals with the advanced technology of dehydration under vaeuum,chemical reaction resistance and the torrential model.All this technology successfully controls the sidereaction,shortens the time of hydrogenating reaction and improves the quality of the product steadly,and therefore inereases the competitivepower of the product in the market.


A sixteen-year-old female presented with a gradual decrease of vision in the left eye for two weeks. She did not report any fever, weight loss, discharge, or redness of the eye. The chest X-ray of the patient was normal. On ocular examination, the best corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 6/6. In the left eye, the best acuity was noted when fingers were counted close to the face. Anterior segment examination of both the eyes was normal with normally reacting pupils. The fundus examination of the right eye was normal. In the left eye, a well-defined, subretinal, elevated, and oval-shaped lesion was located on the macula. It had a 1.5 mm disc diameter (DD) that had overlying dilated vessels and adjacent oedema with subretinal haemorrhage which was suggestive of a possible tuberculoma (Figure 1A). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macula of the left eye revealed elevation of all the retinal layers along with parafoveal subretinal fluid and one intraretinal cystic space (Figure 1B). There was a history of pulmonary tuberculosis two years ago which was microbiologically diagnosed and adequately treated for six months. The patient subsequently developed malaise, weight loss, and


This paper reports a low-power low-noise folded-cascode OTA based charge amplifier designed to be used as the front-end amplifier (FEA) for a pyroelectric transducer based respiration monitoring system. The amplifier is designed in 0.5μm standard CMOS process and consumes only 5.4 μW of power with 1.8V supply voltage. The operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) adopts a pseudo-resistor based diode-connected MOSFET in the feedback configuration to achieve a 1 mHz low corner frequency. Measurement results show an FEA input referred noise of only 5.017 μVRMS over the frequency range of 125 mHz to 10 kHz. Test results also include the recording of the respiratory signal acquired by the pyroelectric transducer and the FEA.


Self-access language centres (SALCs) utilise self-directed learning, which allows learners to set their own learning goals and make their own learning choices. While this approach can benefit language learners, it can also be intimidating for those not used to autonomous learning. To help learners transition from teacher-directed to self-directed learning, various interventions such as coaching, counselling, mentoring, and advising can be used. These interventions can be effective in helping learners become more self-directed, but it is important to review and consider the learner's expectations when implementing them. This paper analyses data from a one-on-one coaching intervention between an English-speaking coach and five Japanese participants using English as a second language to explore the factors contributing to the intervention session's perceived success.


A comparative study of efficiency of injection and oral forms of ivermectin has been conducted. The research results indicate that efficiency of drugs with ivermectin against endoparasites is very high and reaches 100%. The exception is Oesophagostomum dentatum, the therapeutic effectiveness against it in some cases was less – from 85% to 95%. The therapeutic effectiveness in experimental groups is 100%; it confirms the complete parasites elimination by "Neoverm" in the doses from 0.2 to 0.3 mg/kg when using it twice and in the dose of 0.3 mg/kg with a single use. The single use of "Neoverm" in the doses lower than 0.3 mg/kg does not provide the complete elimination of parasites. The use of drugs with ivermectin – "Neoverm" and "Intramek" based on a nanoemulsion provides the therapeutic effect even after single administration. In spite of the fact that a single administration of injection drug "Intramek" in the recommended dose of 0.3 мg/kg did not result in the complete elimination of O. dentatum, its efficiency can be considered as rather sufficient compared to the oral drug "Neoverm". The oral 0.6% ivermectin premix also showed high efficiency against endoparasites, except for O. dentatum. The use of injection and oral drugs with ivermectin– "Neoverm" and "Intramek" based on nanoemulsions is technologically more advantageous for farms than application of the oral premix since these drugs provide a therapeutic effect even after a single administration, while the premix must be given during a week. The therapeutic effectiveness of "Neoverm"


Alachlor at 3.4 and 6.7 kg ha-1, metolachlor at 2.8 and 5.6 kg ha-1, and propachlor at 4.5 and 9.0 kg ha-1 were applied to grain sorghum in field experiments conducted in 1981 and 1982. 'Dekalb E-59' and 'Pioneer 8311' grain sorghum were tested with and without the seed protectants cyometrinil and flurazole in both experiments. 'Funk's G-1350' was tested with and without cyometrinil and CGA-92194 in one experiment. Alachlor and metolachlor caused serious injury (stunting and, in some instances, reductions in stand and yield) to grain sorghum without the seed protectants. Less severe injury to grain sorghum occurred with alachlor and metolachlor at high rates even in the presence of the seed protectants. The three seed protectants were equally effective in preventing crop injury. Only minor injury to grain sorghum, with or without the seed protectants, occurred with propachlor at both rates. Overall, early-season weed control was 81 to 100%; however, propachlor at the rates tested was noticeably weaker than alachlor and metolachlor against some annual grasses.


In the past few years, an environment propitious to the development of a new outsourcing model for information technology has emerged - the ASP - Application Service Providers. The market is still incipient and is characterized by a big divergence of the ASP model characteristics. In this context, the aim of this paper is to characterize the introduction of new outsourcing models, with an emphasis on the ASP model, and to present the literature on ASP state-ofthe- art, with a definition of the main information sources.


ABSTRACT In obstructive jaundice, the passage of bacteria and endotoxins through the intestine wall to reach the systemiccirculation is associated with septicemia, renal failure and pulmonary dysfunction. The aim of this work was toinvestigate bacterial translocation utilizing 99m Tc-E.coli in an experimental model of obstructive jaundice. The levelsof bilirubin in rats that were subjected to ligature of the bile duct were significantly increased when compared tocontrol animals (p 0.05). Theevaluation of the intestinal permeability using "per os" administration of 99m Tc-DTPA showed 1.61 ± 0.57% and1.39 ± 0.72% of radioactivity in the urine of the control and jaundice animals, respectively. The histologicalanalysis of the distal wall of the ileum showed that thecovering epithelium and the crypt were morphologicallypreserved in both groups. The seven-day period after the ligature of the bile duct may not have been long enough topromote modifications in intestinal wall to occur soas to permit the passage of Tc-99m E.coli.Key words: Bacterial translocation, Technetium-99m E coli, obstructive jaundice


As China has repeatedly achieved excellent results in world-class sports events, the country attaches great importance to sports training, among which weightlifting is an advantageous sports event in China. Physical fitness is also the main sports ability to evaluate the function of weightlifters, which has a direct impact on their competitive ability in sports competition. However, there are some problems in evaluating the physical fitness of weightlifters, such as unclear indicators and unclear weight. Therefore, this paper establishes the physical fitness evaluation system of weightlifters based on the analytic hierarchy process and evaluates the physical fitness of weightlifters from three aspects: body shape, body function, and sports quality. In addition, it briefly introduces the calculation process of the analytic hierarchy process, analyzes the constituent factors of weightlifters' physical fitness, defines the indexes of weightlifters' physical fitness evaluation system, and calculates the weight of each index. This study performed many experiments by selecting 10 weightlifters to substitute the relevant data into the evaluation index system and analyzed the body shape of weightlifters. In addition, the results showed that the highest blood testosterone was 926.7 ud/dl, with a score of 95 points, and the lowest was 690.3 ud/dl, with a score of 65 points. The results also show that the highest high snatch with score 95 is 123 kg and the lowest high snatch with score 60 is 98 kg. According to the above research results, the overall physical fitness of Chinese weightlifters is high.


We investigate the effect of board interlocks on family firms' debt structure. Using a comprehensive panel data set from Italy, our empirical evidence indicates that interlocked directors facilitate family firms' access to external debt, mostly in the form of trade debt. During episodes of liquidity dry-ups, board interlocks prove useful to withstand funding shortages and, in turn, to cope with the negative effects of the recession. These findings are consistent with the view that interlocked directors act as information and resource providers along the supply chain.


In Brazil, many initiatives have emerged to promote the dialogue between citizens and public institutions using technology. This dialogue has been a challenging endeavor, and digital games have been proposed to stimulate interaction and understanding about public service process delivery. In this context, one fundamental aspect observed for the effectiveness of these games is the human values that the games can transmit. This paper proposes the "Values at Play Brazil" (VAPBr), a deck composed of 24 cards as a brainstorming tool to help designers identify values for public process-based digital games. The paper describes the design of VAPBr and its evaluation with 14 game designers aiming to obtain participants' perception of VAPBr capability of clearly describing values and its usefulness for identifying them for a game. Results show a positive perception of VAPBr as a brainstorming tool to discover values to be designed in a public processbased digital game.


The stability of the old landslide of Guizhou in the Three Gorges region during reservoir water level drawdown from 175 to 145m is studied.Using the Golden-Split method to optimize the calculating process,the stability of the old landslide of Guizhou during reservoir water level drawdown is analyzed in combination of the pore water pressures calculated from the transient seepage analyses by using the finite element software MIDAS/GTS.Through numerical calculation,the relationships between the landslide stability and the reservoir water level drawdown are obtained.The results show that the old landslide of Guizhou is stable during the reservoir water level drawdown from 175 to 145m.It is effective to apply Golden-Split method to the analysis of landslide stability on a reservoir region.A minimum value of the safety coefficient of landslide exists,which does not singly reduce with reservoir water level drawdown.


A Featured Transition System (FTS) is a formalism for modeling variability in configurable system behavior. The behavior of all variants (products) is modeled in a single compact FTS by associating the possibility to perform an action and transition from one state to another with feature expressions that condition the execution of an action in specific variants. We present a front-end for the research tool VMC. The resulting toolchain allows a modeler to analyze an FTS for ambiguities (dead or false optional transitions and hidden deadlock states), transform an ambiguous FTS into an unambiguous one, and perform an efficient kind of family-based verification of an FTS without hidden deadlock states. We use benchmarks from the literature to demonstrate the novelties offered by the toolchain.


Cultures were grown untill an optical density of 1.0. Cells were subsequently stressed with 2000 mM Na-lactate and samples were taken in time (15, 30, and 60 minutes).


BLIND IMAGE DECONVOLUTION: PROBLEM FORMULATION AND EXISTING APPROACHES Tom E. Bishop, S. Derin Babacan, Bruno Amizic, Aggelos K. Katsaggelos, Tony Chan, and Rafael Molina Introduction Mathematical Problem Formulation Classification of Blind Image Deconvolution Methodologies Bayesian Framework for Blind Image Deconvolution Bayesian Modeling of Blind Image Deconvolution Bayesian Inference Methods in Blind Image Deconvolution Non-Bayesian Blind Image Deconvolution Models Conclusions References BLIND IMAGE DECONVOLUTION USING BUSSGANG TECHNIQUES: APPLICATIONS TO IMAGE DEBLURRING AND TEXTURE SYNTHESIS Patrizio Campisi, Alessandro Neri, Stefania Colonnese, Gianpiero Panci, and Gaetano Scarano Introduction Bussgang Processes Single-Channel Bussgang Deconvolution Multichannel Bussgang deconvolution Conclusions References BLIND MULTIFRAME IMAGE DECONVOLUTION USING ANISOTROPIC SPATIALLY ADAPTIVE FILTERING FOR DENOISING AND REGULARIZATION Vladimir Katkovnik, Karen Egiazarian, and Jaakko Astola Introduction Observation Model and Preliminaries Frequency Domain Equations Projection Gradient Optimization Anisotropic LPA-ICI Spatially Adaptive Filtering Blind Deconvolution Algorithm Identifiability and Convergence Simulations Conclusions Acknowledgments References BAYESIAN METHODS BASED ON VARIATIONAL APPROXIMATIONS FOR BLIND IMAGE DECONVOLUTION Aristidis Likas and Nikolas P. Galatsanos Introduction Background on Variational Methods Variational Blind Deconvolution Numerical Experiments Conclusions and Future Work APPENDIX A: Computation of the Variational Bound F(q,?) APPENDIX B: Maximization of F(q,?) References DECONVOLUTION OF MEDICAL IMAGES FROM MICROSCOPIC TO WHOLE BODY IMAGES Oleg V. Michailovich and Dan R. Adam Introduction Nonblind Deconvolution Blind Deconvolution in Ultrasound Imaging Blind Deconvolution in SPECT Blind Deconvolution in Confocal Microscopy Summary References BAYESIAN ESTIMATION OF BLUR AND NOISE IN REMOTE SENSING IMAGING Andre Jalobeanu, Josiane Zerubia, and Laure Blanc-Feraud Introduction The Forward Model Bayesian Estimation: Invert the Forward Model Possible Improvements and Further Development Results Conclusions Acknowledgments References DECONVOLUTION AND BLIND DECONVOLUTION IN ASTRONOMY Eric Pantin, Jean-luc Starck, and Fionn Murtagh Introduction The Deconvolution Problem Linear Regularized Methods CLEAN Bayesian Methodology Iterative Regularized Methods Wavelet-Based Deconvolution Deconvolution and Resolution Myopic and Blind Deconvolution Conclusions and Chapter Summary Acknowledgments References MULTIFRAME BLIND DECONVOLUTION COUPLED WITH FRAME REGISTRATION AND RESOLUTION ENHANCEMENT Filip Sroubek, Jan Flusser, and Gabriel Cristobal Introduction Mathematical Model Polyphase Formulation Reconstruction of Volatile Blurs Blind Superresolution Experiments Conclusions Acknowledgments References BLIND RECONSTRUCTION OF MULTIFRAME IMAGERY BASED ON FUSION AND CLASSIFICATION Dimitrios Hatzinakos, Alexia Giannoula, and Jianxin Han Introduction System Overview Recursive Inverse Filtering with Finite Normal-Density Mixtures (RIF-FNM) Optimal Filter Adaptation Effects of Noise The Fusion and Classification Recursive Inverse Filtering Algorithm (FAC-RIF) Experimental Results Final Remarks References BLIND DECONVOLUTION AND STRUCTURED MATRIX COMPUTATIONS WITH APPLICATIONS TO ARRAY IMAGING Michael K. Ng and Robert J. Plemmons Introduction One-Dimensional Deconvolution Formulation Regularized and Constrained TLS Formulation Numerical Algorithms Two-Dimensional Deconvolution Problems Numerical Examples Application: High-Resolution Image Reconstruction Concluding Remarks and Current Work Acknowledgments References INDEX


Abstract The two farms were conducted experiments with added preparation Biopolym FZT for rearing calves. Additions were applied in the operating conditions where the first farm was gradually calves continuously supplemented to the barn. On the other farm was loading section, and after three months, the calves are picked once. Experimental groups were added preparation Biopolym FZT to supply water for the entire group. The first attempt to farm the results were not significant due to the occurrence of diarrheal disease. In the second company in the experimental group were found higher weight + 0,141kg/day gains than control groups. Between the detected blood parameters in the control and experimental groups was not statistically significant. The results were within the reference range. The tendency Impairment of copper in the blood heifers are similar within the region and in the future could have an adverse effect on reproductive performance. On the data logger ammonia and carbon dioxide, located in the barn were no significant differences in measured values. Values of N-compounds in the feces of calves in both were statistically significant. There was a certain tendency in reducing the average values of N-compounds in experimental groups of calves.


A lattice-dynamical model has been developed for bcc metals which considers ion-ion interaction through second-neighbor central pair potential and electron-ion interaction based on the Sharma-Joshi theory. In the model the ionic lattice is in equilibrium in a medium of electrons. The theory has been applied to calculate the dispersion curves in a number of transition metals. The results when compared to experimental neutron data show a reasonably good agreement in the [100] and [111] directions, while sufficient deviations are present in the [100] direction. (auth)


Disorders of the posterior pelvic floor are common. Their care is complex due to the diversity of symptoms and the frequency of their association.
Ventral rectopexy has known an important development and used in the treatment of rectal prolapse.
The purpose of this study was to report the experience of the ventral rectopexy for the treatment of rectocele and to evaluate the anatomical correction and the functional outcome.
Our study presents very satisfactory results. Indeed, with a long follow-up of 34.3 months, the morbidity is minimal and the anatomical correction with a low recurrence rate is satisfactory. Our overall satisfaction rate is also very good.


Dual site or multisite ventricular pacing (resynchronization) has emerged as promising therapy for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure associated with major left intraand interventricular conduction disorders. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have also been combined with biventricular pacemakers into single devices. Biventricular devices have introduced new problems related to their complex timing mechanism.1 In this regard, double counting of the ventricular electrogram has surfaced as an important clinical problem.2−7


The synthesis of triorganotin halides directly from tin is described. The addition of an alkyl halide to tin metal dispersed in a molten quaternary halide rapidly and selectively produces the trialkyltin halide and a by-product containing the quaternary as a tin halide complex. The quaternary halide, the tin, and the halide ion are all recovered from the by-product by electrolysis and reused.


IN A RECENT ARTICLE on H.C. Branner, the critic Erik Skyum-Nielsen referred to Branner's once revered, post-World War II novel Rytteren (1949; [The Riding Master]) as "uspiselig" ("To minutters" 25) [indigestible] to the modern reader. When first published, Rytteren captured the fancy of both the Danish critics and the public as a provocative, expressionist reworking of humanity's precarious relationship with power and thus secured its author's place in Danish letters. Tom Kristensen noted that had it been written in English, Branner would have awakened to world fame. Kristensen got his wish two years later in 195, when the novel was translated into English as The Riding Master. (1) Time, however, has not been kind to Branner's book due in great part to a crafty and somewhat negative review by his contemporary, Karen Blixen. In her essay on Rytteren, which she viewed as more moral meddling from the Heretica crowd, (2) Blixen, though acknowledging that the novel would come to define the "andsliv" (147, 160) of a generation, took strong exception to Branner's heavy-handed method of symbol-making. Blixen wrote her review in 1949, but it did not see publication until 1958 (in the periodical Bazar). Her letters disclose that more than once she almost allowed the essay to be printed but repeatedly changed her mind at the last minute and pulled it from publication. In 1953 after telling Tage Skou-Hansen that the essay on Branner's novel could be published in Vindrosen, she again abruptly changed her mind (1 November 1953). The essay finally reached the public some five years later, but it had already made the rounds in Danish literary circles for nine years with such notables as Thorkild Bjornvig and Skou-Hansen having read and responded to Blixen's assessment. By the time it saw publication, Blixen had attached a "Modsigende Efterskrift" to her original review--an afterword that has been all but ignored by critics for some forty years. To understand Blixen's very Blixenesque response to Rytteren, one must first turn to the narrative template that governs her own storytelling. An admirer of the self-sufficient loner with the strength to accept his or her own destiny, Blixen creates strong, independent characters whom she often depicts standing, physically and figuratively, high above the narratively plebian masses. From Simon in "Skibsdrengens fortaelling" to Jensine in "En historie omen perle" to Charlie Despard in "Den unge mand med nelliken" Blixen's fictive personae travel in a world far removed from contemporary Denmark: no one hides in the night from the Gestapo during the occupation. Her literary landscape is just that--mostly a literary construct reflecting her romantic notions of the individual's need to be in love with his or her own "destiny." Her characters, variants on the misunderstood artiste, also tend to suffer from an unquenchable desire for another world; as she writes of Jens in "Det drommende barn" the essence of these characters is most commonly "laengsel" (166) [nostalgic]. Branner's stories and novels on the other hand address the existential plight of mid-twentieth-century Danes in an unstable social environment. His protagonists include office workers caught in their bosses' political struggles, depressed couples traveling to recapture some lost romance, fired employees, empty high-society moguls, and members of the underground resistance. Directly addressing the state of western Europe after World War II, Branner crafts an allegory about infatuation with power, particularly when it presents itself as amoral and passionate (the novel was written after the author's tour of war-torn Germany). Susanne, Rytteren's central figure, is a woman whose unhealthy attachment to her dead former lover, Hubert, an elusive riding master who lives on as a centaur in the memory of those who knew him has frozen her in a limbonic state of existence. In a desperate attempt to find her emotional ballast, she has come to live with Clemens, a guilt-ridden doctor who she hopes can save her from her own suicidal tendencies. …


A new expression for the characteristic function of log-spot in Heston model is presented. This expression more clearly exhibits its properties as an analytic characteristic function and allows us to compute the exact domain of the moment generating function. This result is then applied to the volatility smile at extreme strikes and to the control of the moments of spot. We also give a factorization of the moment generating function as product of Bessel type factors, and an approximating sequence to the law of log-spot is deduced.


7 - I Quantitative Model of Solvent Effects on Hydroxypyridine-Pyridone and Mercaptopyridine-Thiopyridone Equilibria: Correlation with Reaction-Field and Hydrogen- Bonding Effects.


Ring-chain tautomeric equilibria in the 1,3,4,6-tetraketone series 1 have been examined and the identification of the chain-form 2 and hydroxyfuranone 3 has been accomplished from 1H-nmr spectra; the relative contribution of the two depends on the structure and also on the solvent. Conversions of 1 into 3(2H)furanones 4 and 5 involving the cyclic tautomer 3 are described.


We meet computers everywhere in our society. Computers monitor and control the engines and brakes of our cars. They record our purchases at the supermarket, dispense cash at the bank, and record our workouts at the health club. We use com puters in our work also. This paper was written on a computer, as were most of the other papers in this conference. And all of us are involved in using computers to design and manufacture electronic circuits.