During the past few years there has been an icreasing interest in applying electrical currents of various forms to neoplasms. The use of electrotherapy for cancer treatment m vivo on experimental tumor models and in clinical practice gained attention of research groups throughout the world. In this report electrotherapy of neoplasms by direct current is briefly rewieved with respect to treatment procedures and parameters. Recent results of the authors employing direct current in the range of mA suggest several distinct mechanisms which are involved in the observed tumor growth retardation with respect to electrode configuration used, current polarity and intensity.


With the deployment of the new FLAMES facility at the Kueyen Unit Telescope of the VLT, multi object, fibre fed capability will be added to the UVES spectrograph. The FLAMES-UVES Data Reduction Software is a C Library embedded in the MIDAS environment. It is designed to extend the UVES pipeline functionalities to support the operation and to monitor the night and long term performance of FLAMES-UVES at Kueyen telescope of the VLT. The peculiar spectral format of FLAMES-UVES imposes very stringent constraints on instrument stability, and poses some major challenges. Some of them are common to any multi fibre fed echelle spectrograph, such as automatic order and fibre location and identification, deblending of spectra carried by neighboring fibres, flagging and removal of cosmic ray hits etc.; others are typical of FLAMES/UVES, such as the automatic measurement and correction of some spectrograph instabilities which, although irrelevant for slit mode operation, would severely cripple the maximum achievable S/N ratio in the fibre-fed case, if neglected. Throughout the reduction, errors are thoroughly propagated from raw frames to the final data products, pixel by pixel, easing the assessment of the actual, physical significance of weak features. We shortly discuss the performance of the pipeline and to what extent the DRS can be expected to recover the full information content without introducing artifacts, showing its results on test data.


Herein, F-doped TiO2 (F-TiO2) support significantly weakens the electrooxidative-dissolution and enhances the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) stability of RuOx through the prominent electron-transfer process. Meanwhile, the electronic structure modulation,...


Analyses of observation data from 1961 to 2014 by using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method indicate that the primary mode (a monosign pattern) of heavy snowfall over northern China in winter shows evident variations from a negative polarity to a positive polarity in the mid-1990s. Associated with this decadal change, the southward displacement of the polar front jet stream and northward shift of the subtropical jet stream in the upper troposphere are apparent. Accordingly, a negative height anomaly dominates the region from Lake Balkhash to Lake Baikal and a positive height anomaly occupies the midlatitudes of the North Pacific in the middle troposphere. Such anomalous patterns in the middle and high troposphere correspond approximately to the northern mode of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and may favor the interaction of cold air with moist airflows over northern China, which helps increase local heavy snowfall. Further investigation shows that the shift in the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) from a cold phase to a warm phase in the 1990s may also play a role, through its linkage to the above atmospheric circulations with the aid of a downstream propagation of wave train that emanates from the Atlantic Ocean.


Abstract The ozonation products of a common rubber antiozonant, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (HPPD), have been separated by liquid chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry. Three principal mechanisms appear to govern the ozonation of HPPD. Amine oxide formation leads to observed nitrosoaryl and nitroaryl products. Side-chain oxidation leads to several low molecular weight products, including some that contain an amide moiety. Nitroxide radical formation leads to a nitrone that is the most abundant ozonation product; a dinitrone is also formed. Ozonation of HPPD occurs mainly with degradation of the alkyl portion of the molecule. The results of this study are consistent with a combined "scavenger-protective film" theory of antiozonant protection of rubber compounds.


This paper investigates the impact of contemporary flows of immigrants on internal movements of natives and earlier immigrants across the local authorities of England and Wales. To analyse the impact of immigration, a theoretical framework where natives and immigrants are imperfect substitutes is adopted. The econometric analysis, based on the instrumental variable approach proposed by Card (2001), shows that immigration does not displace native working-age population; instead, flows of natives are complementary with those of new immigrants. There is evidence of displacement for earlier immigrants, with a substantial impact for those with no or low qualifications. Robustness tests are provided to corroborate the results Keywords; census, displacement, england and wales, migration, local authority


The generation of human patient-derived xenograft (hPDX) models, and efficacy testing on human cell-derived xenografts (hCDX) or hPDX, are usually performed on a single mouse genetic background. Emerging evidence suggests that host genetic background underlies the variability in xenograft establishment as well as tumor response to drugs. Here we show two approaches, a genetic and a chemical one, on human-derived xenografts as proof of concept to show that xenografting can be done in genetic diverse mice and growth kinetics is different depending on the strain of the mice. The genetic approach is to use Rag1-/- mice for xenografts—Rag1-/- mice are immunodeficient and accept human cells. We found that the growth kinetics of a well-characterized hCDX is unequivocally distinct in three genetically diverse strains. The chemical approach is to use 2-deoxy glucose (2DG) to dampen the immune system in order to reduce graft rejection. We found that the growth kinetics and engraftment acceptability rates of a well-characterized hPDX were highly unique in eight genetically distinct outbred mice treated with 2DG. These findings provide proof of concept that xenografting can be conducted in genetically diverse mice. Development of these novel platforms will provide the genetic diversity necessary for the growth of any type of tumor, expanding the PDX platform to sustain cancers that have previously failed to xenograft. This abstract is also being presented as Poster B33. Citation Format: Jennifer Sargent, Roberto Cartagena, Stephanie Trowbridge, Steven Munger, Muneer Hasham. Impact of genetic diversity on the growth of human-derived xenografts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PHB02.


Tripodal ligands have been utilized for complexation-induced structural change, but all the tripodal complexes reported so far are facial isomers, which do not completely reduce the recognition ability by closing the binding pocket. We now report the first example of the selective synthesis of a meridional tripodal complex. The tripodal ligand with a 1,3,5-triethyl-2,4,6-tris(methylene)benzene pivot possessing 2,2'-bipyridine on each arm exclusively formed a mononuclear complex with the mer-[Fe(bpy)]2+ unit. The meridional tripodal complex has a unique structure in which one bipyridine unit is self-penetrated. As a result of cavity blockage, the ion recognition property of the tripodand has been successfully suppressed.


In the last few years significant progress has been made in the area of network capacity provisioning and traffic engineering. Most of the proposed methods in the literature assume knowledge of the intradomain traffic matrix. Several methodologies have been proposed for estimating traffic matrices. For instance, the authors in [1] propose a technique that combines flow level measurements collected at all ingress links with reachability information about the egress links. An information theoretic approach to estimate traffic matrices was presented in [3], where the illposed traffic matrix estimation problem is solved using regularization based on entropy penalization. The tomogravity model, presented in [4], combined the gravity model and standard tomography methods to estimate the traffic matrix.


Considering the large-scale fall in Longtian Tunnel of Longlin-Baise Expressway, the article analyzed the causes of the fall,and put forth appropriate monitoring and measurement and treatment plans,providing reference for treating similar tunnel fall in the future.


The regularity of changes in phenolic compounds(flavonoids and phenolic acids) and antioxidant activity of citrus fruits from two common varieties,satsuma mandarin and ponkan during storage were determined for the evaluation of postharvest functional quality.The results indicated that ascorbic acid content revealed a drastic decrease in ponkan fruits during storage for 60 days while satsuma mandarin maintained a high level.Phenolic compounds in both varieties were stable.Flavanone content increased after storage in satsuma mandarin but decreased in ponkan.Phenolic acids increased in both varieties.The content of total phenolic compounds gradually decreased during the early storage period,and increased in satsuma mandarin in the end of storage.Antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid content showed similar change trends.Satsuma mandarin maintained better fruit quality and higher content of phenolic compounds as well as antioxidant activity when compared with ponkan.


In dogs, thrombosis is a major complication detected in many conditions. The limits of the current available anticoagulants in veterinary medicine are their variable effects from one patient to another, bleeding complications and subcutaneous injections for heparin administration. Rivaroxaban is a novel oral anticoagulant approved for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis in humans. It is a direct factor Xa inhibitor. The objectives of the study were to determine the haemostatic effects of rivaroxaban in healthy dogs by evaluating the following coagulation assays: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), anti-factor X activity, thrombin generation (TG) and thromboelastography (TEG®). An in vitro study was conducted: citrated platelet poor plasma from 20 healthy Beagles was aliquoted and mixed with rivaroxaban to obtain solutions ranging from 0 to 1000 mg/L of the anticoagulant. Rivaroxaban exerted a concentration-dependent anticoagulant effect. Rivaroxaban solutions at 0.024 and 0.053 mg/L cause 50% inhibition of the propagation of TG and of the optical density of anti-factor X activity respectively. These assays were the most sensitive to detect the anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban. Secondly, 24 healthy Beagles were randomly divided in 3 groups (n=8) and received one placebo pill orally, or 20 mg rivaroxaban once or twice at 8h interval. Fifteen citrated blood samples were collected from each dog over 30h. For each coagulation assay except for TEG®, there was a significant difference in assay results between placebo and rivaroxaban groups (p<0.0001). The duration of the rivaroxaban anticoagulant effect was 7.9-18.7h in the group receiving rivaroxaban once, and 17.5-26.8h in the group receiving rivaroxaban twice. The peak of action of rivaroxaban appeared 2h after the dose. Only R parameter of TEG® was significantly affected by rivaroxaban administration. To conclude, rivaroxaban is an efficient anticoagulant in healthy dogs at 2 mg/kg. A twice daily administration seems appropriate to exert a 24h anticoagulation. Key-words: coagulation, rivaroxaban, dog, thrombosis, pharmacodynamics


Teachers often teach on their own in their individual classrooms and thus have to mostly rely on themselves to reflect on their teaching practices and make improvements. This study explores the potential of using a video self-analysis component in an undergraduate technology integration course to help preservice teachers effectively integrate technology into instruction. Specifically, this study explores the impact of video self-analysis on developing preservice teachers Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge TPACK. Results reveal video self-analysis was beneficial in helping preservice teachers facilitate their TPACK development. However, participants TPACK development varied within the six TPACK knowledge domains.


With increasing numbers of men living with prostate cancer for many years, there is a growing need for improved support in the long term. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons


We present the discovery of rare active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in nearby (z < 0.05) compact elliptical galaxies (cEs) located in isolated environments. Using spectroscopic data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 12, four AGNs were identified based on the optical emission-line diagnostic diagram. SDSS optical spectra of AGNs show the presence of distinct narrow-line emissions. Utilizing the black hole (BH) mass–stellar velocity dispersion scaling relation and the correlation between the narrow L([O iii])/L(Hβ) line ratio and the width of the broad Hα emission line, we estimated the BH masses of the cEs to be in the range of 7 × 105–8 × 107 M ⊙. The observed surface brightness profiles of the cEs were fitted with a double Sérsic function using the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey r-band imaging data. Assuming the inner component as the bulge, the K-band bulge luminosity was also estimated from the corresponding Two Micron All Sky Survey images. We found that our cEs follow the observed BH mass–stellar velocity dispersion and BH mass–bulge luminosity scaling relations, albeit there was a large uncertainty in the derived BH mass of one cE. In view of the observational properties of BHs and those of the stellar populations of cEs, we discuss the proposition that cEs in isolated environments are bona fide low-mass early-type galaxies (i.e., a nature origin).


This study explores the operation of, and predicaments and controversies in, schools that work together in local education networks to develop planning, management, and joint training processes based on collaborative work that fosters progress and improvement in schools. This was done using qualitative and quantitative data collection strategies, questionnaires and biographical-narrative techniques with professionals working in school networks: interviews with district advisors, education network coordinators, observations and recordings from working group sessions, and questionnaires administered mostly to school principals and teachers. The results show that working in education networks promotes the creation of an inter-school organizational structure, responsibility sharing, collaborative learning, consensus-building between schools, and an increase in a work philosophy based on equity, learning for all, and school improvement.


OLIVEIRA, ROBERTA CAMARGOS. Nutrient accumulation, productivity and quality of potato cv. Asterix after application of potassium fertilizer sources. 2013. 89f. Dissertation (Master's degree in Agriculture / Soil Sciences) – Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 2 . The high demand and response of potatoes to the addition of nutrients to the soil provides attention to relevant aspects related to fertility (application, quantity, sources). Adequate fertilization allows a balance between soil and plant nutrients, resulting in excellent returns for farmers and better quality produce for consumers. This study evaluated the development, productivity and quality of potato tubers, cultivar Asterix, after the application of two sources of potassium fertilizers and their combinations (KCl and K2SO4.2MgSO4), as well as nutrient absorption and nutritional diagnosis. The experiment was conducted in the county of Perdizes (MG). The experimental design was a randomized block with nine treatments and four replications as a split plot factorial. Plots were the treatments while subplots were plant sampling dates (biweekly). The amount of nutrients (N, P and K) used was based on physical and chemical analyses of soil and crop demand. Ninety quilograms of N, 180 kg of K2O and 750 kg of P2O5 were applied per hectare. Treatments consisted of application of the K2O dose in combinations of two sources of potassium fertilizer (KCl and K2SO4.2MgSO4). In general, the combination of sources of potassium fertilizers favors the accumulation of dry leaf, stem and tuber matter, with a quadratic response for leaves and stems and linear for tubers. Some proportions between the sources favored the accumulation of K in leaves and stems; however, these were not different from the application of each source alone. There was a gradual accumulation increase in the tubers during the crop cycle, with the greatest accumulations when the fertilizer proportions of the two sources of fertilizer were applied. The application of 100% of the fertilizer as KCl showed greater Cl accumulation in leaves, stems and tubers; however, not different from some combinations with K2SO4.2MgSO4. The order of deficiency obtained from the DRIS, in areas of high and low productivity were, respectively: Mn> Zn> P> Cu> K> Mg> Fe> B> N> S> Ca and Mg> Zn> K> Mn > Ca> P> B> S> Cu> N> Fe, whereas the order of excess were P> Fe> Mg> Zn> Mn> B> Ca> O> N> Cu> K and Cu> Zn> Fe> B> N> S> Mg> P> Mn> K> Ca. The nutritional unbalances obtained by IBN showed that soil nutrient levels should be monitored, looking for the improvement in nutrient dynamics along the successive crops. Productivity, percentage of soluble solids, total sugars, reducing sugars, starch, tuber dry matter, moisture and ash contents did not differ between sources of potassium fertilizers: KCl and K2SO4.2MgSO4 and their combinations, for cv. Asterix at the dose of 180 kg K2O ha -1 , possibly because the amount applied was not sufficient to reflect the potential deleterious effects of chlorine.


Our research explores the practice of Record Linkage (RL), also known as Entity Resolution, Record Matching and the Object Identity Problem, in Big health services databases as is commonly practiced within the domain, and some of the approximate string matching methods used for this purpose. We also propose potential improvements to RL and string matching that have been shown in experiments to increase the quality and efficiency for information systems tasked with this problem. We have developed an in-memory graph-based data model, Aggregate Link and Iterative Match (ALIM), which compresses data by eliminating redundancy and stores alias, approximate and phonetic match links between stored data. We have also developed an enhanced edit-distance optimization, the Probabilistic Signature Hash Filter (PSH), which can perform the Damerau-Levenshtein (DL) edit-distance comparison nearly 6000 times faster than DL alone and produce the same exact approximate match results. Our experiments show significant accuracy and performance gains over a system currently in use by a local health department.


Three isolates/strains of Metarhizium anisopliae were isolated from swarmed adults of Coptotermes heimi at No-shehra Virkan, Gujranwala. The exposure methods of these isolates against termites included soil substrate and filter paper treatment with different concentrations (1 × 10 4 , 1 × 10 6 , 1 × 10 8 , 1 × 10 10 conidia mL -1 ) of conidial suspension. LT50 for three strains of M anisopliae on C. heimi were comparatively more (65-106 h) in soil than on filter paper (50-83 h). There was significant difference in different concentrations of all strains of M. anisolpliae (p<0.05).


Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is crucial and its significance is prominent in every application of computational linguistics. WSD is a challenging problem of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Though there are lots of algorithms for WSD available, still little work is carried out for choosing optimal algorithm for that. Three approaches are available for WSD, namely, Knowledge-based approach, Supervised approach and Unsupervised approach. Also, one can use the combination of given approaches. Supervised approach needs large amounts of manually created sense-annotated corpus which takes computationally more amount of time and effort. Knowledge-based approach requires machine readable dictionaries, sense inventories, thesauri, etc, which are dependent on own interpretation about word's sense; Whereas unsupervised approach uses sense-unannotated corpus and it is based on the phenomenon of working that words that co-occur have similarity. This research is for Hindi language which uses Hierarchical clustering algorithm with different similarity measures which are cosine, Jaccard and dice, the result of clusters is overlapped with Hindi WordNet a product of IIT Bombay which improves result of word sense disambiguation as clustering does grouping of words which are similar.


We thank Dr Kelly and Professor Cook for their helpful comments [1], which add important detail to our editorial [2]. There is perhaps a slight difference in emphasis as we see the fundamental issue as being to confirm correct placement and not just detect oesophageal placement. Their proposal for capnographdisplay is not incompatible with our suggestion for an 'intelligent' audible alarm to alert the operator, but we do not agree that the display alone (without audible alarm) will be useful. We agree that videolaryngoscopy (with screen technology) should be universal, that is used by default. We sincerely hope that, together with Kelly, Cook and other colleagues, we can make this idea of universal videolaryngoscopy the norm in the literature. User familiarity apart (which we hope will be addressed by training), there now needs to be a specific indication for using direct (Macintosh) laryngoscopy, but we cannot imagine at present what that specific indicationmight be. We support Kelly and Cook's comments on mandatory training. This should, however, be more than a tick-box exercise that so much mandatory training within the NHS appears to have become [3]. Coupled with training should be education (the reading, discussing and understanding of the wider literature) [4]. The frank admission to the coroner by a clinical director in the unit where the index tragedy occurred, that there was no awareness of 'no trace, wrong place', suggests there is much more to be done by all anaesthesia organisations in this regard. Finally, Kelly and Cook appear to suggest that, because clinical assessment cannot confirm correct positioning, it should be abandoned altogether. We caution against this. (It would be akin to suggesting cardiologists abandon the stethoscope, simply because echocardiography now supersedes it.) Clinical examination is, or ought to be, part of a ritual that culminates in checking the capnograph and verbalising the result. It is also essential because, as discussed elsewhere, 'no trace, wrong place' does not mean 'positive trace, correct place' [5]. There are many life-threatening scenarios where, despite a positive carbon dioxide trace, the tube ismisplaced and this requires clinical assessment.


Variations in the phenotypic expression of heterozygous beta thalassemia reflect the formation of different populations. To better understand the profile of heterozygous beta-thalassemia of the Brazilian population, we aimed at establishing parameters to direct the diagnosis of carriers and calculate the frequency from information stored in an electronic database. Using a Data Mining tool, we evaluated information on 10,960 blood samples deposited in a relational database. Over the years, improved diagnostic technology has facilitated the elucidation of suspected beta thalassemia heterozygote cases with an average frequency of 3.5% of referred cases. We also found that the Brazilian beta thalassemia trait has classic increases of Hb A2 and Hb F (60%), mainly caused by mutations in beta zero thalassemia, especially in the southeast of the country.


Discusses aspects of the Japanese economic miracle, where industry and business are seen as superior in quality. Argues, briefly, that Westerners fail to understand Japanese business behaviour because they do not realize that the Japanese are not constrained by Western concepts, but are bound by a different culture. Argues for an intelligent recognition of the economic war between Japanese and Western companies – and a change of tactics from the Westerners.


10 Achieving water security in ungauged basins is critically hindered by a lack of in situ river discharge 11 data to assess past, current and future evolution of water resources. To overcome this challenge, there 12 has been a shift toward the use of freely available satellite and reanalysis data products. However, 13 due to inherent bias and uncertainty, these secondary sources require careful evaluation to ascertain 14 their performance before being applied in ungauged basins. The objectives of this study were to 15 evaluate river discharge and evapotranspiration estimates from eight gridded water resources 16 reanalysis (WRR), six satellite-based evapotranspiration (ET) products and ET estimates derived 17 from complimentary relationship (CR-ET) across eight river basins located in Central-West Africa. 18 We also estimated the relative uncertainties in monthly basin-scale water balance evapotranspiration 19 (ET WB ) across all the basins. Results highlight strengths and weaknesses of the different WRR in 20 simulating discharge dynamics and ET across the basins. Likewise satellite-based products also show 21 some strength and weaknesses in simulating monthly ET. Analyses further revealed that the relative 22 uncertainties in monthly ET WB range from 4–25 % with a significant increase in magnitude during 23 the rainy season while river discharge appear to be the dominant source of uncertainty. Our results further revealed that the performance of the models in simulating river discharge and 25 evapotranspiration is strongly influenced by model


Time-series analysis examines the impact of the alcohol warning label on in-pregnancy drinking by 21,127 African-American pregnant women between 1986 and 1995. Controlling for patient characteristics and unemployment rate, the authors find that the label had a significant, modest impact on drinking. The results suggest that more intensive interventions are needed to reduce in-pregnancy drinking.


As we saw, Deligne made a conjecture for varieties (actually at the level of motives) for the special values of L-function. If X/Q is a smooth projective variety, we can form the L-function L(H iX, s), and Deligne's conjecture concerns L(H iX, q) for certain "critical" a. There is a functional equation relating L(s)↔ L(i+ 1− s). Set p = i+ 1. By the functional equation, we can assume that q ≥ p/2. For most of the talk we'll be assuming that actually q p/2. The reason is that we usually want to avoid q = p/2, which is the "central point" (the value here encompasses L(E, 1) for an elliptic curve E). The point q = p/2 + 1/2 is the "right of center" point (and its values encompass ζ(1)). Deligne's conjecture says that in the "critical case" L(H X, q) ∼Q a period determinant. This period determinant is for a map (2πi)H i B(X,Z) F∞=(−1) → H i dR(X)/F H i dR(X). (1.1)


SARS-CoV-2 has affected people all over the world as the causative agent of COVID-19. The virus is related to the highly lethal SARS-CoV responsible for the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak in Asia. Intense research is ongoing to understand why both viruses have different spreading capacities and mortality rates. Similar to other betacoronaviruses, long-range RNA-RNA interactions occur between different parts of the viral genomic RNA, resulting in discontinuous transcription and production of various sub-genomic RNAs. These sub-genomic RNAs are then translated into different viral proteins. An important difference between both viruses is a polybasic insertion in the Spike region of SARS-CoV-2, absent in SARS-CoV. Here we show that a 26-base-pair long-range RNA-RNA interaction occurs between the genomic region downstream of the Spike insertion and ORF8 in SARS-CoV-2. Predictions suggest that the corresponding ORF8 region forms the most energetically favorable interaction with that of Spike region from amongst all possible candidate regions within SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA. We also found signs of sequence covariation in the predicted interaction using a large dataset with 27,592 full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes. In particular, a synonymous mutation in ORF8 accommodated for base pairing with Spike [G23675 C28045U], and a non-synonymous mutation in Spike accommodated for base pairing with ORF8 [C23679U G28042] both of which were in close proximity of one another. The predicted interactions can potentially be related to regulation of sub-genomic RNA production rates.


The paper presents a model of the attached growth biological process in a mobile bed biofilm reactor. It takes into account both the biological film attached on mobile elements area and suspended biofilm in a reactor. Writing it in dimensionless form, the model is generalized. A linear stability analysis is made to investigate conditions to have a stable long-run biomass concentration in the reactor, an analysis that is useful for the proper operation of bioreactor. This analysis leads to a relation that is deduced from among kinetic parameters, dilution rate, influent substrate concentration and a new parameter, named carrier media constant, that has to be satisfied to avoid the washout behavior of the bioreactor.


Objective: interpret the perceptions about sexual initiation, pregnancy and abortion of a group of female adolescents belonging to cultures Maya (Kaqchikel), Ladina and Garifuna in Guatemala, from April to May of 2016. Population and methods: study with qualitative approach ethnographic mode by means of the technique of focus groups, information of 10 volunteers from every culture, was collected through a group interview whose subject money around the previously elaborated categories (sexual initiation, pregnancy and abortion). Results: sexual initiation is associated with pregnancy and to mature, also is a way to "have fun" and "make love". Pregnancy is creating a new life, arising as a result of sexual contact between two people that may or may not love each other, and also as an impossibility to continue studying. Abortion is considered murder and an association with sin, primarily induced abortion. Conclusion: the coercion, influence of the friendships and the technology are factors trigger for an initiation sexual in the adolescence. Pregnancy is perceived as giving life to a new being, the main impact is to not be able to develop fully. On abortion, they agree that hemorrhage is the main physical consequence.


OBJECTIVE
This paper presents a method for treating maxillary neuralgia, the second division of trigeminal nerve.

METHOD
One hundred and thirty six cases with 136 trigeminal neuralgia were treated from 2004 to 2011. All patients were treated with endoscopic surgery at the pterygopalatofossa through approach to the maxillary sinus for resecting maxillary nerve and infraorbital nerve.

RESULT
One hundred and eighteen patients were relieved after operation and no recurrence of neuralgia was occurred after 2 to 8 years of follow-up.

CONCLUSION
This method had the advantages of avoiding to operate craniotomy with no complications, which was performed easily with valid efficacy.


The external balance sheets of many emerging market countries are distinguished by their holdings of assets primarily in the form of foreign debt and foreign exchange reserves, while their liabilities are predominantly equity, either foreign direct investment or portfolio equity. We investigate the claim that this composition served as a buffer for the emerging markets during the global financial crisis of 2008–09. We use data from a sample of 67 emerging market and advanced economies, and several indicators of the crisis are utilized: GDP growth rates in 2008–09, the occurrence of bank crises and the use of IMF credit. Our results show that those countries that issued FDI liabilities had higher growth rates, fewer bank crises and were less likely to borrow from the IMF. Countries with debt liabilities, on the other hand, had more bank crises and were more likely to use IMF credit. We conclude that the "long debt, short equity" (hold debt assets, issue equity liabilities) strategy of emerging markets did mitigate the effects of the global financial crisis.


In order that resolve the high trouble rate of the illuminant system of the optical recording tiltmeter at seismic station,a Controller of the time signal and illuminant Light is developed.Many measures that give the correct time by the digital clock and control the time signal Light by delaying the timing signal are adopted,so that the running time of the instrument without a hitch and the service life of the battery are prolonged,the observation quality is improved obviously.


By arbitraging among consumer comfort margins, buildings energy consumption can be changed by providing flexibility to grids. To manipulate the buildings energy consumption, a new contract-based approach to for multi-zone building heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is proposed. The approach includes the real-time markets by changing buildings optimal consumption pattern based on triggers sent by the aggregator. Also to decrease the energy consumption of buildings, the user is allowed to select the time-slots and rewards are provided to the user for aggregating flexibility. The aggregator bundles flexibility from the buildings at different time-slots and sells in real-time markets. The idea in aggregator's problem is to maximize aggregator's profits by selling flexibility in real-time markets (RTM) while ensuring the provisioning of flexibility from the buildings through incentives. To address this problem, we formulate it as a distributed optimization problem and then provide a method to solve it which provides good scalability, a requirement for large commercial buildings with multiple zones to participate in RTM. We illustrate the scalability and performance of the contract-based approach and solution technique in a building with 200 zones. Also, user participation based on their time-preferences is included in the proposed optimization. Finally, a scalable technique is shown which can be adopted in existing building automation systems.


A new Bayesian lasso tobit regression method is proposed. The new method is presented as a scale mixture of truncated normal distribution (SMTND) of Laplace distribution with exponential mixing density. The equality e|β|=eα|β|e(1−α)|β| , is used to write the familiar laplace density as the product of two different Gibbs samplers. Simulation studies are used to illustrate the new algorithm.


This work represents the final year project for BSc Physics with Astrophysics degree and it mainly focuses on empirical investigation of the photometry of quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the UK Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) Infrared Sky Survey (UKIDSS) systems. The studies include 5730 quasars matched from both surveys and examine UV/optical/near-IR properties of the population. The sample covers the redshift and absolute magnitude ranges 0.01 < z < 3 and -29.3 < M i < -13.8 and 17 per cent of the SDSS quasars have matching success to the UKIDSS data. The combination of SDSS ugriz with the JHK near-IR photometry from UKIDSS over large areas of the sky has enormous potential for advancing our understanding of quasar population, keeping in mind that these surveys have not reached their terminations.


The understanding of body-body collisions in the solar system is essential for explaining the development of all terrestrial planets and other solid celestial bodies. Therefore, hyper-velocity impact experiments were conducted at the ErnstMach Institute in Freiburg. The experiments were undertaken within the MEMIN project in which a light gas canon was used to impact different sedimentary stone targets. The achieved velocities reach up to seven kilometers per second. Among other targets, sandstone was used and these results will be presented. To examine the sub-crater damage we used ultrasonic transit time tomography. Individual cross-sections were taken in different depths below the crater. The reduced velocity can be taken as a measure for the damage which is caused by the impact. The reconstruction was done using the SIRT algorithm. The observed damaged zones show a good correlation with projectile size and velocity. Also the degree of the damage varies with the impact energy. More information can be found in other papers of the MEMIN group, and a part of the following article is based on earlier publications one by Moser et al. [2013a; 2013b].


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of endothelium-derived factors (NO and ET) in the development of the salt-sensitive hypertension and to assess possible interaction between these substances. A total of 52 patients with mild arterial hypertension were studied. Patients were divided in two groups (salt-sensitive and salt-resistant groups) in accordance with the type of their response to the changes in dietary sodium content. Data obtained show that all hypertensive patients irrespective from their type of salt-sensitivity exhibited significantly decreased NO and ET plasma levels. The salt sensitive hypertensive patients showed significant decreases in plasma NO concentrations compared to salt-resistant patients. The highest levels of ET were found in salt-sensitive hypertensives. In conclusion, salt-sensitive hypertension is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction expressed by decreased NO and elevated ET plasma levels with significant negative correlation between these endothelium-derived agents. It might be suggested that salt-sensitivity additionally contributes to the further deterioration of the endothelial function, presumably via impairing NO production and enhancing ET release.


This work describes the discourse markers present in two corpora for European Portuguese, in different domains (university lectures and map-task dialogues). In this study, we also perform a multiclass automatic classification task based on prosodic features to verify in both corpora which words are discourse markers, which are disfluencies, and which are sentence like-units (SUs). Results show that the selection of discourse markers varies across domain and between speakers. As for the classification task, results show that the discourse markers are better classified in the lectures corpus (87%) than in the dialogue corpus (84%). However, cross-domain experiments evidenced that data trained with the dialogue corpus predicts better the events in the lecture corpus, since this domain displays more speakers and therefore complex patterns. In both corpora, markers are more easily classified as SUs than as disfluencies.


This work studies the dependency of MIMO performance figures on two characteristic multipath cluster parameters, the innercluster Angular Spread of Arrival (ASA) and the number of clusters. Both these parameters play a vital role in geometric based stochastic channel models as from the WINNER or COST families. Our motivation to the study these parameters is two-fold. First, we study their impact on the changing statistics of channel transmit and receive side correlations. Second, we will investigate their impact on the single user MIMO channel capacity. We present a detailed analysis for different MIMO order setups with both single as well as dual polarized antenna elements under Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-LOS (NLOS) propagation conditions. One key result is, that the number of clusters is more dominant than the angular spread of it. This empirical investigation considered a 3D extension of the WINNER channel model and the urban macro cell scenario at a center frequency of 2.53 GHz.


LEARNER GENERATED MATERIALS IN ADULT LITERACY PROGRAMS AS A VEHICLE FOR DEVELOPMENT: THEORY AND PRACTICE IN CASE STUDIES IN NEPAL MAY 1996 CLIFFORD TREVOR MEYERS B.A., ST. OLAF COLLEGE M.A.T., SCHOOL FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAINING Ed.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor David Kinsey Adult literacy and non~formal basic education programs have been implemented on a continuous basis in Nepal for the past 20 years. Both the Ministry of Education and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been implementing literacy courses as "entry points" for community development programs. This exploratory study examines three NGOs which, as part of their adult literacy programs, have organized adult new literates to develop and publish print materials. This process and the resultant texts have been termed Learner Generated Materials (LGM). Through a critical review of the literature, theoretical rationales and approaches for the use of LGM methods are identified, and patterns of practice, especially in Asia, are analyzed. Three intensive case studies of LGM activities in Nepal, utilizing field research, interviews and observation, describe the process of implementing LGM methods and the use of the materials developed in the Nepal context.


Abstract Vietnam has an important agricultural sector with a need for new agricultural technology and an increased demand for imports. This paper provides an overview of the importance of Vietnam's agricultural sector. It then discusses its agricultural policy and trade development, concluding with a discussion of opportunities and challenges in the sector and their implications from a global perspective.


This letter reports record-breaking low defect counts for immersion lithography, the mechanism for forma- tion of particle-printing defects, and for two new exposure routings to achieve the low defect counts. Both new routings make the slot-scan directions parallel to the field-stepping directions, whereas in the normal routing the two directions are perpendicular to each other. From experimental data, the average defect count for one of the special routings is 4.8 per wafer, while it is 19.7 per wafer for normal routing. © 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.


methods: This is a single arm multicenter prospective pilot study which enrolled 111 patients from 3 centers with Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class II-IV, despite optimal medical management and reversible ischemia, echocardiography, and SPECT from 2010-2012. Patients underwent 9 ESMR treatments over 9 weeks and were followed 4 months post-ESMR with physical exam, symptom assessment, SPECT and echocardiogram.


Healthcare industry is one of the emerging industries of strategic importance all around the world. By searching domestic and overseas information of patent publication,we analyzed hot research topics and trend of healthcare industry. By analyzing patent publication volume of global healthcare industry and the patent volume of application priority,we found some differences and deficiencies in innovation attractiveness and capacity between China and America. In the meanwhile,we proposed suggestions for healthcare patent portfolio and development so as to provide references for the development of healthcare industry. The study showed an upward trend of the healthcare publication volume in the last five years. China ranked second in the global healthcare publication volume with a compound annual growth rate of 23. 87%,which was much higher than the global average level( 4. 09%),demonstrating the increasing innovation attractiveness and capacity of China in this field. However,our patent volume of priority,innovation patent volume and numbers of enterprise applicants were much lower than that of America,indicating that there is still plenty to be promoted in innovation quality and subject. Thus,it is proposed to intensify guidance and support in innovation investment,evaluation of institutes,international competition and public platform.


Maltol and its metal complexes have shown promising applications in medicinal chemistry. We report here the synthesis and characterization of Ru(η6-arene)(halido) coordination compounds bearing maltol or thiomaltol ligands and studies on their behaviour in aqueous solution, their reactions with the DNA model guanosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-GMP) and their in vitro anticancer activity in human tumour cell lines. The compounds hydrolyze rapidly and quantitatively to the respective aqua species by exchange of the halido ligand. With pKa values of >8, such species would also be present in biological media and they proved reactive to 5′-GMP. The thiomaltol compounds show promising in vitro activity with IC50 values (50% inhibitory concentration) in the low micromolar range, whereas activity of the maltol complexes is marginal. Variation of the arene ligand (benzene, toluene, p-cymene or biphenyl) resulted only in minor changes in activity.


Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the soil surface of five different forest types in Thailand were measured using the closed chamber method. Soil samples were also taken to study the N2O production pathways. The monthly average emissions (±SD, n = 12) of N2O from dry evergreen forest (DEF), hill evergreen forest (HEF), moist evergreen forest (MEF), mixed deciduous forest (MDF) and acacia reforestation (ARF) were 13.0 ± 8.2, 5.7 ± 7.1, 1.2 ± 12.1, 7.3 ± 8.5 and 16.7 ± 9.2 µg N m−2 h−1, respectively. Large seasonal variations in fluxes were observed. Emission was relatively higher during the wet season than during the dry season, indicating that soil moisture and denitrification were probably the main controlling factors. Net N2O uptake was also observed occasionally. Laboratory studies were conducted to further investigate the influence of moisture and the N2O production pathways. Production rates at 30% water holding capacity (WHC) were 3.9 ± 0.2, 0.5 ± 0.06 and 0.87 ± 0.01 ng N2O-nitrogen (N) g-dw−1day−1 in DEF, HEF and MEF respectively. At 60% WHC, N2O production rates in DEF, HEF and MEF soils increased by factors of 68, 9 and 502, respectively. Denitrification was found to be the main N2O production pathway in these soils except in MEF.


Objective: To explore the application of the HPV screening combined with Thin Prep cytology(TCT) and loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP) in diagnosis treatment of the cervical lesions of highrisk viral infections. Methods:From January 2013 to January 2014, 1 126 women were tested by HPV testing combined with Thin Prep cytology(TCT) in our hospital. Those patients with positive result(s)(one or two tests)underwent the colposcopic biopsy and pathological exam. Those patients with high-risk HPV were divided into 3groups, A9, A7 and A5/A6, while those patients with high-risk HPV and cervical lesions of high-risk pattern were treated by LEEP knife resection under electronic colposcope. The incidence of high-risk HPV cervical infection, the results of follow-up and treatment and the incidence of different types of cervical lesions in those patients with different high-risk HPV ws classification were compared. Results:Fourteen types of high-risk type HPV were detected in 1 126 women. The incidence of high-risk HPV was 8.5%(96/1 126). There was not significant difference in the incidences of different types of cervical lesions in those patients with different highrisk HPV ws classification the three groups(P0.05). After three to six months of treatment, the overall rate of the inverted HPV negative infection was 74.0%(71/96). There was not significant difference in this rate in 3groups difference(the A9 group, 78.9%(30/38); the A7 group, 67.7%(21/31); the A5/A6 group, 74.1%(20/27;χ2=3.272, P0.05). Conclusions:LEEP is a effective method to treat those patients with different high-risk HPV ws classification infection.


Abstract Real hypersurfaces in a complex space form whose structure Jacobi operator is symmetric along the Reeb flow are studied. Among them, homogeneous real hypersurfaces of type $\left( A \right)$ in a complex projective or hyperbolic space are characterized as those whose structure Jacobi operator commutes with the shape operator.


Cotton specimens were chemically modified with solutions containing alkoxysilanes (tetraethoxysilane TEOS), (3glycidylpropyl)trimethoxysilane, GPTMS), or (3-triethoxysilyl-propyl)succinic acid anhydride, TESP-SA), in combination with either boric acid or pyrogenic silica. The cotton samples were impregnated with the hydrolyzed alkoxysilane solutions and thermally treated at 160 °C for 10 min. The physico-mechanical properties (dry crease recovery angle, tensile strength, flexural rigidity, abrasion resistance, air permeability, whiteness index, water vapor permeability) have been evaluated. The samples were analyzed by means of FT-IR and thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA). The morphology of the surface was studied applying confocal laser microscopy. In comparison with the untreated samples, the values of the dry crease recovery angle increased, whereas the tensile strength, flexural rigidity and the whiteness index (WI) decreased.


: Polychaeta is an important class of annelids and has important economic and ecological significance. The classification system of Polychaeta is being restructured and has undergone many changes. Based on previous results of cladistics analysis and volumes of Fauna Sinica , we collated keys to the orders and families of benthic groups of Polychaeta from the coastal waters of China. Referring to Rouse & Fauchald (1997) system, we sorted these benthic groups of Polychaeta into six orders, Scolecida, Spionida, Terebellida, Sabellida, Phyllodocida and Eunicida. We used existing work to compile the keys for the six orders and their constituent families. Finally, we reviewed domestic studies of coastal polychaetes and discussed the contribution of molecular studies to the development of Polychaeta phylogeny.


Interpretation of the volatile abundances in Halley's comet in terms of models for chemical and physical processes in the solar nebula are discussed. Key ratios of the oxidized and reduced species of nitrogen and carbon are identified which tell something of the chemical history of the environment in which cometary grains accreted to form the nucleus. Isotopic abundances are also applied to this problem. It will be shown that the abundances of methane and carbon monoxide are consistent both with models of solar nebula chemistry and chemical processing on grains in star-forming regions. Ultimately, limitations of the current data set on molecular abundances in comets and star-forming regions prevent a definitive choice between the two. Processes important to the composition of outer solar system bodies are: (1) gas phase chemistry in the solar nebula; (2) imperfect mixing in the solar nebula; (3) condensation; (4) clathration; (5) adsorption; and (6) processing of interstellar material.


In the multi-ethnic country,ethnic minorities would form bias on general strong language out of their mother tongue and the language of their own community with the imbalance for using Chinese on object.As minority students,they need to make objective evaluation on the national common language and the actual function of the national language,to make a choice of the main language,to learn and master the second language,concerned about the status and future of their language and culture.It will help minority students enter into mainstreaming society,pass on and carry forward their excellent traditional culture.


According to the results of Fedida and Molino [9], the structure of a G-Lie foliation F on a compact manifold M can be described by means of four locally trivial fibre bundles. In this paper we study the relations that those fibrations imply among the (rational) homotopy groups of: the manifold M, the generic leaf L, its closure N = L, the basic manifold W, the Lie group G, and the structural Lie group H. Also, we prove that those relations are a particular case of an algebraic result concerning generalized homology theories.


Objective: To investigate the value of ultrasonography and enhanced CT in the diagnosis of bladder tumor. Methods: 46 patients with bladder tumor were selected and detected by ultrasonography and enhanced CT. The detection rates of two methods were compared. Results: Among the 46 cases with 50 tumor nodes,37 cases were malignant,9 cases were benign. 46 cases with 48 tumor nodes were diagnosed by ultrasonography; 41 cases with 45 tumor nodes were diagnosed by CT. The detection rates of ultrasonography and CT in bladder tumor were 96. 00% and 90. 00%respectively. The difference was not statistically significant( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Both ultrasonography and enhanced CT have high detection rates in the diagnosis of bladder tumor and could provide important reference information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.


and to a small percentage of the world's population. The authors ultimately link levels of inequality to social mobility and identify three paths to social mobility from a world perspective: 1) mobility in the relative position of individuals or groups within national income distributions; 2) mobility in the relative position of nations within world income distributions; or 3) a shift in the relative location of individuals or groups within the global distribution of income through ''categorical mobility'' (defined as moving from a poorer country to a richer one). Nationality and citizenship are the bases of stratification and inequality in the world and they determine how we will live. Notwithstanding myriad methodological caveats on measuring inequality and/or well-being, this book presents a thoughtful and original alternative for studying inequality. As such, it provides a basis for raising many questions about current policies aimed at the improving quality of human life.


Anastomotic false aneurysm (AFA) of the aorta is a potentially lethal complication after prosthetic grafting. Nineteen aneurysms were encountered in 18 patients within a 30-year period (1960-1991). There were 10 men and 8 women, aged 27?0 years (mean 58 years). In 14 patients, the prostheses were made of silk, in 2 were PTFE, and in 1 each Dacron or silk-Dacron cross-weaved. Patients with an intact AFA had a pulsatile abdominal mass, abdominal pain, an oc culuded graft and peripheral emboli. Five patients were asymptomatic. Clinical onset of AFA varied from 2 weeks to 12 years (mean 5 years). The accurate rate of diagnosis of single plane angiography was 75% (3 of 4), and computed tomography 100% (ten of ten). Ultrasound was used only once and suggested an AFA. Four AFAs were less than 5cm in diameter. Five patients refused operation and died in 2 years from rupture. Operative mortality was 11% (1 of 9). Treatment was resection of AFA and replacement with a new graft. Life-ong follow-p is required for p


Abstract The spatial and temporal dynamics ofHeterorhabditisspp. in a citrus grove located in the northwest of the Negev region, Israel, were determined. Seasonal nematode occurrence was investigated in relation to soil depths, distance from the tree trunk, and shade provided by the tree canopy. Insects belonging to the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera were found in the soil samples. For the entire study period, the number of nematodes as a function of shade by the tree canopy showed a linear relationship. Nematode densities were higher on those plots with a high degree of shade. Differences in numbers of nematodes as affected by shade were more obvious during the winter season (specifically in November 1992 and October 1993) and during May and July 1993. Most nematodes were recovered from the deeper soil layers (15–20 and 25–30 cm). Sampling date had a significant effect upon nematode densities on different soil depths. In the upper layer (5–10 cm) nematodes were found mainly during the winter in plots with 75–100% shade. No significant differences were found in numbers of nematodes among distances at any of the sampling dates. However, some trends can be observed. In all the plots with >25% shade, nematodes were mainly recovered 25 cm from the tree trunk.


Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have suggested a potential role of GLP-1 in reproductive functions, offering new avenues for fertility treatment. This paper aims to review the current understanding of GLP-1 analogues to human reproduction, focusing on their potential application in fertility treatment, and discussing the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways involved. Further, we highlight the challenges and future directions in the application of GLP-1 analogues for fertility treatment.


Objective To obtain purified recombinant Neck-CRD fragment of human collectin liver 1(CL-L1) and prepare its polyclonal antibody.Methods The target gene fragment was amplified from full long CL-L1 gene of constructed pcDNA3.1/myc-His-CL-L1,and then inserted into pRSET-C vector.Confirmed by enzymes digstion and sequencing analysis,the recombinant vector was expressed in E.coli BL21 and the expressed fusion protein was purified.Rabbits were immunized with the purified protein for obtaining the antiserum.The titers and specificity of antibodies were measured by ELISA and Western blotting.Results The pRSET-C/NECK-CRD△K vector was constructed.Induced by IPTG,the fusion protein of Mr 19 200 was expressed in E.coli BL21 and purified with Ni-NTA column.The results of ELISA and Western blotting indicated that the prepared polyclonal antibody had high titer and specificity.Conclusion The purified Neck-CRD fragment of human CL-L1 and polyclonal antibody have been acquired,which lays the foundation for further research on human CL-L1.


In the paper some approaches, using program Pajek, to analysis and visualization of networks derived from texts are presented and illustrated on Reuters terror news network. It is shown that using the proposed approaches we can identify in the news network the main themes as we remember them from the news of that period, and also to filter out the secondary themes.


In his recent book Delusions and Beliefs Kengo Miyazono offers a thoroughgoing defence of delusions as biologically malfunctioning beliefs, greatly elaborating on his earlier (2015) defence of this view. Miyazono has it that delusions have biological doxastic functions (i.e. functions specific to belief), and that delusions involve direct or indirect malfunctions of this kind. In this short piece, I focus on Miyazono's defence of a two-factor approach to delusion formation as it appears in Chapter Four (Etiology). Miyazono approaches his discussion of the debate between oneand two-factor theories having already defended the key thesis of the book: that delusions are malfunctioning beliefs. Of course, that thesis might be thought to mesh nicely with the two-factor theorist's claim that there is a cognitive abnormality present in delusion formation or maintenance. However, I will discuss Miyazono's defence of the two-factor position in isolation from its role in his overall account of delusion. Miyazono abstracts away from the particulars of Max Coltheart's two-factor view, and takes himself to be investigating the plausibility of two-factor theories without the specific commitments of Coltheart's view (i.e. that the first factor of the Capgras delusion is not consciously accessible, and that the second factor is related to right hemisphere abnormalities). Miyazono also captures under the two-factor heading theories which locate the second factor in belief maintenance rather than just in belief formation. He puts forward a new argument for a two-factor approach which goes via inference to the best explanation. I begin by arguing that Miyazono's starting motivation for a two-factor approach rests on a misrepresentation of the one-factor approach. Then I turn to the four components of Miyazono's inference to the best explanation argument, and argue that in each case, we do not have grounds for positing a second factor.


Presented on Wednesday, March 16, 2011 from 3:00pm to 4:00pm in Howey building lecture Room 5 on the Georgia Tech Campus.


Workover is a very important job to maintain normal productivity of oil and gas well from start-up to depleted period and increase EOR.In SPA,many gas fields have already come into the medium term or later period.Wells in workover is now becoming more and more increasingly and workover is also more and more difficult.Advanced workover technology can achieve good workover results and get good economic benefit.The paper summarizes regular workover technology and state-of-art in southern sichuan gas fields.The characteristic and developing trend of workover technology abroad are presented.


The first part of paper focuses on the results of a fuzzy system study for analyzing the collision level of marine autonomous surface vessels (MASV) with located sea crafts encountered in the path of a ship. In this system, the MASV risk collision level is determined depending on two input variables (first is the distance at closest point of approach and second is the time to closest point of approach). The system makes a decision using the Mamdani fuzzy inference algorithm. For improving the system characteristics quality was developed the neuro-fuzzy model for measure MASV collision risk level is constructed and implemented by hybridizing the fuzzy system with neural network technologies based on the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System. The neuro-fuzzy system study describes on second part of the paper. The presented results of the investigation of the designed models show satisfactory outcomes and relevance of the model data to the problems being solved.


The work-related satisfactions and stressors of experienced Olympic sport psychologists were examined. This study was designed to identify (a) specific intervention techniques used by the sport psychologist, (b) psychosocial concerns experienced by the sport psychologist, (c) concerns of the Olympic athlete, and (d) ethical issues related to communication with the media. Results revealed that these sport psychologists were satisfied both personally and professionally. In addition, the outcome category (winning/losing) reported as a primary concern by the athletes was addressed by the sport psychologists as an individual/personal issue, an interpersonal concern or a performance enhancement concern.


Peel from unripe plantain is obtained when the pulp is used for the next production process as starch isolation or dry flour. Plantain peel flour (PPF) was obtained and its chemical composition, composition of the dietary fiber (DF), polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, and functional properties were studied. PPF had more relevant amounts of protein, ash, total starch, and total dietary fiber (TDF). The main component of DF was the insoluble fraction, with a higher level of cellulose than hemicellulose and lignin. In the insoluble fraction uronic acid was the most predominant acidic monosaccharide, while mannose was in the soluble fraction. Extractable polyphenols were found in the lowest amount, but showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Water- and oil-holding capacity values increased when the temperature of the test increased. The PPF with high DF content, high antioxidant capacity, and functional characteristics could be used as a functional ingredient for the elaboration of food products.


Background: Endermologie has been presented as a treatment to reduce cellulite and as a noninvasive method of body contouring.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of Endermologie in cellulite reduction and body contouring, (2) compare the results of external ultrasound-assisted liposuction (EUAL) with those of Endermologie with regard to body contouring and cellulite reduction, and (3) determine whether EUAL is as effective in cellulite reduction as it is in body contouring.

Methods: A prospective study comparing 2 closely matched, nonrandomized groups of 36 women each was conducted. Group 1 underwent a 20-week course of Endermologie, concentrating on the abdomen, flanks, hips, and thighs. Group 2 underwent EUAL to the superficial and deep subcutaneous areas of the flanks, hips, and thighs. Methods of evaluation included analysis of standardized 35-mm photography, standardized circumferential body measurements, and body composition. Photographic results were evaluated by objective blind grading from 4 physicians. Patient satisfaction was assessed through use of a questionnaire.

Results: No significant complications were noted in either group. In the EUAL group, the average volume of aspirate was 1900 mL, with a subsequent contour revision required in 11% of cases. The standardized circumferential body measurements of the waist, hips, thighs, and right knees of the EUAL patients demonstrated a reduction greater than that noted in the Endermologie patients; this difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The body composition analysis of the EUAL patients demonstrated a greater reduction in the percentage of body fat, fat mass, body weight, lean body mass, and impedance than that seen in the Endermologie group; this difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The EUAL patients exhibited an increase in total body water greater than that noted in the Endermologie group; this difference was statistically significant (P < .05). In the Endermologie group, the results of objective blind photographic grading demonstrated a mean improvement of 25% in body contour, which was largely proportional to weight loss, and a mean cellulite reduction of 50%. In the EUAL group, a mean improvement of 87% in body contour, which represented a true alteration of body contour rather than a proportional reduction, and a mean cellulite reduction of 0% were noted. Mean patient satisfaction was 92% in the Endermologie group and 96% in the EUAL Group.

Conclusions: EUAL has no role in reducing cellulite. Endermologie is the superior choice when cellulite reduction is the goal, but it is not an effective method of body contouring.


Objective To explore the effect of Sanyu hewei soup on expression of let-7a in rats with gastric precancerous lesions.Methods A total of 60 Wistar rats were selected as study subjects,then the Wistar rats were divided into 2groups randomly:control group(11 rats) and model group(49 rats).In order to confirmed whether the model was built successfully,5 rats of model group were selected randomly to be done pathology detection.After the model was built successfully,the rats of model group were divided into 4 groups randomly:model group,high dose group(Sanyu hewei soup:11.50 g·kg-1·d-1),middle dose group(Sanyu hewei soup:5.55 g·kg-1·d-1) and low dose group(Sanyu hewei soup:2.75 g·kg-1·d-1).There were 11 Wistar rats in each group.Results The expression level of let-7a in model control group was significantly lower than that in the control group(t =-7.857,P = 0.000).The expression of let-7a was significantly higher in middle dose and high dose treatment groups than in model control group(t = 3.854,P = 0.001;t = 7.959,P = 0.000),and the incidence rates of precancerous lesions of gastric canner in middle dose and high dose treatment groups were significantly lower than that in model control group(χ2= 7.90,P = 0.037;χ2= 10.29,P = 0.011).Conclusion The expression of let-7a was significantly lower in tissue with precancerous lesions of gastric canner.The high and middle dose of Sanyu hewei soup could up-regulate the expression of let-7a,and reduce the incidence of precancerous lesions of gastric canner significantly.Sanyu hewei soup may inhibit gastric carcinogenesis and its progression through increasing the expression of let-7a.


The third phase of the Council of Trent (1562–63) witnessed a crisis erupt over whether bishops resided in, and ruled, their dioceses de iure divino (by divine right) or by papal authority. Cosimo I de' Medici, the Duke of Florence, cooperated with instructions from Pope Sixtus IV to send the Tuscan bishops to Trent, to vote as a bloc for Episcopal residency by papal authority. This position strengthened papal primacy and weakened bishops' claims to autonomy. Pietro Camaiani, the Bishop of Fiesole and a longstanding Medici loyalist, defied the Duke's instructions, claiming his freedom of conscience and episcopal liberty. Through an examination of diplomatic and personal correspondence, treatises, and judicial documents, I argue that there are three reasonable causes that influenced Camaiani to support episcopal residency de iure divino, in defiance of his patron Cosimo I. These include, the episcopalist theological arguments circulating at the Council, the heterodox literature of the 1540s, and his own lived experience as the Bishop of Fiesole. I uncover the challenges Camaiani faced while governing his diocese that brought him into conflict with Cosimo I, explore the political dimensions of episcopacy by papal authority, and problematize the meaning of Trent's "ideal bishop."


Operational data recorded from five agricultural aircraft are used to compare their flight loads. Four of the airframes were used as single-engine air tankers, whereas the fifth was flown exclusively for agricultural applications. The data collectively consisted of 454 h of flight time from firefighting and 100 h from the agricultural operation. Gust and maneuver vertical load factors are separated using the two-second rule, and their cumulative occurrences are presented per 1000 h. The flight load spectra are presented for the overall flight and for individual phases. Gust loads are shown to behave similarly for all missions. Air tankers are shown to be subject to a large load factor during the drop phase, which occurs once or twice per flight. In the case of agricultural missions, the positive load factors do not reach very high values but occur at much larger frequencies. It is also shown that the load factor alone is not a sufficient indicator of the stresses exerted on the structure due to the large ...


Multi-purpose clinical functional researches of elderly patients having primary glaucoma showed that in most cases this disease leads to progressive depletion of visual function, significant restriction of living activities and necessity of social protection, in connection with that glaucoma has the leading ranking place as a reason for being ophthalmopathologically disabled. The existing situation connected with high disability rate indices due to primary glaucoma of elderly patients gives grounds to recommend special programs of rehabilitation measures at municipal and federal level with the purpose of prophylaxis, early detection, development of efficient purposeful pathogenetic comprehensive treatment of primary glaucoma, as well as carrying out timely social rehabilitation in the form of early occupational orientation, occupational testing, reasonable employment provision, creating optimum conditions of labour activities for this category of patients and the disabled.


Some serious organized crimes have been prohibited in our criminal law.But these provisions have some defects.Way of solving is to draw lessons from the international community so as to establish the more complete criminal law,the procedure and the even fit criminal policy.


Artificial insemination program to increase production is affected by oestrus. Breeders generally identify cows in oestrus based on their behavior. Currently, oestrus can be predicted and scheduled due to PGF2α synchronization. This study aims to determine the detection of oestrus after PGF2α synchronization, and more specifically to distinguish audio-visual behavior. The six cows used were synchronized using PGF2α. Descriptive methods include (mean, standard deviation). Test. Chi-square was used for qualitative data comparison. The observed variables were the onset of oestrus and lust behavior (looking at the audiovisual characteristics, using video and the Audio Spectrum Monitor (ASM) application. The results showed that the response to oestrus appeared 30 hours after synchronization in 5 cows. The visual behavior that appears a lot is Mounting activity, Mucus Exit, Vulva Swelling, Restlessness and Vocalization duration. ASM recordings show the frequency in cows that are in oestrus between 405 Hz -485 Hz after PGF2α injection. In conclusion, the audiovisual behavior of cows after synchronization shows that the cows are in a state of oestrus, and are ready for artificial insemination.


A nano semiconductor sheet is provided to fabricate a TFT and a flat panel display apparatus, especially organic light emitting devices at room temperature or a low temperature without performing a high temperature process by using a nano particle in a channel of a TFT. A second film in which a plurality of nano particles(10) are arranged in almost parallel with each other is positioned on at least one surface of a first film or in the first film. The nano particles are a P-type semiconductor or an N-type semiconductor, including a nano wire, a nano bar or a nano ribbon.


Background: It has been hypothesized that urine from interstitial cystitis (IC) patients may contain one or more toxic factors not present in "normal" urine. Bladder tissues exposed to these toxic factors could have elevated stress proteins. If this assumption is correct, stress protein levels could be a useful marker for identifying patients at risk for developing this syndrome.


b Cultivation of children's interest in news and public affairs information is one of the potential benefits which could result from the many hours of television viewing currently done by our nation's youth. Viewing statistics show that a considerable proportion of elementary school age children are exposed to the special news programming developed with the young viewer in mind and aired during the Saturday morning children's schedule. In addition, children are often exposed to adult news programs.' Unquestionably, today's children possess more sophisticated knowledge about the world in which they live than children of pre-television


The author discloses the content of the prosecutor's powers in case of return of the indictment, a request for the application of coercive measures of a medical or educational nature during the preparatory hearing in accordance with applicable law and law enforcement practice. The purpose of the article is to develop and characterize the algorithm of actions of the prosecutor in case of return of the indictment, the request for the application of coercive measures of medical or educational nature during the preparatory hearing. The content of the prosecutor's powers in case of return of the indictment, request for coercive measures of medical or educational nature during the preparatory court hearing in accordance with the analysis of current legislation and law enforcement practice provided an opportunity to develop an algorithm for prosecutors in case of return of indictment educational nature during the preparatory hearing. An algorithm of actions of the prosecutor in case of return of the indictment, request for application of coercive measures of medical or educational character during preparatory court session in two such typical situations is developed: appeal of the court decision and elimination of shortcomings which do not correspond to requirements of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine. In the above algorithms of actions, the prosecutor must act in accordance with the real state of affairs in criminal proceedings, objectively assess the situation, save time procedurally and increase the level of confidence in their actions.


A magnetic latching mechanism of single cantilever and cross torsion beam in the application of bi-stable MEMS switches is presented in this letter. The analytical results show the relationship between the magnetic force induced by the permanent magnet in the work gap and the elastic force of cantilever in the latching process. When the magnetic force is larger or the stiffness of the cantilever is smaller, the driving power consumption and the contact resistance will be smaller and the response will be faster. A cross torsion beam and a magnetic circuit are made up of the magnetic latching structure which has the capability of controlling the outer circuits. All of the components of the device are fabricated by UV-LIGA technology. The test results reveal the latching process with Nano indent tester and can be explained well with the conclusion.


This essay examines Julia Griffiths' contributions to Frederick Douglass' Paper, arguing that Griffiths had a stronger sense than Douglass of the newspaper as an instrument of sociability, and that letters were crucial to its production. The paper's multiple and overlapping forms of circulation blended print, manuscript and private communication. Griffiths' own column took the form of a letter, borrowing the warmth and familiarity of personal correspondence. Part of the mid-century flowering of British and American women's periodical writing, it adopted the developing conventions of the travelling correspondent, and demonstrates some of the wider cultural aspirations of Douglass's anti-slavery newspaper.


Objective:We report a new approach for correcting hypertrophic mandibular angle and masseter through posterior external auricular approach. Methods:This surgical approach is designed in two ways.Operative cutting begains at posterior auricular forsa,then hypertrophic mandibular angle bone and masseter are removed.The great auricalar nerve and facial nerve are protected during operation. Results:We performed 11 cases operations.It is simple safe could be done under local anesthesia.Follow up period from 6 months to 4 years.All cases got satisfactory post operative result without complication. Conclusion:Posterior auricular approach for correcting hypertrophic mandibular and masseter proved to be a safe,effective and simple surgery.It has many advantages contrasted to external mandibular angle approach or intraoral approach. [


My team's efforts are focused on three major thrusts: (i) synthesis and in depth mechanistic investigation of the unique emergent optical, thermal, electrical and electrochemical properties of novel hybrid-nanomaterials and nanomaterials topologies composed on one-dimensional and two-dimensional building blocks, (ii) application and characterization of hybrid-nanomaterials interfaces with cells and tissue, and (iii) development and engineering of nanomaterials-based platforms to interrogate and affect the electrical properties of tissue and cells such as cardiomyocytes, and neurons, with a specific focus to understand electrical signal transduction in complex 3D cellular assemblies. Major questions we strive to answer are: Can we make materials and platforms that are tailored to allow seamless and stable integration with cells and tissue enabling sensing and actuation? Can hybrid-nanomaterials allow new insights about biological processes, e.g., tissue development and disease progression?
 In this talk I will describe our recent efforts in tackling these challenges. Our highly flexible bottom-up nanomaterials synthesis capabilities allow us to form unique hybrid-nanomaterials that can be used in various input/output bioelectrical interfaces, i.e., bioelectrical platforms for chemical and physical sensing and actuation. We developed a breakthrough bioelectrical interface, a 3D self-rolled biosensor arrays (3D-SR-BAs) of either active field effect transistors or passive microelectrodes to measure both cardiac and neural spheroids electrophysiology in 3D. This approach enables electrophysiological investigation and monitoring of the complex signal transduction in 3D cellular assemblies toward an organ-on-an-electronic-chip (organ-on-e-chip) platform for tissue maturation investigations and development of drugs for disease treatment. Utilizing graphene, a two-dimensional (2D) atomically thin carbon allotrope, we demonstrated a new technique to simultaneously record the intracellular electrical activity of multiple excitable cells with ultra-microelectrodes that can be as small as the size as an axon ca. 2µm in size. The outstanding electrochemical properties of our hybrid-nanomaterials allowed us to develop electrical sensors and actuators, e.g., sensors to explore the brain chemistry and sensors/actuators that are deployed in a large volumetric muscle loss animal model. Finally, using the unique optical properties of nanocarbons, e.g., graphene-based hybrid-nanomaterials and 2D nanocarbides (MXene), we have formed remote, non-genetic bioelectrical interfaces with excitable cells and modulated cellular and network activity with high precision and low needed energy. In summary, the exceptional synthetic control and flexible assembly of nanomaterials provide powerful tools for fundamental studies and applications in life science and potentially seamlessly merge nanomaterials-based platforms with cells, fusing nonliving and living systems together.


In a wireless network, concurrent communications between a node and multiple neighboring nodes through the use of multibeam antenna (MBA) has been shown effective to utilize the spatial dimensionality. As a result, the network throughput and quality-of-service (QoS) can be improved. MBAs can be implemented using multiple fixed-beam antennas (MFBAs) or multi-channel smart antennas (MCSAs). In this paper, the one-hop throughput performance of a node equipped with MBA is evaluated in an analytical framework. Both MFBA and MCSA are considered by using an equivalent antenna beam model. It becomes clear that the use of MFBA is the pessimistic case of MCSA as the normalized beamwidth reaches the maximum value. The upper bound of throughput is achieved in the presence of idealized collision avoidance schemes, whereas the lower bound is reached in the absence of collision avoidance schemes.


The invention provides a light-emitting diode light bar comprising a circuit board in which metal circuits are arranged. The light-emitting diode light bar further comprises a plurality of light-emitting diode chips which are arranged on the circuit board and electrically connected with the circuit board, and a sealing body for sealing the plurality of light-emitting diode chips. The circuit board comprises an upper portion and a lower portion which is opposite to the upper portion. The middle portion of the upper portion is recessed inwards to form a groove. The plurality of light-emitting diode chips are arranged in the groove.


This research is implemented to shed new light on the essence of Korean sentiments, aesthetic sense and restructure it in modern ways. In particular, applying the current images of traditional Korean village in Jeonju to neckties is focused on the purpose of globalizing the industrialization of Korean traditional sceneries and Korean image products. Adobe Photoshop CS program was used to develop necktie designs containing the images of the traditional Korean village. To make artworks, the Digital Textile Printing System that is an environment-friendly printing method was used. Moreover, Hanji yarn fabric was adopted for them so as to use Korean materials. The total number of developed designs is eight and neckties for men were made by altering images of the traditional Korean village in modern ways. According to the research results, required are more investment and self-development for proper understandings on our traditional cultural images and their development from now on. Moreover, in my view, customers` desires must be met by comprehending public consciousness, trends and environments to meet customer`s desires. Furthermore, higher value-added products must be created by using Hanji yarn and images of traditional Korean villages by distributing high quality designs that will satisfy customers` desires and psychology, producing small quantities of products with various designs and colors.


Bophelo ba Morena Nathanael Griffith Lerotholi. By F. LAYDEVANT, O.M.I. Mazenod, Basutoland, 1943. 118 pp. FATHER LAYDEVANT'S life of Griffith constitutes a welcome addition to the slender bulk of non-fictional secular literature in Southern Sotho. Griffith was born in 1871, a year after the death of his famous great-grandfather, Moshoeshoe; he first began to take a prominent part in the public affairs of his country in 1895, when he was appointed chief of a sub-district under his father Lerotholi; he succeeded his brother Letsie II as paramount chief in 1913; and he died in 1939, shortly before the outbreak of the present world war. The sixty-eight years of his life, and more particularly the forty-four years of his activity at or near the head of his people, took their course in stirring times for Basutoland and for South Africa. An account of that life, therefore, from whatever angle it is written, can hardly fail to be of interest to anyone interested in the Southern Sotho people and in their evolution as one of the components making up the mosaic of the South African scene. Though the times which formed the background of Griffith's life were stirring, that life itself was, for one in his high position among his people, of an even tenor, especially when compared to the concatenations of strenuous events which made up the lives of rulers such as Shaka or Mzilikazi. Again, though Griffith was—at least after his conversion to Christianity—in essentials a good man, his character was not of the calibre of those of, for instance, Moshoeshoe or Kgama. His biography therefore cannot have the absorbing interest attaching to that of those whose actions, for good or evil, were cast in a greater mould. Father Laydevant's work is, accordingly, an unpretentious chronicle, annalistic rather than historical, anecdotal rather than biographical. During his long ministry among the Southern Sotho the author had many an opportunity, not only of obtaining inside views of the public actions of Griffith the paramount chief, but also of acquiring intimate glimpses of the personality of Griffith the man; and he has supplemented his own observations and interpretations from various sources, African and European, private and public, published and unpublished, non-official as well as official. The book is accordingly full of useful facts, many of them little known or hardly known at all outside the circles immediately in contact with Griffith. It is the first study devoted to its subject, and future workers who may need to know about Griffith, his life and times, will find in it much meat. The Sotho and all their friends will be grateful to Father Laydevant and to the Mazenod Press for bringing out the book in these difficult times. G. P. LESTRADE.


For the existing 3D point cloud model classification method PointNet only extracts global feature information, but for the problem of insufficient local feature information extraction, a network that can take into account the combination of global features and local features is proposed, so as to realize 3D point Classification of cloud models. This paper proposes a classification network based on local location information. First, the point cloud model is sampled in multiple groups to obtain the center point of each group of samples, and then the radius is set to obtain its spherical neighborhood, and the points in the neighborhood and their center points are used as local location features. In information fusion, the acquired local information features are used as high-dimensional features of the neighborhood space through feature mapping. By analogy, multiple sets of sampled local features are integrated to realize the classification of the point cloud model. The experimental results show that the classification network can achieve a classification accuracy of 92.5% on the ModelNet40 data set, which is higher than the current mainstream algorithm.


A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless nodes that can dynamically form a network to exchange information without using any pre-existing fixed network infrastructure. MANET is a self organized and self configurable network where the mobile nodes move arbitrarily. The mobile nodes can receive and forward packets as a router. Each node operates not only as an end system, but also as a router to forward packets. The nodes are free to move about and organize themselves into a network. These nodes change position frequent- ly. For relatively small networks flat routing protocols may be sufficient. However, in larger networks either hierarchical or geographic routing protocols are needed. The protocols have to be chosen according to network characteristics, such as density, size and the mobility of the nodes. MANET does not require any fixed infrastructure, such as a base station; therefore, it is an attractive option for connecting devices quickly and spontaneously. In this three routing protocols AODV (Ad- Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), DSDV (Destination Sequenced Dis- tance-Vector) and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing Protocol) are compared. Most of the previous research on MANET routing protocols have focused on simulation study by varying various parameters, such as network size, pause times etc. The performance of these routing proto- cols is analyzed in terms of their Packet Delivery Fraction, Average End-to-End Delay and their results are shown in graphical forms. The comparison analysis will be carrying out about these protocols and in the last the conclusion will be presented, that which routing protocol is the best one for mobile ad -hoc networks.


This recent publication is the latest contribution in the series ''Studies in Modernity and National Identity'' edited by Sibel Bozdoğan and Res-at Kasaba. The book provides a thematic perspective of the history of the Ottoman Empire, one of the extremely longlived polities of the Mediterranean basin. The fact that the Ottoman Empire survived the turmoil of more than half a millennium makes its history a challenging subject of enquiry, especially in relation to migration. Kasaba takes up this challenge, but instead of limiting his scope to a narrow period or focusing on a limited geography, he aims to cover the eventful history of the Ottoman Empire of approximately seven centuries in three continents from the perspective of migration. This is a timely undertaking since, with its global entanglements, migration history recently reached a critical mass, upon which monographs on timeand location-specific histories of migration or migration histories can be more easily written than earlier. A recent issue of the present journal (52:1 (2007)) and a brand new contribution on the subject are good examples of the level and depth of the scholarship achieved by studies on the history of migration. Kasaba did not, however, benefit from this scholarship to the extent that he could have. In his chronologically well-structured study he does not situate his own work in this new literature. In his brief but helpful introductory chapter he provides details of the structure of the book and makes almost exclusive use of literature on Ottoman history; the exceptions to this do not include the most recent scholarship on nomads, migrants, and refugees. One important point he addresses in this respect is the understanding of tribes and people on the move not necessarily as remnants of an early or less developed stage of human history but as ''a constantly changing, integral part of the modern world'' (p. 7). In the following four chapters he narrates Ottoman history from its early beginnings until its end through an axis of migratory people. The second chapter covers early Ottoman history from its beginnings in the fourteenth until the end of the sixteenth centuries. For this period Kasaba identifies Ottoman society as one of fluidity and indeterminacy. Its characteristics, he claims, served well the purposes of consolidation or could have been instrumentalized by the central administration of the empire for such consolidation. In the third chapter he argues that the Ottoman centre's perspective on its migratory population shifted and in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the central administration regarded nomads and migrants as a liability and struggled to settle them. In the fourth chapter the author argues that the Ottoman state pursued a sedentarization policy, with limited success, in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Interestingly, in the fifth and final chapter he does not provide the reader with a conclusion but continues to cover major changes in Ottoman/ Turkish demography in the twentieth century: the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, World War I, the uprooting and mass killings of the Armenian population of Anatolia in 1915, and the mandatory exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey in 1924.


In the September issue of Veterinary Nursing, Vicky Aspinall discussed the nervous system. Nerve impulses have a rapid response of short duration. In contrast, the endocrine system relies on chemical 'messengers that produce slow, but often long-lasting results


1.Rationale FAR (Komiyama) is a combination therapy consisting of 5-FU, vitamine A and radiation. It has clinically proved to be more effective than single radiotherapy. In our laser-FAR therapy, the visible and palpable carcinomatous tissue is removed with the use of CO2 laser and the remaining cancer cells are eradicated by means of FAR. The purposes of this modality are to make some of traditionally incurable cases curable and to minimize the extent of surgical removal in order to assure a better post-therapeutic function. 2.Cases of Carcinoma of the oropharynx. Six cases of advanced carcinoma of the oropharynx were treated with laser-FAR therapy. In five cases, the lesion originated from the lateral wall whereas it was located in the anterior wall in the other case. Two of the lateral wall cases were in Stage III while the other four, Stage IV. In all the five cases of lateral wall lesion, laser-FAR therapy


The problem of violence against women and children is an iceberg phenomenon because only a few cases are reported, the community still considers cases of violence as a disgrace and a "domestic" problem in the family that is not suitable for others. know about. In the area of the Kasihan I Health Center, there is a "KEKEP IBU" (Auxiliary Group Class) motivator in every integrated service post. The problems found were the lack of knowledge and skills of the motivators in providing counseling and initial treatment to victims of violence against women and children and the lack of promotional tools. The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge and skills of the motivators of "KEKEP IBU" in providing counseling and initial treatment for victims of violence against women and children and being able to report these cases to the Community Health Center. The implementation method goes through several stages, namely the first stage of the assessment where the team coordinates and Focus Group Discussion with partners about partner problems and solutions. The second stage is Planning and Development, making promotional media about violence against women and children in the form of posters for handling victims of violence. The implementation of the third stage was carried out online training which was attended by 40 participants. The last evaluation stage, namely evaluation based on pretest and posttest scores, increased knowledge of participants in the high category by more than 100% from 35% to 90%. The implementation of this service activity went smoothly. Participants are expected to be able to provide initial treatment and counseling to victims of violence against women and children in their area.


The present invention relates to a stand-alone micro-grid autonomous control system comprising: one or more battery systems for directly changing a reference frequency according to a charging amount, and supplying power having the changed reference frequency; one or more power generators for measuring the reference frequency in the power supplied from the battery systems, and then, performing a power generation or power generation stopping operation on the basis of the measured reference frequency; and one or more loads for measuring the reference frequency in the power supplied from the battery systems, and then, performing a synchronization or synchronization cancelling operation on the basis of the measured reference frequency.


The neomythological consciousness of N. Wallace's drama is read in the overlapping of the past and present what creates a hypertext. Wallace's plays "Slaughter City" and "The Trestle at Pope Lick Creek" reifies the literary semantics of alternative worlds.