With the latest designs of self-ligating brackets, statements about more efficient mechanics and shorter treatment time have been referred to partly in terms of a reduction of friction in the systems. Resistance to sliding in orthodontics has been explained in terms of classical friction, binding, and notching. The materials of the archwire-bracket-ligature system and the amount of ligation force affect classical friction. Friction as binding is influenced by bracket type, size and alloy, and wire size, shape, and alloy, which is true for both self-ligating and conventional brackets. Notching represents a permanent deformation of the wire or deformation of surface characteristics of the bracket or wire material. At this point, all motion of the archwire through the bracket ceases until mastication or other forces lift the archwire away from the bracket. Because resistance to sliding is the sum of all three components, choosing a bracket with lower classical friction results in lower overall resistance to sliding. This article will discuss the SmartClip Self-Ligating Appliance System (3M Unitek, 3M Corporate Headquarters, 3M Center, St. Paul, MN 55144-1000), which has the characteristics of previous preadjusted appliance systems, and which allows for low levels of forces during biomechanics, decreasing friction between the archwire and bracket slot and providing good 3-dimensional control.


ANYONE who has not lived in South India for a considerable time needs to acknowledge and to bear in mind the limitation which this circumstance imposes on his capacity for forming a judgment concerning the proposed Scheme of Church Union there. It is a limitation for which compensation cannot adequately be made either by the exercise of sympathy and imagination or by the diligent study of documents. Unless the latter duty is fulfilled, judgment is indeed worthless, and we suspect that it has not been fulfilled by many who have expressed very definite judgments. A commentator on the Beveridge Report observed that the public of Great Britain was divided into three classes: the first, the great majority, who warmly approved it; the second, a resolute minority, firmly determined to oppose it; and the third, the very few who had read it. A somewhat similar observation might not be out of place in the present context. Our own concern in the South India Scheme is the concern which is incumbent on all Christians in any project for healing the divisions in the universal Church, and furthermore which, in this case, arises from the fact that the Anglican communion in South India participates in this scheme and thereby gives the whole Anglican communion a direct interest in it. It is neither possible nor necessary in this journal to survey the history of the movement towards unity in South India. It is, however, our duty to scrutinize from a theological standpoint the proposed scheme in its final form.1 I t is important to recall that the present scheme is the outcome of over twenty years' work. Its origin can be traced back to a gathering of members of the Anglican and South India United Churches, which met in 19I9. Of the thirty-three members of this group, thirty-one were Indians. The statement that was issued from this gathering contains two passages that direct attention to factors which, it seems, have continuously and insistently influenced all the subsequent negotiations.


Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of the apical oblique projection of the shoulder in determining radiographic signs of instability. Methods: Radiographs from 50 consecutive patients who presented for surgery for treatment of symptomatic unilateral shoulder instability were evaluated. Standard radiographic views had been obtained (anteroposterior [AP], lateral and axillary view) pre-operatively along with an apical oblique. The apical oblique view is obtained by placing the patient in a 45 degrees posterior-oblique position and angling the beam 45 degrees caudad. The radiographs were reviewed independently by two radiologists. Each radiograph was evaluated for evidence of any Hill-Sachs or bony Bankart lesions that were accepted as radiographic signs of anterior instability. Comparison of the diagnostic yield of the standard views and the apical oblique were made. Results: The radiographs of 32 males and 18 females with an average age of 27 years (range: 17 to 41 years) were included in the series. Pathology (Hill-Sachs, Bankart lesions or both) was seen on an apical oblique in 93% of cases compared with AP (48%), lateral(17%) and axillary(32%) views. Taken collectively the standard views showed pathology in only 72% of cases. Conclusions: The apical oblique view is easy for the radiographer to obtain, can be performed using standard imaging equipment and can be obtained pain-free in the acute setting. The diagnostic yield was significantly higher than the standard trauma series. The apical oblique view should be added to these in cases of suspected shoulder instability.


To the Editor—We have read with great interest the article by Johnston and colleagues, in which the authors performed an elegant analysis by using a mathematical simulation model to compare transanal local excision and abdominoperineal resection for t1 rectal adenocarcinoma. the results suggest that transanal local excision may have a lower absolute life expectancy in comparison with abdominoperineal resection, but a higher quality-adjusted life expectancy due to the disutility of a permanent colostomy. the use of simulation in health care is increasing, especially in the surgical literature. a major concern with any type of simulation model is the uncertainty surrounding the input parameters, or "what goes into the model." uncertainty is traditionally characterized by using deterministic sensitivity analysis, which demonstrates which parameters are critical to the final result, as performed by Johnston and colleagues. although important, this type of sensitivity analysis does not provide the uncertainty around the final result (ie, the "probability that the result is the correct one"). this is vitally important because any simulation model is a representation of reality and, therefore, depends on what outcomes and parameters are included. furthermore, deterministic analysis may vastly underor overestimate the true effect if any of the input parameters are incorrect. a more informative method may be probabilistic analysis, which in essence varies all input parameters simultaneously over multiple iterations to better characterize potential variability and uncertainty. this allows the results of a simulation model to be interpreted in a similar fashion to confidence intervals around point estimates and, therefore, provides a better decision aid.


This paper describes an artificial neural network (ANN) architecture for constructing maximum entropy models based on discrete distributions. Entropy is maximized by a constrained gradient ascent algorithm, which is shown to be capable of implementation by an ANN architecture. The use of this architecture as a method of inference is illustrated by applying it to a simple problem in probability theory.<<ETX>>


Info 2021 Modern society spends more time indoors, which has led to the hypothesis that indoor exposure can better represent the effects of air pollution at the individual level. Studies on the landscape of urban residential indoor air quality have never been carried out nationally in Indonesia. After 70 years of commitment to standardize the health aspects of the home in Indonesia, this study intends to make a chronological reflection on the Indonesian government's policy in residential indoor air quality. This study raised and analyzed several questions in the national and local context from the previous research. The government's various policies and regulations are chronologically listed to see the development and look for regulatory or implementation gaps. The indicators of insufficient ventilation and indoor air quality in much Indonesian urban housing have been shown in previous studies, encouraging this study to be necessary. This study used a chronological review using national and international journals. Previous studies have shown possibilities to estimate the landscape of indoor pollution exposure effectively using a socio-economic approach as a part. The latest national housing survey results can be used as references to discover the housing landscape status in Indonesia for further research light others ranging from the highest to the lowest, namely the mixed space of 67.57%, living room by 55.28%, family room by 31.63%, and dining room by 21.44%. This shows that many rooms in the house do not yet have adequate lightings, such as the dining room and family room. This is demonstrated by the low proportion of sufficient light from the dining room and family, which is still below


Water scarcity is a common phenomenon in Namibia and all future development relies on access to the available international perennial rivers bordering the country. The principle that water resources must be managed on a regional basis is well established in Namibia and several technical water commissions have been established between Namibia and its neighbours to provide a forum for regional collaboration on water matters. The value of the work of these commissions lies not only in the technical objectives but also in mutual trust, and understanding between those commission members representing the expectations and concerns of each basin state. The purpose of this article is to describe the salient features of regional collaboration on river basin development from the Namibian perspective.


ABSTRACT The job satisfaction level (JSL) of self-employed container truck drivers (SCTDs) is vital to the container trucking industry's (CTI) stability in China. An anonymous field survey of 645 SCTDs was conducted at Shanghai Port. Three ordered probit models were, respectively, developed to analyze the drivers' JSLs, their attitudes, and reactions to a CTI downturn. This study contributes to the literature that the demographic variables were not statistically significant for the SCTDs' current JSLs, while higher income SCTDs with fewer expenses were expected to have higher JSLs. During an industry downturn, drivers with families in Shanghai showed more job dissatisfaction. More working hours, lower income, expensive diesel fuel, a high consumer price index (CPI), and a low freight-to-distance ratio (FDR) significantly lowered the JSLs. An increase in the price of diesel fuel and the CPI, and a lower FDR exposed the industry to risk and instability. Additionally, credible evidence indicated that as the dissatisfaction levels of SCTDs rise in a downturn, SCTDs implement more practical measures that may negatively affect the industry's stability as well as society's. Based on these findings, managerial or policy implications were proposed to efficiently improve SCTDs' JSLs and CTI stability in Shanghai.


Efficiency of teaching can be improved by building a situation for course.Take the course of Plastic Formula and Preparation for example,the basis of situation choice and building during teaching and the curriculum design requirements were analyzed.Working modal of learning process was applied in the curriculum.The results showed that compared with traditional teaching model,the comprehensive abilities and initiative of student were enhanced.


What do you get when four mid-level managers from an academic library begin to evaluate what they have learned from being in this important role? Most likely you would get a book much like the one authored by these four managers from the Georgia State University Library. Written to fill a gap in both the literature and available professional development courses on management in academic libraries, this book provides advice to those mid-level managers who may be filling a leadership role for the first time. This includes both leaders of teams as well as departments. The authors draw upon their own experiences, discussions held between them, and the literature they explored in an effort to learn to be a better, more effective manager. The reader of this book should keep in mind that it acts as an introduction to a range of concepts associated with being a manager. It is meant more as a tool for those who may have less experience as well as those who may want to rethink their current practice.


It is known that the isomeric cross section ratio (ICR) is governed primarily by the spins of the levels and intermediate states involved, rather than by their separation energies [1,2]. The study of ICR in the formation of isomeric pairs in nuclear reactions give important information about the nuclear reaction mechanism, particularly the energy and angular momentum transfer during the reaction process as well as the progress of nuclear reactions. Keeping this in view we have studied the ICR for the isomeric pairs Nd and Nd produced in (p,n), (p,3n) and (α,p3n) reactions respectively on Pr target over the energies from threshold up to 70 MeV for proton induced reactions and 80 MeV for alpha induced reactions. Experimentally measured cross sections for the reactions Pr(α,n)Pm and Pr(α,2n)Pm over the energy range ∼ 14.2 40 MeV, have been used as the standard reference for evaluating cross sections for other cases.


Simple Summary Mayflies in the Holarctic genus Serratella Edmunds (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) are common aquatic insects in some places. Their nymphs can live in a variety of aquatic habitats, ranging from wide rivers to narrow creeks, and their imagos sometimes occur in mass emergences. Thus, Serratella species are common in aquatic insect collections. However, both their immature and imaginal stages are difficult to identify based on morphology because of confused generic definitions and poor species descriptions. This situation is especially bad in China. Historically, fifteen species have been reported from this country, but more than half of them (eight) have been moved to other genera. The remaining seven, including species both endemic to China and species also occurring elsewhere in the Palearctic region, have never been compared and studied systematically. The present paper provides detailed figures and diagnostic characters of five species (one of the other two is excluded from this genus; one is synonymized) and a new species from Western China. This is the first comprehensive and detailed study of Serratella diversity in China, which provides valuable information and character candidates to identify the genus and helps understand its phylogenetic position in the family. Abstract Species in the genus Serratella Edmunds, 1959 from China have never been compared and photographed systematically. Six valid Chinese Serratella species are recognized and revised in this paper. Among them, the imagos of S. brevicauda Jacobus et al., 2009 are unknown; the nymph of this species has a stout, strong body, with remarkably short caudal filaments and maxillary palpi. In contrast, only the imago stage of Serratella fusongensis (Su and You, 1988) (=Serratella longipennis Zhou et al., 1997, syn. nov.) is known; it has relatively long penes with small dorsal projections. The nymphs of S. setigera Bajkova, 1967 have small abdominal tergal spines but distinct, stout, blunt bristles on the spines, and the apexes of the male penes are round and shallowly divided. The fourth species, S. acutiformis sp. nov., which was collected from Western China, has sharp penial apexes (imagos) and large abdominal spines (nymphs). Unlike the former four species, S. ignita (Poda, 1761) and S. zapekinae Bajkova, 1967 has sub-quadrate penes without prominent dorsal projections. The nymph of S. ignita has lateral hair-like setae on the caudal filaments, while the nymph of S. zapekinae lacks such setae but has pairs of tubercles on the head and pronotum. Some characters used in the generic delineation of the genera Ephemerella Walsh, 1862 and Serratella, such as nymphal maxillary palpi and hair-like setae on caudal filaments as well as features of the imaginal penes and forelegs, are varied in Chinese species. However, all species in this paper have bifurcate ventral lamellae of gill VI. Our work highlights a need for further comparative systematic study of the genera Serratella, Ephemerella, and another related genus Torleya Lestage, 1917.


The low-frequency noise of shallow germanium p+-n junctions is studied, for diodes with or without a nickel-germanide Ohmic contact. It is shown that the application of NiGe not only reduces the series resistance, resulting in a higher forward current, but also results in a lower 1∕f noise at forward bias. From the observed geometry dependence, it is concluded that germanidation suppresses the 1∕f noise generated in the series resistance, leaving surface-state-assisted generation-recombination at the junction perimeter as the dominant flicker noise source.


man displays him as having a nature which tends towards a perfection which transcends it, and without which he is not truly himself. The theme is carried out in striking and strikingly different style by the late A. C. Pegis, in an essay entitled 'The Meaning of Human Existence.' In some ways this is the most impressive piece in the book. The subject of the soul and Aquinas' doctrine about it had engrossed Pegis throughout his life: his book St. Thomas and the Problem of the Soul in the Thirteenth Century was published just forty years earlier. Here, he offers us a profound metaphysical meditation on the significance of man's spirituality, and above all of the nature of death. For those who are concerned with the ever-intrusive question, how could Thomas utilize an Aristotel-


Considering history as a theological topic is one of the main contributions of theology during the 20th century. Based on this idea, and by establishing a conversation with an essential form of Christology, the article aims to recognize a positive relation between theology and history in the thought of Joseph Ratzinger. This relation is mainly built on the character of Jesus Christ his Incarnation and Paschal Mystery, because through him, God has visited history in a new and transforming way. The article also suggests that Ratzinger extends the relation between theology and history to the presence and action of the Church in the world. Thus, the community of believers reveals historically the communion of the Trinity.


Eighteen indices were selected to evaluate soil and water conservation capacities of four different mixtures of plantations using the Ideal Point Method. Results indicate that a broadleaf plantation of robur (Lithocarpus glabra) and Chinese guger tree (Schima superba) had the best conservation capacity, a mixed broadleaf plantation of sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana), Chinese gugertree and camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) was ranked second. A mixed broadleaf–conifer plantation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) and Chinese gugertree ranked third with a mixed coniferous plantation (Chinese fir and Masson pine) fourth. Under similar climates and topographical conditions, broadleaf plantations have better soil and water conservation capacities than conifer plantations. Sensitivity analysis showed that litter amounts and soil properties are the most important indicators of soil and water conservation capacities of plantations. Suitable measures such as deep tillage shou...


Energy Efficiency Building is one of important parts of low carbon city.Guangzhou Pearl Building,designed by SOM,was the first of zero-energy high-rise building in the world.In this building,the idea of appropriate adopting of solar energy and wind power was achieved so as to accord with the sustainable development of architecture,and also,which showed us the main tendency of architecture design in the future.


The invention provides a desloratadine medicament compound. The medicament compound is in a dosage form of dispersible tablets and consists of ingredients according to the following percentages by weight: 0.1%-10% of desloratadine, 2%-15% of disintegrating agent, 75%-92% of filling agent, 0.5%-3% of sweetener and 0.1%-1% of lubricant, wherein the disintegrating agent is one of crospolyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium carboxymethyl starch, and the filling agent is one of microcrystalline cellulose, lactose and mannitol, or the combination of the microcrystalline cellulose and the lactose, or the microcrystalline cellulose and the mannitol. The prescription composition has very good compressibility, the obtained dispersible tablets are stable and not easy to crack, and can be quickly disintegrated and uniformly dispersed in water, and long-term tests prove that the dispersible tablets have very good stability. The desloratadine medicament compound does not need coating, and can be prepared by the conventional preparation technology for preparations.


The paper gives a solution to the long-standing problem of uniqueness for probability solutions to the Cauchy problem for the Fokker- Planck-Kolmogorov equation with an unbounded drift coefficient and unit diffusion coefficient. It is proved that in the one-dimensional case uniqueness holds and in all other dimensions it fails. The case of nonconstant diffusion coefficients is also investigated. Bibliography: 70 titles.


The distribution of ureide-N was studied throughout vegetative and reproductive growth of non-nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bushbean) grown in nitrate nutrient solution. Largest increases in ureide-N per plant were correlated with flowering and early pod formation and with seed filling. Highest amounts of ureides per organ were measured in stems and axillary trifoliates. Highest concentrations (μmol ureide-N g−1 fr. wt.) were measured in young developing organs and stems. Seeds did not accumulate ureides until the ureide content of pods had reached a maximum.
Results obtained using the inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, allopurinol, are consistent with the origin of ureides via purine degradation but alternative pathways cannot be discounted.
Leaves and stems were shown to have the ability to degrade allantoate via an enzymic process.


The ability of organic cations to differentially inhibit the renal excretion of two prototypical organic cations, tetraethylammonium (TEA) and N/sup 1/-methylnicotinamide (NMN), was investigated using the Sperber technique in chickens. /sup 3/H-TEA and /sup 14/C-NMN were infused simultaneously into the renal portal circulation and their transport efficiencies (TE) determined to be 106 +/- 11% and 81 +/- 13% respectively. Quinine, unlabelled NMN or TEA, added in increasing amounts, produced differential inhibition of TEA, NMN, or cimetidine (infused in separate experiments). Data using other competing organic cations (guinidine, ranitidine, triethylcholine) indicated that TEA was never more susceptible to inhibition than NMN. These results suggest that the magnitude of T/sub m/ is directly related to susceptibility to inhibition and indirectly to inhibitory potency.


Background and purpose: Human health and disease are as old as human history. Today, the concept of health is tied to the components of social capital which can act as a shield against stress, depression, anxiety, accident, aging, and various diseases. The present study aimed to review the effect of social capital on women's health. Materials and methods: A scoping review was carried out in five stages: 1-Designing a research question, 2Searching and extracting research-dependent studies, 3Selecting related studies, 4Organizing and summarizing information and data, and 5. Reporting the results. Data collection was done in electronic databases, including MagIran, SID, Iran Doc, IranMedex, Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Embase. The search keywords were women, female, feminine, lady, wife, Iran, Persian, Social capital, health, physical health, mental health, and social health in both Persian and English. Results: Overall, 15 related articles were included in this review study. These studies were reviewed to organize the findings into three categories: the relationship between social capital with physical health, mental health, and social health. Conclusion: According to current findings, women's health improves by increasing their social capital which is also increased by more health and education facilities, social participation, trust, and communication with family and friends.


Because the existing location recommendation algorithms in Location-based Social Networks have the characteristic of high time complexity and low recommendation accuracy, a new location recommendation algorithm based on temporal and geographical similarity is proposed by improving the traditional location recommendation algorithm in this paper. New recommendation algorithm has innovation mainly in the following three aspects: At first, new algorithm changes the traditional processing method of time dimension, it divides 24 hours into some periods of time in accordance with the time law of people's work and life, so the user similarity calculated by such periods of time will be more accurate; Secondly, the DBSCAN algorithm is improved by introducing grid thought, which makes the clustering object is no longer a single check-in point, but a grid contained a lot of check-in points, this improves the speed of recommendation algorithm greatly; Finally, a new rating function of the potential points of interest which are never visited by the user is proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can improve the speed and precision of recommendation system obviously.


The plants of Lycoris are endowed with higher medicinal and ornamental values.Their bulbs contain many kinds of chemical constituents such as alkaloid,polysaccharide,flavonoids,and lectin.The research advances and some important results of the chemical constituents and its extraction and separation,and detection methods in recent years were summarized.In addition,it was suggested that more attentions should be paid to the relationship between the accumulation of chemical constituents of Lycoris plants and environment,growth development,cultivation techniques,and comprehensive utilization.


Median nerve palsy is an uncommon complication of brachial artery catheterization. Compression from a pseudoaneurysm at the puncture site is rarely implicated as the cause for such median nerve dysfunction. Here, we report two patients who developed median nerve palsy secondary to compression from pseudoaneurysms after brachial catheterizations done for chronic lower limb ischemia. Both underwent operative repair of the culprit lesions. Despite months of aggressive physiotherapy, recovery of nerve function remains poor in both.


Recently, the dwarf honey bee (DB), Apis florea Fab, has invaded certain eastern parts of Egypt. DB is expected to invade other national localities and extends to international regions. The current study shades light on the ability of DB to spread through Egypt towards certain regions in Africa and southern Europe. Maxent, as a species distribution modeling software analysis, was applied combining with environmental variables of current and future circumstances, i.e. during 2050 up to 2070. The obtained maps predict the limited spread of DB via southern Europe, under current conditions, while supports the potential spread of DB across northern and western parts of Egypt within next few years. The futuristic maps emphasized the possible spread of DB towards southern Europe especially Spain and Portugal, while the wide invasion of DH in other European countries is not expected. Limited ability of DB to spread all over Africa is predictable, while, northern African regions are preferred. Possible consequences of the spread of DB into other regions are discussed.


Pd(PPh3)4-catalyzed decarbonylation of the phosphaketene Mes*PCO (1, Mes* = 2,4,6-(t-Bu)3C6H2) gives the diphosphene Mes*PPMes* (2). Related reactions of 1 with zerovalent Pd and Pt phosphine complexes afford diphosphaureylene complexes ML2[Mes*PC(O)PMes*] (L2 = chelating diphosphine), whose structure and properties depend markedly on the metal and ancillary ligands; Pd(dppf)[Mes*PC(O)PMes*] (12, dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) also catalyzes the title reaction.


We use the Eastern Gas Pipeline (EGP) in southeastern Australia as a case study to examine the value of documenting and retrieving entrapped fauna from open pipeline trenches. Daily inspection of n...


Summary The gene DREB1A, encoding a stress-inducible transcription factor, driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV) promoter or by the stress-inducible rd29A promoter, was transferred into chrysanthemum plants [Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura] cv. 'Fall Color' by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Integration of the target gene, DREB1A was confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting. When exposed to 2°C, expression of DREB1A was enhanced in the roots of young transgenic 35S:DREB1A plant lines, and induced in transgenic rd29A:DREB1A lines. Electrolyte leakage in leaves of rd29A:DREB1A plant lines was significantly lower than in 35S:DREB1A lines. Compared to control plants, superoxide dismutase activities and proline contents increased slowly in transgenic plants at the start of the cold stress treatment and remained at high levels during later periods, especially in rd29A:DREB1A transgenic lines. Young plants of the rd29A:DREB1A line could tolerate –8°C for 12 h, with a survival rate of 37.5%. No survival was observed in 35S:DREB1A lines or in wild-type plants. These results indicate that a combination of the stress-inducible rd29A promoter and the DREB1A gene enhanced the tolerance of ground-cover chrysanthemum plants to cold stress through a transgenic approach.


The abstract, closed, single-track research pattern in traditional aesthetics has failed to elaborate on the multi-form existence of art in consumer culture. The aesthetic tranformation of contemporary culture calls for a communicational viewpoint for the consideration of artistic phenomena in human culture and the construction of a new "art and society" research method which transcends the diachotomy of autonomy and heteronomy, spirit and matter. In this case, it is necessary for us to treat art as cultural contact between subjects, to restore the abstract concept of "art" in traditional aethetics to the transmission and sustenance of aesthetic information under specific cultural contexts, to study the generation of "artistic conventions" in different times, and then to display the existencial forms of art in culture by connecting art with real life in a "bottom-up" description.


A rapid and simple reverse phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous quantitation of anticancerous drugs vincristine, vinblastine and their precursors catharanthine and vindoline. Peak purity evaluation of these compounds in plant extract has also been studied using photo–diode array–UV detector.


The accumulation of excess body weight may have important health and disease consequences for persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study examined the effect of weight status on mobility using a comprehensive set of mobility outcomes including ambulatory performance (timed 25-foot walk, T25FW; 6-minute walk, 6MW; oxygen cost of walking, Cw; spatiotemporal parameters of gait; self-reported walking impairment, Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12); and free-living activity, accelerometry) in 168 ambulatory persons with MS. Mean (SD) BMI was 27.7 (5.1) kg/m2. Of the 168 participants, 31.0% were classified as normal weight (BMI = 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 36.3% were classified as overweight (BMI = 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and 32.7% were classified as obese, classes I and II (BMI = 30–39.9 kg/m2). There were no significant differences among BMI groups on T25FW and 6MW, Cw, spatiotemporal gait parameters, MSWS-12, or daily step and movement counts. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in this sample was almost 70%, but there was not a consistent nor significant impact of BMI on outcomes of mobility. The lack of an effect of weight status on mobility emphasizes the need to focus on and identify other factors which may be important targets of ambulatory performance in persons with MS.


— Echiniscus cheonyoungi, a new tardigrade species is described. The present new species mainly differs from the other species of the genus Echiniscus in the following characteristics: lack of spurs at the base of the internal claws, presence of all lateral cirri and dorsal cirri C, D<*, and cuticular plates with double sculpturing consisting of irregular pores and minute closely spaced polygons. A new species of Echiniscus was identified during an investigation of the tardigrades collected from lichens on shaded rocks and the bark of live trees in Korea. Holotype and one paratype are deposited in the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen (ZMUC), Denmark, and two paratypes are deposited in the Moon collection. Department of Molecular Biology, Seoul National University, Korea. Echiniscus cheonyoungi, new species Figs. 1-4 Material examined. —Vi.o\oXyx>t (ZMUC TAR00 1 1) and three paratypes (one paratype, ZMUCTAR 00102). All the type specimens were collected from lichens on shaded rocks and the bark of trees on 27 Jul 1988 from Wolch'ulsan (126°42'N, 34''46'E), ChoUanam-do, Korea. Description.— YioloXypt. Body (Fig. 1) light yellow, with length 218 yun. Internal buccal cirri of head 27.5 jum long; external buccal cirri, 31.7 jum long; buccal papillae prominent, 7.3 ixm long by 3.3 tim wide, larger than clavae. Cuticular plates (Fig. 2) with double sculpturing consisting of minute, closely spaced polygons and irregular pores except for head and leg plates having only polygons; polygons similar in size (0.30.5 pLVSx), but slightly smaller on head and leg plates; pores larger than polygons (0.61.6 /um), and more distinct on scapular and terminal plates. Head plate (Fig. 1) having small triangular middorsal field without sculpture. Paired plates 1, 2 (Fig. 1) with transverse stripe of clear zone separating smaller anterior part from posterior part of plate. Median plates undivided. Cuticular sculpture of median plates similar to that of other plates; median plate 3 somewhat subsided compared with other dorsal plates. Terminal plate (Fig. 1) with rather shallow lateral incisions, without terminal facetting. Delineation of all cuticular plates distinct. All lateral cirri A, B, C, D and E (Fig. 1) present. Cirrus A (50 nm) thinner than any other cirri on body, about 0.2 times as long as body length; cirrus B (50 nvn) as long as cirrus A; cirrus C (62 ^m) longest of all lateral cirri; cirrus D (41 jtim) slightly longer than cirrus E; cirrus E (35 iim) shortest of all lateral cirri. Dorsal cirri, O* (26 nxn) and D** (24 )um) also present and similar in length. Spine (Fig. 3) on leg I a short thorn. Large sized papilla (Fig. 4) on leg IV. Dentate fringe on leg IV (Fig. 4) with about 1 1 sharp teeth of irregular size, and very finely sculptured without pores. Internal and external claws of legs (Figs. 3, 4) without basal spur; internal claws slightly longer than external claws on all legs. Variation. —The. cirrus C** was very re512 PROCEEDINGSOFTHEBIOLOGICAL SOCIETYOFWASHINGTON


Differences between Escherichia coli O157 (O157) strains are well-established with some of these strains being associated with major outbreaks in the US. EDL933 is one such O157 strain that caused a multistate outbreak in 1982 and has since been used as a prototype in various O157-related experiments.

 As O157 can readily acquire genetic mutations, we sought to determine if the genetic and phenotypic profiles of EDL933 strains from different sources would be consistent.

 We evaluated wild-type O157 strains stocked as EDL933 from three different laboratories, in the strain typing Polymorphic Amplified Typing Sequence (PATS) and the bovine rectal-anal junction squamous epithelial (RSE) cell- and HEp-2 cell- adherence assays. In addition, we also verified if Shiga toxins (Stx), the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE) or curli fimbriae contributed to the adherence phenotypes observed using mutant and wild-type EDL933 isolates.

 Our results showed differences in PATS profiles and RSE cell-adherence phenotype, with no influence from the Stx or LEE genes, between EDL933 from different sources. Interestingly, the EDL933 strain that demonstrated the most contrasting diffuse adherence phenotype on RSE cells, EDL933-T, had decreased curli production that may have contributed to this phenotype.

 Our observations suggest that a comprehensive characterization of bacterial isolates, even if assigned to the same strain type prior to use in experiments, is warranted to ensure consistency and reproducibility of results.


Rotavirus (RV) infection is a primary cause of diarrheal diseases worldwide. RV infects villus epithelial cells, causing villus blunting and malabsorptive diarrhea. To better understand the cellular mechanisms underlying RV‐diarrhea, the time‐course of RV replication, diarrhea and intestinal structural and enzyme responses were assessed in the preclinical piglet model. Formula‐fed, colostrum‐deprived piglets were infected on d4 postpartum with group A porcine RV strain OSU (P9[7],G5). Piglets were euthanized at 0, 4, 8, and 12 h, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 d post‐infection (PI). RV non‐structural protein 4 mRNA expression, a marker of RV replication, increased (p<0.001) at 2d and 4d PI, but returned to baseline by 6d in the jejunum. Diarrhea occurred at 2d, peaked at 3d, began to decrease by 4d, but persisted at 8d PI compared to 0h (p<0.05). Weight gain was positive throughout the study, except a transient loss on (−0.23 kg) 2d PI. Villus height was reduced 50% from 2–8d PI (p<0.05), but crypt depth was unaffected by RV infection. Jejunal lactase activity mirrored villus height and was reduced 3‐fold from 2 to 8d PI (p<0.05), whereas sucrase activity increased 2‐fold over 0h at 2 to 8d PI (p<0.05). Thus, diarrhea persisted beyond RV replication, supporting impaired villus morphology and impaired lactose digestive capacity as the underlying causes for persistent diarrhea following RV infection. Funded by USDA AG‐05‐34505.


In network planning studies, electricity distribution networks are modelled in load flow programs and are used to investigate load growth scenarios. These load growth scenarios help decide how to reinforce current networks to sustain the growth in load demand. Modelling networks on load flow programs like DIgSILENT is relatively easy for simple networks but becomes time-consuming for complex, large, and real networks. This brings about limitations such as planning inadequacies; and results in longer Distributed Generation (DG) connection approval periods. In this paper, a 12-step method for determining distributed generation Medium Voltage opportunity Networks (MVONs) was developed using machine learning (Linear, logistic regression techniques and recommendation systems). When the technique was applied to four distribution networks, protection coordination reinforcements against loss of grading and desensitization were required for DG connections where the medium-voltage transformer circuit breaker TMS and network fault levels were within certain time and current thresholds respectively.


Invasiveness limits current neuromodulation approaches for treating Parkinson's disease (PD). Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFUS) is a viable non-invasive alternative to modulate the cortico-subcortical networks involved in PD. In this study, an intramembrane cavitation model was used to simulate the effects of ultrasonic stimulation to the subthalamic nucleus in a simplified validated model of the cortico-subcortical network. Simulation results from single neuron and network models show the ultrasonic stimulus was effective in producing neuronal excitation in the subthalamic nucleus as well as modulation of activities in other nuclei of the network model (e.g., globus pallidus and thalamus). Additionally, depending on LIFUS parameters (i.e., amplitude and duty cycle) there was a reduction in beta-band parkinsonian oscillations to values close to the healthy condition. Exploratory tests of the stimulus parametric space revealed different operating ranges that could be used to optimize the therapeutic response to LIFUS. In conclusion, the membrane cavitation framework provides reasons to believe that LIFUS would be a potential therapeutic intervention to modulate neuronal circuits involved in PD without surgical procedures. Also, the model employed in the present study would be helpful in exploring other neuromodulation effects of ultrasound waves in neuronal circuits in the brain. However, it is important to validate the results from the computer simulations using both experiments with animal models and clinical trials with humans.


Neuronal migration is an essential process in brain development. Asymmetric cell division takes place within the developing brain, as neural stem cell precursors simultaneously generate new neurons and renew the stem cell population ([Gonczy, 2008][1]). After exiting the cell cycle, newly formed


The article reviews the main approaches to the company's evaluation. In this case, various concepts are considered, for example, the cost of a business. The main objectives of the evaluation are also considered, among which we can single out an assessment to improve management efficiency, determine the value of real estate, determine the value of company intangible assets, and calculate the value of company's debts. In the process of describing the evaluation procedure, various types of assets of the enterprise that form its value are considered.


Families segregating for deficiency of the H α‐2‐L‐fucosyltransferase, FUT1, have been investigated for linkage between FUT1 and other markers on chromosome 19. The results provide evidence for close linkage between FUT1 and FUT2 and for looser linkage between FUT1 and APOG2 and between FUT1 and D19S7. Pairwise linkage data are also reported between other markers investigated.


Objectives.  Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially serious complication of hospitalization and immobilization. The use of anticoagulant prophylaxis in acutely ill medical inpatients is still under debate. New data including a recent meta‐analysis have recently been published. We aim at studying the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant prophylaxis in acutely ill medical inpatients, and demonstrate differences between meta‐analyses due to different data extraction from the heterogeneous studies included.


The amounts of data become increasingly large in recent years as the capacity of digital data storage worldwide has significantly increased. As the size of data grows, the demand for data reduction increases for effective data mining. Instance selection is one of the effective means to data reduction. This article introduces basic concepts of instance selection, its context, necessity and functionality. It briefly reviews the state-of-the-art methods for instance selection. Selection is a necessity in the world surrounding us. It stems from the sheer fact of limited resources. No exception for data mining. Many factors give rise to data selection: data is not purely collected for data mining or for one particular application; there are missing data, redundant data, and errors during collection and storage; and data can be too overwhelming to handle. Instance selection is one effective approach to data selection. It is a process of choosing a subset of data to achieve the original purpose of a data mining application. The ideal outcome of instance selection is a model independent, minimum sample of data that can accomplish tasks with little or no performance deterioration.


To solve assembly optimal tolerance allocation for composite dimensional and geometric tolerances,a tolerance optimal allocation method was presented.Based on the cost-tolerance function and the relationships between dimensional and geometric tolerances,a nonlinear optimal tolerance allocation model was established aiming to minimize the total manufacturing cost.Constraints included functional requirement of assembly dimension chain and the machining capability.Optimal dimensional and geometric tolerances could be obtained by an appropriate optimization algorithm for the model.Finally,the tolerance optimal allocation method for composite dimensional and geometric tolerances and the conventional method were applied to allocate tolerances for an example.Results indicated that the proposed approach was better than the conventional method.


1. Essential issues in community psychiatry 2. Evaluation of community treatments for acute psychiatric illness 3. Synopsis of the daily living program (DLP) for the seriously mentally ill: a controlled comparison of home and hospital-based care 4. Evaluation of a complete community service 5. Early intervention study of psychiatric emergencies 6. Evaluation of psychiatric services 7. A home-based assessment study 8. Home treatment as an alternative to acute psychiatric inpatient admission: a discussion 9. The toxicity of community care 10. Community mental health services: towards an understanding of cost-effectiveness 11. Future research strategies.


An experiment with a mechanical black box containing unknown masses is presented. The experiment involves the determination of these masses and their locations by performing some nondestructive tests. The set-ups are inexpensive and easy to fabricate. They are very useful to gain an understanding of some well-known principles of mechanics.


This paper examines teacher accountability and authority in early childhood policy. It reports on data from a study that investigated the influences affecting early childhood teacher decision-making at the preschool level in Victoria, Australia. Using a question raised by Ball 'Where are the teachers in all this [policy]?' provided a starting point for the critical discourse analysis into how forms of control, teacher authority, obligation and constraint within policies potentially influenced teachers' curriculum decisions. The study found that despite no government-mandated curriculum framework at the time, teachers were held accountable for their curricular practice. Yet as professionals, early childhood teachers were denied public acknowledgement of their expertise as they were almost invisible in policy. In the four policies analysed, proprietors of early childhood settings and preschool agencies held authority over curriculum. Subsequently, teachers' authority as professionals with curricular knowledge was diminished.


At present, no international agreement on standardized protocols for use in double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge exists. There is a great need for such standardization, both for clinical and for scientific reasons.


Raven, Vol. 13, 2006, pp. 77–100 ISSN 1071-0043 ©2006 NAVA Every history of the American flag describes the hoisting of the "Grand Union" or "Great Union" flag on Prospect Hill, near Boston, in January of 1776. A monument to this historic event (Figure 1) was built on Prospect Hill in 1903, and a plaque on the monument (Figure 2) describes it. The flag is usually described as having thirteen red and white stripes, and the British union crosses in the canton (Figure 3).


A double-sided emission type display device includes a first substrate having a first connection and a first protruded portion extending in a first direction; a first display unit at the first substrate; a second substrate coupled to the first substrate, comprising a second connection and a second protruded portion extending in the first direction; a second display unit at the second substrate; and a first flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) including a first connecting portion coupled to the first connection and a second connecting portion coupled to the second connection.


University appraisal in Japan has gone through a three-stage development: self-appraisal,exterior appraisal and accreditaion appraisal.At the same time,the debate over this issue has never ended in the academic circle,focusing on "why to appraise"(teleology),"who to appraise(subject),"appraise what"(object) and "how to appraise"(methodology).A knowledge of the development and debate of Japanese university appraisal would be a great help to ponder upon China's university appraisal thoroughly.


Perioperative stroke and/or neurological dysfunction, accompanied with significant mortality or incapacitating sequelae, not infrequently complicates cardiac, vascular, or neurological surgery. Indeed a recent study in the Journal showed a remarkably high incidence of perioperative stroke, greater than 1 per 200 such patients.1 Thus, clinical strategies aimed at either protecting the brain or enhancing its tolerance to ischemic or anoxic insults are worthwhile from the clinical point of view. In an article published in this issue of Anesthesiology, Bantel et al.2 provide a fascinating preclinical series of studies examining the mechanisms of brain protection from anesthetics.


In order to control the silver content in the preparation process of platinum group anti-cancer drugs,we put two kinds of color reagent to color in the production process of the platinum anti-cancer drugs by UV spectra measurement to control drugs production of platinum anticancer,thus we could control the silver content in the drugs so that it meets the pharmacopoeia standards of US and European


Plans that will lead to the doubling of the number of personnel at RAF Croughton have been approved by South Northamptonshire Council (SNC).


Estimates of Canada's future reserves of conventional oil and gas made by the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources and the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists are largely estimates of "potential" reserves, i.e., reserves based on expected production from "frontier areas". These estimates are far too optimistic, and are not supported by a comparison of Canada's "frontier areas" with other large sedimentary basins in the world. Canada's capacity to depend upon domestic oil supplies will probably be at an end within 10 years unless the tar sands are exploited, and there are major objections to the very rapid development of the tar sands that would be necessary.


The separation process of ternary system of F113,F114 and F112 has been studied by a batch distillation.The experimental results are in good agreement with the calculated ones obtained by using Wilson model and PRO Ⅱ.It can be concluded that Wilson model is applicable for calculating the phase equilibrium data of the ternary system of F113,F114 and F112.The experimental results can provide basis for industrial process design.


Although researchers have studied and reviewed the nonverbal behavior of teachers, the nonverbal behavior of students in classrooms has received less attention. This review presents evidence that student nonverbal behavioral expression is an important source in the formation of teachers' impressions, attitudes, beliefs, and reciprocal behavioral expressions. Evidence comes from studies that emphasize or serendipitously report the effects of student nonverbal expressions. The results of these studies are considered within the research on impression formation, communication theory, and classroom activity and participation structures. This review is organized within the general categories of location/proximity, student attentiveness, disruptive behaviors, and student interactive timing skills. Suggestions for further research center on when to observe, who to observe, and what to observe. The authors emphasize the importance of designing studies that recognize both the value and complexity of researching student nonverbal behavioral expression.


trzeciecki m. 2018. the stronghold on st. peter's hill in radom (poland). archaeology, Biography of the place, and practices of memory. Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia 13, 309–332 the stronghold called st. peter's hill in radom is located in the centre of the city, in an area severely degraded by the side effects of 19thand 20th-century industrialisation. the archaeological excavations and paleoecological research carried out in 2009–2013 created a background for studying its complex past and designing the future. the biography of st. peter's hill encompasses the early medieval power centre, late medieval urbanisation, nineteenth-century industrialisation, subsequent degradation of material and human resources, and present revitalisation projects. this place is far more than an archaeological site or even a part of archaeological heritage. it is a unique cultural landscape, which emerged as a result of long-lasting mutual relations between man and nature. its materiality constitutes an inalienable cultural capital, indispensable for the reconstruction of local identities and communities of memory.


Human activity recognition (HAR) was done in various parts of the world in the most recent decade. HAR intends to give data on human actual activity and to recognize activities in a true setting. HAR is individual of the major problems in the system vision field. Distinguishing and recognizing events or behaviors that are performed by an individual is an essential key objective of astute video frameworks. Person activity is utilized in an assortment of uti1ization zones, from person system cooperation to observation, safety, and wellbeing monitor frameworks. Notwithstanding progressing efforts in the field, HAR is as yet a troublesome errand in an unlimited climate and countenances numerous difficulties. The work incorporates various famous strategies for recognizing activity, in wearable gadgets, and cell phone sensors. Understanding the activities of humans through body sensors data collection methods and analyzing them in machine learning techniques is a demanding task in near future. Wearable devices permit catching assorted reach physiological and efficient data for the app in sports, prosperity, and medical services. Movement Recognition has numerous apps on the planet today. HAR can be characterized as distinguishing and recognizing an individual's activities, for example, "standing, sitting, walking, laying down, walk upstairs, walk downstairs, etc." the proposed system method can add to the fast execution of working activity recognition in genuine working fields.


Objective To establish and analyze the gene-expression profiles in the prolactinomas.Methods The gene expression profiles in 2 prolactinoma samples and 2 normal pooled pituitary tissues samples were determined by the whole genome oligonucleotide microarray(Affymetrix 133 plus 2.0).Differentially expressed genes were screened out and their bioinformatics was analyzed.Results The gene expression profiles in the normal pooled pituitary tissues and prolactinomas were successful established.There were 313 up-regulated genes and 856 down-regulated genes in the prolactinomas compared to the normal pooled pituitary tissues.These differentially expressed genes mainly involved in the molecular pathways of molecular binding,apoptosis or tumor,metabolism,signal transduction activity and cell-cycle.Conclusions The establishment of gene expression profiles in the prolactinoma is helpful to analysis the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis of the prolactinoma.


Purpose – This article aims to explore attitudinal and behavioural differences between target and non‐target groups of ethnic advertisements. It seeks to expand the existing body of knowledge by investigating these differences from the perspective of young consumers in an Eastern context. This helps in testing the established theories of distinctiveness and cultural schemas in an Eastern society.Design/methodology/approach – The study sample consists of 1,600 randomly selected adolescents from different states of Malaysia. Data were analysed using MANOVA, ANOVA and t‐test to explore the group differences between adolescents based on their ethnicity and advertisement type.Findings – The results indicate a significant group difference between target and non‐target respondents to the advertisement. It also shows that ethnicity is a viable target variable for both majority and minority ethnic groups in Malaysia.Research limitations/implications – Although there are many ethnic groups in Malaysia this research...


The evaluation index system for eco-industrial park of power plant was proposed by using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to determine weight of various index. A fuzzy evaluating model for the park was set up, and the procedures as well as evaluating methods were identified. The model is proved practical in a case study for a aluminum power plant in Baotou.


The general subject of distribution transformer load management has been covered by papers in the past. However, several significant advancements are being utilized by the Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company which should be of interest to the power industry. These include the following: (1) transformer and secondary loads are determined from individual customer usage, considering monthly usage for an entire year, and not just for one specific month; (2) transformer capability is determined for both thermal and voltage limitations; and (3) secondary voltage drop is calculated for each distribution. In addition, multiple correlation techniques have been used to determine the relationship between kilowatt-hours and kilowatt demand. As a result of this statistical analysis, three formulas have been derived, one for residential use, one for commercial use, and one for mixed use. This new approach adds accuracy, while still keeping the formulas simple.


Urban ecological environment and greenbelt planning should rely on the quantitative analysis of ecological benefits, therefore, using RS data as its main data sources, combining information from field observation, statistic data and so on, and introducing GIS technology, a model for evaluating and predicting ecological benefits of urban greenbelt is established


In this paper, we present a solution to the TTC'20 offline case Round-trip migration of object-oriented data model instances [1]. This case involves the application of maintenance tasks to web APIs that are associated with domain models so that updates are backward compatible. The solution presented in this article features the EMF-Syncer [2], a synchronization tool for bridging MDE-agnostic programs and MDE-aware programs, which may have some similarities in their object-oriented data models at run time. EMF-Syncer provides a generic synchronization strategy that exploits such similarities automatically and is, therefore, a suitable candidate for solving the proposed problems, since each problem relies on a small change and there is a large overlap between two versions of the same data model. In the paper, we used the case benchmark framework to justify that our solution exhibits a good balance between specification conciseness and performance.


The present invention relates to a partially crosslinked thermoplastic elastomer composition (A), the long chain branch-containing polypropylene (B) and a foaming agent in the foamable olefin (C) The thermoplastic elastomer composition. Partially crosslinked thermoplastic elastomer composition (A) is ethylene, of 3 to 20 carbon atoms - an ethylene-non-conjugated diene according to the olefin and optionally 1 - olefin copolymer rubber and a peroxide crosslinking type olefin copolymer rubber (a), of 3 to 20 carbon atoms - containing a certain amount of olefins and having a specific MFR - it is a mixture of a specific ratio of the olefin (co) polymer with the peroxide decomposition type olefin plastic (b) is obtained by heat treatment under the action of organic peroxides present. The invention also relates to get the blowing agent by heating the foamable olefin thermoplastic elastomer composition. Foamable olefin has an expansion ratio of at least 2-fold from the thermoplastic elastomer composition, but supported by a degassing rough on the surface, good to the touch can also be prepared with high productivity by the simple process to the excellent heat resistance and weather resistance foam.


Temperature measurements in recent mineral exploration boreholes allow the first heat flow estimates to be made for Egypt. Gradients ranging from 15.6 to 32.0 mK m/sup -1/ have been determined from 22 boreholes at 4 locations in the Eastern Desert, and a range of 18.0 to 18.5 mK m/sup -1/ was measured in 3 boreholes at a single locality in the Western Desert. Uncorrected heat flow values have been estimated from these gradients and are considered to be reliable to within +-20 percent. Heat flow values for the localities in the Eastern Desert are as follows: Neweibi (25/sup 0/ 12'N; 34/sup 0/ 31'E) 60 mW m/sup -2/ (1.4 hfu); Abu Dabab (25/sup 0/ 21'N; 34/sup 0/ 33'E) 85 mW m/sup -2/ (2.0 hfu); Sukkari (24/sup 0/ 57'N; 34/sup 0/ 43'E) 55 mW m/sup -2/ (1.3 hfu); Abu Ghalga (-24/sup 0/ 20'N; -34/sup 0/ 55'E) 37 mW m/sup -2/ (.9 hfu). Except Abu Ghalga, these localities are all in granitic Precambrian Basement rocks, and indicate significantly high heat flow in the Precambrian of Egypt bordering the Red Sea. Abu Ghalga is in gabbroic Basement rocks, and estimates indicate that thermal refraction may reduce the heat flow by as much as 20more » percent at this site. The high heat flow is associated with microseismic activity and is thought to be related to the opening of the Red Sea. Heat flow at the single locality in the Western Desert (Abu Tartur: 25/sup 0/ 26'N; 30/sup 0/ 02'E) was measured in Palaeocene sediments, and is estimated to be 42 mW m/sup -2/ ( 1.0 hfu). This value is consistent with other heat flow determinations from stable African shield and platform areas, and is in agreement with heat flow values of 42 to 47 mW m/sup -2/ (1.0 to 1.1 hfu) for the northern Western Desert, estimated using temperature data from oil wells.« less


The respective roles that classical humoral antibodies and hypothetical "cellassociated" antibodies may play in tumor homograft rejection and the mechanisms by which they act remain major unsolved problems in homograft immunity. Whereas classical humoral antibodies to tumor homografts are commonly produced, their participation in tumor rejection has been clearly demonstrated only in a limited number of tumor-host combinations. Tumors derived from cells of the lymphoid series appear to be particularly susceptible to in vivo destruction by humoral antibody. Excellent discussions of the evidence bearing on the problem of the mechanisms of tumor homograft rejection have been presented recently by Gorer,' Amos: and Snell and co-~orkers .~ The purpose of the present investigation is to gain further information about the mechanisms by which cell-associated antibody factor of immune host cells may accomplish the destruction of tumor cell homografts. The system, Sarcoma I (Sa I) in the C57BL/6K mouse, was chosen because it is one in which homograft rejection appears to depend solely on cell-associated antibody. Indeed, in this system classical humoral antibody exerts a suppressive rather than an augmentative effect on tumor rejection and induces an "immunological enhancement" of tumor growth rather than i m m ~ n i t y . ~ Sarcoma I originated in 1947 in a mouse of the Strong A strain that had been treated with dibenzanthracene. The tumor grows progressively in the A/ Jax subline of the Strong A mouse and kills 100 per cent of the animals. In contrast, mice of the resistant C57BL/6K strain, given a standard dose of 30 million ascites tumor cells by the intraperitoneal route, reject the tumor in essentially 100 per cent of the cases. The tumor shows unrestricted growth in the animals until the 6th or 7th day, when rejection begins. Rejection is largely completed by the 8th day, and the animals remain immune to rechallenge for weeks thereafter. Since our preliminary attempts failed to demonstrate that Sa I cells are destroyed by reaction in vitru with immune cells, attention was centered on in vizw studies of interaction between immune host cells and tumor cells. If the rejection of Sa I by the C57BL/6K mouse results from contact of immune


Life historical, behavioral and ecological traits of Macrodiplosis selenis, which induces leaf‐margin fold galls on Quercus serrata, Q. mongolica and Q. dentata (Fagaceae) in Japan and South Korea, were studied. Daily activity and larval development indicate that M. selenis is a diurnal and univoltine gall midge. In April, females lay their eggs both on upper and under surfaces of fresh leaves. The duration of the egg stage varies from 5 to 9 days, depending on daily temperatures. Hatched larvae crawl to the upper surface of the leaf margin, where they start to induce galls. Larvae become full‐grown in October, drop to the ground in November and overwinter in cocoons on the ground, while larvae of congeners mature in May and drop to the ground in June. A relatively long period of the second larval stadium from July to October on the host trees seems to be effective for M. selenis in avoiding summer mortalities caused by predation and aridity on the ground and by ectoparasitoids that attack mature larvae or pupae on the host leaves. The spatial distribution pattern of M. selenis leaf galls is contagious and the mean gall density per leaf is significantly correlated with the mean crowding. This study adds new insights of life history strategy and adult and larval behavioral pattern to the ecological knowledge of gall midges, and these kinds of information are essential for further studies of M. selenis population dynamics and interactions with other Quercus‐associated herbivores.


In the journey towards the development of potent multi-targeted ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, a series of Aβ aggregation inhibitors having quinoline scaffold were designed utilizing computational biology tools, synthesized and characterized by various spectral techniques including single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Organic syntheses relying upon convergent synthetic routes were employed. Investigations via ThT fluorescence assay, electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed the synthesized derivatives to exhibit Aβ self-aggregation inhibition. Molecules 5g and 5a showed the highest inhibitory potential, 53.73% and 53.63% at 50 μM respectively; higher than the standard Aβ disaggregating agent, curcumin. Molecules 5g and 5a disaggregated AChE-induced (58.26%, 47.36%) Aβ aggregation more than two fold more than the standard drug-donepezil (23.66%) and inhibited Cu2+-induced Aβ aggregation. A docking study significantly showed their interaction with key residues of Aβ and the results were in accordance with the study. Besides, these compounds also exhibited potential antioxidant activity (5a, 2.7240 Trolox equivalent by ORAC assay) and metal chelating property. Furthermore, the stoichiometric ratio of Cu (ii)-5a and Cu(ii)-5g complexes were found by Job's method (0.5 : 1 for 5a and 0.8 : 1 for 5g). In silico ADMET profiling showed these derivatives to have drug like properties with very low toxicity effects in the pharmacokinetic study. Overall, these results displayed a multi-activity profile with promising Aβ aggregation inhibition and antioxidation and metal chelation activity that could be helpful for developing new multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease.


The Wilms' tumor suppressor protein WT1 is a transcriptional regulator involved in differentiation and the regulation of cell growth. WT1 is subject to alternative splicing, one isoform including a 17–amino acid region that is specific to mammals. The function of this 17–amino acid insertion is not clear, however. Here, we describe a transcriptional activation domain in WT1 that is specific to the WT1 splice isoform that contains the 17–amino acid insertion. We show that the function of this domain in transcriptional activation is dependent on a specific interaction with the prostate apoptosis response factor par4. A mutation in WT1 found in Wilms' tumor disturbs the interaction with par4 and disrupts the function of the activation domain. Analysis of WT1 derivatives in cells treated to induce par4 expression showed a strong correlation between the transcription function of the WT1 17–amino acid insertion and the ability of WT1 to regulate cell survival and proliferation. Our results provide a molecular mechanism by which alternative splicing of WT1 can regulate cell growth in development and disease.


Dislocations in talc appear to be dissociated into four partial dislocations separated by their stacking fault ribbons. This phenomenon can easily be interpreted in terms of the known structure of talc. The stacking fault energy can be estimated from the equilibrium condition of the four partials. Complicated networks resulting from the interactions of ribbons are observed. A number of striking contrast effects are also described.


Presentation given at 'Urgent Enquiry' Seminar, Wexford, Eire 22 March 2018, at the invitation of a group of Public Art Officers. The presentation provides examples of artists' practices, current and historical, and relates those to issues in ecosystems services and climate change transformations.


Background Giant cell arteritis (GCA), also known as temporal arteritis, is a vasculitis of large and medium-sized vessels, which commonly involves the extracranial branches of the carotid artery. There are conflicting evidence regarding the association between GCA and both solid and hematologic malignancies.1–4 Objectives To assess the coexistence rate of GCA and hematologic malignancies. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed utilising the database of Israel's largest healthcare association, Clalit Health Services (CHS). All patients with previously documented diagnosis of GCA were included, as well as age-and sex matched controls without GCA. The proportions of Hodgkin's lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma were compared between patients and controls. Univariate analysis was compared using chi-square test for categorical variables and student's t-test for continuous variables. A multivariable logistic regression model was built to assess the covariates associated with each Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the hematologic malignancy with the highest number of patients. Results The study included 5,663 GCA patients and 28 308 controls with a mean age of 71 and 68.3, respectively. Both groups consisted of 69.8% females. Multiple myeloma was observed in 27 GCA patients (0.48%) and 53 controls (0.19%), crude OR=2.56 p<0.001. Hodgkin's lymphoma was observed in 19 GCA patients (0.34%) and 41 controls (0.14%), crude OR=2.33 p=0.004. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was observed in 64 GCA patients (1.13%) and 164 controls (0.58%), crude OR=1.96 p<0.001. Multivariable logistic regression model adjusting for age and gender found GCA as independently associated with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (adjusted OR 1.96, p<0.001). Characteristic No GCA n=28 308 GCA n=5663 OR p.ratio Age 68.3±27.4 71.0±15.6 1.00 [1.00;1.00] <0.001 Gender: Female 19 767 (69.8%) 3954 (69.8%) 1.00 [0.94;1.06] 0.991 BMI 28.2±5.91 28.1±5.60 1.00 [0.99;1.00] 0.081 Socioeconomic status: Low 5443 (36.8%) 1970 (34.9%) Ref. Ref. Medium 6241 (42.2%) 2339 (41.4%) 1.04 [0.97;1.11] 0.330 High 3093 (20.9%) 1336 (23.7%) 1.19 [1.10;1.30] <0.001 Multiple Myeloma 53 (0.19%) 27 (0.48%) 2.56 [1.59;4.04] <0.001 Hodgkin's Lymphoma 41 (0.14%) 19 (0.34%) 2.33 [1.32;3.97] 0.004 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma 164 (0.58%) 64 (1.13%) 1.96 [1.46;2.61] <0.001 Conclusions GCA patients have higher rate of hematologic malignancies compared to controls. The association with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the most prominent, and proper screening methods should be applied for early detection and treatment. References [1] Askling J. Do steroids increase lymphoma risk? A case-control study of lymphoma risk in polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis64:1765–1768. doi:10.1136/ard.2005.036459 [2] Liozon E, Loustaud V, Fauchais A-L, et al. Concurrent temporal (giant cell) arteritis and malignancy: report of 20 patients with review of the literature. J Rheumatol2006;33:1606–1614. [3] Kermani TA, Schäfer VS, Crowson CS, et al. Malignancy risk in patients with giant cell arteritis: A population-based cohort study. Arthritis Care Res NA-NA. doi:10.1002/acr.20062 [4] Solans-Laque R, Bosch-Gil JA, Pérez-Bocanegra C, et al. Paraneoplastic vasculitis in patients with solid tumors: report of 15 cases. J Rheumatol35:294–304. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Supplementation of protein to calves grazing actively growing pastures has been shown to increase animal performance. The role of protein supplementation is to stimulate: 1) forage intake and digestibility, 2) microbial protein (MP) synthesis in ruminal fluid and 3) provide adequate amount of undigested intake protein (UIP), which together with MP will be absorbed in the small intestine to meet the protein requirements for ruminant tissue growth. The purpose of the research reported here was to evaluate the effect of different sources of organic nutrients and their blends on feed intake, digestibility, and digesta flow using stocker heifers grazing bermudagrass. Seven Brahman heifers (average initial BW 230 kg) were assigned to seven supplement treatments during three 15 d periods in a 3 X 7 Youden square design while grazing late season bermudagrass pasture. Supplements consisted of the following: minerals only (MIN), corn (CRN), corn gluten meal (GLU), cottonseed meal (CSM), feather meal (FEA), corn gluten/feather meal (GFE) or corn gluten/cottonseed/ feather meal (GCF) all contained Bovatec. The protein containing supplements were formulated to contain 35% CP and 2.5 Mcal ME/kg, and were individually fed at .2% BW per day. Lanthanum and chromium were dosed to serve as flow markers and to estimate fecal output. Single pulse doses of CO-EDTA (solution), ytterbium (forage), and samarium (supplement) were used to estimate turnover rate parameters. Extent of digestion was determined using INDF. Intake was calculated from the estimated fecal output and digestibility. There was a significant effect (P .05) were detected on fiber digestibility; nor on flow of OM, NDF, and INDF to duodenum; nor on turnover rate parameters due to treatments. The only significant differences (P < .05) found in turnover rate parameters were due to site and marker. These data implied that flow and composition of feed amino acids escaping to the duodenum have a nutritional effect in regulating forage intake.


The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of supplying post-ruminal L-glutamine in mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows on plasma amino acid profile, dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition. The experiment was designed as a 4 × 4 Latin square with four 2-wk periods. Cows were continuously infused post-ruminally with graded levels of L-glutamine (L-Gln) for 5 consecutive days during the second week of each period. During the last 24 h of the infusion, blood plasma was collected every 6 h for the determination of plasma amino acid concentrations. Plasma Gln concentration increased (P < 0.05) with increasing L-Gln daily infusions. Infusion of 0, 100, 200, and 300 g d–1 resulted in blood plasma Gln concentrations of 289.5, 299.2, 356.4 and 386.2 mmol L–1, respectively. The level of Gln infusion also resulted in a decrease in the blood plasma concentration of phenylalanine, but the concentrations of all other amino acids were not affected. The administration of Gln did not affect dry matt...


The article develops a mathematical model of the variable flow pump of the aircraft power supply, designed to simulate the operation of the power supply depending on the speed of the sustainer engine, oil temperature, pressure and supply (removable power). In addition, a control algorithm has been developed that provides the required quality of the transient process, which is achieved by installing additional hydraulic resistances between the servo piston cavity, the drain hydraulic line and the control spool, which change the flow characteristic of the pump and contribute to the fastest attenuation of the transient process and reduce its oscillation.


A method of forming a semiconductor device includes forming active circuitry over a semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate has a first major surface and a second major surface and the first active circuitry is formed over the first major surface of the semiconductor substrate. A via is formed within the first semiconductor substrate, wherein the via extends from the first active circuitry to the second major surface of the first semiconductor substrate. A dielectric layer is formed over the second major surface and adjacent the first via. The dielectric layer may include nitrogen and silicon and may be formed by a low pressure, low temperature, or both plasma process.


The present invention discloses a plasma processing apparatus, comprising a gas-tight reaction chamber, the reaction chamber comprises a dielectric window and the top of the reaction chamber sidewalls, the reaction chamber comprising a base for supporting a substrate to be processed; above the dielectric window is fixed to a self-shielded inductor, wherein: said self-shielded coil includes a first coil connected in series with each other, the intermediate and third coils, wherein the intermediate coil is located below the first and third coils and the width third width greater than the first coil or coils, a radio frequency electric field is applied to the RF power from the first coil between the input terminal and the output terminal of the third coil shield coil, wherein the third coil is connected to a further output terminal adjusting circuit adjusts the Ping Heng Ping Heng adjustment circuit formed on the self-standing wave shielding coil, the intermediate coil voltage amplitude is less than the amplitude of the voltage on the first or the third coil winding.


In Irragic gypsic calsisols (in WRB), in Irragic calsisols (in WRB), in Irragic mollic luvisols (in WRB) and in Irragic gleyic luvisols (in WRB) of subtropic zones in a crop rotation under vegetable cultures, at permanent cultivation of these cultures and virgin variants for comparison it is investigated fermentativ activity, number of microorganisms, intensity of carbonic gas isolation from soils, nitrification, ammonification and decomposition of cellulose. On the basis of biochemical parameters are given biodiagnostics and a complex of biological parameters are given the integrated parameter of ecologo-biological condition of investigated soils is determined. Results of analyses have shown, that using of the scientifically-grounded crop rotations in conditions of in Irragic mollic luvisols and in Irragic gleyic luvisols irrigation it is possible to keep fertility, and it also possible to increase it in Irragic gypsic calsisols and Irragic calsisols.


Diabetic retinopathy (DR) ranks fifth among leading global causes of moderate to severe vision impairment and blindness in adults aged 50 years and older.[1] The disease has been observed to show 1-step and 2-step progressions over four years from baseline in 30.2% and 12.6% of patients, respectively.[2] Chronic inflammation is known to play a role in the pathophysiology of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).[3]There also seems to be role of inflammatory processes in the development and progression of DR.[4] Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), corticosteroids, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); alpha inhibitors are known to reduce vascular permeability and suppress inflammation and thereby regress diabetic macular edema (DME).[5-7] Recently, intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment has also been shown to delay the progression of non-proliferative DR to proliferative DR.[8] In diabetic animals, control of inflammation by systemic therapy was found to be associated with amelioration of DR.[9] However, this has not been evaluated in humans. This could be attributed to the requirement of long‐term administration of immune‐based anti‐inflammatory drugs which are associated with unwarranted side effects.


The paper presents energy efficient routing in dynamic optical networks, where solar energy sources are employed for the network nodes. Different parameters are evaluated, including the number of nodes that have access to solar energy sources, the different maximum solar output power, traffic type and the locations of solar powered nodes. Results show a maximum 39% savings in energy consumption with different increases in connection blocking probability.


Modeling an airborne IElectro Hydrostatic Actuation (EHA) system with the nonlinear factors, saturation and dead zone. Based on double close loop control and variable gain predictive PD control, designed an innovation hybrid control scheme for the EHA. Its excellent characters consist of fast response, high accuracy, robustness and none overshoot. The scheme has been applied to an airborne EHA prototype successfully.


The P-V-T data on water by Amagat and Kennedy et al. and on sea water by Newton and Kennedy, the compressibility data on water by Diaz Pena and McGlashan, the bulk compression data on water and sea water by Ekman, and the sound velocity data on water and sea water by Del Grosso and Wilson have been analyzed using the Tait and the Tait-Gibson equations. The P-V-T relationship for water can be well represented by the Tait equation, V0(P) = V0(1) - C × log [(B + P)/(B + 1)], and for sea water by the Tait-Gibson equation, V(P) = V(1) - (1 - S × 10−3) × C log [(B* + P)/(B* + 1)] where C = 0.315 × V0(1) and B = 2668.0 + 19.867t - 0.311t² + 1.778 × 10−3t³, for Amagat data in the range of 0 ≤ t ≤ 45°C and 1 ≤ P ≤ 1000 bars and B* = (2670.8 + 6.89656 × S) + (19.39 - 0.0703178 × S)t - 0.223t² for Ekman's sea water data in the range of 0 ≤ t ≤ 20°C, 1 ≤ P ≤ 1000 bars, and 30 ≤ S ≤ 40‰.


Objective To investigate the changes of bone metabolism in patients with hyperthyroidism before and after 131Ⅰtherapy.Methods The serum levels of FT3 FT4,sTSH and bone mineral density(BMD) of 54 patients with hyperthyroidism were measured before and after 131Ⅰ therapy 3 month and 6month.Results 55.56% patients with hyperthyroidism were discovered incidence of bone mineral density diminution;there was no significantly improved in patients with hyperthyroidism before and after 131Ⅰtherapy 3 month,however,there was significantly improved after 131Ⅰtherapy 6 month in those patients who have been cured or have effects,and no change in those who have no effect or hypothyroidism.Conclusion BMD of hyperthyroidism patients can resume to normal in a short period of time(6 month) after using 131Ⅰtherapy;hypothyroidism patients after 131Ⅰ therapy can not resume, so we should avoid the incident of hypothyroidism as possible,and thyroxin substitute therapy if only hypothyroidism occur.


Randall Moon has looked to tadpoles and stem cells for clues about embryonic development and cell fate. Now he has his eye on turning biology into therapy. By Karen Hopkin.


Mobile IP is a network technology to realize the communications between hosts and LAN in TCP/IP network, which mainly resolves the problem of LAN not able to outspread. Mobile IP makes IP devices browse the Internet at any moment and anywhere. This flexible communication scheme can provide a powerful communication basis for CSCW, and it will make the application of CSCW going further. Our thesis brings forward a concrete implementation of the mobility on IP layer of TCP/IP protocol family to assure the mobile node feeling no infection of mobility no matter what protocol be used on application layer and transport layer. We work with Linux and utilize its opening kernel environment to provide a practicable scheme to implement tunnel technology of mobile IP. We focus on IP layer, extra dispose the packets and make them transferred through tunnel, which can assure all the packets transmitted freely between the mobile node and other nodes. We directly implant the encapsulation and decapsulation process into Linux kernel in order to improve speed and security.


This paper presents a reconstruction pipeline for recovering branching structure of trees from laser scanned data points. The process is made up of two main blocks: segmentation and reconstruction. Based on a variational k-means clustering algorithm, cylindrical components and ramified regions of data points are identified and located. An adjacency graph is then built from neighborhood information of components. Simple heuristics allow us to extract a skeleton structure and identify branches from the graph. Finally, a B-spline model is computed to give a compact and accurate reconstruction of the branching system.


Desertification has become one of the major environmental problems of the world in recent years. Salt damage caused by saline accumulation is reported as one of the causes of desertification. There are various methods to remediate saline soil. One of the methods, the use of halophytic ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), has been developed in recent years. However, studies of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum are still few and report only on the effect of salinity and moisture condition on salt absorption and growth. The purpose of this study is to 1) elucidate salt absorption capacity and growth rate of iceplant under saline soil, and to 2) detect the state of salt absorption of iceplant by spectral reflectance characteristics (non-destructive measurement). According to our results, a tendency of growth reduction was found as salt stress or water stress became higher. This is presumed because the root water absorptive function is inhibited due to the decline of soil water potential. There was a trend of higher EC under lower soil water potential conditions. It is presumed that less soil water content activates more to salt absorption from the soil. A trend was also found that the iceplant physiological activity declines as salt accumulation in the leaves increases. From this result, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), which detects plant activity, can be a good index to show the state of saturation of absorbed salts. We propose that it is possible, by monitoring the leaf maximum salt accumulation with NDVI, to effectively desalinate soil.


ABSTRACT This study examines two aspects of the experiences that committed, unmarried same-sex couples have with social network members (friends and family members). The study examines how remaining unmarried affected the couples' relationships with social network members and the discursive strategies couples use when discussing their relationship with social network members. Twenty-seven committed, unmarried U.S. same-sex couples were interviewed. Couples described two challenges in their relationships with social network members as a result of not marrying: others perceived their commitment level as lessened because they did not marry, and others supported their relationship less because they did not marry. Couples used four discursive strategies to establish and maintain their family identity when interacting with social network members. Couples' relational experiences and discursive strategies were consistent with previous descriptions of discourse-dependent families.


Objective To investigate whether bone marrow cells (BMCs) transplantation could promote the restoration of the injured liver in Nagase' s analbttminemic rats. Methods Fischer 344 rats(F344) and congenic Nagase' s analbuminemic rats (F344alb) were respectively used as donors and recipients. F344alb received pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine (RS) (30 mg/kg, I. P.) two times, once 2 weeks. Four weeks later,1 x 107 BMCs or 2 x 106 hepatocytes from F344 were transplanted into portal vein immediately after 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PH). F344alb rats were divided into following groups: neither RS/PH treatment nor cells transplantation (Group Ⅰ ,n = 5 ) ;BMCs transplantation alone (Group Ⅱ , n =8 ) ; RS/PH treatment alone (Group Ⅲ ,n = 8 ) ;BMCs transplantation with RS/PH treatment (GroupⅣ, n= 8) ;hepatocytes transplantation with RS/PH treatment ( Group Ⅴ, n = 8 ). Morphological, histochemical and serological examinations for recipients' liver function and serum albumin were performed post-PH. The normal albumin gene was detected respectively from recipients' liver and bone marrow. Results Survival rate was significantly increased by BMCs transplantation, but not increased by hepatocytes transplantation. Both BMCs and hepatocytes transplantation stimulated liver regeneration. TB and ALT were significantly increased in rats of groups Ⅲ and Ⅴ at day 1,2 post-PH. BMCs transplantation could proteet the liver function after being damaged by RS-exposed and PH. Clusters of hepatocytcs were detected in livers of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ at 4th week post-PH. Normal albumin gene sequence was detected in the liver of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ. Serum albumin levels were increased in groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ . Conclusion F344-defived BMCs transplantation could promote the restoration of the injured liver in F344alb, and increase the survival rate in serious liver-damaged.

Key words:
Transplantation;  Bone marrow cell;  Hepatocytes;  Albumin


In this study a series of Ru I I I complexes, chelated by analogues of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (dtpa), were produced and tested for NO scavenging ability. Modifications to the edta and dtpa ligand frameworks were made in an effort to alter the reactivity, aqueous stability and pharmacokinetics of the resulting Ru I I I complexes. The X-ray structure of the nitrosyl complex 38 confirms that the Ru I I I complex 27 reacts with NO to form a linear {Ru-NO} [ 6 ] complex. The nitrosyl complex [C 1 5 H 1 5 N 4 O 1 1 Ru] crystallized in the P2 1 /c space group with a = 12.731(3) A, b = 10.894(2) A, c = 14.241 (3) A, β = 107.320(4)°, V = 1885.6(7)A 3 , and Z = 4. Kinetic studies on the reactions of 14 (k = 2.38×10 6 M - 1 s - 1 ) and 27 (k = 2.30x 10 5 M - 1 s - 1 ) with NO exemplify the difference in chemical properties obtained by ligand framework manipulation. Binding constants of 14 (K B = 5×10 6 M - 1 ) and 27 (K B = 2 × 10 5 M - 1 ) with NO were also measured, indicating the tight binding of NO by the Ru I I I complexes. The activity of the Ru I I I complexes to scavenge nitric oxide was evaluated using RAW264 murine macrophage cells. Ligand analogues of edta that have a pyridine donor as part of the N,N chelate such as 20 and 24 exhibit similar scavenging activity to the parent compound. Ligand analogues of dtpa that have R groups at the central amine in place of the carboxylic acid such as 31, 34, and 37 are also efficient NO scavengers.


Objective To evaluate the effection of lauromacrogol injection in the hemangioma of infantile. Methods The injection of 65 cases of infant Hemangioma in different parts of lauromacrogol injection, through the 3~7 months of observation, judging its efficacy. Results in 65 cases, cured 15 cases,partly cured in 45 cases,improvement in 5 cases, effective rate 92.3% . Conclusion lauromacrogol injection treatment of infantile Hemangioma without hospitalization, safe, effective, convenient, and no visible scar after treatment, in line with the cosmetic requirements.


Background: Data collection from medicine and biomedical science is becoming a large task and increasingly complicated with each passing day. Machine learning methods have been applied to elucidate interactions between genes and genes and their environment.Current Concepts: Many machine learning methods have been used to determine the statistical meaning or relationship in the prediction or progression of diseases through the creation of causal networks based on medical big data. Through these analyses, the occurrence and progression of diseases have been shown to be related to several genes and environmental factors. However, these methods cannot identify the key upstream regulators inferred from genomic, clinical, and environmental medical data.Discussion and Conclusion: The causal Bayesian network (CBN) is a machine learning method that can be used to understand a causal network inferred from the gene expression data. The CBN can help identify the key upstream regulators through examining the causal network inferred from medical big data having genomic information. We can easily improve the clinical outcome through regulation of these identified key upstream factors. Therefore, the CBN may be a powerful and flexible tool in the era of precision medicine.


The purpose of this research was to test the role of management commitment in improving financial report quality. This research was quantitative-qualitative study used primary data sourced from the questionnaire on 47 samples. Data analysis used multiple linear regression. The results showed that the implementation of internal control systems had significant positive effect on the quality of financial statements, while the implementation of accounting standards had no effect on the quality of financial statements and management commitments were not strengthening the implementation of internal control systems and the implementation of accounting standards on the quality of financial statements of government sector.


Understanding the proof problem is necessary in the development of geometric proof in schools. This paper discusses findings from a qualitative case study which explored the mathematical work done by teachers in helping students to understand geometric proof problems. Data were generated from two teachers through video-recorded observations of 30 lessons and tape-recorded post-lesson interviews. Both types of data were analysed using thematic analysis which involved coding of the data relating to the first stage of Polya's problem-solving framework. The findings suggest that supporting students to understand geometric proof problems involves several tasks, including defining key mathematical terms of the theorem, initiating activities for introducing the theorem and representing the theorem as a statement to be proved. Furthermore, conducting these aspects of mathematical work using empirical exploratory approaches offers students better opportunities to understand the proof problem.


(1) Background: The study aims to estimate the prevalence of normal weight with central obesity (NWCO) and to examine the relationship between NWCO and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults of the province of Shaanxi. (2) Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among residents who were aged 18–80 years and had been living in Zhenba County, Shaanxi Province, for over six months in 2018. Descriptive data analysis and prevalence/frequency were conducted. Logistic regression analyses were used to detect the corresponding factors associated with central obesity. (3) Results: A total of 2312 participants (936 men and 1376 women) were analyzed. The prevalence of NWCO was 58.3%. NWCO was significantly associated with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Compared with normal weight non-central obesity (NWNO), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension were 1.47 (95% CI 1.10–1.98) in men and 1.55 (1.14–2.10) in women, and the corresponding odds ratios for dyslipidemia were 2.71 (1.77–4.13) in men and 1.84 (1.29–2.61) in women. Female sex, age over 58 years, and lower education level were also significantly predictors of abdominal obesity. (4) Conclusions: Body mass index alone as a measure of obesity is not sufficient for assessing health risks. Central obesity index should be used together for clinical assessment.


Chinese terms constitute an essential component in Japanese.Language changes over time,so does Chinese terms in Japanese.This paper expounds the development of Chinese terms in Japanese in different periods.


This paper proposes a method for the automatic transcription of singing melodies in polyphonic music. The method is based on multiple-F0 estimation followed by acoustic and musicological modeling. The acoustic model consists of separate models for singing notes and for no-melody segments. The musicological model uses key estimation and note bigrams to determine the transition probabilities between notes. Viterbi decoding produces a sequence of notes and rests as a transcription of the singing melody. The performance of the method is evaluated using the RWC popular music database for which the recall rate was 63% and precision rate 46%. A significant improvement was achieved compared to a baseline method fromMIREX05 evaluations.


Gross biometrical observation were made on developing spleen of 75 developing Guinea fowls at 7 day interval from day 1 to day 63 of life. The spleen weighed 0.023, 0.208, 0.720 gm at age of 1, 35 and 63 days of development respectively. The percent increment in the weight of spleen was 34.78, 57.57and 30.90 per cent during 1 to 7, 29 to 35, and 57 to 63 days of age, respectively. The spleen constituted 0.096, 0.098 and 0.125 per cent of body weight on 1st, 35th and 63rd days respectively The diameter of spleen was recorded to be 0.27, 0.69 and 0.95 cm on 1st, 35th and 63rd of observation. Increment in the splenic diameter during 1 to 7, 29 to 35 and 57 to 63 days of development was 14.80, 56.81 and 4.39 per cent, respectively.


Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have drawn considerable attention due to their ability to direct electromagnetic waves into desirable directions. Although RISs share some similarities with relays, the two have fundamental differences impacting their performance. To harness the benefits of both, we propose a downlink system wherein a relay and an RIS improve performance in terms of energy-efficiency. Using singular value decomposition (SVD), semidefinite programming (SDP), and function approximations, we propose different solutions for optimizing the beamforming matrices at the base-station (BS), the relay, and the phase shifts at the RIS to minimize the total power under quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. The problem is solved when the relay operates in half-duplex and full-duplex modes and when the reflecting elements have continuous and discrete phase shifts. Simulation results compare the performance of the system with and without the RIS or the relay, under different optimization solutions. The results show that the system with full-duplex relay and RIS outperforms the other scenarios, and the contribution of full-duplex relay is higher than that of the RIS. However, an RIS outperforms a half-duplex relay when the required QoS is high. The results also show that increasing the number of reflecting elements improves the performance better in the presence of a relay than in its absence.