The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of theophylline on bronchial hyper-responsiveness evaluated with exercise and methacholine challenge. Sixteen children with asthma were studied on 6 different days. On the first 2 days, baseline methacholine bronchoprovocation and exercise tests were performed. The children were randomly given a supply of active or placebo Theo-dur medication for 2 weeks in two divided doses of 16 to 24 mg/kg/day at 8 am and 8 pm. A second methacholine challenge was performed again after 10 days of treatment at 8 am, and the following day at the same time an exercise test was performed. A third methacholine challenge was performed on the 13th day of treatment at 12 noon, and the following day at the same time a third exercise test was performed. In the active treated group, PC20 FEV1 was significantly increased over baseline value both when the test was performed at 8 am (14.32 ± 10.16 mg/ml) (p < 0.002) and when the challenge was performed at 12 noon (17.31 ± 9.21 mg/ml)...


We present the CTEQ6HQ parton distribution set which is determined in the general variable flavor number scheme which incorporates heavy flavor mass effects; hence, this set provides advantages for precision observables which are sensitive to charm and bottom quark masses. We describe the analysis procedure, examine the predominant features of the new distributions, and compare with previous distributions. We also examine the uncertainties of the strange quark distribution and how the the recent NuTeV dimuon data constrains this quantity.


This paper presents a thermal circuit model for analysis of transient temperature rise of duct-laid single cable and its application in practical analysis. The sample data was obtained by general computation software. The parameters of the model was extracted through these sample data based on genetic algorithm. The sample data of the general computation software were employed to verify the validity of the model. The maximum error of temperature rise was observed to be less than 3K. Both the model structure and the parameter extraction method were confirmed to be effective and reliable through the verification test. Application of test data for model parameter extraction may avoid the influence of complicated environment conditions on accuracy of numerical simulation and improve the adaptability of the model in practical application. In addition, the study showed that flexible adjustment of the model may meet the requirements for analysis of transient temperature rise at various parts of the cable while maintaining the convenience and accuracy of the model.


The bird-plant interactions are an important environmental service for their role in maintenance, regeneration, pollination and pest control in forests or remnants, both of which are in decline as a result of the impacts of activities anthropogenic. The purpose of the study was to identify the bird - plant interactions present in an area of dry forest and develop a conceptual model to reflect the potential impacts that appear from the disruption of these interactions. The study was conducted at The Chilco of National University of Loja, located in the canton Zapotillo belonging to the province of Loja, were delimited five plots of 50 m2, where are identified the flora and avifauna observed. Were registered 23 families of birds (45 species), highlighting families are: Polioptilidae, Trochilidae, Tyrannidae, Dendrocolaptidae, Psittacidae y Thraupidae. Regarding flora, were found 17 families (27 species) protruding: Bignoniaceae, Fabaceae, Combretaceae, Nyctaginaceae and Erythroxylaceae. The types of interactions recognized were: foraging (insectivorous birds that predominate in abundance and richness), seed dispersal and pollination. With the data obtained and literature review, was developed the conceptual model of the potential impacts that may occur by the alteration of the interactions and their possible effects. The whole of the bird-plant interactions in the forest, guarantee that it will conserve and maintain good health. Also with the development of the conceptual map will allow describe a simplified approach of the structure and behavior of the ecosystem.


Many young Nigerian women's main reason for migrating to Europe lies in the desire to support their families back home in Nigeria. For those who travel to Europe overland it means being on the road for months or even several years. In this transitional stage, new relationships – often highly provisional – develop, and many migrants get pregnant. Although their (unborn) children are often not the result of relationships based on mutual consent nor planned, they nonetheless may play a crucial role in being able to continue the journey: These days they represent a kind of protection and 'papers' and, thereby, reduce the risk for their mothers of being deported. Being mostly single mothers, soon after reaching Europe the young women take on the role of double breadwinners: On the one hand, they have to provide for their children who were born on the road or in the country of destination, on the other hand, they have to support their families in Nigeria. In analysing these new forms of family relationships that span from the country of origin to the transit country and the (provisional) destination country, the author also contributes to research on the dynamics of family structures in the context of migration.


[Objective] To study the effect of homocysteine on stimulus-induced superoxide generation and the phosphorylation of P47phox in huamn neutrophils in vitro. [Methods] The stimulus-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils was determined using the method of the reduction of cytochrome C. The phosphorylation of P47phox of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils was detected by Western blotting. [Results] Hcy increased the superoxide generation induced by fMLP in a concentration-dependent manner. Hcy had no obvious effect on the superoxide generation induced by PMA and AA. fMLP-induced superoxide generation was strongly suppressed by an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, genistein, but was only slightly inhibited by an inhibitor of protein kinase C, staurosporine. In parallel to the effect on the fMLP-induced superoxide generation, Hcy increased fMLP-induced phosphorylation of P47phox in a concentration-dependent manner. [Conclusion] Hcy increases the superoxide generation via the activation of membrane receptor-tyrosine kinase pathway and the translocation of P47phox to cell membrane.


This paper begins in the year 1569, when a hefty commentary on the Lives of Cornelius Nepos was published in Paris by one of the Royal Professors, Denys Lambin (known to classicists as Lambinus). The event intrigued me for two reasons. Firstly because, in France at that time, history was not a proper subject for professors. A professor could deal in Greek and Latin poetry, in oratory, philosophy, maths or Hebrew, or of course in the degree subjects theology, medicine and law; but history, including ancient history, was mostly a popular interest among the cultured ruling class, who preferred to read it in elegant vernacular versions, like Amyot's Diodorus and Plutarch, not in the dusty didactic form of text and commentary. So why did a professor, famous for his work on poetry and philosophy, suddenly devote himself to Nepos? The second puzzle was that, within weeks of publishing this commentary, Lambinus was violently attacked for it, and came close to losing both his job and his life. How, I wondered, could commenting on Nepos so seriously endanger the health?


The relevance of specifying the correlation between the concepts of virtual, information, digital, media, cyber, Internet and online socialization is substantiated. We analyze the latest scientific research with various author's concepts regarding human socialization on the Internet. Based on the various approaches of this phenomenon, three main types of definitions can be traced: as a smooth entry of an individual into the system of social relations on the Internet, as a person's spiritual development within the framework of being on the network, or as a process of assimilation of cultural norms through the Internet. In the analyzed approaches, socialization on the Internet is considered either partially (virtual approach), or as part of another type of socialization (media-, cyber-, information, digital), so we analyze the content of concepts and present characteristics of Internet socialization and conclude its place in relation to the considered concepts.


Assume AD+V=L(R). In the first chapter, let W^1_1 denote the club measure on \omega_1. We analyze the embedding j_{W^1_1}\restr HOD from the point of view of inner model theory. We use our analysis to answer a question of Jackson-Ketchersid about codes for ordinals less than \omega_\omega. In the second chapter, we provide an indiscernibles analysis for models of the form L[T_n,x]. We use our analysis to provide new proofs of the strong partition property on \delta^1_{2n+1}


—MusiCuddle is a system to calm the symptoms of patients with mental instability who repeat stereotypical utterances. The system presents a short musical phrase whose first note is the same as the fundamental pitch (F0) of a patient's utterances. We performed a case study to investigate how a patient's behaviors changed with MusiCuddle. The results suggested that the phrases presented by MusiCuddle may provide patients with an opportunity to stop repeating stereotypical utterances. Then, we added a vocoder function to MusiCuddle so that patients would be able to attend to the music more. We examined whether the mood of university students changed or not according to music presented with the vocoder function. We found significant differences between major harmonies and minor harmonies for the "cheerful" and "negative" moods. Namely, when a person's voice is combined with cheerful sounds, he/she can become cheerful. However, when we conducted a case study to expect a patient's repetitive utterances changed or stoped by the sound from the MusiCuddle with the vocoder, the participant's utterances did not change. We discussed reasons of the result from an aspect of characteristic of a patient according to a cause disease of dementia.


The new developed train(HEMU-430X) faces running at high speed over 400km/h. But The Korea railway design code gives guidelines below 350km/h speed. Honam HighSpeed Railway was also designed based on the design standard below 350km/h. Existing infra structures have to be reviewed at high speed running and the design guideline for the speed over 350km/h should be prepared as soon as possible. This paper presents (1) the simulation results of composite steel girder bridge(Kaya Bridge of Seoul-Pusan HighSpeed Railway), (2) values measured at this bridge and the comparison with simulation results, and (3) the prediction of Yonjung bridge being constructed in Honam HighSpeed Railway.


In the 21st Century,great changes have taken place in the internal and external environment for physical education,which makes reform increasingly necessary.This paper analyzes the problems in the current physical education and aims to promote the development of physical education in practice.


The method of Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy was used to record spectra of the band and a panoramic spectrum including O, , and S bands of atmospheric nitrogen with a resolution of 0.1 cm ?1 at 293 K under normal pressure. Ways of utilizing this method for remote diagnostics of the atmosphere are considered.


The initial stages in the oxidation of Nb have been studied by the uv‐photoemission technique for photon energies below 12 eV. Changes of structure in the electron distribution curves for different oxygen exposures and temperatures are correlated with formation of different types of Nb oxides. Electronic structure changes due to formation of at least three different oxides or mixtures of oxide have been observed. NbO2 and the NbO oxides seem to form first as a thin protective layer. The pentoxide, Nb2O5, is obtained after heavy oxidation. Practical implications of the formation of NbO in the interface between Nb2O5 and Nb metal are discussed.


'Niitaka' pear fruits were collected from some chief producing districts from 2004 to 2005 to establish the distributing status of fruit weight and Brix degree. Fruit weight seemed to be susceptible to environmental conditions as well as cultural practices, because it showed various results in distributing status according to harvesting season. On the other hand, flesh firmness seemed to be less affected by outer conditions, because it showed higher frequency in 11.0 to 13.0 degree regardless of harvesting season. Additionally, certain trials were conducted to evaluate Brix degree and flesh firmness through observing outer fruit features. Fruit size, weight, length, diameter, and volume had positive correlation with Brix degree. Stalk cavity shape (SCS) improved their reliance and had its own relationship with Brix degree. Analyzing fruit skin color with Hunter value or Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) value, 'a' in Hunter value and 'R' in RGB value performed higher reliance with Brix degree (r = 0.412 ** and 0.426 ** ). Considering those factors with SCS made their reliance higher (r = 0.531 ** and 0.564 ** ). However, those factors like outer fruit features and fruit skin color by Hunter or RGB value failed to show the reliable relationship with flesh firmness. Introducing SCS also failed to improve their significance.


In the work the experimental research of features of dynamics of a complex biochemical parameters of erythrocytes on laboratory animals with a modelled acute hypoxic hypoxia after application of preparation from biomass of ginseng is conducted. Experiments were carried out on rats with acute hypoxic hypoxia which was modelled in a pressure chamber. The statistical analysis of changes of biochemical parameters testifies about rather expressed antihypoxic effect of a preparation from biomass of ginseng.


The surgical treatment of peptic ulcer remains a perennial subject for discussion and disagreement. The authors outline their thoughts on the matter.


The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different artificial soccer turf pitches on the ground reaction forces of running soccer players. For this purpose ground reaction forces were determined for twenty soccer players while they ran at three different speeds across a 25 meter long track covered with a third generation artificial soccer turf. Three different pitches, two FIFA 1star and one FIFA 2star, were examined. There was no difference between the two 1star systems in the peak vertical and horizontal ground reactions forces. Data on the 2star system was equivocal due to a too small sample size. It is concluded that surface characteristics influence the loading of the human muscle- skeletal system more subtly than initially anticipated. A more detailed biomechanical analysis of the events during impact is required to identify the critical loading parameters. INTRODUCTION: The state of the art in soccer playing surfaces is the third generation artificial turf pitch. These systems combine fiber and infill technologies to mimic the properties of natural pitches. FIFA distinguishes between general purpose pitches (1star) and pitches for professional soccer (2star), based on a set of standardized tests. These tests, aimed at optimal playing characteristics, determine deformation, shock absorption, energy reduction, torsion and ball behavior, where data on natural turf serves as a reference. Although standardized material tests are an excellent means for maintaining a constant product quality, it is doubtful whether they will aid the development of load reducing soccer pitches. Static tests are not representative of the dynamic interaction between player and surface during a game. Moreover, they do not predict the loading experienced by humans (Nigg and Yeadon, 1987). A major focus for new developments in fiber and infill technologies should be the reduction of injuries. Soccer injuries are a serious problem. In the Netherlands, for example, 13% of all sports injuries are soccer related, a major part (25 %) of which is associated with overloading and sprains (Vriend, Schoots, Inklaar and Backx 2005). To understand the influence of a soccer surface on human loading requires a biomechanical analysis of the actual human- surface interaction. Previous studies on athletic tracks have shown that such an approach has great potential (i.e. McMahon and Greene 1979). The aim of this study was to test the effects of different surfaces on the load experienced by the human muscle-skeletal system. For this purpose, ground reaction forces were recorded while soccer players ran over three different artificial turf pitches, two FIFA 1star pitches with different elastomeric infill material and one FIFA 2star pitch. Running was studied, because it is the main soccer activity (Reilly 1990). METHOD: Data Collection: A 25 meter single lane running surface was constructed of plywood boards, screwed on wooden blocks that provided a stiff support. A force platform (Kistler 9281A, Kistler Instrumente AG) was located in the middle of the track, such that the approach was approximately 12.5 meters long. The entire track was covered with a third generation artificial turf system that was identical to experimental pitch A. The approach runway was not altered during the experiments. This choice was motivated by the fact that found that human runners instantaneously adjust to changes in surface stiffness (Ferris,


The present paper examines the dynamic properties of discrete‐time, multi‐sector growth models in the presence of sector‐specific externalities. It extends the literature by allowing for multiple capital good sectors with general social constant returns production technologies. We establish conditions for the steady‐state equilibrium to be locally determinate or locally indeterminate, depending crucially on the ratios of the social to private marginal products and the number of capital good sectors. We show that when the ratios of the social to private marginal products are uniform across all sectors, the steady state is always locally determinate in a two‐sector model, although local indeterminacy might still arise when the economy features more than two sectors.


Taking advantage of the advances in array detector technology, an imaging polarimeter (IMPOL) has been constructed for measuring linear polarization in the wavelength band from 400-800 nm. It makes use of a Wollaston prism as the analyzer to measure simultaneously the two orthogonal polarization components that define a Stoke's parameter. An achromatic half-wave plate is used to rotate the plane of polarization with respect to the axis of the analyzer so that the second Stoke's parameter also can be determined. With a field of view corresponding to about 30×30 mm 2 for a O20D 1.2 m, f/13 telescope, a sensitive, liquid-N 2 cooled CCD camera as the detector and a built-in acquisition and guidance unit, the instrument can be used for studying stellar fields or extended objects with an angular resolution of ~2''. The instrumental polarization is less than 0.05% and the accuracies of measurement are primarily limited by photon noise for typical observations.


Relay selection strategies help to improve spectral and energy efficiencies, to enhance transmission robustness, or to reduce latency in cooperative networks. A novel relay selection strategy, which maximizes the overall achievable sum rate, is proposed and analyzed for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) amplify-and-forward two-way relay networks with spatial multiplexing. Interestingly, this strategy amounts to maximizing the minimum of the determinant of the Wishart matrices from the relays to the two user nodes. The performance of this strategy is investigated by deriving the average sum rate approximations in closed-form. Our analysis and numerical results reveal that the proposed relay selection scheme provides substantial sum rate improvements.


Forest plantation, either through afforestation or reforestation, has been suggested to reverse and mitigate the process of deforestation. However, uncertainties remain in the potential of plantation forest (PF) to sequestrate carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compared to natural forest (NF). Soil C and N stocks require a critical and updated look at what is happening especially in the context of increasing rate of land use change and climate change. The current study was conducted in China's Eastern forest to estimate soil C and N stocks in six depth layers (0–10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80 and 80–100 cm) and two forest types (NF and PF) at four sites along climate factors gradient. The results showed that the overall mean soil C and N amounts to a depth of 20 cm ranged from 2.6 ± 1.1 Mg ha−1 to 38.6 ± 23.1 Mg ha−1, and soil nitrogen stock ranged from 0.2 ± 0.1 Mg ha−1 to 3.3 ± 1.5 Mg ha−1. Moreover, a loss of C stock was observed at Qingyuan (QY) by −7%, Dinghushan (DH) by −26%, Jianfengling (JF) by −13% while that of N stock was observed at QY (−8%), DH (−19%) and JF (−12%) at both depth layers. These results indicate that NFs have a better capacity to accumulate soil C and N. The soil C and N decreased from the southeast to the northeast and increased from tropical to temperate mixed forests zone in the eastern part of the study area. The C and N stock mainly occurred in the topsoil and decreased significantly with depth. Moreover, soil C and N stocks increased with age of plantation. This study provides an overview of the current spatial distribution and soil stocks of C and N, as well as the effects of environmental factors on soil C and N stocks. It also indicated that, although mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation are the key factors affecting the variations in soil C and N, their vertical and horizontal distribution differed in various aspects.


Extensive lava flows, like those of Mount Merapi of Central
Java, require thickness only of the order of meters and temperatures only
slightly above the melting point to spread over distance of the order of
hundreds of meters. Other things being equal the spreading distance is
propotional to the cube of the thickness of the flow.


Reasonable reserve capacity and reserve rate of the Power generation equipment is a special problem in the power system.In this paper,the concept of equivalent continuous load curve based on and curving fitting used,obtained a function of load and time relationship,and further obtain a reasonable reserve capacity and reserve rate.


This paper addresses the issue about pedestrians run-over and collisions between vehicles in Argentina that occur as a result of the adoption of behaviors that violate the norms. The main objective of this work was focused on identifying and understanding the core belief underlying such risky behaviors. It was proposed the use of the qualitative methodology whose interest focuses on the interpretation of human events. In this context, the analytical procedure proposed by the grounded theory was developed. The article concludes with a reflection on the sense of unproductiveness that acquires the circulation on the public road for passers-by. This belief structures the ways of moving by representing one of the causes of the violation of norms.


Abstract The `greatness' of Jorge Luis Borges is an invention of the 1960s, based on the reception of a relatively small body of work from the 1940s (most notably the stories collected in Ficciones and El Aleph). It was in this decade that `Borges' was created: the cosmopolitan, erudite, philosophical but ingeniously playful weaver of cerebral, labyrinthine, and slippery narrative puzzles. This version of Borges is reductive, as there is a strongly referential dimension to his short fiction. This interest in reality rather than fiction and in the local as well as the cosmopolitan paves the way for an understanding of Borges's deeply felt connection with what one might call popular culture. The focus of much of the author's life and work is the popular or even the vulgar: the gaucho code; the exploits of Buenos Aires hoodlums; pirates, cowboys and gangsters; detective stories and other genre works; classical Hollywood movies; tangos; and so forth. This essay explores the notion of the orilla to investigate the ways Borges's literary and other outputs straddle opposing impulses: the rural and the urban, the local and the universal, the abstract and the referential, the `high' and the `low', the traditional and the modern.


The lifetimes of 17 commercial ethylene-hexene copolymers were measured under fatigue and constant load. These LLDPE resins all had about the same melt flow index and density, but their lifetimes under fatigue and constant load varied by factors of 17 to 104, respectively. The lifetimes in fatigue were 1/25 to 1/2000 times the lifetime under constant load, but the ranking of the resins in fatigue with respect to their resistance to slow crack growth correlated with the ranking under a constant load. It is recommended that a tensile fatigue test on a notched specimen is a useful short time test for the quality control of ethylenehexene copolymers that may be used for gas pipes or other critical applications.


Abstract 1. Two experiments were conducted with young chicks to examine the efficacy of dietary supplements of amino acids, creatine and potassium acetate in the alleviation of adverse effects of auto‐claved jack beans (AJB). 2. Creatine supplementation of AJB diets markedly enhanced the efficiencies of food and nitrogen utilisation of chicks, restoring these indices to control values. The improvement in nitrogen utilisation was enhanced further on providing creatine with a mixture of 2‐aminoiso‐butyric acid, arginine and lysine. 3. Potassium acetate induced striking improvements in the nitrogen retention efficiencies of chicks fed on AJB diets. 4. Liver weights, as a proportion of body weight, generally increased on feeding AJB diets, the effects being marked with the AJB diet supplemented with arginine and lysine. 5. Hepatic urea concentrations were elevated in all groups receiving AJB. Canavanine, a toxic amino acid component of AJB, could not be detected in acid hydrolysates of livers from chicks fed ...


Summaries of three papers read at the conference of the Scottish Branch of Aslib held in Edinburgh 7th February 1958.


The present study was performed to investigate the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and Proly1 endopeptidase (PEP) inhibitory activities of plant extracts. The whole extract of Fragaria yezoensis inhibited the DPPH radical by and the stem of Gingko biloba, Gardenia jasminoides for. grandiflora and Rhododendron yedoensa var. poukhanene, the loaves of Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum, Gardenia jasminoides for. grandiflora and Corylus sieboldiana var. mandshurice, the fruit of Cornus officinalis, and the root of Gingko biloba showed high DPPH radical scavenging activities. In the case of PEP inhibitory activities, high inhibition was observed in the whole Plant of Fragaria ananassa, Fragaria yezoensis and Hypericum erectum, the stem of Actinidia arguta and Rhododendron yedoensa var. poukhanese, the leaves of Rhododendron yedoensa var. poukhanense and Rosa davurica, the fruit of Cornus officinalis. and the root of Acer okamotoanum. There was significant correlation (P=0.000) between DPPH radical scavenging and prolyl endopeptidase inhibitory activities, thus some of plant extracts such as whole Fragaria yezoensis, fruit of Cornus officinalis had high activities in both DPPH-scavenging and prolyl endopeptidase inhibition. Therefore, it is required to examine the mechanical interaction between DPPH-scavenging and prolyl endopeptidase inhibitory activities and further studying plant extracts with both these activities is desired to develop agents for preventing and treating of Alzheimer's disease.


The invention discloses a service quality management method, an apparatus and a system. According to the technical scheme of the invention, as for any one terminal in a double-connection scene, QoS parameter threshold values corresponding to any one QoS parameter can be re-distributed to a master base station and an auxiliary base station of the terminal according to an obtained original value corresponding to the QoS parameter of the terminal, so that a QoS parameter value which is corresponding to the QoS parameter and is obtained finally by the terminal, will not exceed a value range which is limited by an original QoS parameter value to which the terminal is entitled, and therefore, the problem that service quality obtained by the terminal is not matched with service quality to which the terminal is entitled when the master base station and the auxiliary base station provide services for the terminal simultaneously can be solved, and the service quality of the terminal can be controlled and managed under the premise that the service quality of the terminal is ensured.


Although it has long been known that erections are primarily a hemodynamic event mediated through the autonomic nervous system, recent findings have shown the importance of penile smooth muscle relaxation for tumescence. A multitude of hormones, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulators in the penis are involved in corporal relaxation: acetylcholine, vasointestinal peptide, prostaglandin, and endothelium-derived substances. Of primary importance is the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells that diffuses into adjacent smooth muscle cells, causing relaxation. Following filling of the endothelial lined lacunar spaces of the penis with blood, tumescence occurs and progresses to rigid erection when the veno-occlusive mechanism traps blood. Dysfunction of the veno-occlusive system seems to result from defects in the penis rather than the veins themselves. For venous leakage, pelvic embolization of the veins and surgical resection of penile veins have shown a 40% to 50% initial success rate with a disappointing long-term success rate of only 15%. A new implantable, inflatable, cavernous compression device may improve treatment results. In patients with pure arterial insufficiency without corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction, limited experience with revascularization by an inferior epigastric artery bypass has shown a durable improvement in 50% to 75% of selected patients with a five-year follow-up. Medical therapy with oral yohimbine hydrochloride or trazodone hydrochloride is effective in 20% of patients, but the contribution of a placebo effect is unknown. Vacuum constriction or negative pressure devices are gaining some patient acceptance, probably because of the less invasive nature. The penis is placed in a cylinder where negative pressure is applied. After adequate rigidity is achieved, an elastic constrictive device is placed at the base of the penis to prevent blood leaking back to the systemic circulation. Implanting a penile prosthesis remains an effective therapy. Improvements in design have led to semirigid, positionable, and inflatable designs with low mechanical failure rates. In 20 years, surgically implanted silicone penile prostheses have not been implicated in noninfectious systemic or immunologic complications.


Flowering and morphology of four Petunia Juss. spp. (P. axillaris (Lam.) Britton et al., P. exserta Stehmann, P. integrifolia (Hook.) Schinz & Thell., and P. ·hybrida Vilm.) were evaluated in response to photoperiod and temperature. Photoperiod responses were evaluated under 9-h short days (SD), 9-h photoperiod plus 4-h night-interruption lighting (NI), or a 16-h photoperiod supplemented with high-pressure sodium lamps (16-h HPS). All species flowered earlier under NI than SD and were classified as facultative (quantitative) long-day plants. Increasing the daily light integral within long-day treatments increased flower bud number for P. axillaris only. In a second experiment, crop timing and quality were evaluated in the temperature range of 14 to 26 8C under 16-h HPS. The rate of progress toward flowering for each species increased as temperature increased from 14 to 26 8C, suggesting the optimal temperature for development is at least 26 8C. The calculated base temperature for progress to flowering varied from 0.1 8C for P. exserta to 5.3 8C for P. integrifolia. Flowering of P. axillaris and P. integrifolia was delayed developmentally (i.e., increased node number below the first flower) at 14 8C and 17 8C or less, respectively, compared with higher temperatures. Petunia axillaris and P. integrifolia flower bud numbers decreased as temperature increased, whereas P. ·hybrida flower bud number was similar at all temperatures. The differences in crop timing and quality traits observed for these species suggest that they may be useful sources of variability for petunia breeding programs.


The dynamic splitting tension test of the marble was simulated by the FEM software ANSYS/LS-DYNA.Marble failure mechanism under dynamic loading was analyzed respectively through using traditional cylindrical hammer,profiled hammer and traditional cylindrical hammer with pulse shaper attached to the input rod impact segment.The relationships between different hammer impact speed with the maximum axial stress of incident bar,destruction moment and failure strain of testing sample,as well as the failure strain with different strain rates,were studied.The results indicated that under the effect of dynamic impact,along with the impact velocity increases,the strain rate of marble material showed a trend of increase,while the time to failure and failure strain showed a trend of decreases.


The invention discloses a sputtering target of zinc oxide amorphous film and a manufacturing method therefor. The sputtering target of zinc oxide amorphous film is composed of InxGayAl(1-y)O3ZnOT(x+y=1, x:y=1:0.01-100, T=0.1-5). Therefor, the zinc oxide amorphous film has a value of volume resistivity less than 20 omega*cm, DC sputtering can be carried out, less than 1 mum of the aggregate of In, Ga, Al and Zn are formed, problems caused by abnormal discharge are inhibited, the value of carrier concentration is 10 -10 /cm when film forming is formed, the value of electron mobility thereof is 1-10 cm /Vs.


We report here experimental demonstration of crystalline semiconductor Si nanomembrane thin film solar cells based on room temperature frame-assisted membrane transfer (FAMT) process. Low-temperature compatible annealing processes have also been investigated for optimal metal contact formation. For two micrometer thick p-n junction Si solar cells, we obtained an open circuit voltage of 0.38 V and power efficiency of 1.64%, without any anti-reflection coating or light trapping schemes. Incorporating optimal anti-reflection coating, light trapping and plasmonic structures, we expect the cell efficiency to approach 10% and more for 2 μm thick Si cells. The results demonstrate a promising future for such a new type of cost effective flexible thin film solar cells, based on crystalline semiconductor membranes.


The nature of statistical significance testing of a sequence of inventory differences (IDs) is that single test criteria are often used in the implementation of a test even though the IDs and hence the tests are correlated. As a consequence, the experienced false alarm rate for the sequence can be considerably larger than that presumably designed into the single test. Thus one is led to a consideration of test criteria that better address the false alarm rate problem. This paper is intended to do this. An application of Wald's sequential probability ratio test to sequences of IDs under the assumption that only contiguous IDs are correlated results in one such test.


A collection of 1,030 accessions of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), mostly cultivars and assumed cultivars, was evaluated for resistance to the tomato fruitworm. Although no immunity was found, there were significant differences in the degree of susceptibility. The most resistant cultivar, 'Tiny Tim', was 83.1 and 57.6% less damaged than the susceptible and resistant controls, respectively. Even though the data were possibly confounded by vine-size effects, indications are that much of the variability can be used to develop less susceptible cultivars.


Einleitung: Use of self Methode: Use of self Ergebnisse: Use of self Schlussfolgerung: Use of self Introduction: Method: Results: Conclusion:


Ground tests of solid propellant rocket motors have shown that metal-containing propellants produce various amounts of slag (primarily aluminum oxide), which is trapped in the motor case causing a loss of specific impulse. Although not yet definitely established, the presence of a liquid pool of slag also may contribute to nutational instabilities that have been observed with certain spin-stabilized, upper-stage vehicles. Because of the rocket's axial acceleration - absent in the ground tests - estimates of in-flight slag mass have been very uncertain. Yet such estimates are needed to determine the magnitude of the control authority of the systems required for eliminating the instability. A test rig with an eccentrically mounted hemispherical bowl was designed and built that incorporates a follower force that properly aligns the thrust vector along the axis of spin. A program that computes the motion of a point mass in the spinning and precessing bowl was written. Using various rpm, friction factors, and initial starting conditions, plots were generated showing the trace of the point mass around the inside of the fuel tank. The apparatus will be used extensively during the 1990 to 1991 academic year and incorporate future design features such as a variable nutation angle and a film height measuring instrument. Data obtained on the nutational instability characteristics will be used to determine order-of-magnitude estimates of control authority needed to minimize the sloshing effect.


The utility model relates to a positive plate of laminated lithium ion secondary battery and the related battery. The positive plate is rectangular and includes a substrate, positive active materials coated on the substrate surface, and an insulation layer attached on the edge of the positive plate. The laminated lithium ion secondary battery includes an electrode core formed by sequentially laminating sheet-like positive plates and negative plates at two sides of a separation membrane, nonaqueous electrolyte, and a battery shell for sealing the electrode core and nonaqueous electrolyte. The positive plate and the negative plate are formed by coating active materials on the surface of substrates which have neck parts protruding outward to form current collectors, wherein the positive electrode is the one provided by the utility model. The laminated lithium ion secondary battery can suppress breakage of separation membrane due to burr or dressing at the edge of the positive plate when the positive and the negative plate expand in charge process, therefore avoiding short circuit.


The lecture describes the etiology, epidemiology, classification and clinical features of diphtheria in children, taking into account various sites, covers the issues of diagnosis. Treatment for diphtheria in children is carried as per the order of Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine № 354 dated July 9, 2004 in accordance with the form and severity of the disease.


An adaptive algorithm to calculate the learning rate of the backpropagation algorithm is proposed. It is based on the estimation of the maximum value of that parameter that guarantees stability in each training cycle. This scheme is computationally efficient and it is shown to be faster and to avoid local minima easier than other previously proposed adaptive algorithms.


Radical criminology has been the subject of considerable interest within American criminology in recent years. The term is associated with a number of theorists, including Richard Quinney, Herman Schwendinger, Tony Platt, William Chambliss, and Paul Takagi.' But the content of radical criminology is less familiar to nonradical criminologists, due in part to the extent of the divergence of radical criminology from other branches of the field. In particular, some confusion exists concerning the distinction between radical and conflict criminology, where conflict criminology is associated with the works of theorists such as George Vold and Austin Turk, as well as with earlier works of several theorists who later became radical criminologists, such as Quinney's The Social Reality of Crime and Chambliss and Seidman's Law, Order, and Power.2 The confusion between these two perspectives is related to the fact that most American radical criminologists considered themselves conflict criminologists about ten years ago. The confusion also results because the two perspectives partially share the same intellectual heritage in the works of Karl Marx, and that Marxism, to which radical


We examine supervisory channel transmission at wavelengths below cable cut-off in G.654 fibres via modelling and cabled fibre tests. We find negligible MPI and no penalty for 2.5 Gb/s transmission in a worst-case configuration up to 40 nm below cut-off. Introduction ITU-T standard G.654 governs specifications for cut-off shifted optical fibre, mainly deployed in undersea systems. The ITU is currently drafting a new G.654 optical fibre standard for terrestrial transmission system applications, allowing fibres with larger effective areas to reduce nonlinear impairments. The cable cut-off specification is expected to be higher than that for terrestrial G.652 fibre, and is likely to be 1530 nm. An important component of terrestrial telecommunication networks is the supervisory channel. This is a low data-rate (<2.5 Gb/s) optical channel located outside of the main transmission band that communicates system and control information between optical amplifier sites. The wavelength of 1510 nm is often used for SC transmission. Since 1510 nm falls below the likely cable cut-off wavelength specification of the new G.654 fibre standard, there has been concern that SC transmission performance could be adversely impacted by multi-path interference (MPI). In this paper we address the issue of low data rate transmission at wavelengths below the cable cut-off. While higher order modes (typically LP11) may be excited below cable cut-off, the level of MPI generated depends on the coupling between LP01 and LP11 at splice points and the differential mode attenuation (DMA) between LP01 and LP11 in the cabled fibre and bend loss induced in splice trays. Here, we investigate a cabled span of G.654.B fibre through modelling and with extensive MPI and SC transmission measurements. In a worst-case configuration without splice tray loops, we demonstrate no power penalty up to 40 nm below cut-off. System Model We first analyse the growth of MPI in a fibre span through a simple model assuming MPI may be generated at the splice points within the span. We make the conservative assumption that any loss of the fundamental mode at a splice point results in the lost optical power being fully coupled from the LP01 mode to the higher order LP11 mode. The power coupling coefficient is given by = 1 10( ( )/ ) where L(dB) is the splice loss. By reciprocity, we assume that any optical power already in LP11 will couple back to LP01 with the same coefficient. In this way, MPI is generated as power couples both ways between the modes at splices and thus multiple crosstalk terms may build up with delays relative to the signal (due to different modal group velocities) during propagation through a span. The MPI level (ratio of total crosstalk power to average signal power) at span end is governed by the splice losses, distance between splices, and DMA. Results from the MPI model as a function of DMA for different levels of splice loss are given in Fig. 1. The span length is 92.4 km and the splices are located every 4.2 km. The three levels of average splice loss represent measured data for G.652 and G.654 fibres, with the smaller losses representing G.654 fibres with 112 m and 150 m effective areas. Larger splice losses of 0.1 dB are assumed at the span input and output ends where the large effective area fibre is spliced to standard singlemode fibre with smaller mode field diameter. Fig. 1: MPI as function of DMA for different splice losses. The received power penalty from MPI has been studied extensively for NRZ signals. We -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 M PI a t e nd o f s pa n (d B ) DMA (dB/km) Splice loss = 0.024 dB Splice loss = 0.017 dB Splice loss = 0.014 dB First and last splice loss = 0.1 dB 1166 ECOC 2016 42nd European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communications September 18 – 22, 2016 Düsseldorf ISBN 978-3-8007-4274-5 © VDE VERLAG GMBH Berlin Offenbach also made experimental measurements with a controlled MPI emulator with 8 crosstalk terms for 2.5 Gb/s NRZ signals. The signal extinction ratio was 10 dB. The crosstalk terms were randomly polarized and delayed with respect to each other and the signal, as will be likely in the case for splice-generated MPI. The results in Fig. 2 show that MPI values < -32 dB should produce negligible penalty. Fig. 1 suggests DMA values as low as 1 dB/km at the SC wavelength may be sufficient to avoid MPI penalties. In practice, DMA will likely depend on cabling conditions as well as the fibre. Fig. 2: Measured power penalty from MPI for a 2.5 Gb/s NRZ signal with randomly polarized crosstalk terms. Experimental Set-up and Measurements To conduct experiments, we cabled ITU-T G.654.B compliant Corning Vascade EX2000 optical fibre in two gel-filled buffer tubes, each of length 4.2 km. Each tube contained 11 Vascade EX2000 fibres (along with 1 other un-used fibre), which spliced together formed a 92.4 km span with a total of 21 intra-span splices. The G.654 fibre was spliced to standard single-mode fibre jumpers at the input and output ends of the span. The fibre deployed in the tubes was mainly taken from two source reels, with cable cut-off wavelengths of 1520 nm and 1480 nm, measured for 2 m lengths including 2x80 mm diameter loops. The tubes were loosely coiled in large trays, with minimum diameter of 1 m. To create a worst-case condition unlikely to occur in the field and matching the model conditions, we spliced the fibres together without introducing the usual several ~80 mm diameter loops on each side of the splice as done in a splice tray. Each splice section was kept straight, creating a condition for maximum MPI generation. We then measured MPI as a function of wavelength by analysis of the power fluctuations of a CW laser transmitted through the span. The measurement results are shown in Fig. 3. Even at wavelengths as low as 1420 -35 dB. Application of the simple model assuming an average splice loss of about 0.017 dB suggests that the DMA in the fibre is minimally about 1 dB/km at 1420 nm and increases with wavelength. We note that 1420 nm is about 60 nm below cut-off of the fibre comprising half the span, and 100 nm below cutoff of the rest of the fibre. Also shown in Fig. 3 is the upper edge of back-to-back measurements, illustrating an effective measurement floor. MPI data near or below this level taken through the span may be partially masked and could be lower than shown. Fig. 3: Measured MPI values through 92.4 km span. The results in Figs. 2 and 3 suggest that negligible penalty should be observed for transmission through the 92.4 km span even for wavelengths down to 1440 nm and possibly lower. We tested this by transmitting a 2.5 Gb/s NRZ signal with 10 dB extinction ratio over the fibre span. The experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 4. A tunable laser and external MachZehnder modulator (MZM) allowed various wavelengths to be studied. The received power was controlled with a variable optical attenuator (VOA) and the receiver was a 2.5 Gb/s laboratory unit with clock and data recovery. Fig. 4: Transmission system experimental set-up. We made transmission measurements of bit error rate (BER) as a function of received power in back-to-back (B2B) and through the 92.4 km cabled fibre span for several wavelengths. Fig. 5 shows results for transmission at 1440 nm and 1480 nm. As expected from the small MPI values measured at these wavelengths, we observed essentially no penalty for transmission through the span compared to back-to-back, even though 1440 nm is 40 nm below the cut-off of the lowest cut-off fibre in the tubes. Since NRZ signals are more sensitive to MPI and crosstalk with lower extinction ratios, we then changed the signal extinction ratio to 6.0 dB and made measurements at both 2.5 Gb/s and 1.25 Gb/s. Results at 1460 nm from these experiments are shown in Fig. 6. No penalty 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 -32 -30 -28 -26 -24 -22 -20 -18 -16 Po w er p en al ty (d B m ) MPI (dB) BER = 5 x 10-9 Extinction ratio = 10 dB -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -3


The invention discloses a real-time monitoring system and method of particle concentration and fluorescence intensity data of air. The system comprises a monitoring end and a detection device, wherein the monitoring end and the detection device are connected in a wired or wireless manner; the detection device is used for detecting and outputting the particle concentration and the fluorescence intensity data of the air according to a control instruction; and the monitoring end is used for sending the control instruction to the detection device, receiving the particle concentration and fluorescence intensity data of the air output by the detection device, and carrying out real-time display after the data are processed. The monitoring end comprises a display module and a drawing module; and the display module is used for displaying a real-time multi-channel particle number distribution graph and a multi-channel fluorescence intensity data distribution graph according to drawing data sent by the drawing module. According to the real-time monitoring system and method disclosed by the invention, the imaging treatment is carried out on multi-channel particle concentration data and multi-channel fluorescence intensity data in real time at the same time, so that the efficiency of counting dust particles is improved and the air quality can be rapidly analyzed and judged in real time.


Abstract Hypermedia is becoming an increasing part of our reading and viewing experience. This paper uses some key examples of hyperfictional literature and film as bases for discussing some of the narrative and cognitive consequences of these new media. Does the interactive nonlinear medium of hyperfiction or hypermediaftction force us to question our identity as narrative creatures? Stories would seem to be part of our being human. We are narrative beasts and not just because we tell stories. But, in a sense, we are our narrative: life is a story. To read or view written or visual materials interactively is to face choices in what is given to us and to have to take action to get on with the 'story'. This is a performance which disrupts, even suppresses, our most ingrained ways with stories. A hyperfictional narrative does not exist except in the making of it by the reader or viewer out of raw materials supplied by the 'original author'. In the making of this kind of fiction, we take command of the direc...


This study was carried out at full scale on the St Mars la Jaille activated sludge system (Western France), which is one of the first successful biological excess phosphorus removal systems in Europe. The aim of the study was to show how the parameter oxidation reduction potential (ORP) can be used to optimise biogical nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a two series reactor system, by controlling air supply to the second aeration tank (for nitrification and denitrification) and monitoring anaerobiosis in the first non-aerated tank


Early and delayed toxicity of a single dose of 300 mg kg−1 cyclophosphamide (CP) was investigated in male DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice.


Aiming at the current image watermark research status and existing problems,the article proposes a digital watermarking algorithm based on the discrete wavelet transform.By choosing low and middle sub band of the wavelet packet decomposition of the original image to embed the watermark,the algorithm increases the capacity of the watermark and improves the imperceptibility.With the combination of HVS model,the robustness of watermark is achieved.Quantities of experiment data show that the algorithm has good robustness on image attacks,such as JPEG compression,noise,cropping,and etc,and at the same time the imperceptibility of watermark can be guaranteed.


Objective
To comb the development of transitional care, analyze and compare the research hotspots and frontiers at home and abroad.

Methods
CNKI Database and Web of Science Core Collection were taken as data sources to retrieve the relevant literature published from 2000 to 2019; CiteSpace software was used to construct scientific knowledge maps for visualization analysis.

Results
A total of 285 Chinese and 1 179 English documents were retrieved, and the annual publications showed an upward trend from 2012. The high-yield institutions and authors were relatively scattered. Chinese papers focused on subjective indicators such as quality of life, and most of which were literature review. While English papers tended to focus on objective indicators, such as readmission and mortality rate, and the research type was mainly intervention study. The Chinese keywords "WeChat" and English "palliative care" were with the strongest citation bursts in recent years.

Conclusions
The domestic development of transitional care is relatively lagging; cooperation between institutions and authors should be strengthened. Future researches on palliative care or combined with WeChat platform may become hotspots in this field.

Key words:
Transitional care; Mapping knowledge domains; Visualization; CiteSpace software


An analytical noniterative procedure is presented that allows a power pattern with a shaped main lobe to be obtained. The method is based on the fact that the pattern of an array is not more than the Fourier transform of the currents sequence; i.e. the sequence that results from discretizing the inverse Fourier transform of the pattern. This means that the feed currents are the coefficients of the Fourier series of the pattern with only N harmonics for a given array of N elements. The results obtained assure that, although the shape of the main beam is practically constant for all the windows, the transition from the shaped zone to the side lobes becomes more abrupt as the function which is used to convolve is elaborated. A reduction of the side lobes of the function is also accompanied by the same effect in the pattern.<<ETX>>


MELCOR models the progression of severe accidents in light water reactor nuclear power plants. Recent efforts in MELCOR development to incorporate CORCON-Mod3 models for core-concrete interactions, new models for advanced reactors, and improvements to several other existing models have resulted in release of MELCOR 1.8.3. In addition, continuing efforts to expand the code assessment database have filled in many of the gaps in phenomenological coverage. Efforts are now under way to develop models for chemical interactions of fission products with structural surfaces and for reactions of iodine in the presence of water, and work is also in progress to improve models for the scrubbing of fission products by water pools, the chemical reactions of boron carbide with steam, and the coupling of flow blockages with the hydrodynamics. Several code assessment analyses are in progress, and more are planned.


W e argue that Brazilian Portuguese (BP) affixes can be divided in (at least) two groups according to their prosodic behavior: t rue affixes are prosodically integrated to the base, while compositional affixes are considered independent prosodic words. Aiming to find empirical evidence t o sustain this distintion, we investigate two questions : (i) C an we find acoustic patterns in derived words to differentiate true and compositional affixes? (ii) A re there psycholinguistic evidence to sustain that these two groups are accessed differently in our lexicon?. In order to answer these questions, w e developed two experimental paradigms . The first one is an acoustic analysis which compares  duration in syllables and V-V units of derived words. In this experiment, syllables showed increase in duration towards the stressed position for all conditions, while V-V units seem to differentiate the two types of morphological formations. The second one is an eye tracking experiment with lexical decision task to describe fixations, saccades and level of accuracy in derived words and nonce words. Our main results show that  compositional words presented longer total time of fixation in the eye tracking analysis and longer and less accurate answers in the lexical decision task, what sustains the hypothesis that the two categories behave differently.


The present work describes aspects of relation between the black people and schooling in the province of Maranhao during the XIX century. It uses primary sources, printed and handwritten, about the public instruction. It characterizes the occurrence of policies for negative actions that happened in this period to impede the access of black people in school public through criteria based on the conditions and the color of skin dark. This paper also emphasizes the aspirations of family black for education of their children, showing that black people were not alien to the social significance that access to the knowledge of reading, writing, and counting had obtained along the XIX century.


Objective:To establish a RP-HPLC method for determination of hydroxysafflower yellow A content in Qili san. Methods:The separation was performed on a Mucleodur C18 column with the mobile phase acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(11∶89)at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min.The detection wavelength was 403nm and column temperature was 35℃.Results:The retention time of hydroxysafflower yellow A was about 19 min.The resolution with the adjacent peak was more than 1.5. Hydroxysafflower yellow A presented a good linearity within the range of 8.0-160.0μg/ml,and the regression equation was Y=0.016 11 X+1.217(r=0.999 9).The average recovery of hydroxysafflower yellow A was 99.5% and RSD was 0.94%. Conclusion:This method is accurate,sensitive and reproducible.It can be used for content determination of hydroxysafflower yellow A in Qili san.


Background . In many cocoa intervention studies, health outcomes are related to cocoa components without taking into account the bioavailability of the main bioactive components: phenolic compounds and methylxanthines. Methods . The present work associates the results of bioavailability and randomised controlled crossover studies in humans carried out with similar cocoa products, so that the main phenol and methylxanthine metabolites observed in plasma and urine are associated to the health effects observed in the chronic studies. We outstand that doses of cocoa and consumption rate used are realistic. In the bioavailability study, a conventional (CC) and methylxanthine-polyphenol rich (MPC) cocoa product were used, whereas in the chronic study a dietary fibre-rich (DFC) and polyphenol-rich (PC) product were studied in healthy and cardiovascular risk subjects. Results and Discussion . The main phenolic metabolites formed after CC and MPC intake, 5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3'-sulfate, 3'-methyl-epicatechin-5-sulfate, 4-hydroxy-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid-sulfate, 5-phenyl-γ-valerolactone--sulfate and 5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3'-glucuronide, Abstract Background . In many cocoa intervention studies, health outcomes are related to cocoa components without taking into account the bioavailability of the main bioactive Methods . The present work associates the results of bioavailability and randomised controlled crossover studies in humans carried out with similar cocoa products, so that the main phenol and methylxanthine metabolites observed in plasma and urine are 26 associated to the health effects observed in the chronic studies. We outstand that doses 27 of cocoa and consumption rate used are realistic. In the bioavailability study, a conventional (CC) and methylxanthine-polyphenol rich (MPC) cocoa product were used, whereas in the chronic study a dietary fibre-rich (DFC) and polyphenol-rich (PC) product were studied in healthy and cardiovascular risk subjects.


123 ABSTRACT Changes in balance are observed in some hemiparetics following a stroke, generating significant physical, social, and economic impacts; thus, an assessment was developed to facilitate treatment plans for patients. Goniometry is currently used as an evaluation tool for range of motion (ROM); however, the development of exergames has brought a new perspective to the assessment, which uses a dynamic mechanism and has little subjectivity. Objective: This study evaluates the inter-and intra-rater reliability of ROM measurement of the shoulder abduction in post-stroke patients using the exergame PhysioPlayTM. Method: Thirteen volunteer chronic stroke survivors, aged 58.23 ± 9.96 years (men and women), participated in this study. Two physiotherapists evaluated the abduction of the shoulder using goniometry and the exergame PhysioPlayTM. A retest was performed one week later. Clinical trial registry number – RBR55smwr. Results: The results of the analyses using intraclass correlation coeficient (ICC) showed an excellent interand intra-rater reliability level (r> 0,90; p <0,05). The Pearson correlation between the maximum measures obtained in the goniometry and the software PhysioPlayTM showed a high correlation (r> 0,90, p=0,001). Conclusion: The Kinect associated with the exergame PhysioPlayTM presented excellent reliability in capturing the ROM measure compared to the conventional goniometry.


Studies during 1985/86 include tidal heating and the structure and evolution of Io and Europa, crater relaxation on icy satellites using realistic non-Newtonian ice rheology, and convection through phase transition in the interiors of icy satellites. The abstracts of published papers on these subjects are reproduced.


Sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops of the Panchmahal district of Gujarat. However, its productivity in the district is very low. Attempts are being made to improve productivity and to increase area under sesamum by adoption of HYVs (high yielding variety). In order to compare conventional sesamum with HYVs varieties, 50 front line demonstrations (FLDs) were carried out in systematic manner on farmers' fields to show the worth of new varieties in comparison to local check and thereby convincing farmers about potentialities of improved production management practices of sesamum for further adoption, involving feasible and effective scientific package of practices. The demonstrations clearly showed enhancement of productivity. At the same time area under sesamum cultivation was also noticed to be enhanced. The yield was found to be increased from 369 kg/ha in local check to 470 kg/ha in FLDs. Similarly, the cost: benefit ratio for HYVs varieties was found to be 1.65 as compared to 1.29 in local check. The economic and cost: benefit ratio can be further improved to 1.68 by giving slightly higher inputs for cultivation and marketing. The impact of FLDs was analysed which showed improvement of knowledge and satisfaction of farmers as the main reason for mass scale adoption.


Analysis on co-use parameters in TV frequency channels is essential to utilize a TV White Space(TVWS) efficiently. A transmission probability of interfering transmitter can be used as some criteria for performance evaluation of the systems that co-use the cochannels. We considered a duty cycle as a parameter for getting the method how heterogeneous systems can use simultaneously a co-channel in TVWS. We analyze the transmission probability of interfering transmitter with an assumption that the probability is the same as the duty cycle, a time that it spends in an active state as a fraction of the total under consideration. In order to make an analysis of relationship between duty cycle and performances of two systems. We take into consideration on the case that WLAN is an victim receiver and WiBro is a interfering transmitter. Analyzed coexistence results may be widely applied into the technique developed to get the coexisting condition for wireless devices using many communication protocols in same frequency.


Taking a child's behavior as an example (out of my own experience), I shall try to consider a theoretical framework on which a semiotic model can be established. This can, in my opinion, be performed owing to the fact that semiotics initially establishes a relation between two (or more than two) phenomena, which can then be subordinated to a process of signification. My aim in this paper shall be to establish a theoretical limit to such oppositional relations in terms of a child's behavior (such as: normality vs. abnormality, intentionality vs. unintentionality, etc.), which may emerge from various states of a mental disorders such as Autism presents. Such states can gain their transformability through procedures such as: transformation in semiotics, and new behavior acquisition in psychology, so as to become moveable from one state to another. The questions I am trying to answer are: are such phenomena treatable in terms of their becoming passionate? If an abnormal behavior comes into existence, how is it expressed through the incapacity of the "symbolic representation," as Piaget claims? And finally, which is the way to understand such a child's' requests and complaints?


The Denial of Service(DoS) attacks, which are done by consuming all of the computing or communication resources necessary for the services, are known very difficult to be protected from. TCP has drawbacks in its connection establishment for possible DoS attacks. TCP maintains the state of each partly established connection in the connection queue until it is established completely and accepted by the application. The attackers can make the queue full by sending connection requests repeatedly and not completing the connection establishment steps for those requests. In this paper, we have designed and implemented the extended TCP for preventing from SYN Flood DoS attacks. In the extended TCP, the state of each partly established connection is not maintained in the queue until the connection is established completely. For the extended TCP, we have modified the 3-way handshake procedure of TCP and implemented the extended TCP in the Linux operating system. The test result shows delay more than original TCP, but it shows that the extended TCP is strong for SYN Flood attacks.


SUMMARY The standardized CPUE for shortfin mako shark caught by Japanese longline fishery in the Atlantic Ocean was given using the filtered less than 40% logbook reporting category for shark during 1971-2000. Those logbook data includes shark catch classified as sharks. Another shortfin mako shark standardized CPUE were obtained for the period of 1993-2000 using species-specific catch record without 0% reporting category for the comparison. The sensitivity was checked using less than 20, 30, 40 and 50% filtered data for species combined data sets. Shortfin mako shark CPUEs indicate continually decreasing trends during past three decades for North, South and whole Atlantic stock hypothesis. RESUME


This paper is a revised version of a previous one, having the same title, which was communicated to the Society on the 22nd of November, 1859, and formed the substance of the Croonian Lecture delivered by the author on the 19th of April, 1860. The author has now included the results of his researches on the structure of the ventricular portion of the heart in fishes, reptiles, and birds.


As an object of research within this article we allocated psychological and pedagogical heritage of Herbert Spencer. The purpose of this article is to track influence of Herbert Spencer's psychological and pedagogical heritage on problem definition in domestic psychology of the end of XIX th the beginning of the XX th century. Research methods are the following: a historical and genetic method (studying of ideas of the past is inseparably linked to taking into account the general logics of development of science during a certain historical period), a comparative and historical method (the analysis of continuity of the stated ideas). This article can be of interest to researchers of history of foreign and domestic pedagogical psychology, and also to the researchers dealing with problems of the child and age psychology. The results of research reflected in this article can be used in lecture courses on history of psychology, history of pedagogical psychology, psychology of the personality, the general and child psychology, age psychology at faculties of psychology of universities, and will find application in historical and psychological researches, in creation of manuals on history of psychology.


The charge transfer reaction between ofloxacin and chloranilic acid has been studied spectrophotometrically.The experimental optimization conditions of charge transfer complex formed were established.Ofloxacin reacts with chloranilic in methanol-acetone solution is 1∶1 at room temperature and forms a 1∶1 yellow complex with apparent molar absorptivity of 1.36×104L·mol -1 ·cm -1 at 520nm,Beer's Law is obeyed in the range of 8.68—200μg·mL -1 of ofloxacin with correlation coefficient 0.9992.The proposed method has been applied to the determination of ofloxacin in tablets with satisfactory results.The recovery was 97.9%—100.5% and the relative standard deviation is less than 1.13%.


Results the analysis of statistical data on the basic, to applied heating and ventilating systems are given. The technique which can be used by leading structures of the enterprises for the purpose of a choice of partners among suppliers and customers is offered. Needs and demands of specific work types should guide the range of services in the field of engineering systems of building and structures for successful development of the company (3, p. 84). Effective operation at the internal and external markets require knowledge and consideration of objective market laws, ability to organize and receive operational use of market information, ability to increase the competitiveness of organization etc (2, p. 119). Objective of the research is to study the statistical data for assessing relevance forecast of a particular heating and ventilation system. The analysis of statistical data used by main heating and ventilation systems showed that systems indicators have different trends in different time periods. Therefore it seems appropriate and in most cases relevant for management to implement a comprehensive comparative evaluation of the relevance of each system at different stages. Based on principles of information and statistical approach it is appropriate to apply specialized packet data STATGRAPHICS Plus for Windows, with base system contained a fairly complete set of common statistical data analysis types, to evaluate the relevance of heating and ventilation systems. Moreover additional modules offer to a scalable system (1, p. 33). Statistical data analysis identified the main heating and ventilation systems used in 1990- 2014 yy. Figure 1 show the predictive models built for the analyses of the one-pipe heating system; figure 2 show the predictive models built for the analyses of the two-pipe riser heating system; figure 3 show the predictive models built for the analyses of the heating system with two-pipe incidental internal distribution; figure 4 show the predictive models built for the analyses of the heating system with two-pipe beam internal distribution; figure 5 show the predictive models built for the analyses of the heating system with inside heated floor layout; figure 6 show the predictive models built for the analyses of the natural exhaust ventilation system channel; figure 7 show the predictive models built for the analyses of the mixed ventilation system; figure 8 show the predictive models built for the analyses of the artificial supply and exhaust ventilation system; figure 9 show the predictive models built for the analyses of the conditioning duct system.


Cloud detection and corresponding classification are an important problem in numerical weather forecast and remote sensing in general. The present paper introduces the wavelet transform as an aid tool for solving the problem. A case study based on METEOSAT images and on an available Cloud Analysis product is considered.


The development of science and technology will have widespread impacts throughout society, and the "assessment" will also be a sensitive area to the impact of scientific and technological developments. Especially information communication technology, or intelligent communication technology (ICT), which has developed rapidly in the twenty-first century, has had a sudden and even destructive effect on various studies and the field. The assessment, which has the most central function of collecting, processing, and analyzing data, would be one of the most rapidly changing areas under the influence of this ICT. This chapter deals with the following four topics about automation of AIG. Firstly, this chapter will introduce the meaning/implication of automation in AIG and analyze how automation of AIG affects the technology-based assessment system. In particular, this chapter will illustrate how AIG's automation will affect education, professional training, and/or public policy. Finally, this chapter concludes with a discussion of the future directions of AIG research and development. Roles and Impacts of Automatic Item Generation on Assessment Research, Practice, and Policy


In estimating the reliability of a system of components, it is ordinarily assumed that the component lifetimes are independently distributed. This assumption usually alleviates the difficulty of analyzing complex systems, but it is seldom true that the failure of one component in an interactive system has no effect on the lifetimes of the other components. Often, two or more components will fail simultaneously due to a common cause event. Such an incident is called a common cause failure (CCF), and is now recognized as an important contribution to system failure in various applications of reliability. We examine current methods for reliability estimation of system and component lifetimes using estimators derived from the binomial failure rate model. Computational problems require a new approach, like iterative solutions via the EM algorithm.


Electrochemical oxidation of tannery effluent was carried out in batch, batch recirculation and continuous reactor configurations under different conditions using a battery-integrated DC-DC converter and solar PV power supply. The effect of current density, electrolysis time and fluid flow rate on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and energy consumption has been evaluated. The results of batch reactor show that a COD reduction of 80.85% to 96.67% could be obtained. The results showed that after 7 h of operation at a current density of 2.5 A dm−2 and flow rate of 100 L h−1 in batch recirculation reactor, the removal of COD is 82.14% and the specific energy consumption was found to be 5.871 kWh (kg COD)−1 for tannery effluent. In addition, the performance of single pass flow reactors (single and multiple reactors) system of various configurations are analyzed.


Both early and late deep infections at the site of a prosthetic joint replacement typically are attributed to direct or airborne contamination occurring during the procedure5'#{176}2, but late infection also has been attributed to hematogenous bacterial seeding from a distant infection and to transient bacteremia 8'4 39. Late infection has been reported to occur in 0.5 to 1 1 per cent of patients who have been managed with a joint prosthesis'2'3. Although dental and urological manipulation both have been identified as a cause of these late infections'2'3, the potential for hematogenous bacterial seeding of the site of an onthopaedie implant following endoscopy rarely has been addressed.


The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) offers major improvements to many applications such as Smart Grid. The discovery of security threats are becoming a challenge to fulfill the purpose of the IoT ecosystem. Designing lightweight Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocols are critical to establish mutual authentication while reducing overloads on particular constrained devices including Smart Meters. The Yan et al. lightweight AKA scheme was proposed to provide mutual authentication along with multicast mechanism and other features for Smart Grids which facilitates power management while maintaining it's security and privacy. However, in this paper we show that the Yan et al. lightweight AKA scheme is vulnerable to replay attack in the multicast key generation phase in which the control over Smart Meters could be lost. Specifically, in this scheme, the attacker is able to interrupt the multicast messages without revealing the interruption to the Building Area Network (BAN) gateway. So, the desired Smart Meters do not receive any emergency multicast messages during power outages for a while. So there is a disturbance in the Smart Grid that could result in a Denial of Service (DoS) attack.


This paper proposes a scheme with sensor fusion that enhances a traditional multi-vital signs system's performance by predicting the user's physiological state. Detecting the user's carbon dioxide, temperature, and humidity produced by breathing can effectively estimate whether the user has enough resting-state time before conducting measurements. Additionally, when users are not using the system, it can monitor ambient parameters, such as carbon dioxide, temperature, and humidity. More importantly, it can collect the user's physiological state to achieve the higher performance of an intelligent multi-vital signs system.


Thebasicideaofthispaperistoinvestigate tosomeextent butcannotbecompletely determined byany quantitatively theinfluence ofsampling periods onfault detec-single (group of)user. tionperformance. Then,basedonit,adaptive andcooperativeItiswell-known thatthesampling mechanismnamely samplingmechanismsinnetworkedcontrolsystemscan be at i nothat the sampln m, nmel designed optimally bytaking intoaccounttheconstraint of atwhichtimeinstant allowwhichsignals tobe sampled limited bandwidth. andexchanged overthenetwork, isan important design parameter inNCS.Forinstance, theamountofuseful data I.INTRODUCTIONAND PROBLEMFORMULATION transmitted fromthesensors tothecontroller isdetermined by Innetworked control systems (NCS), thetraditional point- to-point connections aresubstituted by a common data N =3 *


The cardiorenal syndrome(CRS)is commom in patients with heart failure,and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes.The pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndrome is unclear until now.Because of worsening renal function and the development of diuretic resistence,the treatment for CRS is more difficult.The Combined Modality Therapies that involve B-type natrinretic peptide,ultrafiltration,continuous furosemide infusions,vasopressor antagonists,adenosione receptor antagonists and so on,maybe have better effect.Futher research into the mechanism and treatment of CRS is required.


The present invention relates to a process for preparing mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanates and polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates by sequential reaction of benzene to nitrobenzene to aniline to polyphenyl polymethylene polyamines wherein the benzene used as the starting material contains 500 to 5000 ppm w/w toluene and/or xylenes.


In this paper, we obtain the general solution and investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the new generalized mixed type additive and quadratic functional equation in fuzzy normed space. Mathematics Subject Classification 39B55, 39B52, 39B82


The authors introduce the L/sub 2/-system and derive necessary and sufficient conditions for these systems to be strictly passive. Strictly passive L/sub 2/-systems are characterized as having a representation in terms of a co-J-lossless matrix. A state space proof is developed and provides a Riccati equation characterization of a strictly passive L/sub 2/-system, as well as a formula for the co-J-lossless matrix representation. Applications to Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation and an H/sub infinity / filtering problem are considered.<<ETX>>


In this study, an MPMS Lite app is developed to reduce the digital information gap caused by the aging of field workers and the current status of the domestic mining industry related to the digital transformation of mines. Accordingly, daily work reports used in mine sites were secured and analyzed. Subsequently, the interface of MPMS Lite was designed based on the result of the daily work report analysis. The interface was designed in four modes by equipment and difficulty of use, allowing even elderly users have the chance to use the interface. As a result of selecting one domestic mine as a research area and conducting the operation test and satisfaction survey of the developed MPMS Lite, prospective users exhibited overall satisfaction with the design, convenience, and usability of the application. The MPMS Lite app is expected to enhance work efficiency related to production at the mining site and shall contribute to mitigating the digital information gap in the mining industry.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
OncotypeDx Genomic Prostate Score (GPS) test is an RNA expression assay that can be performed on prostate biopsies. We sought to determine whether GPS was associated with increased risk of adverse pathology for men enrolled on active surveillance (AS) who later underwent RP.

METHODS
All AS patients at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) were identified who had Gleason score (GS) 3+3 or low volume (≤33% positive cores) GS 3+4 PCa, GPS testing at diagnostic or confirmatory biopsy, clinical stage T1/T2, PSA <20, and clinical Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score <6. The primary outcome was adverse pathology, defined as GS ≥4+3, stage ≥pT3a or pN1. The secondary outcome was biochemical recurrence, defined as 2 consecutive PSA measurements >0.05 ng/mL following RP.

RESULTS
Of 215 men, 83% (N=179) were low risk, and 17% (N=36) were intermediate risk by CAPRA scoring. Median GPS was 26.4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 18.8, 34.6). In multivariate analysis, higher GPS was associated with increased risk of adverse pathology at delayed RP (Hazard Ratio [HR] per 5 units: 1.16, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.06, 1.26, p<.01). Higher GPS was also associated with increased risk of biochemical recurrence (HR per 5 units: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.21, p=0.04).

CONCLUSIONS
In patients who undergo radical prostatectomy after a period on active surveillance, like those undergoing immediate prostatectomy, a higher GPS is associated with increased risk for adverse pathology. GPS is also associated with biochemical recurrence following RP in such patients.


In 1935, as the Nazis' state-of-the art eugenics exhibition from the Deutsches Hygiene Museum was concluding its American tour, a decision had to be made about whether to return the displays to Germany or to house them in an American museum. After the American Academy of Medicine decided against the display because of its political implications, the director of the Buffalo Museum of Science, Carlos Cummings, himself a physician, offered his institution as the exhibition's permanent home. "What is the astounding eugenics program upon which Chancellor Hitler has launched the German people?" Cummings wondered aloud. "As a matter of public interest, without endorsement," he added, "the Museum will display in the Central Hall throughout this final quarter of 1935, a set of fifty-one posters and charts . . . which gives Americans a graphic explanation of Germany's campaign to rear in posterity 'a new race nobility.'" Seven years later, with war raging, the museum received permission from the company that had insured the exhibition, to dismantle it from its permanent home in the museum's Hall of Heredity. An exhibition about eugenics, Nazi eugenics no less, that had been enthusiastically received as it had traveled the United States in the mid-1930s, had seemingly fallen victim to the war against eugenics launched by cultural anthropologists and geneticists. In light of the broad scholarship on eugenics, this certainly would be a plausible reading of the deinstallation of the Nazi eugenics exhibition. But the three books under review here suggest a more complex reading, one that suggests that eugenics and racism, considered as ideological systems, were less easily dislodged from American culture than from Buffalo's Museum of Science.


The drought of 2015 in Moldova region has sharpened the lack of water in the area. Even in normal years, in terms of precipitation is shortage of water. Concerns to supplement water availability in the Bahlui river basin there is since the late nineteenth century. The article describes a solution for increasing the volume of water in Iasi region by taking from Moldova and Siret rivers . The water will be transferred from the catchment basin of the Siret in Bahlui river utilizing existing waterways and the shortest route for the underground headrace required. Level difference between basins will be used to produce hydroelectric power. Water transfered in Bahlui will be used, including after storage in tanks located on hillsides with pumps using water hammer effect.


This paper analyses the use of exact offline optimization methods for benchmarking online taxi dispatching strategies where the objective is to minimize the total passenger waiting time. First, a general framework for simulating dynamic transport services in MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation) is described. Next, the model of online taxi dispatching is defined, followed by a formulation of the offline problem as a mixed integer programming problem. Three benchmarks based on the offline problem are presented and compared to two simple heuristic strategies and a hypothetical simulation with teleportation of idle taxis. The benchmarks are evaluated and compared using the simulation scenario of taxi services in the city of Mielec. The obtained (approximate) lower and upper bounds for the minimum total passenger waiting time indicate directions for further research.


Energy conservation is a critical issue in wireless mul tihop ad-hoc networks, which have nodes powered by bat- teries only. One major metric for energy conservation is that all nodes participate in relaying requests which may be opposite to its interest but can be a solution for extending the network lifetime. We proposed a distributed algorithm which gurabtuees a cooperation between the nodes in func tion of their energy provision. We focus in this paper on the exploitation of nodes mobility. Experiments results show the impact of nodes mobility on the behavior of our proposed algorithm.


Lost in a world of jargon? Bamboozled by acronyms? Unsure of what your colleagues or therapist is talking about? Then fear not. You are not alone. Andrew Gordon is a seasoned service user who thinks services and the public sector have gone jargon‐mad. In a frank and hard‐hitting article he uncovers a world where professionals are so intimidated by abbreviations and terminology they are afraid to speak out and ask the unthinkable, 'excuse me what does that acronym actually mean?'


This report summarizes the major findings of a survey of online searching education and training practices in American schools of library and information science.1 Objectives of the survey were to obtain data concerning teaching the use of online technical processing systems for reference service; course content and other characteristics of consciousness raising instruction as well as advanced instruction in online searching for reference purposes; physical resources; methods of financing; and opinions of faculty regarding the future of instruction in online searching. The results of the survey identified a variety of philosophies, goals, and practices. Three major educational patterns are discussed: the "Single Online Course" approach, the "Large Component" approach, and the "Integrated" approach. Although most educators favor an integrated approach as an eventual goal, very few schools follow this pattern in practice today. Continuing education for library school faculty is strongly recommended.


Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection caused by the fungi dermatophytes. In the past few years there has been a marked increase in the chronic, recurrent and difficult to treat cases of dermatophytosis in India. Many attribute it to misuse of oral antifungals and the use of topical corticosteroids. We have conducted a prospective study to assess the effect of topical corticosteroid in the culture yield and treatment outcomes in tinea.


A PH.D THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE AND ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, IBADAN NIGERIA. IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PH.D).


Literature is a powerful medium to comprehend the factors affecting the Sustainable Developmental Goals framed by the United Nations. This Paper examines violence in modern literature especially in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot and Harold Pinter's The Birthday Party. The violence in the plays demonstrates the effect of the World Wars during which there has been a drastic change in people's psyche. The two consecutive World Wars had contributed to the extreme form of violence. Through the modernist approach to the plays, the forms of violence are traced out. Verbal, physical, and psychological violence are explored in the plays. Violence is undetachable from these plays to an extent that the playwrights have incorporated humor as a powerful tool to hide its impact. The atmosphere, language, tone, tools, and attitude are loaded with violence. The violence addressed in the plays illustrates how peace is destroyed. The paper elaborates on the reason behind a comparative analysis of these literary works, the violence portrayed in the plays reflecting the psyche of a modern human being in a Post-World War II scenario, and it helps in creating awareness on violence prevailing in the society and the necessity for peace.


Nitrogen in wastewater causes many problems in receiving water such as eutrophication and algae bloom. Wastewater problems from the seafood industry are a common and wide spread, especially in the south of Thailand. The seafood industry generally generates large quantity of wastewater containing high concentrations of organic, nitrogen, and solid matter. The wastewater needs to be properly treated before disposal. Constructed wetland can be used for tertiary treatment and nutrient recycling. This research studied the nitrogen removal efficiency of a laboratory scale experiment constructed wetland using cattail (Typha augustifolia) at different HRT at 5, 10, and 15 days and another experimental control unit at 10 day HRT without cattail. The constructed wetland units received wastewater from the oxidation pond of a seafood factory located in Songkhla, Southern Thailand. Average Temperature, pH, DO, BOD5, SS, TKN, NH3-N, Org-N, NO3-N and NO2-N of influent were found to be 28C, 7.1, 2.3, 92, 457, 64.86, 59.55, 4.71, 1.58 and 26.03 mg/l, respectively. From the experimental results, BOD5 and SS removal efficiencies of 85 and 95% were achieved even at 5 day HRT. TKN and NH3-N removal efficiencies of about 60% were found in all experimental units. Furthermore, it was shown that effluent from 5, 10, 15 day HRT constructed wetlands could meet the Industry Effluent Standard enacted by the Ministry of Industry, Thailand. Constructed wetland can be used as tertiary treatment for wastewater from the seafood industry.


This publication introduces a selection of paintings from 1996 to 2002 by artist Bureau and analytical texts by three authors. Emphasizing the relevance of his paintings in the age of new media, Tougas focuses on how Bureau uses words and the figure of the viewer. Larivee discusses the artist's multidisciplinary practice whereas Fortin highlights the questions raised by the work's "poetic figurativity." Includes notes by the artist (6 p.). Texts in French and English; biographical notes on artist and authors. List of works. 5 bibl. ref.


A fundamental operational solution of the lossless Burgers' equation is used to derive the spectrum of a two‐frequency CW source of finite amplitude as a function of range. The resulting expression is then generalized to the case of a multiple N‐frequency CW source of finite amplitude. The region of validity of these solutions is determined by specifying the critical ranges at which the wavefronts become discontinuous. Finally, a modification of these omnidirectional solutions which makes them applicable to directive sources is briefly discussed.


This article discusses the 'non-traditional music' (NTM) student in secondary education in the United States as a unique population of students who are 'nonparticipants' in traditional music ensembles. Through the use of current music technology, teachers are offering technology-based music classes (TBMCs) and are successfully engaging NTM students in performing, recording and composing. Eight attributes are proposed to characterize NTMs. An estimate of the non-participant music population and the validity of the proposed NTM attributes are examined through an analysis of anecdotal and empirical data from several extant studies. The results suggest that these attributes reasonably describe NTMs with some modification. NTMs are in the sixth through twelfth grades, do not typically participate in traditional performing ensembles, and most likely do not read standard music


A number of waste transfers are needed to process and feed waste to the private contractors in support of Phase 1 Privatization. Other waste transfers are needed to support the 242-A Evaporator, saltwell pumping, and other ongoing Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) operations. The purpose of this evaluation is to determine if existing or planned equipment and systems are capable of supporting the Privatization Mission of the Tank Farms and continuing operations through the end of Phase 1B Privatization Mission. Projects W-211 and W-314 have been established and will support the privatization effort. Equipment and system upgrades provided by these projects (W-211 and W-314) will also support other ongoing operations in the tank farms. It is recognized that these projects do not support the entire transfer schedule represented in the Tank Waste Remediation system Operation and Utilization Plan. Additionally, transfers surrounding the 241-AW farm must be considered. This evaluation is provided as information, which will help to define transfer paths required to complete the Waste Feed Delivery (WFD) mission. This document is not focused on changing a particular project, but it is realized that new project work in the 241-AW Tank Farm is required.


Based on the fuzziness of real estate transaction cases and quantization the differences of factors,by means of fuzzy comprehensive assessment method,using fuzzy neartude to determine weight,the establishment of evaluation model to revise the price of assessment,makes real estate appraisal more objective,more accurate and more reasonable.


Graft copolymers of poly (ethylene glycol) with poly (methacrylic acid) were prepared by reaction of poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate macromonomer with methacrylic acid in the presence of tetraeth-ylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinking agent. The materials were swollen in aqueous solutions with the pH ranging from 1.5 to 12.0. Dynamic swelling studies were performed. The swelling rates were lowest in copolymer networks with 1: 1 ratios of ethylene oxide to methacrylic acid. These results were attributed to the combined effects of diffusion and complex dissociation during swelling. Solute release studies were carried out to investigate the effect of pH and swelling on the release behavior. Lowest solute release rates were observed in complex-forming networks, verifying the relationship between complexation, swelling and solute permeability.


Damage to coral reef ecosystems is a major problem on the islands of Gili Air and Gili Trawangan. This will have an impact on the presence of reef fish in the area. This study aims to look how much relation caused by associated between live coral cover and reef fish in Gili Air and Gili Trawangan island.. This research method using Line Intersept Transect (LIT), Underwater Visual Census and simple linear regression analysis to know the relation. The percentage of coral cover on Gili Air Island and Gili Trawangan Island on reef flats (1-5 m) is 11.75% and 11.67% respectively, on the reef slopes (6-10 m) the percentage is 50.4% and 48.9%. In addition we observed the existence of 11 families reef fish. The abundance of reef fish on Gili Air and Gili Trawangan islands on reefs flat with an average of 0,406 ind / m 2 and 0,137 ind / m 2 , on the reef slope on average - respectively 0,434 ind / m 2 and 0,274 ind / m 2 . The determinant value in Southern part of both island indicates a value close to +1 and in Northern part of both island indicates a value close to -1.