Liquids supply means, liquid supply means includes means for supplying liquid to the liquid consuming liquid container, the liquid supply unit comprises: a housing unit, said housing unit being arranged at a side of the liquid consuming apparatus, and to can be detachably mounted to the liquid consuming device; liquid container, the liquid container having the liquid supply section for outflow of liquid, and the unit can be accommodated inside the housing; and a liquid introducing portion, the liquid introducing portion connectable to the liquid supply portion for supplying liquid from the liquid flow portion to the liquid consuming apparatus, and means disposed inside the housing.


Investigations of the porous silicon/poly(p phenylene-vinylene) systems were carried out in order to obtain electronic devices with properties of both materials. We have studied the optical and electrical characteristics of the devices made either by mixing the silicon grains and the polymer (composite) or by depositing a polymer film on the silicon wafer (heterojunction). Raman, infrared and photoluminescence spectra of both types of samples showed that there was no noticeable reaction between the constituents. However, the photoluminescence activity was dominated by the polymer. The current–voltage characteristics obtained on devices using the composites as an active layer showed that the threshold voltage was improved as compared with diodes using only polymer. In heterojunction devices, the threshold voltage was higher than that of silicon diodes and the conduction mechanisms are similar to those occurring in porous silicon sample.


Background: Peer review is a necessary but costly and time-consuming process to identify good-quality and methodologically sound articles and improve them before publication. Finding good peer reviewers is often difficult. Objective: To identify the incentives that make Iranian biomedical researchers accept invitations to be a peer reviewer and factors that affect these incentives. Methods: Twelve reviewers selected at random from the reviewers pool of each of 26 biomedical journals published from Fars province, Iran, were surveyed using a questionnaire that we had developed and tested in a pilot study of 30 reviewers (Cronbach's alpha of 0.779). The data included the reviewers' demographics, history of their reviews, and choice of 11 reasons each for accepting or declining the invitation to review. Results: A total of 233 reviewers completed the questionnaire. The most important reasons for accepting the invitation to review were the journal's practice to publish the names of the reviewers alongside the article they had reviewed, acknowledgement by the journals by publishing the names of reviewers once a year, free access to journals' content, and lower publication charges as authors. The most common reasons to decline the invitation were lack of time, busy schedules, and lack of sufficient incentive to review. Conclusion: Acknowledgement by the journal, offering to publish the names of reviewers alongside the articles they had reviewed, and monetary rewards will be effective incentives for biomedical researchers in Iran to serve as peer reviewers.


Flow-induced vibrations in Pressurized Water Reactors may lead to wear of some important components such as absorbant rods or heat transfer tubes. A very important number of long and flexible tubes are involved in the reactors technology and need to be mounted with intermediate supporting structures which have some clearances between the tubes and the supports. In this paper, impact and sliding wear in components is classically studied, as far as the wear laws are concerned, in specific wear test rigs that simulate the vibratory motion induced by the flow. In this paper, an experimental and numerical study on the impact forces and wear work-rates of a typical AECL rig is presented. The mode shapes and frequencies are measured and compared with finite element computations. Impact and sliding motions between the wear specimens are calculated and compared to the experimental results. Impact forces, mean values of wear work-rates as well as the specimen relative motions are found to be close to the experimental data.


The pulsed Raman technique utilizing a Q-switched frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser and a pulse-activated nanosecond photon-counting detection system has been used to reduce the fluorescence background in Raman spectra when the fluorescence-pump lifetime is much shorter than the duration of the laser output pulse. A fluorescence discrimination factor shows the improvement of the Raman signal-to-noise ratio obtained with pulsed Raman over cw Raman. Dark-current-limited operation can be virtually eliminated using the pulsed Raman technique. When applied to a sample of Mn-doped ZnSe using an uncooled 1P28 photomultiplier and about 10 mW of average laser power at 532 nm, a 60-count/s fluorescence peak of 125-μs lifetime, observed with a 200-μs detection interval, was reduced by a factor of ≳60 with a 1-μs detection interval. The computed factor is 63.


English idioms are the phrases used by langu age users for a long period which are brief in form,concise in meaning and rich and humorius in connotatiom.Idioms is a significant portion of English vocabulary.They transmit,record and reflect British and are American cultures and are widely used in various aspects of the society with strong and technique characteristics of culture and language.


This paper presents effect of using different materials on surface properties and erosion resistance of turbine blades, three basic material copper, aluminum and steel where used in this work. Steel exposed to three surface treatment hardening, flame hardening and carburizing processes to improvement their surface properties. Wear rate, hardness and impact resistance were measured for each group. the results showed that using of copper or aluminum is not recommended, steel showed good surface properties, best result obtained after thermal surface treatment, carburizing give higher wear resistance, greater surface hardness compared to hardening and flame hardening process respectively, while flame hardening provided the specimens with greater toughness as compared to carburizing and hardening process respectively. Microstructural investigation was achieved using SEM and EDS technique.


Introduction: If the presence of calculus in the gland is suspected or in the salivary ducts, conventional methods are used, such as: simple X-ray, hialography, "simple" axial computerized tomography and/or "sialo TC". Ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnosis method, with minimum use in sialolithiasis. Material and Method: Mutli-cut, helicoidal tomography offers a new alternative: virtual navigation through the salivary ducts. This tool has neither been used for this specific purpose nor have we found previous reference in literature. Conclusions and Discussion: SialoTC with intracanicular navigation is an alternative


Models of Coaching. Serving Adult Learners. Serving Adult Learners in School Contexts. The Role of Assessment in Coaching. Providing Professional Support. Classroom-Level Coaching. Grade-Level Coaching. Literacy Coaching in the Middle Grades. The Challenge of Reluctant Teachers.


A trial wave function that is a linear combination of two traveling hydrogenlike basis functions which contain two variable-charge parameters and a polarization parameter has been used to obtain bounds on the second-order error term in the variational principles of Demkov and Storm that are comparable to the magnitudes of approximate 1s charge-exchange amplitudes. It is demonstrated that the error function ..delta../sub 1/(X/subi/) can be employed to judge various calculations and as an aid in adjusting parameters in the trial wave function to obtain better bounds. Based upon the use of ..delta../sub 1/ as a measure of error in an approximate trial wave function, we conclude that the Euler-Lagrange variational method is not the optimal approach. Suggestions are made for future work which might improve the calculated bounds. (AIP)


Stabilization of polynomial systems is revisited in this paper. Here, we proposed a new sufficient condition for the controller design, with guaranteed bounds on the input magnitudes. In the proposed synthesis condition, the system matrices and the Lyapunov matrices are separated, and hence parameterization of the resulting controller is independent of the Lyapunov matrices. Moreover, the proposed condition is convex in the decision variables and solvable via the sum-of-squares (SOS) technique. Main contributions of the proposed approach are twofold. Firstly, parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions can be considered in robust controller design for uncertain polynomial systems. Secondly, static output-feedback design can be addressed in a computationally efficient manner.


Objective To observe the influence of atorvastatin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients in curative effect and liver function.Methods Atorvastatin and compound yiganling tablets for the treatment group,yiganling tablets for the control group.The treatment had been carried out for 12 weeks,Then the changes of liver function and blood lipid were observed.Results Serum total cholesterol,triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were reduced to varying degrees.High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased to effective value,and had significant differences compared with the treatment group(P0.01).Liver function also improved obviously.Conclusion The treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by low-dose atorvastatin was effective,safe and worthy of clinical reference.


Serial communication, which is one of the most important methods for data access and state control in integrated navigation system (INS), requires multiple channels, high rate and high more reliability. A new way to implement a general serial communication device with VC++, MFC and Pcomm functions based on object-oriented programming principle is discussed mainly. The new method is proved to be more compact, reliable and scalable in the programming of the high-speed multi-port communication for an INS system.


Objectives: The most active organs of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) are the liver, spleen and bone marrow, having immune mechanisms against malignancy including neutrophils and platelets. RES may be imaged by different modalities, like PET scan. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have gained importance as proinflammatory markers in cancer, e.g. lung cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PET parameters of pulmonary mass or RES, and hematological parameters, and to evaluate the role of these factors in differentiating the pathological character of the mass. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the data of 131 patients, retrieved from the department archives, with pulmonary mass limited to mediastinum was made. Patients were grouped according to pathological results: benign mass (n=46), squamous cell carcinoma (n=38), and non-squamous cancer of lung (n=47). All patients underwent PET/CT scanning and images were analyzed retrospectively. Maximum and mean SUV were calculated from primary lesions and RES. NLR and PLR were calculated from CBC. Results: SUVmax and SUVmean of RES organs were similar for both groups with benign and malignant pulmonary masses, and among the subgroups. SUVmax ratios of pulmonary mass were significantly different between the groups (the highest value in the squamous cell carcinoma and the lowest in the benign groups). No significant difference was determined between the subgroups for NLR and PLR. NLR was significantly correlated with SUVmax ratios of spleen and the mass, and SUVmean ratios of spleen and bone marrow. PLR was significantly correlated with SUVmax ratios of spleen, bone marrow, the mass and SUVmean ratios of spleen, bone marrow. Conclusion: SUV of RES and primary mass were correlated with NLR and PLR, indicators of systemic inflammation. The associations between NLR and PLR, and SUV should be clearly defined by further investigations.


The search of a plane wreck just crashed can be extremely delicate. Since the flight crash AF447 Rio-Paris, this problem has become serious in the air security. The idea to design a removable and visible buoy is a part of the recommendations from the French authority BEA responsible for safety investigations into accidents or incidents in civil aviation. The BELOCOPA [1, 2] project is done in this context. Three companies and two laboratories of the PACA French region work on this project. The objectives are to localize the buoy with the GPS signal, to emit the security distress signal and to transmit the data, all of this in a reduced volume of an autonomous beacon ejected at the moment of the crash. The theoretical and experimental study of the deployable antenna of the beacon is the main task coming within the competency of the Fresnel Institute (figure 1). A simple innovative antenna [3, 4] transmitting at several frequencies, operating especially at the GPS, the security distress signal and data transmission frequencies is designed. The electromagnetic characterization of materials in terms of permittivity and permeability [5] included in the composition of the beacon is the other main task to master the different link budgets in the transmissions between the beacon and the different air and sea and/or satellite resources. The characterization of a flexible substrate is a delicate operation because techniques perfectly adapted to the studied frequencies do not exist. At the Fresnel Institute, we need to extrapolate the well-handled techniques on solids to the flexible substrates. We have developed a new experimental technique (figure 2) in this aim to be able to characterize every materials used in the antenna part of the buoy (flexible substrate and inflatable radome). The presented results show the progress status of the innovative techniques for the BELOCOPA project in the conception of flexible antennas, multi-frequency antennas and knowledge of dielectric


In 1999 277 principals from all of the secondary schools in the Durban Metro and Mtunzini districts in KwaZulu Natal Province were interviewed about the teaching of life skills education in their schools. The interviewers returned to the schools in 2001 to reinterview the principals noting whether the same principal was in charge. The results presented are based on 257 matched pairs. Response rates at both times were greater than 95 percent. The surveys asked about the characteristics of the schools the comprehensiveness and coverage of life skills education demographic information about the respondents and their attitudes about reproductive health issues and about teaching sexuality in school. No data were collected on the quality of teaching of the life skills curriculum. (excerpt)


In this work, we address the problem of deploying a multi-robot system for row crop phenotyping. We propose a sampling-based navigation algorithm for the team of robots to estimate the underlying spatial distribution in a field. We use Gaussian Process Models to predict the distribution of a scalar function in a field, and choose Mutual Information as a metric for selecting the future samples. With a row crop structure, we present a collision-free assignment and scheduling algorithm for the robots to reach the goal positions which minimizes the total traveling distance. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through simulations.


Immature and unsound state of mind,conflicts of interests,lack of skills and knowledge for interpersonal association,and differences between habits and values of college students as a whole are among the main reasons leading to interpersonal conflicts in college student dormitories.Such conflicts have negative impacts not only on college students' life and study but also on their bodies and minds.To prevent and solve these conflicts relies on the joint effort of college students themselves and the college.


The measurement and calculation method of turbocharger turbine unsteady characteristics were analyzed systematically.Then the method of acquiring key parameters like turbine transient output power was put forward.Simultaneously,the method of acquiring indirect measurement parameters and the time asynchrony of measuring transient parameters were discussed,which laid the foundation for the unsteady measurement and calculation.Finally,the turbine unsteady characteristic test bench was built and the pulse generator and its design method was developed,which brought an effective method for turbine unsteady characteristic research.By researching the turbine characteristic of engine typical conditions,the phenomenon of "close loop characteristics" was found.


CV relatives Indo Jaya Palembang is a small medium enterprises engaged in the
custom merchandising industry. To increase revenue, improving the quality of
internal control is done by improving internal control and accounting bookkeeping.
One way by providing advice on application of accounting information System
(SIA) and internal control. Developed accounting system using first in first Out
(FIFO) method.This method can provide precise results against the handling of the
problem, by calculating the level of similarity (distance) of a case with other cases
based on defined attributes. It is generally guided on the accounting information
system stored in the system. So that SIA used can help employees of CV relatives
Indo Jaya in accounting reporting and also internal control. With this accounting
system, CV relatives Indo Jaya will be able to overcome the problems that exist in
the reporting section of accounting and internal control and increase revenue.


u Information technologies (IT) have drastically transformed many business activities in the past 30 years. Among the numerous business activities in organizations, the budget preparation process plays a very important role. Although there are many developed systems available to automate certain aspects of the budgeting process, there is much more that can be done. This thesis studies the budgeting process and certain behavioral factors involved in the preparation of the budget. Knowing the complications inherent in budgeting, effort has been directed towards automating the mechanistic portion of the process; narrowing down the differences; and identifying the sources of discrepancy by using a computer-based system. Based on an algorithm derived from a manually solved budgeting case, the requirements of automation were studied, a computer based system was developed and tested. In addition, directions for future studies are suggested in this thesis.


This monograph provides the evidence base and the beginning of a common language to address the complex issues around comorbidity.


To provide an improved laser sintering system (10), which increases the density of the powder and reduce abnormal sintered powder layer, the laser sintering system (10) measurement process of building constructing process chamber (12) inside the laser power for automatic calibration, the laser sintering system (10) by a slide (20) is deposited into the powder chamber constructed to minimize dust generation, (10) and said washing air laser sintering system and washed with cooled air passing through the recirculation radiant heater . These improvements can be made having a laser sintering system for producing more uniform and higher quality parts, the accuracy and strength, while the laser sintering system enables the user to re-use of previously used, but a larger part of the ratio of unsintered powder.


Let H be a real or complex Hilbert space, dim H > 1, and B(H) the algebra of all bounded linear operators on H. Assume that A is a standard operator algebra on H. Then every additive Jordan *-derivation J: A → B(H) is of the form J(A) = AT − TA* for some T ∈ B(H)


Broadband spin‐controlled surface plasmon polariton (SPP) launching and radiation via L‐shaped optical slot nanoantennas are proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The phase retardation and spectra overlapping between two resonant plasmon modes in the L‐shaped optical slot nanoantenna lie at the origin of this effect. SPP launching in two perpendicular directions are controlled by the spin of the incident light. Broadband directional launching of SPPs is achieved and the extinction ratio keeps larger than 7 dB within a wavelength range of 150 nm. Furthermore, the photon spin of SPP radiation via the L‐shaped optical slot nanoantennas is controlled by SPP propagation directions. These investigations provide a route for spin‐controlled nanophotonic applications.


Objective To summarize the methods of diagnosis and treatment for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus.Methods The processes of diagnosis and treatment for 84 patients with sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus were analyzed retrospectively.The incision and primary suture with mattress-suture and exterminated dead space was performed in 36 patients(without recurrence and the length of fistulous tract was less than 5 cm).The sinus resection and incision open surgery with excision of fully pathology tissue and regional treatment with Kangfuxin liquid was performed in 48 patients(with recurrence and the length of fistulous tract was more than 5 cm).Results Two cases were recurrent after half a year and cured with sinus resection and incision open surgery and regional treatment with Kangfuxin liquid in the incision and primary suture group.The others were disposable healing.The healing time in the incision and primary suture group was from 14 to 35 d,the mean time was 26 d,which in the other group was from 30 to 45 d,the mean time was 37 d.Follow-up for more than one year,none of recurrence happened.Conclusion Perfecting inspection before surgery,clarifying a diagnosis,choosing a suitable surgical treatment,and perioperative care could cure the disease and extremely reduce recurrence.


The chemical shifts of the N-methyl group in a series of 2-, 3- and 4-substituted N-methylpyridinium salts have been measured in DMSO solution. The shift is primarily affected by resonance interaction between the substituent and aza group, and the results suggest that the resonance effect from a 2-substituent is at least as great as from the corresponding 4-substituent.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogens causing urinary tract infections in NICU so as to prevent and control urinary tract infections and provide bases for clinical application of antibiotics.METHODS The hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections in NICU from Mar 2009 to Aug 2011 were investigated,the etiological culture for urine specimens and the drug susceptibility testing were performed.RESULTS Among 142 strains of pathogens isolated,there were 86(60.6%) strains of gram-negative bacilli,34(23.9%) strains of gram-positive cocci,and 22(15.5%) strains of fungi;there were 41 strains of Escherichia coli(28.9%),21 strains of Enterococcus(14.8),and 13 strains of Staphylococcus(9.2%);most isolates were multidrug-resistant,the detection rate of ESBLs-producing E.coli was 43.9%,no vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci were found.CONCLUSION Gram-negative bacilli remain the main pathogens causing urinary tract infections in NICU,the proportion of Enterococci and fungi shows a considerable increase;the drug resistance of the pathogens is severe,some of the isolates are multidrug-resistant;it is necessary to intensify the epidemiology surveillance of the pathogens and rationa use of antibiotics so as to reduce the drug resistant strains.


Our objective was to investigate the effect of overstocking the feed bunk on dairy cow behavioral responses to human approach and reactivity to blood sampling. One hundred and twenty dry Holstein cows were allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups with different stocking densities at the feedbunk (Overstocked (OS): 0.88 headlocks/cow; Understocked (US): 1.17 headlocks/cow). Over 2 testing periods (7 d apart), flight response was assessed using a humanapproach test, with a 5-point ordinal scale defining the distance at which the cow stepped away from the approaching experimenter (0 = not approachable from 3 m to 4 = cow moves away when experimenter is 0 m from the cow). A qualitative assessment was also made of the cow's response to the experimenter using a visual analogue scale (VAS) that included the terms: relaxed, nervous, alert, shy, aggressive, social, and curious. Reactivity to blood sampling via the coccygeal vein was assessed in the pen using a 4-point scale (0 = least reactive to 3 = most reactive). Data were analyzed through a mixed model analysis, using treatment, time, and their interaction. The relationship between qualitative measures was assessed using a Pearson correlation. There was a treatment by time interaction whereby flight response scores decreased with time in OS cows and increased with time in US cows (OS: 1.65 to 1.47, US: 1.33 to 1.68; P = 0.02). Reactivity to blood sampling did not differ by treatment (OS: 1.11, US: 0.98; P = 0.47), and there was also no treatment by time interaction (OS: 1.17 to 1.11, US: 1.01 to 0.98; P = 0.88). The overall correlation between qualitative terms was low. However, the terms 'relaxed' and 'nervous' had a significant negative correlation (OS: r = -0.71; P < 0.0001; US: r = -0.61; P 2 < 0.0001). In conclusion, overstocking the feed bunk affected the animal's response to an approaching human. Cows in the OS treatment became less approachable over time, which may indicate fear, stress, or an increase in arousal. Future research should investigate the effect that overstocking may have on cow temperament for a longer duration, as this may further decrease approachability.


Dynamic changes in economic processes as a consequence of the development of production technologies and techniques entail creating new views on the concept of leadership. An additional factor shaping leadership attitudes are turbulent changes in the environment. The literature on the subject lacks research on leadership in relation to the management of logistics processes, and the presented research results mainly include a discussion on the cost aspect of leadership. In enterprises from the SME sector, the issues concerning leadership are usually overlooked due to the simplified organizational structure and the limited number of employees. Few theoretical studies contain reflections on the complex nature of modern leadership, focusing mainly on the area of human resource management, or include the phenomenon of leadership in the humanities. Knowledge about the role of leadership in a modern SME enterprise can contribute to improving their competitiveness, including improving logistics processes. The objectives of the article are to present: (1) literature research on the role of leadership in a modern SME enterprise and (2) research on the process character of leadership in logistics processes in an enterprise, and to propose an integrated model of the role of leadership. including presentation of a case study research to verify the theoretical model. In the process of constructing the methodological concept, which is the studied group of SME enterprises, the literature on the subject of management sciences including leadership issues was used. Survey research was carried out in 2018-19 with the participation of 100 management Master level students who prepared a given individual research project. In this way, we obtained data verifying the usefulness of the presented theoretical model. The results allow to some extent to identify problems occurring in SME enterprises in the subject of leadership in logistics processes, including logistic knowledge, demonstrating the usefulness of the integrated model to the analysis of leadership in the SME company, and is a starting point towards further research.


This paper presents a numerical scheme to approximate the solution of the optimal control problem for nonlinear systems with restrictions on the manipulated variable. In there exists a unique regular time-interval, it has been theoretically shown that there is a related unrestricted nonlinear problem, with unknown final state and costate, whose saturated optimal control leads to the solution of the original problem with restrictions. The method proposed here systematically reduces the cost of a seed control trajectory by using the solution of the differential Riccati equation (DRE) corresponding to the linearization of the system around the seed data. The final condition for the DRE is constructed from the variations of the final state ρΔ and costate μΔ. The updating of the control strategy is performed through the gradient method applied to (ρΔ, μΔ)and to the time instants τi when the control becomes saturated. This allows to avoid working with the Hamiltonian equations, usually unstable, and also to construct a feedback control law, robust under disturbances. The results are illustrated by optimizing a quadratic cost imposed to a two-dimensional non-linear system with bounded control values.


With the ASI-INFN project "ETRUSCO-2 (Extra Terrestrial Ranging to Unified Satellite COnstellations-2)" we have the opportunity to continue and enhance the work already done with the former ETRUSCO INFN experiment. With ETRUSCO (2005-2010) the SCF LAB (Satellite/lunar laser ranging Characterization Facility LABoratory) team developed a new industry-standard test for laser retroreflectors characterization (the SCF-Test). This test is an integrated and concurrent thermal and optical measurement in accurately laboratory-simulated space environment. In the same period we had the opportunity to test several flight models of retroreflectors from NASA, ESA and ASI. Doing this we examined the detailed thermal behavior and the optical performance of LAGEOS (Laser GEOdynamics Satellites) cube corner retroreflectors and many others being used on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constellations currently in orbit, mainly GPS, GLONASS and GIOVE-A/GIOVE-B (Galileo In Orbit Validation Element) satellites, which deploy old-generation aluminium back-coated reflectors; we also SCFTested for ESA prototype new-generation uncoated reflectors for the Galileo IOV (In-Orbit Validation) satellites, which is the most important result presented here. ETRUSCO-2 inherits all this work and a new lab with doubled instrumentation (cryostat, sun simulator, optical bench) inside a new, dedicated 85m2 class 10000 (or better) clean room. This new project aims at a new revision of the SCF-Test expressly conceived to dynamically simulate the actual GNSS typical orbital environment, a new, reliable Key Performance Indicator for the future GNSS retroreflectors payload. Following up on this and using LAGEOS as a reference standard target in
terms of optical performances, the SCF LAB research team led by S. Dell'Agnello is designing, building and testing a new generation of GNSS retroreflectors array (GRA) for the new European GNSS constellation Galileo.


A multifunctional saddle bag comprises a main body, a main zipper, two side zippers, two lacing parts, two belt fasteners and a main belt, wherein two sides of one surface of the main body is raised outwards so as to form raised bag bodies respectively, and the two raised bag bodies can be spanned over a rear placement rack of a light mobility scooter to serve as a saddle bag; the main zipper is correspondingly arranged on the side edge of a long-edge side of the main body and further the main body can be used as a shoulder bag or a handbag; the two side zippers are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the two raised bag bodies of the main body; the two lacing parts are correspondingly arranged on the two sides of the main body; the two belt fasteners are correspondingly arranged at an interval with each other on one side (corresponding to the main zipper) of the main body, and each belt fastener is provided with a fastening ring; two ends of the main belt are respectively provided with a fastener, and the main belt can selectively penetrate and wind through the two lacing parts and then are buckled with each other or alternatively one fastener is correspondingly buckled and fixed at one fastening ring. The multifunctional saddle bag has the characteristic of one article for a plurality of purposes, and is high in convenience and beneficial to popularization in practice.


A recent article in this journal1 elicited strong response from readers, primarily due to the conclusions drawn that the groups were not different. In the letters that were sent in response, readers were critical of the lack of sample size and general methodology. Since the goal of medical research is to uncover findings that are biologically plausible, reliable and reproducible, it is important that the conclusions drawn are based on sound clinical and statistical methodology. Proper use of statistical methods goes beyond the execution of statistical tests and models, but also relies on their appropriateness given the study design and outcomes, as well as a sample size that can provide meaningful and reproducible results.

Many software packages and online calculators make it easy for power or sample size calculations to be performed and the topic has been covered in detail elsewhere.2 Depending on the situation, the effect size or other criteria about the expected results may be all that …


This work focuses on studying the preventive control of the constitutionality of legislation, with the aim of understanding its meaning and scope, given its specificity at a comparative level. It will be demonstrated that although the preventive modality is linked to certain normative designs that transcend the legal-political control of the legislation, jurisdictional practice is decisive to legitimize its existence within the framework of constitutional justice. To prove this question, this control mechanism will be studied in the constitutions of France and Spain, from the normative as well as jurisprudential point of view.


The metric and ametric role in concert compositions. I try to evaluate the broad area of metrodynamic side of music, notation problematic, formal tectonic ruggedness. Two chapters are dedicated to contemplation about time in general and time in music. To all corresponding problems, please see the attechments from world contemporary composers.


Disease outbreaks in farmed Atlantic salmon held in three separate aquaculture facilities in Regions X and XI, Chile, were investigated during July – August 2003. A Gram-negative bacterium was isolated in pure culture from all fish examined. Using molecular and traditional techniques the bacteria was identified as Vibrio ordalii. Previously V. ordalii has only been reported from the West coast of North America, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. This report extends, therefore, the known range of V. ordalii into the South-Eastern Pacific area.


The invention relates to a batten (1) PLASTIC INJECTION SYSTEM FUEL SUPPLY FREE RETURN AN internal combustion engine with a space (4) COLLECTOR FOR FUEL BLOW buffer. FROM THIS SPACE (14) COLLECTOR WILL GUIDE THE BLOW Damping THROUGH A STRETCH (5) driving leading bomb-shaped radiation suction line (3) FLOW fuel to the batten ( 1) INJECTION.


There is a widespread interest in the peacetime application of the benefits of atomic energy. In very large measure this centers around the use of radioisotopes in -medicine and biology. Atoms of the same element which have different weights are called isotopes. Some isotopes are stable and do not possess the property of radioactivity. The hydrogen in "'heavy water " is an example. It may be used as a tracer in stable isotope methodology. Some isotopes are unstable and therefore radioactive. These are commonly referred to as radioisotopes. Radiophosphorus (P32) is an example. It is used in radioisotope tracer methodology. While some radioisotopes are found in nature, our interest centers around those that are produced artificially in machines like the cyclotron or as a consequence of nuclear reactions within an "atomic energy" pile. Because the radiations emitted by a radioelement produce ionization they are described as ionizing radiations. Because they are associated with nuclear reactions they are said to be nuclear radiations. By means of various devices it is possible to detect and measure the radioactivity of the radioelements. . . In each radioelement there are three characteristics of particular importance to the user, (1) the form of radiation (alpha, beta or gamma), (2) the energy of the radiation (expressed in electron volts or million electron volts) and (3) the rate of radioactive decay or disintegration (expressed in terms of "halflives ") .


Plastic shed film used in ginseng cultivation could increase phthalate acid esters (PAEs) residues in ginseng and its planting soil. This study recorded the situation of 19 PAEs in ginseng, soil, and plastic shed film samples from eight ginseng cultivation bases in Jilin Province, China. The results showed that 6 PAEs are omnipresent contaminants in ginseng cultivation bases. The Σ19 PAEs residue ranged from 0.69 to 3.30 mg kg−1 in the soil and from 32.40 to 96.20 mg kg−1 in the plastic shed film. Plastic shed film is possibly one source of PAEs in ginseng bases. In addition, PAEs concentrations in different ginseng tissues (roots, stems, and leaves) showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The residues of Σ19 PAEs in ginseng roots and stems were 0.71–2.10 mg kg−1 [dry weight (dw)] and 1.56–4.69 mg kg−1 (dw), respectively, lower than 2.37–6.82 mg kg−1 (dw) in leaves (p < 0.05). PAEs more readily accumulated in ginseng leaves than in roots and stems. Cultivation age also influenced PAEs accumulation in ginseng. PAEs residues in 3-year-old ginseng plants were higher than those in annual and biennial ginseng (p < 0.05). The noncancer and carcinogenic risk assessments of the target PAEs in ginseng indicated acceptable levels for adult intake. This study provides data for understanding the concentration, distribution, and potential risk of PAEs in ginseng and its cultivated soil.


The purpose of this study was twofold. Firstly, we evaluated the effect of one-hour running on tibial acceleration parameters. Secondly, we determined whether the shoe fatigue after one-hour running would influence these tibial acceleration parameters. Ten runners ran at a constant preferred speed with a standard running shoe. They also ran one bout of 5 min with another identical but fresh running shoe before and after the onehour run. Tibial acceleration amplitudes and wavelet analyses demonstrated a significant reduction of the tibial impact parameters after one-hour running, but no significant shoe effect. These reductions could be attributable to the slight increase in stride frequency from the beginning to the end of the one-hour running. Noteworthy, the tibial acceleration reduction was observable along the anteroposterior axis, not along the vertical axis. Considering the tibial acceleration as a potential risk factor for developing running-related injuries, these parameters did not change in a harmful way after one-hour of running at the preferred running speed. The shoe modification during the one-hour run did not seem to influence running biomechanics.


From its introduction in the early 14th century, the use of silver stain on window glass proliferated during the 15th being applied to coloured glasses for special effects as well as its predominant use on whites. The combined use of sanguine and stain to enliven flesh colours appeared in the 16th century. In a revival of the 18th century, artists striving to obtain a red glass produced colours varying from red to pale yellow derived from silver upon a single pane. The process of surface staining glasses with preparations of silver and clay relies on an exchange of silver and sodium ions when heated to a temperature below the softening point of the glass. Varying colours of stain may be achieved by using different derivatives of silver, but the results are dependent on the concentration of silver and the composition of the glass to which it is applied. Observations revealed that aids to deglaze the glass surface, the firing conditions and the refinement and purity of the stain preparations are all significant factors in achieving a red stain. In conclusion if we are to reproduce successfully past techniques we require the collaboration of chemists and glass makers to produce suitable stains and recipient glasses.


The role of equatorial boundary condition in the structure of a force-free black hole magnetosphere was rarely discussed, since previous studies have been focused on the field lines entering the horizon. However, recent high-accuracy force-free electrodynamics (FFE) simulations \cite{East2018} show that there are both field lines entering the horizon and field lines ending up on the equatorial current sheet within the ergosphere for asymptotic uniform field configuration. For the latter field lines, the equatorial boundary condition is well approximated being marginally force-free, i.e., $B^2-E^2\approx 0$, where $B$ and $E$ are the magnetic and electric field strength, respectively. In this paper, we revisit the uniform field solution to the Kerr BH magnetosphere structure and investigate the role of the marginally force-free equatorial boundary condition. We find this boundary condition plays an important role in shaping the BH magnetosphere in various aspects, including the shape of the light surface, the near-horizon field line configuration and the source of the Poynting flux. We also propose an algorithm for numerically solving the Grad-Shafranov equation and self-consistently imposing the marginally force-free equatorial condition. As a result, we find a good agreement between our numerical solutions and the high-accuracy FFE simulations. We also discuss the applicability of the marginally force-free boundary condition and the numerical algorithm proposed in this paper for general magnetic field configurations.


This paper deals with a new strategy for the assignment of Stock Keeping Units (SKUs) to storage locations in a warehouse, called Order Oriented Slotting (OOS). Given an empty warehouse, a set of orders to be picked and a routing policy, OOS stores the SKUs in such a way that the total time needed to pick all the orders is minimised. Unlike the Cube per Order Index (COI) slotting strategy which stores an item based on how frequently it is picked without regard to picking sequences, OOS aims to store items, that appear together in orders, close to each other. OOS can be formulated as an Integer Linear Programming model when the routing is S-shaped and when a Vertical Lift Module (VLM) is adopted. Given the computational complexity of the problem, we present several heuristics. Their performance is compared through a set of VLM test problems with different order characteristics. [Received 7 November 2006; Revised 17 March 2007; Accepted 18 May 2007]


The development of an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater to prevent the eutrophication of surface waters is very important. In this study, porous silicon powder prepared with acidic etching solution (HF: HNO3: H2O). Then, Zirconium-modified porous silicon has been synthesized by a simple and low-cost hydrothermal process. The morphology and structure of the samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). This material has been used as an adsorbent for phosphate ion (PO43-) removal from synthetic aqueous solutions. The effect of operating conditions such as contact time, initial anion concentration, pH, the presence of competitive ions on the adsorption performances and the regeneration of the adsorbent have been investigated. Maximum adsorption amount of 47.7 mg P/g has been obtained at ambient temperature. The maximum removal of phosphate was reached at pH= 4 for Zirconium-modified porous silicon. The adsorption was almost unaffected by the presence of competitive ions. Regeneration tests have shown that the adsorbent retains its capacity after 3 adsorption-desorption cycles.


10-inch Cooke refractor, focal length 45 inches, and 15' objective prism. The smaller dispersion in the yellow is nearly offset by the fact that D1 and D2 are blended and their combined intensity is considerably greater than that of K. Moreover, with D, stellar lines interfere but little in types earlier than A3 ; while with K, interference becomes serious at B5. A preliminary list of early-type stars showing strong D lines on our objectiveprism plates includes many of types B8 to A2, most of which will probably prove to be c stars. The observations thus far have revealed a considerable number of stars of magnitudes 7 and 8 whose detached D lines are more intense than the normal stellar D lines in type G. My impression, subject to revision, is, however, that in general the maximum observed intensities of detached lines do not increase from magnitude 6 to 9 as rapidly as one might expect. A possible interpretation, alternative to that of heavy obscuration, is that the density of interstellar gas tends to decrease beyond a certain distance from the Sun. I am indebted to Messrs. D. O. Hendrix and W. C. Miller for their skillful work in obtaining the photographs with the 10-inch telescope.


The interplay between structure and dynamics in non-equilibrium steady-state is far from understood. We address this issue by tracking Brownian Dynamics trajectories of particles in a binary colloid of opposite charges in an external electric field. The particles show crossover from homogeneous to lane state, a prototype of heterogeneous structure formation in non-equilibrium systems. We show that the length scale of structural correlations controls heterogeneity in diffusion and consequent anomalous dynamic responses, like the exponential tail in the probability distributions of particle displacements and stretched exponential structural relaxation. We generalise our observations using equations for steady-state density which may help to understand the microscopic basis of heterogeneous diffusion in condensed matter systems.


This paper describes the functional design of an interface for an online scholarly dictionary of contemporary standard Dutch, the ANW. One of the main innovations of the ANW is a twofold meaning description: definitions are accompanied by 'semagrams'. In this paper we focus on the strategies that are available for accessing information in the dictionary and the role semagrams play in the dictionary practice.


Disturbances in the immune network are believed to be the key step in the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases. Contributing factors to these disarrangements may include aberrant expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules, as well as the expression of primarily intracellularly located antigens on cell surfaces, making them accessible to the immune system. A distinct immunogenetic background of autoimmune liver diseases is now well established, but shows, however, geographic differences. The detailed characterization of the targets of both humoral and cellular immune reactions provides valuable tools for the identification and classification of autoimmune liver diseases and allows new insights into its pathogenesis. Autoimmune liver diseases can be triggered by hepatotropic viruses, especially chronic hepatitis C, which can be accompanied by autoantibodies. Thus, the distinction between idiopathic autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and chronic hepatitis C is very important for decisions on treatment. Therapy of idiopathic autoimmune chronic active hepatitis relies on immunosuppressive agents, and orthotopic liver transplantation offers a favorable prognosis to those who do not sufficiently respond.


Abstract Opisthorchisviverrini (OV) infection is a serious public health problem in Thailand especially in Northeast and North region, infection rates remain high because people are still eating raw fish. The prevalence of OV infection in Surin Province remains high in various parts of Province especially Rattanaburi District where is located along the Mun River. This a unmatched case - control study and the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with OV infection among people in Rattanaburi District, Surin Province. The cases were the 102 participants who were found to have a positive test result for OV infection by Kato's thick smear technique during October 2014 to September 2015. Two controls were selected for each case, and 204 controls who were negative results. The data were collected by structure questionnaires 306 participants (102 cases and 204 controls). The associations between case – control status and potential risk factors were analyzed using multiple logistic regression and presented with adjusted odds ratio (OR adj ), 95% of confident intervals (95% CI). Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 10.0 and statistical significance was set at p – value < 0.05 level. In the Multivariate analysis, the results showed that the factors which had a statistically significant association with OV infection were the past use of praziquantel (OR adj = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.51 to 4.58), eating raw fish dishes (Lap Pa) (OR adj = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.08 to 4.24) and water resource habitat about 10 kilometers(OR adj = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.02 to 3.20) This study showed that people lived near river about 10 kilometers who were highly risk group. Therefore Public Health Organization should be intervened the health behavioral change and health education campaign needs to be organized in areas adjacent to rivers, so they do not change their behavior and repeatedly re-infect themselves. Keyword : Opisthorchisviverrini, Opisthorchaisis, behavior, risk group, re-infect


Ethnomedicine is a subfield of ethnobotany that deals with the traditional medicines not only those that have relevant written sources (eg. Traditional Chinese Medicine, Siddha, Ayurveda), but especially those, whose knowledge and practices have been orally transmitted over the centuries. Chitrakoot is well known for its beautiful hill ranges, historical caves, perennial streams and varied flora and fauna. An attempt has been made to identify folklore medicinally important plants frequently used by tribal and rural communities of temple towns of Chitrakoot district. In mythologies plants were expressed green, flourishing and delicate that its fruit was eternity and life lasting that was existence of other plants. Intensive field explorations were undertaken in 17 temple towns of Chitrakoot district during different season of 2013 to 2015. In this article, it is tried to investigate some mythological plants and related beliefs among different nations and religions. A total of 38 mythological and medicinal species belonging to 36 genera and 29 families were enumerated.


Costumes are the special fruit of the human, which is the crystal of human material civilization and embodied the connotation of spiritual civilization. Fashion clothes are a surface decoration which is usually considered to be the masks used to cover up the bodies or the facts. The way of wearing can be considered as a construction or a positive process and technology method to show up what they need and want. Modern men are not content with the merely warming and comfortability of the clothes, and begin to pursuit the creation and fashion. The conclusion can be drawn from the fashion show. With the development of the social, men's wearing will have huge space. Men's wearing is not only limited to the official clothes for showing. The men's wearing is changing, developing and progressing. The men's wearing does not only stand for the power and the status, but also the ability of consuming and the strength to choose in development. The popularity of men's wearing shows the balance structure and social phenomenon. The clothes, as a special production of the society, are appearing according to the development of the society. The clothes are a symbol and a sign. It stands for the political and social status, let everybody behave properly and abide by the social rule. Therefore, the Emperors had their special clothes since ancient times and created the clothes rule. To some extent, the political order was built according to the development of the clothes. So, clothes is a part of politics, and the importance of clothes far exceeds the status of clothes in the society. Costumes are the special products of human, which was the crystal of human material civilization and embodied the connotation of spiritual civilization. The human society had evolved from the obscuration to the civilization for hundreds of thousands of years. From the beginning of the clothes, living customs, aesthetic interest, color hobby, cultural mentality and religion idea are all embodied in clothes to build the spiritual civilization connotation of the clothes culture. Today, clothes are not only used to keep warm or comfort, but also pursuit the technology measures to embody the relationship between the body and the living environment and the space between the body and the body activities. In other words, the clothes reflect the personal habituation. The habituation also brings expectation, rule and technology. As it is known, there are all necessary living conditions under the concert environment to the human. From this aspect, the body is built through two meaning. One is built by the technology; another is built through the habit manifestation mode to show the concert livings. The technology of body fashion is an obvious way of culture introduction. People usually show themselves to the society through the decoration to the body, show their behavior rule through the fashion and bring a new visage for them which does not cover natural body or real characteristic but built personality positively. 21 st century is a century with the creation; people have had new cognitions to the creation and the


ABSTRACT This article presents a review of the literature on conducting surveys online, with the focus being on e-mail and Internet modes. The advantages and disadvantages of both are discussed and then compared to the more traditional modes, such as mail and personal interviews. Findings reveal that the potential of online modes is not being realized in leisure, recreation, hospitality, and tourism fields. Implications regarding demand and supply side studies in these fields are provided.


With HTML5 becoming more and more standardized, it is possible to implement platform independent applications running on smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktop PCs with different operating systems and screen resolutions. A combination of HTML5 with CSS and JavaScript allows the implementation of appealing user interfaces with advanced functionality. In this paper we present an HTML5 player for interactive non-linear videos using these technologies. In addition to standard player functions, our player provides extended navigation (button panels, table of contents, keyword search) in the video, areas for additional information, opportunities for collaboration, and a logging function. The latter allows analyses of the user behavior for further research questions. We also address first user studies.


PaperlinX today announced that it has successfully arranged the refinancing of its multi-currency debt facility. The new syndicated facility of US$589 million consists of a US$251 million 1-year tranche, a US$263 million 3-year tranche and a US$75 million 5 year tranche. National Australia Bank and the Commonwealth Bank of Australia were the lead arrangers in a syndicate with 4 other banks. The facility replaces PaperlinX's existing multi-currency facility.


of Tehran Kent State University This study explores cross-cultural schemata: abstract mental structures that one makes according to his/her past experiences or shared knowledge about the members of other cultures and thus makes them more understandable. Iran and the U.S. are two belligerent countries which have a contemporary history of hostility (see Shaghasemi, Heisey, & Mirani (2009) for a review on the history of their relations). But, the two nations have always been understood to be in the shadow of the relations between their governments. Given the history of hostility between the two countries, what is the image of one citizen in the eyes of the other? Two groups of students from the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Tehran and the School of Communication Studies at Kent State University participated in a qualitative study. Respondents were asked about their image of the people of the other country prior to being asked how they got such an image. Our results showed that Iranian respondents had more positive cross-cultural schemata toward American people than perceptions Americans had for their Iranian counterparts. For both groups, the mass media were the primary sources of their schemata.


In this paper,the author analyzed and compared the ratios between the weight and section of the hollow shaft and solid shaft respectively on the same length and same material through calculating the stiffness of the shaft.Then it came to the conclusion that the design of using the hollow shaft is much better and more economical than the solid shaft under the same load.Especially to some mechanical devices when weight is an important design consideration factor,that can reduce the weight of the parts greatly using hollow shaft,so it can bring about a weight-reducing better.


A low-cost, flexible, and disposable immunosensor is presented in this paper. The single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and biomolecules are self-assembled between two micro-patterned electrodes. The immuno-chip acts as a platform of a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled sandwiched Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). The pH change induced by the biochemical reactions influences the electriccepted 24 December 2008 vailable online 9 January 2009


The authors show experimentally that spatial solitons with two transverse dimensions can be generated to 1600 nm in bulk polydiacetylene paratoluene-sulfonate (PTS) by a combination of third and fifth order nonlinearities.


Nanotechnology is making significant transformation to our world, especially in healthcare and the treatment of diseases. It is widely used in different medical applications, such as in treatment and detection. Targeting diseased cell with nanomedicines is one of the numerous applications of nanotechnology. Targeted drug delivery systems for delivering various types of drugs to specific sites are such a dynamic area in pharmaceutical biotechnology and nanotechnology. Compared to conventional drugs, nanomedicines have a higher absorption and bioavailability rate, improving efficacy and minimizing side effects. There are several drug delivery systems including metallic nanoparticles, polymers, liposomes, and microspheres, but one of the most important is the niosomes, which are produced by nonionic surfactants. Because of the amphiphilic nature and structure, hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs can be loaded into niosome structures. Other compounds, including cholesterol, can also be applied to the niosomes' backbone to rigidize the structure. Several variables such as the type of surfactant in niosome production, the preparation method, and the hydration temperature can affect the structure of the niosomes. Nevertheless, in-silico design of drug delivery formulations requires molecular dynamic simulation tools, molecular docking, and ADME (absorption; distribution; excretion; metabolism) properties, which evaluate physicochemical features of formulation and ADME attitudes before synthesis, investigating the interaction between nano-carriers and specific targets. Hence, experimenting in-vitro and in-vivo is essential. In this review, the basic aspects of niosomes are described including their structure, characterization, preparation methods, optimization with in-silico tools, factors affecting their formation, and limitations.


Chitosan is a natural po lymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin. It is biologically safe, non - toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide. Chitosan is a good candidate for site - specific drug delivery. Hydro gels are potential candidates in controlled release applicati ons. It is due to their soft tissue biocompatibility, the ease with which the drugs are dispersed in the matrix and high degree of control achieved by selecting physical and chemical properties of polymer network. The aim of this review is to provide ins ight into the applications of chitosan based hydro gels for the drug delivery through different routes. These chitosan - based hydro gels are very essential in the sustained release of antibiotics to reach the target site. This article reviews focused on ent ire features of chitosan - based hydrogles in both as a drug delivery matrix system and a system for tissue engineering as well as its potential therapeutic applications. Finally it can be concluded that chitosan - based hydro gels offers a novel way for th e sustained release of drugs to treat localized infections.


Private military companies (PMCs) do not often figure as a case study alongside topics such as health and local government in the public management literature. However, this article shows that public management offers critical insights into the reasons why governments contract services to the private military industry. In particular, the article analyses the deep inroads that reforms inspired by new public management have made into the management of defence and security functions since the 1990s, as well as the partnerships established between authorities and PMCs. A key motivation behind such policies has been to raise the efficiency and effectiveness of security provision. However, there have also been some unexpected problems, which are addressed in the article. The conclusions highlight that, despite many imperfections, states will increasingly provide security with the assistance of PMCs.


This paper describes a framework for development of e-learning system for computer programming. The proposed framework includes not only the necessary course materials and the corresponding tests and exercises, but also offers an integrated environment to test written programming codes. The described approach corresponds to recent trend in distance education by providing massive open online course for unlimited participation and accessible through the Internet. The modern capabilities of ICT and database are integrated to support the learning process in a user friendly environment. The functionality of the e-learning framework is composed of five basic modules for learning content, testing, exercises, questions and answers, and help module. The described framework is implemented in developed e-learning system for C programming language. The e-learning system was tested in real educational environment and was very well accepted both of students and teachers. The preliminary results show applicability of the system leading to improvement in the acquired knowledge and C programming skills. This was confirmed by decreasing the number of students failed on the C programming exam.


This paper adopts the improved liquid-phase chemical deoxidization to prepare nano-copper powder used as principal conducting material instead of nano-silver particles in conductive ink of printed electronics. The prepared nano copper particles are analyzed for their microstructure and electrical conductivity. Studies show that the prepared nano-copper particles are mainly distributed chain-like, with an average particle size of 26 nm, of which, those with 20-25nm amount to 42%, 25-30nm to 29%. The PVP surfactant can effectively organize the oxidation of nano-copper. After the sintering temperature exceeds 412°C, the organic materials mixed in the nano-copper have completely volatilized. The content of nano copper decomposition product hits upon 46.5% of the original sample. The higher the sintering temperature, the lower the sheet resistance of the conductive copper film. After the sintering temperature exceeds the melting point of nano-copper, a stable conductivity channel will be formed on the surface of the film. Subsequently, continuous sintering of the film has an insignificant effect on its conductivity.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to come up with a scale for a new construct, perceived impact of promotional support (PIPS) and link it with sales performance through the mediators, sales effort and salesmanship skills. This paper involved three studies. In study 1, the authors came up with a new scale and in study 2 they tested it on a student sample. In study 3, they tested the scale on a sample of pharma salespersons (n = 202) and also tested the conceptual model. The paper employed standard scale development procedures, tested the model with SEM and showed that the new scale was reliable and valid. Further, PIPS was found to impact sales performance through salesmanship skills. While PIPS impacted sales effort, the latter surprisingly did not affect sales performance. For the practitioner, our work suggests that promotional support is critical, not just for motivating salespersons to put in more effort, but also to enhance their salesmanship skills, which in turn improves their performance. Moreover, it demonstrates the positive effect of sales effort on salesmanship skills.


Environmental protection policy is being carried out, among other things, through suitable sectorial plans and programs. In this sense, considering and inclusion of all important environmental aspects in preparing and adopting spatial and urban plans, will significantly contribute to the sustainable development aims. The aim of this paper is to analyze our experience in application of the Law on Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment. We have paid special attention to its drawbacks, observed in preparation of strategic environmental impact assessments. These have mostly been prepared without employing adequate methods and without corresponding input data which would be processed by means of adequate methods. For the purpose of efficient document preparation, 13 typical examples have been analyzed and a series of principles, criteria and solutions for the observed problems is defined on the basis thereof.


A vehicle rollover model with deformable suspension and tires is proposed, and the effects of suspension and tire compliance are analyzed. A relatively precise formula which includes change in track width, effect of jacking forces, and effect of gyroscopic forces due to wheel rotation is presented. It emphasizes the effect of suspension design and provides the theory which can evaluate the effect of suspension on vehicle rollover stability.


Acoustic resonance (AR) phenomenon occurs in metal halide lamps and can cause light flicker, lamp arc bending and rotation, lamp extinction, and in the worst case, arc tube explosion. This study takes place in the context of developing electronic ballasts with robust AR detection and avoidance mechanisms. To this end, a lock-in amplifier is used to measure and characterize lamp voltage root mean square (rms) short-term fluctuations. Statistical criteria based on the standard deviation of this rms value are proposed to assess AR presence and classify its severity. A set of metal halide lamps from different manufacturers and with different powers were tested. The average electrical power and AR level are controlled by adjusting the lamp operating frequency of high-frequency electronic ballast. The proposed criteria enable classifying healthy (without AR) and faulty (with AR) cases based upon either a two-dimensional plane or a boxplot. Regardless of lamp operating power, the results from this study show that the voltage rms variations and the defined criteria are significantly correlated with AR level.


Abstract Standard molar Gibbs energies of formation of Sr 4 Zr 3 O 10 (s) have been determined for the first time by measuring Sr(g) pressures over the three phase mixture {Sr 4 Zr 3 O 10 (s)+SrZrO 3 (s)+Zr 1− x O x (s)} using the Knudsen effusion mass-loss technique employing a Sartorius microbalance, model 4410, and are given as: Δ f G m (Sr 4 Zr 3 O 10 , s, T )±20(kJ·mol −1 )=−5946.8+1.0076( T /K), (1157.5≤ T /K≤1370.5). Using the molar heat capacities for Sr(s, l), Zr(s), and O 2 (g) from literature and that for SrZrO 3 (s) from our previous work, Δ f H m °(Sr 4 Zr 3 O 10 , s, 298.15 K) has been calculated as −(5985.4±49) kJ·mol −1 . A value of Δ f H m °(Sr 4 Zr 3 O 10 , s, 298.15 K)=−(5972.8±44) kJ·mol −1 has also been calculated using the values for the function: Φ=(Δ ° T S m −Δ 298.15 K T H m / T ) for SrZrO 3 (s), Sr(g), Zr 0.72 O 0.28 (s), and Sr 4 Zr 3 O 10 (s) from literature. The value of −(5972.8±44) kJ·mol −1 (the third-law value) is recommended for Δ f H m °(Sr 4 Zr 3 O 10 , s, 298.15 K).


Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine firm-specific characteristics that influence firms' choice of assurance provider in sustainability assurance. The market for sustainability assurance consists of three types: accounting firms (particularly the Big 4 firms), non-accounting specialist consulting firms (that specialise only in sustainability issues) and non-accounting general consulting firms (that provide general advisory/consulting services).

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample selected from the top 100 publicly listed companies in the UK and USA that published a sustainability report in 2010 and 2011, respectively, for which assurance was obtained, a multinomial logistic regression model is applied by regressing the three types of assurance providers on firm size, leverage, profit, liquidity, percentage of strategic shareholding and two control variables – country and year.

Findings

The results indicate that the choice of sustainability assurance provider is related to firm size, profitability, liquidity and country.

Research limitations/implications

There may be relevant variables omitted from the empirical analysis; results of this study may not be able to be generalized beyond the sample selected; and the sample size is relatively small.

Practical implications

Sustainability assurance is a viable assurance service that the accounting profession can provide.

Originality/value

This study helps in identifying the types of firms that are likely to demand assurance services provided by accounting firms.


This paper illustrates design, fabrication and testing of novel differential high-speed digital input buffers. The delay of the proposed input buffers are nearly independent of power supply voltage and input signal amplitudes. The pulse shape of the output signal is highly symmetric which mitigates skew related errors


Persisting gender inequities across political, economic and social life have spurred the global agenda to re-examine the triggers and consequences of gender disaggregation in household resource allocations. Defining and measuring intrahousehold allocations has been at the centre of the current debates among international development scholars and practitioners. The lack of clear consensus on intrahousehold public good allocation has consistently limited widespread efforts to design and evaluate programmes and policies aimed at improving women's welfare. Based on intrahousehold allocation models, this paper proposes a conceptual framework which can accommodate the welfare of the household as an economic entreprise. Building on Sen (1989) and Kabeer (1999), this paper selectively reviews the abundant literature that offers insights into intra-household decision- making process and gender relations. The review illustrates the importance of intrahousehold allocations and describes a set of individual strategies that household agents use to by-pass intrahousehold negotiations and to secure private consumption. In many of the instances where inefficiencies have been identified in the data, a possible immediate cause is individual behaviour aimed at securing personal resources and consumption. Even, if they come, at the expense of total resources available to the household. Although, it need not be the case that such strategic behaviour are necessarily the source of inefficiencies, they may well be feeding the flames of suboptimality in household production entreprises.. That said, the paper clearly iterates circumstances under which non-cooperative behaviour of spousal income hiding could be vital to circumventing social norms which undermine Pareto productive efficiency. The paper further highlights the role played by collective resistance of social forces to economic changes that threaten social norms and gender roles. The study pinpoints evidence of collaborative efforts to stop women from embracing new economic opportunities that overturn traditional roles. Investigating the role played by household structure in reaching Pareto optimality for inefficient rural households, the paper concludes that neither monogamous nor polygynous conjugal units attain higher margins of efficiency. Instead, household agents played dictator games in public good allocation and responded opportunistically to private choices and strategies which optimized secret consumption.


One of the issues of norm adoption is identifying which norms fit a visitor agent. The agent, equipped with a norm detection algorithm, detects the norms that are practiced by local agents. The agent usually detects the strong norms and ignore the weak ones. However, we propose a novel concept of norm adoption by computing the norms benefits for the agent. To increase its utility, the agent adopts the norms that return considerable benefits to itself. It does this by computing the factors that constitute its awareness of the norms' benefits. Previously, we identified Norm Adoption Ratio, Norm Morality, Norm Yield and Norm Trust as these factors. In this paper, we compute the first two factors which are Norm Adoption Ratio and Norm Morality. We employ a Norm Strength formula to compute the Norm Adoption Ratio and propose a new architecture to compute the Norm Morality.


We present exact analytical results for the Caputo fractional derivative of
a wide class of elementary functions, including trigonometric and
inverse trigonometric, hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic, Gaussian,
quartic Gaussian, Lorentzian, and shifted polynomial functions. These
results are especially important for multi-scale physical systems, such
as porous materials, disordered media, and turbulent fluids, in which
transport is described by fractional partial differential equations. The
exact results for the Caputo fractional derivative are obtained from a single
generalized Euler's integral transform of the generalized hypergeometric
function with a power-law argument. We present a proof of the
generalized Euler's integral transform and directly apply it to the
exact evaluation of the Caputo fractional derivative of a broad spectrum of
functions, provided that these functions can be expressed in terms of a
generalized hypergeometric function with a power-law argument. We
determine that the Caputo fractional derivative of elementary functions is
given by the generalized hypergeometric function. Moreover, we show that
in the most general case the final result cannot be reduced to
elementary functions, in contrast to both the Liouville-Caputo and Fourier fractional
derivatives. However, we establish that in the infinite limit of the
argument of elementary functions, all three definitions of a fractional
derivative - the Coputo, Liouville-Caputo, and Fourier - converge to the same result given by the
elementary functions. Finally, we prove the equivalence between Liouville-Caputo and Fourier
fractional derivatives.


A lane recognition system and method are disclosed. A lane recognition system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an image sensor that photographs an image including a lane, a plurality of neurons in which a pattern vector related to lane information is stored, A vector of a size of [1 x N] is generated for a window of interest in an area of interest of an image frame, the generated vector is input to a neuromorphic system, and a vector input from a plurality of neurons stored in the neuromotion system And a lane recognition unit for recognizing a lane in the input image based on the lane information of the neuron having the most similar pattern vector.


After a week , wound healing was noticeable with no complications. Conclusion : As a benign condition, denture -induced fibrous hyperplasia should not be overlooked.
Detailed examination is required to confirm proper clinical diagnosis.


Abstract We have conducted a series of experiments designed to investigate elastic and electromagnetic (EM) velocity anisotropy associated with a preferentially aligned fracture system on a temperate valley glacier in south-central Alaska, USA. Measurements include a three-dimensional compressional wave (P-wave) seismic reflection survey conducted over a 300 m x 300 m survey patch, with uniform source grid and static checkerboard receiver pattern. Additionally, we acquired a multi-azimuth, multi-offset, polarimetric ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection experiment in a wagon-wheel geometry with 94° of azimuthal coverage. Results show azimuthal variation in the P-wave normal-moveout velocity of >3% (3765 and 3630 m s–1 in the fast and slow directions respectively) and difference of nearly 5% between the fast (0.164 m ns–1) and slow (0.156 m ns–1) EM velocities. Fracture orientations estimated from the GPR and seismic velocity data are consistent and indicate a preferred fracture orientation that is 30-45° oblique to glacier flow; these measurements agree with borehole observations. Anisotropic analysis of the polarimetric data gives a single volumetric water content estimate of 0.73 ±0.11%. We conclude that meaningful estimates of physical properties in glaciers based on EM or seismic velocity measurements require collecting data such that the presence of anisotropy can be evaluated and an anisotropic analysis employed when necessary.


It is well known that the growth of crystals results, when the growth is slow, in well-defined macro-crystalline forms (e.g. quartz). These forms can allow, in some cases, the identification of the message that is imprinted in the crystalline growth at the microscopic scale, because the microscopic information can be


Three-dimensional solutions for the hydraulic head and velocity components for transient groundwater flow in an unconfined compressible aquifer of finite thickness with a rectangular areal recharge source are analyzed using a linearized mathematical model. The solution generalizes Dagan's (1967) results, which were obtained for an idealized aquifer of infinite thickness, and Hantush's (1967) results, which were derived using the Dupuit assumptions. Hydraulic head and velocity components are estimated by asymptotic methods for large times, which are most appropriate for contaminant transport problems. Numerical analysis of the solution demonstrates spatial features of the velocity components in general and a transient effect of upward flow in particular, similar to that found for circular sources (Zlotnik and Ledder, 1992). Obtained formulas show that applicability of the Dupuit assumption for computation of velocity components in an unconfined aquifer is limited to a far-field zone given approximately by |x| > 1.5X, |y| > 1.5Y, where X and Y are the half width and half-length, respectively, of the contaminant source.


In this work we describe a high-resolution position-sensitive detector for positronium. The detection scheme is based on the photoionization of positronium in a magnetic field and the imaging of the freed positrons with a Microchannel Plate assembly. A spatial resolution of ± (88 5) μm on the position of the ionized positronium –in the plane perpendicular to a 1.0 T magnetic field– is obtained. The possibility to apply the detection scheme for monitoring the emission into vacuum of positronium from positron/positronium converters, imaging posihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2019.07.015 Received 12 April 2019; Received in revised form 20 June 2019; Accepted 15 July 2019 ⁎ Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: firstname.lastname@example.com (R. Caravita), email@example.com (S. Mariazzi). Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research B 457 (2019) 44–48 Available online 30 July 2019 0168-583X/ © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. T tronium excited to a selected state and characterizing its spatial distribution is discussed. Ways to further improve the spatial resolution of the method are presented.


To serve as the foundation for the launch of a process comprising a series of specialised separation procedures for lithium extraction and refinement, US-based membrane technology company Koch Separation Solutions Inc (KSS) recently acquired LIONEX technology from Chemionex Inc.


Ohio University Libraries has embarked on a project funded by an LSTA grant which will identify and relocate 40,000 of its scarcely-held and locally significant holdings. Currently stored in the Southeast Ohio Regional Library Depository, these items will be moved to a vendor based storage facility 80 miles from Ohio University's main campus. The goal of this project is to pre-emptively address the long-term retention and preservation of the Libraries' most distinct collections in the face of budget reductions for the state depository system.

In this paper we will discuss how the grant focus on unique collections surfaced gaps in the Libraries' collection management strategy, the resultant limitations on data driven analysis, as well as the preservation and retention implications of identifying and moving large numbers of scarce and sometimes unique monographs so far from users. The primary focus of the paper is the Ohio University Historic Book Project (HBP) which grew in response to the challenges posed by the grant project and the anticipated funding reduction.


Influence of gas velocity on fluidization characteristics of wet granulatedfurnace black is studied, and suitable gas velocity selected for oxidation of furnace black. Thethermal experiments were carried out, and the results indicate that a velocity of 0.37 m/s isappropriate and ozone can react with furnace black at room temperature. The product showsPH less than 3.5, and the reaction time increases linearly with an increase in static bed heightof the furnace black.


Recent years have witnessed the fast development of cloud-based media services. For service providers (SP), a key challenge is how to provide satisfactory services at a low cost. In this paper, we study the resource optimization for cloud-based free viewpoint video (FVV) service. We propose a Two-time-scale Resource Configuration (TRC) model. Specifically, cloud resources are allocated in a mid-long time scale and dynamically reconfigured in a fine-grained time scale. Based on the model, we formulate and solve the resource cost minimization problem and the response time minimization problem, respectively. We have implemented a prototype of cloud-based FVV on a cluster of machines. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed resource optimization schemes not only allocate resources effectively to achieve the low cost, but also reconfigure resources dynamically to obtain the low response time.


Neuromotor intervention approaches, based on central nervous system development among nonhandicapped infants and young children, are presently the most popular motor training approaches with cerebral palsied children. Empirical data in support of neuromotor or other approaches to motor training, however, are lacking. In response to the absence of a data base, the theoretical basis and effectiveness of a neuromotor intervention was investigated across seven cerebral palsied, severely handicapped children, ages 2 1/2 to 12 years. Results suggested a training effect in the data of three children. Theoretical relationships among abnormal tonic reflexes and normal motor patterns were not supported by the data. Because results were not consistent across all children, it was suggested that future research focus on subject characteristics that may relate to the effectiveness of intervention. Additionally, recommendations were made regarding measurement systems for evaluating change, and strategies for investigating multicomponent training procedures.


When the radio network of the American occupation forces in Austria, Sender RotWei(beta)-Rot (RWR), broadcast the radio play Ein Geschaft mit Traumen on February 28, 1952, its author, Ingeborg Bachmann, a young scriptwriter and editor for the station, was still essentially unknown to the Viennese listening public.1 Although her debut as the author of a radio play drew mixed reviews-the Arbeiter Zeitung found particularly annoying her "Versuch, moderner zu sein als die Gegenwart"2--she soon achieved some recognition at the station as the translator and adaptor of Thomas Wolfe's Mannerhouse, whose world premier was broadcast on March 4, 1952, less than a week after the premier of her own piece. For Bachmann scholarship, these two premiers, along with two other pieces she reworked for radio while at RWR, constitute virtually the whole of her creative work at the station.3 That she might have had further creative responsibilities as a salaried employee of the Script Department has elicited scant attention from scholars who have typically portrayed the period as something of a prelude or period of apprenticeship leading to her breakthrough as a writer in 195354.(4) Little has been recorded of her work for the station as a scriptwriter and editor, only that she worked there "mit dem Rotstift."5 Such a paucity of material may be due in large part to Bachmann's own reticence to discuss such details. For example, when asked in a 1953 interview with Bayrischer Rundfunk what type of work she did for the station, she responded obliquely: "Es werden dort verschiedene Dinge gemacht, Horspielbearbeitungen vor allem, dann the Lektoratsgutachten."6 Certainly, one cannot fault the young author for concealing that the part of her work that she found incommensurate with the image of a poetess she wished to project. Nevertheless, a considerable portion of Bachmann's responsibilities in the Script Department consisted in producing both ideas and scripts for the station's light entertainment programming. She devoted considerable energies to the task for almost two years, until personal, professional and economic factors led her to seek a new beginning outside Austria in 1953. The recent rediscovery of a number of these scripts now enables scholars to look behind this wall of silence at an entirely new type of writing within Bachmann's creative production: namely the popular radio drama, or radio "soap opera."7 While space does not permit us to examine here each of the fourteen extant scripts written entirely or in part by Bachmann between early 1952 and the summer of 1953, this article endeavors to present an introduction to these new texts and their origins in the cultural initiatives of the American occupation forces in Austria in the late 1940s and early 1950s and within the context of Bachmann's early development as a writer. As was the case with many other young Austrian writers in the early postwar period, Bachmann was unable to support herself solely through her writing and thus relied on her employment at RWR to provide the material basis for her existence. In contrast to the situation in Germany, where a new generation of writers around the "Gruppe 47" could take advantage of a burgeoning "Kulturindustrie," the situation in Austria after the war was for younger writers anything but promising, as Bachmann herself describes: Wir waren alle Mitte zwanzig, notorisch geldlos, notorisch hoffnungslos, zukunftslos, kleine Angestellte oder Hilfsarbeiter, einige schon freie Schriftsteller, das hei(beta)t soviel wie abenteuerliche Existenzen, von denen niemand recht wu(beta)te, wovon sie lebten, von Gangen aufs Versatzamt jedenfalls am oftesten.8 When "Gruppe 47" founder Hans Werner Richter gave a talk before young writers and artists in Vienna's Art Club in April of 1952, he quickly became aware of the economic concerns facing young Austrian artists and took special note of the vehemence with which they decried their plight: Man spricht vom Geld, von den Honoraren and die Frage der Existenz scheint hier rein materieller Natur. …


The Sati system originated in the patrilineal society,along with the development of ancient Chinese society,in the different stages had different manifestations.The paper revealed the history position of the Sati system of the Qin Dynasty by the gli oggetti funerare of Qingong and the related matericals.


Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Stiftung KinderHerz

 Wearables enjoy great popularity in children and adolescents. They suggest objectively measuring subjects' physical activity (PA) or at least give a hint of how it is. But is there a correlation between step-count, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and peak oxygen uptake (peakV'O2)?

 This study investigates this question in children with various congenital heart diseases (CHD).

 From September 2017 to September 2021 sixty-six patients (13 ± 3 years, 20 girls) measured their daily step-count and MVPA via Garmin fit jr. over one week and underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to quantify their peakV'O2. CHD severity was complex in 50%, moderate in 39%, and simple in 11%. The distribution consisted of 18% with a left heart defect, 50% with a right heart defect, 5% with a Fontan circulation, 9% with an isolated shunt, and 18% with transposition of the great arteries. The correlation was performed via first Spearman's correlation and secondly partial correlation, adjusted for age, sex height, and weight. Results are presented in median [IQR25;IQR75].

 Median steps on a weekly average were 7,576 [6,100;10,888] and MVPA 68 [52;95] minutes. PeakV'O2 was 33 [28;39] ml/min/kg, represented as 77 [68;91] % of predicted, which corresponds to slight impairment. Step-counts slightly correlates with peakV'O2 (r=0.277, p=0.024). However, correlation vanished after adjusting for anthropometrics (step-count: r=0.244, p=0.056). MVPA and peakV'O2 did not correlate at all.

 Objectively measured PA and exercise capacity are poorly associated. Since both are independent constructs, it is necessary to assess both in a clinical setting - PA in the context of cardiovascular prevention and peakV'O2 as the strongest predictor for morbidity and mortality.


The introduction of newer instruments and techniques has resulted in endodontic procedures becoming easier, faster and safe. The most important among the advances is Nickel Titanium (NiTi) rotary instrumentation that has resulted in consistent, predictable and reproducible shaping of the root canal system. The noticeable features of these file system include flexibility, extreme fracture resistance, controlled memory, pre sterilized modular system, cutting efficiency and safety. This case report is an attempt to enlighten the design features of a newly introduced nickel titanium single file rotary system Hyflex EDM used for root canal preparation.


This paper proposes a super twisting sliding mode control for a bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) converter. First of all, the mathematical model of the DAB converter developed around the Fourier expansion of the switching functions is defined and then a super twisting sliding function is proposed to regulate the output voltage while utilizing a sliding mode observer to estimate the load disturbance to get a feedforward term to the control input. On the contrary of the classical sliding mode control methods, the proposed sliding function is capable of alleviating the chattering while attaining zero steady state error and finite time convergence by estimating the load current and feedforwarding to the control loop. Since the control input is smooth, it can be directly injected to the PWM block for generating switching signals that cause fixed switching frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in the MATLAB/ simulation software. The results confirm the disturbance rejection, fast response, and chattering alleviation of the proposed strategy thanks to the inherent characteristics of the super twisting method.


Complex drugs may be either biological, if the active ingredients are derived from a biological source, or non-biological, if obtained by chemical synthesis. In both cases, their quality depends considerably on the manufacturing process. For Non Biological Complex Drugs (NBCDs), in particular, complexity may arise either from the active substance, as in the case of glatiramer acetate (GA), or from other sources, such as the formulation, as in the case of liposomes (Figure 1) (1). GA is approved, in the US and the EU, as a diseasemodifying treatment for patients with relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis. It is a heterogeneous mixture of not fully characterized synthetic polypeptides, containing L-alanine, L-lysine, L-glutamic acid, L-tyrosine in the constant molar ratio 0.43:0.34:0.14:0.09, with and average molecular weight from 5 to 9 kDa and distribution range from 2.5 to 20 kDa (2). The amino acid sequences are not completely random, being the result of both the physicochemical properties of the starting materials and the fundamental reaction scheme. However, they are not completely conserved from batch to batch, even when the process is tightly controlled. Indeed along with conserved characteristics such as amino acid molar ratio other characteristics such as the specific amino acid sequences will show batch-to-batch variability (1). To address this complexity, for the marketing of GA copies, US and EU regulatory agencies have chosen a generic approach integrated with additional data. However, the implementation is different in the two jurisdictions (Figure 1).


Few studies have examined the impact of mentoring (developing a special relationship with a nonparental adult) on educational achievement and attainment in the general population. In addition, prior research has yet to clarify the extent to which mentoring relationships reduce inequality by enabling disadvantaged youths to compensate for the lack of social resources or to promote inequality by serving as a complementary resource for advantaged youths. The results of a nationally representative sample of youths show (1) a powerful net influence of mentors on the educational success of youths and (2) how social background and parental, peer, and personal resources condition the formation and effectiveness of mentoring relationships. The findings uncover an interesting paradox—that informal mentors may simultaneously represent compensatory and complementary resources. Youths with many resources are more likely than are other young people to have mentors, but those with few resources are likely to benefit more from having a mentor—particularly a teacher mentor—in their lives.


This prodigious volume represents a landmark assemblage of the significant work of the legendary anthropologist and Native American intellectual Beatrice Medicine. For half a century, Dr. Medicine has defied stereotypes, racism, and sexism in her life and work while combating the reductive, patronizing views of Native Americans perpetuated by mainstream anthropologists. This retrospective collection reflects her unswerving commitment to furthering Native Americans' ability to speak for themselves and deal with the problems of contemporary life. "Learning to Be an Anthropologist and Remaining "Native"" includes Medicine's clear-eyed views of assimilation, bilingual education, and the adaptive strategies by which Native Americans have conserved and preserved their ancestral languages. Her discussions of sex roles in contemporary Native American societies encompass homosexual orientation among males and females and the "warrior woman" role among Plains Indians as one of several culturally accepted positions according power and prestige to women. The volume also includes Medicine's thoughtful assessments of kinship and family structures, alcoholism and sobriety, the activism implicit in the religious ritual of the Lakota Sioux Sun Dance, and the ceremonial uses of Lakota star quilts. "The Native American is possibly the least understood ethnic minority in contemporary American society", Medicine observes. Her decades of deliberate, generous, dedicated work have done much to reveal the workings of Native culture while illuminating the effects of racism and oppression on Indian families, kinship units, and social and cultural practices.


The hypocotyl segments of aseptic seedlings of Jixin 23 and Chenguang 51,self in compatibility lines of cabbage,were used as explants,cultured on the modified MS medium supplemented with hormone combination A(1mg/lBA,1mg/lZT and 0.05mg/lNAA) or B(2mg/lZT and 0.05mg/lNAA). The inductive rates of adventitious buds were up to 86.4% and 100% for Jixin 23 in hormone combinations Aand B,respectively,and the corresponding figures for Chenguang 51 were 86.3% and 40.6%. Through agrobacterium mediated transformation,recombinant plasmids carrying the CpTI gene and NPT II gene were introduced into the cells of hypocotyl segments.Regenerated plants with kanamycin resistance were obtained.This test showed that cefotaxime had strong inhibition of adventitious bud induction,while carbenicillin maintained the potency of induction.Kanamycin showed complete inhibition of adventitious bud induction.The suitable screening concentration of kanamycin was 10 mg/l.


This paper details about weaving of single-layer 3D 'T' profile with fillet for use as insert in composite 'T' joints and 'T' stiffeners. The 'T' insert with fillet was woven using 3 K carbon tows on a narrow width multi-beam automatic loom. Weaving was carried out based on the double-cloth weaving principle. Novelty of the work lied in the approach adopted for designing of the weave architecture in developing 3D 'T' profile with fillet portion, arriving at the pick cycle diagram for weave design development which has been detailed in this paper. Test results of composite 'T' joints fabricated incorporating the insert showed strength improvement as well as change in crack propagation mode as compared to conventional 'T' joint. The continuous insert with fillet acted as a bridging member among the three sections of the 'T' joint, thus contributing to performance improvement.