F r a n k l i n d . r o o s e v e l t was born in 1882, Barack Obama in 1961. Roosevelt graduated from Harvard and went on to Columbia Law School. Obama graduated from Columbia and went on to Harvard Law School. Both led the American Democratic Party as successful Presidential candidates, the first in 1932, the second in 2008. Yet Roosevelt was an established member of the American upper class, a veritable WASP, and Obama is a Black American. Jerome Karabel recounts the story of what happened at ''the Big Three'', Harvard, Yale and Princeton (henceforth HYP) in the years between. This is an important book whether read as a contribution to the history of the USA or as an addition to the sociology of education. What Karabel is arguing becomes explicit on p. 536. ''The transformation of Harvard, Yale and Princeton from enclaves of the Protestant upper class into institutions with a striking degree of racial, ethnic, and religious [and gender] diversity was by any standard historic. Yet beneath this dramatic and highly visible change in the physiognomy of the student body was a surprising degree of stability in one crucial regard – the privileged class origins of the students at the Big Three''. He goes on to point out that by 2000 the cost of a year at HYP had risen to $35,000 – a colossal sum which could not be afforded by over 90 % of the American families. Yet a majority of the HYP freshmen were able to pay their expenses without extra-familial financial assistance. Karabel tells this American story in compelling detail in the previous 500 pages. But the story is not new. Indeed it is at least 20 years old as a common feature of the leading countries of the world – Oxford and Cambridge in England, the Grandes Écoles in France, the national university in Japan and the law faculties in Germany. Let me ''declare an interest'' as modern authors have been urged to do since R. K. Merton encouraged sociologists to write a short autobiographical prefatory paragraph to any of their substantial works. I first met Karabel in the 1970s when he came to Nuffield College, Oxford, as a graduate student from Harvard. My first reader in the sociology of education (Education, Economy and Society) had appeared in 1961, and


Water quality in much of Georgia is threatened by nonpoint source pollution due to urban development and increased stormwater runoff. Recent watershed modeling for seven watersheds in Henry County, Georgia has projected increases in nutrient loads caused by nonpoint sources. The GWLF model was used to explore management strategies that may mitigate these increases. Projected increases in TN and TP loads from nonpoint sources in Henry County's jurisdictional areas are expected to increase by 48% and 3%, respectively, over the next 20 years. Two out of four management options considered were capable of reducing future TP loads to existing levels, but none were predicted to reduce TN to existing levels.


ar-Rahman, Allah. ' Each one tells us something of personal significance about God.' The Muslim approach to God is commended : If one goes through the motions of Muslim prayer, standing, bowing, kneeling, and placing one's hands and face to the ground, one can feel in the very movements of the body the meaning of surrender to the will of God. This is the way it feels when one is facing directly, as it were, towards God.'


Feature selection has devoted a consistently great amount of effort to dimension reduction for various machine learning tasks. Existing feature selection models focus on selecting the most discriminative features for learning targets. However, this strategy is weak in handling two kinds of features, that is, the irrelevant and redundant ones, which are collectively referred to as noisy features. These features may hamper the construction of optimal low-dimensional subspaces and compromise the learning performance of downstream tasks. In this study, we propose a novel multi-label feature selection approach by embedding label correlations (dubbed ELC) to address these issues. Particularly, we extract label correlations for reliable label space structures and employ them to steer feature selection. In this way, label and feature spaces can be expected to be consistent and noisy features can be effectively eliminated. An extensive experimental evaluation on public benchmarks validated the superiority of ELC.


The high-temperature compost with passion fruit marc as raw material was carried out to study the effect of microbial strain Rongfeng on the dynamic changes of temperature,total-N,water-soluble NH~+_4-N,water-soluble NO~-_3-N in compost processing.The results showed that a slower temperature increased,shorter high-temperature decomposing period,larger T-N loss and less,transforming from NH~+_4-N to NO~-_3-N was found,in the compost with passion fruit marc only.Adding cow manure and microbial strain Rongfeng shorten the time of reaching high temperature,extend high temperature decomposing duration,reduce the T-N losing,enhance transforming NH~+_4-N to NO~-_3-N,accelerate the compost process of passion fruit Marc.And improve the quantity of compost.


The present invention discloses a speech recognition method and an electronic apparatus, said speech recognition method is used in an electronic device, the method comprising: when the electronic device detects a user starts speaking at time T0, taking i = 1, the i-th voice sub-detection information corresponding to the time Ti, wherein, the i-th voice sub-information to the voice information corresponding to the time Ti at the time T0, the i-th voice sub Tj information at the time after the time T0 to the time Ti corresponding to a portion of the complete semantic voice information voice information, i is an integer greater than or equal to 1; analyzing the i-th voice sub-information to obtain the results of analysis M, M being an integer greater than or equal to 1.


Various non-invasive administration has been recently coming as an excellent alternative to conventional administrative mechanism. A transdermal drug delivery system with polymeric microneedles presents the most attractive method among all these because of its low rejection rate, higher bioavailability, super convenience, ease of administration and ease of termination, biodegradable and persistence in the skin care industry. However, the skin physiochemical properties made them to protect the inner environment and this mechanism play as excellent barrier for TDDS, hence polymeric bio dissolvable and biocompatible microneedle can be excellent choice. In this research, we fabricated and characterized the different proportions of polymer blend solution for effective and improved bioavailability and delivery of Ondansetron HCl. We characterized TDDS on progression of mechanically strength determination by folding endurance, flatness study, gelatin sheets beds penetration application, percentage drug content releasement under FT-IR and studied microscopic images the shape and size of microneedle. In addition, desired physical properties and an excellent alternative method had been established with high efficiency inherent to TDDS which expected to find a broad range of application fields.


According to previous research results, the relationship between initial (pretherapy) patient-therapist value similarity and psychotherapy outcome is not clear. In this study, 45 adult outpatients were examined with the intention of clarifying the relationship between patient-therapist value similarity, convergence, patient locus of control, and improvement. As hypothesized, initial value similarity was negatively correlated with convergence and convergence was correlated with therapist-rated improvement. Also, when improvement was measured within the realm of specific symptoms, especially symptoms of paranoia and interpersonal sensitivity, additional significant findings were discovered involving the correlation of initial similarity as well as locus of control with improvement. In general, this study suggested the need for evaluating improvement within specific areas of functioning and through the use of several rating sources such as the patient, therapist, and an independent rater(s).


In spite of the huge literature delivered in last decades about stone protection and conservation, marble consolidation remains a quite delicate problem. In the last 10 years, more than 400 papers about stone consolidants have been delivered, only 10% of which specifically devoted to marbles; if we have a look to the Countries involved in these researches, more than 60% of published data are released by Italian Institutes, followed by Spain, Greece, and Belgium, revealing an Europe-centrism of this topic (statistical data from SciVal 2005-2016). Effectively, in the same time lap, EU financed almost eight Projects devoted to produce new materials for stone consolidations [1,2], three of which specifically finalized to support transnational access and networking among conservator scientists (e.g.: Stonecore, Nanomatch, Nanoforart, Nanorestart, NanoCathedral, Eu-Artech, Charisma, Iperion CH.it).


Special education teacher development is continually studied to determine best practices for improving teacher quality and promoting student learning. Video analysis is commonly included in teacher development targeting both teacher thinking and practice intended to improve learning opportunities for students. Positive research findings support video analysis as a teacher development tool, but the practice has not been deemed evidence based. In this evaluation, quality indicators, adapted from special education research and government recommendations, were used to determine whether video analysis is an evidence-based practice for developing special education pre-service and in-service teachers. A systematic literature search resulted in 113 identified articles which were narrowed to seven experimental studies using screening criteria adapted from What Works Clearing House. Significant findings supported video analysis across all seven studies, and the overall quality of the published research suggests video analysis is a promising practice. Implications and recommendations for special education teacher development are discussed.


The Tanakpur Barrage was constructed by India in the 1980s on her territory on the Mahakali river, as an "alternative" to the aging 1920 Sarada barrage, to irrigate 1.61 million hectares of land in India. The sill level of the Tanakpur regulator for the Nepal canal is EL 245 meters, which is 3.5 meters (11.5 feet) higher than the sill level for the corresponding regulator for India. India stresses that specified quantity of water flow for Nepal will be assured as the pond level of the barrage for power generation will be maintained at EL 246.7 meters. Such promises were made on the Gandak barrage, which also has a powerhouse on the canal, but as the pond level was not maintained, Nepal never got the specified quantity of water from the Gandak barrage. Over the last 13 years, India has been totally deaf to Nepal's request to lower the sill level. Instead, India, argues that the Tanakpur regulator for Nepal was already "constructed in 1992 before the treaty." India's modus operandi , whether for the Farakka, Tanakpur, or Laxmanpur barrages or the Mahali Sagar, Rasiawal-Khurd-Lotan, Kalkalwa-Holiya bunds, has always been to construct first then, over the years, formalize it. Like many of the structures along the Indo-Nepal border, if Nepal does not take a firm stand then the Nepal canal sill level at Tanakpur is heading to be another fait accompli , for Nepal. Key words: Tanakpur barrage; Sill level; Sarada barrage; Mahakali Treaty; India; Nepal DOI: 10.3126/hn.v5i0.2476 Hydro Nepal Vol. 5, July 2009 Page:2-7


Recently, the deep neural networks (DNNs) are successfully adopted into the voice activity detection (VAD) area. However, the performance of the DNN-based VAD is still unsatisfactory in noise environments where the feature subspace of the training database and the test environments are not matched with each other. In this paper, we propose a local feature shift technique which normalizes the feature subspaces over various noise environments. The proposed technique considers the local minimum vectors of the log-Mel filterbank features as noise power estimates and produces feature shift vectors from them. The experimental results in stationary and non-stationary noise environments show that the DNN with the proposed technique outperforms the conventional DNN-based VAD algorithms.


One of the problems in Cognitive radio is the hidden node problem which as a result of sightless collisions leads to packet loss, degrading the QOS of the network, delays in transfers and many more problems. In this paper we discuss the advancements made in contention- based protocols to avoid the hidden node problem. We arrange them in three classes, which are Sender-initiated, Receiver-initiated and Hybrid protocols. In the end, we discuss the challenges associated with hidden node problem.


Hyperspectral processing technology becomes one of the most focused issues in remote sensing field. In the hyperspectral classification, significant improvements have been achieved by various deep learning methods. In general, deep learning algorithms adopt a cascade of layers to extract the hierarchical features. However, the deep hierarchical property will cause some defects such as overfitting and gradient vanishing. In this paper, a hybrid method based on CapsNet and Triple-GANs has been explored to avoid overfitting and extract the effective features. Unlike ordinary CNN, the CapsNet is the consist of a group of capsules with vectorizing the activation output which could consider not only spectral deep features but also the relative locations of these features. The Triple-GANs is a game system with three players: a generator, a classifier and a discriminator. When the Triple-GANs converges to balance, the credible labelled samples could been obtained by the generator which boost the CapsNet in the classification task.The main contents are as follows: 1)By introducing the CapsNet in the hyperspectral feature extraction, the 2D convolution operations are replaced by 1D to adapt the pixel-wised spectral features. 2) Use the Triple-GANs and CapsNet to do the hyperspectral classification on small training dataset. Experimental results show that this algorithm can obviously improve the performance of classification compared with the traditional methods.


This study is an extended follow‐up for 24 months of a 12‐week trial to study the long‐term clinical efficacy of low‐dose inhaled budesonide (BUD) once or twice daily in children with mild asthma. A total of 122 children (mean age 9.7 years, girls/boys; 42/80) with mild asthma (FEV1 103.7% of predicted, reversibility in FEV1 3.5%, and fall in FEV1 afterexercise 12.2%), not previously treated with inhaled steroids, were included in a double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group study. The children were treated with inhaled BUD 100 or 200 µg administered via Turbuhaler® once daily in the morning, 100 µg twice daily, or placebo for 27 months. Exercise and methacholine challenges were performed at 3‐month intervals the first year and at 6‐month intervals the second year, in a total of seven visits. A significant dose‐response effect favoring BUD 200 µg daily (vs 100 µg daily) was found when comparing changes in FEV1, FEF25%, and FEV50%; the fall in FEV1 after an exercise test; and the effect on blood eosinophils. Bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine decreased significantly on three visits in patients treated with BUD 200 µg daily compared to placebo. Growth rate was not significantly affected except in children aged 7–11 years at baseline after 12 months of treatment. In conclusion, 100 or 200 µg daily of inhaled BUD for 27 months is safe and effective in protecting against exercise‐induced asthma and achieving nearly normal lung function. Baseline lung function was not significantly affected in this group of children with mild asthma.


Studies in job satisfaction typically assume that the individualistic value orientations of middle status groups pervade all levels of the occupational structure. This study postulated that such orientations do not characterize different types of industrial workers, and that reference group theory can account for the traditional findings, as well as such anomalous findings as high satisfaction among relatively unskilled workers. However, reference group theory itself must take into account structural features of the society such as the type of stratification system, pattern of adult socialization, and mobility rates.


Zhao Shuli shaped images,represented by Third Fair,who suffered from amnesia in some of his novels,these individuals or groups all had similarly forgetful experiences which were either thrall bitterness or the pleasure of enslaving other people.This not only reflected Zhao's inheritance from Lu Xun's criticism on national traits,but also showed his criticism differences in different historical periods.The images,created by the writer,were surprisingly resembled in spite of their different times.In the process of oppressing or being oppressed,culture was the foundation,if the amnesia in spiritual mind was not removed completely,the emancipation of rural areas and peasants was not truly realized,rural areas and peasants would be the block to the national progress.


Corporate models can be valuable strategic planning tools. Traditional corporate models are expensive to develop and cumbersome to run. Engineers can now use electronic spread-sheet programs, available on personal computers, to rapidly build corporate models. This paper describes how this is done and tells how to avoid many common difficulties. Two case studies show how important insights can be developed from simple and understandable models.


The III-bismides are considered to be a very attractive set of III-V alloys due to their potential applications in photonic and spintronic devices. The incorporation of bismuth into GaAs, with its band anti-crossing effect in the valence band of GaAs, leads to a decrease in the temperature dependence of the bandgap. Such a material may be very useful in designing temperature-insensitive semiconductor lasers, optical amplifiers and optical modulators in the near-and mid-IR region [1].As bismuth is a comparatively large atom, its alloying to III-V semiconductors can possibly lead to a large spin orbit splitting needed for spintronic devices [2]. This property is also expected to significantly increase the operating efficiency of near-IR lasers by suppressing Auger recombination and inter-valence band absorption [3]. In order to investigate the basic physical properties of this new alloy, spectroscopic measurements were performed on epilayer samples based on GaAsBi. Room temperature photoreflectance (PR) studies on 30-40nm epitaxial layers of GaBixAs1-x (2.3 %< x<10.4%) grown on GaAs (100) have shown a band-gap reduction, together with an increase in the spinorbit splitting energy, with increasing Bi percentage. In addition, we observed a valence band heavy-hole/light-hole (HH-LH) splitting in the compressively-strained GaAsBi thin layers grown on the GaAs substrate. This strain-induced valence band splitting was used to calculate the deformation potential for this novel bismide material. PR spectroscopy of GaAsBi quantum wells grown with the same Bi flux, but different As flux, also reveal further interesting results, as will be discussed. References: [1] K.Oe, Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.412801 (2002). [2] B.Fluegel, S.Francoeur and A. Mascarenhas, S. Tixier, E. C. Young, and T.Tiedje, Phys. Rev. Lett, 97, 067205(2006). [3] S. J. Sweeney, Photonics West 2010, paper [7616-11] (2010).


This article describes the measures that have helped to improve the quality of psychiatric care for children in the city of Kirov and the Kirov region. The authors emphasize the role of the Program of local departments of health care and education, which is oriented at early diagnosis of mental disorders in children and further multidisciplinary rehabilitation in day hospitals for children on the basis of kindergartens and regular schools. Monitoring of results of this psychiatric care shows its effect not only immediately after rehabilitation measures but in long-term perspective. The former clients of psychiatric day hospitals for children show lower rates of deviant and delinquent behaviors.


Commentary on an article by persaud, b, migration risks after remedial blackspot treatment, traffic engineering and control, vol 28, no 1, January 1987, pages 23-6. The author of the original article provides reply to dr andreassens' letter.


e13558 Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most lethal primary brain tumors in children and adults. Despite enormous efforts to elucidate the genetic and epigenetic drivers of this disease, the prognosis for patients diagnosed with GBM remains dismal. Because tumor cell metabolism differs greatly from that of normal non-cancerous cells, it is possible to develop therapies which more effectively target the cancer cell while sparing normal cells. Growing in popularity is the ketogenic diet, which is a high fat, very low carbohydrate diet resulting in the production of ketone bodies, acetoacetate (AA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) to generate ATP. Methods: Analysis conducted by open-access GBM patient database, mts assay, Western blot, neurosphere assay, and TEM. Results: Enzymes required for ketone metabolism (BDH1 and OXCT1) were significantly downregulated in GBM while glycolytic enzymes were significantly upregulated (HK2, HK1, SLC2A3, NAMPT, G6PD). GBM stem cell (GSC) markers (CD44, STAT3) positively correlated with glycolytic enzymes. Ultrastructural analysis of GSCs indicated that about half of the mitochondria were missing cristae, highly suggestive of an increased glycolytic dependency. Treatment of patient-derived GSC lines as well as non-stem cell lines SJGBM2 (pediatric) and U87 (adult) resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in viability in response to the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). When cells were exposed to ketone bodies, AA but not βHB induced a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability with 10 mM reducing viability ranging from 20-80% of non-treated controls. Western blot analysis demonstrated robust caspase activation and PARP cleavage in response to AA. Furthermore, AA significantly reduced GSC neurosphere formation at 2.5 mM suggesting inhibition of GSC self-renewal pathways. Combined treatment of low dose 2-DG (50 μM) with increasing concentrations of AA resulted in more cell death than either treatment. The effect was more than additive at the low concentrations of AA (1- 5 mM) suggesting synergy. Conclusions: Glycolytic inhibition in conjunction with the ketogenic diet may be a promising therapeutic route for this difficult-to-treat cancer.


The aim of this study is to determine the current status of the rangeland, whose vegetation was completely renewed in 2013, as of 2021. During the 7-8 years after the rehabilitation study, the proportions of the species in the vegetation changed significantly, although there was no significant change in the soil cover value of the plants. Soil coverage rate of pasture vegetation is 98.20%; the ratios of decreaser, increaser and invasive species are 13.14%, 5.39% and 81.77%, respectively. It has been determined that the stubble height remaining after grazing in the pasture is less than 50% of the average vegetation height, all accessible parts of the pasture are grazed, the reproductive plant parts of the decreasing and increasing plant species are very few, and they can develop under the protection of thorny plants that animals cannot reach. It has been also determined that all herbaceous plants except thorny plants are grazing at varying rates in the pasture. According to all these data, it was concluded that the pasture was intensively grazed. Perennial grass (Lolium perenne) with the highest rate and the most common decreaser in vegetation with a frequency of 3.97% and a frequency of 80%, while the invasive species is a wild blackberry (Rubus sp.) with a rate of 46.54% and a frequency of 90%. According to their rate and distribution in vegetation, forage plant species that can be preferred in all kinds of seeding operations in pastures in this and similar ecologies; Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Poa pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium fragiferum and Trifolium repens, the most important shrub species to be controlled is wild blackberry. The employment of goats, which preferably graze blackberries and other shrubs and even other herbaceous plants that cattle do not prefer, can be recommended as the most economical and environmentally friendly weed control method. Otherwise, vegetation should be renewed at regular intervals to protect the pasture from invasive species.


Demagnetization fault in five phases ferrite permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine is an important fault in this electric machine because this type may lead to a change in the basic characteristics of the electric machine and if this type of fault is not detected timely, they can quickly progress into more severe demagnetization faults. The main aim of this thesis is to detect demagnetization fault in an early stage with two pole demagnetization. There are two methods to analyze a fault in the electric machine. In this thesis, they are online and offline fault analysis. This thesis compared both the types of analyzing fault. In offline fault analysis, we have analyzed using the back-EMF method which gives the required results but these results will help us to determine the deviated parameter in spectral analysis and they don't help us to predict the faults in early stages. In the case of online fault analysis, this thesis analyzes the spectral content of motor current signature, zero sequence voltage component, and deviation in power factor due to demagnetization fault. It is proven that demagnetization faults can be detected earlier with the help of online fault analysis which provides more sensitivity than offline fault analysis. To conclude, this thesis proposes three demagnetization fault indicators and the minimum threshold values to determine these faults in early stages which are based on the results obtained from the spectral analysis of motor current signature and zero sequence voltage component, and deviation in the power factor.


A practicum addressed the significant difference between the reading comprehension levels of gifted students and their ability to demonstrate achieved levels on exams designed to measure these levels. Nineteen fifth-grade students participated in daily timed activities targeting reading comprehension, reading rate, attitudes towards test taking, and cognitive awareness of innate test taking strategies. Results indicated that the program was successful in improving the students' performance in the targeted areas. It is held that this plan could be used as part of a daily maintenance program with gifted and mainstream students. (Fourteen references and 5 appendixes--the Dade County Reading Comprehension Placement Test, Reading Drills Activities, a Strategy Use Questionnaire, Graphs for Plotting Reading Results, and a Time Frame--are attached.) (PRA) ********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** el( A RESEARCH STUDY TO AUGMENT READING COMPREHENSION OF GIFTED STUDENTS THROUGH INCREASED EXPOSURE TO TEST-TAXING METHODS AND STRATEGIES by KRISTA R. HERRERA A Practicum Report submitted to the faculty of the Center for the Advancement of Education of Nova University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. The abstract of this report may be placed in a national database system for reference. "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" June, 1991 BEST COPY AVAILABLE U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION nelce ol Educations' Research and imprOvemeni EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERICI IThis document hes been reproduced 55 reCerv)d Iron% the Person Or cowl:alio,' ongineting 31 Arlmor Changes have been made to ,rttprove reproduction du9hty PomtS 01 nee* or opinions staled in that dOCu ment do not necessarily represent official 41) OEM position or policy


Mathematical simulations of the dissipation of triclopyr butoxyethyl ester in a model aquatic system representing a shallow, static pond were conducted. Aqueous hydrolysis, sorption to bottom sediment, hydrolysis in sediment and photolysis were considered in predicting aqueous concentration-time profiles. Potential concentrations in Coho salmon were evaluated as part of the model based on rate constants for uptake, hydrolysis and elimination as determined in laboratory investigations conducted in another study. Predicted chemical concentrations in the fish were then related to toxicity data to estimate aqueous concentrations in the model environment required to give a toxic response. In general, the simulations showed that the ester concentration in the pond water would decline, with an approximate half-life of 6 to 24 h. Initial ester concentrations of 1.0 to 1.5 mg/L in this simulated pond environment would be required to result in chemical concentrations in fish above toxic threshold levels.


This paper elaborates a model of bequest wealth developed by Menchik and David (1983) and an attempt to understand intergenerational transfers of wealth (David and Menchik 1982). The crucial difference is that the current work recognizes differential survivorship in the population. The analysis begins from the observation that at death every individual has a cumulative history. Survival is recorded by age at death; net accumulation (by savings or inheritance) is recorded in estate wealth. The expected survival for a cohort is the life expectancy at birth for every person born in a particular year based on actual mortality risks experienced. The expected wealth for the cohort is the mathematical exp0ectation of net estates integrated over the same mortality risks. Empirical computation of expected wealth is hampered by 2 problems: 1) mortality risks vary in the population and over time; and 2) observation of net estates for most cohorts is truncated as some individuals in a cohort survive the calendar date on which observation is terminated. These 2 problems are solved in estimating cohort wealth for a sample of Wisconsin taxpayers. Men in the sample were followed longitudinally from 1947-1964 in tax and related administrative records. Their death and probate records were recorded up to 1978. Hazard rate models of differential occupational mortality risks were estimated from the occupational information on the tax records. The Menchik-David (1983) model of bequest wealth was re-estimated using this differential mortality and occupational information. Alternatives estimated include models in which occupation alters bequest propensities models in which differential mortality alters estimated lifetime income and the combination. Using the variants of the bequest model estimated values of net estate were simulated for individuals in each birth cohort who survived beyond 1978. The simulation demonstrates that survivors have characteristics that imply greater wealth holdings than the deceased in every birth year covered by the study (1890-1924). Because of this estimates of wealth-age relationships produced by the estate multiplier method for any given year will have a serious downward bias. (authors)


For softcopy-reading of mammograms, a room illuminance of 10 lx is recommended in standard procedures. Room illuminance affects both the maximal monitor contrast and the global luminance adaptation of the visual system. A radiologist observer has to adapt to low luminance levels, when entering the reading room. Since the observer's sensitivity to low-contrast patterns depends on adaptation state and processes, it would be expected that the contrast sensitivity is lower at the beginning of a reading session. We investigated the effect of an initial time of dark adaptation on the contrast sensitivity. A study with eight observers was conducted in the context of mammographic softcopy-reading. Using Gabor patterns with varying spatial frequency, orientation, and contrast level as stimuli in an orientation discrimination task, the intra-observer contrast sensitivity was determined for foveal vision. Before performing the discrimination task, the observers adapted for two minutes to an average illuminance of 450 lx. Thereafter, contrast thresholds were repeatedly measured at 10 lx room illuminance over a course of 15 minutes. The results show no significant variations in contrast sensitivity during the 15 minutes period. Thus, it can be concluded that taking an initial adaptation time does not affect the perception of lowcontrast objects in mammographic images presented in the typical softcopy-reading environment. Therefore, the reading performance would not be negatively influenced when the observer started immediately with reading of mammograms. The results can be used to optimize the workflow in the radiology reading room.


Deflecting the charged particle beam for multipole magnet comprising: a pole plane disposed in a plurality of ferromagnetic poles; a plurality of permanent magnets, each permanent magnet having a magnetization direction, and each permanent magnet arranged to the magnetomotive force supplied to the said plurality of ferromagnetic poles to produce a magnetic field in a plane along the beamline pole space between the poles; and a plurality of ferromagnetic flux-conducting member, which is arranged to direct at least one of the plurality of magnetic flux from the permanent magnets ; wherein the multipole magnet comprises an even number of ferromagnetic poles, each pole is arranged along a polar axis and the poles of the other diametrically opposite poles in a plane, wherein each of the plurality of permanent magnets and a plurality of magnetic poles at least one correlation, and the magnetization direction of each permanent magnet pole axis is oriented with respect to the pole plane associated pole angle of at least 45 °.


Based on the explanation of the work principle of pressure-reducing valve of rocket motor,the computing model of the vibration of the pressure-reducing valve was established not considering the damp effect of fluid,that is single degree of freedom natural vibration.By using mutual acting principle of force,the membrane and valve disc acted by uniform pressure were analyzed separately,the vibration formula of the motion parts of the pressure-reducing valve was obtained,the computation formulae of the equivalent stiffness of the membrane acting as spring,the equivalent single force of the uniform pressure caused by turbulence,and the natural frequency were derived.Each parameter,which affects the level of the natural frequency,was analyzed.The derived computation formula of the natural frequency can be used broadly,it is more simple,precise than finite element method,and more suitable for engineering.


The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) can tolerate very high levels of waterborne cadmium. It has one of the highest 96 h LC50 recorded for a freshwater teleost fish (14.8 mg/L Cd; hardness 50 mg/L CaCO3). Cadmium is known to perturb ion balance in teleost fishes. However, in an acute time course experiment, plasma Na+ concentrations were unaffected, and plasma Ca2+ values only decreased after 96 h exposure in a dose‐independent manner. Branchial Na+/K+‐ATPase activity and α‐subunit protein level expression in crude gill homogenates were not affected by Cd exposure during this period. Branchial chloride cell numbers, identified as Na+/K+‐ATPase immunoreactive cells using immunohistochemistry, decreased 24 h after exposure but recovered thereafter. Histopathological changes did not follow a consistent pattern of variation with exposure time, and the alterations noted in gill epithelium were basically nonspecific to cadmium. Because of its tolerance, it can be concluded that the tilapia O. niloticus would not be a suitable test organism to evaluate sublethal toxicity of cadmium and the realistic impact of this pollutant in the environment. However, it certainly could contribute significantly to our understanding of the toxic mechanism of cadmium exposure in aquatic organisms. This is the first work to investigate the effect of waterborne pollutants on Na+/K+‐ATPase α‐subunit protein expression in fish gills. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 21: 33–46, 2006.


Objective:An HPLC method was established for the determination of diosgenin in Bixie Fenqing pills. Methods:The column was Kromasil KR100-5 C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm).The mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetonitrile (30:70).The determination wavelength was set at 206 nm,column temperature was room temperature.Results:The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.123-1.23 mg·mL~(-1)of diosgenin with correlation coefficient 0.9998.The average recovery of diosgenin was 98.9%.Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid and it can be used for the quality control of diosgenin in Bixie Fenqing pills.


In order to reduce the cost and promote the application of Structural Health Monitor(SHM),a scheme for Remote SHM of Application Service Provider(ASP) mode(ASP-RSHM) is presented. By integrating the relevant resources,the remote professional services are provided to SHM. Combined with the requirements of this system,the method for its implementation based on grid technology is discussed,and the flow of the system is also analyzed. A practical case for application is proposed,which takes Dongting Lake Bridge as the example. Experimental results show this scheme is feasible.


On a 0–10 scale (0 = no confidence and 10 = absolute confidence), the mean confidence score in TcPO 2 measurements was 6.9 (range: 0–10) (online Supplemental Table 2). TcPO 2 measurement was well correlated with wound healing (277, 87.7%) and amputation healing (267, 84.5%). To a lesser degree, some participants also agreed with cor-relation with systolic toe pressure (187, 59.2%), PAD severity according to Fontaine classification (117, 37.0%), Doppler waveforms (77, 24.4%), and ankle pressure (74, 23.4%). Survey respondents reported that confounding factors in TcPO 2 measurement are mainly edema (292, 92.4%) and local infection (216, 84.2%). Other factors include comorbidities (anemia, heart failure, respiratory failure, sleep apnea) (189, 58.9%), skin thickness (189, 58.9%), smok-ing, caffeine consumption (within 2 hours before measurement) (152, 48.1%), PAD severity (77, 24.4%), and age (36, 11.3%).Concerning controllable confounding factors, respondents agreed with the importance of room temperature (244, 77.2%), patient resting > 15 minutes before measurement (208, 65.8%), stable TcPO 2 value ⩾ 20 minutes (180,


The role of religion in Catholic England the religious policies of Tudor governments becoming a Protestant people varieties of Protestantism religion and popular culture in Protestant England.


CHEMICAL fertiliser accounts for a substantial past of sugarcane production costs in Thailand, where most cane growers lack basic lmowledge regarding the use of festilisers. A computer program, CaneFest 1.0, is being developed to accurately determine recommendations for the application of N, P and K using the properties of the soils under sugarcane production throughout Thailand. The project includes: sugarcane soil identification using soil series maps; field surveys to confirm the identification; determination of nutrient requirements; cane growth simulation using CANEGRO 3.5 to determine the effect of water and nitrogen; econolnic analyses of chemical festiliser recommendations and validation trials to confirm the recommendations generated by CaneFert 1.0. The resulting software allows users to identify the site by pointing an asrow on a map displayed on the computer screen. The farin's location, soil series, soil chemical properties, N-P-K requirements, and the amount and method of chemical fertiliser application are also generated. It is anticipated that sugar mills, sugarcane grower associations, government agencies, agronoinists, and extension worl


The utility model relates to a full automatic speed limit and drop prevention device, which can be used for various vertical shafts for preventing cages from dropping. The full automatic speed limit and drop prevention device belongs to the technical field of vertical shaft safety equipment. The utility model is composed of a start-up part, a connecting rod brake part, a self-locking part, a speed limit part, a buffering part, a recoil rope, etc., wherein the start-up part is provided with a spring, a support rod and a lifting rod; the brake part is provided with a brake iron block, a primary connecting rod and an auxiliary connecting rod; the self-locking part is provided with a support rod, a spring and a banking screw; the speed limit part is provided with a pulley, an eccentric wheel, a support rod and a support frame; the buffering part is provided with an oil cylinder. The utility model has the advantages of multifunction, flexible action and large safety coefficient, and always has a mechanism which can play the role of drop prevention in any situation.


Stochastic analysis of nonlinear functionals of Lévy processes (including Brownian motion and Poisson process) have been studied in literature and found many applications. When the Lévy process is simply the Brownian motion, there are enormous amount of research work. As one of the most elementary nonlinear functionals the multiple Wiener-Itô integrals play a very important role. They appeared in many places such as Malliavin calculus, applications to signal processing and so on. See [1, 4, 7, 9, 10] and references therein for a glimpse of the relevant work. See also the references in [3] for some further references although this work is an extension of multiple integrals for Brownian motion to those of fractional Brownian motions. This type of extension keeps the critical Gaussian property. The extension from Brownian motion to general Lévy processes keeps the independent increment property. This property makes thing simple in some aspects but it makes thing more complex in some other aspects. The product of two or more multiple Wiener-Itô integrals of general Lévy process is one of the things which is more complex. Although such a formula is fundamental it seems that it is still missingfor general Lévy process. The reason for this may be the fact that the Itô formula for general Lévy process is much more complicated than the corresponding formula for Brownian motion. It is difficult to find the pattern when one repeatedly applies the Itô formula. The simplest class of Lévy process after Brownian motion may be the Poisson processes. There are some relatively more thorough work for the stochastic analysis of nonlinear functionals of Poisson process (see e.g. [5] for a reference). However, even for multiple integrals of Poisson process we could not find the product formula (However, we notice that in the context of quantum probability, it proposed a definition of Poisson product in [6], analogous to the Wiener product). This motivates us to obtain the product formula explicitly. As mentioned earlier it seems too sophisticated to obtain the product formula by repeatedly using the Itô formula since after certain iteration of the Itô formula one gets lost about terms obtained. We were not be able to find the pattern from these terms to establish a formula (by


When the toroidal current flows along a multiply connected region as the inside of a toroidal vessel used like a tokamak, the magnetic flux enclosed by this current loop is possibly kept constant while it may be lost in time and become unstable for the case of a spheromak whose current exists in a singly connected region. By the same kind of topological consideration, the constancy of a closed line integral of momentum, Bohr condition in quantum theory suggests to us that this contour exists in some multiply connected region. For special cases, Bohr condition reduces to interference condition of light.


This paper presents a two-country dynamic perfect foresight Ricardian model with wealth effects to study the relationship between government spending financed by alternative taxation, the terms of trade and welfare. An increase in domestic government spending financed by a distortionary capital income tax leads the real exchange rate initially to appreciate (a pure demand effect). But along the transitional path an intertemporal terms of trade effect (a supply side effect) operates and the real exchange rate depreciates to a steady state value ultimately higher relative to the initial equilibrium. The welfare of the domestic resident increases due to a reversed immiserizing growth effect.


Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in conjunction with molecular beam epitaxy has been used to investigate InAs islands and wetting layers on GaAs(001) substrates. STM results reveal that the size, density and shape of InAs islands strongly depend on the growth temperature of InAs. With increasing the growth temperature, the island density decreases, the size increases, and the shape becomes round rather than elliptical. In the photoluminescence (PL) results, a PL peak shift is observed with increasing InAs growth temperature. This shift agrees with the STM observation that larger islands are grown at higher growth temperatures. The change in the size and density of islands can be explained in terms of a critical nucleus in heterogeneous nucleation. These results indicate that controlling the growth temperature makes it possible to control the size, density and shape of InAs islands.


type="main" xml:id="ecin12104-abs-0001"> This paper empirically analyzes airline pricing for short-haul flights in contexts with no credible threat of inter-modal competition. To this end, we explore the southern Italian market since it is less accessible by other transport modes and thus fares are the direct outcome of air-related competition. We show, in fact, that market power matters, depending on the level of intra-modal competition, and that airlines apply differentiated mark-ups. Besides, consistent with the implementation of inter-temporal price discrimination (IPD), we find a non-monotonic inter-temporal profile of fares with a turning point included in the interval of the 43rd to 45th days before departure. Finally, we provide evidence that in more competitive markets, airlines are more likely to engage in IPD. (JEL L11, L13, L93)


As the building industry is a significant contributor to Australia's economy, understanding the impact of Industry 4.0 on this sector is crucial for its continued growth and competitiveness. This creates a need to explore the interdependencies between the implementation of an industrial and digitally enabled building industry and business model and value chain innovation to shape a digitally mediated platform ecosystem configuration. As the building industry faces challenges in adopting manufacturing techniques and technologies, the paper examines significant yet understudied implications of Industry 4.0 along industrial value chains. This study aims to understand how the building industry in Australia can adapt to the shift towards industrialised-digitalisation by exploring the opportunities for innovation in business models and value chains. The research approach will draw on a literature review, and a series of workshops in four Australian cities to understand perspectives determining business model innovation. Examining integration, servitization, and expertization the paper illuminates the impact of digital connectivity, information exchange, and design value on the industry. The paper's framework focuses on assessing dynamic capabilities (sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring) and the ecosystem lifecycle (birth, expansion, leadership, self-renewal) to comprehend business model innovation in the Australian construction ecosystem. It also uncovers how diverse stakeholders, including developers, contractors, consultants, supply chain actors, and digital platform owners, create value and progress through these phases. Identifying prospects in offsite manufacturing, standardization, technological advances, and value chain integration allows developers, clients, and contractors to enhance efficiency and results. Consultants can utilize their design value and project management know-how to promote cooperation among stakeholders. Additionally, digital platform proprietors can access multi-sided marketplaces for direct communication and efficient procedures. Ultimately, implementing these insights assists industry participants in adapting to changing market dynamics, encouraging innovation, and bolstering the competitiveness of the Australian construction industry.


RT @ACLU: Additionally, the prisoners were subjected to near-drowning and relentless physical assault, deprived of food and sleep, forced i…


Accurate prediction of severe local storms continues to pose a major challenge to operational forecasters. Therefore, any tools or techniques that aid a forecaster's situational awareness with respect to convective scale organization and evolution are highly sought after. The advancement in computer resources over the last decade has enabled numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to run at progressively higher resolutions over increasingly large domains with the goal of explicitly representing convective scale processes. Several high resolution modeling studies (e.g. Fowle and Roebber 2003; Done et al. 2004; Weisman et al. 2008; Kain et al. 2008a; Schwartz et al. 2008) have shown skill in predicting the initiation and organizational mode of convective systems. With the recent success of these convection-allowing model forecasts, several deterministic, high resolution convectionallowing models are now run on a routine basis. Many of the models are run on a daily or twice daily basis at the United States National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Environmental Modeling Center, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), and various universities. While the benefit of these high resolution deterministic forecasts has been discussed in many studies, these models are unable to provide uncertainty information, which is extremely useful to operational forecasters during high impact convective weather situations. To address these uncertainty issues, a real-time storm-scale ensemble forecasting system (SSEF) was developed as part of the NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) Spring Experiment beginning in 2007 and continuing through 2010. (Xue et al. 2007, 2008, 2009; Kong et al. 2007, 2008, 2009).


The authors have already reported that solvent refined coal (SRC) promotes the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds in tetralin. Further investigation has revealed that SRC not only donates its inherent hydrogen but mediates the hydrogen transfer from tetralin to the diarylmethane. The structural analysis of SRC was monitored, and some imino linkages in SRC were suggested to be the possible moiety shuttling hydrogen. This paper is intended to clarify the action mechanism of SRC in hydrogen transfer reactions and presents the SRC-mimetic hydrogenolysis of the diarylmethane. The authors show that SRC and phenanthridine are effective hydrogen shuttlers. The effectiveness of phenanthridine can be ascribed to its facile hydrogen shuttling ability and higher stability under the reaction conditions.


There is no family and no person planning to have a child, who can morally ignore the new genetic discoveries and techniques of preventing genetic disease. Your health and that of your future children are at stake here. We all have a right, and indeed an obligation to know about our particular genes, and to consider the options available that enable us to have healthy children. We should all have the freedom to exercise these options as we wish and as rationally as we are able. (p. 2)


SRIJANA GHIMIRE: In vitro and Mechanical Properties of BioactiveGlass/polymer Composites Tampere University of Technology Master of Science Thesis, 59 pages June 2016 Master's Degree Programme in Biomedical Engineering Major: Biomaterials Examiner: Dr. Jonathan Massera (Docent, Assistant Professor, Academy research fellow) and Professor Minna Kellomäki


Blood samples from four groups of albino rats with four rats per group were analyzed for aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin secretions. The analysis was carried out in two phases; phase 1 and phase 2. In phase one, which is the zero analysis, the weights of the animals were taken and the blood samples were collected through the nostril after an ocular puncture to analyse for AST and Bilirubin secretions. In phase 2, group A, B, and C were administered 500 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg of G.latifolia leaf extract while the control (group D) were administered only tragacant solution. After three weeks of administration, their blood samples were collected using the same method to monitor the effects of the extract on both AST and bilirubin secretions. The results showed that there was a 25 % increase in weights of the rats and a decrease in the values of AST and bilirubin secretions in the rats except in the control that were not administered the extract. This means that G. latifolia leaf extract may have healing effects on the liver.


Orthopantomography (OPG), which is also known as panoramic radiography, pantomography, and panoramic imaging, proved its efficacy in infection, trauma, jaw lesions, tumor cases, etc. Calcification of the soft tissues in perimaxillary and perimandibular regions can also be visualized on OPG images. Reports clearly
showed sialolith occurrence in the parotid gland in 10%, in submandibular gland in 83%, and in sublingual and minor salivary glands in 7%. Typically, sialoliths are visualized on the panoramic radiographs as radiopaque lesions. They are of round or oval shape, cylindrical or irregularly-shaped calcifications. Only in limited cases, sialoliths can be X-ray negative. The research data shows – from 10 to 20% the salivary stones are radiolucent.
Digital OPG combines a lot of advantages. In summary, digital orthopantomography proved its efficacy in diagnostics of sialoliths located in the submandibular gland and its duct. Simultaneously, OPG is more than useful for diagnosis establishment and control of treatment for neighboring specialties.


The Market as It Really Is The Basics Picking Winning Stocks Wringing Every Penny of Profit Out of Every Opportunity Managing Your Portfolio Conclusion Appendix Glossary Index Contacting the Author


legitimising redistributive policies at home, maintaining the country's role as the world's preeminent swing producer and supplier is key. This pragmatic calculation of interest is joined in some cases by more ideational influences stemming from particular historical contexts – as with Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Israel and the UK. Cultural familiarity or lack thereof is part of this ideational frame — as is clear in the case of China especially. Decision-making characteristics, however, limit the extent to which these broad themes are translated into consistent strategy on key issues. Writing just as Salman became King, the author suggests that the lack of coordination and follow-up that characterized much of the preceding years was unlikely to change drastically, noting that even though closer coordination might happen on some issues under Mohammed bin Nayif and Mohammed bin Salman, "foreign policy appraisal and reappraisal cannot be properly conducted by two men and, in practice, is likely to remain informal and sporadic." (p. 375). So while this reviewer might disagree with the unqualified conclusion that Saudi foreign relations remain merely a matter of management rather than strategy (p. 376), it seems undeniable that broad strategic intentions have been less than efficiently served either by the lack of systematic coordination and follow-up, or by the occasional outbursts of at times ill-thought-through and counterproductive "action" — as in the announcement of a Gulf Union, the outlawing of the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organization, or the military entry into the Yemeni quagmire.


The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the HPV vaccination for boys and girls starting at age 11, yet adoption rates are low. We use eight focus groups to explore the decision making process, experiences, and social influences, including media and sex education classes, shaping attitudes of male and female college students. We find many students who have misinformation or no knowledge of the vaccination yet are eager to learn more. Due to youths' range of knowledge about the vaccination and varied preparedness for making their own medical decisions, practitioners are in a challenging position to inform and encourage responsible decision making without appearing coercive.


An algorithm for quickly training the BP neural network system identifier (BPNNSI) of the chaotic optical systems is presented in this paper. The ability of this algorithm, termed as the chaos speedup BP algorithm (CSBPA), has been demonstrated with the computer simulation of identifying the Bragg diffraction acousto-optic system (BDAOS) in which a 1:4:1 BP network was employed in identification. Taking the normalized output time series of the BDAOS as the training series, the BPNNSI was trained with the CSBPA as follows: (1) trained the BPNNSI to learn a chaotic state of the BDAOS with the BP algorithm where the initial weight distribution was set randomly; (2) took the final weight distribution obtained in (1) as the initial weight distribution for the other states of the BDAOS to be identified; (3) trained the BPNNSI to learn the other states still with the BP algorithm but with the initial weight distribution obtained in (2).


There is hardly a nervous function without direct or indirect influence on pupillary reactions. To mention only a few of the important pupillary abnormalities, a dilated pupil might be a sign of Adie's syndrome or peripheral third nerve injury, constriction might signify syphilis, and papillary irregularity might be due to ocular trauma or previous iritis.


Lap joints are commonly used in civil infrastructure and mechanical assembly structures. Detecting the connection status of bolts, particularly in the early stages of use, is critical for ensuring structural integrity. A shear horizontal (SH) guided wave-based bolt looseness detection method, excited by a magnetostrictive patch transducer (MPT), is presented in this paper. A normalised bolt-looseness index IBLnor was proposed based on the wave energy transmission theory by analysing the signals received at the transducer for the transmitted wave passing through the actual contact area and the transducer for the direct incoming wave. Numerical and experimental studies were conducted on a lap joint with four bolts. The relationship between the IBLnor and bolt loads was obtained, verifying the effectiveness of this method for detecting the extent of the bolt looseness under various bolt tightness states. The results also show that SH0 waves, excited by an MPT, have better detection capability than Lamb waves, when the surface of the lap joint is subjected to liquid medium such as water and professional paint for bridges.


The tristeza (CTV) tolerance of 45 citrus types, including trifoliate orange, mandarin, sweet orange, sour orange, shaddock, grapefruit, rough lemon and others was evaluated after graft-inoculation of CTV to their seedlings and to budded plants of sweet orange grafted onto them. Evaluation was made for stem pitting, yellowing, stunting or dwarfting of the seedlings and the tristeza reaction of budlings. CTV replication in seedlings was also examined by ELISA. No stem pitting or abnormal growth was observed in the four types of trifoliate orange or of sweet orange budded to them. Only one of the 16 seedlings inoculated showed a positive ELISA reaction. Sweet orange grafted onto Dao-xian-ye-jumandarin showed a tristezadeclinereaction. However, no tristezareaction was observed for the other 11 varieties of mandarin, for the 12 varieties of sweet orange, the two varieties of Chengzi, or the three varieties of rough lemon and Limeng. Of the six varieties of sour orange (including its hybrid Gou-tou-cheng), three showed a tristeza reaction, whereas no symptoms were observed in the other three varieties (Gou-tou-cheng, Xiao-hong-cheng and Zhu-luan). Grapefruit and shaddock varietiesshowedthemaximumsusceptibility totristezawheninoculatedeither asseedlings or asrootstocks. Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is widely distributed in China (l,3). However, since the rootstocks which are commonly used are tolerant or immune, tristeza decline is not generally apparent. Because of the concern for the appearence of severe isolates of CTV, studies were proposed to determine the pathogenicity of different CTV isolates present in China, their cross protective effects and CTV tolerance of different citrus varieties. In this experiment, a group of citrus cultivars and rootstocks which are important in China, some non-cultivated varieties found in the Chinese mountains and some cultivars imported from abroad were evaluated for their tolerance to CTV by inoculation of seedlings or budded plants of sweet orange on these seedlings as a rootstock. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seeds of 45 citrus varieties were obtained from the National Citrus Genetic Resources Collection at Chongqing. These included four selections of trifoliate, 12 of mandarin, two of Chengzi, 12 of sweet orange, two of rough lemon, one of Limeng, five of shaddock, two of grapefruit and its hybrid, and six of sour orange and its hybrids. Seeds were sown in February, 1988 and seedlings transplanted singly in clay pots 23 x 24 cm. The soil mix was 113 common soil, 113 natural forest topsoil and 113 waste of earthworms. Sixteen potted seedlings of each variety were divided into two groups of eight. The first group was tested as seedlings and the second group was tested as arootstock grafted with a sweet orange scion in April of 1990. Four plants of each seedling group were graft-inoculated with two pieces of CTV-infected stem bark in November, 1989. The other four plants were grafted with stem bark from noninfected sweet orange seedlings and kept as controls. The budling group was inoculated in the same way in April, 1990. All plants were held in a screenhouse and given the same fertilizer, irrigation and pruning treatments. The screenhouse was located in Beibei, Chongqing. The local mean temperatures ranged from 7.4 C in January to 28.5 C in July, with an annual mean of 18.3 C. The CTV isolate TR-L514 used in the above inoculation, was obtained by aphid transmission and kept in a Xinhuicheng (sweet orange) seedling as the inoculum source in the screenhouse. This sweet orange seedling did not show stem pitting, but when TR-L514 was graft-inoculated to grapefruit seedlings, a seedling yellows response was observed.


The structural integrity of the pool door for the research reactor is analyzed by using the finite element model. The pool door should withstand the external loads and maintain its structural integrity during the seismic event. The modal analysis and seismic analysis are carried out to evaluate the structural integrity. Fluid-structure interaction is also considered to reflect hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads because the pool door is installed in water. Different dimension and boundary conditions for the pool door are used in these analyses.


A 2022 white paper released by the state of North Carolina recommends a public health approach to reducing firearm injury and death. This commentary describes the impetus, rationale, process, and context for releasing the white paper and identifies progress and next steps in this effort.


A recently installed polarized electron source will allow internal target experiments to be performed with polarized electrons at the NIKHEF Internal Target Hall, lb measure the longitudinal component of the polarization vector of the stored electron beam, a Polarimeter based on spin-dependent Compton scattering has been developed and successfully commissioned


It was performed a Time of Flight (TOF) study for the plume produced by laser ablation of cooper by 355 nm, 23 ns duration laser pulses, in vacuum. The plume sensor was made of a piezoelectric PVDF film associated with a pair of electrodes. By varying the electrodes polarization we evaluated the fraction of neutral atoms, which ranged from 8 to 30 % of the plume. By adjusting a TOF function to the PVDF electric signal we obtained the center of mass velocity and the translational temperature. It was observed that product vCM × Tz remains constant with the electrodes potential and that the accelerating potential to which the plume is submitted has practical limits.


1 1and gratifi cations theory provides an analytical framework for explaining consumer motivations for media usage. In this study, uses and gratifi cations theory was used to compare the motivations for using magazines and the Internet among women's magazine readers in South Africa. By focusing on the usage of the two media, the study aimed to provide a lens through which women's magazine publishers could view opportunities for online publishing. A web- based survey instrument was used to collect data. A factor analysis of this data identifi ed seven gratifi cation factors for Internet usage and six gratifi cation factors for magazine usage. The fi ndings also revealed that magazine usage provided superior gratifi cation on more dimensions of gratifi cation factors than Internet usage.


Xiangyou 13,Zhongyou 821 and Xiangyou 14 were used as experimental materials to study the relationship between the activities of several enzymes and the oil,protein and yield of rapeseeds (Brassica napus).The results are as follows:the high yield variety has high sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities in pericarps and high sucrose synthase (SS) activities in grains;the high oil content variety has high chlorophyll contents and high phosphatidate phosphatse activities but low glutamine synthetase (GS) activities in grains;the high protein content variety has high non protein N contents and high GS activities in plants. For the breeding of high yield and higt quality rapeseed,high SS,GS and phosphatidate phosphatase activities in grains might be considered as biochemical characters of selection.


We construct electrically charged AdS5 black hole solutions whose charge, mass and boost-parameters vary slowly with the space-time coordinates. From the perspective of the dual theory, these are equivalent to hydrodynamic configurations with varying chemical potential, temperature and velocity fields. We compute the boundary theory transport coefficients associated with a derivative expansion of the energy momentum tensor and R-charge current up to second order. In particular, for the current we find a first order transport coefficient associated with the vorticity of the fluid.


The objective of the present paper is to provide the experimental data for the study of solidification of phase change material (PCM) in the cylindrical container. The pure water was considered as a PCM, copper was chosen for the cylindrical container and the liquid nitrogen was taken as the cooling fluid. The experiments were done for different sizes of cylindrical cavities, whose dimensions were 20×20, 20×30, 30×30, 30×40 and 40 × 40 (diameter in mm× height in mm). The PCM was taken initially at room temperature for all the cavities. The temperature variation is presented at different time steps during the solidification of PCM. The result shows that the convection from the atmosphere has a significant effect on upper surface. As the diameter of the cavity changes, for the same height, then notable change in solidification time is observed while as the height is changed, for the same internal diameter, the change in solidification time is observed to be less significant.


Crystalline peptide Ni(ii)-macrocycles (BF4(-) salt) exhibited moderate CO2 gas adsorption (ca. 6-7 CO2 molecules per macrocycle) into very narrow cavities (narrowest part <2 Å), accompanied by the expansion of the cavities. The BF4(-) salt demonstrated selective uptake of CO2 gas in preference to CH4 and N2 gases.


In this paper, we analyze the impact of junction (Xj) scaling and channel (Leff) scaling on hot carrier reliability of flash memory devices with the help of a newly developed charge pumping technique. Scaling of both X j and Leff has been identified to seriously enhance the effects of GIDL-induced damage, and reduce the operating cycles of Flash EPROM devices.


The present invention relates to a varnish impregnated slot means in the mounting opening radially inward of the stator core of the stator coil impregnating varnish can be impregnated with the varnish to the stator coil to be efficiently and effectively attached to the stator core of a stator coil heating the stator, and the stator can be prevented from adhering to the varnish, the varnish impregnation apparatus comprising: a support mechanism, which is mounted in the outer diameter side of the stator core with a stator the stator coil and the stator so that the grasping axial direction of the stator state of the horizontal support of the stator, the support mechanism is rotationally driven by rotation means, so that the stator rotation; varnish dropping means toward the coil ends of the stator supported by the support mechanism described above and rotating dropping varnish; and; the stator inner diameter side heating means disposed in the hollow portion formed in the axial center of the stator core of the stator supported by the support means is heated from the inner diameter side of the stator the stator.


N-Methylation of histone lysine residues is an "epigenetic modification" that can be either transcriptionally activating or deactivating, depending on the position of the lysine, its methylation state and the presence of other modifications. The largest family of demethylases, the JmjC enzymes, employ 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) as a cosubstrate (Figure 1a). 3] Some JmjC demethylases are targeted for cancer treatment and inflammatory diseases. There are 5 JmjC demethylase subfamilies, targeting histone lysines (H3K = histone 3 lysine-residue) including at H3K4, H3K9, H3K27, and H3K36 (Figure 1b). The factors determining JmjC selectivities are emerging, and involve both catalytic and non-catalytic domains. Although there are reports of JmjC inhibitors, to date there are no reported compounds that are selective for subfamilies/isoforms. Here we report that a strategy involving binding to both the 2OG and substrate binding sites leads to selective and potent inhibitors of the JMJD2 subfamily. There are predicted to be four human JMJD2 enzymes (A to D) and a "pseudogene" product JMJD2E. JMJD2A–C accept both H3K9me3/me2 and H3K36me3/me2, whereas JMJD2D–E only accept H3K9me3/me2. Most, if not all, reported JmjC inhibitors are 2OG analogues with limited or undetermined selectivity, and with the exception of some peptide-based inhibitors, have not, at least rationally, exploited the histone binding pocket. 21] We reasoned that "two-component inhibitors" that bind to 2OG and histone


A shopping cart handle includes a housing having a display, electronic circuitry in the housing for generating images on the display, and first and second grip portions each having a flared proximal end connected to the housing and a distal end. The display optionally includes a electronic interface that may be covered by a selectively releasable cover to protect the interface.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is creating a world where physical objects are seamlessly integrated to provide advanced and intelligent services for human beings in their day-to-day life style. The realization of complex applications comes from the collaboration of groups of objects; in such a network, objects seek other devices that can provide the services they need for the implementation of the applications they are taking part to. Before exploiting the found services, it is important to evaluate to which extent the potential service providers are trustable. In the resulting trustworthiness management model, an important role is taken by the feedback generated by the consumers of the service. In this paper, we focus on the challenge of generating consistent feedback for the trust evaluation in the exchange of services in IoT. We start by discussing how the concept of feedback has been exploited so far in trust management systems; then, we analyze the different aspects of the feedback so that it results to be a multi-dimensional concept.


The problem of formal verification of programs is considered. The aim of the work is to formalize the methods of analysis of programs including parallel programs to automate their verification. The mathematical apparatus of the theory of Petri nets with additional semantic relations is used for verification. The statements of simulation, rules of equivalent transformations of Petri nets are formulated. The most common errors in programs as far as the methods of their detection and ways of their correction are presented.


A Pt single crystal of cylindrical shape (axis II [001]) whose surface exhibits all orientations of the [001] zone has been used to study coupling effects between orientations which exhibit kinetic oscillations in catalytic CO oxidation. On the clean surface, one can distinguish between an orientational range in between (110) and (320) which exhibits a 1×2 reconstruction, a nonreconstructed surface range around (210) and a hex reconstructed surface range around (100). Structural transitions proceed continuously via atomic steps between (110) and (210), while the orientational range extending from (210) to (100) is faceted. With a rotatable Kelvin probe, the orientational dependence of the work function could be followed. The results revealed that the variation of the oxygen sticking coefficient sO2 displays a mirror‐like behavior with respect to the work function variation of the clean surface such that the orientation with the lowest work function (210) exhibits the highest sO2. Kinetic oscillations were...


CW fiber laser at the wavelength 1270nm was demonstrated. The laser was based on germanophosphosilicate fiber doped with Bi. The output power of the laser was up to 7W with the optical-to-optical efficiency of 35%.


With the development of network, location-based service architecture is gradually applied to the learning support service system. The purpose of this study is to develop an online learning support system using allocation information service architecture. In this study, the 2019 year of this study was selected as a research material through an online learning support service system within six months. The system architecture of this study is the Browser/Server architecture. Based on this, we analyze the learning result data using the weight setting of the feature attribute and the learning evaluation algorithm. The results show that the improved algorithm based on location-based service architecture can get the best algorithm accuracy when the weight of the whole algorithm is about α = 0.4. For the degree of demand for learning guidance, 16.2% thought it was absolutely necessary and 50.7% thought it was more necessary. And 70.6% of the learners thought that the learning system was not very accurate or generally accurate. It is concluded that the learning support service system of this study has a certain role. It provides a new path to improve the quality of online education learning support service and promotes the development of online education.


Purpose – This paper aims to summarize the new rules requiring broker-dealers with customer accounts to search for lost securityholders. Design/methodology/approach – The paper explains the requirement under SEC Rule 17Ad-17, beginning January 23, 2014, for any broker-dealer with customer security accounts to conduct database searches if the broker-dealer receives returned undeliverable correspondence from a securityholder; explains the requirement for any paying agent (including issuers, transfer agents, brokers, dealers, investments advisers, trustees, custodians, etc.) to send written notice to any securityholder to whom the paying agent has sent a check when the check has been uncashed for a period of 180 days. Findings – The new rules will impact more than a thousand entities in the US. Originality/value – The paper provides a practical explanation by experienced financial services lawyers.


This research is to determine the differences of student't drawing results using conventional learning media and video tutorial learning media. The population of this research were all students of class X of SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru totaling 261 works. The Sampling using cluster random sampling technique, obtained research samples namely class X MIA-1 as many as 36 students. For Class X MIA-1 was giving two stages of action, namely initial sampling with the teaching-learning process using conventional learning media. Then after that the second sample was taken with the teaching and learning process using video tutorial media. Data collection methods used include documentation, observation and test methods. This research is a quantitative research with quasi-experimental design. Based on the results of the study, the average value of the first test was 71.43 and the second test score was 82.74. The results of the average difference test show that the average of the second value is better than the first value. Based on the results of hypothesis testing with significance α = 0.5 with 70 dk obtained t table = 1.6669. So the hypothesis test results obtained t count 5.52> t table 1.66669. So Ha was accepted and rejected by H0 then the conclusion was that there was a significant difference in the work of drawing shapes with the learning media for Video Tutorials at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru.


The first confraternities of the Vera Cruz are established in the Kingdom of Navarra in second half of the XVIth century, in application of the arrangements of the Council of Trento. In these pages is described their form of organization and the principal assignments that accomplishes.


ABSTRACT Let be the Springer resolution of the nilpotent cone for a semisimple connected algebraic group G over ℂ and k be an arbitrary field. What happens to if the decomposition theorem fails for it? We show that in this case, some additional (with respect to the case char k=0) composition factors of this direct image in the (abelian) category of perverse sheaves may emerge. These factors emerge from the -composition factors of the radicals of certain intersection forms and from that of the top cohomologies of Springer fibres (in the non-semisimple case).


The utilization of nucleic acid extraction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as an alternative to the Parson's Special bioassay for routine indexing of cachexia was evaluated. Three field sources of citrus viroids and three greenhouse controls were graft inoculated on Arizona Etrog citron. Inoculated citrons were periodically analyzed by nucleic acid extraction and sequential gel electrophoresis. The citrus cachexia viroid (CCaV) was detected after 3 months in all the plants tested regardless of the source. Three electrophoresis systems were also compared. The proposed method combines the desirable characteristics of citron as an excellent host for viroid replication and the sensitivity of electrophoresis and silver staining for viroid detection. The method is now routinely used in the Citrus Sanitation Program in Spain. Index words. citrus cachexia viroid, citrus viroids, xyloporosis. Biological indexing for citrus cachexia is done by graft inoculation on Parson's Special mandarin on rough lemon rootstock. Inoculated indicators have to be incubated at warm temperatures (28-32 C) for 12-18 months for symptom expression (11). This has been shown to be the most sensitive bioassay for cachexia, and it is being used worldwide. However, this assay has several limitations: a) the long time required for symptom expression; b) high fuel expenses in some temperate zones to heat the greenhouses; c) erratic results even when several indicators and controls are included in each test (10); and d) possible interference with other citrus viroids (8). A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the usefulness of the nucleic acid extraction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) systems developed for viroid studies as an alternative to the Parson's bioassay. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viroid sources and inoculation. Six lots of Arizona Etrog citron 861-S1 on Rough lemon rootstock were graft inoculated with three field sources and three single viroid controls. The field sources were Canoneta sweet orange, Mineola tangelo and Marisol clementine. All had been biologically indexed for triesteza, psorosis A, concave gum, vein enation and exocortis. Canoneta sweet orange was found free of tristeza, psororis A and concave gum and positive for exocortis and vein enation; Mineola tangelo as free oftristeza, psorosis A and vein enation and positive for exocortis and concave gum; and Marisol clementine was free of tristeza and vein enation and positive for psorosis A, concave gum and exocortis. The single viroids used as positive controls were CV-IIb or citrus cachexia viroid (CCaV), CV-IIc which has been shown recently to be also a cachexia disease agent (18) and the related viroid CV-IIa. A set of uninoculated controls were also included. The assay was repeated twice. In one assay, the plants were inoculated in October and incubated under natural (short day) light conditions, and in the other assay the plants were inoculated in June and incubated under natural (long day) light conditions. In both cases the inoculated citrons were incubated in a warm greenhouse (28-32 C). In both assays, tissue samples from separate sets of plants were collected 1, 2, and 3 months after inoculation, for nucleic acid extraction and PAGE. In all instances the tissue was collected from two plants and processed separately. In some instances, nucleic acid preparations of tomatoes inoculated with PSTV and CSV (kindly provided by T. Candresse from IRNA, Bordeaux and J. Romero from INIA, Madrid) were used. Nucleic acid preparations of mixtures of CV-IIaICV-IIc were obtained from double inoculated


Cancer is one of the widest spread diseases in human society. Therefore, the need has grown to monitor, evaluate, and predict its development. Cancer registries address this problem by collecting data on cancer cases, striving for high quality, accuracy, and completeness. One of the basic challenges in this context is the linkage of data from multiple sources. In order to link new cancer records with existing ones, the cancer registries typically use an algorithm referred to as record linkage. Although the algorithm has automated a significant amount of the linking process, there still is a certain percentage of records that cannot be linked automatically. This study addresses the problem of reducing the need of manually matching records with machine learning methods. The particular challenge is caused by pseudonymization of the data. The main contribution is thus finding ways to encode the-pseudonymized-data, i.e., feature extraction so that it can be interpreted by a classifier. Three classifiers (neural network, support vector machines, decision tree) manage to achieve at least 93% classification rate on a dataset of 73 000 cancer records extracted from the inventory of a cancer registry. In addition, ensemble techniques boost the performance further to over 95%. We present an in-depth discussion of the experimental results from a perspective of applying the classification-based record linkage in real practice. Two scenarios of translating to practice will be outlined with a potential of reducing the human workload by an order of magnitude of hundreds of hours.


Results of a large randomized clinical trial indicate that in low-risk nulliparas, elective induction of labor (IOL) at 39 weeks lowers rates of cesarean delivery (CD) without significantly increasing adverse perinatal outcomes. Plus, more coverage from The Pregnancy Meeting.


Keywords: Economie et societe ; MTE ; Section IN ; Section GM ; Section GC Reference SHS-STUDENT-2008-218 Record created on 2008-07-07, modified on 2016-08-08


A study of 48 undergraduates indicated that participants low in cognitive complexity tend to be acquiescent and to have mothers whose childrearing attitudes indicated their rejection of the mothering role. Measures of the students' perceptions of their mothers' child-rearing practices did not increase the variance accounted for in cognitive complexity.


The many rich finds from Tel Abu-Shusha (Mishmar Ha-'emek) in the Jezreel Valley attest to its having been an important site in the Roman and Byzantine periods. The site is identified as Geva Philippi, a city with polis status. Based on several convincing finds, Zeev Safrai and Micha Lin also identified the site as Geva Parashim (Gaba), referred to by Josephus as the place where Herod settled his cavalry veterans; other scholars identify Geva Parashim as Khirbet Harithiya, near Sha'ar Ha-'Amakim. Despite the controversy over the identification of the site, the general consensus is that it was a city of gentiles. The discovery of a hillside refuge system exhibiting all the characteristics of a hiding complex therefore calls for reappraisal of the site and raises the question of why such a hiding complex should exist at a non-Jewish site. The main discussion therefore focuses not only on the identification of the site as Geva Parashim, but also on the unusual discovery of a hiding complex in a non-Jewish locality and the question of whether it was used in times of urgent need by Jews who lived in the non-Jewish city. The article addresses all these aspects and offers solutions.


This paper proposes two Strong Designated Verifier Signature SDVS schemes based on two post-quantum key agreement protocols. One protocol is based on a problem about an isogeny between supersingular elliptic curves. The problem is hypothetically strong against a quantum computer. Another protocol is based on the computational difficulty to solve multivariate algebraic equations of high degree. Our proposals are the first instantiations of a basic design idea about SDVS that are potentially secure against a quantum computer.


Objective: To study the factors and preventive method of post operative complications of spinal implant operation. Methods: The post operative complication of 451 cases who had undergone spinal implant operation were analysed retrospectively. The relative factors of complications were analyzed. Results: Infection, thrombosis of deep vein and failed fusion were the most common complications. Among the factors, the age, operation time and blood lose during operation were closely related with the complication. Using antibiotic was effective to reduce the infection. Conclusion: It is effective to reduce the post operative complication of spinal implant operation by proper pre operative evaluation. Using antibiotic to control other diseases is also effective.


An Electric Load Controller is a tool to make easier an implementation of repeated activities such as to turn on and turn off the electric load by using a hand phone as a controller. The controller aims to take into account problems related to control systems and to design a control system that can be implemented in the house hold in case of turning on and off electric loads. A user may turn on and off electric loads from a remote place easily. The design of control, microcontroller, relay, load and rectifier are applied on this research. Furthermore, a hand phone is used for the missed call feature and IC AT89S52 is used on the microcontroller design through BASCOM 8051 programming so as to make missed call feature can be transmitted to a destination number without manually turning off and on electrical devices at home.


The cell-wall structure and the supramolecular organization of the plasma membrane in 29 species of red algae were studied both in replicas of rapidly frozen cells and in ultrathin sections. Most of the marine red algae investigated have a random distribution of the microfibrils of the cell walls; in a few cases there is a tendency to parallel alignment. Laurencia obtusa is an exception in which apart from a random distribution, microfibrils are arranged parallelly in a certain wall layer. The microfibrils have a cylindric or ribbon-like morphology. In a number of species, microfibrils consist of two, three or four linear subcomponents (sub-fibrils). In certain speciestwo or three microfibrils can be bundled


In this paper we investigated a SIR epidemic model in which education campaign and treatment are both important for the disease management. Optimal control theory was used on the system of differential equations to achieve the goal of minimizing the infected population and slow down the epidemic outbreak. Stability analysis of the disease free equilibrium of the system was completed. Numerical results with education campaign levels and treatment rates
as controls are illustrated.


The load cell has an electromechanical transducer built into the measuring platform. The cell comprises a radial mounting flange (10) in a region of at least one axial end. The flange has a dia. (D1) bigger than that (D2) of the flange at the other end. Upon connection of signal lines (7) it is possible to insert the transducer in the mounting hole of the base plate (1) of the platform and secure with screws, soldering or adhesion. The transducer with the signal lines (7) becomes an integral part of the base plate (1) and is fully sealed against external influences. The cavities of the base plate can be filled with the hardened resins to obtain further protection against mechanical vibrations and corrosion while providing increased rigidity of the measuring platform.


Background Efforts to improve oral health in the elderly group should get special attention from health workers or dentist. This is attributed to its effect on the general health status of the elderly. Education program on oral health has never been given to the elderly in both rural posyandu Kalisat and Glagahwero. Routine activities posyandu elderly in every month is just a general medical examination, and even then only checks weight, height and blood pressure . Therefore, it needs to be disseminated to the elderly about the importance of oral health. The method is performed in the form of counseling and oral health training includes DHE , the way the card charging status and a simple examination abnormalities in the oral cavity. To find out about the elderly knowledge of oral health , it can be seen from the pre-test and post-test questions were given. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results obtained based on the assessment of pretest and posttest showed pretest to 23 elderly and 24 elderly Kalisat Glagahwero is above 50 while the posttest values increased despite no one gets a value of 100. The conclusion of this activity is the oral health programs could broaden the elderly as well as help reduce morbidity in elderly dental pukesmas Kalisat in the working area.


Background: The presence of CA (esp. hypodiploidy and del13) defines a "malignant" myeloma entity with a very poor prognosis. Gene expression profiling (GEP) studies in 351 patients receiving Total Therapy 2 (TT2) identified overexpression of CKS1B mapping to 1q21 as an adverse feature for EFS and OS (Shaughnessy et al., ASH 2004). The aim of this study was to determine whether more readily applicable FISH detection of amp1q21, available in 476 patients, had independent and potentially equally important prognostic implications as CA and GEP-based CKS1B expression levels. Patients and Methods: The details of the development of the amp1q21 index are contained in (Shaughnessy et al, submitted, Nature Medicine). The amp1q21 index is a weighted average of the proportions of cells with 3 and >3 copies of the CKS1B gene, ranging from 0 through 100. The risk of event and death increases as the amp1q21 index increases; for simplicity in reporting this relationship, patients tumor cells exhibited diploid, triploid, and > triploid using cut points selected to maximize the overall difference in OS between these three groups. Results: Of 668 patients enrolled in TT2, 476 had FISH data, with no amp1q21 in 58%, trisomy in 31% and > trisomy in 11%. With median follow-up 3 years, 187 had an event and 131 died. Median EFS was 63 mo with an estimated 59% OS at 72 mo. Three-year estimates of EFS and OS progressively decreased with 1q21 amplification level: from 80%/89% with no amp1q21 to 48%/69% with trisomy to 43%/54% with at > trisomy (p trisomy of 1q21 retained independent adverse implications for both EFS (HR 2.08, p trisomyy (p = trisomy (p Conclusion: A gene dose-dependent adverse effect on both EFS and OS was observed for amp1q21. The 2/3 of patients without CA (and historically exhibiting much better prognosis than those with CA) could be separated into 3 distinct subgroups based on level of amp1q21. Conversely, among patients with CA, absence of amp1q21 implied EFS and OS levels similar to those without CA but with trisomy. Finally, CR was critical to overcoming the negative consequences of amp1q21. Collectively, our data strongly support the routine application of FISH for amp1q21 analysis in clinical trials of MM.


Feminism has no unanimous acceptance in Africa, so women who are associated with it are regarded as deviants or radicals who have chosen to kick against the norms and traditions of traditional Africa. This study explores the plight of suppression and exploitation experienced by women and also revealed the dangerous and difficult situations that often reduce women to mental wrecks. Njabulo Ndebele's The Cry of Winnie Mandela is the focus of this essay, as the novel accounts for the entrapment and subjugation of women caused by traditional laws and customs, as well as their determined effort to survive in a patriarchal culture. Njabulo examined the lives of five South African women in post-apartheid South Africa, who had to wait indefinitely for their absent husbands. This essay attempts to create awareness of the need for societal reforms in order to improve the lot of women in patriarchal societies and encourage cooperation between women in order to stand up to the challenges of life and assert their individual worth and value, as espoused in the novel. This study concludes that the subjugation of women by patriarchal societies is to the detriment of the family and society at large. Thus, there is a need to re-evaluate and redefine gender roles in African societies in order to establish mutual understanding and relationships between the genders.


Cluster-based case-control design refers to a design where the sampling unit is a cluster and the sampling probability depends on the responses from individuals within the cluster. Data from a cluster-based case-control design arise in many prac tical applications. For example, in some epidemiologic genetic studies, due to the low prevalence of the disease of interest, families with more members having the disease are sampled with a higher probability. Current approaches for analyzing this type of data rely mainly on parametrically modeling the joint distribution of the responses within a cluster. In this paper, we develop a marginal approach to analyze data from cluster-based case control studies when the main interest is the mean structure of the association between exposures and outcomes and the correlation within cluster is considered nuisance. We specify a marginal regression model for an individual response given covariates and leave the correlation within the cluster unspecified. We establish the statistical properties for the proposed estimator and investigate its finite sample performance through simulation studies. We apply the proposed method to a data set from the Baltimore Eye Survey.


Component Based Software Engineering is a traditional methodology that has significant advantages: reduction of production cost, code reuse, code portability, fast time to market, systematic approach to system construction and guided system design by formalization and domain specific modelling languages. This methodology is used in frameworks for enterprise systems, user interfaces, Web applications, embedded systems for Industrial Cyber Physical Productions Systems (ICPPS) and Industrial Internet of Thing's (IIoT). In this work, we surveyed component model solutions and literature applied to Industrial Cyber Physical Systems (ICPS). By conducting a reproducible systematic mapping study, we search and select results of interest. Research Questions (RQs) are formulated and addressed by applying classification schemes to the results. Finally, the classification results allow us to come up with a state-of-the art in this domain and to draw some conclusions about design considerations and research trends. Keywords–Component Based Software Engineering; Component Models; Embedded Systems; Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems.


In order to obtain a basic information of plant cell suspension culture as a step toward the development of large scale culture, culture conditions of crown gall cells (auxin non-requiring cells) were investigated. Addition of yeast extract to culture medium was significantly effective for the growth and cell dispersion.In experiments on the ability of the cultured cells to utilize sugars as the carbon source, it was observed that galactose, added to the culture medium, markedly inhibited the cell growth.Pasteurization of the medium containing fructose as carbon source made it brownish by Maillard reaction and the medium apparently restrained the cell growth. However, the fructose medium sterilized by filtration was excellent for the cell growth as well as sucrose or glucose medium. In a jar fermentor, even the glucose medium became brownish by heat sterilization and the brown colored medium restrained the cell growth. Under optimum conditions, the doubling time was 1.1 day in exponential phase and 2.0 g ...