Two field experiments were conducted at Teagasc, Moorepark, Ireland, to determine the effect of sowing date and nitrogen application on the dry-matter (DM) yield and crude protein (CP) content of forage rape and stubble turnips. The first experiment consisted of three sowing dates (1 August, 15 August and 31 August) with four rates of fertilizer N (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha−1) on forage rape DM yields. The second experiment consisted of three sowing dates (1 August, 15 August and 31 August) with four rates of fertilizer N (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha−1) over two soil sites (fertile or nitrogen depleted) on forage rape and stubble turnip DM yields. A delay in sowing from 1 to 31 August characterized a 74·5% decrease in forage rape DM yield, while stubble turnip DM yield decreased by 55·5%. Forage rape DM yields increased positively up to 120 kg N ha−1 at the first two sowing dates over both sites. In contrast, stubble turnips showed less response beyond 40 kg N ha−1 on site 1 in the first two sowing dates, while DM yield increased positively up to 120 kg N ha−1 on the less fertile site. The results indicate that the optimal sowing time for forage rape and a stubble turnip in Ireland was early August.


Partzsch, M.: Germination biology of twelve xerothermic grassland, fringe and wood species - Part 6: Lamiaceae. - Hercynia N. F. 49 (2016): 27 – 45. Germination is an important functional trait which might explain structure and dynamic of plant communities, but there is still lack of comparable data. Therefore, with the present study the series on investigation of germination behavior under standardized conditions should be proceeding. Seed germination of the following twelve species of the family Lamiaceae was studied: Acinos arvensis, Ajuga reptans, Betonica officinalis, Clinopodium vulgare, Galeopsis tetrahit, Origanum vulgare, Prunella vulgare, Salvia nemorosa, S. pratensis, Teucrium botrys, T. chamaedrys and Thymus serpyllum. The germination experiments were carried out under three temperature-light regimes (8 / 4 °C, 20 / 10 °C, 32 / 20 °C; 12 h light : 12 h darkness; 45 days), simulating climate conditions in spring, summer and autumn. The collected seeds were divided into two parts. Germination experiment of half of the seeds was carried out in the year of harvest. The other half was buried in soil from November till March, to ensure hibernation until the next experimental phase in following spring. Seed viability was tested before and after the experiments. The results show that germination percentages of six of the species (Betonica officinalis, Clinopodium vulgare, Origanum vulgare, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia nemorosa, Teucrium botrys) were >50 %, whereas seeds of the others (Acinos arvensis, Ajuga reptans, Galeopsis tetrahit, Salvia pratensis, Teucrium chamaedrys, Thymus serpyllum) germinated badly. Clinopodium vulgare and Salvia nemorosa showed a significant optimum of germination under warm conditions, and Prunella vulgaris and Thymus serpyllum under hot conditions, whereas the other species germinated in a broad range of temperature between warm und hot conditions. There was almost no germination under cold conditions. Germination was promoted after hibernation only in the therophytes Galeopsis tetrahit and Teucrium botrys (cold germinators). Most species were characterized by an asynchronous germination (expect from Origanum vulgare and Teucrium botrys), where only part of the seeds germinate. The test of seed viability following the experiment showed that non-germinating seeds are still viable. Their germination behavior and literature references indicate that the investigated diaspores of the Lamiaceae possess physiological and physical dormancy and build up a longterm-persistent diaspore bank in the soil. Key words: dormancy, life form, natural cold stratification, seed bank type, seed viability


The selection of base station location is one of the most important decision issues for mobile operators. We propose in this paper a new multiple criteria decision-making method in order to solve the location of base station problem under fuzzy environment. In the proposed method, the ratings of each alternative and the weight of each criterion are described by linguistic variables which can be expressed by triangular fuzzy numbers. The final evaluation value of each base station (BS) location is also expressed by a triangular fuzzy number. By calculating the difference of final evaluation value between each pair of BS locations, a fuzzy preference relation matrix is constructed to represent the intensity of the preferences of one location over another. And then, a stepwise ranking procedure is proposed to determine the ranking order of all candidate locations. Finally, we have realized simulation in Matlab, and solved different examples of decision-making for selecting the base station location


The recently(Nov-5/2013) launched Mankalyan by the Indian space Research Organization (ISRO) to Mars orbit with Mankalyan contained by small liquid engine(MMH+N2O 4).This will take long time to reach the Mars orbit that is around the 10 Months. Bi-Propellant rocket system has good thrust but low specific impulse and velocity. In future we need a rocket with good high specific impulse and high velocity of rocket system, to reduce the trip time to Mars. Electric propulsion rocket system is expected to become popular with the development of ion-ion pair techniques because this needs low propellant, Design thrust range is 2 N with high efficiency. An ion - ion pair of Electric propulsion rocket system is proposed in this work. Ion-Ion (positive ion- negative ion) Based Rocket system consists of three parts 1.The negative ionization stage with electro negative propellant 2. Ion-Ion plasma formation and ion accelerator 3.Exhaust of Nozzle. The Negative ions from electro negative gas are produced by adding up the gas, such as chlorine with electron emitted from an Electron gun ionization chamber. The formulate of large stable negative ion is achievable in chlorine gas with respect to electron affinity ( . When a neutral chlorine (chlorine act as Electro negativity gas) atom in the gaseous form picks up an electron to form a Cl - ion, it releases energy of 3.6eV. The negative ion density becomes several orders of magnitude larger than that of the electrons, hence forming ion-ion (positive ion - negative ion) plasma at the periphery of the discharge. The distance between ion- ions is important for the evaluate the rocket thrust and it also that the distance is determined by the exhaust velocity of the propellant. Accelerate the ion-ion plasma to a high velocity in the thrust vector direction via grids and the exhaust of ions through Nozzle. The simulation of the ion propulsion system has been carried out by MATLAB. By comparing the simulation results with the theoretical and previous results, we found that the proposed method is achieved of thrust value with high efficiency for simulating the ion propulsion rocket system.


Two issues exist in the convolutional neural network (CNN) used for asphalt pavement crack detection: balance between accuracy and complexity, and indistinct edges of cracks and asphalt pavement surface. Infrared thermography (IRT) could use the temperature difference between cracks and pavement surface to better distinguish cracks. This work aims to propose a robust crack detection method based on CNN and IRT. An open benchmark dataset was built for crack detection based on three types of images, including visible images, infrared images, and the fusion of visible and infrared images (in short, fusion image). The dataset also considers different conditions and periods, including single, multi, thin, and thick cracks; clean, rough, light, and dark backgrounds, and three periods in a day. Seven CNN segmentation models are trained and evaluated on this dataset. To keep a balance between accuracy and complexity, evaluation metrics (accuracy, and computational and model complexity) are used to have an overall evaluation of models rather than only the accuracy. The results show that the accuracy and predictions of the visible image and fusion image are almost identical for all models, which are much better than that of the infrared image. When the background is rough or cracks are similar to the background, the fusion image is a better choice for crack detection. Compared with the visible image, all segmentation models have a more stable performance for the fusion image. Among segmentation models, Feature Pyramid Networks (FPN) could be the best model because of its high accuracy and low complexity.


Investigations are reported, based on a study of the mark left on the anode by a spark in air, which give information about the distribution of conductivity across a spark channel during the first microsecond after initiation. These indicate (a) that the spark channel becomes `hollow' after a few tens of millimicroseconds, with maximum conductivity towards its periphery, (b) that the diameters of the conducting channel, of the mark left on the anode, and of the shock front generated by the spark are approximately coincident for about one hundred millimicroseconds, and (c) that the energy which generated the shock is all supplied to the channel during the first few tens of millimicroseconds.


T A Williams, Headmaster, Longsands School, St. Neots From those sections of the HMA report on the Government of Schools to which David Parkes refers in his paper, one may be left with the impression that the report is largely concerned with opposition to change. This is primarily because Parkes quite properly takes his brief from Circular 7/70 and because after careful consideration the HMA Working Party did not feel that an academic board of the kind prescribed in that circular or indeed advocated by the NUT ought to be adopted by the schools. The HMA report does, in fact, make several quite radical recommendations for change although it is not relevant to consider them in detail here. I will therefore confine my reply to three aspects of Parkes' paper.


The present invention is a new metadata with the media data offset in circular manner in a metadata-based process and the meta data to obtain as contained in the received packets in a streaming multimedia file method at the receiving mobile terminal relates to a multimedia file streaming generating loads the media data stored in accordance with the procedure as with the media data offset included in the new metadata to store the media data included in the packet received in circular manner according to the media data offset included in the new metadata that course also be of a smaller size memory without being limited to the particular terminal is dedicated a specific player, including that there is advantage capable of real-time streaming. Streaming a multimedia file, a terminal, an offset, a metafile. Media data.


The low vapor pressure and concentration of explosive such as TNT and RDX pose significant problems for the detection of explosive vapors in the mmW bands. For the positive identification of explosive vapors using an uncooled passive mmW imaging spectrometer with a low false alarm rate (FAR) requires an unprecedented sensitivity of <150 fW. We report on the recent development of a novel uncooled mmW antenna-coupled direct detector, which shows promise of meeting this requirement.


In the present paper a Flow shop scheduling model in two stage has been studied where the time taken by machines to set-up is separately considered from the processing time. The probabilities with the processing times as well as with the set-up times are also taken into account. The problem is structured specially for the cases when the minimum of expected processing times on second fictitious machine can never be less than to the maximum of expected processing times on first fictitious machine with the objective of minimizing the total of the waiting time for all the jobs. The two of the jobs has been grouped as a block. The significance of the objective has been made clear by computational experiments in comparison to the existing makespan approaches of Johnson and Palmer.


Dear Editor, Yuh et al. reported a satisfactory outcome for their 112 cases of various oncologic operations concerning complication and readmission rates, using the da Vinci Xi surgical system (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) [1]. Although authors suggested the port placement to be more forgiving with the ability of rotatable Xi boom, an efficient port design was not unfortunately available for the respective oncologic procedure. Practically, port placements for the previous system vary in accordance with surgeons' convenience and operative type [2–4]. The manufacturer's manual of the Xi system also recommended three different types of port placements for right abdominal, left abdominal, and pelvic operations, respectively. A universal port design for the Xi system therefore is urgently required, as proper port placement tends to be an initial determinant for successful robot-assisted colorectal cancer surgery. Herein, I would like to suggest a novel port placement that enables multi-quadrant procedures without repositioning the port (Fig. 1). The initial endoscope port (for arm 3) was placed adjacent to the umbilicus to visualize the entire colon, maintaining a distance of 10–15 cm from the lesion. Then, an oblique line was drawn, connecting the anterior superior iliac spine and the left costal margin. Along the oblique line, the first port (for arm 1) was placed 2 cm lateral to the left mid-clavicular line and the second port (for arm 2) was placed 6–8 cm away from the first port. The fourth port (for arm 4) was placed either at the point at the oblique line crossing the right mid-clavicular line for the left colon operation or at the remaining lateral point making a regular triangle with the second port and the former fourth port for the left colon cancer operation. Arm 4 is ordinarily used as the surgeon's active arm for dissection and vessel ligation, whereas arms 1 and 2 are used for retraction and grasping purposes. The resting ports were efficiently used as the assistant's port for gauze insertion, suctioning, and ligation. A robotic cart was placed at the right or left flank corresponding to the operation. Operative methods were similarly performed as previously described [3,4]. A total of 28 colorectal cancer patients (including one patient with synchronous right and left rectal cancers) successfully underwent robot-assisted curative resection using aXi platformwith the currently described port placement (16 low anterior resections, 11 left hemicolectomies, and two right hemicolectomies). We experienced no cases of conversion to the open approach or operative mortality ( 1 month after surgery).


A 76-GHz Gunn voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a high output power and a wide tuning-frequency range was fabricated by optimizing VCO circuits and using laser micromachining. The tuning-frequency range of the fabricated Gunn VCO was more than two times higher than that attained in our previous experiments by optimizing VCO circuits. The VCO attained a tuning-frequency range of 493MHz, out-put power variation of 1.0dB, and tuning-frequency linearity of 6.1% over a tuning-voltage range from 0 to 10V. Its power consumption was 2.0W at operation voltage of 3.6V. And it measured out-put power was 13.3dBm with DC-RF conversion efficiency of 1.0% at 76.5GHz. Moreover, under fundamental-mode operation, it achieved low phase noise of -107.8dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 1MHz. Since laser micromachining was used in fabricating the Gunn VCO, the reproducibility of its RF performance was improved.


Distiller dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a coproduct obtained in the dry-milling process of corn to produce ethanol after fermentation with the yeast Sacharomices cereviceae. The DDGS is a valuable source of energy, protein, phosphorus, water-soluble vitamins and minerals for animals. Increased emphasis on ethanol production in the world has and will continue to lead to significant increases in the amount of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) available to the feed industry. When considering the potential use of an ingredient such as DDGS, primary emphasis is placed on obtaining accurate information regarding metabolizable energy and amino acid composition.


To construct the co-expressing plasmid of FMDV P1-2A gene with porcine IFN-γ gene and express in BHK-21 cells. A P1-2A gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV) was amplified by PCR from the plasmid pGEM-P12A and subcloned into pBudCE-IFN vector for sequencing after purification and digestion. A recombinant plasmid pBudCE-IFN-P1-2A was constructed and transformed into BHK-21 cells with liposome for in vitro expression. 48 hours after transfection,the mRNAs and expressed proteins of P1-2A and IFN-γ were detected by RT-PCR and direct immunofluorescence assay,respectively. The results showed that P1-2A and IFN-γ were successfully transcripted and expressed in BHK-21 cells. It was proved that the recombinant plasmid pBudCE-IFN-P1-2A was successfully constructed and expressed in vitro,providing a solid basis for development of DNA vaccine against FMDV.


A method of manufacturing a color electro-optic display, the method comprising using an electro-optical layer (106) and a light-transmissive conductive layer (104) of the subassembly (100; 200; 300; 402). The subassembly was laminated to the backing plate having an electrode (404, 408), wherein the electro-optic layer (106) is placed on the back plate (404, 408) and the conductive layer (106) between. The flowable material may be disposed sub-assembly (100; 200; 300; 402) on, and the color filter array disposed on the conductive layer (106) and aligned with the back plate (404, 408) of the electrode to form a color display.


This study aims at comparing runoff response of two subbasins in upper Athi basin in Kenya on the basis of their geomorphological characteristics. The study revealed that the distribution of bifurcation ratios and form factors agree with the observed runoff variation in the two subbasins, however basin relief indicate the opposite. Journal of Civil Engineering, JKUAT (2001) Vol 6, 81-88


Technological existence is becoming the main surviving mode of human race when entering post-industrial society.However,potential risks arise from technological existence due to technological uncertainties.This paperm akes an analysis of these risks of technological existence from both theoretical and practical perspectives.Thek ey to avoiding risks of technological existence is man himself.In researching and developing technologies as wella s their application,ethical demands of technological existence and social moral principles of science and technology should be brought into full play,and the outlook on Marxist practice and the new concept of ecological civilizaion should also be fostered.


Objective To apply dynamic three-dimensional blood vessel modeling for analyzing the blood flow parameters obtained by 4 dimensional phase contrast MRI(4D PC- MRI)of Stanford B type aortic dissection,so as to demonstrate the blood flow characteristics of both healthy controls and patients with Stanford B type aortic dissection.Methods Dynamic 3D models of blood vessel were captured from 3DPC-MRI with temporal resolution.A reference vascular crosssectional plane was defined,and the displacement contour information at the same plane was all used to determine the pulsatility of the target vascular cross-sectional planes at multiple time points.The pulsatility parameters of target vascular crosssectional planes were obtained by temporal tracking.The hemodynamic differences between healthy adults(n=19)and patients(n=8)with Stanford B type aortic dissection were analyzed by comparing 4D PC-MRI data of the two groups.ResultsQualitative blood flow visualization showed laminar flow in the aorta of healthy volunteers,without turbulences or vortex formation,with slight helical flow pattern found in the ascending aorta;there were little changes in the wall shear stress in the entire thoracic aorta.The blood flow in the false lumen was multidirectional and complex,with a high incidence of reverse flow,and the true lumens were dominated by aortic flow direction.The peak velocity of blood flow arrived earlier in the false lumen,not in the true lumen.The stroke volume was greater in the true lumen(media[M]54.3mL,interquartile range[IQR]43.2-64.8mL)compared with the false one(M31.6mL,IQR19.8-47.6mL,P0.01).The majority of the flow in the true lumen was forward flow(M91.4%,IQR90.0%-94.2%),whereas the false lumen had a high proportion of backward flow(M40.3%,IQR23.2%-53.3%).The average velocity of blood flow in the false lumen(M7.1cm/s,IQR4.9-9.8cm/s)was lower than that in the true lumen(M 18.0cm/s,IQR13.9-20.6cm/s,P0.01).The maximum velocity occurred earlier in the false lumen during the cardiac cycle 166.0ms after the R-wave(IQR132.8-210.0ms)compared with that in the true lumen(M215.0ms,IQR196.3-249.0ms,P0.01).Helical flow mainly occurred at early-systole stage,at 158ms(IQR145-249ms)after the R-wave,and lasted for 310ms(IQR217-537ms),with the maximum rotation being 820°per cardiac cycle.Conclusion Dynamic 3D modeling method can effectively analyze the flow parameters obtained from 4D PCMRI and can provide qualitative blood flow information.Flow direction,time to peak velocity,and development and changes of helical flow may be involved in the pathology of aortic dissection.


Information on mechanization pattern of sugarcane cultivation and transport were collected/rom the farmers of selected villages of Bulandshahar, Muzaffarnagar and Baghpat districts of Western Uttar Pradesh. Use of sugarcane planter, either semi-automatic or automatic, and sugarcane harvester was found negligible. Generally, farmers owned a tractor-drawnfour-bottom ridger for sugarcane planting and tiller for interculture operations. Cooperative sugar mills at Anoopshahar in Bulandshahar district and Shamli in Muzaffarnagar district were also surveyed to collect data on the mechanism adopted by sugar mills for collection of sugarcane. Sugarcane harvesting is totally manual in the area. Sugar mills collect sugarcane both at the mill gate and at the collection centers located at several places in the area. On an average, the collection at the gate and center were 30% and 70%, respectively. Sugarcane is transported to the mill by using trucks, tractor-trailer and animal carts. Generally, tractor-trailers and animal carts are employed to transport the produce from farmers fields to the mill/collection centers. The collection centers transport sugarcane to the mill on trucks. Buffalo-driven pneumatic wheel animal carts are common. The estimated shares of the three transportation modes are 70, 10, and 20 percent, respectively by trucks, tractor-trailer and animal carts. Sugarcane is a labour intensive crop and a comprehensive mechanization package is needed both for improved cultivation and better sugar recovery.


Recent work on purely transmitting 'jump-defects' in the sine-Gordon model and other relativistic field theories is extended to non-relativistic models. In all the cases investigated the defect conditions are provided by 'frozen' Bäcklund transformations and it is also shown via a Lax pair argument how integrability will be preserved in the presence of this type of defect. Explicit examples of the scattering of solitons by defects are given, and bound states associated with 'jump-defects' in the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) model are described. Although the NLS model provides the principal example, some results are also presented for the Korteweg–de Vries and modified Korteweg–de Vries equations.


Methods for creating digital mathematical collections that include unstructured sets of documents are presented. These sets contain materials from scientific conferences, as well as articles from the archives of mathematical journals of the "pre-digital" period.
Using the software tools of the metadata factory of the digital mathematical library Lobachevskii DML, a mandatory set of metadata for digital collection documents was formed. To refine and replenish the metadata sets, knowledge extraction methods from Wikidata were used.
To search Wikidata for information about digital collection documents and their authors, a system of SPARQL queries has been developed. A set of Wikidata entities is defined, which determine the features of the search, as well as the subsequent filtering of the results.
Methods for clarifying and supplementing the bibliographic references given in the articles are proposed. When forming the metadata of documents of retrocollections, a search was made in Wikidata for information about the years of life of the authors of articles, as well as URLs of web pages with information about articles and their authors. The results of the formation of several new digital collections of the Lobachevskii-DML digital library are presented.


The thermodynamic phases of the rigid‐rod gas are re‐examined. Introduced in its present form by Zwanzig, the model postulates elongated molecules of parallelepiped shape with only three allowed orientations (mutually perpendicular). We have added to the virial series the cluster integrals represented by eight‐point bicolored graphs. It is demonstrated that the Pade approximants generated by the truncated cluster expansion provide a much more stable sequence of parameters characterizing the isotropic–anisotropic phase transition. It is similarly shown that there are no stable phases predicted for which the orientational distribution is not axially symmetric. The relative volume change accompanying the transition is still predicted to be larger than that observed in the isotropic–nematic liquid crystal transition.


The invention concerns fungicidal compounds, and compositions containing them, of general formula (I) in which G is selected from the groups G1 to G9: (a) in which the different symbols represent various organic groups. The invention also concerns a method for treating plants using these compounds.


The idea of unification of man and nature in Chi nese traditional architecture is analyzed, from palace, folk house, garden and t emple design the embodiment of the idea of unification of man and nature in Chin ese traditional architecture is elaborated. Chinese traditional architecture is the result of Chinese traditional culture, which should be inherited and develop ed.


The Arboviruses, belonging to the flavivirus family are viruses transmitted by hematophagous arthropods. They transmit the virus to humans through their bite. Among the main viruses that have been highlighting in Brazil and worldwide are the Aedes aegypti considered today as the most important strain of diseases that has the ability to adapt to the conditions of the environment in urban areas. Aedes aegypti is the transmitter of the yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya virus. Aedes stegomyia transmitter of the zika virus. The control of the Aedes spp. and the quickest possible diagnosis of the diseases caused is essential for the treatment of infected persons and the improvement of public health in Brazil. Molecular assays are considered fast and sensitive for the diagnosis of infections due to diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, zika and chikungunya. The most commonly used molecular detection method is RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), because it identifies the viral serotype quickly and detects small amounts of the virus when there is a problem with the sample. Also Real Time PCR because it is rapid, it has quantitative measurement, with low degree of contamination and possibility of standardization. Due to the cross-reactivity that has been occurring between the flavivirus antibodies for the yellow fever, dengue and zika virus tests, virus isolation, neutralization and platelet reduction tests have been used as a diagnosis for yellow fever as confirmation of disease. With the increase in the number of cases of dengue, zika and chikungunya diseases, rapid diagnosis through molecular methods has been important in order to provide the best treatment and outcome for the patient.


Performance anxiety, or stage fright, is a serious and frequently incapacitating disorder among musicians. Decrements in performance resulting from this condition include somatic disturbances such as tremor, and disturbances of perceptual and cognitive function, such as distortions of time perception and failures of attention. Two experiments on the effects of anxiolytics on accuracy and consistency of performance are here described. Professional violinists who suffered from mild performance anxiety were asked to play repeating musical passages as accurately, consistently, and steadily as possible. The performances were recorded and subjected to computer analysis. In one experiment, the consumption of a small amount of alcohol was found to be associated with a significant increment in regularity of tempo, a marginally significant increment in steadiness in playing the notes, and yet a highly significant decrement in consistency of intonation. A second experiment which examined the effects of two prescription anxiolytics is also described.


Line balancing addresses the issues of balancing production, and it generally minimizes the idle time for all the events and combinations of workstations. Factors such as lack of materials, design changes in the product, and labor position may also be considered in line balancing. We approached a bearing manufacturing industry in Coimbatore, India, and proposed a solution in increasing the production of bearing by the method of line balancing. In this paper, we discuss solving the line balancing problem in two different platforms; the first, by rearranging the existing tasks over the workstations, and the second, by using Timer Pro Professional software when grouping similar kinds of activities to find out the most optimized productivity. The results obtained were optimistic and profitable to the company. We were able to increase production of bearings by 4628 bearings by rearranging, and 55,770 bearings by using the Timer Pro Professional software. This proposal suggests the company should change its present line of operations for better productivity and profitability.


integrated circuit, carried out in a technology node less than 90 nm, comprising at least a first active area (21, 22, 30, 33, 34), a second active region (20), at least one first metal contact (83) said at least one first active region, at least one second metal contact (93) on said at least one second active region having a cross section at least twice greater than that of said at least one first contact.


Introduction. Obesity, due to its high prevalence and relevance, can be considered an epidemic of modern society. Obesity-related microcirculatory vascular disease and chronic inflammation with endothelial dysfunction are associated with adverse effects on reproductive potential. Sulodexide reduces the risk of hemostatic complications in patients planning pregnancy due to its polypotent effect, which is especially important in metabolic disorders and comorbidities. Therefore, it is promising to assess the effectiveness of integrated management of obese patients as part of pregnancy planning.
Aim. To modify the complex treatment of obesity in patients planning pregnancy to reduce the risk of reproductive losses and gestational complications.
Materials and methods. The prospective analysis included 92 patients with grade 1 obesity. According to the clinical protocols and guidelines of the Reproductive Health Professional Medical Association, 46 patients in the control group (group 1) were prescribed treatment to reduce the body mass index, including lifestyle correction, folic acid, and vitamin D. Patients in the comparison group (Group 2, n=46) also received endotheliotropic agent sulodexide. The treatment efficacy was analyzed based on the frequency of pregnancy, the change of laboratory markers of endothelial dysfunction, the incidence of gestational complications, and reproductive losses.
Results. The study showed that in comparison group patients, the frequency of pregnancy (58.7% of cases in Group 1, 71.7% in Group 1), favorable course of the first trimester (39.1% in Group 1, 63.0% in Group 2), and delivery at term (30.4% in Group 1, 56.5% in Group 2) were higher compared to the control group. There was also a more significant decrease in the body mass index and endothelial dysfunction factors (homocysteine level in group 1 before treatment was 172.4 mol/L, and 141.8 mol/L after treatment; 191.7 mol/L before treatment and 91.4 mol/L after treatment in Group 2, respectively) in patients receiving complex treatment with sulodexide. Analysis of the pregnancy course showed a lower risk of gestational diabetes (33.3% in Group 1 and 13.8% in Group 2).
Conclusion. Treatment of obesity in patients planning pregnancy requires a complex effect aimed at correcting lifestyle, reducing body weight, restoring the endothelial layer, and reducing the severity of chronic inflammation, thus improving reproductive outcomes and minimizing the risk of gestational complications.


The capacity factors (k′) were determined by reversed phased high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) on a C18 column for 18 substituted indoles. The linear relationship between the (k′) values and the percentage of the methanol in the eluent was tested for each compound. The molecular connectivity indices and quantum chemical parameters were calculated for the tested chemicals and used to develop quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRR). Results demonstrated that the molecular connectivity indices and quantum chemical parameters could be used to predict the k′ for all of the test compounds, and the molecular connectivity indices MCI method was more accurate.


Consumers buying decisions vary based on various impact factors. In particular, Hofstede's different dimensions on cultural variables have impacts on the consumers with high degree. The women consumer's purchasing decisions are highly concerned with social, cultural and ethical environmental factors. In particular, Middle East women consumer's buying behavior is different from others. A study was conducted with 122 samples to identify the level of impact of cultural variables on Middle East women consumers to identify the impact of cultural variables on product choices. The impact levels of Hofstede's dimensions have been studied. An impact model has been developed based on the outputs.


Our interest in this paper is to explore limit theorems for various geometric functionals of excursion sets of isotropic Gaussian random fields. In the past, limit theorems have been proven for various geometric functionals of excursion sets/sojourn times ( see [5, 15, 16, 19, 24, 28] for a sample of works in such settings). The most recent addition being [8] where a CLT for Euler-Poincaré characteristic of the excursions set of a Gaussian random field is proven under appropriate conditions. In this paper, we shall obtain a central limit theorem for some global geometric functionals, called the Lipschitz-Killing curvatures of excursion sets of Gaussian random fields in an appropriate setting.


We present a new kernel method for appearance-based object recognition, highly robust to noise and occlusion. It consists of a fully connected Markov random field that integrates results of Spin Glass theory with Gibbs probability distributions via nonlinear kernel mapping. We call this model Spin Glass-Markov Random Field. We present theoretical analysis and several experiments that show its effectiveness and robustness to noise and occlusion. We obtain in both cases excellent results. Particularly, we achieve a recognition rate above 93% with just 40% of visible portion of the object.


OBJECTIVE
Gastric cancer is a genetically heterogeneous disease that progresses via different oncogenes. MicroRNA (miRNA) can regulate oncogene expression at the post-translational level. In this review, we summarize the most commonly altered miRNAs and their possible roles in cancer initiation and progression in gastric cancer.

DATA SOURCES
Most articles were identified by searching PubMed online resources using the key terms of microRNA and gastric cancer.

STUDY SELECTION
Mainly original milestone articles and critical reviews written by major pioneer investigators in the field were selected, and the 69 most important articles were cited finally.

RESULTS
A set of miRNAs are consistently deregulated in gastric cancer, although there is no clear miRNA expression profiles, such as miR-21 and miR-17 (∼92 clusters). These deregulated miRNAs play important roles in promoting cell proliferation, tumor metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance in gastric cancer by targeting different oncogenes. Clinical relevance of these deregulated miRNAs is proved to be associated with TNM stages, metastasis, and prognosis of gastric cancer patients. In addition, circulating miRNAs are promising noninvasive biomarkers for gastric cancer.

CONCLUSIONS
miRNAs have produced a novel paradigm in research in gastric cancer. These small molecules play macroroles in gastric cancer initiation and progression. These results will help us improve management of gastric cancer in future.


exclusively to books and articles about Dracula. His two-volume Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving, eight other novels, two collections of short stories and numerous shorter pieces for newspapers and magazines are largely forgotten. Information about Stoker's life is scant, due to his own reticence and a lack of primary source material. The state of his marriage, his sexual orientation, the exact nature of his relationship with Henry Irving, for whom he worked as manager of Lyceum Theatre for twenty-seven years, even the cause of his death appear unclear. Direct evidence for the influence of his life experience on his literary work is therefore lacking. However, Stoker was part of an Anglo-Irish late Victorian Gothic tradition of writing, and he shares with his fellow writers (Maturin, LeFanu, Bowen) a number of characteristics: fascination with the occult, in-depth explorations of the effect of terror on the psyche, repression and its return as the monstrous. Terry Eagleton is one of a number of contemporary critics who see Protestant Gothic as 'the political unconscious of Anglo-Irish society, the place where its fears and fantasies most definitively emerge.' Eagleton notes that the vast majority of Irish gothic is set outside Ireland, often in historically remote and geographically unknown environments. This deliberate distancing of experience is explained by drawing attention to the political and social isolation of the Anglo-Irish and to their precarious economic position, a situation calculated to induce a state of paranoia that is then worked out in the unfamiliar yet parallel landscape of Gothic fiction. Alison Milbank refers specifically to Stoker's sense of 'doubleness', 'as being both part of a quasi-imperial order and


The circulation situation and vertical air flow structure of a strong convective storm in Dalian on 15 June,2010 was analyzed using the sounding data from GTS1 digital radiosonde,conventional observation data,and NCEP/NCAR 1°×1° reanalysis data.And the strong convective storm is simulated by the fully elastic three-dimensional convective storm model(IAP-CSM3D) that developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP),the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The initial field of the model is the observational data,combining the observational data by the Doppler weather radar,the distribution and evolution of macro-physical as well as micro-physical variations such as wind field structure,radar echo structure,overhang echo,bound weak echo region,strong echo wall and water content,et al.in the hailstone are analyzed.Some typical features of supercell structure are revealed on the basis of the analysis.The formation mechanism of hailstone in the storm was analyzed too.The results show that the auto-conversion of frozen drops is the main source of the hailstone in the strong convective storm process.Hailstones mainly depend on the processes of collecting supercooled water(CLch,CLrh) to grow.The process of hail particles collecting with graupel and snowflake is relatively stronger,while the growth process of hail particles collected with ice crystal is very small.


We would like to thank Drs. Bedenne, Le Malicot and Drouillard for their commentary on our recently published networked meta-analysis (1). There is no worldwide agreement on the best perioperative oncological management of this disease so we are pleased this article has encouraged debate.


One enduring project of pan-Africanists is an all-Africa union as the solution to Africa's socio-economic predicament. They view the lack of such a union as one of the major causes of the predicament. From Nkrumah to the African Union (AU) passing by the Organization of African Unity (OAU), their disagreements have been about the means and ways of achieving this goal. In their view, the development of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is inseparable from that of North Africa. I argue that this is not and should not be the case, because SSA socio-economic outcomes and their causes diverge organically from those of North Africa. As the institutional symbol of this pan-African view, the AU should be dismantled. SSA should be allowed to reconstitute itself, without North Africa, into a self-sustaining, organically integrated Unifederation that can finally address and solve its predicament. Gaddafi's demise allows SSA to do so.


Recently published results of a randomised, double-blind, multi-centre, placebo-controlled trial involving 1113 women from North America and Brazil indicate that a vaccine against the two most common human papillomavirus types causing cervical cancer, is highly effective


Abstract Retention of glycopyrrolate and its diastereomeric impurity was studied on a β-cyclodextrin-bonded phase column as function of pH and salt additives. The retention can be modeled by a linear model with pH and ionic strength as independent variables. On the basis of these data, simple and precise method for diastereomeric purity determination of glycopyrrolate was developed.


At room-temperature, the Hall mobility observed in epitaxic n-InP samples grown by metal-organic vapour-phase epitaxy is often lower than predicted, with a corresponding rise in the electronic concentration. These effects are attributed to the presence of a residual deep donor center that both acts as a strong scatterer and provides the additional electronic excitation observed at high temperature as it ionizes. A binding energy of 215 meV is consistent with both electrical-transport measurements and the observed photoluminescence.


Nuclear Medicine, by integrating information on relative myocardial perfusion, ventricular function and absolute quantitative data such as myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve, expands and modifies the scope of evaluation of patients with chronic coronary insufficiency. These measures are producing a paradigm shift in the assessment and management of patients with CAD, allowing the definition of a broad spectrum of coronary vascular dysfunction. These quantitative tools provide a measure of the integrated effects of focal coronary stenoses, diffuse atherosclerosis, and microvascular dysfunction on myocardial perfusion. This data set allows improving the diagnosis and assessment of the extent of epicardial disease, reclassifying the prognosis, demonstrated through robust literature data that confirm the incremental value over other variables in the risk stratification of patients with ischemic heart disease, and allow to identify coronary microcirculatory disease with or without epicardial CAD. A more accurate and sensitive assessment of myocardial tissue ischemia is then obtained. This chapter explores these possibilities, the assessment of myocardial viability, and the future perspectives of Nuclear Medicine, which include the development of new radiopharmaceuticals focused on molecular imaging and the creation of new hybrid devices that combine functional and anatomical information in a single test


The Augmented Reality is an interactive medium, namely virtual images that are integrated into real life. The study employs literature review, especially by using secondary data obtained by summarizing several research articles related to the use of media which are carried out with the aim of describing and interpreting relevant information related to the use of augmented reality media. The study results are: 1) IPS learning in elementary schools is intended for students to become human beings and good citizens, as expected by themselves, their parents, society and religion; 2) Learning Media can make it easier for someone to convey a material or information to listeners; 3) AR media as a technology that objects in two or three dimensions in a certain way. AR media provides space for students to improve their learning process


The incidence of first–episode myocardial infarction (and sudden death) has been determined from an epidemiological study of coronary heart disease during the years 1965, 1966, 1967 and 1968. This appears to be the first such study on an Australian population. The methodology used has allowed comparison of results with figures published from 12 other studies in the Western world. The Albury–Wodonga study focuses attention on a relatively high incidence of the disease in women, and in both sexes in old age.


This paper proposes a novel and simple multipath search with atted-hexagon or diamond pattern for block motion estimation to achieve adjustable speed/accuracy in block-matching algorithm (BMA). To improve the accuracy of the fast BMA near to that of full search (FS), the inherent problem of being trapped at the local minimum block distortion measure (BDM) should be overcome substantially. In the proposed method, a threshold of BDM is introduced to determine the possible-optimal search directions in order to escape from being trapped into a local minimum BDM, followed by a attedhexagon or diamond search performed in these directions with a BDM below a threshold. Then, the estimated motion vector will be re ned at each search step until the searching process is stopped. The BDM threshold will be adjustable for the purpose of adjusting the search speed and search accuracy speci ed in the certain applications. Experimental results show that the proposed multipath search algorithm can achieve an average matching probability up to 98% near to that of FS and about 10 times of checking points faster than FS in most of real-world sequences.


markdownabstract__Abstract__

In 1719, Hensing published the first monograph on the chemical composition of the brain, in
which he isolated phosphorus from cerebral tissue. His work is considered a cornerstone of
modern neurochemistryl. One century later, Vauquelin demonstrated that the phosphorus was
actually bound to fat in the brain2. Meanwhile, cholesterol, a marker for all lipoproteins, was first
discovered in bile and in gallstones by Poulletier de Ia Salle in 17693 and then rediscovered in
1815 by Chevreul, who named it"cholesterine"4.1n 1823, Chevreul's work resulted in his masterpiece
on lipids" Recherches chimiques sur /es corps gras d'origine animate" where he described for
the first time several fatty acids (margaric, oleic, stearic, butyric and caproic acids), including isovaleric
acid (he named it"acide phocenique"), the first branched-chain fatty acid to be isolated
from the head oil of dolphins and from porpoise oi15. Ten years later, in 1833, Boudet found
cholesterol in blood6• Finally, in 1884, Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudichum published another
fundamental work"A treatise on the chemical constitution of the brain'; in which he described the
presence of sphinosine in brain, but also the presence of a choline and sphingosine containing
phospholipid without glycerol, which he named sphingomyelin. He additionally described the
presence of cerebrosides and sulfatides in brain extracts and isolated cephalin (phosphatidylethanolamine)
as a phospholipid distinct from lecithin (phosphatidylcholine).


The present study was undertaken to explore the role of interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) p40 in the expression of TNF‐α in microglia. Interestingly, we have found that IL‐12 p70, p402 (the p40 homodimer) and p40 (the p40 monomer) dose‐dependently induced the production of TNF‐α and the expression of TNF‐α mRNA in BV‐2 microglial cells. In addition to BV‐2 microglial cells, p70, p402 and p40 also induced the production of TNF‐α in mouse primary microglia and peritoneal macrophages. As the activation of both NF‐κB and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is important for the expression of TNF‐α in microglial cells, we investigated the effect of p40 on the activation of NF‐κB as well as C/EBPβ. Activation of NF‐κB as well as C/EBPβ by p40 and inhibition of p40‐induced expression of TNF‐α by Δp65, a dominant‐negative mutant of p65, and ΔC/EBPβ, a dominant‐negative mutant of C/EBPβ, suggests that p40 induces the expression of TNF‐α through the activation of NF‐κB and C/EBPβ. In addition, we show that p40 induced the activation of both extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). Interestingly, PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK, inhibited p40‐induced expression of TNF‐α through the inhibition of C/EBPβ, but not that of NF‐κB, whereas SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, inhibited p40‐induced expression of TNF‐α through the inhibition of both NF‐κB and C/EBPβ. This study delineates a novel biological function of p40 in inducing TNF‐α in microglia and macrophages.


recurrence of the disease. There were also inoperable cases and those which had been unsuccessfully treated with x rays or radium. Most of these patients were dead, their cachexia haviing been extreme when the treatment was started, but in almost all these cases the treatment had afforded some degree of relief. Of the remainder, there were several whose disease was " stabilized, and some in whom regression of the disease was demnonstrable, with complete cicatrization. The authors of this report concluded:


of JP 61 034 504. Primary Examiner-Paul R. Michi Assistant Examiner-Tae H. Yoon Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Sprung Horn Kramer &


Janecek A., Adamovský R ., 2012. Optimisation of a clam bunk skidder from the emission production point of view. Res. Agr. Eng., 58: 136–141. This article presents a proposal of a simple mathematical model for minimisation of the production of extraneous substances as a function of the rate of operation performance of a production system. The model is then verified by operation tests of the Terri 2040 clam bunk skidder and by determining the system's optimal rate of performance from the point of view of production of SO 2 , HC and NO x emissions. The operation tests conducted to verify the mathematical model have confirmed that conditions can be determined for the production system at which it produces minimum emissions. Min. values of SO 2 , and HC were achieved at approximately the same rate of performance of the clam bunk skidder. Minimum values of NO x were achieved at significantly higher rate of performance of the equipment. At the calculated optimal rate of operating performance of the Terri 2040 clam bunk skidder, the values of the produced emissions were determined per m 3 of timber: SO 2 = 1.00035 g/m 3 , HC = 7.796 g/m 3 and NO x = 0.277 g/m 3 .


A ring R is called right Weakly AGP-injective or right WAGP-injective for short, if for any 0 ≠a ε R there exist b ε R and a left ideal X<inf>ab</inf> such that ab = ba ≠0 and lr(ab)=Rab ⊕ X<inf>ab</inf>. In this Article, we mainly investigate properties of right WAGP-injective rings, especially, right WAGP-injective rings satisfying ascending chain conditions on some right annihilator, and right WAGP-injective left noetherian rings are studied respectively. Moreover, left noetherian right GP-injective rings are also investigated.


The intention of this paper is to vindicate the historical sociology of genocide. This project demonstrates important continuities as well as discontinuities in the history of genocide. These findings call into question the thesis of Zygmunt Bauman that the modernity of the Holocaust challenges orthodox approaches to the sociology of morality and politics. While the Holocaust undoubtedly manifested distinctive features of modern society, it also reproduced ancient motivational and structural sources of genocide. What follows from this analysis is not, as Bauman argues, a radical critique of modern civilization, but a clearer view of the interrelations between the constructive and destructive features of all civilizations. If modernity produced the Holocaust, it also produced the sociological and moral critique of genocide. Today, more than at any other time, the Holocaust is not a private property (if it ever was one); not of its perpetrators, to be punished for; not of its direct victims, to ask for special sympathy, favours or indulgence on account of past sufferings; and not of its witnesses, to seek redemption or certificates of innocence. The present-day significance of the Holocaust is the lesson it contains for the whole of humanity. (Bauman 1989: 206)l 1. MODERNITY AND GENOCIDE Sociological analysis of the Holocaust, Zygmunt Bauman has argued, calls into question central beliefs of the sociology of morality and of politics. Orthodox sociology, he holds, proposes that social institutions produce and maintain moral behaviour. On this view, society is a humanizing and moralizing device, and, if immoral behaviour is other than marginal ('deviant'), this is to be explained as an effect of the BJS Volumeno.46 Issueno.2 Junel995 ISSN0007-1315 )LondonSchoolofEconomicsl995 This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Sat, 02 Nov 2019 02:03:04 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms


One of the crucial, take home stories to date of the "Great Financial Crisis" is, of course, that of maddening elite hypocrisy. Not only has neo-liberalism's long-promised trickle-down growth failed to materialize, but now vast swathes of the population of the Western world have been thrown into financial hardship. Several sovereign European nations stand on the precipice of receivership. And according to the Asian Development Bank, some $50 trillion in global asset values was written down in 2008 alone. That the costs of this disaster are being passed on to the masses is clear: political leaders of the major EU powers have continued to speak openly about the need for "ten years of austerity" and drastic cuts in public spending. Meanwhile leading public figures like Angela Merkel speak now with conviction of the duty of the "good European" to practice tough love, condemning the profligacy on the periphery which she believes has now placed the euro itself "in danger." In this sense, mainstream debate over the causes of the financial crisis has turned on a discourse of good citizenship, delineated in terms of economic responsibility, and moral courage. What is remarkable about this discourse of responsibility is what it has managed to forget. As Surin reminds us, for example, much of the wayward behavior claimed to be at the heart of the crisis can actually be traced back to successive waves of neoliberal or "supply-side" deregulation of global finance, dating back to the 1970s (p. 70). Those reforms attest to the premium that neoliberals have placed upon privatizing sources of wealth while extending social


Ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) are useful in many fields of medicine and sports. Nevertheless, their measurement is cumbersome and needs trained personnel. This work proposes an alternative method to predict VT1, VT2 and maximum loads in incremental maximal tests based on heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Twelve competitive male cyclists executed an incremental exhaustive test. During the test, RR time series and gas concentrations were recorded. After artifact correction the power spectrum was estimated in a sliding window, and central frequency (CF) and bandwidth that contains half the total power (BW) were computed. An automatic algorithm recognized the loads where CF and BW undergo a significant change. These loads were used as inputs in linear regression models to predict VT1, VT2 and maximum loads. The errors of the predictions are similar to the load resolution.


iabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CAD) (1-3). CAD is the leading cause of death in DM patients (4). Myocardial infarction (MI), Angina and sudden death rates in diabetic patients are higher than normal population (5). D 1. MD, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, Iran. 2. MD, Assistant Professor of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 3. MD, Cardiologist, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, Iran. 4. DDH, Assistant Professor of Maxilo Facial Radiology Dental Factuly Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 5. Nuclear Medicine Specialist, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 6. MD, Assistant Professor Community Medicine. Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 7. MD, Department of Cardiology, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 8. Nuclear Medicine Technologist. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 9. MD, Associated professor, Department of Radiology, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.


A numerical solution of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE) is presented for a system of spherical micelles with counterfoil binding. The approach investigates the following effects on ion micelle interactions, (i) total surface charge, (ii) competitions of different counter ions on micellar surfaces and (iii) surface potential determination. The theory is applied to interpret the ion activities in micellar solution as measured by ion-selective electrodes.


The sudden death of Dr. John Gilfillan Ronald, on 22nd October, was felt to be a very severe blow by the community of the Larbert and Stenhousemuir district of Stirlingshire. Dr. Ronald graduated M.B., C.M., with commendation, at Glasgow University in 1892, and then assisted, and finally succeeded his father in the practice at Larbert, which father and son between them held with such distinction for over one hundred years. The sterling qualities of Dr. Ronald's character endeared him to all who came in contact with him. He was devoted to his profession and 110 man could have lived a more


Various types of synchronization phenomena have been reported in coupled chaotic systems. In recent years, the applications of these phenomena have been advancing for utilization in sensor network systems, secure communication systems, and biomedical systems. Specifically, chaos–chaos intermittency (CCI) synchronization is a characterized synchronization phenomenon. Previously, we proposed a new chaos control method, termed as the "reduced region of orbit (RRO) method," to achieve CCI synchronization using external feedback signals. This method has been gathering research attention because of its ability to induce CCI synchronization; this can be achieved even if internal system parameters cannot be adjusted by external factors. Further, additive stochastic noise is known to have a similar effect. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of the RRO method and the method that applies stochastic noise, both of which are capable of inducing CCI synchronization. The results showed that even though CCI synchronization can be realized using both control methods under the induced attractor merging condition, the RRO method possesses higher adoptability and accomplishes a higher degree of CCI synchronization compared to additive stochastic noise. This advantage might facilitate the application of synchronization in coupled chaotic systems. key words: chaos, synchronization, control, reduced region of orbit method


A recent opinion article suggested that the target article, "The holobiont mind: A bridge between 4E cognition and the microbiome", wished to generate a "new theory of mind". Furthermore, it contained ideas that were "unnecessary", "not justified", and "not innovative at all". Furthermore the commentators consider that "the ideas of radical enactivism can properly accommodate this research". Here, we address and clarify apprehensions, misreadings, and misunderstandings raised by the commentators.


CdSe/poly(butyl acrylate) nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ miniemulsion polymerization. The hybrid nanomaterial is very stable and presents a bright green photoluminescence at 2.29 eV under ultraviolet excitation. With the excitation conditions used the intensity of the emission band keeps nearly constant from 7 K to room temperature. The morphological, structural and room temperature electrical properties of the CdSe/poly(butyl acrylate) nanocomposite have been investigated.


Purpose: To determine the findings of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of acute and chronic benign compression fracture, metastatic compression fracture, and spondylitis, and to differentiate between them. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine cases with vertebral compression fractures (17 metastatic, 16 acute osteo-porotic, 11 old osteoporotic, 5 acute traumatic) and seven with spondylitis (4 tuberculous, 3 pyogenic) under-went MR imaging. All cases were classified as belonging to one of four groups: A: acute osteoporotic and trau-matic, B: metastatic, C: old osteoporotic, or D: spondylitic. For MR imaging, a 1.5-T scanner (Magnetom Vision, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) was used, and the diffusion-weighted imaging sequence was based on reversed fast imaging with steady-state precession (PSIF) and a relatively low b value of about 150 sec/mm 2. Signal intensity characteristics were evaluated in terms of the contrast ratio (CR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of bone marrow. Results: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging showed that signal intensity in group A was hypointense to adjacent normal vertebral bodies, but in group B, hyperintensity was noted. In group C, signal intensity was variable, while in group D, hyperintensity was again noted. Diffusion-weighted imaging revealed that in group A, bone marrow CR had a negative value, while in groups B and D, this value was positive (p .01). Conclusion: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging revealed that the signal intensity of metastatic compression fracture and spondylitis was hyperintense to adjacent normal vertebral bodies, that of acute benign compression fracture was hypointense, and that of chronic benign compression fracture was variable. This modality is therefore useful for differentiating between metastatic compression fracture, spondylitis and acute benign compression fracture.


Objective To investigate the treatment of grade IV leucopenia after chemotherapy in patients with carcinoma.Methods There were 22 patients who developed grade IV leucopenia after chemotherapy. All of them were given protective isolation, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and antibiotics.Results White blood cells count ranged from (0.2~0.96)×10 9/L with an average of (0.66±0.26)×10 9/L after chemotherapy. It returned to a normal level 3 to 10 days after treatment. Twelve patients had a fever and the temperature ranged from 38.2 ℃ to 40.5 ℃ with an average of (39.23±0.74) ℃. Three patients suffered from secondary infection from which 1 patient died. The other 21 patients recovered well at last.Conclusion Patients with grade IV leucopenia as a result of chemotherapy can recover completely if effective therapies are performed timely.


In this issue of Public Health Nutrition, eight papers present the latest research on how to display nutrition information for packaged foods and restaurant meals to encourage consumers to make healthier choices. These papers highlight the many factors that can influence effective communication of nutrition information to ensure that consumers notice, correctly interpret and utilize the information, as well as the difficulties in implementing voluntary v. mandatory nutrition reporting systems. Research into the effectiveness of nutrition labels dates back as early as the 1970s, with major milestones being the introduction of various legislative pieces around the world, including the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 (NLEA) in the USA and the Food Information to Consumers (FIC) Regulation 2011 in Europe. Certain aspects of nutrition labelling have become mandatory, for example the nutrition facts panel in the USA, a nutrition information panel in Australia (Food Standards Australia New Zealand 2011) or the nutrition table per 100 g/ml, on the back of a pack, in the EU (EU 1169/2011).


In 1911 malt factory owner Ignatz Briess of Olmütz/Olomouc wrote a memoir to explain the nature of Jewish life in small town Moravia before the Revolution of 1848 to his children and grandchildren. He related that he had attended a German-Jewish Trivialschule, a German-language elementary school run by the Jewish community for Jewish children, in his home town of Prerau/Přerov in the late 1830s and early 1840s. At the school, the children had two to three hours of German subjects every morning; and at the end of every year, the state school inspector, a local priest, examined them on their studies. At the same time, Briess learned Hebrew, Bible, and Talmud in the cheder, the traditional Jewish school, for seven more hours every day. The cheder, he remarked, was just like those in Halbasien, that is, Galicia, or Eastern Europe. Despite his reference to Karl Emil Franzos's negative evaluation of Galician Jewish life, Briess described the chaotic conditions in the cheder positively and with considerable warmth. His father, a grain dealer and manager of a noble estate who had studied at the famous Pressburg yeshiva in Hungary and who read Goethe, Schiller, Shakespeare, Spinoza, Mendelssohn, and Kant in his spare time, made sure that his son received a thorough Jewish education. The memoir, a nostalgic evocation of a vanished world, describes a Jewish community that was deeply pious, enmeshed in the world of Jewish religious tradition yet also influenced by secular, German-language culture, much of it expressed in Jewish terms. At his bar mitzvah in 1846, Briess gave a droschoh (a traditional learned discourse) for which the traditional rabbi helped him prepare, and a "German sermon," on which he worked with his Trivialschule teacher.


This report describes a program designed to develop positive attitudes toward reading and to improve achievement in third and fourth grade students in two Midwestern communities. Teachers' observations and conversations with parents and students indicated students did not receive essential reading practice time to improve skills. Analysis of probable cause data revealed reasons for avoidance of independent reading included poor attitude, ability, competing activities, and low value of reading. Instructional methods, time constraints, and demand for more skills instruction and testing contributed to the lack of independent reading time. When time was provided, students often used it ineffectively. Review of professional literature resulted in selection of several interventions: daily independent reading time, use of the Accelerated Reader program, and instructional strategies to improve reading attitude and achievement. Post intervention data indicated an increase in reading achievement, but was inconclusive in regard to attitude toward reading. Appendixes contain a parent questionnaire and an observation checklist. (Contains 28 references, and 4 tables and 6 figures of data.) (Author/RS)


A few years ago, I attended for the first time a performance of Mozart's opera, The Magic Flute. The electrifying moment came when the Queen of the Night launched into her aria. I sat bolt-upright on the edge of the seat, and must have held my breath for the entire duration. My heart ached and tears welled up in my eyes. Her voice rang through me everywhere as though I had dematerialized into an exquisitely sensitive ethereal being that filled the auditorium. There was intense excitement, but also something supremely joyful and serene. No words can capture that charged moment but that I was in the presence of the sublime.


Pyrene as an important chemical building block has found wide applications in the field of organic electronics. In solution, pyrene and its derivatives are well-known examples for excimer formation. Here, we studied the boron-nitrogen (BN)-substituted pyrene, decorated with thiophene side chain. From density-functional theory (DFT) calculation, this isoelectronic BN substitution maintains the coplanarity of the central motif and the delocalized π-electron distribution, but additionally induces a much stronger permanent dipole moment. Time-dependent DFT indicates a much-reduced oscillator strength for low energy transitions, and surprisingly a forbidden π-π* transition, therefore resulting in a much red-shifted absorption spectrum. Our simulation results call for future experiments to study the photo-excited properties of BN-substituted pyrene and molecular self-assembly through dipole-dipole interaction and π-π* interaction.


We developed an energy and heat budget model for eider ducks. All relevant processes have been quantified. Food processing, diving costs, prey heating, the costs of crushing mussel shells, heat losses during diving as well as during resting, and heat production as a result of muscle activity are distinguished. In the report, blue mussels are regarded as food source, and we computed the profitability of small to large sized mussels for a duck. Finally, the possibility for a duck to survive winter conditions when feeding on a mussel population with a known size frequency distribution is calculated during a simulation run. Conditions for four sites in The Netherlands, France, Denmark and Sweden are regarded and there implications for the foraging behaviour of an eider duck are computed. The implications of the presence of barnacle epibionts are briefly discussed.


In the text,the conventional screw and nut which is equipped to the hydraulic machine to adjust open height of buffer device has been improved,an electrical control buffer mechanism has been designed.The motor drives the rotation of the spline shaft that connected with the worm,and then the spline shaft passes the motion to the trapezoidal screw to realize stretched out and turn back movements in order to achieve the purpose of adjust by electrical in the final.In order to control the distance of the trapezoidal screw stretched out and return back and the range of the movements,a rotary encoder has been used to count and calculate the move distance of the trapezoidal screw and a stroke limiter has been designed to set the range of motion for the mechanism.The design that proposed overcomes the deficiency of the conventional mechanism which needs manual operations.Finally the example shows some major steps of calculations for this mechanism.


One of the locutionary cohesive devices in journalistic discourses is the redundant employment of repetition,which refers to the successive appearance of several words closed related to each other in semantics,resultantly connecting every section of the discourse.The cohesive functions of the repetitive words can be explored both structurally and non-structurally.Structural repetitive words can guarantee the extension of the theme while non-structural repetitive words can serve as the topics of the discourse and make coherence possible.The cohesive types,quantity,frequency and scopes of repetitive words vary with media of different types.


The mechanism for monitoring the movement of foreign vehicles on the territory of the country and compliance with the requirements of customs legislation are considered in the article. An information model of requirements of regulatory legal acts and an algorithm for monitoring compliance with these requirements in the context of remote declaration of goods and quarantine have been developed. Algorithms for ensuring the completeness of customs duties by integrating interdepartmental information systems are also considered in the article.


ABSTRACT Advanced AlCrSiN and AlTiSiN coatings were deposited on high-speed steel by cathodic vacuum arc. The microstructures, mechanical and tribological properties were studied, as well as cutting performance. The results show that multilayered AlCrSiN coating mainly consists of nanocrystalline fcc-AlCrN and a few amorphous Si3N4 phases, with an average module period of about 6.0 nm. While the AlTiSiN coating reveals nano-composite structure consisted of nanocrystalline fcc-AlTiN and hcp-AlN embedded into Si3N4 amorphous matrix. The AlCrSiN-coated tool reveals a more excellent cutting performance when compared with the AlTiSiN-coated tool due to its higher hardness, adhesion strength, H3/E*2 ratio and wear resistance when compared with the AlTiSiN coating.


: Landslides are one of natural disaster that difficult to be predicted accurately. Communities that living in a landslide-prone area has to have preparedness to deal with it. This research was conducted in Sagalaherang subdistrict, Subang district, West Java. Sagalaherang subdistrict physically located in a landslide-prone area. This research aims to determine preparedness level of community to deal with landslides using index of preparedness level analysis from UNESCO. Primary data were obtained through field observation and questionnaires and interviews with the people. Secondary data were obtained from a review of various relevant document and literature. Community sample were determined with proportional random sampling. Sagalaherang is one of subdistrict in Subang district that categorized as prone to landslides in the medium to high level, has average rainfall above 2.700 mm/year. Geological condition of Sagalaherang was volcanic material that resulted from volcanic eruption of Tangkuban Parahu with breksi rock types. The morphology were hilly, slope class were dominated with class II – V. Level of community preparedness in dealing with landslides in Sagalaherang subdistrict is categorized as nearly prepared. Communities has knowledge's , and a number of steps that has to be done if landslides occurred. It was still lack in resources mobilization of disaster management. It recommended to increase knowledge's of community and conducting trainings of resources mobilization to deal with landslides, until communities get into well prepared categorize.


The drug master file submission in Taiwan commenced on 1 October 2009 and is driven by the health reimbursed pricing system. To clarify the consequences of this policy, we focused on the applications for the initiation of the policy from overseas active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturers, which were the majority of the total applications. Indian manufacturers filed the most drug master files, representing 44% of total overseas drug master files and accounting for the largest number of multiple drug master files with the same molecules. Antibacterial, cardiovascular, and psychiatric drugs were the main therapeutic categories for the submitted molecules. The acceptance rates in the original submission and the appeal/resubmission applications for Indian drug master files were 32 and 38%, respectively, comparable with the average of overall drug master file acceptance rates (30%, 38%) under corresponding conditions. The nonaccepted applications included 12% of drug master files that failed to provide the restricted part and 24% of drug master files that did not respond to deficiencies. The main deficiencies were associated with the manufacturing process, active pharmaceutical ingredient specification, starting material, material/intermediate, and analytical method/validation.


A 2-D laser rangefinder (LRF) and a camera are widely applied in various mobilized systems, such as autonomous robot and unmanned ground vehicle. Integration of these two types of sensors promotes a new measurement technology. Extrinsic calibration is crucial and basically the first step to fuse image and laser data. The chessboard-plane-based method is one of the most popular ones, which requires at least five plane-input (five shots). Vasconcelos et al. recently reduced the number of shots from five to three and derived the minimal solution. However, it requires solving a sophisticated perspective-three-point (P3P) problem with eight solutions. This paper first introduces a virtual trihedron from three plane-input and reformulates the P3P problem directly in 3-D space rather than in 3-D dual space to derive the minimal solution for extrinsic calibration. Based on this, we propose a novel and flexible method for extrinsic calibration of an LRF-camera with a tri-rectangular trihedron (or a cube). One unique feature is that the method requires only a single shot of the target, which can greatly simplify the calibration procedure. The proposed calibration method involves solving simplified P3P and perspective-three-line (P3L) problems separately. In particular, computation of LRF pose is formulated as a simplified P3P problem, which is easily solved and has unique solution from single-shot laser data only. It also avoids the degeneration problem. Camera pose computation is formulated as a simplified P3L problem from image data. The proposed calibration method has been tested with both simulation and real data. The results show that the method is both accurate and flexible for extrinsic calibration of a 2-D LRF and a camera.


The small but densely crowded European states of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxemburg have a long common history, in which they were sometimes united and later separated again. Linguistically, they are divided: 23 million of their inhabitants in the Netherlands and in the northern Belgian sub-state of Flanders use the Dutch language, five million in the south-eastern Belgian sub-state of Wallonia speak French, and half a million in Luxemburg and eastern Belgium have a German dialect. Their inhabitants live under the economic and cultural influences of two big neighbours, Germany to the east and France to the south. Within the wider European Union, those three countries participate in a narrow cooperation called Benelux.


Based on the order-driven continuous security market,information structure and differences of opinion,the sequential trading model that researches the formation process of asset price and influences of each factor of information structure on price formation is presented.The conclusion is that the quote spread is impacted on the existence,dissemination and composition of information,which depends on themselves,composition of investors,differences of investors' option and the value of information.Then,based on China stock market,the influence of the dissemination and composition of information on quote spread is found,which supports model.


Health recording in Finland started in 1982 according to a Norwegian model and slightly earlier than in Sweden and Denmark. Its principle is that veterinarians write treatments down on an individual cow health card and AI technicians collect the data at their next visit. Herd owners can also enter these data to the database by themselves. No party has a duty to enter treatment data into the register, so it is a voluntary system. Yet, about 89 % of all herds sent in at least one treatment during 2011, and the total number of registered treatments reached 55 % of the number of recorded cows. The data belongs to the farmer but carries with it an automatic authorisation for use by Faba, NAV and Viking Genetics for breeding purposes. Each year, summary statistics are made by Faba and the data about the health status of dairy cows in the municipality to respective authorities. Farmers receive a health summary in the annual report from milk recording.


In this work a considerable number of papers regarding the cracked beam like structures in the literature are cited. A new and general governing differential equation for eigenvalue analysis of cracked members is derived. Buckling analysis of cracked columns, lateral free vibration of cracked beams, axial free vibration of cracked bars, torsion free vibration of cracked shafts etc. may be considered as special cases. The proposed standard ordinary differential equation is solved and the exact analytical solutions for eigenvalues and mode shapes of these members are determined. Through customizing the general solutions for special conditions the predefined solutions are obtained and the accuracy and robustness of the present study is verified. Keywords– Cracked members, exact solutions, Laplace transform, buckling analysis, free vibration


We study the electronic heat capacity in doped graphene under magnetic fields. The partition function is calculated considering only the thermal excitations in the last occupied energy levels. Due to the large energy separation between the Landau levels (LLs) and the Zeeman splitting, at low temperatures the heat capacity is dominated by the spin excitations in the last occupied LL. Correspondingly the heat capacity oscillates with maximum amplitude at half filling of each LL. At higher temperatures the inter-LLs excitations dominate the heat capacity, with maximum amplitude at full filling factors. The oscillation amplitudes are compared with the phonon heat capacity Cp. It is shown that the spin induced heat capacity oscillations have a maximum amplitude approaching 3% of Cp, whereas for the inter-LLs excitations the maximum amplitude is only 0.1% of Cp. These amplitudes decrease in the presence of impurities, although the effect is appreciable if the LLs broadening is bigger than the excitation energies.


Semiconducting samples of a Bi–Ca–Sr–Cu oxide, having a nominal composition 4:3:3:4, were prepared by melting high purity oxides of the various elements. Superconducting samples were obtained by annealing the semiconducting samples at a temperature close to the melting temperature. Electrical resistivity measurements indicated the presence of two superconducting phases, one with the onset temperature at about 110 K, the other with a significantly lower onset temperature. The presence of this second phase is proven by the x-ray powder diffraction patterns. The crystalline structures of both the semiconductor and superconductor samples have almost equal lattice parameters and are orthorhombic, but belong to different space groups: Fmmm and Bbmm , respectively. No significant amount of the 110 K superconducting phase was present in the diffraction pattern of the superconducting compound. XPS and XANES data on the Ca atom indicate that a different electronic state of Ca is present in the superconducting compound, which still contains an appreciable amount of the semiconducting phase.


Based on a review of different analytical frameworks, it is suggested to run a table top cyber wargame when trying to analyse the effects of closed national networks being imposed in the near future. The scope of the wargame is to extract results to show how the resilience of an open national network differs from a closed national network. It is self-evident that the formation process of resilience is different between the diverse systems. The proposed wargame is a two-sided cyber table top wargame. The wargame is based on at least two blue teams, at least one red team and a control team (namely a white team). One blue team is located in the closed national networks and its system relies on closed national network infrastructure. The other blue team operates its system within open network society. By designing, constructing and executing the proposed cyber wargame we argue it is possible to find these differences and similarities as well. Current research improves cyber situation awareness and proposes a direction to be followed when trying to understand the changing circumstances of the cyber space. It also suggests how the research resources could be directed when trying to improve the situation awareness of the closing process.


As a major constituent in magmatic–hydrothermal ore deposits, cassiterites, with moderate amounts of U and low Pb, can be dated with U–Pb geochronology. The tetragonal lattice structure makes cassiterites capable of incorporating dozens of elements within its crystal lattice (e.g., Fe, Ti, W, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, Mn, Sc, V, and Sb). Variations of these elements record information of potential elemental substitution mechanisms and precipitation environments of cassiterites. In this study, we collected cassiterite grains from four different ore styles of the Gejiu tin polymetallic deposit to perform LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating, multiple element mapping, and in situ trace element analysis on these cassiterites. Systematic U–Pb dating yielded Tera–Wasserburg lower intercepted ages at around 85 Ma, coinciding with zircon U–Pb ages of regional Late Yanshanian granitoids, within their respective analytical uncertainties. Such age coincidence, combined with the spatial association, suggests that tin mineralization may be genetically related to the Late Cretaceous granitic magmatism. Multielemental mapping shows that the distribution of Nb, Ta, and Ti in the cassiterite grains correlates well with the regular oscillatory zoning patterns in cathodoluminescence (CL) images. The relatively high Sb, Fe, W, Ga, and U concentrations control the dark luminescing domains in these cassiterite grains. The systematic variations in chemical compositions suggest that trace elements such as Sc, V, Fe, and Ga incorporate in cassiterites via coupled substitutions of Sc3+ + V5+ ↔ 2 (Sn, Ti)4+, Fe3+ + Ga5+ ↔ 2 (Sn, Ti)4+ and Fe3+ + OH– ↔ Sn4+ + O2– or Fe3+ + H+ ↔ Sn4+. The covariation of redox sensitive elements such as W, U, Fe, and Sb indicates that the "tin-granite" type of cassiterites were formed under an oxidized state whereas cassiterites from skarn, massive sulfide, and oxidized ore styles were precipitated in a reducing environment.


There are several types of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and various clinical types have been differentiated. The Schmid type of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia is the most common. Diffuse metaphyseal flaring, irregularity, and growth plate widening, which are most severe in the knees, are the most striking radiological features of this disease. The Schmid type of metaphyseal dysostosis is characterized by failure of normal mineralization of the zone of provisional calcification, leading to widened physes and enlarged knobby metaphyses, effectively causing shortening of the tubular bones, splaying of the metaphyses, coxa vara, and bow legs. Orthopaedic interventions were primarily performed on the lower extremities.


A comparative study of the reactivity of 2-iodylbenzoic acid isopropyl ester (IBX-ester), oligomeric iodosylbenzene sulfate [(PhIO) 3 ·SO 3 ] n , and iodosylbenzene in the oxygenation of anthracene in the presence of metal porphyrin or phthalocyanine complexes is reported. Results of this study demonstrate that oligomeric iodosylbenzene sulfate and the IBX-ester are the most reactive oxygenating reagents that can be used as a safe and convenient alternative to the thermally unstable and potentially explosive iodosylbenzene.


Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has been investigating manufacturing processes for the uranium-10% molybdenum alloy plate-type fuel for high-performance research reactors in the United States. This work supports the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration's Office of Material Management and Minimization Reactor Conversion Program. This report documents modeling results of PNNL's efforts to perform finite-element simulations to predict roll-separating forces for various rolling mill geometries for PNNL, Babcock & Wilcox Co., Y-12 National Security Complex, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Idaho National Laboratory. The model developed and presented in a previous report has been subjected to further validation study using new sets of experimental data generated from a rolling mill at PNNL. Simulation results of both hot rolling and cold rolling of uranium-10% molybdenum coupons have been compared with experimental results. The model was used to predict roll-separating forces at different temperatures and reductions for five rolling mills within the National Nuclear Security Administration Fuel Fabrication Capability project. This report also presents initial results of a finite-element model microstructure-based approach to study the surface roughness at the interface between zirconium and uranium-10% molybdenum.


Conformal coating or solid-filling metallization on TGV glass with the highly conductive thick Cu is desired to enhance the performance for high-frequency electronic devices in the IoT era due to the outstanding RF properties of the glass and high-Q nature of thick Cu metallization on glass. Previously, metallization on the glass with sputtering and printing technology has been demonstrated. However, there are some concerns in terms of throughput and mechanical integrity of sputter seed layer for Cu metallization on TGV sidewalls and the smooth glass surfaces. This study reports our novel metallization technology to obtain good adhesion without degrading the RF performance associated with glass properties and Cu conductivity. Metal circuits including high-Q RF inductors were created by wet direct plating process with semi-additive process, achieved without any roughening the surface of glass substrate or TGV sidewall. Surface cleaning is critical to obtain good adhesion. In this experiment, glass surface was cleaned by the irradiation of UV light and alkaline degreasing with complex agent. UV light and alkaline degreasing make the surface of the glass clean and Cu adhesion to glass improves with minimal stress to the glass itself. Through this work, Cu to glass adhesion strength of 0.35kN/m has been achieved. Using this method, we have successfully demonstrated direct cupper plating on TGV holes and glass surfaces with semi-additive processing (SAP) and conformal plating for RF front end filters with better performance. This technology further optimized for high-performance RF standalone passive network and RF interposers with the capability of thick (15um) Cu plating directly on TGV glass for the first time in 8 inch diameter x 0.35mm thick wafer format. This direct plating technology is scalable to panel sizes, targeting low-cost and high-throughput TGV metallization.


Background: Streptococcus mutans is a bacteria which colonize in teeth surface and causes dental caries, ciplukan plants are annual herbal plants which can be found in various tropical areas over the world. Ciplukan leaves (Physalis angulata L.) contain polyphenols, alkaloid, and flavonoid which have a good antimicrobial activities.
Research objective: To find the influence of antibacterial power of ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) extract mouthwash toward the bacteria of Streptococcus mutans.
Research methodology: This research is a pure laboratory experiment which use the Streptococcus mutans bacteria duplications. The bacteria is incubated in the ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) extract mouthwash in the concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% for 18-24 hours in the temperature of 37 degree Celcius. As its control, the basic formula of mouthwash is used as the positive control and Chlorexidine gluconate 0.2% is used as the negative control. The testing of antibacterial power uses the liquid dilution which is continued by using the solid dilution. The statistical analysis test applies descriptive testing.
Research findings: The research finding shows that ciplukan leaves (Physalis angulata L.) extract mouthwash has the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) at the same condition in the 5% concentration.
Conclusion: Ciplukan leaves (Physalis angulata L.) extract mouthwash has the influence of Inhibitory concentration and Bactericidal concentration toward the bacteria of Streptococcus mutans.


This study forms part of the Umeå 85+ Study, and the aim was to explore various gendered constructions of femininities among the oldest old women. Femininities are seen as various ways of shaping oneself as a woman in relation to the impact of historical, social, and cultural circumstances. Thematic narratives were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Through interpreting these narratives in the light of gender theories, we were able to discern four femininities: "being connected," "being an actor," "living in the shadow of others," and "being alienated." The oldest old women displayed complex outlooks on femininities, and no femininity was interpreted as being in the center related to the other femininities. Further research is needed in order to disclose the complexity of femininities related to factors such as social class, ethnicity, and financial situation among the oldest old, and to acquire a greater knowledge of various femininities.


When developing future networks, both power consumption and exposure of human beings will become important parameters. Here, a capacity based deployment tool is proposed whereby the developed network is optimized towards power consumption, power consumption while satisfying a certain exposure limit, or exposure accounting for coverage and capacity requirements. Applying this tool on a realistic suburban area in Ghent, Belgium for LTE-Advanced shows that power consumption and exposure optimizations contradict and that a compromise between both is required.


Lower Paleozoic deposits of the north of the Urals include a wide spectrum of carbonate psephytolites different in age, composition, constitution, and forms. The psephytolite bodies of simple and complex composition which sizes fluctuate from 0.6–2.5 m to 60 m on thickness and to 4 km on extent are allocated. The greatest spreadind of the complex composition carbonate psephytolites is noted in the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian of the Chernyshev Swell and the Subpolar Urals. Breccias, conglobreccias and gravelites of the simple composition occur on different stratigraphical levels of the Lower Paleozoic in the North-Ural region.


Abstract : The application of the Wald SPRT to life testing of equipment, having an exponential distribution of the interfailure times, has been in practice from fifties. The problem discussed in the present paper is that of the exact computation of the distributions of the stopping times, and the determination of confidence limits for the meantime between failures (MTBF), theta, after stopping. Formulae are developed for the exact computation of the distribution of stopping times in sequential life testing, according to a modified SPRT. These distributions yield the fractiles of the stopping times at acceptance or at rejection, from which confidence limits for the MTBF can be obtained.


The mechanical behaviour of the nickel‐based superalloy In718, as processed from laser powder bed fusion (L‐PBF) additive manufacturing, is characterized at high temperature, from 800 to 1100°C. Samples built by L‐PBF are submitted to sequences combining uniaxial tensile load at different prescribed velocities, and relaxation steps of different durations, operated under resistive heating under vacuum, with a home‐developed testing machine. Tests are equipped with force evolution measurement, with infra‐red field imaging and thermocouples to capture the non‐uniform temperature distributions induced by resistive heating, and with digital image correlation to capture the non‐linear displacement fields. An inverse finite element strategy is developed to identify the parameters of a temperature‐dependent elastic‐viscoplastic behaviour model. The strategy is based on (i) direct finite element simulations of tests, (ii) a cost function expressing the distance between calculated and measured quantities, and (iii) a minimization algorithm. Direct numerical simulations are performed on a limited part of the working zone of samples, the zone of interest, with applied boundary conditions provided by DIC records and with an imposed temperature distribution provided by infra‐red imaging. The cost function is based on the force evolution only, for a series of different tests operated at different nominal temperatures. Optimum values of constitutive parameters are obtained by minimizing the cost function value, which is achieved with the home‐developed optimization platform MOOPI. Finally, the identified parameters are discussed with respect to the literature.


The combined effects of unilateral vascular occlusion and anoxia resulted in a high yield of cerebral infarctions in rats with clinical evidence of hemiplegia. Our data support the hypothesis of a complex, consecutive series of biochemical events, gradually developing and culminating in infarction. Accumulation of fluid was detected by 15 minutes and evidence for mitochondrial fragmentation by one hour following the anoxic-ischemic insult. Lysosomal enzyme release either was minimal or occurred after three hours and would not appear to be a decisive factor in the pathogenesis of cell injury in nervous tissue. Complex alterations in glycogen metabolism were demonstrated on the infarcted side and in the adjacent cortex of the contralateral hemisphere. Endothelial swelling was noted at the small arteriole and capillary level and may contribute to the development and the severity of the injury.


Clinical signs of hypoglycemia developed in a 3½-year-old boy 24 hours after he had eaten some of the attractively blue-colored chlorpropamide tablets. Low blood sugar values persisted for 4 days after the ingestion concomitant with an increase in serum insulin concentration. On the fifth day, the blood sugar rose to normal levels. The serum insulin concentration was not significantly out of the normal ranges on each of the four follow-up examinations.