PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of financial inclusion on rural development through cooperatives.Design/methodology/approachThe primary data were collected from 540 beneficiaries of Cooperatives banks operating in three northern states of India, i.e., J&K, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab using purposive sampling during January to June 2016. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, ANOVA,t-test and structural equation modelling were used for scale purification and data analysis.FindingsThe findings of the study revealed that financial inclusion through cooperatives has direct and significant impact on rural development. Further, the results support the notion that financial inclusion is a strategy of inclusive growth, but inclusive growth itself is a subset of a larger set of inclusive development which means that the benefit must reach the all, particularly the women and the children, minority groups, the extremely poor and those pushed below the poverty line by natural and human-made disasters.Research limitations/implicationsThe research has certain inescapable limitations. First, the in-depth analysis of the study is restricted to three northern states of India only because of time and resource constraints. Second, the study is confined to the perception of financial inclusion beneficiaries only, which in future could be carried further on the perception of other stakeholders such as SHGs, banking correspondents, etc. Third, possibility of subjective interpretation in some cases cannot be ruled out.Originality/valueThe study makes contribution towards financial inclusion literature relating to sustainable rural development and fulfils the research gap to some extent by assessing the impact of financial inclusion on rural development through cooperatives.


Thank you for reading discourses of counselling hiv counselling as social interaction. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen novels like this discourses of counselling hiv counselling as social interaction, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their laptop.


We investigate the effect that potassium intercalation has on the electronic structure of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) molecular crystals by means of ab initio density functional calculations. Pristine CuPc (in its alpha and beta structures) is found to be an insulator containing local magnetic moments due to the partially filled Cu d shells of the molecules. The valence band is built out of molecular Pc-ring states with eg symmetry and has a width of 0.38/0.32 eV in the alpha/beta polymorph. When intercalated to form K2CuPc, two electrons are added to the Pc-ring states of each molecule. A molecular low spin state results, preserving the local magnetic moment on the copper ions. The degeneracy of the molecular eg levels is lifted by a crystal field, resulting in a splitting of 52 meV between occupied and empty bands. Electronic correlation effects enhance the charge gap of K2CuPc far beyond this splitting; it is 1.4 eV. The conduction band width is 0.56 eV, which is surprisingly large for a molecular solid. This finding is in line with the observed metallicity of K2.75CuPc, indicating that in this compound the large bandwidth combined with a substantial carrier concentration prevents polaron localization.


At present, IPTV Set-top Box applications basically use the traditional Client/Server structure, and this structure can no longer meet the need. In order to improve this traditional structure, this paper introduce a peer-to-peer IPTV streaming media system which is named Banacast. Compared to other peer-to-peer streaming media systems which are only designed for PC, Banacast mainly run on Set-top Box terminal. Considering the weakness of Set-top Box based on Embedded operating system, Banacast must be specific design. This paper mainly describes the design and implementation of Banacast in such aspects as control flow, framework and major algorithms.


Reducing CO2 into high value fuels and chemicals is considered a great challenge in the 21st century. Efficiently activating CO2 will lead to an important way to utilize it as a resource. This article reviews the latest progress of g-C3N4 based catalysts for CO2 reduction. The different synthetic methods of g-C3N4 are briefly discussed. Article mainly introduces methods of g-C3N4 shape control, element doping, and use of oxide compounds to modify g-C3N4. Modified g-C3N4 has more reactive sites, which can significantly reduce the probability of photogenerated electron hole recombination and improve the performance of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Considering the literature, the hydrothermal method is widely used because of its simple equipment and process and easy control of reaction conditions. It is foreseeable that hydrothermal technology will continue to innovate and usher in a new period of development. Finally, the prospect of a future reduction of CO2 by g-C3N4-based catalysts is predicted.


Recent years have witnessed an impressive growth in the technology of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Being an essential technology of WSNs, localization is very important to the location-based applications and network protocols. Therefore, several reported studies have focused more attention on the secure localization. A paradigm that the benign anchors are compromised in the hostile battlefield environments, and turn into malicious nodes to pretend to be true anchor nodes and send false information to interfere with the correct localization procedure of ordinary nodes, is designed. To solve this problem, some effective approaches should be explored to ensure the security of localization and eliminate the adverse influence due to the malicious anchors. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel information game based secure localization approach for wireless sensor networks. The secure localization problem in hostile scenario has been transformed into an information game problem. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective to secure localization.


Based on the Fama-French three and five factor models, this paper empirically studies the changes in the healthcare industry in the U.S. stock market before and after the epidemic. The results show that the explanatory power of the two models after the epidemic has increased, the influence of market factors has been reduced, the "small-scale" effect of the US stock health care industry has increased, and the market has more preference for growth stocks, and the profitability factor has become significantly affected by the epidemic. The investment style factor is redundant. The medical industry after the epidemic still has investment value.


Basic wavelet denoising techniques rely on a thresholding of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficients of the noisy signal. Some improvements in noise reduction efficiency can be obtained by the use of shift-invariant undecimated wavelet transforms (UWT). Ultrasonic grain noise is one of the most usual types of noise present in ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation. It comes from reflections in the material structure, and occupies a frequency band very similar to that of the echosignals of interest. In this work, new advances in the application of redundant wavelet transforms to ultrasonic grain noise reduction are presented. Wavelet denoising is applied to several sets of synthetic ultrasonic traces, which are obtained from a model that includes frequency dependent attenuation for both grain and flaw backscattered echoes, frequency dependent scattering from the grains, and an accurate model for the pulse-echo frequency response of the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. Two processors based on traditional DWT and alternative a trous UWT denosing have been implemented and compared, using level dependent thresholds (appropriate for correlated noise), soft thresholding, and Universal, SURE and Minimax threshold selection rules. The performances of the two processors are analyzed in terms of the mean value and standard deviation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of different sets of ultrasonic traces before and after denoising. It is shown that a trous UWT processing provides better results than DWT with a general tendency to higher quality of the resulting traces and greater robustness of the processing. It is also shown that the better performance of the UWT is mainly related to the redundancy of the representation, since there are not significant variations between the threshold values obtained with each processor.


This work investigates the influence of perpendicular magnetic field and negative substrate bias, applied during sputtering, on crystallographic structures and magnetic properties of CoCr films sputtered on polyimide substrates of two different temperatures; 27°C and above 150°C. The sputtering rate at the target increases with magnetic field Hs and/or bias voltage VB, while the deposition rate at the substrate decreases markedly with a bias above -100 Vowing to the resputtering of Co and Cr adhered on the film surface, depending strongly on substrate temperature Ts. The film composition, thereby, changes depending on Ts , Hs and VB' The resputtering effect notably influences the film morphology and the magnetic properties. The films, having the good orientation of c-axis and thus having the high perpendicular ani sotropy , can be obtained with perpendicular magnetic fields from 35 to 61 Oe.


agery. 1 Generally, Sirani selected her histor ical characters and their precise actions to emphasize female courage, independence, and strength. When she portrayed popular characters such as Judith, she innovatively chose unusual moments within a familiar narrative to enhance the protagonist's valor, assertiveness, self-control, and virtue. This approach is particularly evident in Sirani's portrayals of heroines from ancient history. Several of these have been considered to be without visual precedent. Sirani surely could have composed her paintings using literary sources. But, as is well established, artists generally blend textual narratives with visual prompts. Although Sirani's feminist incli nations may have encouraged her to seek out episodes to emphasize the bravery of women, these subjects may have been en couraged by visual examples. I would like to propose a precedent for the Timoclea Put ting Alexander's Captain down the Well (Fig. 1) that suggests a broader cultural framework for this painting. The episode of Timoclea killing the cap tain of the Thracian army under Alexander by putting him headlong down a well is a curious one indeed. It is narrated by Plutarch in his life of Alexander and thus firmly within the humanist literary tradition. Sirani read Plutarch in an Italian edition.The fol lowing is the relevant passage:


Background. In parts of Cambodia and in many other parts of the world, irrigation of rice with groundwater results in arsenic (As) accumulation in soil and rice, leading to health concerns associated with rice consumption. At times, some As is present as relatively nontoxic, non-regulated, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Low levels of zinc (Zn) have been found in rice from Bangladesh, Cambodia, and China where As levels in rice are high. Furthermore, there have been claims that Zn deficiency is responsible for stunting the growth of children in Cambodia and elsewhere, however in rural Asia, rice is the major source of Zn. Current data are inadequate for both Zn and DMA in Cambodian rice. Objectives. The present study aimed to provide a preliminary evaluation of the relationship between the content of Zn and DMA in rice grain in Preak Russey, an area with elevated levels of As in groundwater and to improve the management of Zn deficiency in rice. Methods. Rice agriculture was evaluated along the Mekong River in Cambodia. Analyses for metals, total As, and As species in rice and water were conducted by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analysis of total Zn and As in soils and total Zn in rice were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. Results. Rice in Preak Russey had Zn concentrations less than a third the level recommended by the United Nations World Food Programme. There was a significant (p < 0.05) negative correlation between the Zn content of rice and DMA in rice with the lowest Zn and highest DMA levels occurring near irrigation wells, the source of As. Conclusions. The highest levels of DMA in rice were associated with Zn deficiency in rice. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests


Three pretreatments of vegetable samples,i.e.dry ashing,wet ashing and microwave digestion procedures,were investigated to evaluate their effects on the concentrations of trace elements including Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn,Fe and Mn by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS). Perilla frutescens,a vegetable consumed in Tianjin of China,was chosen as a case to deal with the differences occurring in the detected contents of the trace elements due to different pretreatments of samples. A higher recovery ranging from 99.00% to 102% and relative standard deviations below 5% in the detection of these trace elements were obtained when Perilla frutescens samples were pretreated with microwave digestion procedure instead of dry-ashing or wet-ashing method. Moreover,more vegetable samples including Brassica juncea var. multisecta,Lactuca indica,Lactuca sativa,Brassica napus,Allium tuberosum and Lactuca sativa var. capitata were chosen to confirm the accuracy and repeatability of microwave digestion treatment in the detection of these trace elements. It was seen that RSDs were below 5% and the ranges of the recoveries related to the assay of these trace elements varied from 96.51% to 99.87%. Obviously,using microwave digestion to pretreat edible vegetable samples can improve the determination accuracy of trace elements in food nutrition assay.


A model has been developed for average radar backscatter from terrain based on recent carefully controlled wide-bandwidth measurements of vegetation, snow-covered ground, and sea ice and on a comparison with measurements over North America by the Skylab S-193 scatterometer. The models for the thiree cases take the form ¿° dB = A + B¿ + Cf+ Df¿, 20° ¿ angle of incidence ¿ 70°, where the constants vary depending on polarization and terrain class. They also differ above and below a critical frequency (6 GHz for general terrain, 8 GHz for sea ice, and between 8 and 12 GHz for snow). For angles of incidence of 0° (vertical) and 10°, the model is of the form ¿° dB = M(¿) + N(¿)f over the range 1 to 18 GHz. Hundreds of thousands of measurements contributed to the general (vegetated terrain) model, and smaller numbers contributed to the snow and sea ice models. Since 1974 all measurements have been made with University of Kansas microwave spectrometers. A brief discussion of fading shows that insufficient data are available to describe the ranges adequately.


In this text, Timothy Cook analyses political news from a point of view that considers media as a singular social institution. The production of news is understood as a collective process defined by the routines of journalism as an institution and by the choices implied in these routines that are accepted and reproduced in the everyday production of the news. The partial independence of news reporting relative to politics does not hinder, however, that the news function as a political and even governmental institution. Besides publishing political information, defining what is important and interesting; journalists give relevance political actors and certify their authority. The news is the result of conflicting relationships between journalists and sources, where the weight is balanced between official sources and the values inherent to journalistic routines.


The geographical circumstance has been resolved that the central Zhongyuan area takes Nong Geng as dominant manufacture,and life style. But this kind of manufacture,and life style resolves once more in constitution and the disposition of Zhongyuna people , furthermore the thinking mode, action mode Zhongyuan people and even culture incline such as conservation, practical, peace, Zhongyong, Shang gu, Shangzuo etc.From the geographical circumstance to the culture ,it is a generating relationship.


Many people study economics because they wish to understand why we have social problems such as unemployment and poverty, and how they can be remedied. Most people have similar visions of prosperity and justice. We want to live in social harmony, where everyone who wants to can work and make a good living. We would like to eliminate poverty and live in a healthy environment.


I enjoyed the article on the influence of migraine upon art (August 2002 JRSM1). Some years ago I wrote some poems while in the grip of recurrent severe migraine—fortunately now much improved. Here is one of them, which I called Pain Pie:

Boil the pain. Bake it. Make it into bread.

Pain d'epice, spice of life, why am I dead?

Draw the pain. Paint it. Pull it from my head.

Art is life. Life is art. Live it, she said.


Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic in-flammatory disorder of unknown etiology. It is character-ized by daily high spiking fevers associated with an eva-nescent rash, arthritis, and multiorgan involvement (1,2).HerewereportapatientwithAOSD-associatedthromboticmicroangiopathy (TMA) combining central nervous sys-tem and renal involvement, associated with 2 severe andunusual complications: Purtscher-like retinopathy and ex-tremity gangrene. Interestingly, renal biopsy showed de-creased expression of glomerular vascular endothelialgrowth factor (VEGF), which could have triggered theTMA and may represent a new pathophysiologic mecha-nism in human TMA.


Delusions have been conceptualized as forming in response to experience, yet the relationship between religious belief, and beliefs regarded as delusional, has received little research attention. This is despite the high prevalence of delusions featuring religious content. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven participants who had been diagnosed as experiencing delusions. Participants from a range of religious backgrounds were asked about their religious experiences and beliefs, family background and experiences of psychosis. These interviews were analysed qualitatively. Whilst religious background affected the content of delusions, the nature of delusions appeared to be influenced by other factors, such as early family experiences, particularly an absent parent and conflict within the family. Individuals often used a religious framework to understand unusual experiences, and there seemed to be a role for the process of identification and wish fulfilment in influencing delusional content. Whilst this research is clearly limited by its exploratory nature, it offers a possible framework of understanding which helps make sense of religious delusions, and suggests approaches which may be helpful in recovery.


This paper discusses the ecological theory discussed in the World Report on Violence and Health (Krug et al., 2002) as an effective framework for promoting a culture of cyber safety within a higher education institution. This ecology model comprises four distinct yet interconnected subsystems. These subsystems are classified as individuals; relationships; community; and society. The cyber-wellness website discussed in this paper is positioned at the community level, with all subsystems building on and from this level. Information on the site sets the direction for prevention and intervention at the subsystems levels. It is directed toward guiding adults to engage with online technology in ways that promote respect, empathetic understanding and responsibility.


A method is developed for generating approximate numerical solutions to the coupled kinetic equations for the singlet distribution functions specific to a test particle and to a particle belonging to the surrounding solvent or background fluid. These kinetic equations are replaced with equivalent equations of motion for two sets of scalar valued quantities, each of which depends on time and a single spatial coordinate or displacement variable. These scalar valued quantities are contractions of tensor valued correlation integrals associated with a particular pair of momentum space basis functions. Formulas are given which relate these quantities to the correlation functions which are most directly connected to the observables generated by scattering experiments and by molecular dynamics computer simulations.


THE 'LENDING LIBRARY FOR THE BLIND' began its service to readers on Monday, 9 October 1882. The Library was a private charitable venture by Miss Martha Arnold blind herself since childhood and it was accommodated in a small room of her house at 73 Fairfax Road, South Hampstead. Miss Carlota Howden, later Mrs. Dow, was Miss Arnold's first assistant: the two ladies ran the library on a voluntary basis with the assistance of a few friends. Miss Arnold intended in particular that the Library should 'bring solace and light' and that it should help to 'raise the literary standard of the blind'. More stress was probably laid on the first objective: the early catalogues suggest that the book titles chosen for stock were frequently more significant for their evangelical fervour and/or their moral tone than for their literary standard. These three qualities are, of course, not always incompatible. There were in any case no more than fifty volumes on the shelves when the Library opened its doors to its first registered readers, ten in number. The Library opened at first on Monday afternoons only to the blind readers who were in a position to call. Parcels of books were sent off to 'country members' on the first and third Mondays of each month. Volumes were issued for four weeks each: readers who consistently returned them late were suitably admonished. The annual subscription for borrowers was 4sAd. one penny a week but those 'in better circumstances' were expected to pay half a guinea. The Library spent £58 during the first year of service, the readers themselves contributing £10 of this. Two grants, amounting in total to £30, were made by Gardner's Trust for the Blind; the remaining income came in the form of subscription and donations from friends and sympathisers. Gardner's Trust, assuredly, has a strong claim to the role of co-founder of the National Library for the Blind. Many of the Library's early readers were in very reduced circumstances: when they were unable to collect and return their volumes in person the carriage charges payable often formed an almost insuperable obstacle to reasonably full use of the limited services available. Messrs. Carter Paterson, by special arrangement, carried parcels of books in the Greater London area for 4d. each but 4d. was a heavy burden to be borne, say, as frequently as twice a month when the reader was a poor blind person of the 'eighties. Miss Arnold soon busied herself in soliciting special contributions towards a 'Carriage Fund' to assist impoverished readers.' During the Library's first five years of existence the number of readers increased to about one hundred and the stock to 750 volumes


Medical advances over the past two decades have increased the numbers of children who survive serious conditions. Mortality from premature birth and genetic syndromes has improved such that more clinicians offer, and more families request, interventions to prolong their child's life. While some interventions promise cure, others result in chronic disease states that require ongoing medical care. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Abstract Debeaking S.C. White Leghorn pullets at 12 or 16 weeks of age produced carry-over effects into the egg production period of reduced egg size and body size which were considered undesirable. Debeaking at 6 days of age had no significant effect on egg production traits, but significantly reduced feed consumption through 20 weeks of age. Day-old debeaking had no significant effect on egg production traits other than a 5 day increase in sexual maturity. In the groups debeaked at day-old, feed consumed in the period to 20 weeks of age was reduced by 475 grams per pullet and a 118 gram reduction in body weight persisted through 35 weeks of age. Beak regrowth in the 1 and 6 day old and 12 and 16 week of age debeaked groups was not a problem. The two groups debeaked at 6 or 8 weeks of age showed a large number of pullets which required redebeaking at 20 weeks of age.


played, held his wings out, and in a low crouch moved into the trap, pecking at the log as he went. He pecked lightly at the mirror several times, paced back and forth in the trap, and finally left the log and circled the trap twice. He then mounted the log behind the trap and pecked at it again. At 05:53 the male moved to another log and began drumming at approximate 2-minute intervals. At 06:08 he left the log to feed for 3-4 minutes, then mounted the log with the trap again. Without displaying, he crouched with wings held out and rushed into the trap to peck briefly at the mirror. At 06:14 he returned to the log he had been drumming on and drummed at 21/.2 to 3-minute intervals, leaving once more to feed for approximately 5 minutes. At 07:03 we left the blind, though the bird was drumming only 10 feet away. He left reluctantly and drummed immediately from another log within our view. As we advanced he moved to a log just out of sight and continued drumming. He remained in the vicinity of his drumming logs, and we trapped him later the same day. The same male continued to use these logs as a molting site through the summer, and we heard him drumming there twice in August.--H. LEE Gn^D•ELTER, Iowa Conservation Commission, Wildli/e Research and Exhibit Station, Boone, Iowa 50036, and R. SCOTT McBrrR•E3⁄4, Department o/ Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010. Accepted 3 Apr. 70.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine hiring managers' perceptions of massive open online courses (MOOCs) as compared to traditional degree-conferred forms of higher education in relation to hiring and employment decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review is presented along with a triangulated theoretical framework. Using online survey data, quantitative methods reveal findings related to the main research question: what are hiring managers' attitudes toward MOOCs as a form of post-secondary education?

Findings

Analysis of the data reveals that hiring managers have a clear preference for traditionally educated job applicants but employer demographics, apart from organizational procedures, do not significantly impact their overall perceptions of MOOCs' value.

Research limitations/implications

Most of the research is based on anecdotal research. Very little has been written on how to fix this problem.

Practical implications

This paper illustrates implications of MOOCs' future development and implementation both in higher education and in the labor-force. The main implication is that MOOCs represent neither a panacea to the issues facing higher education and the American labor-force nor an alarming threat to stakeholders appreciative of the status quo.

Originality/value

This paper fills a current research gap as evidenced in the literature; employers' perceptions of MOOC-educated job applicants when compared to traditionally educated/degree-conferred job applicants. By determining the value of MOOCs as employers pragmatically view them, stakeholder groups can better determine their future positioning of MOOC-related resources in addition to time and money allocated in MOOCs' direction.


AUTHOR Christel, Mary T. TITLE Shakespeare in Cinema. PUB DATE 2000-04-00 NOTE 8p.; Paper presented at the International Teaching Shakespeare Conference (3rd, Bethesda, MD, March 2-4, 2000). PUB TYPE Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) Speeches /Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Class Activities; *Drama; *English Instruction; *Films; Secondary Education; *Videotape Recordings IDENTIFIERS *Shakespeare (William)


We demonstrate manipulating the interactions of a second-order soliton with a weak probe pulse under the condition of group velocity match and group velocity mismatch (GVMM). During these interactions, the second-order soliton acting as an effective periodic refractive-index barrier leads to the polychromatic scattering of the probe pulse, which is represented as unequally spaced narrow-band sources with adjustable spectral width. In the case of GVMM, almost all the spectral components of the narrow-band sources meet the nonlinear frequency conversion relationship by using the wavenumber-matching relationship due to the robustness of the second-order soliton under moderate high-order-dispersion perturba-tions, so this case is more conducive to the study of the soliton wells. In addition, different transmission states of a soliton well are demonstrated under different probe pulse properties in the fiber-optical analog of the event horizon. When the power of the probe pulse is strong enough, a dispersive wave can be generated from the collision of two fundamental solitons split from the two second-order solitons. These interesting phenomena investigated in this work as a combination of white- and black-hole horizons can be considered as promising candidates for frequency conversion and broadband supercontinuum generation.


In this county, the gap between the urban 'haves' and the rural 'have-nots' continues to be an increasing problem. WHO and UNICEF see primary health care(PHC) as the key to achieving an acceptable level of health throughout the world as a community development. PHC is essential health care made accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them. It is the first level of contact of individual, the family, and community with the national health system. It includes at least education on health system. It includes at least education on health problems, promotion of food supply, MCH including family planning, immunization against infectious diseases, control of endemic diseases, treatment of common diseases and injuries, promotion of mental health, and provision of essential drugs. However, of the aboves, education concerning of mental health problems and the methods to identify, prevent, and control them is the principal step of establishment. In Korea, the category of PHC worker includes the physician as public doctor and nurse as primary health care practitioner and community health leader as village health worker. PHC workers of the aboves will thus function best if they are appropriately trained to respond to the health needs of the community. However in this country, since the national PHC service project launched in 1980, the government has not developed and performed appropriate and enough education and training activities. In light of above reasons, several categories of health education activities had been planned and performed being aimed at above specific target groups and the main focus was on the village health workers for about one year from July 1991 to July 1992 in Yeoju Kun of Kyonki Province. At the end of the period, evaluation of education input was carried out to measure the improvement of healthful life of people in terms of awareness, attitude, and practice. At the end of the period, evaluation of education input was carried out to measure the improvement of healthful life of people in terms of awareness, attitude, and practice. The totals of 80 village health workers, 13 public health practitioners and 9 public docters took in the course of health education for a few hours at every month and the evaluation works of educational effect were taken. The results the study were as follows. 1) Number of persons who realized the maxim "health care of the people is a duty of the government" increased after the education course, On the other hand, the rate of satisfaction on the effort of government for health promotion of the people decreased. 2) Public doctors and primary health care practitioners(nurses) liked and enjoyed the education schedule as a meeting of peer group. It provided chances of communication with staffs of Korea University Hospital. It was said that lectures covered great deal of knowledge and technic they urgently needed in the field. 3) After finishing the education course, more of village health workers(VHW) thought they adapted themselves to their roles and functions showing increased number of home visit and contact with primary health care practitioners by month. 4) In case of patient refer, VHW preferred primary health care practitioners to public doctors. 5) Capability of VHWs in most of their functions increased dramatically after when the education course finished except tuberculosis control.


Service quality and customer satisfaction are very important concepts that companies must understand in order to remain competitive in business and hence grow. It is very important for companies to know how to measure these constructs from the consumers' perspective in order to better understand their needs and hence satisfy them. Service quality is considered very important because it leads to higher customer satisfaction, profitability, reduced cost, customer loyalty and retention. The main purpose of this study theoretically is finding out how applicable the SERVQUAL model is in the context of banks branch and empirically, describe how consumers perceive service quality and whether they are satisfied with services offered by these branch in Hyderabad. A self-completion questionnaire was developed from the SERVQUAL instrument and distributed using a convenience sampling technique to all bank service users to determine their perceptions of service quality in bank branch. From the analysis carried out, it was found out that, the SERVQUAL model was not a good instrument to measure service quality because some of the items under the dimensions overlapped and regrouped under different dimensions from the factor analysis carried out. It also showed some items associated to more than one component.


The optimum water film thickness of slipper in water hydraulic axial piston pump were caculated and analyzed.The results show that balance style hydrostatic bearing design of slipper is not suitable to be used. Structure, structural parameter and materials of slipper in water hydraulic axial piston pump are analyzed and designed.


The present invention includes the steps of setting a virtual screen, the pixel data relates to compensation methods, extended side portion and the corner portion of the virtual screen; Establishing the dimming value of the virtual screen by using the dimming value of the physical screen; Selecting an analysis region of a predetermined size; Calculating a pixel of each of the light amount of the actual screen using the dimming values of the analysis area and the mapping the virtual screen; And a step of modulating the pixel data is multiplied by the gain to the light amount.


People are having increasingly great facility by the developments in technology. Speech recognition technology also means using computer without using mouse and keyboard. This technology is very important for especially visually-impaired and  physical-impaired people.  Because using computer with voice commands is very easier and effective for them. And we need to this kind of softwares very much in our country. Because of this, a program is developed to control browser, media player, calculator, mouse motions, passing actions between one program to another program in taskbar  and desktop properties in Windows Operating System  with voice commands  by using Visual Studio.Net C#. Keywords: Voice recognition, Speech recognition, Window Operating System controls with voice commands ,Browser control with voice, Media player control with voice, Desktop control with voice, Computer control with voice, Software for visually-impaired and  physical-impaired peoples.


In this paper we have considered prey-predator model, where both prey and predator have other food source and both are harvested with different catchability coefficients. Many researchers consider all the parameters of their models are given by fixed values (precise values). In this paper we consider the model with some of the parameters have impreciseness that is, they may assume any value in an interval. The discussion is made by defining an interval valued function. In this paper stability aspects, bionomic equilibrium and optimum harvesting policy are discussed. The paper also presents the stability when time delay is incorporated in the beneficial term of the predator growth equation. All the theoretical results are validated by the numerical simulations.


This paper studies the problems and countermeasures in the revitalization of the Northeast Old Industrial Base of China. On the basis of premise of the role of the Northeast University in the revitalization of the Northeast Old Industrial Base, the purpose of the study is to analyze problems of Northeast University Serving in the Revitalization of the Northeast Old Industrial Base, On the basis of this, put forward the countermeasures to enhance the Northeast University to serve in the revitalization of the Northeast Old Industrial Base, with a view to speed up the revitalization of the Northeast Old Industrial Base. The main research methods adopted in this paper include literature research method, investigation method, comparative analysis method and experience summary method. The conclusion of this paper is that the education of northeast colleges and universities should convey the "suitable" talents for the local economic construction according to the needs of the revitalization of the Northeast Old Industrial Base of China. Scientific research work should provide intellectual support for local economic construction, strengthen the combination of production, teaching and research, improve the ability of colleges and universities to serve the revitalization of the Northeast Old Industrial Base.


This report describes a project to develop a flow probe to monitor gas movement in the vadose zone due to passive venting or active remediation efforts such as soil vapor extraction. 3-D and 1-D probes were designed, fabricated, tested in known flow fields under laboratory conditions, and field tested. The 3-D pores were based on technology developed for ground water flow monitoring. The probes gave excellent agreement with measured air velocities in the laboratory tests. Data processing software developed for ground water flow probes was modified for use with air flow, and to accommodate various probe designs. Modifications were made to decrease the cost of the probes, including developing a downhole multiplexer. Modeling indicated problems with flow channeling due to the mode of deployment. Additional testing was conducted and modifications were made to the probe and to the deployment methods. The probes were deployed at three test sites: a large outdoor test tank, a brief vapor extraction test at the Chemical Waste landfill, and at an active remediation site at a local gas station. The data from the field tests varied markedly from the laboratory test data. All of the major events such as vapor extraction system turn on and turn off, as well as changes in the flow rate, could be seen in the data. However, there were long term trends in the data which were much larger than the velocity signals, which made it difficult to determine accurate air velocities. These long term trends may be due to changes in soil moisture content and seasonal ground temperature variations.


Amendments have been made to International Standards Organization (ISO) 18115‐1:2010 extending the number of terms and, in a few cases where usage has changed, incorporating revisions. Part 1 covers 600 terms used in Auger electron spectroscopy, elastic peak electron spectroscopy, reflected electron energy loss spectroscopy, SIMS, UPS, XPS, etc. as well as 75 acronyms. The terms cover words or phrases used in describing the samples, instruments and theoretical concepts involved in surface chemical analysis. © 2014 Crown copyright. Surface and Interface Analysis © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A theoretical and computer simulation treatment is presented of the response of magnetized plasmas with two ion species to low‐frequency, electric fields oscillating at ω0 near the lower‐hybrid frequency ωlh that shows the existence of parametric instabilities. A new decay instability involving the Buchsbaum two ion resonance occurs for ω0>ωlh, and a purely growing instability occurs for ω0<ωlh. The analysis is valid even when the masses of the ion components are comparable and applies, for example, to deuterium‐tritium plasmas. Computer simulation experiments demonstrate the potential importance of these instabilities as ion heating mechanisms.


An annular hematoma of the cecum was observed in a patient receiving anticoagulant therapy. The literature is reviewed and the clinical, biologic and radiologic elements of the diagnosis collected: these data may spare those frail patients a surgical aggression, often needless, since an adequate conservative treatment may well heal them.


One of the most important influences on battery safety, capacity, and cell ageing is heat generation and temperature inhomogeneity, which cause unbalanced ageing, resulting in cell performance decline. A well-developed temperature management module is required to avoid such undesirable actions. In this study, an air-cooled temperature management module was developed by coupling a unique heat sink of different pin-fin geometries/shapes to prismatic Li-ion cells and a 3D transient analysis was conducted to simulate the cooling performance of this heat sink under the effect of inlet airflow velocities and temperatures at a discharge rate of 2C for three cases. The results in the form of maximum temperature and temperature homogeneity inside the battery were derived and compared to the commonly used circular pin-fin heat sink. The overall result indicates that case 2, which consists of uniform height, shows better promise than others, taking into consideration the geometry employed. After 600 s and at a constant inlet air velocity of 0.412 m/s across a range of 20 o C to 35 o C, it was found that this heat sink performed better, providing an average of 1.87% and 1.93% improvement in temperature homogeneity and battery maximum temperature, respectively. Also, at a constant inlet air temperature of 27 o C across the range of inlet air velocity of 0.206 m/s to 0.824 m/s, this heat sink provides an average of 1.77% and 0.27% improvement in temperature homogeneity and battery maximum temperature, respectively.


We show that $\depth(S/I)=0$ if and only if $\sdepth(S/I)=0$, where $I\subset S=K[x_1,...,x_n]$ is a monomial ideal. We give an algorithm to compute the Stanley depth of $S/I$, where $I\subset S=K[x_1,x_2,x_3]$ is a monomial ideal. Also, we prove that a monomial ideal $I\subset K[x_1,x_2,x_3]$ minimally generated by three monomials has $\sdepth(I)=2$.


Minestone is a by-product of mining coal and its separation for markets. Minestones are derived from the rocks--mainly siltstones and mudstones with seat-earths and sometimes sandstones and limestones. Before World War 2, soil heaps were often ignited and there was a ready market for the clinker formed as a lightweight aggregate. The biggest application for both minestones is as common fill, mostly in highway earthworks, but it was not until 1974 that minestone was permitted for use in roadworks under the same conditions as other engineering soils. Examples are given of the use of minestone as fill and earthworks materials, mainly in areas close to the source of supply, but it has proved to be competitive when delivered by rail over 130 miles from source. For many applications, burnt minestone can be used as lifted, but some screening may be necessary. Care must be taken in the use of fresh-wrought limestone that these use no rock types present which degrade rapidly to "silts and sands" when soaked in water. Minestone can however be used as fill on foreshores and in the construction of reservoirs and dams and there are indications that the range of applications can be extended by the use of ground treatment techniques. (TRRL)


The extrasynaptic region of the squid giant nerve fiber exhibits neuron‐Schwann cell interactions that appear to involve glutamate as a mediator. In an earlier work, it was demonstrated that the periaxonal sheaths of such nerves (where the Schwann cells are located) possess the capacity to transport glutamate. However there was no information available about the possible fate of the glutamate incorporated into the sheaths. In this study, it is demonstrated that the periaxonal sheaths of the extrasynaptic region of squid giant nerves are capable of metabolizing glutamate. Sheaths incubated with 10 μM [1‐14C] glutamate produced [14C]O2 in a manner proportional to time and estimated cell water volume. At least 45% of this CO2 production was determined to be independent of transaminase catalyzed isotopic exchange, thus reflecting real degradation (decarboxylation) of glutamate. It was also demonstrated that the sheaths were capable of glutamine synthesis. Taken together, the findings of our laboratory indicate not only that the Schwann cells of the sheaths fulfil the requirements for a site for the uptake and metabolism of transmitter glutamate in the squid giant nerve but also that certain metabolic characteristics associated with the neuro‐glial unit around synapses are also found in non‐synaptic areas of nerve fibers. GLIA 23:298–303, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The History Center's new exhibition, The Gift of Art: 100 Years of Art From the Pittsburgh Public Schools' Collection , features nearly 80 paintings representing the work of predominantly local artists that were given to the Pittsburgh Public Schools to adorn its buildings and inspire its students.


Ion mobilities at low fields have been measured over the entire liquid range in argon, nitrogen, and methane. Gas‐phase values for argon and nitrogen are also given. Comparison of the ratio of electron to ion mobilities confirmed that the electron remains nearly free in argon and methane liquids but is an anion in liquid nitrogen. At T≲116 K, the product of viscosity and either cation or anion mobility is constant in liquid nitrogen under its vapor pressure. At T>118 K, an abrupt destabilization of the anion in the low density liquid occurs; the breakdown strength of nitrogen should sharply decrease. The utility of breakdown studies in liquid ethane and propane in bridging studies of cryogenic inorganic liquids to studies of normal liquid hydrocarbons is discussed.


Hazard and operability study (HAZOP) is a technique to identification of hazards is involving in the process based on guide words and give recommendation for control of risk. To identification of hazards in the coal chemical department of steel industry by using HAZOP study technique. The studies carried out by a multidisciplinary team for. Explosive hazards, toxic hazards and toxic hazards are main three hazards in any process industry. The Hazard and operability study is the identification of Hazards in process of any industry and find out the lack of safety in the industry. Coal chemical plant is the by product for coke oven gas. The gas is sending through different equipment's for removal of the plant and also helps to improve process safety and to eliminate potential hazard points. HAZOP study is a time consuming process which can compromise the quality of the work different chemical components from the coke oven gas. The functions of the by-product plant are removal of all un wanted chemicals from the coke oven gas and which chemicals removed from the coke oven gas those are useful chemicals for different uses. Hazard and operability study conducted for three different nodes are coven oven gas from battery to before entrance of primary cooler, primary cooler, electrostatic tar precipitator and found out many deviations by apply of suitable guide words. Many hazards are involving in the by-product plant and these hazards are effecting the environment, process and the human beings. The Hazard and Operability Study conducted on the coal chemical plant serves to identify the lack of safety and suggest the preventive controls to eliminate all potential hazards in the process industry.


The key-performance indicators (KPIs) that will be delivered by 5G networks such as extremely low-latency, high capacity, robustness and highly flexible network are key enablers for applications such as autonomous driving, cooperative robotics, transport and processing of large volumes of video and images, to name but a few. This paper presents the ongoing build up and deployment of the Eindhoven based 5G-Brainport testbed towards an open environment for validation and test of end-to-end applications benefitting from the 5G KPIs.


Clathrin light chain (CLC) subunits in vertebrates are encoded by paralogous genes CLTA and CLTB and both gene products undergo alternative splicing in neurons. To understand how this CLC diversity influences neuronal clathrin function, we characterised the biophysical properties of clathrin comprising individual CLC variants for correlation with neuronal phenotypes of mice lacking either CLC-encoding gene. CLC variants differentially influenced clathrin knee conformation within assemblies, and clathrin lattices with neuronal CLC mixtures were more effective in membrane bending than those with single neuronal isoforms nCLCa or nCLCb. Correspondingly, electrophysiological recordings revealed that neurons from mice deficient for nCLCa or nCLCb were defective in synaptic vesicle recycling. Mice with only nCLCb had a reduced synaptic vesicle pool compared to wild-type mice, while nCLCa-only mice had increased synaptic vesicle numbers. These findings highlight functional differences between the CLC isoforms and show that isoform mixing influences tissue-specific clathrin function in neurons.


There are two significant books on public relations written by Edward Bernays: Crystallizing Public Opinion, and Propaganda. The author draws from Freud's discussions about human psyche, which are accompanied by Lipmann and Le Bon's theories of group psychology and herd instincts. Accordingly, within the context of interdisciplinary correlations, the aim of this paper is to explore the following question: How did Bernays build the public relations field according to the analysis of psychology of the masses? This paper generates three theses: (1) The principle mechanisms for the influence on public opinion are the group and the herd, (2) Dogmas and stereotypes work within the concept of psychology of masses, upon which methods for modifying group opinion are built, (3) Motivation mediates between public opinion, public relations and media. Instead of a conclusion, the ethics of the public relations will be tackled. The perspective of this scientific filed will depend on its due respect to the public.


The Western European Union (WEU) has received much attention since its rejuvenation in the mid-1980s, in large part due to its integral role as part of the European Union's Common Foreign and Securiy Policy (CFSP). This article argues that the lack of a clearly defined CFSP, contradictions within the Treaty on European Union, the lack of a clearly defined institutional identity "vis-a-vis" other security related organizations, and the lack of military capacity, will make the task of avoiding the 'second death' of the WEU an uphill struggle. Copyright 1996 BPL.


SUMMARY Tigerfish populations increased in the eastern basin of Lake Kariba following the successful invasion of the pelagic clupeid Limmothrissa miodon. Strong year-classes persisted for several years but the number of young tigerfish declined, a phenomenon which cannot be accounted for. The influence of these year classes on different fisheries was demonstrated. The mortality rate of the younger fish was related to the rate at which their numbers were changing with mortality rates being highest when numbers were declining most rapidly. Concern about the future of this fish was expressed because of increased fishing in its main breeding area.


Co‐stimulatory factors B7‐1 (CD80) and B7‐2 (CD86) and their ligands, including CD28, are important for the efficient presentation and persistence of an antigen‐specific immune reaction. Hitherto, there has been a paucity of data on the roles of such co‐stimulatory factors in immune‐mediated biliary diseases. In this investigation, the hepatic immunohistochemical expression of B7‐1 and B7‐2 has been studied, with emphasis on intrahepatic biliary epithelia, using wedge biopsies from 22 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), seven with primary sclerosing cholagitis (PSC), and, as controls, eight cases of extrahepatic biliary obstruction, eight of chronic viral hepatitis C, and three histologically normal livers. In 10/22 (45 per cent) patients with PBC and 3/7 (43 per cent) patients with PSC, B7‐2, but not B7‐1, was expressed on the epithelial cells of small intrahepatic bile ducts and bile ductules. This expression was manifest as diffuse but variable cytoplasmic staining. Such B7‐2‐positive bile ducts were not seen in controls. Positive staining was found only in the early stage of PBC and PSC. In PBC and PSC, almost all lymphocytes in the portal tracts, including those around the damaged bile ducts, were positive for CD28, a ligand of B7‐2. These results suggest that B7‐2 expression on biliary epithelial cells is involved in antigen presentation and perhaps in bile duct destruction in PSC and PBC. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The controller area network (CAN) is an example of a "one-wire" network that provides an attractive solution to a number of problems found in manufacturing operations in developing countries. It provides facilities for monitoring, control and communications in factories, processing plants and farms. The system can be implemented with low-cost microcontrollers employed at diverse locations to provide a suitable level of automation. The production of controller area networks in economically-challenged countries will be helped if the complexity and price of the hardware at the network nodes can be reduced.


A reliable, sensitive, non‐invasive alternative for transvenous endomyocardial biopsy in detecting cardiac allograft rejection is desirable for optimal management of heart transplant patients. To establish whether 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy can become a non‐invasive tool for detecting cardiac allograft rejection, the cardiac high‐energy phosphate metabolism of human heart transplants was serially examined in 13 patients by means of 31P MRS from post‐operative day 13 to day 294, and compared with histologic evaluation of endomyocardial biopsies. Biopsy scores of 2 or higher, according to the Working Formulation criteria of Billingham et al., were considered to indicate rejection. Logistic regression, which was corrected for differences between the individual patients and the time after transplantation, showed no significant correlation between the occurrence of histologically detected rejection and the PCr:ATP ratio. However, using an analysis of variance, the PCr:ATP ratios of non‐rejecting cases obtained within 50 days after transplantation (mean: 27 ± 11 days) appeared to be significantly different from those obtained after post‐operative day 50 [0.95 ± 0.17 (n = 25) vs 1.17 ± 0.17 (n = 32), mean ± SD; p < 0.01]. No significant difference was observed between the PCr:ATP ratios obtained 100 days after transplantation (mean: 162 ± 52 days) and the PCr:ATP ratios in the hearts of healthy volunteers [1.18 ± 0.18 (n = 19) and 1.23 ± 0.17 (n = 6), mean ± SD, respectively; p = 0.55]. The PCr:ATP ratio in transplanted human hearts is not a sensitive indicator for the detection of early acute human cardiac allograft rejection. This may be due to a temporarily altered high‐energy phosphate metabolism early after transplantation irrespective of rejection. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In the process of high-rise architecture structure desing,in order to prevent torsion of architecture,according to control of period ratio of high-rise architecture in Revised Provisions of Technical Specififcation for Concrete Structures of Tall Bulding(JGJ 3-2002),and combined with calculation process of practical engineering examples,this paper points out that the effective methods of high-rise architecture structure period ratio are to increase th thickness of end vertical latral loading capacity and to decrease the strength middle veritcal structure.


Aims and Objectives: The aim was to determine numerous causes of foreign body ingestion at a tertiary care centre of Central India. Background : Most commonly the foreign body ingestions happen in children between the ages of five months and four years of age. 10 to 15 percent will require endoscopic removal, and less than 1 percent requires surgical intervention. Coins are the most common foreign bodies ingested by children. Material and Methods : It was a retrospective analysis of 5000 endoscopic procedures done in six years i.e. 2011-17 at tertiary care centers of central India. Result : Out of five thousand endoscopies performed in six years, 25 patients were confirmed to have foreign bodies. The most common etiology was found to be coins, followed by buttonbatteries. All foreign bodies were successfully removed and there was no mortality or morbidity. Conclusion: Endoscopy is safe modality to treat foreign body in children.


Most machine learning algorithms involve solving a convex optimization problem. Traditional in-memory convex optimization solvers do not scale well with the increase in data. This paper identifies a generic convex problem for most machine learning algorithms and solves it using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). Finally such an ADMM problem transforms to an iterative system of linear equations, which can be easily solved at scale in a distributed fashion. We implement this framework in Apache Spark and compare it with the widely used Machine Learning LIBrary (MLLIB) in Apache Spark 1.3.


Antifungal susceptibility testing has become an important tool for physicians faced with making difficult treatment decisions regarding treatment of patients with fungal infections. The Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) has approved methods for testing of both yeast and moulds. Antifungal susceptibility testing of Candidahas been standardized and refined and now may play a useful role in managing Candidainfections. Important new developments include validation of 24-h reading times for all antifungal agents and the establishment of species-specific epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) for the systemically active antifungal agents and both common and uncommon species ofCandida. Standardization of in vitro susceptibility tests by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), and current availability of reference methods constituted the major remarkable steps in the field. We reviewed our antifungal susceptibility data for capsofungin, anidulafungin, voriconazole and posaconazole against Candida species and compared susceptibility patterns determined by the previous and recently revised CLSI antifungal breakpoints. With the new breakpoints, all C. albicans isolates and C.tropicalis were classified as susceptible to anidulafungin on MHA and while showed 63% and 66% of susceptibility on RPMI repectively according to revised CLSI M27 S4 breakpoints, whereas (36%) and (33%) of C. albicans and C.tropicalis isolates were found under susceptible dose dependent category on RPMI respectively. For capsofungin all, eleven (100%) C.albicans and three (100%) C.tropicalis were found to be susceptible on both the media and none of the tested isolates was categorized under resistance category. For posaconazole all eleven (100%) C.albicans were found to be susceptible on MHA media and none of the tested isolates was categorized under resistance category, although 54% were determined to show susceptibility and 45% showed resistance on RPMI to posaconazole. All the isolates that showed resistance to voriconazole were found to be susceptible to posaconazole. Among all four drugs activity were analysed by ANOVA: Single factor and students't' test Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances was found to that capsofungin >anadulafungin>posaconazole >voriconazole aganist all 14 Candida isolates. Results obtained by the E-test method shows a > 71% correlation with those obtained by the AFST-EUCAST method. The agar-based E-test has been proposed as a more sensitive technology to discriminate strains of Candida species the role of microdilution methods seems to be restricted to reference laboratories because they are laborious. In addition, the micro broth format is not commonly used in clinical laboratories Disk and strip diffusion methodologies are simple, rapid, cost-effective and produce similar results to the reference methods for yeasts.The studies included in this thesis have contributed significantly to the understanding of the interplay between the Candida virulence, epidemiology and susceptibility and the importance of appropriate diagnostics and treatment choice.


In this paper we study G-constructible groups which are finitely generated subgroups of Z[t]-completion GZ[t] of a given CSA-group G. Using Bass-Serre theory we prove that G-constructible groups can be obtained from subgroups of G by free constructions of a special type. As an application of this technique we compute cohomological and homological dimensions of fully residually free groups which can be viewed as G-constructible groups, where G is a free group.


The aim of this article is to present a methodology of determining of the individual values of the parameters of four-element equivalent circuits for insulation with through conductivity. Methodology. The proposed method consists in the fact that at a time interval of more than 10 s, when the charge indicator no longer contributes to the leakage current, three points t1, t2 and t3 are selected, such that t2 – t1 = t3 – t2. To be able to determine the absorption coefficient R60/R15, it is recommended to take t1 = 15 s, t2 = 37.5 s and t3 = 60 s. At the same time, by subtracting I(t2) – I(t1) and I(t3) – I(t2), the constant component of the absorption curve is excluded and it becomes possible to determine the individual values of the parameters of the generalized equivalent circuit of insulation, additionally using its conductivity in operator form. Results. As calculations show, the correct determination of the parameters of insulation equivalent circuit according to the proposed method is possible only with a certain ratio of these parameters. The charge time of the geometric capacitance Cg(R0+Rd), where R0 and Rd are the resistance that forms the charging exponent, and the resistance of the sensor, should be within 0.2 s <Cg(R0+Rd)<1 s, the time constant CaRa, where Ca and Ra are the capacitance and resistance of the absorption chain, should be more than 3 s, the product of CgRl, where Rl is the leakage resistance, more 0.5 s, the leakage resistance Rl is less than the absorption resistance Ra. Checking the methodology on a model example gives the values of the parameters of the insulation equivalent circuit that match the specified ones with high accuracy. Practical value. The use of individual values of the parameters of insulation equivalent circuits when applying absorption diagnostic methods with considering the time values and dimensional factors, allow to calculate all currently used diagnostic parameters, to determine the conditions of certain insulation types, as well as in more detail, in comparison with the existing approach, to assess the technical condition of the insulation and the reasons of its changes.


Pastoral systems, which are necessarily extensive, are traditionally characterised by low density of population. This forces shepherds to live in a scattered pattern of settlement (absence of urban areas) and to move around regularly. However, in these pastoral spaces, noticeable phenomena of concentration and grouping are occurring. The Peruvian Andean puna is no exception, and starting about twenty years ago, access to basic modern services and their provision has become available through the appearance of cores of population and weekly communal gatherings which transform mobility patterns and require pastoralists' settlement far from the home pastures. As a consequence, within these pastoral systems, in which itinerancy and housing dispersion constitute the basis of socio-spatial living, the issue arises of reconciling the tendency toward clustering with the practices of cattle breeding. These new forms of mobility and immobility transform the shepherds' territoriality. The cohesion of district and community is strengthened by this phenomenon, to the detriment of the traditional organization based on the agnatic line.


In present time, developments in reinforced polymer composites have acquired preferential attention for high performance and high precision applications like aerospace, marine and transportation. Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are being substituted because of their low density, higher strength, stiffness, impact resistance, and improved corrosion resistance. Further laminated composites exhibit superior in-plane mechanical properties that are mostly governed by the fibers. However, laminated FRP composites suffer from poor out of plane properties in some applications. These properties can further be improved by the addition of Nano fillers like carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene and so on. Curing cycle plays a very important role in drawing out the optimum property of glass fiber/epoxy (GE) composite. It is expected that the cure kinetics can further be altered by addition of CNT due to its higher aspect ratio. The main objective of this work is to study the effect of CNT addition on cure kinetics of GE composite as multi-segment adsorption of polymer takes place on the CNT surface. In this study effects of curing parameters on mechanical properties and glass transition temperature of CNT embedded glass fiber/epoxy composite (CNT-GE) has been evaluated. For this study control GE and CNT-GE (with 0.1 wt. %) laminates were fabricated using hand lay-up technique followed by hot compression. The curing parameters that were considered in the present investigation were temperature (80°C, 110°C, and 140°C) and time (0.5 hr, 3 hr and 6 hr). For different combination of above mentioned temperature and time, samples of GE and CNT-GE composites were post cured. Mechanical properties were determined by flexural testing using 3 point bending fixture on INSTRON-5967 and thermal properties i.e. glass transition temperature (Tg) determined by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) to evaluate the effects of curing parameters. For CNT-GE samples, No much variation observed in flexural modulus with increase in post curing temperature and time, but swift increment was observed in flexural strength at 140°C with increase in post cure time. Elevation in Tg observed with increase in temperature and time duration of post curing; highest Tg noted at 140°C-6hr. Optimum post curing parameters for CNT-GE composite observed to be 140°C-6hr.


Summary The virus of herpes simplex was passed serially 20 times in cultures of feline renal cells. Multiplication of the virus was demonstrated when infectivity titers were measured in mice and in tissue culture. The adapted virus induced cytopathogenic changes in cell cultures of feline kidney, primary human amnion, human kidney, and FL cells. Several conditions which appear to influence the type of cytopathogenic change in cell cultures are discussed.


Innovation in the residential and commercial LV distribution for the near future it is necessary to effectively implement the objectives of improvements of energy savings and renewable energy and further developments, such as DC distributions. Microsystem criteria in designing AC and DC power circuits consist in modeling their structure with components of smaller size, in grouping adequately the supplying loads, in adopting circuit with conductors in bunch, in loop or in rope designs. "Natural" parameters like steady and transient current density and load current moment density are introduced to support the configuration of circuits and the sizing of conductor cross-section area especially for DC circuits adopting nominal voltages lower than AC circuits.


According to the research of the Android smart phone system, the paper has given the file real-time monitoring technology based on system calls used in Android, and discusses this technology's basic principle and the key implementations in detail. Through the experimental test, it is proved that it can monitor the real-time operation of files.


As one of the most widely used languages in the world, English reading has the same value and meaning as native language reading. With the deepening of reform and opening up, the importance of nationals learning English is self-evident, and our children and young people are getting exposed to English earlier and later. As an important branch of cognitive science, cognitive linguistics has a strong comprehensive and systematic, integrating computer, philosophy, anthropology, linguistics and psychology, through multiple angles and various ways. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, this paper analyzes the current situation of college English reading teaching and its existing problems, and then explores the application of cognitive linguistics in college English reading teaching.


The present invention relates to the technical field of chemical building materials, in particular to a vinyl floor phosphogypsum substrate and its preparation method, phosphogypsum, phosphorus slag, lime, cement, magnesia brine mixture, mixed fibers, wood coatings ratio proper formulation, such phosphogypsum fully activated, enhanced the activity of phosphogypsum, and further decreases the phosphorus content of soluble impurities in gypsum to improve the performance of the solidification of phosphogypsum; in particular through the brine mixture is added magnesium oxide , such as sodium phosphate gypsum composition capable of forming intolerable fixed phosphogypsum crystals cavity such that sodium is not exposed on the surface of the phosphogypsum products to prevent the surface of the sodium brought pulverized product phosphogypsum phenomenon, thereby improving a phosphogypsum strength and quality of the product, enhance the performance of the product phosphogypsum.


The child's right to health has started to come into its own. In addition to being set out in a wide range of international and regional human rights instruments, the right is included in a growing number of national constitutions. This has resulted in it being the subject of ever-greater levels of judicial and quasi-judicial attention. However, the extent of the protection afforded to the child's right to health by such bodies has by no means been uniform. This raises the question of how the approaches of such bodies have differed - and why. The chapter considers the way in which the child's right to health has been interpreted and applied by a wide range of domestic courts and international judicial and quasi-judicial decision-making bodies. In doing so, the author identifies the role that has been, and may be, played by the courts in fleshing out the substantive content of the child's right to health. In particular, the author focuses on the courts' role in delineating the state's duty to fulfill the right to health of children. Rather than simply focusing on how the courts have construed the obligations imposed by the child's right to health, the author also identifies trends in the approaches adopted towards the child's right to health by such bodies. What perceptions of children as right-holders and members of democratic society underpin such approaches?


Using the panel data analysis method, this paper finds that FDI has improved the quality of our environment, but foreign trade has deteriorated it. Developed countries worsen our environment through foreign trade, the"Pollution Haven"hypothesis is confirmed. Through comparing the time series model with panel data model, the paper finds that the relationship between environmental pollution and GDP per capita for our country shows a"U"shape character, which is not consistent with the hypothesis of EKC, however the assay sample of panel data accorded with EKC hypothesis. These results are quite different from that of previous and the paper gives reasonable explanation and proposed corresponding policy advices.


The circuit and network analysis of some signal separation structures constituting a microwave six-port reflectometer are presented. An interconnection of five of these structures composing a six-port network analyzer is also presented. In order to validate the responses, a circuit analysis following the signals from source to detectors, is performed. The complete structure constituting the six-port network analyzer is composed by a 6 dB directional coupler, a four stage 3 dB Wilkinson power divider and three quadrature couplers providing 3 dB, which are formed by two 8.34 dB tandem couplers.


Polysaccharide is the main active substance of Ganoderma lucidum with several physiological functions. Determination of polysaccharide content in Ganoderma Lucidum is useful for quality control and anti-counterfeit of the related products. Analysis methods for determination of the content, composition, molecular weight and structure of polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum were reviewed in this paper.


The present study aims to assess 222Rn concentration and its radiological hazard for agricultural soil samples collected from Wadi Al-Hussini and Tuban as agricultural areas. Forty agricultural soil samples were collected from Lahj Governorate, Yemen. AlphaGUARD was used to measure radon concentration, and radon exhalation rates and annual effective dose in the agricultural soil samples were calculated. The average 222Rn activity concentration, area radon exhalation rate, mass radon exhalation rate and annual effective dose outdoor are as follows: 5170 ± 1740 Bq m−3, (12.4 ± 4.18)×10−4 Bq m−2s−1, (20.3 ± 6.82)×10−6 Bq kg−1s−1 and 49.13 mSv y−1 for Wadi Al-Hussini, 7263±2061 Bq m−3, (17.4±4.95) × 10−4 Bq m−2s−1, (28.5±8.08)×10−6 Bq kg−1s−1 and 69.03 mSv y−1 for Wadi Tuban. The average value of 222Rn concentration in agricultural soil gas in Wadi Al-Hussini and Tuban is much higher than the value of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which the recommended reference 100 Bq m−3.


The variations of the mold compression strength were studied by varing the contents of the silicon powder and water glass, silion purities, and molecule rates of the water glass, when domestic JA EUN DO sand is mixed with water glass (sodium silicate) and metallic silicon or ferro - silicon powder by the self - hardening N - PROCESS method. The results obtained from this experiment are as follows; 1) The compression strength of the mold used with metalic powder was higher and more stable than to be used ferro - silicon powder. 2) 6% water glass of 2.8 molecule rate and 1.5% of ferro - silicon of 75% purity for the N - PROCESS used with JA EUN DO sand was suitable mixing rate. 3) The compression strength increased with self - hardening time, and the PH values of the mixture of silicon powder and water glass did not change after 2 hours, but the compression strength increased steadily due to the reaction of remained silicon. 4) It is recommended to take 24 hours for self - hardening time at least.


Case series summary Exogenous lipid pneumonia with mineralisation of the lung parenchyma was diagnosed in three cats with radiographs, CT and/or bronchoalveolar lavage cytological findings. All three cats had a common clinical history of chronic constipation and long-term forced oral administration of mineral oil. All three cases showed radiographic findings compatible with aspiration pneumonia, with an alveolar pattern in the ventral part of the middle and/or cranial lung lobes. Minor improvement of the radiographic lung pattern in the follow-up studies was seen in two cats, and a miliary 'sponge-like' mineralised pattern appeared in the previously affected lung lobes months to years after the diagnosis. In one cat, patchy fat-attenuating areas in the consolidated lung lobes were present on thoracic CT. Cases 1 and 2 showed respiratory signs at the initial presentation, while in case 3 the radiographic findings were incidental and the cat had never exhibited respiratory signs. Relevance and novel information This is the first report to describe dystrophic mineralisation of the lung in exogenous lipid pneumonia and also the first to describe the CT features in cats. Exogenous lipid pneumonia should be included in the differential diagnosis in cases of miliary 'sponge-like' mineral opacities in the dependent part of the lung lobes on thoracic radiographs or CT in cats, especially in cases of chronic constipation, previously exposed to mineral oil.


In this paper an attempt of designing the direct self- learning/evolving fuzzy controller is presented. The controller is comprised of several local-controllers each valid in a certain part of input-output space. The input-output space is partitioned by on-line clustering and evolving mechanisms taken from eFuMo method. The controller gains are adapted using the fuzzy model reference adaptive control approach. The controller was tested on a heat exchanger simulation model, linear model and pH process model.


The publication of this special issue of African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal coincides with the 62nd anniversary of the founding of Présence Africaine a quarterly cultural, political and literary revue by Alliopnip Diop and Aimé Césaire. As Paul Gilroy has aptly suggested, the formation of the journal was 'an important movement in the developing awareness of the African Diaspora as a transnational and intercultural multiplicity . . . to synchronize the activities of Africanists and Africans with blacks from the western hemisphere in a new and potent anti-imperialist configuration' (1993, p. 195). Indeed, the publication of Présence Africaine was an expression of the African and Black Diaspora intellectual movement that resulted in a series of important congresses held in various European cities between 1900 and 1956 to recenter Africa in the collective imagination of its diaspora and galvanizes political support against colonial rule. Présence Africaine like many other publications established in the metropolis activated the existing social and intellectual networks among African and Black Diaspora intellectuals, artists, musicians, cultural workers and immigrants that began to gather momentum since the first Pan African Congress held in London in 1900. In his book published in the early 1993, Paul Gilroy (1993, p. 16) noted that,


The U.S. Air Force (USAF) proposes to launch six Milstar Satellites from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Florida, using a Titan IV launch vehicle with a Centaur upper stage (Titan IV/Centaur). The primary mission of Milstar is to provide the next generation of Military Satellite Communication (MILSATCOM) systems to complement Navy's Fleet Satellite Communication System, Air Force's Satellite Communication System, and Defense Satellite Communications System. Milstar is the first MILSATCOM designed, form its inception, for joint-service use, primarily using extremely high frequency (EHF) waveform. Milstar is required to provide integrated defense communication controlled from a small, continental United Statesbased force structure.


Adhesive capsulitis, or "Frozen Shoulder" is generally a self-limited process that improves with time and conservative treatment. Non-theless, it can be a perplexing problem leaving patients frustrated by loss of function and the length of time necessary for recovery. The onset of frozen shoulder is often marked by an awareness of pain associated with decreased shoulder motion. This may be characterized by inability to reach behind the back, for example, when fastening a garment or when reaching into a back trouser pocket. Pain is sharp at the extremes of arm motion and sleep is almost always interrupted by pain. The surrounding muscle groups of the neck and shoulder blade frequently become overworked, stiff and tender.


The present invention provides a modified naphthalene formaldehyde resin obtained by the screen cyanate, cyanate ester compound material for forming a lower layer film for lithography comprising a.


Abstract : A communication network is composed of communication links and processing nodes. The effective design of a survivable communication network requires a means of determining the structural connectivity of the network both as a whole and with respect to individual resources: links and nodes. In this thesis we represent the connectivity evaluation from two perspectives. The first pertains to considerations applicable to the design schema of the network, and the second deals with an improvement of connectivity in an existing network. We then present and analyze a practical synthetic approach to a communications network's survivability profile by using the example of SACS ( the Saudi Arabian Communication System). Finally, we evaluate the difference between the theoretical and practical approaches to survivability.


An experimental elk herd of 25 animals was released into the Chequamegon National Forest near Clam Lake, Wisconsin in 1995. This herd thrived and increased to nearly 100 animals within 10 years. The project's experimental phase ended and responsibility for the herd transferred from the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. In June 2000, the Wisconsin Natural Resources Board approved a management plan for the Clam Lake elk herd. This plan established core and buffer areas, described habitat and population management techniques, and set population objectives. The success of the Clam Lake introduction and the attractiveness of elk has spurred several other localities around Wisconsin to voice an interest in establishing local elk herds. When adopting the Clam Lake management plan, the Natural Resources Board set forth guidelines for further reintroduction efforts. These guidelines require, among other things, the evaluation of the biological and ecological suitability of other areas for elk and indicate that factors such as the quality and quantity of available habitat, the amount and proximity of agriculture, and public attitudes regarding elk should be included. Geographic information systems (GIS) have been valuable tools for the analysis of habitat suitability. Most past efforts, however, have considered the biological aspects of suitability, with little effort focused on social information or on identifying potential conflicts with other resources or land uses. In addition, past efforts to model habitat have covered either a very large area (e.g., a state or larger) or a more specific area (e.g., a county or other smaller area). We developed a GIS-based habitat suitability model using ArcInfo® (ESRI, Redlands, CA) for the state of Wisconsin. Data inputs to the model included both biological elements (mostly land cover information derived from satellite imagery) and social elements (agriculture, road density, and land ownership). The intent of this model was to conduct a statewide evaluation of areas potentially suitable for elk reintroduction. (continued on next page) D N R A RC H IV E


The Chinese and Western languages,which develop and mature in the ir respective laboring and life,necessarily reflect their territory appearance,history characteristics,customs and habits,mode of thinking and so on,namely,existing a certain difference.The Chinese-to-English translation is not onl y a language conversion process,but also a culture conversion process.So the Chi nese-to-English translation also necessarily embodies the diversity of the t wo languages,and reflects the differences of them.


A class of stochastic fractional diffusion equations with polynomials is considered in this article. This equation is used in numerous applications, such as ecology, bioengineering, biology, and mechanical and chemical engineering. As a result, it is critical to obtain exact solutions to this equation. To obtain these solutions, the tanh-coth method is utilized. Furthermore, we clarify the impact of noise on solution stabilization by simulating our solutions.


Female reproductives of two closely related species of obligate plant-ants of the genus Crematogaster (Decacrema) were found to be parasitized by a scuttle fly. Its larvae were found in the gaster of its ant host. Non-mated females were parasitized when they were still inside the nest within the interior of their Macaranga host-plants. In contrast, no parasitoids could be bred from mated foundresses, pupae of female reproductives, males, or workers. The scuttle fly parasitoid was observed in twelve of the 31 colonies (in 39%) examined of C. morphospecies 2, with an average of 5% of the virgin queens being infested. Additionally, in one of six examined colonies of the closely related C. morphospecies 1 alate females were found to be parasitized. In other species from the SE-Asian Crematogaster (Decacrema) complex that are also associated with Macaranga host plants the parasitoid was not found. The scuttle fly is described by RHLD and assigned to the genus Trucidophora, whose recognition is clarified, and named T. feldhaarae Disney sp. n.


The bifurcations of breaking kink wave for generalized Vakhnenko equation are investigated by using the dynamical system theory.Underβ = 3,the implicit expressions of breaking kink wave are given.The planar graphs of breaking kink waves are simulated by using software Mathematica,the plane structures of breaking kink wave are clearly showed.


ABSTRACT This article describes the design of a social studies unit about the Johnstown Flood of 1889 with a particular emphasis on how specific unit resources engaged middle school students in learning about the geographical and historical context of Johnstown, Pennsylvania. We also report on how the resources supported the teaching and learning of the historical thinking practice of contextualizing.


THE purpose of this study was to deturmine the relative social and economic status of the families and children being served by the voluntary leisure-time agencies2 operating in the Basin,3 a deteriorated area of Cincinnati, as compared with the general population of this area. In December, 1949, these agencies supplied data giving names and addresses of parents and other identifying information for 5,675 boys and girls representing 4,371 families, a large part of the constituency of these agencies in this area. These agency youngsters constituted about 20 per cent of the entire Basin population five to nineteen years of age. Very few of the agency youth were over seventeen years of age.


within community care. These studies have identified the cultural anthropological dimension of uncertainty avoidance (UA) as being particularly relevant in explaining why doctors in some European countries have a greater propensity to prescribe antibiotics for predominantly viral conditions, such as colds, flu, and sore throat, in the face of clear scientific evidence. UA is described in the Geert Hofstede model of cultural dimension as a construct estimating the extent to which a society tolerates uncertainty and ambiguity. Such cultures often try to counteract the unease created by situations of uncertainty through the adoption of dogmatic and excessive measure, even when there is no evidence of cost-effectiveness or risk attenuation. There is no evidence to support postoperative prophylaxis.


Objective To understand the composition of dead AIDS patients,and improve the prevention and treatment of AIDS.Methods The clinical data of 92 dead AIDS patients were analyzed.Results Most of patients did not receive the efficient antiretroviral therapy(HAART).Opportunistic infection occurred to 88.1%(81/92)of the patients.The death causes of patients received HAART were not related to AIDS,drug side-effect and infection.The percentage of deaths cause of opportunistic infection was 94.2%(81/86) in the patients not received HAART.When the CD4+T lymphocytes was ≥200/μl,the pathogenic bacterias leading to death in HIV-infection patients were similar to the patients without HIV-infection.When the CD4+T lymphocytes was 100/μl,the primary dead causes were PSM,tuberculosis,PCP,septic shock,cryptococcal meningitis and so on.When the CD4+T lymphocytes was50/μl,the percentage of the death cause of PSM was 33.3%(16/48).Conclusion The primary cause of death was opportunistic infection in the HIV-infected patients.The causes of death with different levels of CD4+T lymphocytes,different regional and whether received HAART were different.The appropriate and timely HAART could reduce the death rate of the patients.


Clinical Practice Guidelines, recommendations are the ideal support for Support Systems. The intricacies of a guideline related with the establishment of a careflow w order between procedures and the modelling One of such decision points is the choice b tasks based on trigger conditions regarding a may be the case that, when there is the need to alternative tasks, the system does not posses information to do so, thus rendering impossib come. Speculative Computation and Abductio efficiency of this process by allowing the syst computation of a solution, even while it is wai from the information sources. This work prov Speculative Computation framework able to c of clinical careflows. The methods developed h to support practitioners and to improve patien by providing maps of the most likely evolution when the information is incomplete.


A short actively mode‐locked XeCl oscillator has produced 120‐ps duration pulses for the first time. The pulses have an energy of 15 μJ and a modulation depth of >95%. The evolution of the pulsewidth during the mode‐locked pulse train was also measured.


In this study, price-controlled energy management problem of the end users are investigated in the generation scheduling and unit commitment problems of a generation company (GENCO) to minimize its overall cost. Herein, the reaction of end users with respect to the energy management schemes is modeled considering different mathematical behavioral models for the end users. It is shown that price-controlled energy management of end users has a considerable potential for minimizing the operation cost of a GENCO. In addition, it is proven that just an optimal scheme of energy management is able to result in the minimum value of operation cost for the GENCO.


The 'Single Wheel Hover-board' is a personal electric vehicle running on a single wheel. The vehicle is powered by a battery source. The motor (DC 24V, 250W, High Torque) is in skew with the shaft of the wheel with the help of a chain drive, whose speed will be controlled by a custom-designed 'Speed control' circuit, capable for currents about 50A. The control of the motor direction is the posture of the persons driving it. Intelligent sensors like IMU, which houses accelerometer and gyroscope is used to monitor the posture of the person, and accordingly the processor signals the speed controller circuit. Additional features for the Hover-board includes the regenerative braking, inbuilt battery charging capability, battery level indicator.


Background No gold-standard diagnostic test for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) exists. The diagnosis relies on different patterns of symptom involvement which can mimic other arthritides such as hand osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed to investigate if ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-Ray applied to the distal interphalangeal (DIP)-joint and synovio-entheseal complex (SEC) can be used to discriminate between patients with PsA, skin psoriasis (PsO) and OA. Methods from PsO patients, it is of signi�cance if they present with X-ray enthesitis and a high degree of US erosions and NBF or MRI synovitis-, tenosynovitis-, erosion score or bone marrow oedema.


Objective To investigate if the mechanism of high glucose and losartan in mediating the expression of Smad in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) and the possible management of HPMC. Methods Peritoneum was obtained from patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. HPMCs were incubated in medium containing different concentrations of dextrose, mannitol (1. 5%, 2. 5% , 4. 25% ) and combination with dextrose and losartan. TGF-β1 in supernatant was detected by ELISA and HPMCs were collected to examine Smad family expression with RT-PCR and Western Blot. Results (1) High glucose up-regulated the expression of Smad 2 at both gene and protein levels, especially in 2. 5% and 4. 25% dextrose groups (P 0. 05). It also slightly elevated the expression of Smad 4 in 4. 25% dextrose group. However, the expression of Smad 3 was not affected. (2)High osmolarity was not involved in TGF-β1-Smad signaling pathway. (3)Losartan inhibited the expression of Smad 2 on gene level but not on protein level. (4) High glucose up-regulated the levels of TGF-β1 in a dose- dependent manner which was markedly inhibited by losartan. Conclusions High glucose can up-regulate the expression of TGF-β1, Smad 2 and Smad 4, which may be involved in the mechanism of peritoneal fibrosis. Losartan can decrease the concentration of TGF-β1 and expression of Smad 2 on gene level, which may be beneficial to the prevention and treatment of peritoneal fibrosis in long-term peritoneal dialysis patients.


© 2 0 11 T H E A U T H O R S 5 1 2 B J U I N T E R N A T I O N A L © 2 0 11 B J U I N T E R N A T I O N A L statement: guidelines for PSA following radiation therapy: American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus Panel. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 37 : 1035–41 5 Roach M III, Hanks G, Thames H Jr et al . Defining biochemical failure following radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer: recommendations of the RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix Consensus Conference. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006; 65 : 965–74 6 Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Filén F et al . Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer: the Scandinavian prostate cancer group-4 randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008; 100 : 1144–54 7 Alibhai SM, Naglie G, Nam R, Trachtenberg J, Krahn MD. Do older men benefit from curative therapy of localized prostate cancer? J Clin Oncol 2003; 21 : 3318–27 8 Prepelica KL, Okeke Z, Murphy A, Katz AE. Cryosurgical ablation of the prostate: high risk patient outcomes. Cancer 2005; 103 : 1625–30 9 Long JP, Bahn D, Lee F, Shinohara K, Chinn DO, Macaluso JN Jr. Five-year retrospective, multi-institutional pooled analysis of cancer-related outcomes after cryosurgical ablation of the prostate. Urology 2001; 57 : 518–23 10 Bahn DK, Lee F, Badalament R, Kumar A, Greski J, Chernick M. Targeted cryoablation of the prostate: 7-year outcomes in the primary treatment of prostate cancer. Urology 2002; 60 : (2 Suppl. 1): 3–11 11 Donnelly BJ, Saliken JC, Ernst DSJW et al . Prospective trial of cryosurgical ablation of the prostate: five-year results. Urology 2002; 60 : 645–9 12 Jones JS, Pisters LL, Levy DA. Primary Cryoablation nadir prostate-specific antigen and biochemical failure. J Urol 2009; 182 : 931–7 13 Alivizatos G, Skolarikos A. Incontinence and erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy: a review. ScientificWorldJournal 2005; 5 : 747–58


At the conjunction of interdisciplinary fields, we often struggle to express ourselves when we encounter society. As scientists, usually we can find the exact words to explain what we are doing and what field we are working in. However, working in mixing and separation opens up questions such as 'Will you not become confused or entangled with two such contrasting topics?' presented with a smile. Yes, we have to handle these two seemingly opposing issues since we are always trying to find what is beneath the surface. And the longer we spend in this field, the more beautiful connections we find. In his plenary presentation at MicroTAS 2008, San Diego, when arguing that engineering is an art [1], Ottino showed us many beautiful pictures relating to mixing. Since I was working on soft inertial separation, I asked myself if separation was also an art? What were the connections between mixing and separation? According to my observations, there are quite a few. Firstly, microfluidic mixing is categorized as being either active or passive, as is microfluidic separation, see figure 1. In microfluidic mixing, nearly all types of external actuation mechanisms, such as acoustic, electrical, piezoelectric, magnetic, thermal, and so on, can be used to disturb the flow and hence enhance the mixing. And in microfluidic particle separation, the same rule applies. Any actuation mechanism can be used as an external switch to deflect the selected particles for separation. Z Wu


. 1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4-diones are the most studied group of diazepine, which act as inhibitors of HIV-1 capsid assembly and reverse transcriptase. The benzodiazepine-2,4-dinone derivatives were prepared from β-amino carbonyl compounds by greener method using metal catalyst loaded on MMT K-10. The starting materials β-amino carbonyls were synthesized by multicomponent Mannich reaction at room temperature using 20 mol percentage of NH4Cl. Metal supported Montmorillonite K10-catalyzed reactions of various substituted β-amino carbonyls with OPDAs afforded 1,5-bezodiazapine-2,4-diones. Among the synthesized catalysts, the 10% Zn-K10 exhibited high conversion up to 90% and high selectivity up to 100% towards 1,5bezodiazapine-2,4-diones