The energy arbitrage prospects for battery energy storage systems differ under zonal and nodal market designs. We emphasize that batteries that relieve congestion are able to privately capture the economic benefit they create from their actions under nodal market designs. We show that in Australia's zonal National Electricity Market (NEM), energy arbitrage opportunities have been increasing, coincident with renewable energy penetration. Further, we find that substantially greater energy arbitrage opportunities would exist if the NEM is to transition to a nodal market design. We conclude by discussing the investment drivers behind the five pioneering batteries in the NEM and future challenges regarding the economics and regulation of storage and flexible load assets.


The invention relates to methods NEW COMPOUNDS SYNTHETIC TRIS (anhydride) S bicyclic useful as intermediates in the synthesis of biologically active compounds, and those compounds which may be synthesized from Intermediaries.


In the World Health conference at Geneva called for specific action to halt this epidemic [2]. Overweight and obesity can lead to a wide array of health and social consequences. Childhood overweight appears to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors such a high blood pressure; hyperlipidemia, elevated insulin levels [3] and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes). Other comorbidities include asthma and orthopedic problems as well as a variety of more rare disorders [3,4]. Ultimately overweight in childhood is associated with premature mortality especially if combined with intrauterine growth retardation Small For Gestacional Age (SGA). The psychological well-being and the quality of life can also be affected [3,5,6]. Díez López I* Pediatric endocrinology Unit, Basque Country University, Basque *Corresponding author: Díez López I, Pediatric endocrinology Unit, Basque Country University, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria, Basque, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Automatic target generation process (ATGP) has been used in a wide range of applications in hyperspectral image analysis. It performs a sequence of orthogonal subspace projections to extract potential targets of interest. This letter presents a recursive version of the ATGP, which is referred to as the recursive ATGP (RATGP) and has three advantages over the ATGP as follows: 1) there is no need of inverting a matrix as the ATGP does for finding each new target; 2) there is a significant reduction in the computational complexity in the hardware design due to its recursive structure; and 3) there is an automatic stopping rule that can be derived by the Neyman-Pearson detection theory to terminate the algorithm.


Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation plays a vital role in the field of array signal processing. However, the need for heavy computing tasks in most traditional DOA algorithms, e.g., multiple signal classification (MUSIC), makes their engineering practicality significantly compromised in satellite communication systems. The neuroevolution of augmenting topologies (NEAT) can quickly search for appropriate topologies and weights of neural network functions, but its computational complexity is still too high for satellite systems. This paper proposes a modified NEAT architecture featuring a recurrent structure (RNEAT) that only needs a small number of phase components of the received signal covariance matrix as inputs to reduce the complexity and simplify the neural network architecture. The proposed RNEAT incorporated with multiple signal classification (RNEAT-MUSIC) can be easy to achieve high resolution and low complexity simultaneously. Validation has been done by applying the proposed method in a two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation (2D-DOA) problem. Results show that the proposed RNEAT-MUSIC efficiently restricts the scanning region before forwarding the covariance matrix to the MUSIC stage. Consequently, the computational workload is reduced by 3/4 compared with the traditional 2D-MUSIC algorithm while maintaining good DoA resolution.


Indirect speech act,as a typical phenomenon in language use,is used to express in a polite manner what is said,especially orders,refusal,criticism and hints.In Japanese movie dialogues,which often take the shape of conversations,indirect speech act plays a big and important part,which reflects Japanese people's personality,thoughts,psychology and the Japanese culture.


In order to develop the first real-time network of remote sensors installed on continuous welded rail to detect defects, two companies are working with Maryland Transit Administration. This article explains how the system will work.


This study investigates the robust variance control problem of neutral systems, taking parameter uncertainties and time delays into account. By introducing algebraic manipulations and appropriate uncertainty descriptions, the purpose of this problem is to design a static-state feedback controller that does not depend on the parameter uncertainties, such that not only the steady-state variance of each state is not more than the individual pre-specified value but also that the resulting closed-loop system is asymptotically stable simultaneously. Using the linear matrix inequality approach, the existence conditions of such controllers are derived. Furthermore, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


In this paper,the optimum of tensioning force and the reasonable construction state are decided through restricted iterative calculation,and a simulative computation is realized of cable-stayed bridge through the finite element analysis software ANSYS,in order to popularize this method.


Hippelates pusio Loew, H. bishoppi Sabrosky, and H. PALLIPES (Loew) (Diptera: Chloropidae) from North Carolina were examined by starch gel electrophoresis for 5 enzymes: esterase, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, "leucine" aminopeptidase, NAD dependent malic dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. Both similarities and differences in electrophoretic patterns among the species were noted. The esterase and aminopeptidase patterns from larval extracts apparently were distinguishing characteristics of all 3 species. The other enzymes were less species-specific.


A broadbeam ion source for ion implantation has been developed. The features of this source include high current density, large beam spot area, and good beam current density uniformity. It can be equipped with a single or multiaperture ion extraction system and can be operated over energy and current ranges of 3–120 keV and 1–60 mA, respectively. Ion beam current densities ranging from 10–500 μA/cm2 and beam spot diameter ranging from 8 to 25 cm are measured at a target location 60 cm downstream from the source. The drift in beam current is less than ±3% with simple unregulated power supply. Many gases, such as nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, oxygen, and other gaseous compounds, can be implanted with this source. A dual‐beam dynamic recoil ion mixing system equipped with this kind of source has been built. By using this machine a good mixture between a deposited Mo film and Fe in the Cr4Mo4V steel substrate has been made at near room temperature. Implantation at high dose rates as high as 300 μA/cm2 has been s...


Cloud based storage is increasing in popularity, with large volumes of data being stored remotely. Digital forensics investigators examining such systems remotely are limited by bandwidth constraints when accessing this kind of data using traditional tools. This paper explores the potential for sub-file hashing strategies to decrease the time taken to detect contraband on networked storage devices, while maintaining a high degree of accuracy. Results show that sub-file hashing is faster than full file hashing for both LAN and Internet server configurations, with reduced bandwidth heavily favouring sub-file strategies.


In a study by Izard (1960) a significant positive relationship between EPPS need autonomy and resistance to change was reported for male Ss, but no such relationship was obtained for female Ss. The author offered numerous interpretations for this result but did not include the possibility that the scale is unreliable for females. If autonomy as operationalized by the EPPS is not salient for such a group because of culcural factors, responses to these items could well be inconsistent. The results reported by Izard could then be understood in terms of the lack of reliability of the autonomy scale for females. The above formulation could easily be tested by obtaining reliability estimates of the scale for both sexes. Edwards (1954) obtained an internal consistency coefficient of .76 for need autonomy, bu t the correlation was for the sexes combined. Thirty-two male and 23 female university students took the EPPS. The reliability of the autonomy scale was determined by the split-half method. The correlations, corrected by the Spearman-Brown prophesy formula, were .76 for males and .28 for females. It was felt that the result for females warranted replication. Two additional samples were chosen, one composed of the scores for 100 females, the other the scores for 50 females. For these analyses, the general Kuder-Richardson formula was used. The correlations for the two female groups were .67 and .75, respectively. On the basis of these data, it is concluded that Izard's (1960) failure to establish the validity of EPPS need autonomy for females probably cannot be attributed to the unreliability of the scale. The scale may well be as reliable for one sex as the other, yet, in light of the finding with the first sample, caution dictates the determination of reliability estimates for one's own Ss.


This is a text in which scholars discuss some of the issues associated with conducting qualitative research via the internet. The editors address six broad questions, one per chapter. The book would be a useful addition to a graduate course on qualitative internet research.


Fiber optics is well established today due to the high capacity and speed, unrivaled flexibility and quality of service. However, state of the art optical elements and components are hardly scalable in terms of cost and size required to achieve competitive port density and cost per bit. Next-generation high-speed coherent optical communication systems targeting a data rate of 100-Gb/s and beyond goes along with innovations in component and subsystem areas. Consequently, by leveraging the advanced silicon micro and nano-fabrication technologies, significant progress in developing CMOS platform-based silicon photonic devices has been made all over the world. These achievements include the demonstration of high-speed IQ modulators, which are important building blocks in coherent optical communication systems. In this paper, we demonstrate silicon photonic QPSK modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor structure, address different modulator configuration structures and report our progress and research associated with highspeed advanced optical modulation in silicon photonics


Different technological solutions can meet the same human need. One way to heat a house is a nuclear power plant supplying a resistive heater. Another way is a solar collector and ample insulation. These technologies can be compared on the basis of cost. They can also be compared on the basis of other factors such as self-dependence, encouragement of self-reliance, or evironmental effects. Is a solar heated house desirable simply because the owner can understand it and build it herself/himself and because it does not pollute? This course will consider whether a so-called intermediate technology, on the one hand, meets relevant human physical needs and, on the other hand, actually brings with it desirable personal and social benefits.


In the educational context, the term pedagogical documentation refers to a dynamic of a controversial nature, involving relationships between institutions, adults, children, families and the community. The practice of documentation, as a strategy and methodological procedure, involves actions to plan, observe, record, reflect, evaluate and replan. Although we can identify, in this practice, principles coming from different educational proposals of the past, we recognize that the project of a group of educational institutions of the childhood of Reggio Emilia (Italy), by assuming the pedagogical documentation as one of the axis of its work, has deepened its specificity. It is recognized that the documentation carried out in the daily life of early childhood education is related to memory resources and communicative, reflective and evaluative practices, since, in the current context, the pedagogical proposals cannot do without observation and accompaniment of the development, learning and knowledge processes of boys and girls. The work that is presented emphasizes the evaluative dimension of the pedagogical documentation, an aspect that is highlighted in most of the publications consulted in a survey on the theme. In this scope, it is intended to discuss the specificity and pertinence of the evaluation in the documentation processes, bringing partial results of a bibliographic research that aimed to describe concepts and evaluation practices. To this end, the bibliographic survey conducted by Gontijo and Portugal (2018) in the Scopus, Eric and WoS databases was resumed, and a new search conducted on the same platforms and on the Capes and Rcaap portals was added, from January to August 2018. In the first survey (2013 to 2017), it was found that in thirteen selected articles, eight established a relationship between pedagogical documentation and evaluation; in the second, four articles were identified that addressed the same theme. At the end of this work, pedagogical documentation is understood not as an evaluation technique, but as an experience that involves evaluation from a formative perspective. More than that, the documentation includes observation, records and emphasizes the interpretation and reflection by teachers as essential actions in the understanding of the experiences and behaviors of children, to launch new questions and new proposals for the learning and development of children and educational practice.


The subject of the study is to understand the phenomenon of creativity, and the purpose is to provide recommendations for its diagnosis and development of creative abilities. Creativity is currently one of the most sought-after skills according to the forecasts of analysts of the World Economic Forum. The methodological basis of the research is the theoretical and practical results known in science in the psychology of creativity and the story-game concept of reality. Particular attention is paid to the identification in the works on the definition and diagnosis of creativity of their ontological connection with the story-game paradigm, which also intersects meaningfully with studies on situational semantics. A comparative and critical analysis of the basic concepts in these approaches is carried out. The main conclusions of the study are as follows. When teaching any subject, it is useful to diagnose the type of thinking of the audience, periodically offer various tasks that require little time, but develop analytical and creative thinking at the same time, requiring the use of broad categories, synthetics of perception of the environment and a high level of cognitive flexibility, the ability to understand and form metaphors, free association of meanings, interpretations of any text, picture, phenomenon; that is, in fact, it is teaching a creative and playful attitude to various problems. The story-game approach, both in training and in any field of activity, makes it possible to optimally maintain a balance between following the patterns – the "rules of the games" of nature and society and original, creative behavior.


The article proposes a new interpretation of the denouement of «A Common Story» by Ivan Goncharov. Based on the analysis of many implicit details, it is hypothesised that the heroes' return to their own «I», hidden both from themselves and from the reader in the epilogue of the novel rather than the rebirth of heroes (the «sensitive» nephew and the «cold» uncle). This conclusion changes the perspective of the consideration of «A Common Story» in the context of European literature and considers it necessary to clarify the existing typological characteristics of «A Common Story» (a novel of upbringing, a novel of «loss of illusions»). Ivan Goncharov's confl ict between people and society, which is characteristic of the European romance tradition, gets a more optimistic interpretation: the idea of a tragic, hopeless confrontation between the individual and society leaves the text. The confl ict with the outside world is considered in relation to the internal contradictions of the heroes and is overcome on the path to knowing oneself: Aduev Jr. concentrates on «career and fortune», Aduev-uncle refuses service and work for the sake of his wife's health and hope for a belated gaining family happiness.


Adopted Gastrodia elata distant hybridization to explore the influence on Gastrodia elata output and quality.Gastrodia elata have several varieties,such as Hongganzhushima、Xiangqianyeshengwuganma、Zhuixingma、Fubeijiazaihongganjiaobanma,and the local wild crow Wuganmuzhima etc..Through hybridization which include once mating,backcross and double mating and time and again mating between these varieties,cultivates y1、y2 and y3 the three hybrids descendants.The y1、y2 and y3 have the heterosis in the output and the quality in many years'cultivation.


The Internet of Things (IOT), extensions of the Internet into everything in the real world, enables computation all over the world. Albeit important, very few studies intended to predict the IoT market. In order to forecast the IoT market effectively with very few data, the GM(1,1) based Grey forecasting model was introduced. Thus, the authors developed a GM (1,1) Grey system based pilot study for future short term wind power forecasting. The accurate predictions of the IoT market by using the GM(1,1) Grey forecasting method can serve as the basis for market analysis as well as strategic planning. An empirical study based on the real 2007-2011 worldwide IoT market data being provided by a leading market research institute has demonstrated the efficiency of the GM(1,1) based forecast mechanism. In the future, the GM(1,1) based forecast mechanism can further be applied to the forecast problems based on very limited time spans. Based on the forecast results, the IoT market will be over $700 billion in year 2020. The forecast error is 2.58%. The empirical study results being obtained in this research indicate that the proposed GM(1,1) based approach is a promising alternative for predicting the very short time series.


In the summer of 2000, at age 33, John Rogers was named as one of the youngest department managers ever at the famed invention shop, Bell Laboratories in Mur-ray Hill, New Jersey. But within months, he was caught in the middle of what he calls " a complete disaster. " Shortly after Rogers took the helm of his department, a Bell Labs post-doc and physicist named Jan Hendrik Schön joined the lab's full-time staff. Schön was already a hotshot at Bell Labs and beyond. In a series of high-profi le papers, Schön and Bell Labs colleagues reported a steady stream of advances illuminating the way electric charges move through organic crystals. They saw superconductivity, the fractional quantum Hall effect, laserlike behavior—each advance more dramatic than the last. Conference invitations poured in. There were even rumors of a possible Nobel Prize. Then it all came crashing down. In the autumn of 2002, Schön was found to have faked experimental results in at least 17 published papers (including six in Science). " It was off-the-charts awful, " Rogers recalls. " I hadn't managed a postdoc before, much less a department, much less a monster. " His anger over what he considers Schön's betrayal remains fresh. To make matters worse, Lucent Technol-ogies—then Bell's parent company—was in the process of imploding fi nancially, forcing managers to shed staff members and talent. Rogers says that at the time he wasn't overly concerned that Schön's misdeeds would contaminate him. " I was more concerned about the taint on the lab. It didn't affect Lucent's decisions [to cut research staff members]. But it didn't help. " Shortly after news of the fraud broke in the summer of 2002, Bell Labs investigated and ultimately fi red Schön (Science, 4 October 2002, p. 30). And in December 2002, Rogers left Bell Labs to take an academic position at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, in hopes of giving his career a fresh start. Rogers hasn't just survived—he has thrived. Running a lab with some 40 students and postdocs and working with colleagues and collaborators around the world, Rogers has pioneered a new approach to pattern-ing conventional fl at, rigid semiconductors, such as silicon, atop lightweight, fl exible surfaces of nearly any type and shape. That advance is ushering in a new era of lighting, medical equipment, and solar cells that are all quickly moving to commercialization and garnering Rogers plenty …


The combustion oil consumption for a farm transport machinery is a mai n one of consumption items. By means of drawing a equivalent model from process of the farm transportation, two models were put forward. Further, the math model s of the combustion oil consumption of the farm transport machineries were estab lished. The factors of structure and utilization futures for transport machineri es were constructed in these ones. It also proved that the models were reasonabl e by practical tests on road.


Improved cylinder variable suspension, comprising a telescopic cylinder, comprising an outer jacket and two concentric telescopic pistons, presenting inside a gas chamber and compressed as elastic alternatively hydraulic fluid chamber. Telescoping pistons are operatively suitable to act only one when the vehicle is unladen and act both when the vehicle has the maximum load.


In order to evaluate the operational stability of large-scale low-head pumps in design and off-design conditions,based on the basic design theory of blade pumps,main factors affecting their hydraulic stabilities are analyzed,including inlet pre-swirl,outlet circulation axial-vortex and flow separation.Starting from the fundamental equations of blade pumps,a new concept of optimized operational condition was presented.According to the pump energy performances the equations of calculating turbulent losses for appraising pump hydraulic instability are formulated.Some calculations of various specific speeds are made to compare the measured pressure fluctuations with the calculated turbulent losses,and the identical results are obtained.It indicates that the methodology of pump operational stability appraisal by means of energy performances is feasible and realizable.


Based on description some features of DMC aerial photographs,this thesis expounds application of digital photogrammetry system into the production flow and the achievement of technical lines of making digital orthophoto map,discusses some technical requirements about the field work and aerial triangulation solution,illustrating the feasibility that using the DMC images to make large-scale orthophoto production.Finally,the thesis illustrates,by the example,that the process is feasible using DMC image to make large-scale orthophoto map.


The microstruectures of Fe-Mn-Co and Fe-Mn-Co-Mo alloys in various conditions of heat treatment have been studied using optical and thin foil transmission electron microscopy techniques. After homogenizing in the austenite phase field, the structure at room temperature is lath martensite (bcc-alpha-martensite, and cph-epsilon martensite) or lath martensito and retained austenite. The influence of ageing on the matrix structure has been examined in detail by volume fraction phase analysis using X-ray diffraction. The marten-sitic structure can be strengthened by ageing at temperatures in the range 350° - 500°C. The precipitates responsible for this strengtheningwere tentatively identified as fee X - phase and a hexagonal phase(A[3]B typG), Ovcraging in those alloys is mainly due to the reversion of the matrix to austenite. The effect of ageing on the ductility and toughness of the alloys has shown that embrittlement occurs as a resultof ageing in the temperature range between 350°- 500°C, Improvement in toughness of the alloys can be achieved by ageing above the embrittlement range without severely reducing the strength of the alloys.The influence of deformation on the matrix structure both at room temperature and -196°C was also investigated. The relationship between mechanical properties and matrix structure after deformation and deformation and ageing has also been studied. The best combination of strength and toughness was achieved by a deformation and ageing process. This was due to a combination of the precipitate dispersion in a fine substructure.


This paper presents an indirect adaptive control scheme for continuous-time systems. The estimated plant model is controllable while the estimation model is free from singularities. Such singularities are avoided through a modification of the estimated plant parameter vector so that its associated Sylvester matrix is guaranteed to be nonsingular. This property is achieved by ensuring that the absolute value of its determinant does not lie below a prescribed positive threshold. A switching rule is used in the estimates modification algorithm to ensure the controllability of the modified estimated model while avoiding possible chattering. For that purpose, the switching rule takes values at two possible distinct prefixed thresholds. In the event when the Sylvester determinant takes the current value of the switching function then that one switches to
the alternative threshold. The convergence of both the unmodified and modified
estimates to finite limits guarantees that switching ends in finite time. Thus, the solution to the controlled plant exist so that all the signals within the loop are well-posed.


Since Menetrier's classic description of giant hypertrophic gastritis (GHG) in 1888 there have been a number of reports concerning pathological and radiological patterns of this illness (Jeffries, 1978; Chusid et al., 1964). Clinically it has been established that hypoproteinaemia can occur in these patients because of excessive intraluminal losses of plasma protein (Schindler, 1963; Citrin et al., 1957; Overholt and Jeffries, 1970). Patients with GHG may present with epigastric pain, vomiting, fluid retention or even gastrointestinal bleeding. Carcinoma has been reported as appearing in the follow up of cases of GHG (Chusid et al.., 1964; Rubin and Fink, 1967). Although the enlarged mucosal folds can be demonstrated at upper gastrointestinal studies, and the findings are very suggestive of GHG, only a full thickness surgical biopsy will confirm the diagnosis (Schindler, 1963). The angiographic pattern of GHG has not been described, so far, and we think that angiography may be useful in the diagnosis and ...


The effect of different mass transfer ways in landfill leachate treatment by electrochemical oxidation was studied, the electrochemical oxidation rate, current efficiency and energy consumption were mainly discussed by four different mass transfer ways—including higher pressure water jet electrode, aeration, mixing and natural convection. The results show that mass transfer way has an important influence for NH4+-N and CODcr removal in electrochemical oxidation landfill leachate, high pressure water jet has high current efficiency, oxidation rate and lower energy consumption, which is 7.41 mg/L.min, 48% and 0.11 Kwh/gNH4+-N in electrolytic 6 hours, respectively. Different mass transfer ways have different mass transfer coefficient, improving mass transfer coefficient could increase transfer rate and the overall efficiency of system.


[Objective] To determine and compare the content of polysaccharides in tricholoma,plenrotus eryngii,white hypsizygus marmoreus and hypsizygus marmoreus.[Method]The polysaccharides obtained from four different edible fungus were extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method.By using phenol-sulfuric acid method,glucose as the standard,the content of polysaccharides of the four different edible fungus were determined.[Result] The standard curve for glucose showed good linear,and its standard equation was y = 7.723 5x + 0.026 3,r = 0.997 8,and the content of polysaccharides in tricholoma,plenrotus eryngii,white hypsizygus marmoreus and hypsizygus marmoreus were 15.63%,52.38%,33.57%,31.79%.[Conclusion] The method is simple,accurate,and it has good stability.The content of polysaccharides were rich in the four different edible fungus,and plenrotus eryngii contained the highest content of polysaccharide among the four different edible fungus,and tricholoma contained the lowest content of polysaccharide,and the content of polysaccharides in white hypsizygus marmoreus and hypsizygus marmoreus were equal.


In this paper, we propose a ring-based P2P-VPN (Peer-to-Peer Virtual Private Network) that provides a secure and reliable network to a large number of virtual organizations. The ring-based P2P-VPN establishes VPN by logically connecting nodes that operate autonomously in a ring topology. The ring-based P2P-VPN has an advantage of a high scalability in terms of the number of VPNs accommodated. In this paper, we quantitatively evaluate the performance of ring-based P2P-VPN using mathematical analysis. Through numerical examples, we show that the ring-based P2P-VPN shows satisfactory performance in terms of, for example, VPN construction time and TCP throughput for a relatively small number of VPN nodes.


The present invention discloses a glass melting furnace card neck linear stirring device comprising a rotary holder, the rotary shaft, the rotary arm, connecting rod, stirring bar, vertical bar and so stirring, the arm rotation shaft rotated rotational movement, the connecting rod the rotary motion into linear motion, linear motion drive stirring bar level, along the flow direction of the molten glass may be provided a plurality of means present. The present invention is of simple structure, low cost, the conventional horizontal rotary agitation by stirring linearly changing link device mode, the stirring port can be blocked, greatly reducing the loss of heat neck of the card; a plurality of groups means the vertical sync liquid linear motion back and forth direction of flow, improve the quality of the glass stirring.


ABSTRACT This article analyzes the Chinese retailing industry since 1981. Three phases of development are identified. Phase I (1981–1990) was dominated by state-owned retailers and the system of planned economy was the key force driving the dynamics of the sector. Phase II (1991–2000) witnessed diversification in terms of ownership structure and format of operation. Market mechanism gained the central position in attracting investments from various sources and opening chain stores was the most popular practice in business expansion. Phase III (2001–2005) featured the profound momentum for globalization. As domestic and international players became more active and aggressive, retailing in China experienced more concentration, with merger and acquisition applied as the primary means of expansion.


The majority of endocrine malignancies are thyroid cancer (TC), which accounts for more than 90% and contributes to more than 50% of all deaths from endocrine cancers (Gilfillan 2010; Aschebrook-Kilfoy et al., 2011). The exact etiology of TC remains unknown, but exposure to ionizing radiation at a young age is the best-known and only verified risk factor (Papadopoulou et al., 2008). However, most TC patients do not have a history of radiation exposure, and studies reported that gene polymorphisms including DNA repair genes influence on thyroid cancer susceptibility (Gudmundsson et al., 2012; Endrzejewski et al., 2012), genetic variations in DNA repair genes are thought to modify DNA repair capacity and related to cancer risk (Alberg et al., 2013), indicating that potential predisposing genetic factors may modify an individual's susceptibility to TC. Most TC are differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), which account for >90% of thyroid malignancies. Pathologically, DTC include papillary, follicular and Hürthle cell carcinoma. Thus far, predisposed families and association studies have revealed several genomic loci that may harbor causative genes for susceptibility of non-medullary TC (Bonora et al., 2010), suggesting a high level of genetic heterogeneity for this tumor (Khan et al., 2010).


Under the anaerobic condition,the changes of available phosphate in Jilin,Sichuan,Jiangxi and Guangdong paddies were determined,and the effect of EDTA,fulvic acid and iron oxides on available phosphate concentration in different paddies was also measured.The results showed that the release of available phosphate was different in different slurries.The amount of available phosphate,like Fe(Ⅱ),increased with the increase of anaerobic incubation time.It showed that anaerobic incubation might increase the concentration of available phosphate.Available phosphate concentrations in these four paddy slurries were significantly lower than control when iron oxides were added to them.EDTA and fulvic acid may increase available phosphate concentration in Jilin,Sichuan,Jiangxi paddy slurries,but can affect slightly on Guangdong paddy slurries.


The crossed cube, which is introduced by Efe, possesses some properties superior to the hypercube. In this paper, we show that for any n ges 4, there are two edge-disjoint Hamiltonian paths in the n-dimensional crossed cube. Furthermore, there are two edge-disjoint spanning trees and two edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles in the n-dimensional crossed cube.


In mean field approximation, we study a chiral soliton of the linear sigma model with two flavors at finite temperature and density. The stable soliton solutions are calculated with some appropriate boundary conditions. Energy and radius of the soliton are determined in a hot medium of constituent quarks. It is found that for $T T_c$, there is a sharp delocalization phase transition from hadron matter to quark matter coincident with the restoration of chiral symmetry. In the transition region, the thermodynamic properties show large discontinuities which is an indication for a first-order phase transition.


By means of carrying out investigation and research of seismology and geology,in Huoshan area,Anhui Province,the author found abundant deformational phenomenon since the Later- Quaternary,which the fault of the basin edge constituted fault trigonal plane,a series of faults trending NE and including fresh gouge developed in ridgy area,local deformation occurred in the the Middle Pleistocene in the Huoshan basin.The current deformational relics of the faults show that tectonic deformation since the Later- Quaternary in the area has continuity and oneness.Based on micro- ultramicroscopic deformation analysis and systematic dating results of fault materials on different observation spots,the author discussed the identifications about the tectonic activity frequency,the sliding behavior and palaeoearthquake events.The results show that there are many times stick creep events have taken place in the area during the Later- Quaternary.Combining with results of deep detection such as seismic tomography,the author carried out discussion of the deep medium conduction of the earthquake in the research area at last.


An outdoor measurement campaign was undertaken with a dual circularly polarized (CP) contrawound quadrifilar helix antenna (CQHA) at the receiver terminal in a low-elevation land mobile satellite multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system. The CQHA is a combination of two colocated miniaturized quadrifilar helix antennas and feeding networks. Performance of the CQHA was then evaluated and compared to spatially separated reference antennas in terms of measured correlation and capacity. Measurement results indicate that CQHA has the same performance as the reference antennas in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment, while in obstructed-LOS (OLOS) areas, proper orientation of the CQHA is required to achieve nearly the same capacity as the reference antennas .


In the modern battlefield, Radar is one of the most important equipment in the field of information access and precision-guided, battlefield targets face increasing radar threat, the application of radar stealth technology can improve the survivability of the target to some extent. But the development of radar stealth technology with tank for typical ground weapon is slow, especially to the existing ground weapon. This paper analyzes the distribution of radar scattering characteristics of the existing tank, and the deformable member for shape stealth for existing tank is designed, the results prove that the RCS of tank can be preferably reduced with the deformable members.


The neuronal mechanism linking the association between maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) and risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and working memory deficits in children was investigated.


The remaining remarks concern apparent discrepancies with respect to the number of patients listed in Tables I , 3, 5, and 6 and in the surgical result section. Tables 1, 2, and 3 list 60 patients with temporal lobe seizures and 22 patients with extratemporal seizure origin, which is also stated in the text. Tables 5 and 6 were added to the article in the revised version, according to a request made by one of the referees. The different numbers can be explained by the fact that one patient had undergone a second SEEGECoG investigation because of nonlocalizing data obtained low-up. with the first recording. This second investigation localized to the right parietal-temporal neocortex, again partly extratemporal. However, on clinical grounds and with a posterior temporal MRI lesion, we made an overall clinical diagnosis of right temporal neocortical seizure origin. For Tables 5 and 6 we erroneously used the overall clinical diagnosis instead of the SEEGECog diagnosis so the number of patients listed in Tables 5 and 6 were 61 and 21, respectively. Therefore, we correct Tables 5 and 6, which are now in agreement with the rest of the text and tables, listing 60 temporal and 22 extratemporal/ multilobar/nonlocalized patients, followed by the respective possible number of errors and seizure outcome. This minor change does not in any way affect the conclusions of that particular section. The text of the Surgical results and postoperative outcome section indeed showed several numerical errors in both the temporal and the frontal lobe patient group, for which we have no other explanation than miscalculation and typing errors. Although the text was meticulously read by all authors and by the referees, this flaw was unfortunately not noticed. We corrected the text where appropriate as follows: Surgical results and postoperative outcome Fifty-nine out of 82 patients (73%) had surgery. Outcome per localization category is listed in Table 1. Fortyfour patients (73%) from the surgery group had, as of the


Networked abstraction for formation of ships is finished according to the conference of complex network theory,and different relationships among composing proportions is abstracted based on the abstraction in operation unit for air defense system of ship formation according to different functions,then,complex network model of typical ship formation in air defense under different operation modes.The conclusion that there is much more advantages in architecture,capability of cooperating and anti-destroy capability under NCW than under FCW after the analyzing for the statistical characters of the two air defense modes of NCW and FCW.The research has very important part not only in the understanding of the characters of NCW and FCW,but also in the enhancing for the establishing of combat architecture.


B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of non-cycling B cells in lymphatic and extralymphatic tissues. Earlier studies had validated that angiogenesis was increased in B-CLL. Increased serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) connote a poor prognosis in early-stage B-CLL. Early progression is also related to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which inhibits B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production. The authors investigated the expression of CD34, VEGF, bFGF, and TGF-β and their receptors in different stages of B-CLL by analyzing bone marrow samples from 23 patients (11 with Rai stages 0–II; 12 with stages III or IV). TGF-β2 was expressed more strongly in stages 0 to II than in stages III or IV (P=0.03). There was no significant difference in the intensity of CD34, TGF-β1, VEGF, and bFGF and their receptors between stages 0 to II and stages III or IV. Staining showed bFGF expression to be stronger than VEGF expression (P=0.001). Results did not confirm an association between the intensity of angiogenesis and B-CLL stage. The expression of TGF-β2 was stronger in early-stage disease and may help slow disease progression.


Anderson, T.J., Scarrow, J.H. & Cambeses, A. 2014. Continued characterisation of querns and quern quarries in Southern Spain. AmS-Skrifter 24, 111–131, Stavanger. ISSN 0800-0816, ISSN 0800-0816, ISBN 978-82-7760-158-8 This paper presents the latest research concerning hand-driven rotary querns (handmills) and their quarries in the south of Spain from the Iron Age to Contemporary times. Iron Age quern makers show a proclivity for naturally abrasive porous limestone hewn from surface blocks and, possibly, quarries. After the Roman conquest, querns were produced and distributed on a large scale from extractive quarries producing a standardised product. Roman production districts have been identified in this study in the Volcanic Province of southeastern Spain (Cabo de Gata and Murcia) and the Calatrava Volcanic Province (Ciudad Real) in central Spain. By contrast, bioclastic calcarenite querns are dominant in the coastal settlements of the Gulf of Cadiz where at least two coastal quarries have been identified. Granite quern production in the Ossa-Morena and neighbouring zones, although one of the dominant rock types in southwestern Spain, is poorly documented and no quarries are known. Quern production in the long period encompassing Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages has not been studied in depth but there are indications of change in both quern typology and rock choice, with a preference for sedimentary materials (conglomerates, sandstones and coarse limestones). In Contemporary times, larger rotary querns were used for grinding animal fodder. This last quern production shows a distinct preference for compact white and pink limestones, rocks that require complex dressing patterns to grind properly.


The aim of this work was to develop a new computer system to support oncologic surgery in the maxillo-facial area (Maxillo-Facial Surgery System). The system applies DICOM data (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI and Computed Tomography - CT scans) during the phase of virtual planning of surgical scenario, to identify the location and spatial geometry of cancer, as well as it serves to plan resection and reconstruction of bone tissue using bio-implants. The intraoperative phase applies computer aided optical and electromagnetic navigation systems to track the position of surgical instruments and bone segments. This work presents results of planning and computer aided surgery on a skull and mandible phantom and selected results of oncologic patient's CT scans analysis. The accuracy of the prepared system has been expressed with Target Registration Error value equals about 0.75 mm (when the titanium markers in registration procedure are applied). The system is currently clinically tested in M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Warsaw, Poland.


The first portion of this paper is a discussion of the design philosophy of a monitor speaker. Attention is paid to the apparent inconsistency between pressure measurements and A‐B tests with original material. Comment is made on the effects of change in directional pattern of the radiated sound. The performance of an experimental monitor loudspeaker is evaluated.The second portion of the paper is a description of the experimental speaker. The configuration, significant dimensions, and motional impedance measurements are reviewed.


We analyze the evolution of the COVID19 infections in the first months of the pandemics and show that the basic compartmental SIR model cannot explain the data, some characteristic time series being by more than an order of magnitude different from the fit function over significant parts of the documented time interval. To correct this large discrepancy, we amend the SIR model by assuming that there is a relatively large population that is infected but was not tested and confirmed. This assumption qualitatively changes the fitting possibilities of the model and, despite its simplicity, in most cases the time series can be well reproduced. The observed dynamic is only due to the transitions between two infected compartments, which are the unconfirmed infected and the confirmed infected, and the rate of closing the cases (by recovery or death) in the confirmed infected compartment. We also discuss some relevant extensions of this model, to improve the interpretation and the fitting of the data. These findings qualitatively and quantitatively evidences the "iceberg phenomenon" in epistemology.


The He separation performance of the N-modified graphdiyne monolayer (N-GDY) was studied by using both the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The high cohesive energy of 7.24 eV/atom confirmed the strong stability of N-GDY for a gas separation membrane. Based on the calculations, the N-GDY membrane was found to exhibit extremely high He permeance (4.8 ×10-3 mol/m2·s·Pa at 100 K) and selectivities of He/H2O, He/Ar, He/N2, He/CO, He/CO2, and He/CH4 (102~1012 at 300 K). Therefore, N-GDY should be a good candidate for He separation from natural gas.


SUMMARYInverted nipples are cosmetically unpleasing to the patient and can become inflamed due to mechanical difficulty with cleaning the nippleareola complex. A surgical technique for the permanent repair of inverted nipples is described. The rationale for the surgical approach is that the major pa


Abstract This study explores drones' applications and proposes a cost-effective drone monitoring system for both palm trees and street lighting networks. The planned drone technical system has two monitoring sections. First, a model is developed to examine the health of date palm trees, in which drone photos are used to determine whether palm trees are suffering from diseases such as black scorch and sudden decline syndrome. These images are transferred into a central computer to stimulate normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) models using AgiSoft software. The simulated NDVI models indicated that there are no health issues with date palm trees, which has resulted in the positive feedback in terms of the economic growth. Second, drone technology is utilized to detect the technical faults in the lighting network to ensure proper maintenance and social security. Twelve images of street lights are captured to demonstrate the working condition and the operational status of the street lights. These images are processed in MATLAB software, and a stimulated image processing model is implemented to enhance the monitoring of the street lighting network. The simulation findings indicate that the light in one of the images is not functioning, and ArcGIS Pro is utilized to locate it.


Labour standards have become an almost routine feature of trade agreements. However, we have little knowledge about whether this linkage is effective; both in absolute terms but also in comparison to other instruments that promote labour standards on a global level. Such alternative instruments include public-private agreements, value chain management and procurement policies. The articles in this thematic issue will provide insights that further the debate on the effectiveness of the connection between labour rights and international trade, looking at both 'traditional' trade agreements and 'alternative' instruments.


Financial benefits make Northern Ireland one of the most attractive areas to set up business. But the province has more to offer companies than money


A two-year old sward of Phalaris aquatica cultivar Sirolan was cut at 2-, 4-, 6- or 12-week intervals and at heights of 2 or 7 cm over two 12-week cycles from June to November 1986. Defoliation treatments were split and 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen was applied to half the plot at the beginning of each cycle. Tiller density and dry matter production were measured throughout winter and spring of 1986, and in two 6-week regrowth periods in 1987.During winter, high cutting always gave less harvested dry matter than low cutting. In spring, the regression lines relating cutting frequency to cumulative harvested dry matter crossed over at a frequency of about 5 weeks. Below this frequency high cutting yielded more harvested dry matter than low cutting. High cutting gradually changed sward appearance in winter, resulting in better yields at later harvests. At the conclusion of spring cutting, there were more dead tillers on plots cut at 6- and 12-week intervals than on those cut every 2 or 4 weeks, while numbers of live tillers increased progressively as cutting interval rose from 2 to 12 weeks. Regrowth in autumn 1987 was much better on plots cut every 12 weeks than on other plots, primarily owing to the greater vigour of individual tillers, but also owing to higher tiller numbers. The timing of defoliation in spring appeared to be the most important factor governing crown bud production and regrowth in the following season. Spelling in spring is recommended to permit reproductive and crown bud development in Sirolan.


Though the primary data on fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) in the treatment of benign biliary strictures caused by chronic pancreatitis and anastomotic stricture following orthotopic liver transplantation is encouraging,the risks including stent translocation,biliary infection,pancreatitis and inability to remove stents should be considered before replacing plastic stents with FCSEMS for the first-line treatment of benign biliary strictures in routine practice.FCSEMS is effective in treating benign pancreatic ductal strictures,but it is also associated with a high rate of stent translocation.To overcome this problem,FCSEMS with better conformability and flared ends need to be designed.There is a theorectial risk of pancreatic ductal infection caused by the blockage of side branches of the pancreas by covering membrane of the stents.However,no such complication was reported.Given the uncertain long-term efficacy and safety of FCSEMS for benign pancreatic ductal strictures,their use may be reserved for the management of retractory,symptomatic benign strictures only in selected groups of patients.

Key words:
Benign biliary and pancreatic ductal strictures;  Treatment;  Stents


The electrical conductivity of ammonium nitrate + formamide mixtures was measured as a function of temperature for the ammonium nitrate concentration range (0 to 17) mol·kg–1. The report describes the application and validity of Casteel–Amis equation to fitting the experimental data as a function of salt content in the electrolyte in the temperature range (303.15 to 353.15) K. Also, the densities of the mixtures were determined pycnometrically at different temperatures and ammonium nitrate concentrations for all of the investigated melts.


ABSTRACT Using a logic model as a conceptual framework, a family preservation program is described and evaluated. The current study explores the relationship between family characteristics, services provided, and three outcomes: successful case closure, child well-being, and family well-being. The methodology included an associational design, an availability sample, and hierarchical logistic and multiple regression. It was found that services have minimal effects on outcomes and, at times, families appear to get worse, depending on their family circumstances. This study sought to contribute to the family preservation knowledge base by examining the effect of both client and process level data on multiple child and family outcomes.


The present invention provides the use of a composition comprising the Norbixineobtenue by purification from a sample of seeds of Bixa orellana, for the photoprotection of the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the mammal.


AZ91D magnesium alloy was welded by spot welder.The formation mechanism and affecting factors of welding crack were analyzed.Due to the greater range of hot brittle and better thermal conductivity,cracks were easy produced in magnesium alloy,and cracks are also easy produced in the welding center and HAZ.Cracks along the grain boundary are crystal crack.The greater the heat inputting,the greater the sensitivity of crack in HAZ and the more serious the constituents segregation,the greater the possibility of crack producing in welding center.The crack in welding center usually occurs in the solid-liquid stage.


The vehicle steering manoeuver in critical conditions was modeled as the response of a nonlinear vibration system with external periodic steering excitation.The stability and bifurcation behavior of the periodic steering motion were analyzed with shooting method and Floquet theory.By using Poincare mapping,the influences of cg position and vehicle velocity on steering frequency behaviors under critical condition were analyzed.The result shows that(1) saddle-node bifurcation and periodic bifurcation may be found when steering periodically under critical condition and jumping phenomenon often follows saddle-node bifurcation;(2) the steering frequency behavior has large differences under critical condition from that under ordinary condition.The steering frequency affects the vehicle stability significantly under critical condition,so the nonlinear analyzing method is necessary.


Monetary policy is not intended to benefit one segment of the population at the expense of another by redistributing income and wealth. But as Makoto Nakajima explains, it is probably impossible to avoid such redistributive consequences.


In order to clarify the mechanism of austenite decomposition at elevated temperatures, 25Cr20Ni steel cold-rolled to 0~60% reductions in area was aged at 1073K for various times up to 10.8Ms. According to the experimental results obtained by means of optical and electron microscopy, magnetic powder pattern, magnetic analysis and electron diffraction, metastable ferrite which is difficult to infer from the phase diagram precipitates from the austenite satisfying the KurdjumovSachs orientation relationship. Although a larger amount of acicular ferrite forms in the cold-rolled specimen as compared with as-solution treated one, it is observed only in the recrystallized regions. It is considered that the most of such ferrite particles found in the present study transform finally to the σ phase after prolonged aging times.


We study the phenomenology of the e−μ lepton flavor violation (LFV) in a general two Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) including the supersymmetric case. We compute the decay rate expressions of μ→eγ, μ→eee, and μ→e conversion in nuclei at two loop level. In particular, it is shown that μ→eγ is generally the most sensitive channel to probe Higgs-mediated LFV. The correlations among the decay rates of the above processes are also discussed.


This book explores the usage-based claim that high usage frequency leads to the entrenchment of complex words in the minds of language users. To probe the correlation between corpus-extracted usage data and mental entrenchment, the author operationalises entrenchment in Gestalt psychological terms and conducts a series of behavioural and neuroimaging experiments.


Welcome to the Family Congratulations on making one of the best choices of your Cornell career—living in Risley Residential College! From the moment you arrive you'll be able to see that Risley is much more than just a community of students; we are a family. Take the time to meet everyone that you can and get involved early on with the awesome programming that occurs. YOU make the community great, so don't be afraid to get creative and help shape your experience with us. See you in August!


: Basketball sport has the characteristics of high intensity, long time, high density, fierce confrontation, and reasonable dietary nutrition supplement can improve the athletes' physical level, athletic ability, eliminate sports fatigue. The nutrition of basketball players mainly consists of sugar, water and electrolytes, protein, creatine and vitamins. This paper analyzes the dietary nutritional status of college basketball players. The results show that there are several problems in the players' diet: insufficient total energy intake, insufficient carbohydrate intake, excessive fat and protein intake, insufficient intake of some vitamins and minerals, unreasonable distribution of calories in three meals. In this paper, the dietary structure of Chinese college basketball players is basically consistent with the composition of balanced diet pagoda of Chinese residents. The types of food are reasonable, but the amount of food is low and the eating behavior is unreasonable. Nutrition education should be strengthened to promote the balanced diet of students.


Though separated by geographical distance, a student with disabilities, his advisor, and his writing coach consorted in the Cloud using Google applications to achieve a writing goal. Our scenario demonstrates how emerging technologies can bridge transactional distance and "virtually" supplant face-to-face conferencing around a college writing assignment. Individual levels of technical acumen with digital technology evolved to bridge the psychological and communication space between the student and his instructors. As a result, the telecollaborators developed an efficient coaching process adaptable for all students who need assistance in revising college writing assignments at a distance. Action research frames our discussion of the Cloud collaboration and provides a scaffold for student autonomy. The advantages as well and disadvantages of Cloud collaboration are outlined with reference to the National Institute of Standards of Technology definition of Cloud Computing and the Seven Principles of Universal Course Design.


The ambition of this thesis is a technical description of the basic characteristic that are used by laser detection and localization scanners, also referred to as LIDAR systems. Focus of this work is to analyze the principle of operation of the leading laser scanners and the possibilities of their applications for mapping 2D plane and 3D space. The first chapter is devoted to the analysis of the current lidar systems, chapter describes the basic principle used in laser scanners. The second section analyzes the leading lidar systems used for mapping and scanning the plane. The next chapter extends the third part analysis for the possibility of using lidar systems in 3D space and technical solutions scan 3D space planar laser scanner. The next chapter discusses eventuality of obtaining information of mobile application platforms. The last chapter describes proposal of simulation model lidar system for mapping space.This analysis points out that the main problem is the number of factors that adversely affect the accuracy of the measurements.


THE PROBLEM OF EQUITABLE TAXATION OF HEAVY MOTOR VEHICLES WHICH TRAVEL IN MORE THAN ONE STATE IS REVIEWED. THE NATURE OF HIGHWAY-USER-TAX STRUCTURES AND THE RELATION OF SUCH STRUCTURES TO THE "RECIPROCITY" PROBLEM IS DISCUSSED. AFTER A SUMMARY OF VARIOUS RECIPROCAL ARRANGEMENTS AND PREVIOUS PROPOSALS FOR MEETING EXISTING RECIPROCITY DIFFICULTIES, DEVELOPMENTS IN THE WESTERN STATES CONCERNING "PRO-RATA" AGREEMENTS ARE GIVEN. SUCH AGREEMENTS CALL FOR THE PRO- RATING OF ANNUAL FIXED-FEE TYPE TAXES ON HEAVY MOTOR VEHICLES WHICH OPERATE IN MORE THAN ONE STATE, ON THE BASIS OF MILES TRAVELLED IN EACH STATE. /AUTHOR/


The project aimed at characterizing the neurocognitive basis of religiousness/spirituality (RS) and its links with the bodily self. First, by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we down-regulated neural activity of the inferior parietal (IPL) and prefrontal areas to test possible modifications of implicit RS in healthy subjects. We found that TMS of the IPL increased participants' implicit RS. Given the role of the parietal cortex in self-awareness and body schema representation, the results suggest that altered parietal activity is a neurophysiological substrate of self-transcendence. Preliminary results on 12 patients with lesion to either parietal or frontal brain regions confirmed the role of the parietal cortex in RS. The links between self-transcendence and bodily self were also investigated in 96 children. We explored how personality traits influence the development of the abilities to mentally rotate bodies and external objects. We found that mental body rotation is acquired later than mental object rotation (from 8-9 vs. 7 years of age) and that personality traits such as cooperativeness and self-transcendence importantly influence the development of these abilities. Finally, we assessed whether training in mindfulness meditation (MM) promotes congruency between implicit and explicit RS and their general increase in healthy subjects. Of note, for MM participants (vs. no MM controls), we found increased implicit RS after MM. Moreover, explicit and implicit RS were correlated, especially after MM. By using different approaches, the present project fostered our knowledge of the neurocognitive processes that allow humans to transcend the spatiotemporal constraints of the physical body increasing their RS. Virtual lesions of the inferior parietal cortex induce fast changes of implicit religiousness/spirituality (submitted for publication to The Journal of Neuroscience). Different developmental trajectories in children from 7 to 11 years old (under review after minor revision by Developmental Psychology). congruence between implicit and explicit spiritual self-representations (manuscript in preparation).


We present the synthesis and characterization of poly(2-alkyl-benzimidazole-alt-9,9-dihexylfluorene). An improved microwave-assisted synthesis of the monomers 4,7-dibromo-2-heptyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole and 4,7-dibromo-2-(heptan-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole was developed. The monomers were polymerized with 9,9-dihexylfluorene-2,7-diboronic acid bis(1,3-propanediol) ester using Suzuki cross-coupling to yield the corresponding poly(2-alkyl-benzimidazole-alt-9,9-dihexylfluorene)s. The polymers were characterized by both traditional optical and thermal properties in conjunction with experiments yielding strong evidence to suggest controllable chemical doping of benzimidazole moieties. Based on ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) data, the band structure of these benzimidazole-containing polymers may be manipulated through treatment with acids or bases to achieve polycationic or polyanionic products. Protonic doping is shown to significantly impact the electronic properties of the...


This paper describes the system developed at LIF for the SemEval-2016 evaluation campaign. The goal of Task 4.A was to identify sentiment polarity in tweets. The system extends the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) state of the art approach. We initialize the input representations with embeddings trained on different units: lexical, partof-speech, and sentiment embeddings. Neural networks for each input space are trained separately, and then the representations extracted from their hidden layers are concatenated as input of a fusion neural network. The system ranked 2nd at SemEval-2016 and obtained an average F1 of 63.0%.


We employ metastable ultracold 173Yb atoms to study dynamics in the 1D dissipative Fermi–Hubbard model experimentally and theoretically, and observe a complete inhibition of two-body losses after initial fast transient dynamics. We attribute the suppression of particle loss to the dynamical generation of a highly entangled Dicke state. For several lattice depths and for two- and six-spin component mixtures we find very similar dynamics, showing that the creation of strongly correlated states is a robust and universal phenomenon. This offers interesting opportunities for precision measurements.


The Pacific Hake, Merluccius productus (Ayers) was used to monitor the waters off Puget Sound and the West Coast of the US for zinc(Zn), cadmium(Cd), mercury(Hg) and {sup 65}Zn. The Columbia River is not the source of Zn, Cd or Hg contamination, but is the source of {sup 65}Zn, with the concentration in the Hake reflecting the position of the Columbia River plume. Zn and Cd accumulation in the Hake were fit to the equation Y=B{sub 1}+B{sub 2}e{sup B}{sub 3}X where Y is the concentration of the element and X is the length or weight of the fish. Biological attributes were assigned to the other parameters as follows: B{sub 1} is the asymptotic value for Zn or Cd at chemical maturity; B{sub 2} is the location of the curve with respect to the length or weight of the fish; and B{sub 3} is a constant pertaining to the rate of change of Zn or Cd. Although Zn, Cd and Hg are all Group 2B elements, only the concentrations of Zn and Cd were correlated for all locations; Hg concentrations varied as a function of location. Zn and Cd concentrations increase with fish size and approach an asymptotic value at maturity, more » while Hg concentrations were linear and the slope is a function of sampling location. Zn and Cd levels are regulated in the adult, while Hg continues to increase with age. It may be significant that the age distribution of fish caught commercially coincides with the maximum concentration of Zn and Cd. 195 refs., 30 figs., 10 tabs. (MHB) « less


Repeated treatment of the C
 2ν
-symmetrical
C
 60
 pentakis-adducts 1a,b with diazomethane provided with high
regioselectively the novel heptakis- 5 and octakis-adducts 4a,b
via hexakis-adducts 3a,b; an orbital symmetry-controlled reaction
mechanism for the thermal dinitrogen extrusion from the pyrazoline
intermediates in the addition of diazomethane to fullerenes is
proposed.


Application Management and associated operating system. The application object is defined as the operating system primitives. Identity attribute of the application object identifies at least one application associated with the operating system, and metadata properties of the Application object declares behavioral characteristics of the application identified. It represents the dynamic state of the application identified by the application state defines the semantics of the interaction between the application and application state objects.


Formation control finds broad applications in numerous fields, such as cooperative detection, surveillance, transportation, and disaster rescue. In this article, aiming at hunting a moving target, a two-stage surrounding control algorithm is proposed for linear multiagent systems subject to input saturations. An adaptive distributed observer is developed for each agent to reconstruct the target's position. With the assistance of the algebraic graph theory and low gain feedback technique, distributed controllers are designed to drive the agents to encircle the moving target with a fixed radius and evenly distributed phase angles. Finally, both numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.


As the wide range of international trade out-turn and diversity of the parties, causing banks have to create a new credit service, that is bank guarantees, to enhance the trust between the parties.  By providing the security and ease, the beneficiary will obtain a certain amount of money from the bank and being independent from the other party. While the committed party provides insurance to the beneficiary as a guarantee for the implementation or good performance in accordance with agreed terms, in this situation,  performance bonds are crucial to be considered as this tool has the principle of independence regarding the bank's commitment, as such, could clarify one party obligation to provide money, services or goods to another party. Taking performance bonds as solution whereby accompanied the Guaranty (Al Kafala) and subordination imposed by the legal system,  the lacunae of  legal rules which govern performance bonds has created difficulties and may lead Judges to create the new relevant law. This article is aimed at studying how the Jordanian Judiciary deals with performance bonds, since there is no previous legal rules governing such bank contract.


Aims – We audited the management of diabetic foot infections in our District General Hospital after adopting the guidelines produced by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Methods – The admission notes for patients admitted with a diabetic foot infection between January 2011 and September of 2012 were used to fill out the audit questionnaire. Results – We reviewed 42 patient-admission notes. A majority were male patients with a moderately infected fore-foot ulcer and were referred from their general practitioner. More than three-quarter of patients had investigations and treatment in accordance with the guidelines. However, there was less than adequate documentation of evidence of feet examination and less than adequate documentation of reasons for non-adherence to the antibiotic policy. Ninety percent of patients were seen by a member of the multidisciplinary foot team during admission. The median length of stay in hospital for the patient group was 5.5 days. Conclusions – There was reasonably good adherence to guidelines in important areas of management. Continued staff education and involvement of the multidisciplinary foot team is essential for improving adherence to guidelines, so as to reduce morbidity, mortality and long hospital stay in patients with diabetic foot infections.


This paper considers a class of type-1 plants and an adaptive pole-assignment control which is constrained by a saturation non-linearity. The adaptive control system is BIBO stable if a constrained parameter estimation algorithm is employed. Also, the desired system performance can be achieved under certain conditions.


This paper considers ultra-wideband (UWB) based localization of mobile users in indoor environment. Because of severe multipath indoor localization still presents a challenging issue and UWB is often considered as technology enabling precise localization. Typically for UWB Time of Flight (TOF) based approaches like Time of Arrival (TOA) or Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) are applied. Recently also localization based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) is gaining more interest, where position of the transmitting device is calculated based on the RSS on several Base Stations (BS) with known positions. To perform the positioning the transmit power must be known. This paper considers Received Signal Strength Difference (RSSD) based positioning, which does not require the knowledge of the transmit power. The positioning is further assisted with TDOA measurement. It is shown that including only one single TDOA information improves the localization performance significantly.


A 26-years old primipara experienced a laparotomy with thrombectomy because of pelvic vein thrombophlebitis and cavathrombosis 18 days after ambulant water-birth. The pelvic vein thrombophlebitis is a potentially life-threatening complication in puerperium and to our knowledge, this is the first case reported after water-birth. Even after ambulant childbirth those rather rare complications are able to appear. To think of such events makes professional help possible in time.


Distributed generation (DG) systems are endangered to fault because of the rise of fault current level in power system. Further incorporation of DG by power electronic converters are increasing this danger even more day by day. The inverter based distributed generation (IBDG) system is used to work with a solar photovoltaic (PV). This paper proposes a bridge type fault current limiter (BFCL) based control scheme so that the IBDG system can be kept secure. The BFCL is connected after the VSC of the PV system and the system controller controls the impedance of BFCL. As an input to the BFCL activation controller, direct axis and quadrature axis voltage and current at the common coupling point (PCC) are used. To locate the fault in the device and enable the BFCL process, the deviation of current and voltage at the PCC is used. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggeseted controller, 3 line to ground (3LG) and 2 line to ground (2LG) faults are applied in grid with which the PV system is connected. With the suggested BFCL based controller, a major mitigation in the fault current magnitude is examined. The fault current mitigation performances have also been contrasted with the conventional series dynamic braking resistor (SDBR) control strategy and it has been demonstrated that the proposed BFCL controller is superior than SDBR.


ABSTRACT During plant growth and defense, cell cycle activity needs to be coordinated with cell wall integrity. Little is known about how this coordination is achieved. Here, we investigated coordination in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings by studying the impact of cell wall damage (CWD, caused by cellulose biosynthesis inhibition) on cytokinin homeostasis, cell cycle gene expression and cell shape in root tips. CWD inhibited cell cycle gene expression and increased transition zone cell width in an osmosensitive manner. These results were correlated with CWD-induced, osmosensitive changes in cytokinin homeostasis. Expression of CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE 2 and 3 (CKX2, CKX3), which encode cytokinin-degrading enzymes, was induced by CWD and reduced by osmoticum treatment. In nitrate reductase1 nitrate reductase2 (nia1 nia2) seedlings, CKX2 and CKX3 transcript levels were not increased and cell cycle gene expression was not repressed by CWD. Moreover, established CWD-induced responses, such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and lignin production, were also absent, implying a central role of NIA1/2-mediated processes in regulation of CWD responses. These results suggest that CWD enhances cytokinin degradation rates through a NIA1/2-mediated process, leading to attenuation of cell cycle gene expression. Summary: A mechanism is identified in Arabidopsis thaliana that mediates cell cycle modification in response to plant cell wall damage through controlled changes in cytokinin levels.


Objective To construct the red fluorescent protein reporter gene vector containing high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1) promoter sequence and study the regulation mechanism of the expression of HMGB1gene under mechanical stretch.Methods HMGB1 promoter was subcloned into a red fluorescent protein vector,pDsRed1-1.After identified by PCR,enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing,the recombinant vector pDsRed1-1-HMGB1P was then transfected into HEK293 cells.Blank vector or pDsRed-1 was transfected into 293 cells and served as controls.The expression of red fluorescent protein and its reaction to mechanical stretch were observed under a fluorescent microscope.HEK293 cells transfected with pDsRed1-1 vector served as control.Results PCR,double restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequence analysis showed that the recombinant vector,pDsRed1-1-HMGB1P,was constructed correctly.This vector was lowly expressed in HEK293 cells of resting state.But after stimulated by mechanical stretch,strong red fluorescence was observed.No red fluorescence was observed in the control cells.Conclusion A red fluorescent protein reporter gene vector containing HMGB1 promoter sequence has been constructed successfully and expressed highly in mammalian cells.Since it responds to mechanical stretch effectively,it can thus provide a convenient tool to study the regulation mechanism of the expression of HMGB1 gene by mechanical stress.


This paper addresses the design of passive new Z shaped slot patch antennas in UHF band (860MHz-960MHz) for radiofrequency identification and sensing applications, insulated from the human body by thin silicone layer, in this case the human skin presents the object to be tagged or bio-tracked, thus providing a poor communications because of the high dielectric properties of human tissues. A new tag structure combining rectangular patch, tow tuning slots and inclined internal slot, which have been optimized for an IC with R=380ohm and C=2.8pF, is here discussed through numerical simulations, using the finite element method via HFSS solver. Finally the achieved antennas designs having different sizes are evaluated utilizing a layered anatomical model of the human body. The simulated performance indicates a possible application of these tags to any part of the body.


Biomarkers of exposure - Hemoglobin adducts Biomarkers of human exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) Biomarkers of exposure u mycotoxins: aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol and fumonisins Biological measures and the psychosocial working environment Micronuclei for human biomonitering Biomarkers of individual susceptibility: genetic polymorphisms and their interplay with micronucleus frequencies Biomarker of effects on hormone functions Biomarkers of Exposure - Oxidative Stress to DNA and Lipids u Relation to Air Pollution Male and female germ cell biomarkers Biomarkers of exposure and effect: ionizing radiation Ethics and data protection in human biomarker studies


A real-time path integral for ultrasoft QCD is formulated. It exhibits a Feynman's influence functional. The statistical properties of the theory and the gauge symmetry are explicit. The correspondence is established with the alternative version, where a noise term enters a transport equation.


The paper presents comparison between approximate models of horizontal wire conductor above homogeneous lossy ground based on image theory and transmission line theory. The main objective of this study is to indicate the cases of applicability of the proposed approximate models in practical EMC studies. The results are verified by comparison with exact model based on the electromagnetic theory.


This article reviews recent attempts to include gender and environment issues in de velopment policy, planning and practice. The current transition from the earlier women, environment and development (WED) approach towards a gender, environ ment and sustainable development (GED) approach is highlighted, and possible pointers for such an approach are given.Of particular interest is the emerging conflict model of natural resource use (FAO, 1997), which necessitates a holistic analysis of the highly location-specific effects of international, national, local and household systems of production, reproduction, dis tribution and consumption and how these affect natural resource depletion in a par ticular area.A gender perspective would need to be an integral part of such a conflict model. It is, therefore, proposed that a gender analysis and planning framework should be merged with the model of natural resource management platforms for resource use negotiations (Roling, 1994) between different groups of actors,...


This paper presents the theoretical basis of eddy current testing. Firstly, it introduces the impedance analysis method used in the field of eddy current testing. Then we analyze the skin effect and the phase lag on that basis. Next we introduce the field analysis method in eddy current testing. This article takes the Maxwell's equations of time-harmonic electromagnetic field as a starting point and then describes both the equations and their boundary value problems with vector magnetic potential, and it studies the perturbed magnetic field caused by ideal defects on that basis. Finally, this paper analyzes and contrasts the impedance analysis method and the field analysis method in depth.


Due to advancements in CPU and storage technologies, the processing speed of tasks has been increasing. However, there has been a relative slowdown in the data transfer speeds between disks and memory. Consequently, the issue of I/O processing speed has become a significant concern in I/O-intensive tasks. This research paper proposes CluMP, which predicts the next block to be requested within a process using a clustered Markov chain. Compared to the simple read-ahead approach commonly used in Linux systems, CluMP can predict prefetching more accurately and requires less memory for the prediction process. CluMP demonstrated a maximum memory hit ratio improvement of 191.41% in the KVM workload compared to read-ahead, as well as a maximum improvement of 130.81% in the Linux kernel build workload. Additionally, CluMP provides the advantage of adaptability to user objectives and utilized workloads by incorporating several parameters, thereby allowing for optimal performance across various workload patterns.


Sandia National Laboratories Aerospace Systems Development Center frequently requires unique, high performance gas generators, thrusters, and spin motors for space applications. These solid propellant systems require the reliable, reproducible, and accurate delivery of both total impulse, as well as function time. As a result of these stringent requirements, the Explosive Technology Group, along with the Aerospace Systems Development Center at Sandia National Laboratories, has developed a general propellant system design philosophy that allows for the expedient design, development, testing, and limited production of solid propellant systems for space application. This paper will review the recent history of small propellant devices for exoatmospheric application and present an overview of the design philosophy.


Preliminary antenna pattern tests were conducted to determine if catastrophic effects were produced by cables (conducting) in the aperture. This test consisted of an apex feed illuminating a 3 meter solid reflector. A hoop/column configuration was used in positioning the various wires and cables. Radiation patterns were measured at 7 GHz and 10 GHz. No catastrophic effects were observed for this configuration, but additional tests are required to determine the effects for more precision multiple beam applications. In order to better understand the scattering and blockage effects on multiple beam performance, a 35 GHz model was used to model somewhat a single quad aperture configuration. Experimental results using this models are presented in graphs.


Decision making is the process which is the most useful and convenient to the purposes. To decide something, there is to be more than one choice, so person or people who are going to decide will express their ideas and will be able to choose the most suitable alternatives. The goal of human beings and companies is not only improving just one choice, but also deal with a lot of choices in order to shorten the period of time or increase their incomes or profits. In this research; firstly, the conception of decision making is examined. Afterwards, the different goals of the programming models of maths have been investigated in details and definition, structure, supposition, classification, application areas and advantage and disadvantages of the goal programming is explained. Later the mathematical models of various goal pragrammings are examined in detail. In the application section of the search models are constitued and results are evaluated using the data of Kagithane Garage of IETT.


A class of power estimators referred to as mixed time-based spectrum estimators (MTBSE) is considered. This class differs from the existing type of estimators in the estimation procedure of the autocorrelation function. The MTBSE allows the use of different numbers of samples to calculate the estimate at different lags. This flexibility introduces properties into the variance of the spectrum estimate that are not possessed by other estimators. Results show that the MTBSE can be formulated to favor the variance in some frequency bands over others. The width and the location of these bands are determined from the mixture of data samples used in the problem, i.e. the number of samples in relation to the lags to which they are assigned. >


To the Editor. —We read with great interest the article by Dr Catalona and colleagues. 1 We have performed a similar study in a screening population with quite similar results. 2 We used a different assay (Deltia ProStatus PSA Free/Total assay of Wallac Oy Company, Turkey, Finland) that automatically measures both free and total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) equimolarly at the same time in one sample. The most prominent conclusion from the article by Catalona et al is that percent free PSA (or free/total [F/T] ratio) increases specificity to predict positive prostate biopsies in men with prostate gland volume of 40 cm 3 or more in the PSA range between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL at a sensitivity level of 90%. In that group, 38% of biopsies could have been avoided at the cost of 10% loss of detection, independent of the result of digital rectal examination (DRE). In the subgroup of


Signal multipath leads to undesirable tracking errors and inaccurate ranging information for GPS receivers. The extent of the tracking error in compromising the receiver discriminator performance depends on the multipath amplitude, delay, and phase relative to the direct path. Compared with the rural area, the GPS receiver in the semi-enclosed area, such as city canyons and building shadows, is subject to much weaker line of sight propagation environment which further compromise its performance. In this paper, we derive analytical expressions of the multipath effect on the GPS tracking errors for both coherent discriminator and noncoherent early-minus-late power discriminators in strong multipath environment.


Ethiopia embarks upon a new order of state building project through ethnic based federalism in the mid 1990s. The Constitutional drafting commission was tasked primarily to ensure the supreme position of the various nationality groups and a coordinated relationship between the center and the federal units has been envisioned. Despite this very optimistic vision towards ethnic sovereignty and equality of federal partners, the center-state relationship in practice reveals a non-federal at times coercive features.


Impulse response of partially depleted p-i-n photodiode is calculated by means of a mathematical analysis based on the solution of continuity equations together with the Poisson's equation. The problem is solved by a proper iterative procedure. Photodiode response is computed for step "switch-off" of photon flux using various p-i-n diode configurations with various applied reverse bias and various incident light wave-lengths. The strong wavelength dependence of current responses is obtained. The agreement between calculated and experimental data is good.


Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors associated such as hemodialysis periods, age, and smoking with ED severity in CKD patients undergoing routine hemodialysis. Material & Methods: A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted involving a total 101 patients who were on routine hemodialysis who diagnosed with CKD and experienced complaint in sexual function were included. The severity of ED classified based on the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). The analysis was carried out descriptively and analytically using the ordinal regression method. Results: Hemodialysis duration (p = 0.044) were significantly related to severity of erectile dysfunction in patient with CKD and on routine hemodialysis. Meanwhile, although both older age (p =0.307) and smoking (p = 0.283) showed a positive estimate, they were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The study indicate that prevalence of ED observed in CKD patient with routine hemodialysis remain high. Several factors significantly contribute in ED severity such as shorter hemodialysis duration.


Objective To explore clinical efficacy of ischiorectal abscess treated by incision and drainage and thread-drawing therapy. Methods A retrospective study of ischiorectal abscess treated by incision and drainage and thread-drawing therapy in 60 cases, from Aug 2012 to Aug 2013. Results All of the 60 cases were cured at one time, no fecal incontinence or postoperative anal fistula in the following half year. Conclusion This operation can cure ischiorectal abscess at one time with safety and efficacy.


REVOLUTION Emphasis has been on comparison of the phasing of revolutionary activity and on its motivation. Bohemia: E. Werner in Vol. 2, on the role of the Taborites in the Hussite revolution, comparison being with other revolutionary and non-revolutionary heresies and popular movements in medieval Europe. Buganda: C. C. Wrigley in Vol. 2, on the Christian revolution. The Congo: Ali A. Mazrui in Vol. 5, comparing African political reasoning with Edmund Burke's. Willy de Craemer and co-authors in Vol. 8, on the Kwilu revolt. The Netherlands: Gordon Griffiths on revolutionary character of the sixteenth-century revolt, and comment in discussion of Crane Brinton's The Anatomy of Revolution, by George Nadel, both in Vol. 2; further comment by I. Schoffer in Vol. 3.


The article analyzes the peculilarities of hyperbolization as a characteristic rhetorical technique in the political discourse of Donald Trump, which was used by the politician with persuasive and manipulative purposes. The features of hyperbolized positive self-presentation in Trump's discourse were described, namely the use of numerous superlatives, positive evaluative constructions, lexical units with superlative semantics, emotionally-colored epithets and intensifiers when describing numerical values.


The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased interest in studying social stigma. The concept of stigma is also included in political discourse, as evidenced, among other things, by Xi Jinping's speeches, in which the Chinese President urges to abandon further politicization and stigmatization of COVID-19. In this regard, the main aim of the article is to analyze the correlation between the novel coronavirus and stigmatization, not only from the traditional point of view (stigma associated with certain diseases), but also in terms of world politics. To explain the nature of social stigma, the author relies on evolutionary psychol- ogy, terror management theory and social identity theory. To analyze ongoing processes in international relations, some provisions of "rogue states" concept, leadership theories, and biopolitics are applied. The primary sources are documents of the World Health Organiza- tion (WHO) and the Group of Seven (G7), statements by UN and WHO officials, speeches of Chinese President Xi Jinping and US President Donald Trump, public opinion polls, and media publications. During the course of the study, the following scientific results were ob- tained: the works on COVID-19-related stigma have been systematized, the issues consid- ered in them and research gaps are highlighted; the consequences of stigma due the novel coronavirus have been summarized; some differences between stigma during the pandem- ic and stigma associated with other diseases are also identified; it is suggested to consider COVID-19 stigma not only at the level of interpersonal interactions, but also in international relations; the possible impact of the pandemic on the China's role on the world stage has been revealed. It is concluded that this research approach allows to take a fresh look at the possibility of restoring ties between states and their citizens in a post-COVID-19 world, as well as to assess the likelihood of a change of global leader. In the final part of the article, possible ways of further development of the situation are predicted and prospects for study on the issue are outlined.


CONTEXT
Serum levels of remnant cholesterol have been reported to predict the prognosis of cardiovascular disease, independent of traditional lipid profiles.

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to explore the association between serum remnant cholesterol and the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

METHODS
A total of 9,184 adults who underwent physical examination annually were included in this study. The association between serum remnant cholesterol and incident NAFLD was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression. We evaluated the relative risk of NAFLD in the groups with discordant remnant cholesterol versus traditional lipid profiles using clinically relevant treatment targets.

RESULTS
During a total of 31,662 person-years of follow-up, 1,339 incident NAFLD cases were identified. In the multivariable-adjusted model, the fourth quartile of remnant cholesterol was positively associated with NAFLD risks compared with the first quartile (HR: 2.824, 95% CI: 2.268-3.517; P < 0.001). This association remained significant among individuals with normal levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (HR: 1.929, 95% CI: 1.291-2.882; P < 0.001). In individuals achieving the different treatment targets of LDL-C and non-HDL-C for risk stratification according to clinical guidelines, the association between remnant cholesterol and incident NAFLD was still significant.

CONCLUSION
Serum levels of remnant cholesterol have predictive value for the development of NAFLD beyond traditional lipid profiles.


In its most succinct form, a state of war may be defined as a situation in which it is lawful for two states to employ armed force against one another. As a result, such acts as the launching of armed attacks, the taking of prisoners, and the occupation of territory become lawful acts, which they would not be in time of peace. Central to the concept of a state of war is that the contending parties have equal and reciprocal rights to engage in these actions.

Keywords:

just war theory;
Kellogg-Briand Pact;
Law;
Legal History;
Military History;
Reprisals;
Self-defense;
war


The present paper has mainly the aim to formulate a quantum neurological model of brain dynamics during perception and cognition of ambiguous figures here including the case of the Dalmatian dog. First of all, we summarize our previous experimental and theoretical studies, evidencing as the basic conceptual foundations of quantum mechanics enter in a decisive manner in explaining the basic functions of brain dynamics at perceptive and cognitive level and at the level of our consciousness. This is done in detail in Sections 2 and 3 where we discuss also the role of the so called quantum interference effect and we include here the results of an our recent experiment confirming the role of quantum theory and of its quantum interference effect also at perceptive-cognitive and awareness levels. In Section 4, following our previous study, we consider the so called Mach-Zehnder interferometer. It is a physical device that is employed in quantum mechanical experiments in order to analyze such quantum interference effect. Soon after the discussion of this device, we proceed with the elaboration of a detailed quantum neurological model in the sense that we consider the brain regions identified in V1; V2/V3/V4 and A20 and we obtain that they may behave just as the beam splitters involved in the Mach-Zehnder quantum mechanical interferometer. In this manner, we formulate a model of V1; V2/V3/V4, A20 brain dynamics as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and such model delineates a proposed neurological mechanism explaining perception-cognition and awareness in humans under the input of ambiguous figures and in the particular case of the Dalmatian dog.


The need to study hybrid nanofluid properties such as thermal conductivity has increased recently in order to provide better understanding on nanofluid thermal properties and behaviour. Due to its ability to improve heat transfer compared to conventional heat transfer fluids, nanofluids as a new coolant fluid are widely investigated. This paper presents the thermal conductivity of TiO2-SiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol (EG)-water. The TiO2-SiO2 hybrid nanofluids is measured for its thermal conductivity using KD2 Pro Thermal Properties Analyzer for concentration ranging from 0.5% to 3.0% and temperature of 30, 50 and 70°C. The results show that the increasing in concentration and temperature lead to enhancement in thermal conductivity at range of concentration studied. The maximum enhancement is found to be 22.1% at concentration 3.0% and temperature 70°C. A new equation is proposed based on the experiment data and found to be in good agreement where the average deviation (AD), standard deviation (SD) and maximum deviation (MD) are 1.67%, 1.66% and 5.13%, respectively.


ABSTRACT Three-dimensional studies of range of motion currently plot joint poses in a 'Euler space' whose axes are angles measured in the joint's three rotational degrees of freedom. Researchers then compute the volume of a pose cloud to measure rotational mobility. However, pairs of poses that are equally different from one another in orientation are not always plotted equally far apart in Euler space. This distortion causes a single joint's mobility to change when measured based on different joint coordinate systems and precludes fair comparison among joints. Here, we present two alternative spaces inspired by a 16th century map projection – cosine-corrected and sine-corrected Euler spaces – that allow coordinate-system-independent comparison of joint rotational mobility. When tested with data from a bird hip joint, cosine-corrected Euler space demonstrated a 10-fold reduction in variation among mobilities measured from three joint coordinate systems. This new quantitative framework enables previously intractable, comparative studies of articular function. Summary: A new method for plotting joint poses, inspired by a 16th century map projection, allows coordinate-system-independent measurements of joint mobility and enables accurate comparative studies of joint function.