We describe a new, improved longitudinal space-charge electric field calculation for particle beams with periodic modulation of the charge density. Whereas the usual method assumes long bunches with constant transverse cross-section, the new algorithm applies to long or short bunches with arbitrary binomial transverse distribution and incorporates dynamical corrections to the usual static approximation. The algorithm has been coded in Fortran and been made an option of the particle tracking program LONG1D. Based on tracking studies, it is concluded that these improvements to the physics model are most important for short bunches with high synchrotron frequency and high-order longitudinal multipole content.


In this study, full-waveform LiDAR data were exploited to detect weak returns backscattered by the bare terrain underneath vegetation canopies and thus improve the generation of a digital terrain model (DTM). Building on the methods of progressive generation of triangulation irregular network (TIN) model reported in the literature, we proposed an integrated approach where echo detection, terrain identification, and TIN generation were carried out iteratively. The proposed method was tested on a dataset collected by a Riegl LMS Q-560 scanner over a study area near Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada (46°33′56′′N, 83°25′18′′W). The results demonstrated that more terrain points under shrubs could be identified, and the generated DTMs exhibited more details in the terrain than those obtained using the progressive TIN method. In addition, 1275 points across this study area were surveyed on the ground and used to validate the proposed approach. The estimated elevations were shown to have a strong linear relationship with the measured ones, with R2 values above 0.98, and the RMSEs (Root Mean Squared Errors) between them were less than 0.15 m even for areas with hilly terrains underneath vegetation canopies.


This study examined whether calorie labels introduced in NYC chain restaurants in 2008 affected food purchases of lower income adults in NYC and Newark, NJ. The study sample included 1,170 adults who ate at 4 chain restaurants in NYC and Newark before and after labeling began in NYC. Receipts were analyzed for types of foods and beverages purchased and adults were surveyed about frequency of fast food consumption. Linear and logistic regression, difference‐in‐difference analysis, and predicted probabilities were calculated. No favorable differences in food purchases and fast food consumption between NYC and Newark were found. More adults ordered caloric beverages and regular salad dressing after labeling in NYC compared to Newark (p<0.05). In a subset of NYC adults who reported noticing and using menu labels, more adults purchased salads (19% vs. 8%, p<0.05) and had fewer visits to fast food restaurants compared to adults who did not notice the labels (4.9 vs. 6.6 meals per week, p<0.05). Results were similar in adults who reported noticing but not using labels. Efforts to promote awareness of menu labels are needed to enhance their efficacy.


Abstract : The theory and technique of estimating power spectral densities by Fraunhofer diffraction are investigated analytically and experimentally. A technique for estimating the spectral density is developed by which the estimate is independent of changing light levels in the diffraction system. It is shown that the estimated spectrum is biased and in the case of a rectangular aperture, the error can be written in terms of the Hilbert transforms of the spectrum. The variability of the estimate is computed and the ratio of the variance to square mean is shown to approach unity for large apertures, indicating the need for smoothing by additional filtering. Reasonable bounds on the bandwidth of the scanning filter are established theoretically. The experimental results are found consistent with the theoretical evaluations. Techniques for reducing the zero-order light level are investigated. The spectral densities of several common photographic films are experimentally determined and compared with models of grain-noise and total film-noise.


This paper examines the effects of rarefaction and dissipation on flow and heat transfer characteristics in rotating micro devices. The housing is assumed to be at uniform temperature while the rotating surface is insulated. Thus heat generation and transfer are due to viscous dissipation only. An analytic solution is obtained for the velocity and temperature distribution in the gas filled concentric clearance between a rotating shaft and its stationary housing. The solution is valid in the slip flow and temperature jump domain defined by the Knudsen number range of Kn < 0.1. The Nusselt number was found to depend on three parameters: the Knudsen number Kn, ratio of housing to shaft radius ro / ri , and Prandtl number-specific heat ratio group γ/(γ + 1) Pr. Results indicate that curvature and Knudsen number have significant effect on the Nusselt number. However, fluid temperature rise due to dissipation is negligible.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The primary focus of this paper is to apply Discourse Type theory to stand-up comedy. To achieve this, the study postulates two contexts in stand-up joking stories: context of the joke and context in the joke. The context of the joke, which is inflexible, embodies the collective beliefs of stand-up comedians and their audience, while the context in the joke, which is dynamic, is manifested by joking stories and it is made up of the joke utterance, participants in the joke and activity/situation in the joke. In any routine, the context of the joke interacts with the context in the joke and vice versa. For analytical purpose, the study derives data from the routines of male and female Nigerian stand-up comedians. The analysis reveals that stand-up comedians perform discourse types, which are specific communicative acts in the context of the joke, such as greeting/salutation, reporting and informing, which bifurcates into self-praising and self denigrating.


The human behavior course is an ideal venue for delivery of human rights content, since the human rights philosophy and the person-in-environment perspective align with each other. With the goal of supporting efforts to meet the human rights competency in the most recent version of accreditation standards, this manuscript describes the three core concepts of the human rights philosophy and their relevance for the micro, mezzo, and macrolevels of the person-in-environment perspective. Further, the benefits and challenges of integrating these three concepts in the human behavior course are discussed.


In the 1980s preparatory mechanical excavations for a new phase of building development at Baldock, Hertfordshire, revealed Romano-British inhumations. Subsequent excavations recovered 122 burials, which have been attributed to the fourth century AD.

The material was submitted to the Calvin Wells Laboratory, University of Bradford, for detailed skeletal examination. This paper discusses the oral pathology identified and quantified for this relatively small but discrete population sample. The analysis and recording system devised for this exercise indicate that caries was the most serious prevalent dental disease affecting the majority of the individuals of all age groups. The project attempted to integrate the dental pathological evidence with documentary and artefactual evidence for oral hygiene and dentistry in the Roman period.


Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe and compare scoring patterns on the Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB&M) in healthy men and women between 30 and 59 years of age. Methods: Following criterion testing on 5 individuals, 90 healthy volunteers who met the inclusion criteria and consented to participate in the study were tested on the CB&M. The subjects were recruited through quota sampling in three age categories: 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, and 50 to 59 years, with 15 men and 15 women in each age category. The groups were not matched for any anthropometric variables. Results: Women within the age category of 50 to 59 years had significantly lower scores on the CB&M compared with all other age and gender categories. Conclusions: The results from this study indicate that although the items on the CB&M were appropriate for the 30- to 59-year age categories, some items still posed a challenge to healthy participants because most were unable to score full points on the CB&M. The normat...


Interview with Herschel Blackwell regarding his experiences as a member of VP-14 a Kaneohe Naval Air Station during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941.


Chemical components of essential oil in Periploca sepium root bark were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer and thus 15 compounds were isolated;then ten of the compounds were identified to be 4-methoxysalicylaldehyde,butyl acetate,2-methyl-1,3-dioxy-cyclopentyl acetate,S-[8-(diethylphosphono)octyl] ethanethioate,1,1,3,3,-tetrabutoxy-2-propanone,4-methyl-2-pentanone,butyl formate,1-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-butane,and 2-butoxyretrahydropyran,butyl ether,which accounted for(94.91%) of the essential oil.The insecticidal activity of the essential oil was tested with Schizaphis graminum and the test results indicated that the essential oil had strong insecticidal activity to the test insect.


There are a lot of different factors affecting the market value of properties. However, to the best of my knowledge, there has been no study on the effect of brutal murders in apartments on their market values and the market values of nearby properties. This study attempts to examine the effects of murders on property prices of nearby units and how such effects change over time. In a Chinese society, a murder is believed to have a bad influence on the feng shui of the property, and thus diminishes its market value. This effect will also spread to nearby properties, and thereby creates a negative externality. This external effect is likely to be much more noticeable in high development density areas such as Hong Kong, where residential units are predominately high-rise apartments. Five murder cases that occurred in high density housing estates were chosen for analysis. The results showed that not only were the property values of the incident apartments negatively affected, but the negative impact also extended to nearby apartments. After the murder cases were revealed to the public, the price levels of all the units within the same building of the incident property declined. Moreover, this adverse effect is sometimes so strong that nearby buildings (within the same estate) were also affected. Furthermore, the magnitude of this negative effect is directly related to distance from the incident property. The effect diminishes as the


A discussion is presented of three categories of emerging services that are expected to be supported by the BISDN: switched multimegabit data service (SMDS), video distribution services, and multimedia services. Motivation and definition of SMDS, telecommunications network-provided video services, and multimedia applications are covered. The transport, switching, signaling, and control requirements of these services are discussed. The BISDN architecture that may be deployed in the early-to-mid 1990s is described. The ability of BISDN to meet the functional requirements of broadband services is assessed.<<ETX>>


The present invention provides a Si-containing film forming composition used to form a Si-containing film in a vapor-based deposition process. SOLUTION: As a precursor, the formula (SiH3) 2N-SiH2-X (wherein X is a halogen atom; isocyanato group; amino group; C4-C10 saturated or unsaturated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring; or alkoxy group) A Si-containing film-forming composition comprising a monosubstituted TSA precursor selected from: 【Selection chart】 None


The aim of the present paper is to discuss some specific differences between four modern pronunciation dictionaries of the German language: the Großes Wörterbuch der deutschen Aussprache of 1982, DUDEN Aussprachewörterbuch of 2000, Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch of 2009, and DUDEN Aussprachewörterbuch of 2015. This paper focuses on the principles of entry selection and lemmatization in diverse vocabulary groups (such as compounds, prefixed verbs, female noun forms denoting persons and professions, multiword expressions, foreign words, and inflected forms of individual word classes). Furthermore, sources used by the dictionaries' authors in order to obtain entries are briefly discussed.


The effects of annealing and aging processes on transformation behavior of thelow-temperature superelasticity alloy Ti-50.8Ni-0.3Cr(atomic fraction,%) were investigated withdifferential scanning calorimetry.The A→R/R→A(A-parent phase,R-R phase) type reversibletransformation occurred in the 350-450℃annealed alloy upon cooling/heating,the A→R→M/M→R→A(M-martensite) type occurred in the 500℃annealed alloy,the A→R→M/M→A typeoccurred in 550-600℃annealed alloy,and no transformation occurred in the above 650℃annealedalloy.The effect of the annealing time on transformation behavior of the alloy is not serious.Withincreasing aging time t_(ag),the transformation type of 300℃aged alloy still is A→R/R→A,the one of400℃aged alloy changes from A→R/R→A to A→R→M/M→R→A,and the one of 500℃aged alloychanges from A→R→M / M→R→A to A→R→M/M→A.With increasing annealing temperature,the R transformation temperature(θ_R) of the alloy increases first and then decreases,the Mtransformation temperature(θ_M) increases,and the M temperature hysteresise(△θ_M) decreases.After aging at 300-500℃.theθ_R~(400)θ_R~(300)θ_R~(500).With increasing t_(ag),theθ_R andθ_M increase fast firstand then tend to stable,and the△θ_M decreases fast first and then tends to stable.The R temperaturehysteresises in both the annealed and aged alloys are about 4℃.


Objectives. To determine patterns of premenstrual symptom experiences across the reproductive age range, and the effects of other factors on premenstrual symptoms. Study design. Global cross-sectional survey. Sample. A total of 7226 women aged 15–49 recruited by random sampling with approximately 400 each from France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain, UK, Brazil, Mexico, Hong Kong, Pakistan and Thailand. Approximately 1000 women in Japan and Korea and 500 Australian women were found using Internet panels. Main outcome measures. Questionnaire of 23 premenstrual symptoms, sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. Results. Four different patterns of premenstrual symptoms were found with ageing: symptoms showing no change with age, symptoms decreasing with age, symptoms reaching a maximum just before or around age 35, and symptoms reaching a maximum around age 40–44. Smoking was associated with an increase in most of the premenstrual symptoms. Increasing parity was associated with a decrease in some of the symptoms. Conclusions. These results suggest that the premenstrual symptoms most associated with the years of regular ovulatory cycles are skin disorders, lack of energy, appetite problems, joint/muscle/back pain, anger, abdominal bloating, depressed mood and irritability. Other symptoms which peaked later (swelling of extremities, breast tenderness/pain, weight gain) may reflect exacerbation by hormonal changes of the late reproductive/early menopausal transition. Smokers report more problematic premenstrual symptoms.


This paper established the indicator system of the urbanization dynamic mechanism,including six aspects,such as economic development,living level,administrative division,transport construction,market opening and rural basis,and then evaluated the comprehensive values of every aspects using AHP.According to the grey relational analysis,the authors discussed the dynamic mechanism of slow urbanization in Heilongjiang Province.The results showed that the economic development,living level,rural basis and transport construction were the main factors,but the influence of the administrative division and market opening were not strong.The results also showed that the influences in the waning and the urbanization dynamic mechanism were tending to balance.


The Taymyr Peninsula constitutes the eastern delimitation of a possible Kara Sea basin ice sheet. The existence of such an ice sheet during the last global glacial maximum (LGM), i.e. during the Late Weichselian/Upper Zyryansk, is favoured by some Russian scientists. However, a growing number of studies point towards a more minimalistic view concerning the areal extent of Late Weichselian/Upper Zyryansk Siberian glaciation. Investigations carried out by us along the central Byrranga Mountains and in the Taymyr Lake basin south thereof, reject the possibility of a Late Weichselian/Upper Zyryansk glaciation of this area. Our conclusion is based on the following: Dating of a continuous lacustrine sediment sequence at Cape Sabler on the Taymyr Lake shows that it spans at least the period 39–17 ka BP. Even younger ages have been reported, suggesting that this lacustrine environment prevailed until shortly before the Holocene. The distribution of these sediments indicates the existence of a paleo‐Taymyr lake reaching c. 60 m above present sea level. A reconnaissance of the central part of the Byrranga Mountains gave no evidence of any more recent glacial coverage. The only evidence of glaciation — an indirect one — is deltaic sequences around 100–120 m a.s.l., suggesting glacio‐isostatic depression and a large input of glacial meltwater from the north. However, 14C and ESR datings of these marine sediments suggest that they are of Early Weichselian/Lower Zyryansk or older age. As they are not covered by till and show no glaciotectonic disturbances, they support our opinion that there was no Late Weichselian/Lower Zyryansk glaciation in this area. We thus suggest that the Taymyr Peninsula was most probably glaciated during the early part of the last glacial cycle (when there was only small‐ to mediumscale glaciation in Scandinavia), but not glaciated during the later part of that cycle (which had the maximum ice‐sheet coverage over north‐western Europe). This fits a climatic scenario suggesting that the Taymyr area, like most of Siberia, would come into precipitation shadow during times with large‐scale ice‐sheet coverage of Scandinavia and the rest of north‐western Europe.


The micro wire formed by self-assembling of the small molecular 2-anthracen-9-ylmethylene malononitrile (AYM) was used as the template for preparing the composite of polyaniline(PAni) and AYM(PAni/AYM). The micro PAni tube was obtained after removing AYM by CH_2Cl_2.The effect of reaction time and the concentration of dopant HCl on morphology and properties was studied by SEM,FTIR,XRD and TGA.It was shown that when the reaction time is 12h and the C(HC1) reached 0.1mol/1,the micro PAni tubes with 1~2μm in diameter and tens of micrometers in length could be received.The thermal stability of PAni tubes is slightly higher than PAni paticles.The electric conductivity of micro PAni tube increased as the C(HCl) increased,the conductivity is about 1.19×10~(-2)S/cm while C(HC1) is 0.1mol/L.


Entrepreneur is the soul and the core of firms. The unsatisfied reform in Chinese state-owned firms can mainly owed to the scarcity of entrepreneurs who own entrepreneurial spirit and flair, and to the root of entrepreneur scarcity-unreasonable institution system. This essay will analyze the institutional root of entrepreneur scarcity and rebuild the state-owned firms' institution system to produce a large number of entrepreneurs.


This paper proposes a comprehensive framework to enable autonomous vehicles (AVs) with the highest priority (e.g., ambulances) to perform lane change maneuvers timely and continuously to achieve speed benefits without compromising safety. This type of vehicles can override traffic rules and drive at high speeds when necessary. The proposed framework comprises three parts: a decision-making layer, a motion planning layer, and a safety filter for the controller. The discrete decisions are coordinated by a speed-oriented finite state machine (FSM). Once the decision has been made, model predictive control (MPC) is utilized for planning and control, ensuring safety guarantees. Safety filters are constructed as longitudinal and lateral constraints by decoupled and discrete control barrier functions (DCBFs), combined with MPC, making it a convex optimization problem. Specifically, the region of interest (ROI) is employed to determine the range of the activation of lateral constraints. The proposed framework is tested through comparative numerical simulations, demonstrating its ability to gain speed and ensure safety across randomly generated driving scenarios. Additionally, some emergency scenarios have been considered in the experiment.


Abstract The optimal premium control in a non-life insurance business is determined using dynamic programming techniques. The optimality is measured in terms of solvency and a sufficient smoothing of the premium and the surplus variations in time.


The design and performance of an MMIC burst oscillator that oscillates only while the driving pulse is applied are described. Since it does not generate carrier leak, a UWB radar using this oscillator may effectively mitigate interference with services using the restricted frequency band by locating its spectrum sufficiently far from the band.


To lysis the energy crisis and the increasingly serious problem of circumstances,biologic matter and coal mixing burning is the main subject for study at present.The following writing presents the study ways,superiority,burning specific property and study conclusion of biologic matter and coal mixing burning.


333 Serous Meningitis and Infectious Mononucleosis The former concept of " serous meningitis" was abandoned when the bacterial origin of inflammatory processes was demonstrated, but more recently some cases of " aseptic meningitis" have been recorded. A. HECHT JOHANSEN (Acta Med. Scand., July 27th, 1931, p. 269) records a case of infectious mononucleosis in which grave meningeal symptoms occurred at the onset of the illness; Johansen considers that the sequence of symptoms may assist in elucidating the etiology of this condition. A man, aged 28, was admitted to hospital suffering from " continued fever." Two weeks earlier he had had severe headache, drowsiness,, and impairment of memory. He worked for one week, in spite of increasing headache and a morning temperature of 100.40 F., which rose at night to 102° or 1030. There were no rigors or sweating. He lay curled up, with closed eyes, and complained of agonizing headache. There was lassitude and some stupor with nuchal rigidity, but no dysphagia or sore throat, and no evidence of visceral disease, ear involvement, or ophthalmoplegia. Kernig's sign was present. The cerebrospinal fluid was clear but under pressure, and the cell count was increased ; no bacteria were found, and the Wassermann reaction was negative for it as well as in the case of the blood. A differential blood count showed a definite lymphocytosis. An acute tonsillitis ensued, with a greyish exudate on tonsils, but no diphtheria bacilli were found. The tonsillar sloughs persisted until the third week after admission. The patient recovered completely after five weeks' illness. Johansen suggests that other cases regarded as " serous meningitis " associated with sore throat were actually cases of infectious mononucleosis, and that blood examinations should always be made.


In addition to the earlier[1] demonstrated C–O bond elongation between the anionic carbon atom and oxygen in α-lithiated ethers which indicates a carbenoid character of these compounds we provide further evidence for this property in this publication. Thus, α-lithiated ethers RCH(Li)–OR' react as electrophiles with nucleophiles R' Li to give RCH(Li)–R' + LiOR', and the 13C-NMR signal of the carbenoid C atom is shifted downfield (compared to the 13C signal of the corresponding non-lithiated compound). Since the latter two observations are also made in the Li/Hal carbenoid series, α-lithiated ethers indeed are Li/oxygen carbenoids. Furthermore, for the first time we have calculated the 13C shifts of carbenoid C atoms in the Li/oxygen carbenoid series by means of the IGLO method: the calculated data agree nicely with the experimental ones. They even allow the preferred bridged structure in solution to be determined.


Historians of modern America, not unlike presidential candidates since Jimmy Carter and media pundits today, have focused too much of their energies on where the action appears to be-in Washington, D.C.1 In this essay, I shall examine an economic policy episode during World War II to show that if more historians refocused their efforts, they would discover that modem policy making involves a much more complex evolutionary process than the dominant national focus has revealed. The story of state control of oil production during World War II has been ignored, subsumed, and forgotten within the story of national coordination of petroleum refining and transportation. In fact, regional economic and cultural forces and the ideology of states' rights, promoted by public officials in the Southwest especially, underpinned the emergence of interstate administrative capacities in the control of oil during the 1930s and 1940s. The forces of regionalism, states' rights, and federalism in mid-


Neurospora intermedia N-1 is a fungus isolated from " ncom merah", an Indonesian red peanut cake. It h as been studied for carotenoids production for food and dru g colorant. Commercial production of natural carote noids from microorganisms recently competes mainly with synthe tic carotenoids by chemical procedures. Improving t he efficiency of carotenoid biosynthesis can increase carotenoids production by microorganisms. Some of t he cultural and environmental factors are positively affect car otenoids content of the fungal strains. The objecti v of this study was to evaluate the carotenogenesis of Neurospora i ntermedia N-1 in a liquid fermentation. The ferment ation was started by optimizing the condition with light resp onses, then addition of variated carbon sources at 2 % w/v, cofactor Mg, antibiotics penicillin and chloramphenicol. Carot enoid analysis was carried out by spectrophotometer UV/Vis at 480 nm and HPLC using a C 18 column with acetonitrile: methanol: 2-propanol (85: 10 5) as the mobile phase for isocratic elution. The research result sh owed that fermentation within 3 days incubation in dark condition and 4 days under blue light was better than 7 days in dark condition, and produced carotenoid 8.13 μg/ g spores. Substrate with addition of maltose 2 % w/v and incu bation at aerobic condition produced carotenoid 19. 913 μg/g spores. Stimulation by co-factor Mg 2+ in the ranges concentration below 10 mM increased the total carotenoids up to 24.31 μg/g spores, but decreased when was stimulated highe r than 12 mM. Stimulation by antibiotics penicillin and chloramphenicol at concentration of 1 mg/mL inc reased the β-carotene content. Penicillin influenced more significant to the carotenogenesis of Neurospora in termedia N-1, particularly for β-carotene production up to 17.193 μg/g spores.


The Early Cretaceous (Aptian/Albian) Cedar Mountain Formation of central Utah is composed of approximately 130 meters of an upper silty mudstone unit, the main body (unnamed shale member), and 15 meters of a basal conglomerate and sandstone, the Buckhorn Conglomerate Member. The main body lies unconformably below the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Dakota Formation, while the Buckhorn Member unconformably overlies the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) Morrison Formation. The dominant lithologies of the Buckhorn Member are polymodal sorted well indurated cobble and boulder chert conglomerates and litharenites of varying maturity with chalcedony and calcite cement. In addition, anhydrite-rich (after gypsum) micritic mudstones are present in isolated deposits. The top of the Buckhorn displays a reduction in grain size and interfingers with mudstone of the overlying unit. Varying clast lithologies exist in the Buckhorn. Most abundant are colored cherts containing Late Paleozoic marine genera. Other clasts were derived from Early Mesozoic quartzites and conglomerates. Brown petrified wood pebbles are also common. All clasts are randomly distributed throughout the Buckhorn section. The thickness of the Buckhorn is highly variable within short distances ranging from zero to 32 meters which may be attributed to non-deposition, post-burial erosion, or recent erosion. Laterally, the Buckhorn terminates south of the Henry Mountains region, merges with the lower portion of the Burro Canyon Formation to the east, and merges with several coarse clastic toungues to the north. Westward, the Buckhorn may be correlative with the Indianola Group. The Sevier Belt had become a positive area by the middle of Early Cretaceous time. Paleocurrent data suggest that east to southeast-flowing streams deposited and reworked coarse clastic deposits in the depositional basin. Longitudinal and transverse bar forms are recognized in outcrops and indicate that the Buckhorn was deposited by braided streams. Incomplete fining upward sequences indicate a subsiding basin with pulsations of activity in the Sevier Belt. Periods of quiescence are noted by finer-grained sandstones and local lake deposits. Rejuvenation of upper flow regimes ripped up fragments of the mudstones and deposited them with the overlying conglomerates. The low quantity of mud in the depositional system of coarser clastics precludes debris flows as a mechanism of transport. Instead sheetfloods of low viscosity or hyperconcentration flows of higher viscosity moved the debris. Cross bedding, pebble imbrications, and sandstone channels preclude a non-fluvial mode of deposition. Instead, the Buckhorn was deposited by braided streams with highly variable flow regimes.


The reaction of various nitrones with allenoates proceeds with formation of β-methylenyl-γ-amino esters, which can be further transformed to γ-lactams of type (IV) as substructures of natural products.


A brief, matter of fact description of the main results and conclusions. 300 words MAXIMUM. The first sentence sets the stage, shows importance.


This paper describes some results on transition properties and the absolute capacities of higher order correlation and differential correlation associative memories. First, it is shown that the absolute capacities are (1−¯) 2 2(1−¯2)1−k log N and {2(1−¯ s2)k−1}2 2k+2(1−¯2)1−k logN for correlation and differential correlation models, respectively, where N is the number of neurons, ¯ is the rate of correlation for patterns and k is the dimension. The results show that the absolute capacities approach to 0 rapidly as N increases in both models and they decrease rapidly in the correlation model and slowly in the differential correlation model as ¯ increases. Further, it is clarified that the correlation model is superior in storage capacities and inferior in robustness than the differential correlation one.


The evolution of the concept of "competence" in education, in particular in the field of language didactics, was reflected in the works of linguists and sociolinguists of the late twentieth century, for example, considered the ability to speak a language is a feature of the human brain, part of an innate genetic program. In this sense, competence is something that a subject can perfectly embody by giving his biological potential. The competence is unique and independent. Linguistic competence means an innate universal linguistic predisposition, an ideal internal ability that ultimately explains any linguistic phenomenon put into action. The method of questionnaire survey was used to study the features of philologists working in the education system, namely in secondary schools, lyceums, preschool educational institutions, colleges in Almaty.


In order to protect and utilize the precious trees of subtropics,the enduring waterlogging ability of 55 kinds of trees were researched.The result showed that nine species of trees were not hurted after 73 days of waterlogging.15 species of were resumed after withered and 30 kind of species were perished.16 species of trees were died after waterlogging between 48 to 68 days,15 species of trees were died after waterlogging in 47 days.55 species of trees can seperate in five levels of submergence tolerance.According to the evalution of enduring waterlogging ability test,the enduring waterlogging abilities of different species of trees were compositored.55 species of trees were distinct discrepancy.Some species of trees that have stronger enduring waterlogging ability also have stronger enduring drought ability,some trees have the reversed results.


To the Editor The paper by Yeo et al. makes the case for continuing cardiac rehabilitation (CR) during COVID-19, asserting that there is 'no better time than now for CR providers to explore and implement methods to improve or supplement existing programs'. In a time where conventionally-delivered programmes are being forced to close, some are considering the opportunity to transition towards (or expand) digital health formats. Telehealth – the delivery of care at a distance using information and communication technologies – provides a safe solution for patients, family and staff in the midst of COVID-19. In these unprecedented circumstances, telehealth enables care to be delivered whilst maintaining physical distance, reducing disease transmission and keeping vulnerable cardiac patients and essential staff safe. Whist many CR clinicians may wish to rapidly transition their programmes to telehealth, it is likely they may feel unsure about where to start, and have concerns about the efficacy of remotely delivered CR. We offer the following evidence summary and advice. First, high-quality evidence exists for using telehealth within CR settings, with more than 30 unique telehealth trials conducted internationally. These trials include education (and in some cases supervised exercise) being delivered by telephone, video-conferencing and mobile apps. In the most recent meta-analysis, tele-CR was significantly associated with reduced hospitalisations and cardiac events (risk ratio1⁄4 0.56, 95% confidence interval1⁄4 0.39–0.81, p< 0.001) compared with usual care. Therefore, delivering CR remotely can be highly efficacious. Further, cost efficacy data are also available. Like face-to-face delivered CR, however, questions remain regarding the number and frequency of contacts required. With regard to advice, before starting to use telehealth within CR, consider both clinical and patientrelated needs, and the technology available for delivery. Much can be achieved over the phone, such as: setting goals, delivering self-management advice and counselling. Email can be used for assessment and monitoring a patient's progress, such as reviewing activity data tracked on a patient's phone. Text messaging (SMS) can also be used to promote engagement and adherence. Mobile health (mHealth) can also be used to tailor messages to the individual based on their goals. However, it must be mentioned that there is much more to learn about what makes mHealth applications appealing and how these interventions can be used for long-term cardiovascular disease management. Videoconferencing offers the additional advantage of enabling providers to see and hear their patients (and vice versa); it can enable you to develop a therapeutic rapport, get a sense of a patient's health and well-being, supervise exercise remotely (either through videoconferencing software demonstrated by Hwang et al. or via a bespoke telerehabilitation platform and remote monitoring devices demonstrated by Maddison et al.) and provide feedback and support, as well as share screens and files for educational and counselling purposes and to illustrate required actions. Videoconferencing also allows for groups, therefore enhancing efficiency and providing the opportunity for participants to share experiences. Many regulatory bodies have provided recommendations regarding privacy-compliant platforms to use for delivering healthcare – these should be complied with and are


The Neuse Regional Beekeepers and Stanley County Beekeepers were GAP chapters with Neuse Regional Beekeepers receiving the top recognition. The Haywood County Beekeepers did a great job hosting the event and their efforts were well appreciated. Good job to everyone who participated in the contests and congratulations to all of those who received ribbons. The President's Message Rick Coor North Carolina Bee Buzz


Abstract Live weights of fish produced in three hatcheries of central and northern Indiana were about 75 pounds per acre of largemouth and smallmouth black bass, 105 pounds of spotted or Kentucky bass, and 210 pounds of bluegills and redear sunfish. An experimental pond of year-old bluegills and redear sunfish increased in weight by 366 pounds per acre. The total annual production of warm-water fish for stocking in Indiana is estimated as about 16 tons.


Background: Rapid modernisation and fast urbanisation has led to rapid filling of urban areas and increased rise in migrant population in urban areas. Water  is indispensible for survival of human beings  thus providing safe  drinking water is one of the most  basic component of urban planning .1.8 Million people die of diarrhoea each year  out of which majority are under 5 children and 88%  of these under 5 deaths  are due to unsafe drinking water (1). This study intends to assess the quality of drinking water. Methods: A Cross sectional Study was conducted in Maralur and Maralur Dinne which are under the field practice area of Sri Siddhartha Medical College in Tumkur district of Karnataka. Results: Municipal water supply was used by 79% of the people in the study. No treatment method was used  for purification of water by 81% of households.32% of people used earthen vessel to store water for drinking.68% of people dipped glass in vessel using  hands to take water for drinking.46% of people had no knowledge about any disease caused by impure drinking water. Only 55 % of households cleaned their water storage vessels once a week. Conclusions: Source of drinking water supply from municipality and wells were unfit for consumption. Storage methods of drinking water are conducive for growth of pathogens.  Knowledge about various diseases caused by impure drinking water is also poor. Hence drinking water supply is a challenge in urban settings.


This paper presents a range of similar experiences that relate to the lives of intersex people. These experiences often include non-disclosure by medical professionals and parents about their intersex diagnosis, supposedly to facilitate the child's acceptance of their assigned sex. In the past, medical professionals have often only disclosed part of the diagnosis to parents, so it is difficult for parents to have the information they need to inform their children about their intersex condition. This paper moves the discussion from this common intersex narrative to discuss the depictions of intersex characters in mainstream contemporary fictional accounts. Some fictional depictions of intersex characters include the issue of non-disclosure in the narrative, others depict very rare intersex conditions, and others present an alternative and preferred method for medical professionals to manage intersex births. It is argued that narratives that reflect the experiences of the majority of intersex people are needed, to authentically mirror their lives. These narratives are needed in order to challenge the taboos associated with this topic and to increase understanding about the issues.


This paper reports on reactively sputtered Ta-Si-N films that are investigated as diffusion barriers between silicon and Au layers. Analyses by backscattering spectrometry and electrical measurements on shallow n{sup +}p junction diodes reveal that an amorphous Ta{sub 36}Si{sub 14}N{sub 50} thin film approximately 100 nm thick very effectively preserves the integrity of the metallization on shallow junctions up to 30 min annealing at 750{degrees} C in vacuum. (The Au-Si eutectic is at 360{degrees} C). At that temperature small openings appear in the Au overlayer which do not, however, affect the electrical characteristics of the diodes. Destructive metallurgical interactions occur at higher temperatures causing a shorting of the shallow junction diodes.


Abstract The meridional atmospheric teleconnections over the central North Pacific Ocean during winter are investigated by correlating the year-to-year fluctuations in the convective activity at the Equator, mid-latitude pressure/wind system, and subtropical pressure/wind system from 1950 to 1972. To establish fluctuations in these climatological systems, we consider the 23-yr time sequences of the maximum strength of the subtropical ridge, maximum intensity of the Aleutian Low, and strength of convective activity at the Equator, the latter inferred from the rainfall and sea-surface temperature at Canton Island (2°48′S, 171°43′W) observed by numerous authors to be representative of rainfall and sea-surface temperature over the entire central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Upon cross correlation of these time sequences, we find that, throughout the two decades from 1950 to 1972, the intensity of the subtropical ridge and of the Aleutian Low were significantly correlated with one another (−0.50) as w...


Bank Indonesia is an independent Central Bank in carrying out its duties and powers. Regarding the authority to issue and circulate Rupiah currency, a plan for printing money and the composition of the money to be printed is required for the next one year. Inflow and outflow forecasting can be used to estimate people's money needs. The purpose of this study is to predict the inflow and outflow of currency in Jember using the ARIMAX method with calendar variations. The majority of religions in Indonesia are Islam, in this regard, the Eid al-Fitr is used as a calendar variation. Besides, the inflow and outflow spikes occurred between a month before and a month after Eid al-Fitr.


ABSTRACT This study focuses on the analysis of management theories of the 19 th and early 20 th centuries that are commonly referred to as classical organization theories. These ideas are contrasted with the human relations school of thought that achieved great popularity in the 1930s and 1940s. The study asserts that there are valuable lessons that modern public bureaucracies and other public institutions can draw from these early theoretical frameworks. Public organizations molded on the classical organizational management theoretical perspectives have proven remarkably stable in different circumstances around the world. However, they are now increasingly expected to adapt to new and unforeseen circumstances by integrating the foundations inherited from the past and the lessons learnt over the past three decades. Such an approach will enable public institutions to adapt to rapid changing circumstances and in the process be well equipped to meet the demands of their citizens at the levels of theory and practice.  Key words: classical organization theory, human relations perspectives, rationality, rule of law, public administration.


We who participated in the Fourth Congress of Central American Sociology, which took place in Managua in July 1980, can testify to the happy and optimistic atmosphere of those days closely following the first anniversary of the triumph of the Sandinista Revolution. We all shared the feeling of happiness and of national independence. Dark clouds were not absent, of course, but the optimism in the wake of victory was intoxicating. In some respects, the Nicaraguan revolution seemed even to surpass the Cuban. There was, for example, the open and enthusiastic participation of many Christians in the Sandinista struggle-a participation highlighted by the close collaboration of a large group of revolutionary priests with the leaders of the Sandinista National Liberation Front. Thanks in great part to the pastoral letter published by the Nicaraguan bishops in November 1979, optimism about the "revolutionary" position of the Catholic church persisted for many months.


69 Volley Ball Club is one of the volleyball associations located in Tangerang Regency, Banten, whose performance is getting better in terms of achievements and the number of athletes. To improve the services of athletes, coaches, training administration, matches, and financial administration, it is necessary to create a computer application that can help record data automatically.
The cash flow information system for 69 Volley Ball Club is designed to be web-based so that it can be easily accessed anywhere. The development methodology used to build this cash flow information system is by using the object oriented method: Unified Modeling Language (UML). The system design is described using Activity Diagrams, Use Case Diagrams, Use Case Descriptions, Sequence Diagrams and Mockup views. The results of the design, a cash flow application program was made by the Laravel framework.
The implementation stage begins with a field study using the observation method, by observing directly the administrative activities at the 69 Volley Ball Club in order to obtain explanations and obtain data that will be needed in designing of the information systems. Then the design was made which was finally implemented in the form of a web-based 69 Volley Ball Club financial application program.


Great achievements have been made in domestic agricultural development since reform was made in the countryside 30 years ago;however,there are also some lessons to draw from the past experience.Based on a summarization of the past experience and a thorough analysis into pertinent policies of agricultural industry,grassroots governments,degree of peasants' participation in rural reform and the registration system therein,this paper makes the following conclusions.Consistent policies on the development of agricultural development is the basic guarantee of rural reform,stable grassroots governments are the most important organs that can inspire and organize the peasants,and the participation of all the peasants in reform is the most important stimulus of the reform.Meanwhile,perfection of the rural registration system is the focus of reform in the near future.


Contents: Commercial aviation: a high risk activity Event analysis as an improvement tool Safety in commercial aviation: risk factors Explanation of the reduction in the rate of learning in complex environments Organizational learning in air safety: lessons for the future Meaning and trust as keys to organizational learning The future of improvements in air safety Conclusion References Index.


Dust particles in blast furnace gas deposit easily on the bottom of sealing surface of the butterfly valve seat in pipelines, which will bring jams to the valve plate, and thus affect normal production of the blast furnace and cause serious economic losses. In order to get flow field characteristics near the butterfly valve, obtain the deposition process of dust particles on the bottom of the valve seat sealing surface and provide a reference for design of the automatic dust removal device, butterfly valve flow field models with different valve plate openings was built using Pro/E. Meanwhile, a mixed gas phase model of CO2, CO and N2 was established, and a dust particle size distribution model using Rosin-Rammler distribution function was constructed according to the actual working condition of blast furnace. Basing on FLUENT module of ANSYS Workbench, the influences of valve plate opening and dust particle size on dust deposition process in the flow field was simulated. Results show that the deposition rate grows with the increase of the particle size, and the deposition mass comes to the largest when the valve plate opening is 15°.


Walnut oil is one of the main woody oils in China. Eating walnut oil has many benefits to human 通讯作者。


The spermatogenesis of Camponotus japonic in histolgical levels was studied.Five stages in spermatogenesis of Camponotus japonic were distinguished and described respectively according to the changes of the shape of spermatocyte and nucleus.The five stages were spermatogonia,primary spermatocyte,second spermatocyte spermatocyte,sperm cell and spermiogenesis.


The molluscicidal activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Chromolaena odorata were investigated on adult, one week old juveniles and 3 to 4 days old egg-masses of Biomphalaria pfeifferi . Ten adults each were exposed to a serial dilution of 40, 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, and 480 ppm distilled water extracts and 20, 40, 80, 160, 240 and 320 ppm ethanolic extracts of leaves of C. odorata. Twenty juveniles of uniform size each were exposed to 8, 20, 28, 40, 80, 120, and 160 ppm of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the same plant. The adults and juveniles were exposed to the extracts for 24 h. Thirty eggs each were exposed to 8, 20, 28, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm of aqueous and ethanolic extracts for a period of 48 h. The experiments were repeated twice. LC 50 obtained with aqueous extract against eggs, juveniles and adults were 65.75, 75.59 and 217.57 ppm, respectively while these values were 44.03, 44.68 and 88.04 ppm, respectively for ethanolic extract. The LC 90 obtained with aqueous extract against eggs, juveniles and adults were 139.54, 249.54 and 288.96 ppm, respectively. These values were 119.03, 123.50 and 245.61 ppm, respectively for ethanolic extract. The plant extracts caused significant (P<0.05) mortality rates in the different stages of B. pfeifferi. C. odorata seem to be a promising plant molluscicide candidate and deserve further studies in order to identify and characterize its molluscicidal components. Keywords : Schistosomiasis, Chromolaena odorata, Biomphalaria pfeifferi , molluscicidal activities, LC 50 , LC 90 Vol. 12(4), pp. 438-444


There has been shown the possibility of the use of antibodies to adenoindezaminaza with the purpose of immunodiagnostics of rheumatoid arthritis


On base of the diffusion of innovations study by Rogers,this paper investigates the four periods of the collective action in Xiaotao village,aiming to discuss the communication characteristics of collective action in China's rural area.In the action period,the intervention of high standard media has changed the result directly.In addition,media's intervention reconstructs the cognition of actor,such as attribution and anticipation.Thus,in order to promote the virtuous operation in countryside,the mass media should take more care about the peasants' interest demand and expressions.


backdrops for foreign fantasies: Alan Parker's Evita (1996), Sally Potter's The Tango Lesson (1997), and Carlos Saura's Tango, no me dejes nunca (1998). Malva's critiques are significantly less nuanced and self-reflexive than Diaz's, and while certainly Madonna's screen evocation of Evita's political persona is accurately perceived as "appropriation," Malva's outright refusal to imagine any non-Argentine representations of tango as anything but hegemonic and manipulative seems to blind her to some of the weirder and more interesting ironies in these films. In particular, she seems unable to accommodate the ways in which tango has attracted queer meditations on the choreographed nature of sexuality. This is an implicit subtext of Potter's film—but I wonder what Malva (or Savigliano) would make of a more explicit rendering of this in, for example, Wong Kar-Wai's Happy Together (1997).


To achieve natural human-computer interaction, emotional aspects are incorporated in its development. Existing speech emotion recognition studies in the Indonesian language consider utterances as independent entities, ignoring relations among the conversations' utterances. This paper presents the study of conversational speech emotion recognition in Indonesian. We build an RNN-based model that enables utterances to capture contextual information from their surroundings in the same conversation, thus aiding the emotion classifier. We also construct the conversational emotion corpus in the language from the podcast about life experiences to obtain natural emotion on its utterances. Our experiments employ the Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated-Recurrent Unit (GRU) algorithms to model the emotion using acoustic and lexical features. Evaluation of the experiment result achieves an F-measure of 58.17% for six emotion classes and an F-measure of 72.52% for four emotion classes by fusing acoustic and lexical contextual features using the LSTM model.


Linearizability of concurrent data structure implementations is notoriously hard to prove. Consequently, current verification techniques can only prove linearizability for certain classes of data structures. We introduce a generic, sound, and practical technique to statically check the linearizability of concurrent data structure implementations. Our technique involves specifying the concurrent operations as a list of sub-operations and passing this specification on to an automated checker that verifies linearizability using relationships between individual suboperations. We have proven the soundness of our technique. Our approach is expressive: we have successfully verified the linearizability of 12 popular concurrent data structure implementations including algorithms that are considered to be challenging to prove linearizable such as elimination back-off stack, lazy linked list, and time-stamped stack. Our checker is effective, as it can verify the specifications in less than a second.


Theoretical part of the study tries to outline the particularities of African art, especially in region determined by territory of today's Mali Republic. It describes generally the influence which have African culture on evolution European and Czech art at the turn of 19th and 21st century. Practical part displays the evolution of collection and graduate formation of particular pieces. The set comprises of two pairs of women shoes, two belts, a pocketbook, messenger bag and it is completed by tablet sleeve. Whole collection is linked-up by decoration using geometrical elements inspired by Malian technique Bogolanfini. Evolution of prototypes is documented by drawings and photographs.


This paper presents the analysis of a cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) under the random vibration excitation of the car body. A two degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) quarter car model is established. The Matlab/Simulink simulation software is used to analyze the dynamic response of the car body under the random road excitation. The transient analysis of the PEH is carried out using ANSYS software to obtain the time-dependent voltage, current and power outputs of the PEH. The root mean square (RMS) power is used to evaluate the electricity generation of the PEH. The effect of the load resistance, the car speed, and the road surface roughness on RMS power are studied. The results show that it exists the optimal load resistance to achieve the maximum RMS power output for the vibration-based PEH. When the road surface roughness is constant, the increase of the car speed can induce the increase of the RMS power of the PEH. When the car speed is constant, higher RMS power outputs of the PEH can be achieved by increasing road surface roughness coefficient.


The relative importance of various physical restrictions to the free movement of motor traffic is developed to show their influence on highway capacity and safety and the deficiencies of our system. The maximum capacities of multi-lane highways overseas are recorded, the relationship of critical volume to highway capacity and the influence of mandatory restrictions are considered. Use of the motorway legislation to eliminate these physical and mandatory restrictions and to incorporate safety features is recommended. Details of motorway design are broadly traversed, and the advantages of motorways as they affect running costs, elimination of ribbon development, obsolescence and safety are covered.


Abstract Several reports in the late 1950s and early 1960s indicated that ultraviolet irradiation of dilute solutions of cytosine or 5‐methylcytosine in aliphatic alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, leads to reaction mixtures containing products with an absorption maximum around 300 nm. The present work reports the isolation and characterization of the products responsible for this absorption in the photochemical reactions of cytosine and 5‐methylcytosine with methanol, ethanol and 2‐propanol at concentrations in the neighborhood of 200 μM. Under these conditions the reactions have been shown, in each nucleobase/alcohol system, to give almost exclusively a single type of primary photopro‐duct; each product shows an absorption maximum in the region of 300 nm. Structural analysis showed the products to be alcohol adducts with an ester linkage at C2 of the ring‐opened base and an enamine structure at C6. For example, in the case of the reaction of cytosine with methanol, the product is N‐carbomethoxy‐3‐aminoacrylamidine (IIIa). The occurrence of this type of photoreaction suggests a mode by which alcoholic functional groups on amino acid side chains could contribute to photoinduced DNA‐protein cross‐linking.


The invention relates to an arrangement (1) of motor vehicle airbag cushion comprising a flap (3) covering an airbag module. This component (3) comprising a body (5) to which is fixed a reinforcing plate (13) is articulated relative to a fixed part (2) to be opened on inflation of the bag, and a linear relationship (26) is secured to the flap (3) and the fixed part (2) for limiting opening of the flap (3) upon inflation of the cushion. The linear link (26) is attached to the flap (3) by being trapped between the body (5) and the plate (13) fixed to said body (5). The flap (3) comprises a reinforcing rod (22) interposed between the plate (13) and the link (26), said reinforcing pin (22) along the contour of the flap (3) at least in the region where the link (26) projects beyond this contour.


Poverty is a complex phenomenon and multidimensional issue. Ketapang regency breadth and characteristics of different poverty require different strategies to handle another kind of poverty. The poverty areas in Ketapang District, which generally are in rural and isolated areas with limited accessibility. The decreasing of poverty strategies which has been done is more sectoral approach and does not provide optimal results, while the action on the field tend to be less in favor and unusual according to the ability of the main citizen. Poverty alleviation programs will run properly, if a local government has datas on poor households those are accurate and up-to-date, so that is necessary for Geographic Information System WebBased Poor Households in Ketapang that the program will be given to poor households to be right on target.


The tea pests in Qiannan Prefecture,including Luodian,Sandu,Libo and Pingtang,were surveyed through field investigation and referring to relevant literatures to figure out the tea pest species and occurrence situation.The results showed that in Qiannan Prefecture there were a total of 153 species belonging to two classes(Insect and Arachnoidea),9 orders(Isoptera,Orthoptera and Homoptera,etc) and 53 families(Termitidae,Cicadidae and Miridae,etc).


Acute appendicitis is one of the most common reason for acute abdominal pain. The main treatment method of acute appendicitis is appendectomy. With the progress of immunology, the crucial and pivotal status of intestinal mucosal immunity and intestinal flora in protecting body against pathogens emerges. Moreover, these immunologists proposed that appendix plays a vital role in intestinal mucosal immunity. Thereby, appendix should not be removed arbitrarily.With the improvement of endoscopic techniques, many disease can be treated with the minimal invasive method. For example, the ERCP techniques enable the mortality of acute cholangitis to decrease to 0.5 percent or below. Recently, more and more surgeons treated these patients with ERCP techniques. We proposed to the concept of endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT) and treated successfully the patients with acute appendicitis in 2012. At present, the technique can be adapted for all types of acute appendicitis including peri-appendiceal abscess. The aim of this article is to discuss the develop history of treatment method for the patients with acute appendicitis and provide the physicians with another new concept and method for the treatment of the patients.

Key words:
Appendicitis; Surgical procedures, minimally invasive; Endoscopic therapy


adenoma. Excessive sweating may be associated with hyperthyroidism, as also may vitiligo. In the aged who complain of feeling cold and their skin is pale yellow, dry and coarse, hypothyroidism should be borne in mind. In hypothyroidism there are sometimes painful cracks and fissures in the palms and soles, due to the effect of diminished sweating and a tendency to hyperkeratosis. In hypothyroidism the hair is dry and lustreless and may fall in a patchy fashion. In Addison's disease there is widespread pigmentation asthenia .with low blood pressure. Hyperpigmentation of exposed areas, especially the knuckles, is an early feature; later all areas subject to pressure, friction and irritation become darker, while the skin round the mouth escapes. Ovarian dysfunction at the climacteric leads to increased tendency to cutaneous sensitization. Tags and papules develop on the skin of the neck and in a small number of cases keratoses appear on the palms and soles.


Consider an m machine flow shop with no intermediate storage between any two successive machines and blocking. The processing time of job j, j = 1,..., n, on each one of the m machines is equal to the random variable Xj and is distributed according to Fj. We assume that the processing times are stochastically ordered in such a way that F1 ≤st... ≤stFn. We show that the sequence 1, 3, 5,..., n-1, n, n-2,..., 6, 4, 2 when n is even and the sequence 1, 3, 5,..., n-2, n, n-1,..., 6, 4, 2 when n is odd minimizes the expected makespan and that the sequence 1,..., n minimizes the expected flow time.


A new family of superlattice structures modulated by the pseudo-Gaussian potential is proposed. The correlation between the configuration of minibands and the superlattice geometry is revealed using the transfer matrix approach.


The Local Educational Agency (LEA) is inher i t ing more and more of the tasks that were previously the domain of other institutions. The schools now find themselves in the areas of drug education, sex education, and so forth, while more and more emphasis is being brought by concerned publics toward invasion of privacy and confidentiality (Boruch, 1969). To respond to the specific needs of the students and the local communities, the LEA's are forced to solicit input from not only their s tudent populat ion, but also the parent and nonparent communities. In so doing, the LEA must document specific needs to justify programs that are to be offered (Vicino, 1977) and at the same time insure that there is no invasion of the privacy of the student or parent and strict confidence is adhered to. In order to accompl i sh these tasks, the LEA's must borrow from other discipl ines or develop their own set of skills at soliciting the needed informat ion in such a manner that it does not invade the privacy of the subpubl ics (Conrad, 1967) and yet yields valid and reliable information. This paper considers different methods of soliciting sensitive information from secondary students and attempts to ascertain if the same information is obtained when slightly different anchors or stems are used. The vehicle used to solicit the information was a survey instrument in the area of drug att i tude. The development and/or the refinement of this instrument was part of a larger study (Vicino & DeGracie, 1976) which was conducted to assess the attitudes of secondary students in a LEA toward the following areas: school, summer, school staff, individual self-concept, and drug usage. In preparing the survey instrument, research was reviewed in regard to methods of soliciting inpu t concern ing sensi t ive areas (Boruch, in press; Bradburn, 1969; Conrad, 1967; Harnett & Seligsohn, 1967; Vicino, DeGracie, & Miller, 1975). It was dec ided at that t ime to use s ta tements soliciting input from the students concerning themselves, at the same time that information was being asked concerning the four areas listed previously. In the case of the last area, that of drug usage, the s ta tement "I would use . . . " was chosen as the solicitor for drug usage. In both cases, other soliciting statements such as "My friends feel . . . ," "My friends use . . . ," "I do use . . . ," and "My friends would use . . . " were considered in the development of the survey. However, after discussion and pilot testing of the different soliciting statements, it was decided to use "I feel . . . " and "I would use .. . ." In the case of the second soliciting statement, it was realized that it is less direct than "I do use . . . ," but "I wou ld use . . . " was selected as less threatening to the teenagers. The statements "My friends would use . . . " or "My friends feel . . . " were eliminated, a l though they were strongly recom-


This article summarizes a new 1996-97 report from the World Resources Institute, the UN Environmental Program, the UN Development Program, and the World Bank, which describes a future with increased levels of urbanization that were reshaping the physical and social environment. Urbanization increased economic growth and environmental degradation. By the year 2000, 50% of the world population will live in urban areas. Cities are the center of economic activity. Consumption is the highest in cities. Cities produce the most pollution and waste. Three issues are particularly crucial to survival: the water supply, sanitation, and water resource management. Neglect of these and other environmental issues is likely to have important consequences in both developing and developed countries. The greatest growth in urban areas is occurring in developing countries. Cities in developing countries have huge populations living in poverty. The poor in either rural or urban areas are confronted with lack of access to clean water, to sanitation, and to housing. There is overcrowding and exposure to industrial wastes and air pollution. There is a need for policy reform, stronger institutions, and enlightened political leadership. Cities need to improve their environment and to strengthen local government and implement poverty reduction programs. Reform of urban policies must be accompanied by effective urban governance. Community-based approaches are essential. Broad-based support is needed for changes in strategies and practices and for attainment of a more sustainable environment.


The aim of this paper is to explore and to debate some of the issues surrounding the relationship between heritage tourism and British national identity. The discussion focuses on Great Britain as this country's tourism industry is firmly rooted within the heritage / magisterial camp. It is argued that the heritage industry constructs and reinforces a national identity by packaging and promoting selected images of the past to tourists. Images which not only affect how we are seen by others but also how we see ourselves. Ultimately it is the responsibility of the tourism industry to treat history with the respect it deserves and of individual tourists not to take at face value what is presented to them.


With regard to the integration issue of product design and catalog information in PLM (product life-cycle management), we proposed an ontology-based semantic integration framework. In this paper, the Semantic Matchmaker component of the framework is discussed in detail and matching techniques used are presented. Our matching approach takes terminological and structural matching methods as main solutions and utilizes the common upper ontology as well. The issue of this paper is about semantic mapping between two ontologies using description logic. It is the core component of the integration framework for product design and catalog.


A method of determining resource consumption of a software component (22) in a computer system (10) comprises the steps of: - determining a general base load (50) of Rechnersys tems (10); - activating the software component (22); - finding a total load (56, 58) of the computer system (10), while the software component (22) is active and - determining a load (60, 62) of the software component (22) by subtracting the general base load (50) by the total load (60, 62).


The radical anion [CC 1 3 CCC] - . , with known bond connectivity, has been synthesized in the ion source of a VG ZAB 2HF mass spectrometer by the reaction of (CH3) 3 Si-C≡C 1 3 C(=NNH-tosyl)-C≡C-Si(CH 3 ) 3 with HO - followedby F - (from SF 6 ). The collision-induced mass spectrum of [CC 1 3 CCC] - . shows only one fragmentation: exclusive loss of 1 2 C. Computational studies at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ//B3LYP/6-31G-(d) level of theory indicate that this experimental observation means that [CC 1 3 CCC] - . does not rearrange under the conditions of collisional activation. The charge reversal [ - CR + , synchronous charge stripping of the radical anion (by a vertical Franck-Condon process) to the radical cation], and the neutralization/reionization [ - NR + , stepwise vertical oxidation of the radical anion to the neutral, then of the neutral to the radical cation] spectra of [CC 1 3 CCC] - . show partial and complete atom scrambling, respectively. Under the experimental conditions used, the neutral has a lifetime of 10 - 6 s before being converted to the corresponding radical cation. Computational studies at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory suggest that the major atom-scrambling pathway of the neutral involves cyclization of singlet CC 1 3 CCC to equilibrating and degenerate carbon-substituted rhombic structures that fragment to yield linear singlet 1 3 C 1 2 C 4 structures. Overall, the label is randomized. A similar mechanism is proposed to account for the partial atom scrambling of the radical cations formed in the - CR + experiment from [CC 1 3 CCC] - . .


James C. Witte and Susan E. Mannon The internet and social inequalities . New York and London: Routledge, 2010. 182 pp. $29.95 (paperback). ISBN 9780415963190


A simplified method of calculating the diffraction patterns of crystals showing mistake broadening is outlined, and used to correct three results published by Wilson in 1943. Wilson's model 3 (mistakes on {110} planes) is extended in the light of probable differences of the energy of interfaces between domains of different types. The apparent particle sizes obtained, when differences in interfacial energy are ignored, are: formistakeson{100}planes3N12/2(h+k+l)δ;formistakeson{110}planes3(2N)12/4(2h+k)δ;formistakeson{111}planes3(3N)12/8hδifh≥k+l,3(3N)12/4(h+k+l)δifh<k+l; where δ is the probability of a mistake per unit length, h, k, l are the positive values of the indices of reflexion arranged in the order h ≥ k ≥ 1, and N = h2 + k2 + l2. When differences in interfacial energy are taken into account the apparent particle size for mistakes on {100} planes becomes 2N12/{2(h+k+l−u)δ′+(h+k+l+u)δ′′}, where u is the impaired index, and that for mistakes on {110} planes becomes (2N)12/{4hδ′+2(h+k)δ′′} when (2N)12/{2(h+k)δ′+(3h+k)δ′′} when k or l is the unpaired index. All {111} interfaces have the same energy in AuCu3, so the expressions for mistakes on {111} planes are not altered.


An unstructured adaptive finite element grid combined with a nonlinear monotonic scheme was employed to undertake high-resolution in viscid eddy simulations of spatially evolving supersonic free shear layers. The objective was to determine the large eddy development sensitivity to different fluctuating initial conditions, and to evaluate model fidelity by directly comparing with detailed experimental results. In general, the statistically-stationary state of the simulations yielded reasonable agreement with experimental spreading rates and mean velocity profiles. However, the initial conditions were found to significantly affect the flow characteristics. The champion initial condition model, which was the most physically consistent, distributed the turbulent kinetic energy throughout the prescribed experimental spectra of frequencies with appropriate amplitudes, random phase angles, and velocity correlations based on the shear stress distribution. The results were also verified with grid resolution studie...


Despite the safety improvements linked to the use of barcodes for patient and specimen identification, patient misidentification remains a leading cause of transfusion‐associated reactions including fatalities. A wealth of evidence supports the use of barcodes in general, but there is less published evidence of real‐world barcode compliance. This project investigates barcode scanning compliance for patient and specimen identification at a tertiary care pediatric/maternity hospital.


considerable portion had already sloughed away, the adjacent parts presenting a dinigy red appearance. Under the employment of Pluinmer's pill, iodide of potassium with quassia, and the creosote gargle, the sloughs separated, the ulcers assumed a healthy character and very soon cicatrized, when from exposure in a raw damp day, he was at once seized with inflammatory symptoms involving the larynx, trachea, and bronclhial tubes, which in a very few days terminated fatally.


School mapping in secondary education has witnessed a lot of distortion in Nigeria largely because the allocation of educational resources is embedded in politics of education. Consequently, the paper examined trends in the politics of school mapping and spatial distribution of secondary schools in Rivers state. Three research questions guided the study. The document analysis research method was utilized which involved extensive analysis of records and documents. Data collected were descriptively analysed. Findings revealed spatial imbalance in the distribution of public secondary schools, and neglect of population factor in siting secondary schools in Rivers State. Recommendations aimed at enhancing even distribution of public secondary schools were proffered. The paper concluded that school distribution system that ignores basic school mapping process could undermine the overall educational development in Rivers State.


This chapter presents several strategies for teaching about sex and gender using entertainment media and explores critical issues related to content development, the delivery process, and evaluation methods.


Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal excavation(ESE) and submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) for gastroesophageal junction(GEJ) submucosal tumors (SMTs) originating from the muscularis propria(MP) layer.

Methods
Clinical data of sixty-one patients with GEJ SMTs originating from the MP layer who were treated with ESE(ESE group, n=39) or STER(STER group, n=22) between January 2013 and December 2015 in Changhai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Outcomes and complications in the two groups were compared.

Results
Single lesion in 61 patients were all resected by therapeutic endoscopy successfully. Operation time in the STER group was shorter than that of the ESE group(47.27±20.89 min VS 66.56±40.07 min, P 0.05]. Hospitalization time of STER group was shorter than that of the ESE group [3.0(1.25)d VS 4.0(1.00)d, P<0.05]. One patient developed delayed hemorrhage in ESE group, while no other complications occurred in either group. The wound healed in both groups under gastroscopy, and no residual or recurrent tumors were detected during the follow-up period.

Conclusion
Both STER and ESE can be used for GEJ SMTs originating from the MP layer, but STER is more safe and efficient.

Key words:
Esophageal neoplasms; Endoscopes; Comparative study; Endoscopic submucosal excavation; Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection


Social gender,after reinterpreted by feminism,is especially re-ferred to the organizational role of culture and society in the forming of male and female as the main body. In the context of specified space of the Danjiangkou traditional funeral rites,female,including female artists,jointly interpret social constructing theory of sex roles. The role of female is not strict and unchangeable. Under certain conditions,it showcases its potential hidden independence,freedom and valiant.


In China,the legislation for women's working right takes a kind of legislation mode of special protection considering their physical specialties. As it was based on women's physical inferiority and their lower status in society,the legislation actually emphasized the traditional labor division and limited women's right to choose a proper job,hindering them from entering various job fields equally and causing great discrimination. Special protective legislation reflects the gender essentialism in women labor legislation. The welfare protection in the past centrally planned system cannot adapt to the present market economy and goes against the current tendency and idea of international female labor legislation.


1,6-Anhydro-2,4-di-O-benzyl-3-O-1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl-β-D-glucopyranose is prepared and polymerized under high vacuum in CH 2 Cl 2 with Acid Lewis as catalyst. The resulting polymers exhibit specific rotation in the range of +104.8° to +115.8°, suggesting that they have an α configuration


Local public expenditure of non-metropolitan(and Non-Capital) areas have been different from metropolitan(and Capital) areas. In other words, non-metropolitan areas have been much weight on the Economic Development Expenditure of total local public expenditure. Because local income and local public finance of these areas have been a low level, it is necessary to use local Economic Development Expenditure as efficiently as possible in order to grow its local economy. This thesis analyzes that which of local Economic Development Expenditure is more efficient and elastic for local economy's growth. According to the result of analysis, Industry & Economy Expenditure(which supported primary industry) have been more efficient than Regional Development Expenditure(which supported secondary and tertiary industry), from a standpoint of elasticity for local economic growth and in terms of lags. Therefore, to boost local economy and local income, the local governments of non-metropolitan area should increase the ratio of Industry & Economy Expenditure rather than Regional Development Expenditure.


Four options for introducing economic instruments in India have been examined in this article. These differ in the extent of government intervention. According to the author the normative criterion for success of these instruments will include its political and public acceptability, economic efficiency, equity and distributional aspects, administrative costs and the adaptability to changing technology and environment.


Aiming at the problems of incomplete system modeling, ambiguity of expert evaluation opinions and lack of consideration of the overall risk of the system in the risk assessment of substation power monitoring systems, a risk assessment method for substation power monitoring systems based on cloud model and improved evidence theory is proposed.. Firstly, according to the structure and security requirements of the substation power monitoring system, the equipment, security objectives and threats of the substation power monitoring system are analyzed, and the overall risk assessment model of the system is established; then combined with the FAHP and the modified entropy weight method, the optimal combination assignment is used. Finally, the cloud model and improved evidence theory are used to complete the comprehensive risk assessment of the substation power monitoring system, and the risk level of the system is obtained. The safety management of the monitoring system provides a new idea.


FIELD: computer engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to computer engineering. Technical result is achieved by detecting signal strength from a control device; in response to determining that the signal strength is greater than a predetermined strength, acquiring a control instruction sent by the control device; and processing according to the control instruction; acquiring signal strength between other devices and the control device; wherein acquisition of a control instruction sent by the control device in response to determining that the signal strength is higher than the predetermined strength includes: comparing the signal strength between the respective devices and the control device in response to determining that the signal strength is higher than the predetermined strength; and acquiring a control instruction sent by the control device in response to determining that the signal strength from the control device is maximum. EFFECT: technical result is higher efficiency of controlling the electronic device. 15 cl, 10 dwg


Background: Introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, hepatobiliary surgeries and liver transplantations has stimulated a renewed interest in hepatic arterial anatomy. The variant arterial anatomy recognized during routine cadaveric dissection offers great learning potential. This imparts the concept of patient individuality and subsequent individualization of medical and surgical therapies and helps the surgeons for safe surgery and low morbidity. Objective of the study: To report on hepatic artery variations observed in the dissecting room and to find out the different pattern of hepatic arteries by cadaveric dissection. Materials and Methods: Twenty five human cadavers of SCB Medical College were dissected to study the source and pattern of hepatic arterial supply to liver. Results: Twenty four cadavers exhibited typical common hepatic arterial supply from the celiac trunk. Only one female body out of twenty five cadavers had an anomalous origin of common hepatic artery. Common hepatic artery originated from the superior mesenteric artery. Conclusion: Aberrant hepatic vascularisation should be assessed preoperatively to avoid fatal complications in hepatobiliary surgeries.


The influence of ground lugs on the tractive-dynamic characteristics of wheel tractors is investigated. To assess this factor it is suggested to study the changes of geometric parameters of wheel lugs in the process of their moving in soil from the physical viewpoint. The impact of tractive load as well as vibrations depending on the soil lug pace and field unevenness on maximum tangent value of the wheel mover tractive force is substantiated.


Foliar spray of boron in November and January was found very effective over soil applications. Among the two foliar treatments, boron spray at 0.2% markedly improved vegetative growth, flower yield and flower quality. The same treatment significantly improved fresh and dry weight of cut flowers, increased water uptake and lengthened the vase life. Treatment with boron, particularly 0.2% foliar spray, was very effective in increasing the uptake of Fe, Zn and B; while no significant difference was noted with N and K uptake.


Commercial take of Postelsia palmaeformis (hereafter Postelsia), an annual kelp found only on wave-exposed, rocky shores of the Northeast Pacific, is increasing rapidly in California where regulation of the edible seaweed 'fishery' is minimal. Many commercial collectors use a frond trim- ming method they claim is sustainable and allows for multiple collections per year. Unlike cutting at the stipe, which is lethal and can drive populations to extinction, frond trimming preserves the meris- tem, allowing fronds to regrow. To evaluate the ecological consequences of biomass loss and sustain- ability of this commercial take method we conducted 2 field experiments. We trimmed fronds at dif- ferent frequencies and times and then measured: (1) frond regrowth and reproductive output and (2) population recruitment. We explored the potential for geographic variation by replicating the first experiment near the center and southern limit of Postelsia's biogeographic range. Fronds trimmed in April-June were able to regrow and eventually produce viable spores, albeit at somewhat reduced rates. However, spore production was sharply reduced when fronds were trimmed after the onset of sporogenesis (end of July), whether trimmed once or twice. These effects were similar across the geo- graphic range examined but varied in magnitude. Recruitment was 38% greater in populations not subjected to trimming and population sizes were reduced by 40 to 50% when trimmed. A precaution- ary approach to management should: (1) mandate the frond trimming method, (2) limit collection to once a year and (3) close the commercial season before the onset of reproduction.


A method is presented for reconstructing a function from its line integrals. This problem arises in imaging whenever the physical constraints of the system prohibit the gathering of the line integrals over the angles - pi /2< theta <0. The first portion of the algorithm decomposes the limited angle operator L into a tensor product structure that allows an efficient calculation of its singular value decomposition. The second portion of the algorithm uses multiresolution analysis in order to mollify the problem, which is known to be extremely ill conditioned. It is thought that these methods may lead to a more stable algorithm for limited angle reconstruction.<<ETX>>


Air has the characteristics of low-temperature oxidation (LTO) as well as improving drainage energy. Therefore, it can be co-injected with steam to enhance an oil recovery factor. This paper studies combined steam–air flooding for heavy oil recovery. Four experiments, including one steam flooding experiment and three combined steam–air flooding experiments, are studied. The volume ratios of air and steam in these three combined flooding experiments are 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1, respectively. The experimental results show that combined steam–air flooding can enhance the oil recovery factor when the volume ratio of air and steam is in a certain range. Furthermore, numerical simulation results show that its temperature and oil recovery tendency are similar to those from the experiments. In the numerical simulation study, an optimal volume ratio of air and steam is 1.5:2. Finally, a field test of combined steam–air flooding in the Qi-40 block of the Liaohe oil field is studied to validate the experimental and numeri...


This paper presents the results of computational experiments to study the formation of a spray and a temperature plume of non-isothermal liquid injections under high turbulence. Numerical modeling of atomization and combustion of liquid fuel injections and the influence of the initial gas temperature in the combustion chamber on these processes has been carried out. The temperature in the combustion chamber varied from 700 K to 1500 K for two types of liquid fuels: octane and dodecane. The distributions of liquid fuel droplets along the radii and temperature at various points in time are constructed. The influence of the initial temperature on the concentration characteristics of various types of fuel is revealed. As a result, it was found that at a pressure of over 80 bar with high turbulence, the gas temperature equal to 900 K was taken as optimal. At this temperature, the chamber is heated to high temperatures and the concentration of the resulting reaction products is the lowest. The obtained results can be applied in the construction of the liquid fuels' combustion theory and will contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex physical and chemical phenomena that occur in combustion chambers.


The world of boards of investment funds – like that of corporations in general – has come under increasing scrutiny. These entities are constituted as companies in law, but their boards of directors have traditionally had only a helicopter view of the landscape. Making them better – getting them to contribute more to fund governance – may require us to look at these boards even more closely, and to employ the tools being development to evaluate corporate board performance. In the early 1990s, as the Cadbury Code brought the term corporate governance into the vocabulary of business, board performance was associated mainly with board structure: independent chairman, non-executive directors, and committees that brought the most sensitive recommendations into the hands of outsiders. Those changes led to corporate boards and worked harder and were in a better position to monitor the chief executive and senior management. But they didn't stop catastrophic failure from occurring. In the wake of the debacle of Enron, WorldCom and so many others, US regulation pointed a similar spotlight on fund governance, demanding over protests from the industry that mutual funds have chairs independent of the fund company management.


Objective:To compare clinical effectiveness of t ra nscatheter ASD closure with that of surgery closure.Methods:From May 1999 to December 2002,45 patients( 17 male,28 female) underwent transcath eter ASD closure using atrial septal occluder(ASO),58 patients(19 male,39 female) underwent surgery closure,the clinical effectiveness of these two metho ds was compared.Results: In ASO group,the technical success rat e was 88.89%(40/45),complication rate was 2.2%(1/45) ,residual shunt rate was 2 .2%(1/45). The 5 unsuccessful patients then underwent surgery closure. In surger y group,the surgery success rate was 100%,complication rate was 20.7% ,res idual shunt rate was 5.2%;22 patients were transfused 200~800 ml blood,mean( 475.5±324.5)ml.Conclusions: Transcatheter closure of ASD using atrial septal occluder is analterative to surgery within acceptable limits.


An immune based approach to enhance the performance of electrical distribution system through capacitor placement is proposed in this paper. Major challenges that occur in distribution system are voltage drop and real power losses. The placement and sizing calculations of capacitor gives more insight to solve problems, which occur while maintaining voltage profiles at each bus by reducing voltage drops in each branch. The performance of the electrical distribution system can be improved with the above proposed technique. This technique have two sub methods, one for finding capacitor location through heuristic and second one for finding capacitor size through genetic algorithm and the proposed methods are tested on IEEE 33 and 69 bus systems to reduce the real power losses with better voltage profile at each load buds and the results are validated.


Objective To observe the clinic effect of the maxillary expansion/protraction combined with Class Ⅲ elastic therapy on Class Ⅲ malocclusion in cleft lip and palate(CLP) patients.Methods 21 patients with CLP Class Ⅲ malocclusion during transitional dentition were randomly allocated into 2 groups.The control group was treated with the maxillary expansion/protraction while the treatment group was treated with the maxillary expansion/protraction combined with Class Ⅲ elastic.The therapeutic procedure and the changes by cephalometric analysis of 2 groups before and after treatment were compared.Statistical analysis was done.Results The therapeutic period of the control group was(29.40±2.88) weeks while the treatment group was (21.00±2.14) weeks,and the difference was significant(P0.001).Conclusion The maxillary expansion/protraction combined with Class Ⅲ elastic is an effective method for the correction of the Class Ⅲ malocclusion in CLP patients,which is of help to lead to a shorter therapeutic period.


This paper reports on our research with pre-service secondary mathematics teachers in building a community of practice featuring face to face and online interaction. We analyse bulletin board discussions involving our 2003 student cohort in terms of Wenger's (1998) three defining features of a community of practice: mutual engagement, joint enterprise, and a shared repertoire of resources. The emergent design of the community has contributed to its sustainability in allowing pre-service teachers to define their own professional goals and values.


Confined masonry (CM) structures have been widely adopted by many developing countries located in seismically active regions due to their satisfactory seismic performances, cost-effectiveness and e...


As a contribution to the knowledge of metabolic skeletal disorders of cattle and to the comparative pathology of osteopathies due to quantitative undernutrition, the bone lesions observed in 7 markedly cachectic calves are described and discussed. The animals varied from 31/2 to 6 months of age. The most important findings included osteoblastic osteoporosis caused by pronounced inhibition of proliferation and maturation of the chondrocytes and osteoblasts as well as osteoclastic osteoporosis in one case resulting from significantly increased resorption. The bone marrow showed contained transudate, gelatinous replacement of the fat, and, replacing the hemopoietic cells, a ground substance containing fibrin and condensed plasma albumin and consisting primarily of acid mucopolysaccharides. The pathogenesis of the findings is discussed, and it is debated to what extent these changes are specific for quantitative undernutrition and how far quantitative malnutrition can be considered responsible for generalized osteodystrophia fibrosa. The findings in the calves are compared with literature reports on corresponding osteopathies in other animal species and in man. The more severe effect of undernutrition on the skeleton of growing domestic animals as compared to man is attributed to the more rapid growth of the former.


A renewed interest in neutron - gamma discrimination and the need to process rates up to several MHz per channel led to the development of a new, four channel pulse shape discriminator (PSD) in 1/12 NIM format. By revisiting old techniques and running simulations of new ideas, it was determined that the best PSD performance is obtained by measuring the time between the rising edge of the pulse and the intersection point of the curves of the integrated short component with the trailing edge of the pulse. Pulse shape discrimination can be performed at up to 4 MHz detector rate. The module was tested with different neutron and gamma sources as well as at high neutron flux and was found to provide good energy independent neutron / gamma discrimination in a wide energy range with low dead time. A 96-channel system using 24 of these modules is now being operated.


Abstract : This is a review of the status of ground-based solar coronal research which took place during the Workshop on Solar and Stellar Coronal Structure and Dynamics. Topics of discussion included current observational capabilities, research problems suitable for attack now and in the future, and possible future instrumentation, including the Advanced Reflecting Coronagraph. Keywords: Solar corona; Solar magnetic fields; Reprints.


We calculated intravalley and intervalley phonon scattering rates of accelerated electrons under intense midinfrared laser fields. We extended the Keldysh theory, which assumes oscillatory motion of Bloch electrons driven by intense laser fields, to phonon scattering of electrons in semiconductors. We find that phonon emission is possible even if the initial electron energy is less than the phonon energy due to multi-photon absorption processes. We also find that the scattering rates increase with electric field strength and wavelength. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Today, there are many types of masonry units that are available in the market which varies in shapes and sizes. Clay bricks are the most widely used masonry units for
construct brick wall in construction industry. In developing construction industry, many alternative materials had used to replace the clay brick, such as foam concrete brick. A study to determine the compressive strength of foam concrete brick wall due to uniform
distribution load by using Stretcher and Flemish bond was done. Various sets of wall panels using Stretcher and Flemish bond were made and have same dimension based on bonding type. In this research, the brick size used is based on standard dimension by British Standard which is 215 x 100 x 65 mm. The wall panels were tested to obtain the necessary information. Laboratory testing was done to obtain the compressive strength of wall panel for Stretcher and Flemish bond by using compressive strength test. The value of deflection and strain also obtained from the testing. Percentage of water absorption for foam concrete brick is determined by using water absorption test. Observation also was made during the test to evaluate the failure occurred to the wall panel under compression. From the observation made during the testing, the general failure mode occurred on the wall panel sample are obtained. The result indicated from
the test and analysis had determined the compressive strength of wall panel sample, deflection, and strain for Stretcher and Flemish bonding.


Modern surge protective devices allow not only a reliable protection against overvoltages and lightning currents but also an uninterrupted power supply simultaneously. The limited lightning current carrying capability of low-voltage fuses and other overcurrent protection elements requires the coordination of all these elements. A new generation of lightning current arresters limits voltage drops and overvoltages even in the case of direct lightning strikes.


This paper presents solar photovoltaic system design case study of an academic institution using PVsyst. The performance of the photovoltaic system depends on geographical location, solar irradiance, type of PV module and orientation of the module. This work involves theoretical analysis along with the simulation of the PV system based on different load conditions in a building to achieve maximum power, performance ratio and efficiency. A comparative study of the system is done for one laboratory load of fixed tilt with various azimuth angles to achieve more specific production, and better efficiency of the system. Along with comparison the study also involves the feasibility check of the system by CO2 emission count for solar installation.