The non-destructive detection technique of corrosion and defect on the irradiated fuel assembly has been developed in Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). The X-ray computed tomography (CT) images of the corrosion layers (from 0 mm to 0.7 mm thickness) and the cracks (from 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm width) on a cladding tube were taken. The corrosion layers of more than 0.35 mm thickness and the cracks of more than 0.1 mm width were observed on the X-ray CT images. Introduction In the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), X-ray computed tomography (CT) technique has been developed as nondestructive examination technique of irradiated fuel assembly [1, 2]. Most of conventional post irradiation examination (PIE) give results on performance of fuel rod after dismantling the fuel assembly [3, 4], but X-ray CT technique has a great merit of being able to examine performance of the fuel rod in the intact fuel assembly. Recently, this technique was innovated to observe structural change in fuel pellet [5]. As a result, high resolution X-ray CT images could be obtained, and furthermore the image analysis method of X ray CT image was improved to evaluate dimensional change of fuel rod and density change (microstructure change) of fuel pellet. As results, the dimensional change could be measured within an error of with ±0.1 mm and the density change could be evaluated within an error of about ± 2 %. In this study, the X ray CT technique was applied to the examinations of corrosion and defect on the fuel rod to evaluate the integrity of the fuel assembly. 2. Experiment 2.1. X-ray CT apparatus The cut-away of the X-ray CT apparatus is shown in Fig.1. A linear accelerator was used as the X-ray source in this apparatus. A short pulse of X-ray of 12 MeV pass through the specimen and then is detected by the silicon semiconductor through 100


Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are ubiquitous in the environment and represent typical anthropogenic micropollutants. Due to their low diffusive concentrations and often recalcitrant nature, the compounds are not completely removed...


SUMMARY This paper presents a parametrized formulation of the variational principles of linear elasticity. The formulation includes as special cases aii classical principles with independently varied displacement field. In related papers this formulation, in conjunction with the hybrid treatment of internal interfaces, is used as a basis for the variational justification and further development of high performance finite elements.


In general, 3 levels are discernible in the current approaches to the therapy of coronary heart disease. The fust, exemplified by the articles in the first sections of this monograph, is essentially palliative. In its attack on angina pectoris and the arrhythmias, it attempts only to forestall or mitigate some of the worst consequences of clinically advanced coronary atherosclerosis. In view of its limited weapons, this approach necessarily eschews any claim to halting or reversing the underlying pathological process. Until recently, this was the sole approach available to medicine. Here the sights are set higher. The attempt is to halt, and even reverse (at least partially) the underlying processatherogenesis. This second approach is represented by studies on the efficacy of long-term therapy with plant sterols, anticoagulants, low-fat, low-cholesterol, and low-calorie diets, and estrogens. The present report is concerned exclusively with the last of these-estrogens, It is important to re-emphasize that each of these 4 newer regimens, including estrogens, is in the developmental stage, that is, in the stage of clinical investigation. None is of proved therapeutic value. A third level of approach to the atherosclerosis problem is essentially prophylactic rather than therapeutic, Its aim is to tackle the biology of atherogenesis, to elucidate factors (particularly in the mode of life) that cause the disease and thereby achieve the scientific knowledge necessary to prevent atherogenesis. At present this approach is focused on the possibilities inherent in a hygienic life regime, with emphasis primarily on diet and, secondarily, on physical activity. Further discussion of this approach is beyond the scope of this paper.'-*$ In presenting this progress report on our long-term program of research on estrogens and atherogenesis it is perhaps worthwhile briefly to review its original point of departure. The intellectual stimulus for these experiments came from the recognition of 2 key problems posed by accumulated data on human coronary heart disease. The first of these problems arose from the finding that, compared with a clinically normal, matched control group, middle-aged males with clinical coronary heart disease have significantly higher mean plasma At present a second level of assault is being tested in clinical trials.


A simple train sublimation system combined with two heat areas for purification of organic materials has been completed. The technical details of the system and the aluminum tris quinolate(Alq) refining procedure is described. The result shows that time of Alq refining procedure has been decreased significantly. A study of the characterizations of purified Alq (from one to five times) was carried out by means of X ray difficution, UV vis absorption, and atomic force microscope(AFM).It was found that this system improves the quality of Alq considerably. The optical characterization and morphologies of Alq film is also improved.


Seminal plasma allergy (SPA) is an immunological reaction against human seminal plasma observed in women. SPA is not a well‐known clinical syndrome, considering that there are few epidemiological studies on SPA, and it can often be overlooked or misdiagnosed as other medical conditions. Symptoms occur after sexual intercourse and manifest as systemic and/or localized symptoms. The pathophysiology of SPA is commonly assumed to be autoimmune reaction to seminal plasma with IgE antibodies ; however, it is still uncertain which specific antibodies cause SPA. In vivo skin tests, including prick and intradermal tests, are useful for diagnosing SPA. However, there has been no consensus on treatment of SPA, apart from symptomatic therapy, although several desensitization methods have been reported, using emergency kits for allergic reactions. The most common and most effective preventive measure for SPA is to use condoms during intercourse.


the moment of collision can reach up to 15 ~ 0.27 GeV2 [1]. Such a strong magnetic field can mod ify the properties of strongly interacting matter. Many interesting effects have been observed in experiment and discovered theoretically, for example inverse mag netic catalysis [2], chiral magnetic effect [3, 4], enhancement of the chiral symmetry breaking [5–9]. The investigations related to QCD phase diagram in strong magnetic field are presented in [10–17]. Numerical simulations in QCD with Nf =2 and 2 + 1 show that the strongly interacting matter in strong magnetic field has paramagnetic properties in the con finement and deconfinement phases [18–20]. In this work, we explore the splitting of ground state energy of neutral ρ0 and charged vector mesons ρ depending on its spin projection on the axis of the external abelian magnetic field. This exploration is important because such splitting can lead to the asym metry of emitted neutral and charged particles above and under reaction plane and contribute to the chiral magnetic effect. We also give a preliminary estimate of


This paper describes how to implement the principle of 16 channels full- duplex callerID detection, algorithm analysis and software and hardware designs using TMS320C5402 accord-ing to V.23 recommendation.


The title of this article may seem unusual. For those who are not familiar with the history of Occitania, southern France. The Cathars are among the great burn victims of history. They preached an austere form of Christianity originating in the East and were opposed to a dogmatic, coercive Catholicism. They were exterminated by burning at the stake on huge pyres. This gives us the opportunity to describe the historical fresco of events that unfolded in southern France over nearly 150 years. The subject is of course a long way from our usual scientific preoccupations, but there is no reason why "brulologists" (burn specialists) should not take an interest in history and culture.

"Brulology*" is an anglicisation of the French term, brulologie, or the specialty of burn care. The etymology of the French terms "brulure" and "brulologie" comes from the vulgar Latin "ustulare", to burn (which led in currentday Italian to "ustioni", burns), in combination with the Old Frankish (West Germanic) root "brenn", burn. Taken together, these became "brustulare", then "brusler" in the Middle Ages (as in the 12th century Oxford Psalter). This later became "bruler", where the "s" is replaced by the circumflex accent on the "u", a common process with mediaeval words. The same root "brenn" in Old Norse (Nordic or Old North Germanic) gave rise to the English "burn". Like many French and English words, burn and brulology thus share a common ancestry.

The tradition of burning at the stake is a very ancient one: punishment by fire was already used in antiquity, before Christ, and ranked high among violent methods of execution. But it was in the Middle Ages, with the Inquisition, that great bonfires came into widespread use, making it possible to eliminate the Cathars "en masse".

Catharism designates a religious movement of Christian origin dating from the late XIIth century. Its followers were particularly numerous in Occitania, southern France. The Cathar vision of the universe was dualist: light and the spirit (good) confronted matter and darkness (evil). This belief led them to follow an ascetic way of life. Considered as heretics, the Cathars were decimated (the Albigensian crusade, initiated by Pope Innocent III). One of the most famous burnings took place at Montsegur, in Languedoc, in 1244.

As I live in Cathar country, I thought it would be interesting to recollect for readers this fascinating period in the history of France and of brulology.


Abstract A reversed phase, stability indicating high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed for the evaluation of terbutaline (TL) as a potential candidate for transdermal drug delivery. TL was quantitated in the permeation diffusate and human skin extract samples. The isocratic mobile phase was 30 % acetonitrile in pH 5.6 phosphate buffer. The effluent was monitored at 225 nm. Propranolol (PP, 2.5 μ/ml) was used as the internal standard. Baseline separation of TL and PP was attained with a cyano column. The linear range for the calibration curve was established at 5–15 μg/ml. The assay was reproducible with low inter-day and intra-day variation of the slopes of the calibration curves (3.5 and 4.2% for diffusate samples and 5 and 5.5% for the human skin extract samples respectively). The lowest detectable quantity was 0.1 μg/ml with a signal noise ratio of 4. The application of the assay in various preformulation studies was demonstrated.


Electronic Health (eHealth) tools offer opportunities for people to access health information online; yet, most tools are not designed to meet the unique needs of diverse older adults, leading to health disparities. Our goal was to provide guidance for the development of eHealth tools for diverse older populations for use in geriatric care models.


The suprafacial hydroxylation of olefins by osmium tetraoxide, though a much used synthetic method, would become even more important if three conditions could be met: (1) modification to achieve high and predictable enantioselectivity and acyclic diastereoselectivity, (2) clarification of reaction mechanism, and (3) facilitated recovery and recycling of osmium. This paper reports progress on all three fronts.


'['his paperoutlines anddiscusses thenew mechanical characterization metrologies applied onPCIboardenvelope. 'I'he dynamic responses ofPCIboard weremonitored and characterized using accelerometer andstrain gauges. PCI board performances wereanalyzed todifferentiate its high risk areas through analysis ofboard strain responses tosolder joint crack. Board"strain states" analysis methodology was introduced toprovide immediate accurate boardbending modesanddeflection associated withexperimental results. Using this methodology, iteases theboard bendmodeanalysis which cancapture theboard strain performance limit atthe sametime.Inaddition, highspeed camera (HSC)tool was incorporated into theevaluation tounderstand theboards bend history under shock test. '[his allows better viewofthe bending momentandmatching todefect locations for corrective action implementation. Detailed failure analysis mapping ofsolder joint crack percentages wassuccessfully gathered tosupport those findings. Keyinfluences, suchas thermal/mechanical enabling preload masses andshock input profiles onsolder joint crack severity wereconducted aswell tounderstand thepotential riskmodulators forSJR performance. Furthermore, commercial simulation software analysis tool wasapplied tocorrelate theboard's bendmodes andpredict thehighrisk solder joint location; whichis important forproduct enabling solutions design. Asaresult, a system level stiffener solution wasdesigned. Hence, with this newcharacterization andvalidation concept, a practical stiffener solution forPCIapplication wasvalidated through a special case study toimprove theboard SJRperformance inits usecondition.


Frequent shifts in economic policies not only inject uncertainty into the economic landscape but also pose significant challenges to corporate endeavors in green technological innovation. Drawing on a dataset of Chinese A-share listed companies spanning 2008 to 2020, this research delves into the repercussions of economic policy uncertainty on the green technological pursuits of manufacturing firms and elucidates the underlying dynamics at play. The empirical evidence underscores a marked reluctance among companies to champion green technological innovation in the face of economic policy ambiguity, a stance that holds water even after rigorous robustness checks. Delving into the mechanisms, the study pinpoints heightened financial constraints and a diminishing risk appetite within the managerial ranks as pivotal deterrents steering firms away from green innovation projects amidst such uncertainty. Intriguingly, the adverse interplay between economic policy uncertainty and green innovation is especially accentuated in firms marked by tenuous government–business affiliations, pronounced monopolistic inclinations, lax intellectual property safeguards, minimal pollution footprints, and a skewed labor-to-capital composition. This investigation augments the scholarly discourse on the nexus between economic policy volatility and corporate green innovation, shedding light on strategic imperatives for emerging economies as they chart out future environmental blueprints and cultivate a conducive milieu for green innovation.


In Japan, unlike many other countries, forensic psychiatry has traditionally used Binder's criterion for determining the criminal responsibility of drunken offenders. We investigated 50 judgment documents taken from District courts and analyzed them for the implementation of Binder's criterion and other factors, to determine criminal responsibility. Only 20 documents explicitly mentioned Binder's criterion. Decisions were based not only on Binder's criterion, but also additional factors related to the crime, which could contribute to diminished responsibility. Logistic regression analysis showed that decisions of diminished criminal responsibility were related to factors such as, "memory loss", "incomprehensible motive", and "heterogeneous character of the perpetrator". These results suggest that Japanese District courts do not adhere as strictly to Binder's criterion as originally thought by Japanese forensic psychiatrists. The courts also use what would be deemed "common sense standards" when determining criminal responsibility.


Electromagnetic (EM) metamaterials with tailored properties are developed for wave manipulation, filtering, and cloaking for aerospace and defense applications. While traditional EM metamaterials exhibit fixed behaviors due to unchangeable material properties and geometries after fabrication, reconfigurable EM metamaterials allow for tunable performance through electrical/mechanical reconfiguration strategies. Traditional biasing circuit‐based electrical reconfiguration poses challenges due to complex circuit design, while motor‐driven mechanical reconfiguration can lead to bulky and tethered structures with restricted adaptability. Herein, magnetically actuated structurally reconfigurable EM metamaterials with enhanced adaptability/conformability to different geometries, showing merits of fast, reversible, and programmable shape morphing, are developed. Magnetic actuation enables metamaterial's mechanical reconfiguration between flat deployed, flat folded, curved deployed, and curved folded states for both conformal and freestanding 3D shape morphing. Locally, the EM metamaterials fold subwavelength units for tunable properties, switching between all‐pass and band‐stop behaviors upon structural reconfiguration. Globally, the structure can conform and morph to different curved surfaces. The structurally reconfigurable metamaterial also serves as a medium for customizable subwavelength units by rationally designing attached conductive patterns for varied filtering performances such as narrow‐band, dual‐band, and wide‐band filtering behaviors, illustrating the design flexibility and application versatility of the developed structurally reconfigurable EM metamaterial.


Current patterns of hormone therapy use in the population are not well known. These authors analyzed data from a population-based cohort of 495 women


Open Access/Spectrum 2019/Special Issue www.mahendrapublications.com Computing the Geodesic Distance between Two Points in a Polyhedral Solid Debarshi Sarkar1, Krishanu Deyasi2* 1Department of Basic Science & Humanities, Institute of Engineering & Management, EP Block, Sector V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, West Bengal 700091 2Department of Basic Science & Humanities, Institute of Engineering & Management, EP Block, Sector V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, West Bengal 700091


Progress with the BVA governance review Possible methods for selecting BVA presidents What has EU membership done for the UK veterinary profession? These were among matters discussed by the BVA Council at its meeting on April 15. The BVA President, John Blackwell, chaired the meeting, which was held at the BVA's headquarters in Mansfield Street, London.


AMERICAN STRING TEACHER nicki original for violin and piano ar-J five Etling arrangements for violin and piano plus twelve Etling arrangemen. for violin, viola, or cello and pian». Characterized by variety, the selection, range in difficulty from second yea level on up. Generally the viola pari, are written in an easier range when as the cello parts appear to be most 01 ten more difficult in comparison to th same arrangements for the other in struments, mainly because of range Piano accompaniments, particularly ii' the Etling arrangements are very eas. almost to the point of oversimplifica tion. For example, the Marcello Sonata accompaniment seems conceived Iron I a romantic standpoint of simple chords rather than the more lively con trapuntal style characteristic of Marcello's period. Most of the selections are priced @ $1.25 although the Mazas-Etling Concertina and the Marcello-Etling Sonata are $2.00 each. Selections arranged for violin and piano: Capriccio by Edmund J. Siennicki, (1972) primarily in key signature of D and a brief interlude in G with a few accidentals, provides an interesting challenge with its variety of bowing articulations, glissandi, double stops, and left hand pizzicato for the intermediate student although entirely in first position. The piece is clever and tricky in basically a rondo pattern with simple chordal accompaniment. Concerto No.2, Third Movement by Fr. Seitz arr. Merle J. Issac (1972) offers a practical challenge for the inexperienced violinist in this version primarily limited to first position with bowing and rhythmic variety, double stop drones with open strings, and the challenging articulations of sautille and slurred combinations. Bowings in this edition appear to provide a clever challenge. The accompaniment is easy and appropriate. GWSE FOR VIOLA by M. Mitrea-Celeriany. Published by Editions Salabert $5.00 c 1969


This chapter/paper provides an overview of quantum well intersubband lasers including quantum cascade and step quantum well lasers. A simplified model of the quantum cascade laser is presented which provides a good estimate of major device parameters and illustrates the principles of operation and physical processes. Device schemes of other intersubband lasers such as step quantum wells are also presented and analyzed.


Detailed spectra of core electron (5 s , 5 p ) resonant photoemission on RCu 6 (R=La, Ce, Pr) have been measured. It is found that the excitation spectra of the Auger electron yield well explains the high energy region of the 4 d -4 f giant resonance band. A double peak structure, corresponding to the multiplet, of excitation spectrum of the valence band is observed on PrCu 6 .


Maintaining the stability of tin halide perovskites is a major challenge in developing lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Adding extra SnX2 (X = F, Cl, or Br) in the precursor solution to inh...


In this study, under general frame of MAny Connected Intelligent Particles Systems (MACIPS), we reproduce two new simple subsets of such intelligent complex network, namely hybrid intelligent systems, involved a few prominent intelligent computing and approximate reasoning methods: self organizing feature map (SOM), Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System and Rough Set Theory (RST). Over this, we show how our algorithms can be construed as a linkage of government-society interaction, where government catches various fashions of behavior: solid (absolute) or flexible. So, transition of such society, by changing of connectivity parameters (noise) from order to disorder is inferred. Add to this, one may find an indirect mapping among financial systems and eventual market fluctuations with MACIPS.


It approaches the study of the shoreline landscapes with tourist use in the Holguin province, and taking into account the geoecology point of view. It is presented their integrated diagnose, with the possibility of establishing the guidelines of sustainable tourist management with one spatial dimension in connection with the development model from this region. The study included the inventory and analysis of the landscapes, the evaluation of the potentialities of the region and the tourist model in exploitation is assessed, and the identification of the environmental problem of the territory, being obtained its geoecological status as a result; the one which allows to understand the situation of that region and this will favour making decisions, in a consistent way, as for the tourist development in such landscapes, and the global change and the evolution of Cuban environmental.


Soil erosion by water is one of the most important natural resources management problems in the world. The damages it causes on-site are soil loss, breakdown of soil structure, and decline in organic matter content, nutrient content, fertility, and infiltration rate. Lands with the highest erosion risk on Mauritius Island are crop cultivations (sugarcane, tea, vegetables) on erosion-susceptible terrain (slopes >20% coupled with highly erodible soils). The locations of such lands on Mauritius were mapped during previous, qualitatively based regional-scale erosion studies. In order to propose soil conservation strategies, there is a need to apply a more quantitative approach to supplement the previous, qualitatively based studies. This paper reports an application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) within a geographical information system in order to estimate soil loss on the island, and particularly for the high-erosion areas. Results show that total soil loss on the island is estimated at 298 259 t year–1, with soil loss from high-erosion areas summing 84 780 t year–1 (28% of total soil loss). If all of the high-erosion areas were afforested, their soil loss would be reduced to 10 264 t year–1, i.e. a reduction of 88% for the high-erosion areas and a reduction of 25% for the island. This study thus calls for soil and water conservation programs directed to these erosion-prone areas before the land degradation and environmental damage they are causing become irreversible. The methodological approach used in this work to quantitatively estimate soil loss from erosion-prone areas can be adopted in other countries as the basis for a nationwide erosion assessment in order to better inform environmental policy needs for soil and water conservation.


Efficient face recognition has been a challenging problem for researches in the field of image analysis for years. The main factors that make th is problem a challenging are image degradation due to blur, illumination and pose. Face recognition system shou ld be able to detect the faces automatically in all unconstrained environments. As security of information is important, security cameras a re common nowadays. Current Face recognition systems are based on convolution model is insufficient for describ ing no n-uniform motion b lur arising from relat ive motion between camera and subject. But the existing system, proposed a method for face reco gnition in the presence of space varying motion blu r which is not exp lained by the convolution model with a single b lur kernel in whi ch blur is uniform across the image We propose an efficient algorithm for face recognition in non-uniform (i.e., space-varying) motion blurs using Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) for facial feature extraction. Face recognition rate, in the existing system u sing Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is comparatively lower than the proposed system, especially for images with low PSNR. In the proposed system, face recognition rate, can be increased by using Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). Th is fast and efficient algorithm is able to recognize human faces with good accuracy in unconstrained environments like blur. First section des cribes the existing system and the second section describes the proposed system.


Objective To observe the anatomical and biomechanieal properties of the forearm in terosseous membrane (IOM), providing the scientific theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of the IOM injury. Methods Ten radius-IOM-ulna structures (left for 5 and right for 5) were harvested from 5 fresh-frozen adult cadavers to measure the length, width and thickness of the tendinous part. Then the tendi-nous part with its radial and ulnar insertions were isolated, embedding the proximal part of the radius and the distal part of the ttina in commercially available dental base acrylic resin powder. The embedded speci-mens were mounted on MTS 858 testing machine using a 10 000 N load cell for all tensile tests. The speci-mens were tested at a displacement rate of 50 mn/min until failure. The load-displacement curve was de-scribed by the computer while the maximum load and stiffness were recorded. Results The IOM consisted of three components: the tendinous part, the membranous part, and the dorsal oblique accessory cord. The IOM was fiat in the neutral position, while it flexed during the pronation and supination. Six specimens ob-tained the tear of tendinous portion at a maximum load of (1021.50±250.13) N. The stiffness was (138.24±24.29) N/mm with displacement to failure of (9.77±1.77) mm. Other 4 specimens failed by fracture through the ulnar fixed site before there was failure of the IOM at a maximum load of (744.40±109.85) N. The stiff-ness was (151.17±30.68) N/mm with displacement to failure of (6.51±0.51) ram. Conclusion The IOM has stiffness comparable to the ligament between the radius and the ulna and play an important role for the maintenance of longitudinal stability of the forearm. These results can provide objective criteria for the eval-uation of reconstructive methods.

Key words:
Forearm;  Anatomy, regional;  Biomechanies


We prove a Milnor-L\^e type fibration theorem for a subanalytic map $f: X \to Y$ between subanalytic sets $X \subset \mathbb{R}^m$ and $Y \subset \mathbb{R}^n$. Moreover, if $f$ extends to an analytic map $\mathbb{R}^m \to \mathbb{R}^n$, we define the singular set and the discriminant set of $f$, in a stratified sense. Then we give Milnor-L\^e type fibration theorems for $f$ outside its discriminant, as well as over it. We give examples of each situation approached in this paper.


A solution mining facility at the Eddy Potash Mine, Eddy County, New Mexico has been proposed that will utilize salinity gradient solar pond (SGSP) technology to supply industrial process thermal energy. The process will include underground dissolution of potassium chloride (KCl) from pillars and other reserves remaining after completion of primary room and pillar mining using recirculating solutions heated in the SGSP. Production of KCl will involve cold crystallization followed by a cooling pond stage, with the spent brine being recirculated in a closed loop back to the SGSP for reheating. This research uses SGSP as a renewable, clean energy source to optimize the entire mining process, minimize environmental wastes, provide a safe, more economical extraction process and reduce the need for conventional processing by crushing, grinding and flotation. The applications of SGSP technology will not only save energy in the extraction and beneficiation processes, but also will produce excess energy available for power generation, desalination, and auxiliary structure heating.


GuNTHER'S disease, or congenital erythropoietic porphyria, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of heme biosynthesis characteristically associated with diminished uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetas...


Testing the Temporal Stability of Accessibility Value in Residential Hedonic Prices (by Marius Theriault, Francois Des Rosiers and Jean Dube) - ABSTRACT: Bridging the gap between supply-driven and demand-driven accessibility to urban amenities, this paper assesses changes in the valuation of accessibility to labour markets, schools and shopping outlets. Accessibility indexes combine travel time, distribution of activity places and willingness to travel, summarizing opportunities from each neighbourhood. They are inserted simultaneously into a hedonic residential price model pertaining to properties sold in Quebec City in 1986, 1991 and 1996. While isolating the evolution of cross-effects of centrality and accessibility, results suggest that, when buying their homes, households put more emphasis on access to schools than to the labour market, which, in turn, outclasses shopping. Better understanding how accessibility is valued provides guidelines for decision making. Keywords: Hedonic modelling, Accessibility, Urban centrality, Transportation, House valuation, Urban amenities.


The quality and efficiency of physical education(PE) in higher vocational colleges(HC) are still low due to the deep-rooted traditional PE concept and mode. Therefore, it is of great significance to apply computer information technology to PE in HVC and improve the quality of PE in HVC. Based on the application value of computer virtual technology in PE in HVC, this paper analyzes the effectiveness of the current computer virtual simulation technology, and discusses the modern teaching methods that are in line with the teaching practice and can improve the teaching effect. The research adopts the experimental method to carry out the research, selects the students of the PE department of Shenzhen polytechnic as the experimental objects, applies the virtual simulation technology to the teaching process of PE course, and verifies the effectiveness of the virtual simulation technology in the classroom teaching of PE major. The experimental results show that virtual simulation technology can break through the problems in traditional teaching mode, optimize the whole teaching process, create a good learning environment for students, and improve students' academic interest more than traditional teaching mode. Virtual simulation technology can effectively use intuitive data, improve the standardization of technical actions, and obviously improve students' motor skills.


The objective of this work was the investigation of the chemical composition of the leaves and stems of two Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) genotypes from Bulgaria (CG-SB and CG-NB), with the view of establishing the presence of certain bioactive substances and the prospects for their use as livestock feed or cosmetic ingredients. The leaves and stems of CG-SB genotype contained 18.63% and 40.26% cellulose, respectively, and 24.83% and 13.73% protein; the respective contents in the leaves and stems of CG-NB genotype were 27.63% and 47.63% cellulose, and 9.36% and 8.07% protein. The dominant amino acids in CG-SB leaves were aspartic acid (32.04 mg.g-1) and lysine (30.54 mg.g-1), and in the stems – proline (46.90 mg.g-1) and phenylalanine (15.42 mg.g-1). The amino acid composition of the leaves of CG-NB genotype was dominated by histidine (24.88 mg.g-1) and proline (21.25 mg.g-1), and that of the stems – by proline (13.38 mg.g-1). The main macro and micro minerals in the leaves and stems of both genotypes were K, Mg and Fe, respectively, but numerical differences were observed on a genotype and plant part basis. The leaves were processed by extraction with n-hexane and the content of volatiles was determined (by GC-MS). A total of 32 components was identified in each of the genotypes. The major volatile in both genotypes was n-pentacosanol, 17.07% in CG-SB and 12.39% in CG-NB; the dominant group of chemicals was that of oxygenated aliphatics, followed by diterpenes. The results from the study provide arguments that the leaves and stems of Cape gooseberry, currently discarded byproducts, could be regarded as alternative sources of bioactive substances.


The performance of a microwave missile seeker and radar operating in an air-to-air look-down mode is strongly influenced by the presence of ground clutter In order to correctly account for the effects of ground clutter, it is required to develop a model capable of representing clutter characteristics as a function of range and/or frequency. In this paper, a program to estimate the clutter reflectivity for various ground conditions is developed, using the actually measured data and the data available from open literatures. In addition, clutter characteristics measured for various ground conditions such as sea, agricultural area, urban city and industrial area through the captive flight tests are presented.


Upon irradiation by (FF+n+γ), the G(HCN) value from the nitrogen-ethylene system increased with the rise in the pressure, while upon y and (n+γ) radiations it decreased. This pressure effect was explained in terms of the high concentration of the active species in the FF tracks. At a high pressure, Reaction (5) is considered to take place in the tracks; &N_2^++e^-→2N\ ag5 \intertextAt low pressures, Reaction (6) predominates, as in the γ-ray radiolysis, over Reaction (5) even in the FF tracks, &N_2^++C_2H_4→N_2+C_2H_4^+\ ag6 and nitrogen molecule cations do not contribute to the formation of hydrogen cyanide.


"Mum, do you know what the worst thing about being human is?" asks my eight-year-old son. I say I don't. "That I can't fly by myself!" comes the swift reply. Flight is the stuff of myth and fairy tale, but also the perennial dream of humanity in general and of the child in particular. Two lasting fictional characters—J.M. Barrie's Peter Pan from Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens (1906) and Astrid Lindgren's Karlson from Karlson on the Roof (1955)—embody the modern fulfillment of that dream while hearkening back to the ancient Greek god Hermes.2 I argue that Hermes, the deity of mediation and liminality, returns in these twentieth-century literary texts both as a sign of the persistence of mythical thinking and, simultaneously, to mark the space where myth


This paper aims to explore the power and influence of intermediaries in an intermediated relationship between a long-term savings and investments provider, Independent Financial Advisers (IFAs) and customers. IFAs have a very important role in the UK long-term savings and investments industry as more than three-quarters of the sales in this industry are generated through them (Datamonitor, 2012). Consequently, they have been recognised as the strongest distribution channel in the industry (Gough & Nurullah, 2009; Gough, 2005). Despite their importance, there has been very little research investigating the extent of their power and influence in this intermediated relationship. This study does not only contribute to the knowledge gap within intermediated channel research but is also beneficial for the long-term savings and investments industry as well as other industries in which intermediaries play a key role. A case study research method conducted in collaboration with one of the largest UK long-term savings and investments provider was adopted for the purpose of this study.


In this article, we are interested in the numerical analysis of a singularly perturbed parabolic differential equation with time delay. The source term of the considered problem has discontinuities in the spatial variable along the interface , 0<d<1, and the diffusion coefficient is a small positive perturbation parameter. The problem's solution exhibits interior and boundary layers as the perturbation parameter approaches zero, which makes the problem challenging to establish the uniform convergence of any applied classical numerical techniques with respect to the perturbation parameter. The solution to the considered problem is decomposed into regular and singular components. Some appropriate a priori bounds on derivatives of these components have been given. The domain is discretized using Shishkin mesh in the spatial direction and uniform mesh in the time direction. On the mesh points which are not on the interface, the problem is discretized using a central-difference upwind scheme. Along the interface, the problem is discretized using an especial central-difference upwind scheme that uses the average value of the source term. The ε-uniform convergence analysis of the scheme is given using the decomposition of the solution. Some numerical experiments are conducted to corroborate the efficiency of the method.


【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to probe into the effects of external source C (cane sugar) and source N(NH4NO3) on forests soil and living leaves, in order to provide theoretical direction for forest ecosystem management. 【Method】 Different levels of external C, N disturbance with C source (cane sugar: C1.1500 kg/hm^2, C2.2000 kg/hm^2) and N source (NH4NO3: N1.450 kg/hm^2, N2.750 kg/hm^2) were used to 4 kinds of typical forests (Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Pinus yunnanensis, Betula platyphylla, Picea asperata) in Minjiang areas. 【Result】 C and N disturbing effects on C, N contents in forest soil were different: heavy disturbances for Cercidiphyllum japonicum, light disturbances for Pinus yunnanensis and light disturbances for Picea asperata could increase their C and N contents; C and N disturbances could increase the C content in the living leaves of Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Pious yunnanensis and Betula plotyphylla, and the C content increased with the increase of the C and N disturbances of the fomer two forests. C disturbances could increase the C content in the living leaves of Picas asperata, but N disturbances could decrease the C content N disturbances could increase the N content in the living leaves of Cercidiphyllum japonicum obviously, light C and N disturbances could increase N content in Picea asperata living leaves, disturbances were not significant for N content in the living leaves of Pinus yunnanensis. 【Conclusion】 It suggests that: C2 and N2 level disturbances have better impact on C. japonicum; C1 level disturbances have better impact on Pines yunnanensis ;C1 and NI level disturbances have better impact on Pica asperata ;disturbances for Betula platyphylla is not suitable.


To efficiently enhance the global search and local search of Differential Evolution algorithm ( DE), A modified differential evolution algorithm (MDE) is proposed in this paper. The MDE and the DE are different in two aspects. The first is the MDE Algorithm use a strategy of Pitch adjustment instead of original mutation operation, this can enhance the convergence of the MDE, the second is integrate the opposed-learning operation in the crossover operation to prevent DE from being trapped into local optimum. Four test functions are adopted to make comparison with original DE, the MDE has demonstrated stronger velocity of convergence and precision of optimization than differential DE algorithm and PSO.


no longer the antinomian she thinks Dickinson was, for Howe wants a line of legitimate descent for her dissent. Such a patriarchal notion of authority that would entitle her "nonconformist" work is more in the Puritan grain: "Though they crossed a wide and northern ocean, Scripture encompassed them" (49). But what happens to Dickinson here? Howe's sentimental reading of the materiality of Dickinson's texts precisely "tames" Dickinson "for aesthetic consumption." Dickinson's work is painfully focussed on the materiality of the signifier and text; throughout her work, she enacts and thematizes the violent objectification of her subjectivity. The mutilated words, sentences, lines, and stanzas that mark her stylistic practice, along with her uncommon punctuation, present what has already happened. For the mangled "material" texts are her visions of her voice in print. The objectification of the subject — "I'm Nobody! Who are you?" — has in fact to do with her translation into print. As Valéry put it, "The writer's mind sees itself in the mirror provided by the printing press" (Theodor Adorno, Notes to Literature I, 159). Such is the social and historical materiality of her practice, distinct from the accident that she left us her poems only in manuscript. What to do with the manuscripts raises issues for textual scholarship and theory. But for those who do not claim to be textual scholars, there are ways of reading Dickinson's graphic practice without fetishizing handcrafted books. Howe does not help us read the Dickinson who already knew, scored, and underscored her "banishment" into print.


EmbeliaribesBURM. F. is an important drug of Ayurveda. Which is considered as multi remedies *with wide* group of Active consistents.Isolated from the berries. Because of High Commerce, Traders, are subjected to 26 species of substitution, a detailed botanical investigation with macro & microscopical comparison with the drug used under the name of VIDANGA. Therefore the present study is an attempt to establish macro & Microscopic characteristic of E.R. as well as to Distinguish the species in Chart.


Unbinding of a double-stranded DNA reduces to an unscreened long range interaction and maps on various problems. Heterogeneity renormalizes interaction. Renormalization is temperature dependent. At an unbinding transition it approaches critical dimensionality. This implies giant non-universal critical indexes and invalidity of the Gibbs distribution sufficiently close to the critical temperature Tc. Fluctuations are macroscopically large below Tc. There are no fluctuations above it.


Laboratory measurements were made of the instabilities of the Ekman layer using hot wire anemometers. The apparatus consisted of two parallel circular rotating plates forming a spool; the air was admitted through screens at the outer edge and removed through a screen cage at the hub. In the Ekman layers formed on the inner surfaces of the plates, measurements were made of the mean velocities as functions of r and a; the velocity fluctuations were also measured. It appears that the instability labelled type II by Faller always occurs first, and at zero Rossby number the critical Reynolds number is 56 ± 2. This instability originates in the boundary layer, but at slightly higher Reynolds number the fluctuations persist far into the geostrophic region, probably as inertial waves excited by the boundary-layer fluctuations. At higher Reynolds number another instability appears of shorter wavelength and slower speed. This instability is confined to the boundary layer and is apparently the type I reported by Faller. The phase speeds, frequencies, and wave-front orientations of both type instabilities have been measured.


A new sounding method, named Vibro Sampling and Cone Penetration Test (VS-CPT) was proposed as an economical and effective geotechnical investigation method for shallow ground about 20 meters below seafloor. A series of experiments of penetration tests in a model sand bed were conducted to study a proper shape of the probe that reduce penetration resistance and assure sample retrieval. The results demon-strated that vibration is effective for penetration and sand sample can be obtained if the aperture ratio was 0.5 or more. Furthermore, a prototype test device (Mark 1) with an aperture ratio of 0.67 was de-signed and manufactured for penetration depth of 2 meters.


Recycling of pavements is a relatively new technique in India and gaining popularity in recent times due to several merits over conventional pavement rehabilitation techniques. The first recycling work of flexible pavements was undertaken nearly a decade ago and since then milling and recycling of pavements has been adopted in some parts of urban and high volume roads in India. However there have been no research studies reported on these works. In recent times, foam bitumen recycled pavement work was undertaken on some urban roads of Kolkata city in India. Detailed investigation on milling and foam bitumen recycling work of these pavements was performed and presented in this paper. Laboratory investigation on milled and recycled material, field evaluation using falling weight deflectometer (FWD) before and after rehabilitation was carried out.. Results indicate that the foam bitumen recycling is a very promising alternative to rehabilitate the pavements and to address the concern of conservation of energy and natural resources.


This paper intends to provide supplementary material for correlated studies and to present an extended analysis of transition of young adults from their parents' homes to other living arrangements for a period 2005-2012. It focuses on whether the economic crisis has affected the emancipation model i.e. the pattern of leaving and returning home. The sample is drawn from European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), using the longitudinal structure for the period 2005-2012 for 17 EU countries it has been shown results for both a static and dynamic analysis of living arrangement. Moreover the paper estimates a trivariate probit model to analyse the determinants of leaving (and returning) home considering simultaneously two of the key factors namely employment and partnership. Findings show that parental monetary resources play a crucial role in adulthood transitions. More than in previous recessions, the family plays a protective role allowing their adult children to stay longer at home, i.e. allowing young adults to overcome the economic difficulties faced during the Great Recession. This is true especially in those countries (i.e. Continental countries) where economic independence is highly valued (both by parents and children), and school-to-work transitions tend to be smoother.


The purpose of this independent inquiry is to identify what government, employers, employees (and those that represent them) can do to improve working life in Britain. Our focus is on what makes for a better workplace and better employment. What government policies and actions by employers, management and unions would make a difference; and how can we aspire to a high-skills, high-productivity, high-wage economy where more people are satisfied with their work and have greater opportunities and more control over what they do?


Given the high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) at the present time, as well as a number of shortcomings of traditional parameters of kidney function estimation, in the last few years more and more attention is paid to the search for new renal injury markers for earlier and accurate diagnosis of the onset of CKD. This paper reviews the available evidence on traditional markers of renal injury in comparison with the new biochemical markers, reflecting mainly tubulointerstitial kidney injury that occurs in the earlier stages of kidney disease. Moreover, we discuss the potential of a number of biomarkers, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule‑1, cystatin C, and liver fatty acid binding protein for early diagnosis of both acute and chronic kidney disease, including hypertensive nephropathy.


Modernity is viewed differently in western and eastern/Islamic culture. In western, it is associated more on theissue of secularism, the separation between religious affairs and the state. Another issue is the application of economiccapitalistic system, which concerns with the material life and reduces the spirit of sharing. Besides, the development oftechnology has reduced the quality of interpersonal relationship and has caused worries and psychosomatics. Not allMuslims agree with these issues. However, modernity also gives spirit to the progress of Muslim society. It can make peopleuse their optimal thinking to manage natural resources and their potentials so that they can live much better. For that reason,modernity can be a certain challenge to the Islamic preaching.


Azo dyestuffs containing the tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silylalkylamino group, -N-R-Si[OSi(CH3)3]3 ¦ R1 are produced and are found to be compatible with cured silicone polymers.


It is well known that a Pi‐cell must be operated in bend state transited from splay state. Before starting state transition, the nucleation must be happened uniformly to whole active area in a Pi‐cell. In this study, Nanostructure Enhanced Pi‐cell (NE‐Pi‐cell) was proposed. Not only the random distribution of silicon oxide nano‐particles was investigated for decreasing the transition time, but also the limitation of increasing nano‐particle density was also studied well. The reduction rates of splay‐to‐bend and twist‐to‐splay transition time were over 99.9% with nanostructure surfaces. However, the response time and V‐T curve remained the same as un‐treated Pi‐cell.


In an age marked by declining trust, cultural divisiveness and secularism, Restorative Witness offers a theological stance to undergird evangelism by using the lens of reconciliation. Drawing on the work of Miroslav Volf, Restorative Witness offers a theological exploration of evangelism, including an examination of the current climate of Western culture regarding issues of trust, mistrust and distrust; a historical overview of factors leading to the present situation; and observations regarding current difficulties facing the church in the arena of evangelism and reasons for those difficulties. The exploration uses theological resources in the areas of evangelism, biblical studies and systematics to offer a new theological disposition from which to engage evangelistic efforts. Firmly grounded in the biblical events of creation, the incarnation, the crucifixion, the resurrection, the ascension, Pentecost, and new creation, this theological stance takes seriously understandings of ecclesiology and the kingdom of God with the goal of restoring strength, integrity and power to Christian witness in an age of mistrust and divisiveness.


Compares the Buddhist teaching of anatta (no-self) with Kohut's theory of the cohesive self. Opines that such a comparison reflects how the Buddhist teaching of "the middle way" provides a bridge to self psychology theory, while other Buddhist precepts render its solution to suffering incomplete and a probable cause of more suffering. Suggests that reciprocal understandings of a Western psychology of the self and an Eastern spiritual tradition can be applied to the practice of psychotherapy.


Based on the symmetry of an object,people can infer its structure and estimate its pose even if some parts of object are lost or occluded.This paper presented a new algorithm for detecting the symmetry axes of 2D point set.Firstly,convex hull of 2D point set can be obtained by convex hull algorithm.Secondly,for complete point set,its symmetry axes can be found through seeking the symmetry axes of convex hull.Thirdly,for incomplete point set,if the missing points are located inside the convex hull,point set's symmetry axes must be the symmetry axes of its convex hull;if the missing points include those points on the convex hull,perpendicular bisectors of convex hull's edges or angle bisectors of convex hull may be the symmetry axes of the point set.The method proposed in this paper can search the symmetry axes of object even though some points are lost or occluded.The experimental results demonstrate that the method has higher efficiency and better applicability.


American poet Ezra Pound wrote a letter on February 6, 1940, inviting American philosopher George Santayana to join poet T. S. Eliot and himself in writing "a volume . . . on the Ideal University, or The Proper Curriculum, or how it would be possible to educate and/or (mostly or) civilize the university stewd-dent."1 Santayana declined the invitation and claimed to have no ideas on the subject of education. Participation would have been morally impossible, he wrote, because unlike Pound and Eliot, whom he regarded as "reformers, full of prophetic zeal and faith in the Advent of the Lord," Santayana was "cynically content to let people educate or neglect themselves as they may prefer."2 This supports the approach of commentators who emphasize the differences between Pound and Santayana. Anthony Woodward has emphasized the "deep gap . . . between their temperaments."3 Santayana's biographer, John McCormick, has emphasized Pound's lifelong misapprehension of Santayana, a position that seems seconded by Pound scholar Noel Stock.4 Pound and Santayana were temperamentally quite distinct, but this does not justify neglect of common concerns and possible similarities. I propose to take seriously Pound's invitation to Santayana and to trust Pound's sense that Santayana may have something to say about education. In this speculative, rather than historical, essay, I want to read Santayana with an eye to what conceivably could have appealed to Pound. I want to use Pound's views as a stalking horse to track ideas on education in Santayana's thought.5 I hope to suggest deeper connections between the two thinkers than have previously been noted6 and to consider how their responses to shared concerns can benefit a reader concerned with pedagogy.


1 I wish to express appreciation to Professor C. F. Phillips of Colgate University, who read the original manuscript, for several suggestions which have been incorporated into the final draft of the article. 2 That is, as to which groups in the economic system finally bear the burden of the levy, after all changes produced by the tax have occurred. 3 Lee, Maurice W., "Anti Chain Store Tax Legislation," Journal of Business of the University of Chicago 12: 9, July 1939. ' Note Morrill, A. H., "It's The Poor Who Pay a Sales Tax," Nation's Business, 20: 46-51, February, 1932. The chain store argument on incidence usually stops at this point, the conclusion being that the consumers pay in full. 6 It is assumed for the moment that the chains are of approximately equal size both as to number of units and average volume of business per store; thus the tax is a uniform percentage of receipts for all chains.


A geography of city terrain, based on bus routes, supplies information about steepness that is vital to maintenance of equipment. This article presents a technique to determine vertical profiles of bus routes to evaluate topography and service demands in terrain stress on vehicles. A N arbitrary abstract bus-route network, superimposed on the undulating surface of a city, would logically follow lines of lowest topographic gradient when minimal terrain-imposed stress on equipment was a factor. The resultant routing strategy would fail to provide effective service to the population, because bus-route networks should also follow service gradients. The key issue centers on how to thread routes through an urban area so that they touch a set of high-demand locations like places of employment and then connect with areally spread residential zones. Another way to pose the question is how can the linear form of a bus route get as close as possible to an area, or how can a one-dimensional linear form be routed along a winding path to fill a portion of a two-dimensional market area? The latter question appears from general context to be one that is likely to respond to an abstract approach based on fractal geometry, and we conducted an empirical study of one set of bus routes. Bus-route vertical profiles were viewed as wiggly lines, attempting to fill some sector of the market area. To understand how these routes might fill space, we developed a procedure to measure the displacement of a bus-route vertical profile from a topographic baselevel. This base was established as a slope between adjacent points like river crossings on the profile. These points force a change in elevation of a route as the bus travels from origin to terminus. Routes along paths that would maintain baselevel are analogous to the arbitrary net dropped on a city. Displacement of all others from this minimal routing response is a function of the need to serve distinct points with high demands for service as well as areally spread residential markets with different demands for service. With this broad idea expressed in a terrain context, the test case begins by displaying briefly a general procedure to classify city terrain at a 1:250,000 scale; the results of applying this procedure to Ann Arbor, Michigan, as well * This research was partially supported by a grant from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, to the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. * DR. ARLINGHAUS is director of the Institute of Mathematical Geography, 1441 Wisteria Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104. DR. NYSTUEN is a professor of geography and urban planning at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. This content downloaded from 188.8.131.52 on Mon, 12 Jun 2017 17:54:20 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW as San Francisco, Washington, D.C., and Detroit illustrate extreme positions in the taxonomy.1 Although this classification is useful to make broad terrain comparisons among cities, it does not permit identification of variations in elevation that result from residential-service needs to be made at the city level. Therefore the report proceeds with a comprehensive analysis of the terrain in Ann Arbor at a scale of 1:24,000, based on vertical profiles of local bus routes. These profiles are partitioned by a discrete set of critical values that force variation in elevation into continuous intervals over which routeelevation displacement from a baselevel is measured. The study concludes by mapping the results of the displacement and discussing the implications of a geography of terrain based on bus routes for transit managers. TERRAIN CLASSIFICATION Terrain with a gradient in excess of 8 percent causes problems for virtually any type of vehicle, and most railroad tracks follow a grade of less than 2 percent.2 Thus a city with a large percentage of 8 percent grade might be classified as steep, one with terrain largely less than 2 percent as flat, and all others as intermediate. To determine these percentages for a specific city, we employed the following technique. The city boundary was represented as a circle to facilitate classificatory comparisons among cities; allometry was used to represent the city as a circle with a radius proportional to population. Then evenly spaced lines were used to sample the unevenly spaced contour lines within the allometric circle and to classify the underlying terrain as steep, intermediate, or flat.3 The mechanics of analyzing the terrain within a circle required sampling of the spacing between the pattern of contour lines. Generally contour lines are wiggly; however, locally all are topologically equivalent to short straightline segments. Thus a sequence of parallel short straight-line segments became a contour comb to disentangle contour lines. When the segments were spaced to represent 2 percent and 8 percent grades on a 1:250,000 topographical map with a 50-foot contour interval, they were in a form suitable for use with a topographic map of the same scale (Fig. 1). When the contour combs were applied to the pattern of contour lines representing topography on U.S. Geological Survey maps, the spacing in a set of lines appeared to fall mostly between the 2 percent and 8 percent pattern, but much of it was closer to the 2 percent end (Fig. 2). Ann Arbor was found to have terrain of Sandra Arlinghaus and John Nystuen, Terrain Effects on Bus Durability, report prepared for University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute in cooperation with Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va., 1986; Sandra Arlinghaus and John Nystuen, Terrain Effects on Bus Maintenance Performance, Transportation Research Record, forthcoming. 2 Edward H. Hammond, Analysis of Properties in Land Form Geography: An Application to BroadScale Land Form Mapping, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 54 (1964): 11-19; Edward L. Ullman, The Railroad Pattern of the United States, Geographical Review 39 (1949), 242-256. 3 Waldo R. Tobler, The Spectrum of U.S. 40, Papers of the Regional Science Association 23 (1969): 4552; Hammond, footnote 2 above. 184 This content downloaded from 18.104.22.168 on Mon, 12 Jun 2017 17:54:20 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms CITY TERRAIN AND BUS ROUTES


The invention oil nanosized - by the high voltage applied to the inorganic nanocomposite - as, more particularly, to clay components (clay), in particular montmorillonite (montmorillonite) ingredients oil containing the polymer resin on the method of producing an inorganic composite by going on the clay interlayer it will be on how to improve performance. A nanocomposite prepared according to the present invention is excellent in mechanical properties, heat resistance, flame resistance, barrier properties, not a rare manufacturing process the additional cost can be utilized commercially available.


The objective was to research the yield potential and adaptability in Huaibei area.Four different summer maize varieties,Anlong 4,Ludan 981,Zhongke 11 and Liyu 16 and the control varity-Zhengdan 958 were planted in four different ecological areas of Taihe,Yingshang,Suzhou and Mengcheng in this experiment.The results showed that the order of the average grain yield from high to low was Taihe,Suzhou,Yingshang and Mengcheng while the order of the variety stability of the same variety in four areas from good to poor was Zhengdan 958,Liyu 16,Zhongke 11,Anlong 4 and Ludan 981.The yield difference among the varieties was significant in the same area.The highest yield varieties in Taihe,Yingshang,Suzhou and Mengcheng were Anlong 4,Liyu 16,Ludan 981 and Zhongyu 15 respectively.Important reasons for the yield difference in these four areas were varity characteristics,differences in illumination and rainfall.This showed that high grain yield of maize in Anhui province can be obtained by planting different cultivars,making good use of its ecological resources,and by exploiting regional advantages.


Certain artistic and political actions managed to momentarily subvert the status quo imposed by the last Argentine dictatorship. Among them are the experiences of TIT (Taller de Investigaciones Teatrales, 1977-1982). The aim of this group was to update the provocative capacity of art by means of the programmatic idea of a cross between avant-garde art and politics, experimentalism and Trotskyism. We take the case of TIT in order to analyze some possible aesthetic continuities generated by the break produced by the dictatorship. We analyze the links between theories and practices implemented by activist theatre groups (1966/69-1974/76) and the TIT, in order to see how similar practices acquire different meanings if developed before or during the dictatorship.


The superior court decisions of half a decade ago on the offence of unlawful carnal knowledge are among the Irish courts' most controversial. The Supreme Court striking down the offence, and the High Court's subsequent order that a prisoner serving a sentence for it was to be released, was subject to an exceptional level of public concern and debate. This note is concerned with the impact on substantive criminal law of the two Supreme Court decisions reported as CC v Ireland. The offence of unlawful carnal knowledge was committed by a man engaging in sexual intercourse with a girl under 15 years of age. Whether the girl in any sense consented was irrelevant to liability and, in its first CC decision, delivered in 2005, the Supreme Court held by a four-to-one majority that a defendant's belief that the victim was 15 or older would not be a defence. The second CC decision was delivered a year later. The court found the offence, as it had interpreted it in its first decision, to be repugnant to the Constitution. In the first CC decision both the majority and Denham J. in dissent applied the presumption of mens rea. The majority considered the presumption to be rebutted, while Denham J. did not. In sum, the first CC decision, as a matter of interpretation, found the offence to be one of strict liability and the second decision struck it down because it constituted an unjustifiable use of strict liability in an offence carrying a possible life sentence. The CC decisions addressed two important questions: what it takes to rebut the presumption of mens rea and the constitutional permissibility of strict liability in criminal offences. This note will show that subsequent case law somewhat departs from the certainty of the court's conclusion in its second CC decision: that strict liability in serious offences, without more, is prima facie unconstitutional. Before that, the note will identify the implications of differing understandings of the presumption of mens rea in the first CC decision.


Polysilicon films have been deposited at a low temperature by single and dual ion beam sputtering. The structural and electrical properties of as-deposited and annealed films have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Hall mobility measurements. The films are microcrystalline with average grain size ranging from 200 to 400 A. The films exposed to a low-energy secondary ion beam during sputtering from a silicon target have exhibited smoother surface topography and different electrical behavior than the films deposited without any secondary ion bombardment. Some preliminary studies on ion beam sputtered SiGe films using a compound target are also presented.


ABOUT two years ago, in a previous communication, attention was directed to the roentgen-ray treatment in true bronchial asthma and various types of chronic bronchitis. Since that time further experience has shown that the method has a real place in therapy. In the treatment of bronchial asthma, the first and most important consideration is the matter of diagnosis. It is extremely important that the treatment be limited to cases of true bronchial asthma; otherwise unnecessary treatment is apt to be applied with no beneficial results. Numerous cases of supposed bronchial asthma have been proved later to be merely cardiac asthma or simple bronchitis without complications. The essential element is the proof that we are dealing with a true protein intoxication. Of course, it will be urged that in these cases the newer and more modern methods of treatment, such as vaccination, etc., should be used. This is quite true, and, in fact, the vast majority of cases that have come to my attention for treatment have be...


203 Abstract— The number of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating in the Adum Central Business District (CBD) of Kumasi, Ghana continues to grow at an increasing rate, but still they do not conform to the right standards and appropriate parameters. No matter what business activities they embark on some Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can be effectively used to enhance their operations. This paper finds out the adequacy of dissemination of ICTs and its level of deployment in the operations of SMEs of trade businesses in the Adum CBD and establishes the level of awareness of computers and their related technologies among owner-managers. In order to do an in-depth assessment of the situation, the CBD was put into zones A, B, and C and enterprises were selected at random. Interview procedures and administered questionnaires were used to obtain data for analysis. In effect, the study established that though the level of awareness is high, only 23% of these SMEs use computers whilst 49% use mobile phones to support their businesses. Also, 54% of these enterprises do not have access to the Internet. Thus, the exploitation and deployment of ICTs remain a greater challenge to these enterprises. It is recommended that the Ministry of Trade and Industry and other stakeholders organize programmes to enlighten owner-managers on the prospects of using ICTs to gain competitive advantage. In addition, the ICT industry must be revamped and freed from bottlenecks surrounding access to hardware and software.


Good quality seeds are one of the least expensive but vital factors influencing yield potential and key to agriculture progress. Studies were conducted both in the field and laboratory with the objective to observe the impact of harvest stage on the seed, quality and storability of French bean. Five harvest stages viz. H1deep green with light yellow colours of pod, H2-50% green and 50% yellowing of pods, H3-light brown with few yellow colour pods, H4-90% brown colour of pods and H5-100% brown colour and dried pods were considered as treatments for field trial. Harvested seeds were then stored in both cool room and ambient conditions up to 16 months and performed seed quality studies in every 4 months. The treatments combination of laboratory studies were T1: H1 seed storage in cool room (SSCR), T2: H1 seed storage in ambient (SSAB), T3: H2 SSCR, T4: H2 SSAB; T5: H3 SSCR; T6: H3 SSAB; T7: H4 SSCR; T8: H4 SSAB; T9: H5 SSCR and T10: H5 SSAB. Experiments were laid out in a RCBD and CRD in the field and laboratory, respectively. Results revealed that the highest seed yield and quality of French bean was observed in H3. On the contrary, seed harvested in H4 and stored in cool room (with the mean temperature 18-20C and relative humidity around 60-70%) recorded the highest storability compared to ambient condition. However, seeds harvested in H3 and H5 were also showed better storability in cool room as well as ambient conditions. To sum up, all the seed quality parameters were satisfactorily well up to 12 months of storage then it declined in quality.


Objective To probe into the best culture technique and condition of HepG2. Methods Compare the resuscitation effect of dissolving in 40 ℃ advance plus 37 ℃ with the tradition 37 ℃ resuscitation method. Confirm the best serum content by observing the grow circus of HepG2 in different serum content culture medium. Choose the best separate time by observing the cell grown trend and proportion of life and death cell in different convergence degree. Choose the appropriate digest method by observing the digest effect of different digest method. Results The resuscitation livability of dissolve in 40 ℃ advance plus 37 ℃ resuscitation method (85.7%) is evidently higher than the tradition 37 ℃ resuscitation method( 68.4%). Cells grow well in DMEM that contain 10% fetal cattle serum. The trend of growth reach flat when convergence degree is 95%~100% . Life cells drop off and death cells gradually increase when convergence degree reached 100%. It is easy to control and have good digest effect that use PBS wash the cells advance then apply 0.25%trypsin to digest. Conclusion The culture of HepG2 can apply the 40 ℃ advance plus 37 ℃ resuscitation method, growing in DMEM that contain 12% fetal cattle serum, and apply PBS wash advance then 0.25% trypsin to digest when convergence degree reachs 95%~100%.


The epiglottis may contribute to upper airway obstruction in approximately 10% of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Clinical experience indicates that older patients may be more likely to have epiglottis‐related obstruction. This study was designed to examine tissue characteristics of the hyoepiglottic ligament as a possible factor in epiglottis‐related obstruction based on previous research suggesting that older adults have fewer collagen, elastin, and muscle fibers in the hyoepiglottic ligament.


The Role of the College President In Senior Management Evaluation Systems (September, 1981) James J. McCarthy B.A. , Fairfield University M.Ed. , Springfield College Ed t D, , University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor William Lauroesch This study was concerned with the role of the smallcollege president in determining both the function of senior administrator evaluation and the significance attached to that activity. The sample population (N = 18) included presidents, vice-presidents for academic affairs, and deans of student affairs in six small (under 5,000 FTE) public colleges in three New England states (Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire) . Each of the colleges in the sample is a unit of a multi-campus state system, and all have similar administrative structures. Data were collected by means of structured interview (two with each subject) and administration of an instrument to elicit views on the significance and function of both purposes and formats of senior management appraisal systems


This dissertation presents a new technique for representing digital pictures. The principal benefit of this representation is that it greatly simplifies the problem of finding the correspondence between components in the description of two pictures.
This representation technique is based on a new class of reversible transforms (the Difference of Low Pass or DOLP transform). A DOLP transform separates a signal into a set of band-pass components. The set of band-pass filters used in a DOLP transform are defined by subtracting adjacent members of a sequence of low-pass filters. This sequence of low-pass filters is formed by scaling a low-pass filter in size by an exponential set of scale factors. The result of these subtractions is a set of band-pass filters which are all scaled copies of a smallest band-pass filter.
Several techniques are presented for reducing the complexity of computing a DOLP transform. It is shown that as the each band-pass image can be resampled at a sample rate proportional to the scale of the band-pass image. This is called a Sampled DOLP transform. Resampling reduces the cost of computing a DOLP transform from O(N('2)) multiplies('1) to O(N Log N) multiplies and reduces the memory requirements from O(N Log N) storage elements to (DBLTURN) 3 N storage elements.
A fast algorithm for computing the DOLP transform is then presented. This algorithm, called "cascade convolution with expansion" is based on the auto-convolution scaling property of Gaussian functions. Cascaded convolution with expansion also reduces the cost of computing a DOLP transform to O(N Log N) multiplies. When combined with resampling, this fast algorithm can compute a Sampled DOLP transform in 3 X(,(CCIRC)) N multiplies.('2)
Techniques are then described for constructing a structural description of an image from its Sampled DOLP transform. The symbols in this description are detected by detecting local peaks and ridges in each band-pass image, and among all of the band-pass images. This description has the form of a tree of peaks, with the peaks interconnected by chains of symbols from the ridges. The tree of peaks has a structure which can be matched despite changes in size, orientation, or position of the gray scale shape that is described.
The tree of peaks permits the global shape of a gray-scale form^to be matched independently of the high resolution details of the^form. Thus it can be used for rapidly searching through a data base^of prototype descriptions for potential matches. This representation^is very efficient for finding the correspondence of components of^forms from two images. In such matching the peaks serves as the^tokens for which correspondence is determined. The^correspondence of peaks at each band-pass level constrain the^possible matches at the next, higher resolution image. This^representation can also be used to describe forms which are^textured or have blurry boundaries. Examples are presented in
which the descriptions of images of the same object are matched despite changes in the size and image plane orientation of the^object.
^^('1)N is the number of sample points in an image or signal.^('2)X(,(CCIRC)) is the number of coefficients in the smallest low-pass filter.


The present study is carried out to assess the effect of systemic pesticide triadimefon (WP) on physico-chemical features of cultivar Red delicious. The different parameters studied were pedicle, fruit length, width, length : width, total soluble solids (TSS), yield efficiency and average fruit yield. The treatment is applied at fruit development stage with different treatment concentrations ranging from 0. 00 to 0. 09% designed as control (0.00), T3C1, (0.03%), T3C2, (0.05%), T3C3, (0.07%) and T3C4, (0.09%). There is marked reduction in above mentioned parameters at T3C4, (0.09%) compared to control plants.


The book under review contains the series of lectures on Clifford Geometric Algebras presented at the 6th International Conference on Clifford Algebras and their Applications in Mathematical Physics, held in May, 2002, at Tennessee Technological University in Cookeville, Tennessee. Chapter 1 – Introduction to Clifford Algebras by Pertti Lounesto is devoted to the basic state of the author, namely "Clifford algebra is by definition the minimal construction designed to control the geometry in question". A concise, but coherent introduction to geometric algebras by thoroughly examining the Clifford product of two vectors, the definition of a bivector, and how these concepts are used to represent reflections and rotations in the plane and in higher dimensional spaces is given. The geometric significance of quaternions is explained first in three and then in four dimensions. It is shown how the more advanced concepts of spinors, exterior algebra and contraction, the Grassmann-Cayley algebra and shuffle product naturally evolve from the more basic concepts and also how the lower dimensional Clifford algebras can be represented in terms of the familiar algebra of square matrices. At the end several categorical definitions of Clifford algebras of a quadratic form are given, and their deformations to Clifford algebras of an arbitrary bilinear form. In Chapter 2 – Mathematical Structure of Clifford Algebras – the author Ian Porteous claims that the "control of the geometry" which is a property of each Clifford algebra follows directly from the close relationship to the corresponding classical group. It is shown how the Clifford algebras can be constructed from matrix algebras over the real numbers, complex numbers, or quaternions with famous periodicity of eight. Useful tables of their most important features, such as tables of the spinor groups, groups of motion, conjugation types, the general linear groups, and the corresponding dimensions of the associated Lie algebras. A brief history


"Pedestrian exposure" is defined as the exposure risk of pedestrians to collisions with motor vehicles. It is one of the important factors influencing pedestrian crashes. Because pedestrian exposure or even pedestrian volume counts are not readily available, population density is usually used as a substitute in pedestrian crash prediction models. Unfortunately, population density is not a good replacement for pedestrian exposure because it does not account for the amount of walking people do. This study investigates the relationship between the weekly pedestrian exposure in rural areas of Connecticut and factors such as population density, presence of sidewalks, number of lanes, area type, traffic control type, and median household income. General linear modeling and Tukey and Duncan multiple comparison of means methods are used to identify the significant factors. Only the number of lanes, area type, and sidewalk system significantly explain the variation in the resulting pedestrian exposure prediction model. This study suggests extra improvement in pedestrian facilities for the areas with high pedestrian exposure. Ongoing research will take advantage of the model to estimate pedestrian crash models in rural areas of New England.


This paper presents a new algorithm for attitude stabilization and spin control of small satellites using only electromagnetic actuation. The approach takes advantage of the time-varying nature of the problem (the geomagnetic field changes through the orbit) by using the most appropriate control effort (according to an energy-based criterion) given the geomagnetic field and the satellite angular velocity at each actuation instant. The proposed controller is simulated and the results are discussed and compared with other approaches presented in the literature.


The article describes the phenomenon of the electronic encyclopedia activity and investigates the electronic Internet encyclopedias created by the institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It has been discovered that electronic encyclopedias can be divided into several varieties, the main of which is online encyclopedias, which are highly distinguished in comparison with classical printed publications by the characteristics caused by the development of information technology. In accordance with this division, the national academic encyclopedic resources are characterized in the article. The idea of the importance of creating an online encyclopedia about the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is presented; it also argued that current online encyclopedias are not fully equipped with a wide range of technological opportunities for their use.


Previous investigations concerned with the characteristics of vocal fold lengthening during changes in fundamental frequency have used relatively large intervals among the phonated frequency levels. Also, only limited data exist for vocal fold length associated with the falsetto voice—or as a function of vocal intensity. The present study, by means of conventional laryngeal photography, furnished vocal fold length data (1) associated with small frequency increments (semitone steps) both for the modal and falsetto registers and (2) as a function of vocal intensity. Based on the obtained data, the following conclusions appear tenable: (1) As expected, the vocal folds become longer as f0 is increased in semitone steps within the modal register. However, this variation is neither linear nor smooth; indeed a "stairstep" function (with occasional reversals) most closely typifies this trend. (2) For the limited number of samples studied, variations of vocal intensity appear to have little affect on vocal fold le...


electrophoretic deposition process is studied. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a fairly rapid low cost process, capable of producing FGMs with continuous gradients. This paper reports on the processing of WC-Co-Ti(C,N) plates with a gradient in cobalt and Ti(C,N) by means of electrophoresis and subsequent cold isostatic pressing and liquid phase sintering. In order to create a symmetric gradient profile, a model for the EPD process was developed. The EPD model allows predicting the composition and slope of the gradient in the green as well as sintered material from the starting composition of the suspensions, the EPD operating parameters and the powder-specific EPD characteristics. The EPD model was applied to engineer WC-Co-Ti(C,N) FGM plates in order to create the optimal gradient profile. The resulting graded materials show a continuous variation in composition, microstructure and mechanical properties. In the specific illustrated examples, the Ti(C,N) content decreases from 5 wt% on the outer hard edge to almost 0 wt% in the tough bulk of the material whereas the cobalt content after sintering increases along the same direction from about 5-7 wt% to 10-15 wt%. The Vickers hardness HV10 is found to increase continuously from about 16.1 GPa in the bulk of the material to 18.1 GPa on the edge, whereas the fracture toughness decreases along the same direction from 8.8 to 6.6 MPa.m 1/2 .


This title of this research is the influence of employees personality, work stress dan decision making to organizational commitment at Limited Company of  Bhumyamca Sekawan in South Jakarta.This study used quantitative approach with survey methods and path analysis technique. The amount of population is 213 employees and using random sampling technique, so the total of sample is 70 employees calculated by slovin formulation Data that used in this research is quantitative data with path analysis methods to find out the path coefficient score. Based on the calculation and hypothesis test, can be concluded as these results: (1) personality has direct positive influence to decision making; (2) work stress has direct positive influence to decision making; (3) personality has direct positive influence to organizational commitment; (4) work stress has direct positive influence to organizational commitment; (5) decision making has direct positive influence to organizational commitment.
Keywords:  personality, work stress, decision making and organizational commitment


With increasing concerns regarding environmental sustainability, energy transition has emerged as a vital subtopic in transition studies. Such socio-technical transition requires social learning, which, however, is poorly conceptualized and explained in transition research. This paper overviews transition research on social learning. It attempts to portray how social learning has been studied in the context of energy transition and how research could be advanced. Due to the underdevelopment of the field, this paper employs a narrative review method. The review indicates two clusters of studies, which portray both direct and indirect links concerning the phenomena. The overview reveals that social learning is a force in energy transition and may occur at different levels of analysis, i.e., micro, meso, and macro, as well as different orders of learning. The author proposes to develop the academic research on the topic through quantitative and mixed-methods research as well as contributions and insights from disciplines other than sociology and political science. Some relevant topics for further inquiry can be clustered around: orders of social learning and their antecedents in energy transition; boundary-spanning roles in social learning in the context of energy transition; social learning triggered by stories about energy transition; and other theoretical underpinnings of energy transition research on social learning.


Proper extraction of words from handwritten documents is a tedious task. In this paper we discuss an effective method for binarization of handwritten document images. Document binarization is a preprocessing step for the recognition of offline handwritten words. Various techniques used for binarization are discussed in this paper. The proposed method is evaluated and got good results. This approach is developed as part of the development of offline Malayalam handwritten word recognition. This work is inspired by Sauvola, Niblack and Otsu.


We discuss a possible measurement of the ratio of the nucleon structure functions, Fn 2 /F p 2 , and the ratio of up to down quark distributions, u/d, at large x, by performing deep inelastic electron scattering from the H and He mirror nuclei with the 11 GeV upgraded beam of Jefferson Lab. The measurement is expected to be almost free of nuclear effects, which introduce a significant uncertainty in the extraction of these two ratios from deep inelastic scattering off the proton and deuteron. The results are expected to test perturbative and non-perturbative mechanisms of spin-flavor symmetry breaking in the nucleon, and constrain the structure function parametrizations needed for the interpretation of high energy e-p, p-p and p-p̄ collider data. The precision of the expected data can also allow for testing competing parametrizations of the nuclear EMC effect and provide valuable constraints on models of its dynamical origin. Invited talk presented at the International Workshop on the Nucleon Structure in High x-Bjorken Region (HiX2000) Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA March 30 April 1, 2000 Work supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation, and the Australian Research Council.


The present article addresses infant games, trying to explain relation with culture. It also  highlights its importance and its relationship with other elements such as space, social division by age and sex, and implications between social classes Keywords: infantil games, culture, social classes


Occult Overdose Masquerading as Sudden Cardiac Death: From the POstmortem Systematic InvesTigation of Sudden Cardiac Death Study Background: Overdose deaths have increased dramatically in the past decade to become the leading cause of injury-related death nationally (1). Although many overdose cases are obvious, with history of ingestion or evidence of drug use at the scene, others may present occultly as out-ofhospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), with an emergency medical services (EMS) primary impression of cardiac arrest but no history or overt signs of overdose. Recognition and characterization of these occult overdose OHCA deaths are critical for accurate estimates of overdose mortality and to inform public health measures, especially in the context of the ongoing opioid epidemic. Objective: To characterize occult overdose OHCA deaths by comparing their characteristics with all other causes of OHCA deaths, with classification of primary intoxicants and whether they were prescribed. Methods and Findings: We conducted this case-series analysis of the POST SCD (POstmortem Systematic InvesTigation of Sudden Cardiac Death) Study (2), in which all OHCA deaths among persons aged 18 to 90 years that were attended by EMS from 1 February 2011 to 1 March 2014 in San Francisco, California, received full autopsies; comprehensive postmortem blood toxicologic analysis; and adjudication of cause of death by an expert panel consisting of the medical examiner, a cardiac pathologist, a neurologist, and 2 cardiologists/cardiac electrophysiologists. The OHCA deaths were defined by using Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival and World Health Organization criteria. After exclusions, 541 persons with sudden cardiac death were identified, of whom 525 (97%) underwent autopsy and were included in the initial POST SCD cohort. The extended cohort of the ongoing POST SCD study uses the same inclusion and exclusion criteria, but after March 2014, not all persons with OHCA death received autopsies. From 1 March 2014 to 31 December 2017, 242 persons with OHCA death (approximately one third of OHCA deaths) had autopsies according to medical examiner availability. We compared characteristics of adjudicated occult overdose OHCA deaths, which required lethal toxicologic levels without autopsy evidence of other causes of sudden death, with all other (nonoverdose) causes. A board-certified medical toxicologist reviewed toxicology reports to determine drug classes and metabolites: opioids, stimulants, nonopioid sedatives, psychiatric medications, and cannabinoids. We compared available medication lists and health records for the year before death with toxicology results to classify occult overdose deaths as 1) prescription-related overdose (recent prescriptions for medications that may have contributed to overdose and present on toxicologic analysis) and 2) non–prescription-related overdose. Of 525 autopsied OHCA deaths in the initial cohort, 79 (15%) were adjudicated as occult overdose; of 242 autopsied deaths in the extended cohort, 54 (22.3%) were adjudicated as occult overdose. Compared with persons with nonoverdose OHCA deaths, those with overdose deaths were younger and more commonly White or Black than Asian or Latino (Table). The most common drug classes were opioids (68.4% and 48.1% for the initial and extended periods, respectively), sedative-hypnotics (49.4% and 51.9%), and stimulants (48.1% and 51.9%) (Figure). Most persons with overdose death tested positive for multiple intoxicants (75.9% of persons in the initial period and 55.6% in the extended period). Most opioid overdose deaths involved sedative-hypnotic, stimulant, or psychiatric medica-


. The generic vanishing theorem asserts that general topologically trivial line bundles on a compact K¨ahler manifold have vanishing higher coho- mology. We present an algebraic proof, due to Hacon, of the generic vanishing theorem on smooth projective complex varieties.


By analogy with other tissues in which calcium transport is a major function, we have proposed that Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase of dental pulp may function as part of a calcium transport mechanism, to supply the calcium necessary for calcification of dentin (Guo and Messer, Arch. Oral Biol. 21, 637, 1976). To define the role of the ATPase more precisely, the cellular localization of the enzyme in pulp must be known. Histochemically, the greatest ATPase activity is associated with the odontoblast and subodontoblast layers. However, there are major difficulties associated with histochemical assessment of pulpal ATPase activity related to optimum pH and divalent cation activation, and the problem of precise quantitation in different cell layers. By using fetal bovine incisors to provide pulps of sufficient size, we have been able to fractionate pulps into three layers, and to assay the fractions separately for ATPase under optimal biochemical conditions. Alkaline phosphatase activity was also determined in the same preparations for comparison with the distribution of ATPase. Primary incisor teeth were obtained from freshly-killed bovine fetuses of approximately 33 weeks' gestation. The teeth had reached the stage of early root formation and were actively forming dentin. Each tooth was split longitudinally, and the pulp was removed. Odontoblasts were obtained by lightly scraping the pulpal surface of dentin with a dental curette (odontoblasts adhere to the dentin rather than pulp when the pulp is removed). Peripheral pulp cells were obtained by ficin treatment of removed pulps (Miller, et aL, In Vitro 12, 580, 1976), and the dislodged cells were harvested by centrifugation at 200 x g for 5 minutes and washed twice with ammonium chloride-Tris to remove erythrocytes (Boyle, Transplant. 6, 761, 1968). Samples of central pulp were obtained by dissection from removed pulps. Cells from each of the three areas were homogenized in ice-cold barbital buffer (7.5 mM, pH 7.4), and centrifuged at 1000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble remnants. ATPase activity of the cell homogenates was


A novel Cu(II)-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction of N′-aryl acylhydrazines and dialkyl phosphites has been developed for the synthesis of phosphorylhydrazides by using NMO as an external oxidant and AgNO3 as additive. Various N′-aryl acylhydrazines were mildly and regioselectively converted to corresponding phosphorylhydrazides with good to excellent yields.


Neutral electrodes (grounding plates used in electrosurgical operations) were tested with thermo cameras in volunteers experiments. These experiments are difficult to perform and expensive. A new test device swaroTEST with a measuring board "electronic skin" simulates the relevant electrical features of human skin to replace volunteer experiments. This device consists of a three dimensional resistor network representing the electric features of the skin and muscle tissue, and a temperature sensing array (one transistor for each cm²) to measure the resultant temperature increase after a standardized current load (700 mA hf current during 60 s, proposed in the relevant AAMI HF-18 standard). The comparison of test results with thermo camera images of volunteer experiments showed a sufficient coincidence, which proves the applicability of this test device to replace volunteer experiments.