Stress intensity factors play a vital role in predicting the failures of cast iron water mains which are being utilised as buried water mains since several decades in many countries including Australia. The corrosion patterns which can vary from uniform, pitting and/or patch, may result uneven pipe thickness affecting the prediction of stress intensity factors. An inaccurate prediction of stress intensity of the corroded pipes can lead to false judgements by water managers regarding failure predictions, which may result in high economic losses in asset management process. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of external corrosion geometry on stress intensity factors for external surface cracks in cast iron water mains using 3D finite element models. In this study, spherical patch geometry is adopted using a 3D model to characterise externally corroded pipes. Results from the study revealed that external corrosion geometry has a significant effect from on the stress intensity factors for a considered external surface crack. The findings from this study can be used to evaluate the behaviour of stress intensity factor of an external surface crack with variation of corrosion geometry.


ABSTRACT In 'European Schools', created for children of EU officials, narratives of European identity among students could match EU visions. Yet, students' individual narrations of their identities are more complex. The study systematises these narratives of Europeanness: cosmopolitan, multinational and transnational notions of 'us' and 'them'. Qualitative thematic analysis provides perspectives on what 'being (not) European' means for EU, European Schools and teachers – and most importantly, it disentangles identity narratives of European School students. Based on interviewing 101 students across three schools, the analysis shows that EU and European School propositions of a multinational European identity differ from teachers' and students' cosmopolitan and transnational narratives. At the EU level, Europeanness implies an 'out-group' of a nationalist, war-torn past. Students contradict EU visions by widening teachers' antinationalist narrative and excluding people within Europe. They exclude intolerant and narrow-minded, but more generally people who are more national and less mobile than their 'in-group'. Systematically comparing European identity narratives thus helps to uncover these contradictions. Not all narratives about Europe are available to everyone and individual opportunities to partake in mobile, multilingual Europeanness need reconsideration.


The irinotecan hydrochloride liposomes with the mean particle size and entrapment efficiency of(45.3±12.6) nm and(93.8±0.7)% were prepared by ammonium sulfate gradient method.The drug was released completely from the liposomes within 120 h in phosphate buffer(pH 7.4) in a manner of sustained release.Compared with the free drug,the prepared liposomes showed slightly higher in vitro cytotoxicity on human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells at relatively high concentration(above 25 g/ml).The IC50 values of the product and free drug were 28.1 and 33.0 g/ml,respectively.Both liposomes and free drug could induce apoptosis of HT-29 cells at the drug concentration of 30 g/ml,but the liposomes exhibited a stronger effect on the induction of cell apoptosis than free drug.


At the time of writing, a few weeks ahead of publication, it is impossible to ignore that we are in the grip of a pandemic disease. COVID-19 has already dwarfed the impact of the effect of the SARS-CoV outbreak back in 2002–2003, and it is anticipated the number of infected cases this year has yet to peak. Our daily lives have changed beyond recognition as more and more attempts are made to delay the spread of the virus and so avoid unnecessary deaths and avoid overwhelming health services worldwide. Extra ventilators are required urgently to support the sickest patients. As expected, lung ultrasound in experienced hands has emerged as a useful tool for rapid assessment and monitoring of the disease, and may obviate the need for computed tomography in many cases. Once again, the value of this most versatile of imaging modalities is indisputable in that it is now playing a major role in what has become a most extraordinary situation. On that very relevant note, I hope you will find time to read the tribute, which follows this page, to Tom Brown who died at the end of last year. He was of course one of the great pioneers of diagnostic ultrasound and, without his important contribution, ultrasound applications available today may have looked very different. Tom was also one of the cofounders of The British Medical Ultrasound Society, so he leaves behind multiple legacies. This issue of Ultrasound comprises excellent reviews and original research. The first article by Ince et al., from the University of Leicester, UK, reviews human brain tissue motion. The brain pulsates to a small extent with every cardiac cycle and the authors review variation in movement dependent on physiological conditions and postulate the clinical usefulness in measuring these pulsations. The next study by Londonbased authors Abdullahi Idle et al. aims to characterise immature ovarian teratomas and offers plenty of valuable images and signs for practitioners. Shahid et al. also provide a superb range of images to support their review of musculoskeletal infectious disorders in children, while Ivanitskaya et al. take a look at features and prognosis associated with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and emphasise the importance of prenatal diagnosis. Finally, this edition ends with a pictorial essay on the sonographic appearance of bone fractures (the authors Qadi and co. make technique and diagnosis look so easy), and an interesting case report from the radiology team at Plymouth, UK, which may help practitioners avoid misdiagnosis when reviewing some types of post-surgical patients. Echoes by Allison Harris occupy their usual rearward position. In addition, all abstracts from the December 2019 BMUS Annual Scientific Meeting in Harrogate, UK, are published online now to coincide with the release of this issue. To access these, please go to https://journals. sagepub.com/home/ult As a consequence of current national and international restrictions implemented to combat COVID-19, which are resulting in many conferences, study days and training opportunities being cancelled or postponed, Ultrasound may be one of your most reliable sources of continuing professional development for the foreseeable future. If anything inspires you, please feel free to write to the editor.


The scientific career of Jean Van Bladel is briefly reviewed followed by an overview of recent research results obtained in the university department he founded 1964.


Background Purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical efficiency of 3D-printed permanent and provisional implant cemented fixed bridges produced via CAD/CAM technology using an interim and a permanent ceramic filled hybrid material. Material and Methods Two groups with twenty specimens each were designed and 3D-printed via digital light processing technology (DLP). A fracture strength test was performed. Statistical analysis was performed (p>0.05) for impression distance and force. Results For the fracture resistance and impression distance no significant difference (p = 0.643) were detected. The specimens of interim resin showed a mean value of 365.90 ± 86.67 N. Whereas specimens of permanent ceramic filled hybrid material showed a mean value of 363.45 ± 87.57 N. Conclusions In this in vitro study 3D-printed ceramic filled hybrid material and interim resin based on methacrylic acid esters showed an acceptable resistance to bite forces with no differences in fracture mechanism. Key words:CAD-CAM, dental resin, 3D printing.


Over the past five decades, LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 single crystals and thin films have been studied intensively for their exceptional acoustic, electro‐optical, and pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties. Today, LiNbO3 single crystals in electro‐optics are equivalent to silicon in electronics, and about 70% of radio‐frequency (RF) filters, based on surface acoustic waves, are fabricated on these single crystals. These materials in the form of thin films are needed urgently for the development of the next‐generation of high‐frequency and/or wide‐band RF filters or tuneable frequency filters adapted to the fifth generation of infrastructures/networks/communications. The integration of LiNbO3 films in guided nanophotonic devices will allow higher operational frequencies, wider bandwidth, and miniaturized optical devices in line with improved electronic conversion. Here, the challenges and the achievements in the epitaxial growth of LiTaO3 and LiNbO3 thin films and their integration with silicon technology and to acoustic and guided nanophotonic devices are discussed in detail. The systematic representation and classification of all epitaxial relationships reported in the literature have been carried out in order to help the prediction of the epitaxial orientations in the new heterostructures. Future prospects of potential applications and the expected performances of thin film devices are overviewed, as well.


A Root Canal (RC) obturation that fully occupies that prepared canal space contributes to treatment success. Invasive methods that involve sectioning of treated teeth have been used evaluate the quality of RC obturation. The aim of this study was to measure the amount of filling material in RC treated teeth using imaging methods: Cone Beam Computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D volumetric imaging software. These methods will be applied in an analysis of both Warm Vertical (WV) and Cold Lateral (CL) obturation methods. This non-invasive approach may be a preliminary step for future in vivo research. A noninvasive 3D imaging method was able to measure volume of RC fillings. Canals filled using WV contained a greater percentage of empty space than canals filled using the CL method in this study. This method could prove to be an efficient, cost effective tool for evaluating obturation material.


Science classes should support students' development of scientific argumentation. While previous studies have analyzed argumentative texts, they have overlooked the ways in which other types of representations, including images, affect the production of such texts. In addition, studies into the use of visual images in science education have offered mostly qualitative analyses. To fill these gaps in the research, this study used techniques of automated image processing to extract relevant information from student‐generated visual artifacts. Specifically, it used a series of image‐processing algorithms to automatically extract and quantify features of images created by students to serve as evidence in support of scientific arguments. Using various statistical analyses, we identified the relationships between the extracted features and the students' performance levels in constructing scientific arguments. The results revealed that the presence of water in a student's image correlated significantly with that student's claim and explanation scores and that the amount of water present in a student's image correlated significantly with that student's claim score, but not with their explanation score. These results indicate that automatic image processing can successfully identify image features that affect students' performance in scientific argumentation. Using this analysis as an example, we discuss implications for incorporating automated image processing into further research into scientific argumentation and the development of automated feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


Motivated by recent studies on political connections and stock price crash risk, this study investigates whether there is an association between politically connected (POLCON) firms and stock price crash risk. Further, we examine whether institutional investors' ownership can moderate this association. Using a dataset of Malaysian firms for the period 2002–2012, we show that POLCON firms are associated with higher risk of stock price crashes. However, the positive association between POLCON and stock crashes is attenuated by higher institutional ownership, implying effective monitoring. Finally, we find that only local institutional investors can significantly mitigate the positive association between POLCON firms and stock price crash risk. This suggests that different types of institutional investors can produce different monitoring outcomes in POLCON firms.


An assessment was made of the extent of charging induced in a patterned multilayer-based extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask and a model mask structure by exposure to EUV radiation. An aluminum subtractive metal lithography mask, consisting of ∼1700 A of Al spaced from underlying Mo/Si multilayer by ∼500–700 A of SiO2, was taken as representative of subtractive metal masks in general. Photoelectron spectra measured from patterned and model mask Al samples during EUV exposures were compared with spectra from samples known not to be charging. These studies indicate that EUV-induced charging of the Al absorber layer in the subtractive metal masks is zero to within ∼0.4 V accuracy. We speculate that the mask does not charge up due to an increase in the electrical conduction of the SiO2 spacer layer upon EUV irradiation. Irradiation of the spacer will create large numbers of low-energy secondary electrons in the SiO2 conduction band, providing a conducting path from the Al absorber layer to the electrically grounde...


The paper analyzes the severe earthquake effects of ground vibration,land surface rupture,foundation failure and slope landslide on high-elevated transport engineering structures,which usually lead to displacement,sink,deformation and fracture of pier-type foundation of structures and thus produce severe damages to structures.Based on thorough analysis,this paper presents major prevention treatments against seismic geological disaster effects on high-elevated transport engineering structures and makes suggestions on engineering seismic surveys from the aspect of seismic safety evaluation of engineering sites.


121Background: Pediatric oncology patients are known to have high symptom burden. The pediatric oncology population is a natural fit for early integration of palliative care (PC), yet there are often systemic and communication barriers. We assessed oncologists and supportive care providers' beliefs about PC and described how well prognosis is currently communicated between clinical team members and families. Methods: Primary Children's Hospital (PCH) is the only pediatric tertiary care hospital serving the Mountain West region. We conducted surveys and semi-structured interviews with all pediatric oncologists at PCH (N = 12) and supportive care providers such as nurses and social workers (N = 13). Surveys were also administered to caregivers of patients (N = 23). Descriptive statistics were generated. Results: Oncologists and and supportive care providers differ even in their beliefs about who should receive PC and when it should begin. 41.7% (N = 5) of attending pediatric oncologists strongly agreed that...


The functions of Trp612, Leu734, and Tyr736 of Euphorbia tirucalli β‐amyrin synthase were examined. The aliphatic variants (Ala, Val, Met) of Trp612 showed almost no activity, but the aromatic variants exhibited high activities: 12.5 % of the wild‐type activity for the W612H variant, 43 % for W612F, and 63 % for W612Y. That is, the enzymatic activities of the variants increased in proportion to the increase in π‐electron density. Thus, the major function of Trp612 is to stabilize transient cations through a cation–π interaction. The Phe and Tyr variants caused a distorted folding conformation, especially at the E‐ring site, which generated the aberrantly cyclized products germanicol and lupeol. The L734G and L734A variants exhibited significantly decreased activities but yielded taraxerol in a high production ratio. The Val, Ile, and Met variants showed markedly high activities (56–78 % of wild‐type activity); therefore, appropriate steric bulk is required at this position. The aliphatic variants of Tyr736 showed markedly decreased activities, but the Phe mutant exhibited high activity (67 %), which indicates that the π electrons are critical for catalysis. Homology modeling indicated that Tyr736 and Leu734 are perpendicular to the substrate and are situated face to face, which suggests that a CH–π interaction occurs between Tyr736 and Leu734, reinforcing the protein architecture, and that Tyr736 cannot stabilize cationic intermediates through a cation–π interaction.


The analysis of the duration of the productive use of Kholmogorsky and Sychevsky cow breed was based on different methods of breeding.


A practical monitoring scheme for remotely supervising high-voltage power transmission lines through radio and intelligently diagnosing their operation situations based on a fuzzy expert systems (FES) approach is presented in this paper. The monitoring procedure finally provides operators with the power-line operation state and faults, if any, as well as the corresponding causes, which are deduced by the FES reasoning mechanism. The paper mainly focuses on the outline of the monitoring construction and its related principles for remote data transmission and intelligent reasoning.


A method for determining the minimum dimension of a personal computer and designed by the process of the personal computer, wherein an optical disk drive and a heat dissipation means are placed next to each other so that they define a length and a width of the computer, then the size of a motherboard according to the length and the width is defined as the highest arranged on the motherboard electronic component and the optical disk drive are stacked so that they define a height that the electronic components are arranged on the motherboard and the motherboard, the optical disk drive and the heat dissipation means are arranged in a housing with a length, width and height in order to obtain the minimum dimension of the computer.


The development of ionic conductors with extreme stretchability, superior ionic conductivity, and harsh‐environment resistance is urgent while challenging because the tailoring of these performances is mutually exclusive. Herein, a hydrophobicity‐constrained association strategy is presented for fabricating a liquid‐free ion‐conducting fluorinated elastomer (ICFE) with microphase‐separated structures. Hydrophilic nanodomains with long‐range ordering and selectively enriched Li ions provided high‐efficient conductive pathways, yielding impressive room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 3.5 × 10–3 S m–1. Hydrophobic nanodomains with abundant and reversible hydrogen bonds endow the ICFE with superior damage‐tolerant performances including ultrastretchability (>6000%), large toughness (17.1 MJ m–3) with notch insensitivity, antifatigue ability, and high‐efficiency self‐healability. Due to its liquid‐free characteristic and surface‐enriched hydrophobic nanodomains, the ICFE demonstrates an extreme temperature tolerance (−20 to 300 °C) and unique underwater resistance. The resultant ICFE is assembled into a proof‐of‐concept skin‐inspired sensor, showing impressive capacitive sensing performance with high sensitivity and wide‐strain‐range linearity (gauge factor to 1.0 in a strain range of 0–350%), excellent durability (>1000 cycles), and unique waterproofness in monitoring of complex human motions. It is believed that the hydrophobicity‐constrained association method boosts the fabrication of stretchable ionic conductors holding a great promise in skin‐inspired ionotronics with harsh‐environment tolerance.


Salient Object Detection (SOD) plays an important role in many image-related multimedia applications. Although there are many existing research works about the salient object detection in traditional RGB (visible-light spectrum) images, there are still many complex situations that regular RGB images cannot provide enough cues for the accurate SOD, such as the shadow effect, similar appearance between background and foreground, strong or insufficient illumination, etc. Because of the success of near-infrared spectrum in many computer vision tasks, we explore the multi-spectral SOD in the synchronized RGB images and near-infrared (NIR) images for the both simple and complex situations. We assume that the RGB SOD in the existing RGB image datasets could provide references for the multi-spectral SOD problem. In this paper, we mainly model this research problem as a deep learning based domain adaptation from the traditional RGB image data (source domain) to the multi-spectral data (target domain), and an adversarial deep domain adaptation model is proposed. We first collect and will publicize a large multi-spectral dataset, RGBN-SOD dataset, including 780 synchronized RGB and NIR image pairs for the multi-spectral SOD problem in the simple and complex situations. Intensive experimental results show the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed deep domain adaptation for the multi-spectral SOD. Besides, due to the absence of research on the field of multi-spectral co-saliency detection, we also collect 200 synchronized RGB and NIR image pairs in addition to explore the multi-spectral co-saliency detection.


The purpose of the study was to find out the Influence of silambam practices and yogic practices on speed and flexibility among u-17 female sprinters. In order to achieve the purpose of the study forty five female district level sprinters (100M, 200M, 400M, 4×100M, 4×400M, 100M Hurdles and 400M Hurdles), were randomly selected from Ramanathapuram city higher secondary schools and they were equally divided in to three groups of fifteen each as experimental group-I, experimental group-II and control group. The experimental groups and control group undergone normal routine athletic practices and in addition the experimental group-I underwent silambam practices and experimental group-II underwent yogic practices for one hour in the morning sessions. The control group was not given any special training. The period of training was eight weeks in a schedule of weekly three days for alternate days. The data were collected on the selected dependent variables before and after the training period. The collected the data were statistically analyzed by using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Scheffe's post hoc test. To test the significance .05 level of confidence was fixed. Based on the results the study it was concluded that the silambam practices and yogic practices were significantly improved the speed and flexibility among district level sprinters.


Ecological environmental security in karst areas is an issue of global concern. Identifying the ecological landscape security pattern (ELSP) is key to promoting environmental protection and alleviating the land development and utilization impacts. Ecological sources (ESs) and ecological corridors (ECs) are important bases for constructing an ELSP. We used five influencing factors (land use type, digital elevation model (DEM), rocky desertification degree, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and slope) to obtain the distribution of the importance and sensitivity values of ecosystem services in Guanling County, Guizhou Province. The probability of the connectivity index (PC) was calculated, and the ES was extracted by combining the importance of ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity, and landscape connectivity. According to the topographic and geomorphological characteristics of Guanling County, seven indicators of elevation, slope, landscape type, degree of stone desertification, distance from rivers, distance from settlements, and distance from roads were selected as resistance factors for the outward expansion of the ESs to calculate the comprehensive resistance surface of Guanling County. Based on the gravity model, an interaction matrix between 10 ESs was constructed, and the magnitude of the interaction forces between the source sites was quantitatively evaluated to distinguish the important ECs and general ECs. The study showed that the total length of the ECs in Guanling County was 509.78 km, and the core area of Guanling County was large, accounting for 65.73% of the ecological landscape area. By assessing the importance of ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity, and landscape connectivity, 10 ES and 45 EC were obtained based on ArcGIS10.8, which constituted the landscape security pattern of Guanling County by ESs and ECs. Suggestions were proposed for a planning layout that will benefit the ecological restoration of Guanling County and environmental protection of the karst region according to the study area characteristics.


This paper examines opinion and editorial page articles from the Turkish Daily News and Today's Zaman, Turkey's two leading English‐language daily papers, in the lead‐up to the July 2007 presidential elections in Turkey. Though both papers present themselves as liberal dailies with independent editorial practices and similar missions of informing the sizeable business, diplomatic, and tourist populations in the country, their ownership by Turkey's leading media conglomerate (the Dogan group own Turkish Daily News) and a moderately Islamic media conglomerate (Feza Group owns Today's Zaman) give reason to suggest that differences of mission might emerge. This is especially true in a country like Turkey, where the Islamic/secularist divide is increasingly pronounced and where business ownership of media groups is frequently viewed as a mode of publicity investment and a means to political ends. The Turkish setting is also unique in the high level of respect accorded to columnists relative to other newspaper writers. This paper examines the discursive strategies of columnists from the two papers by highlighting the presentation styles, themes, and party valence emphasized by each paper in the three weeks prior to the 22 July elections. It finds more effective presentation strategies in Today's Zaman and a greater breadth of discourse in the Turkish Daily News.


ABSTRACT This paper presents a coupled wave-based/genetic algorithm approach for vibration mitigation in a structure built on a pile group. The wave-based method considers the structure and foundation as a whole waveguide system in which the equations of wave propagation at waveguides and wave refraction at discontinuities are solved analytically using Timoshenko beam theory. These solutions are then assembled and solved numerically within a single system matrix. To model the ground, the viscoelastic soil around the piles is modelled using spring-dashpot elements. The wave-based method is used to evaluate a fitness function within a genetic algorithm procedure, and the resulting coupled tool is used for finding the optimal geometric characteristics of a pile group. The obtained results highlight the efficiency of the wave-based approach to be used in heuristic optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithm. In addition, it is observed that the optimal layout of the pile group depends significantly on loading frequency and soil properties.


This Research Is Aimed To Explain How Masculine Stereotype, Which Has Been Culturally Symbolized And Exploited In Wrangler Jeans' Advertisements From 1990's To 2000's, Becomes The Reflection Of The Social Condition In America. This Research Is Intended To Find Out How Wrangler Jeans Respond To Men's Societal Status In Current Time. This Research Is A Qualitative Research Which Uses Nine Sources Of Data I.E.: Adaptcreative.Co.Uk, Coloribus.Com, Davewilsoncreative.Com, Devinitivetouch.Com, Drydales.Com, Ebay.Com, I-Ebaying.Com, Pzrservices.Typepad.Com, And Vintageadbrowser.Com Where The Series Of Advertisements Are Found. The Primary Data Are Images, Expressions, Colors, Gaze, Gestures, Words, Sentences And All The Photographic Elements On The Advertisements. The Secondary Data Such As: Books, Articles, And Journals Are Used To Support The Primary Data. This Research Is Conducted Under The Frame-Work Of American Studies. As Consequence, This Research Employs Interdisciplinary Study Which Needs Several Theories And Approaches Such As Semiotics, Gender Perspective, Socio- Historical Approach And Socio-Cultural Approach To Answer The Research Question.
The Result Shows That 1990's To 2000's Became The Significant Years Of Change For Men Role In Public Spheres. Wrangler Is A Masculine Jeans Fashion Brand Whose Image Is Associated With American Mid-West Traditional Values; Cowboy. In Fact, Wrangler Advertisements Employ Various Masculine Representations, E.G: Rough, Rebels, Sport Men, Musicians And Metrosexuals. Wrangler Jeans' Advertisements Tried To Empower And Bring Back Men's Traditional Role. Moreover, Wrangler Used Hegemonic Masculinity In The Advertisements To Impose The Society With Its Traditional Concept Of Masculinity.


The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a mycotoxin deactivator in diets containing added mycotoxins for gestating and lactating gilts on their performance. A total of 60 gilts (LD x LW) were used. After insemination the gilts were distributed among 3 dietary treatments according to a randomized block design: a negative control (CON); mycotoxin positive control (Myc); and a positive control added a mycotoxin deactivator (Myc+Deact 2 kg/ton; Unike®Plus, Adisseo). The total mycotoxins levels added to the diets 2 and 3 from d 75 of gestation until farrowing were: DON at 2.5 mg/kg, FBs at 10 mg/kg, and ZEA at 0.75mg/kg. Sows received the experimental diets from d 75 of gestation until weaning (i.e. 21 d). At farrowing, total number of piglets born, born alive, stillborn, and mummies were measured. Piglets were individually weighed 24-h post-farrowing, and at weaning to determine litter performance during lactation. The effects of diet composition, blocks and initial weight were tested according to a general linear procedure analysis of variance (GLM procedure of SAS). During gestation, treatments influenced (P = 0.022) sow mortality rate: CON had no mortality and Myc 15.8% and Myc+deact 10.5%. Same observation was made for the lactation period (P = 0.017): CON showed a lower mortality rate compared to the mycotoxin fed sows (5.0 vs. 31.2 vs. 11.8%, respectively for CON, Myc and Myc+deact). Sow milk production yield was greater (P = 0.021) in CON (11.66 vs. 9.53 vs. 9.67 kg/ d, respectively for CON, Myc and Myc+deact). As a consequence of that, treatments also influenced piglet (P = 0.047) and litter (P = 0.048) weight with a higher value for CON sows, followed by Myc+deact and Myc. Our findings showed that the use of the deactivator can mitigate the negative effects on performance when animals are subjected to diets contaminated by challenging levels of mycotoxins.


Somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), substance P1 and neurotensin were investigated in mice with regard to their cellular localization in gut and pancreas and their effects on stimulated insulin secretion. Immunohistochemical demonstration of the different peptides revealed the following distribution. PP cells were confined to the pancreatic islets where they seemed to be in close association with the glucagon cells. They were especially abundant in the duodenal part of the pancreas. Somatostatin cells were found in pancreatic islets as well as throughout the gastrointestinal tract. In contrast to PP cells, somatostatin and glucagon cells were more numerous in the splenic part of the pancreas. Scattered endocrine cells displaying substance P immunoreactivity were found mainly in the duodenum, whereas neurotensin cells predominated in the jejuno-ileum. In addition, substance P immunoreactivity was demonstrated in nerves of the intestinal wall. Neither substance P cells nor neurotensin cells could be ...


This paper is focused on fatigue crack initiation and early growth in two-phase titanium alloy VT3-1 (similar to Ti-6Al-4V) under VHCF loads. The material was produced by two different processes: forging and extrusion. Each kind of material was investigated under three different loading types (push-pull, pull-pull and fully reversed torsion). Fracture surfaces of the tested specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for getting information on crack initiation sites and surrounded fracture surface zones. The results of such analysis were compared with microstructure of the titanium alloy for establishing a crack initiation and early crack growth mechanisms. It was found that crack initiation in this alloy is caused by single or an agglomeration ("cluster") of alpha-platelets. Under fully reversed tension the fatigue life seems to depend on the geometry of alpha-platelets clusters whereas under tension tension loading such dependence was not observed. However, materials with larger alpha-platelets clusters (macro-zones) have a lower VHCF resistance. The comparison of tension and torsion VHCF test results show a higher slop of the S-N curve under torsion than under tension for both forged and extruded titanium alloys. Nonetheless, some similarities in crack initiation and propagation scenarios were outlined between tension and torsion loadings.


Products with severe malformations have a high risk of mortality during pregnancy, delivery and the postnatal period. The situation is complicated when these malformations are unexpected encounters at the time of delivery as it happened in the case described. After a pregnancy without complications, a product of 35 weeks is born with signs of severe malformation that turns out to be trisomy13...


It is common nowadays for a person to suffer an injury as a result of a widespread illegal practice by a particular entity. Individual redress mechanisms prove to be insufficient. It is therefore crucial to provide a suitable way for an injured party to achieve remedy. Collective litigation serves this exact purpose.
This article defines opt-in and opt-out systems of collective redress, asseses their strengths and weaknesses and offers possible solutions. The author does not omit two related topics: time limits for opt-in and opt-out, and notice of initiation of the proceeding. The article also contains a comparative study of Danish, Norwegian, Dutch, Portuguese, British and Belgian systems as representatives of opt-out systems. Lastly, the article also describes the current state in the Czech Republic, where a debate is currently taking place over the possible form of collective redress.
The aim of this article is to provide a complex view of pros and cons of the opt-out system of group proceedings and to show that the opt-out system can be functional and suitable for collective redress.


This study aims to review various articles that discuss numeracy literacy studies published in journals in the field of education in Indonesia. This research is categorized as a literature review. The information data used was obtained from scientific journals with Science and technology index (SINTA) accreditation. Information was collected by taking publishing data from 2019 to 2022. Researchers reviewed, analyzed, and collaborated to evaluate, compile and review the findings obtained. Selecting 10 published articles that examine numeracy literacy, consisting of 6 types of qualitative research approaches, 3 quantitative research approaches, and 1 classroom action research article. The results of the literature review found that there were still articles that were not representative in explaining the number of research subjects, not in-depth in explaining the number of meetings in each cycle, and discussions that were still not optimal in answering problems rationally. However, in general, the results of the article review have provided information systems and have excellent references in describing specific concepts. The recommendation of the collaboration results is that in addition to deepening the methodological study, namely the research subject and the number of meetings in one cycle, it also requires modeling in writing articles that are solutions to each problem in the study. Modeling can be in the form of motivation and reinforcement given to improve learners' numeracy literacy in accordance with the vision of the national literacy movement in Indonesia.


Religious revival occupies an important place in the overall process of democratic transformation. Return society to traditional spiritual values has caused interest to the essence of Christian social thought. In modern Ukraine Christian socialism may become one of departing point of a national idea generation. Christian thinkers Russian of emigration worked on the problem of overcoming of distortions the materialistic totalitarian of socialist ideas. Ideas of social justice in the Ukrainian society acquire new meaning and require the corresponding theoretical study. Creative heritage figures of Christian philosophy Russian abroad may become the basis of the study. Modern scholars of the creative heritage of the Russian emigration have gained a certain material and identified research areas for further research.Theory of Christian socialism in Russia is the result of finding a solution to the complex issues of economic, social and political development of the Russian Empire. Development ideas of Christian socialism in Russia was based on the Orthodox doctrine. Russian intelligentsia in finding solutions to social problems for a long time did not pay attention to religious issues. In beginning XX century certain groups of intellectuals and clerics begin to cooperation. This is caused by the ideological influence of religious and social ideas of V. Soloviev, F. Dostoevsky and L. Tolstoy and the events of the First Russian revolution. Christian socialism as a political phenomenon has received the most theoretical justification in Russia and France. Practical implementation of the program provisions Christian socialism took place in major Western European countries. Russia has failed to use achieve its own of social thought for improving the prosperity of and quality of life. Active development of of theoretical propositions of Christian socialism among Russian emigration engaged historian and philosopher G. Fedotov, theologian and S. Bulgakov Orthodox priest, philosopher and religious thinker S. Frank. Religious idealism influenced the political conception of philosophy N. Berdyaev and I. Ilyin, economist and public figure Struve, lawyer N. Alekseev and many other outstanding Russian scientists emigrants. Theologian S. Bulgakov criticizes the socialism. Emphasizes that socialism put forward the idea of the struggle for personal and economic interests of the class. Socialism and Christianity should complement each other. Christianity the spirituality fills the socialism. Socialism provides an economic basis to achieve the Christian ideal of universal brotherhood and love. Socialism of totalitarian society deprives a person of economic independence. State takes freedom of choice and provides stability to society and the people. But there is a serious contradiction. Socialism itself wants to become a religion. Bulgakov distinguishes three types of socialism. Materialistic socialism builds heaven on earth. Atheistic socialism has been fighting against religion itself becomes a religion. Christian socialism creates the material conditions of human spiritual development. Private property is essential for the organization of economic life of society. The task of Christians is to explain objectives of socialism, which carries the idea of Christian brotherhood and love. Christianity must be protected from the influence of social vices economy, powers and property. The problem of protecting the ideals of religion is important for all religions and ideologies. A true Christian should pray, think and act in a Christian manner. Christianity should permeate all aspects of society. True socialism is realized in a free society. In the opinion of S. Frank full implementation of the principles of Christian love can be under the domination of private property and social inequality. In the implementation of Christian justice plays a major role motivation and means. Social stability and high standard of living are the result of setting the boundaries of economic freedom. Scientific analysis of the problems of Christian socialism will help in finding ways to overcome totalitarian deformations of socialist ideas.


The CUA exists to promote the highest standard of urologie care for Canadians and to advance the art and science of urology. The executive of the CUA continues to work on the objectives outlined in our recently developed 5-year strategic plan. A ll of our first-year goals w ill be reported on and updated at our upcoming board meeting in January 2015. Our goal to enhance the Socioeconomic/Health Policy Committee is in process under the leadership of Dr. Sidney Radomski. I encourage all of our members to familiarize themselves with our strategic plan and become involved with its implementation. Our Corporate Office would be pleased to hear from you. The Canadian Task Force on Preventative Health Care (CTFPHC) has recently released a clinical practice guideline on the prostate-specific antigen test.1 This document has generated significant attention from our patient population. A working group/panel of uro-oncologists, supported by the CUA, has developed a critique and retort to the CTFPHC guideline that is intended to assist our members in its interpretation and applicability to prostate cancer screening. This statement is available on the CUA website and was sent by email to our membership the same day as the release of the CTFPHC guideline.2 I thank the members of the panel: Tony Finelli, Rodney Breau, Laurence Klotz, Joseph Chin and Martin Gleave for their commitment and effort on behalf of our members. Our Association aims to be relevant to our members and intends to remain "The Voice of Urology in Canada."


aeronautical integrated structure (10) of a composite material comprising a coating (13), a plurality of stringers (15) and a plurality of ribs (17); the stringers (15) and frames (17) so that zones of junction between them are arranged; comprising frames (17) holes for the passage of the stringers (15) in their intersection areas; at least one inner reinforcing element (31), made of a composite material of at least one stringer (15) in a section (18) located between two frames (17) contiguous; said inner reinforcing element (31) having a bottom (33) formed with a suitable shape to overlie the stringer (15) in said section (18) characterized in that the reinforcing element further comprises a top (35) configured with comprising a core (37) and a head (39); including, respectively, the bottom (33) and the web (37) at their ends flaps (48, 49) binding frame webs (17) contiguous; including the bottom (33) supporting feet in the coating (13).


13. TRPV1 AND TRPV4 ANTAGONISTS HAVE A SYNERGISTIC EFFECT DURING CYSTITIS. Charrua A, Cruz C, Boudes M, De Ridder D, Cruz F TRPV1 and TRPV4 are known to be expressed in the urinary bladder. TRPV1 is present both in the urothelium and in the urinary bladder nerve fibres. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of TRPV1-TRPV4 in L6-S1 DRG population that projects to the urinary bladder, during cystitis, and to study inflamed urinary bladder reflex activity after co-application of TRPV1 and TRPV4 antagonists. Although there a drastic reduction on TRPV1 and TRPV4 co-expression on L6-S1 DRG during inflammation these receptors seem to have synergistic activity. This may be highly relevant for the therapy since it is expected to overcome potential side effects of each antagonist, such as TRPV1 antagonist induced-hyperthermia or TRPV4 antagonist-induced urinary retention/overflow incontinence.


Summary form only given, as follows. Describes the results of two-dimensional calculations of the helical explosive magnetic generators (HEMG). Helical EMG is an inductive generator of magnetic energy (up to 30 MJ). The HEMG operation principle is based on magnetic field compression in a helical coil by means of an expanding metal armature placed coaxially into the coil center. As the result of circuit compression, its inductance drops, while its magnetic energy and current rise. The calculations were made to get the magnetic fields pattern evolution in time inside and outside the helical coil during the expansion of the HEMG central armature. The use of the vector potential permits the number of calculated components of magnetic field to be reduced and, as a result of it, to use a personal computer for calculations. Magnetic fields, voltages, forces affecting the coil conductor and mechanic deformations caused by these forces are calculated. The results of the calculation are presented as a film, which permits the observation in a frame-by-frame mode of the distribution of parameters along the coil and to correlate the peculiarities of load current derivative with the expanding armature position. Moving the other way in time, i.e. from the load, the calculation technique permits the synthesis of the parameters of the coil being designed on the basis of the given limitations.


the Article is devoted to problem of mathematical modeling of medical-diagnostic process. An approach is proposed to build a model of the class of controlled stochastic processes with memory. Conceptual framework of the model has a clear meaningful interpretation of the medical special


Bachelor work focus on education system of seniors. Describe old age, sciences focus on education of adults and seniors. There is outline concept lifelong learning, aims, factors, barrier and methods in education of seniors. There are also forms of education of seniors. The survey is about satisfaction of learners with education at University of the third age.


The concept of "New Religious Movement" has frequently been used to describe a religious phenomenon of the 20th century. Other concepts which have been applied to the same phenomenon, such as "New Religion" and "Independent Church", have the disadvantage of being too narrow in one or the other respect. H.W. Turner, prob ably, is the scholar who has written most extensively on this new global phenomenon, giving special attention to the African continent. In a lecture given in 1976 which was taken over as the opening essay into his volume Religious Innovation in Africa, Turner gave the fol lowing description: "The forms taken by these movements are so varied and the points of view from which they have been described are so diverse, that it is not surprising to find them described by many different names: thus we have prophet, syncretist, messianic or millennial movements, in dependent or separatist churches, nativistic or revitalization move ments, crisis or deprivation cults, adjustment movements and the over publicized and little understood cargo cults of Melanesia." (Turner 1979: 5; cf. 1976: 13; 1985: 87). This description is still valid today. The variety of names has be come even greater in the meantime. Such a variety of names is problematic, however, if those names are to be used as scientific concepts. Discussion of this phenomenon will be very difficult and confusing if nobody knows, for instance, whether "prophetic" and "charismatic" are synonymous or whether "movement" and "church" are used interchangeably. Turner has always been very much aware of this terminological problem (Turner 1976: 13; 1977: 27f.). He proposed "New Religious Movement" as a generic term and he made several efforts to develop a typology that would be rich and comprehensive enough to cover the variety of phenomena (Turner 1967; 1979; 1988). Regarding the African context he distin


There are many natural ingredients that can be used as traditional medicine, namely red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale roscoe var rubrum) and kencur rhizome (Kaempferia galanga L.) which has benefits such as anti-inflammatory, and reduce pain. The aim of this research is to know whether or not pharmaceutical preparation of red ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale roscoe var rubrum), kempur (Kaempferia galanga L.), clove oil and methyl salicylate using combination of solid paraffin base. Cream of red ginger rhizome and kencur rhizome is made using different concentration of solid paraffin that is Formula 1 (1,5%), Formula 2 (2%), and Formula 3 (2,5%). Tests performed on this cream are physical quality test of cream include organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, viscosity test, adhesion test, spreading test, emulsion type test and accelerated stability test include Freeze Thaw test, centrifugation test. Data analysis using statistic using Anova one way with continued test of SNK with 95% confidence level. The results showed that the preparation of red ginger rhizome and kencur rhizome with variation concentration of 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% can be made antiinflammatory cream that meet the physical quality test and good stability.
Keywords: Cream, red ginger rhizome, kencur rhizome


We investigated, via small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy, the morphologies of binary blend of polyisoprene-b-polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (ISP) triblock terpolymer and polyisoprene-b-polystyrene (IS) diblock copolymer. An asymmetric ISP with volume fractions (f) of 0.12, 0.75, and 0.13 for PI, PS, and P2VP blocks, respectively, showed a new morphology: coexistence of spheres and cylinders with tetragonal packing. Asymmetric IS with fI = 0.11 and fS = 0.89 showed conventional body-centered cubic spherical microdomains. Very interestingly, a binary blend of ISP and IS with overall volume fractions of fI = 0.12, fS = 0.79, and fP = 0.09 exhibited core–shell double gyroid (CSG: Q230 space group), where PI consists of thin core and PS forms thick shell, while P2VP becomes thin matrix. It is very unusual to form CSG even at highly asymmetric volume fractions.


$G$ into $G_{c}$ . (2) For a Cartan subalgebra $\mathfrak{h}_{c}$ of $\mathfrak{g}_{C}$ , let $\rho$ be half the sum of positive roots of $(\mathfrak{g}_{C}, \mathfrak{h}_{c})$ . Then $\xi_{\rho}(\exp X)=\exp(\rho(X))(X\in \mathfrak{h}_{c})$ defines a character of $H_{C}$ into $c*$ . We assume that $G$ is acceptable throughout this paper. For an irreducible quasi-simple representation $\pi$ of $G$ , we can associate $\pi$ with an infinitesimal character $\lambda\in \mathfrak{h}_{c}^{*}$ , where $\mathfrak{h}_{c}^{*}$ is the complex dual of a Cartan subalgebra $\mathfrak{h}$ of $\mathfrak{g}$ . Also a distribution character $\Theta(\pi)$ of an irreducible quasisimple representation $\pi$ can be defined. We call $\Theta(\pi)$ an irreducible character of $\pi$ which has an infinitesimal character $\lambda$ . Let $V(\lambda)$ be the virtual character module of $G$ whose element has an infinitesimal character $\lambda$ . In many papers, representations of the Weyl group $W=W(\mathfrak{h}_{c})$ on the space


In their letter to the Editor, M.S. Zinter and G-S. Cheng raise concerns about the conclusion of our study that immunocompromised patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure who undergo fibreoptic bronchoscopy have inferior survival relative to those who do not undergo fibreoptic bronchoscopy. They offer an alternative explanation to our findings by emphasising the role of the time-varying nature of the bronchoscopy as well as the time-varying nature of other covariates, including illness severity leading up to bronchoscopy, when performing the propensity score matching. The decision-making process regarding whether to perform bronchoscopy in acute respiratory failure in immunosuppressed patients is complex and does not depend solely on severity http://bit.ly/2O9cjcq


Objective:To investigate the best method of treating recessive HPV infection by α-interferon.Methods:273 cases with recessive infection of HPV in genital tract were randomly divided into 3 groups: the first group was treated withα-interferon through hypodermic; the second group was injected withα-interferon through genital tract; and the third group was treated with α-interferon through hypodermic and the genital tract injection.The drug dosages were the same in the 3 groups.The method of PCR was used to detect HPV and its main subtype in cervix secretion before and after the intervention.Results:No statistical significance of the HPV positive rate in 3 groups was found before the intervention (P0.05), the effect of the joint treatment group excelled the other two obviously after the intervention (P0.05).Conclusion:α-interferon through hypodermic and the genital tract injection for the recessive HPV infection has very important clinical applied cost.


Recently increasing interest in using Object-Oriented (OO) methodologies for HW/SW co-designs has been observed. We consider that appropriate OO-based documentations on the analysis and design processes, such as the ones that describe various design decisions made in early design phases, are the most important issues for easier changes of specifications and also better IP re-use. With this motivation in mind, in this paper, we propose a novel and real OO analysis and design methodology for HW/SW co-design process. The proposed methodology can generate these behavioral descriptions from the start of the analysis of the target design. We applied our methodology for HW/SW co-designs to a design of a Compact Flash memory, a typical example of HW/SW co-design. Various documentations for the target HW/SW co-designs including the design analysis and decisions, which will be very useful for re-design in the case of changes of specifications and bug fixes, have been generated and documented.


Abstract Subsequent performance of the dam and normal daughter, in what was apparently the first double acardius amorphous case in the bovine, were in all respects normal and unaffected by birth. The two masses were apparently viable at birth and contained recognizable portions of bone but no detectable vascular system.


We present the first three-dimensional calculations of radiation-driven implosion of molecular clouds, including self-gravity and ionization. We discuss the effects of initial density perturbations on the dynamics of ionizing globules, and show that the onset of gravitational collapse can be significantly delayed for a multiple of the implosion time-scale. We demonstrate that radiation-driven implosion could be an efficient process for injecting disordered kinetic energy into molecular clouds in the vicinity of massive stars.


We present evidence of a 6.4 keV emission line during a burst from the soft gamma repeater SGR 1900+14. The Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) monitored this source extensively during its outburst in the summer of 1998. A strong burst observed on 1998 August 29 revealed a number of unique properties. The burst exhibits a precursor and is followed by a long (~103 s) tail modulated at the 5.16 s stellar rotation period. The precursor has a duration of ≈0.85 s and shows both significant spectral evolution as well as an emission feature centered near 6.4 keV during the first 0.3 s of the event, when the X-ray spectrum was hardest. The continuum during the burst is well fit with an optically thin thermal bremsstrahlung spectrum with the temperature ranging from ≈40 to 10 keV. The line is strong, with an equivalent width of ~400 eV, and is consistent with Fe Kα fluorescence from relatively cool material. If the rest-frame energy is indeed 6.4 keV, then the lack of an observed redshift indicates that the source is at least ~80 km above the neutron star surface. We discuss the implications of the line detection in the context of models for SGRs.


Poems written by rural workers is an important literary tendency in modern China.Those poems have advantages and deficiencies and limitations as well.There are mainly three deficiencies in such poems: first,their contents are confined to the sufferings and the intention of sanctification of their sufferings,and their overemphasis on moral responsibility and superiority;Second,the hatred for the city hinders their comprehensive understanding of the society;third,those poets don't have their individual comprehension of rural workers' fate and that of the society except their common sense.


A review of the research methodologies used to evaluate the effectiveness of pedestrian education programs for children is presented in this paper. Since pedestrian injuries are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among young children it is necessary to identify and evaluate interventions which will reduce the incidence and severity of these injuries. There are, however, many methodological difficulties to be overcome by researchers attempting to establish the merit of such programs. For example, selection bias in school-based programs, lack of strict criteria for follow-up of all subjects, and an inability to control for confounding because relevant variables are not rigorously monitored are just some of the methodological limitations. This paper identifies a number of limitations and aspects of evaluation which are of ten omitted and suggests ways in which these problems may be addressed in future research.


The vibration characteristics of the pipeline in gas liquid flow are investigated in this paper. The pipeline vibration which responds to pressure sensors and 3D laser measurement was analyzed. It shows that pipeline vibrations decrease in severe slug flow when gas flow rate increases and liquid flow rate keeps a constant. But when liquid flow rate increases and gas flow rate keeps a constant, at the first stage, the vibration increases and is up to a max amplitude, especially, in the slug flow. At the second stage, the amplitude of pipeline vibration decreases but the vibration frequency increases.


The use of an anti-VLA4 integrin antagonist or fragment thereof that binds to an alpha4 subunit containing integrin for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treating a mammal in, or at risk of, chronic renal failure antibody.


An economic relationship between agricultural production and groundwater pollution is established first by analyzing the problem in a dynamic setting. Using experimental data from 1987 to 1990 from three sites, optimal policy rules that would maintain the nitrate contamination level at the 10 mg/l standard over time are determined next. Nitrogen application rates are then determined based on the optimal policy rule and available residual nitrogen in the root-zone layer. It is shown that in the first year one of the sites should be fertilized at a lower-than-profit-maximizing rate while the other two sites should not be fertilized at all. Copyright 1997, Oxford University Press.


The integrated performance assessment of buildings can orient their design in the early stages. Despite the wide availability of physics simulation-based, data-driven, and hybrid techniques, it is often difficult to rely on a single, appropriate technique to obtain reliable results. A set of methods, each featuring advantages and limitations, help to refine the performance assessment in an iterative comparative process until a comprehensive picture of the building is achieved. The approach was implemented on a nearly zero-energy building, recently built-up as a combined living and office space (e.g., the SolAce unit) on the NEST infrastructure in Dübendorf (Switzerland). The proposed approach showed that the unit reaches high energy performance accordingly requiring optimal cooling management, involving the control of the opening of blinds and windows. A sound convergence between the computer simulations and data-driven analysis were observed, attesting to the overall energy consumption, of around 26 kWh/m2year, in continuous decrease, aiming at an annual energy-positive balance. The unit was ranked first according to the dynamic energy exchange scheme of the energy trading hub within the NEST facility, which features high-level building modules as a testbed of future building technologies. Embodied energy is estimated at 39 kWh/m2year, which is below the commended limits of Swiss eco-building standards. By considering the carbon sequestration of the wood products during their lifespan, the unit is very close to carbon neutrality with the CO2 emitted annually by the unit over its lifetime being compensated by those stored within wood products during the same period. Highlights: An innovative combined living/office space is connected to an 'Energy-hub'. The unit includes novel bioclimatic developments of the building industry. Energy performance is assessed in the concept phase, construction, and operation. Used and compared simulation vs data monitoring for energy and comfort assessment. High energy performance and neutral CO2 emission; plus-energy exported to the hub.


This article seeks to elucidate the philosophical sense of equality affirmed by Paulo Freire as a condition of a liberating education, for which "accepting and respecting difference" is another of its conditions. More specifically, it analyzes his statement that "nobody is superior to anyone else" (FREIRE, 2017, p. 119) in its logical, epistemological, educational and political dimensions. This analysis is developed in five sections. In the first section, a detailed and conceptual examination of the afore-mentioned phrase is proposed. In the second section, the paper considers the implications of this examination for an educational life inspired by Freirean thought; it specifically studies the sense of equality in the pedagogical relationship, that is, between teachers and learners. In the next section, it introduces the ideas of another advocate of equality in education, the French author Joseph Jacotot, in the early nineteenth century. In the fourth section, it compares Jacotot's ideas with those of Paulo Freire, highlighting commonalities and differences, both in their lives and in their educational thoughts. Finally, it draws some conclusions about the value of equality in education, inspired by the reading of these authors, in particular with regard to the place of knowledge and thinking in an emancipatory education.


Occupation career planning is an important means of professional people to raise their competitiveness. Employment competence training needs occupation career planning education,which should requires the coordination between academic,employment and entrepreneurial planning. University-enterprise cooperation is an important platform to improve college students' occupation career planning education. Adopting the method of"field work"can change the current weak situation of practice teaching and help students revise and improve the occupation career planning through the"in"and"out"interactive process.


The preponderance of minority presidents in modern democracies has concentrated the attention of researchers on the multiparty coalitions that presidents form to govern in legislative assemblies. This analysis of "coalitional presidentialism" has focused almost exclusively on presidential systems in Latin America, and Brazil in particular. It has understood multiparty presidential coalitions as cabinet-level constructs, which bind the support of parties in legislatures through portfolio payoffs. In this article, we explore this analysis in a non-Latin American context: post-Soviet Ukraine. Using original quantitative and qualitative data, we find that portfolio payoffs are an important tool for managing Ukrainian coalitions. But we also find that minority presidents have relied systematically on the support of legislative parties outside of the cabinet and have used different payoffs to manage their support. Given that this complexity also exists in other new democracies, we argue that there is a need to distinguish between cabinet-level and floor-level coalitions in minority presidential systems.


Background and objectives: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major health problem in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Several studies have found a strong association between chronic diseases and depression, some studies have specifically associated depression with SCD. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression in SCD patients in Bahrain. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the Arabic version of Beck Depression Inventory-II scale was used to measure the level of depression in 196 SCD adult patients. Demographic data were collected and assessed against the level of depression. Results: The prevalence of mild to severe depression was observed in 58.5% (n = 115) of patients, 39% (n = 76) were normal, and 2.5% (n = 5) were extremely depressed. The most prevalent symptoms were fatigue, change in sleeping pattern, and loss of energy, while suicidal ideation was the least common. The degree of sleep disturbance was associated with the level of depression (P = 0.0005). Gender was significantly associated with the level of depression (P = 0.031). Prevalence of mild to extreme depression in women and men was 74% and 57%, respectively (odd's ratio = 2.19; 95% confidence interval = 1.05–4.56; P = 0.035). Conclusion: Our results support the findings of previous studies, as they have revealed the high prevalence of depression in SCD patients. Thus, identifying and treating depression in SCD patients can improve their quality of life and their medical outcome.


The present invention relates to His- as therapeutic combinations for preventing and / or treating cancer, heart and vascular diseases, infectious diseases, fibrotic diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, or autoimmune diseases. Pro-Leu-Gln-Lys-Thr-Tyr-OH, and His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala the combination of -Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr- Leu-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-NH 2 on the use of.


This article analyses the workings of the gold standard. It points out the inconsistencies of the traditional view, based on Hume's price-specie flow mechanism, which ignores Adam Smith's "law of reflux" and the properties of a commodity money regime. Avoiding the aprioristic and excessively stylized character of the majority of analyses, the study discusses the adjustment mechanisms based on real economic history. This makes the issue easier to understand, as well as more concrete and less disconnected from effective reality, which, as recognized by many authors, is very difficult to explain from an orthodox perspective.


The invention discloses a preparation method of chiral higenamine. The chiral higenamine is prepared from 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid by the following steps: chlorination, acylation and asymmetric reduction, cyclization, asymmetric reduction, removal of protecting groups and the like. The preparation method has the advantages of high selectivity, simplicity, efficiency and the like. The ee. value of the product is over 95%, the purity of the product is high, and the total yield can reach 30%. Production and preparation in a large scale can be realized.


The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) is an international collaboration of researchers interested in Earth's near-space plasma environment. This group uses high frequency (HF) radars and backscatter from magnetic field-aligned plasma irregularities to study space weather manifested in the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere. Space weather impacts many technological systems including Global Positioning System (GPS), spacecraft orbits, power distribution, surveillance radar, HF communications and transpolar aviation. This thesis explores, in detail, the techniques and challenges of constructing, testing, and operating a newly designed SuperDARN HF radar. In modern times, the use of such frequencies for radar is limited to very specific applications and thus the topics presented are not common place. A new antenna design, the twin terminated folded dipole (TTFD), is analyzed along with the modeling results for several proposed and constructed phased arrays for this design. Finally, an initial radiation pattern measurement for the TTFD is presented and notes on how a similar measurement might be conducted on a TTFD phased array.


The measures were analyzed which affect construction safety in existing railway.It must be noticed in Construction Organization Planning of Existing Railway that are optimization of design and construction,reserves before constuction and safety management in special time interval.


The increasing ferocity and frequency of violence against Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) led to the enactment of the SCs/STs (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989. The law now forbade the practice of untouchability thus protecting marginalised communities against all forms of social injustice and exploitation. However, the ensuing years revealed many deficiencies in the Act and its enforcement leading to a demand to strengthen it. Subsequently, the SCs and STs Amendment Ordinance was issued in March 2014, followed by the enactment of the SCs and STs (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act 2015 that came into force in January 2016. However, barely two years later, the Supreme Court, proceeding on the assumption that there was rampant abuse of the law by SCs/STs struck a crippling blow to the legislation. In oder to protect public servants from being falsely implicated in cases under the Act, the Supreme Court, in a recent ruling (Dr Subhash K. Mahajan vs. State of Maharashtra) introduced procedural safeguards of such a fundamental nature that the law has been virtually rewritten and will profoundly impact the dalit's fight for social equality and justice.


We discuss the electron mobility (µ) of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined at the MgxZn1-xO/ZnO heterointerface grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. With increasing x from 0.05 to 0.2, the electron density (n) was enhanced and µ was suppressed due to interface roughness or alloy disorder scattering. By the optimization of growth conditions, in particular growth rate, ionized impurity scattering in the ZnO channel could be reduced significantly. With tuning n by a gate voltage on top-gated Hall-bar devices, the peak µ at 2 K was enhanced to 130,000 cm2 V-1 s-1 at n = 3×1011 cm-2.


An X-T-shaped connecting member comprises a rectangular web and X-shaped flange plate, the flange plate is provided with an X-shaped long and short axis of symmetry of the axis of symmetry, provided with bolt holes on both sides of the X-shaped flange plates, bolt holes arranged symmetrically to the longitudinal symmetry axis as the center, a rectangular web fixedly mounted on the longitudinal symmetry axis of the X-shaped flange plates, X-shaped opening in the flange plate there are 2n energy holes to the longitudinal symmetry axis centers of the two two symmetrical arrangement , located in the same rectangular web side of the n energy holes to the center of the short axis of symmetry is arranged, the cross-sectional outer contour line of energy holes is a continuous and smooth transition of the closed curve; energy hole positioned between the bolt hole and a rectangular web , and the spacing between the rectangular webs energy holes equal to 1.5 times greater than the thickness of the rectangular web, the bolt holes to holes energy X-shaped flange minimum distance of not less than 2 times the plate thickness. X and fabrication process to provide a T-shaped connector. The present invention effectively prevent the concentration of stress by a connection failure, energy dissipation and good economy.


There is increasing public awareness of the value of personal oral hygiene. People brush their teeth for a number of reasons: to feel fresh and confident, to have a nice smile, and to avoid bad breath and disease. Oral cleanliness is important for the preservation of oral health as it removes microbial plaque, preventing it from accumulating on teeth and gingivae (Choo et al 2001). Maintenance of effective plaque control is the cornerstone of any attempt to prevent and control periodontal disease. The benefits of optimal home-use plaque-control measures include the opportunity to maintain a functional dentition throughout life. Self-care has been defined by the World Health Organization as all the activities that the individual takes to prevent, diagnose and treat personal ill health by selfsupport activities or by referral to a healthcare professional for diagnosis and care (Claydon 2008). There is substantial evidence showing that toothbrushing and other mechanical cleansing procedures can reliably control plaque, provided that cleaning is sufficiently thorough and performed at appropriate intervals. Evidence from large cohort studies has demonstrated that high standards of oral hygiene will ensure the stability of periodontal Multi-Disciplinary Management of Periodontal Disease Edited by: PM Bartold, LJ Jin © 2012 Asian Pacific Society of Periodontology


The court of Albert and Isabella, 1598-1621 garrisons and empire Spain's strongholds in north-west Germany, 1589-1659 a Spanish project to defeat the Dutch without fighting the Rhine-Maas Canal, 1624-9 Olivares, the cardinal-infante and Spain's strategy in the Low Countries the road to Rocroi, 1635-43 art and diplomacy - Gerard Ter Borch and the Munster Peace negotiations, 1646-8 Spain and Europe from the Peace of Munster, (1648) to the Peace of the Pyrenees, 1648-54 Dutch Sephardi jewry, millenarian politics, and the struggle for Brazil, 1640-54 the diplomatic career of Jeronimo Nunes da Costa - an episode in Dutch-Portuguese relations of the seventeenth century Lopo Ramirez (David Curiel) and the attempt to establish a Sephardi community in Antwerp, 1653-54 the Jews of Spanish Oran and their expulsion in 1669 toleration in seventeenth-century Dutch and English thought William III and toleration England's mercantilist response to Dutch world trade primacy, 1647-74 the Amsterdam Stock Exchange and the English revolution of 1688 England, the Dutch and the struggle for mastery of world trade in the age of the glorious revolution Gregorio Leti, 1631-1701 and the Dutch Sephardi elite at the close of the seventeenth century the Dutch republic and the jews during the conflict over the Spanish succession, 1699-1715.


When we set something in motionwhether i t be an arrow, an automobile, or even a golf ball-we usually have some idea of where we want i t t o go. Even when we know where we a re going, conditions and events can cause delays and sometimes prevent achieving the intended objective. An automobile trip, for example, can be affected by hazards such a s weather, accidents, traffic congestion, detours, poor road conditions, and any number of other factors. But if we lack a clearly established direction or objective, we have less surmountable problems. We don't know how much fuel we will need, we can't anticipate hazards, we can't determine the best way t o go, and we can't ge t there from here. What is the point of this description of the obvious' It is simply to suggest that agriculture in the State of California, and for that mat ter in the United States , can be compared to an automobile in motion, but one whose objective has not been determined. The agricultural enterprise in California has been in motion for more than a century a t a ra te which has been accelerating rapidly during the past several decades, but we still don't know its route or i ts goal. We have spent most of our time and energy on factors which influence the ra te of motion, but almost no time a t all identifying i ts direction. Within the University the factors on which we have been working for the most par t deal with increasing the rate of motion, e.g., increasing productive output, reducing the cost per unit of motion, removing the hazards, and perhaps analyzing some of the possible routes. Other factors which affect the journey of agriculture a re the availability and costs of the inputs which fuel the journey such as land, water, mineral resources, financing, and a host of other important s tar ter ingredients. Factors which affect the journey, once started, include laws and regulations affecting resource use and availability, changes in direction brought about by changing conditions of labor supply, taxation policy, market variations, and even the weather. It is time, however, to look a t the agricultural journey as a total concept-start, ra te of motion, direction, and goal. All events which affect this journey are interrelated and must be evaluated in terms of how they contribute to the journey. The first thing we need t o do t o ensure a continued and successful journey is to identify our goal. California's policy makers, e.g., the Governor and/or the Legislature, reflecting the will of the people, must determine and articulate the goal for agriculture. I propose tha t the goal be: "Agriculture is to be maintained a s California's major essential industry." There are many reasons why this is a justifiable goal, but that is a topic requiring another essay. Once we have established where we stand and where we are going, all those involved in or contributing t o the agricultural enterprise would have an objective against which to measure and evaluate their decisions and their efforts. Knowing our direction and goal would be of immeasurable value to legislators and agency personnel a s they wrestle with laws and regulations affecting use of agricultural chemicals, labor management, land use, water development, energy requirements, marketing procedures, research and education investments. Until we know our goal, we will continue t o evaluate each event a s an isolated action complete within itself. This course of action can only lead to an erratic journey to nowhere. California's agricultural industry and those who depend on i ts activity should insist that i ts s ta tus and i ts destiny be defined.


Abstract : The report is a detailed account of the work carried out by UNIVAC pursuant to Contract Number DA-49-186AMC-34(X). It is of special interest in this contract to develop analytical tools which indicate circuit values in the construction of an all-fluid system, and which then predict its operating characteristics. In short, a circuit theory is to be formulated. An n-stage binary counter is selected for analysis, the foundations of which are the analogous equations of fluid flow and electrical current, and empirically formulated element characteristics.


The water potentials of canola branches and leaves were compared using a pressure chamber to determine whether they produced similar results. This study also investigated the magnitude of errors in the water status of canola resulting from re-cutting the branches, and the effects of delaying readings. The use of branches containing pods or pods and flowers/buds gave very good correlation with leaves. As this is the area of greatest photosynthesis and transpiration from mid-flowering, it provides an easily obtainable source material close to the main growth areas to measure plant water potential. Storage of both leaves and stems before measurement is an acceptable procedure if a large number of samples are required to be completed or portable equipment is not available provided precautions are taken to prevent moisture loss. Re-cutting the branch leads to lower water potential and should be avoided.


"Theory of cultural trauma: Estonian experience" (by Aili Aarelaid-Tart) turns to the recently emerged sociological notion of collective cultural trauma (J. Alexander, P. Sztompka e.a) using 72 in-depth interviews with Estonian intellectuals, who had their own life experiences of pre-soviet, soviet and post-soviet Estonia. Though agreeing with main thesis put forward by P. Sztompka that cultural trauma is linked to negative results of quick social changes and their collective internalization, author explores chance for an essential development of this theory. Estonians had lived through a series of cultural traumas during the XX century. Thus, a re-accentuation of this trauma becomes obvious, when looking at empirical materials collected with 10 years interval. This is seen rather as an evolving mythical discourse reflecting a crisis of individual identities.


This paper presents a novel approach for road marking detection and classification based on machine learning algorithms. Road marking recognition is an important feature of an intelligent transportation system (ITS). Previous works are mostly developed using image processing and decisions are often made using empirical functions, which makes it difficult to be generalized. Hereby, we propose a general framework for object detection and classification, aimed at video-based intelligent transportation applications. It is a two-step approach. The detection is carried out using binarized normed gradient (BING) method. PCA network (PCANet) is employed for object classification. Both BING and PCANet are among the latest algorithms in the field of machine learning. Practically the proposed method is applied to a road marking dataset with 1,443 road images. We randomly choose 60% images for training and use the remaining 40% images for testing. Upon training, the system can detect 9 classes of road markings with an accuracy better than 96.8%. The proposed approach is readily applicable to other ITS applications.


A simple method of obtaining 1H NMR images of solids is introduced which relies on magic-angle spinning for line narrowing. The spatial resoln. of the method is <50 mm. The method is insensitive to many instrumental artifacts and only requires slight modifications of com. equipment. Images are shown of a dynamically stressed isoprene rubber phantom and of polybutadiene in 2 polybutadiene-polystyrene blends.


There exist many systems in our daily lives which are underactuated, subject to limits in actuation and which must navigate in constrained spatial environments. Furthermore, these systems can be described in uniform relative degree strict feedback form. Foremost among these are wheeled vehicles like passenger cars. Systems which navigate the physical environment often must follow precise geometric paths, but do not need to traverse the path at a specific speed profile. Hence we will utilize a path following approach, whereby path speed is considered an additional control degree of freedom. For such systems we present a control design method which will follow an arbitrary path with bounded error. The path following error itself is controllable. We then investigate conditions under which zero path following error is possible. Finally, we develop path speed limit conditions for a given path which guarantee zero path following error with control actions restricted to feasible values.


The distribution amount of hot groundwater in Shanxi Province is more extensive in our country especially in landlocked provinces.On the basis of analyzing its distribution law and type character,this paper presents initial analysis about the conditions of its formation causes in the context of analysis on shallow and deep-seated geologic structure.


It's pretty amazing what seniors have experienced during their lifetime. There have been horrible wars and interludes of peace. At times their world felt unbelievably safe. Yet during the era of fallout shelters, they feared the world might end with a touch of a button. Seniors have lived through periods of unparalleled prosperity, as well as the economic collapse of the Depression and numerous recessions. They have seen their country go from isolationist to the global super power. And they have ridden the wave of scientific discovery from the beginning of powered flight to surfing the web. Tom Brokaw calls seniors: The Greatest Generation. When you look at where they started and what they went through to get to today, you will probably agree with him. To provide a sense of their incredible journey, we have listed below some of the news headlines that seniors have read in their daily newspapers.


Objective:An acute toxicity test was used to obtain a preliminary understanding of the safety of boiled Antarctic Krill and shrimp powder. Methods:Lab mice were classified into three categories. Two tested ones were fed with samples made by boiled Antarctic Krill and shrimp powderrespectively and the controlled ones were fed by SPF mice food. Seven consecutive days of observation and relevant record were needed.Results:Moisture content of samples,made by boiled Antarctic Krill and shrimp powder,were 14.14% and 15.47%,respectively,ash content were 12.54% and 10.93%,respectively. Furthermore,crude fat content of dry samples were 15.59% and 2.56%,respectively. And fluoride level were 1399.84mg/kg and 186.77mg/kg,respectively.After seven consecutive days of observation,there were no death cases. In fact,all the mice were normal. To conclude,there was nosignificant difference between the tested and controlled mice. The original maximum given dose of SPF mice food,boiled Antarctic Krill and shrimp powder were 290.89,599.04g/kg and 62.71g/kg,respectively. The converted adult doses were 32.73,64.22g/kg and 7.18g/kg,respectively. There was highly significant difference(p 0.01) between liver coefficient of tested and controlled mice,and There was no significant difference between others. Conclusion:The maximum tolerance dose of boiled Antarctic Krill and shrimp powder were above 599.04g/kg and 62.71g/kg,respectively. The safety of boiled Antarctic Krill needs further subchronicresearch as it may be harmful to liver.


WT5BZ]Fifteen provenances were sampled in the distribution areas of Chinese Tuliptree(Liriodendron chinense) and the trial plantations were simultaneously established in 5 sites along the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in 1991. The main growth characteristics, including height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH) and range of tree crown (RC) were all measured respectively when in the seventh year and the variance analysis were conducted. The results showed that there were significant differences among provenances (F H=29.5,F DBH =10.02,F RC =4.1),which indicated potentiality of selection and genetic improvement, and there were significant differences among sites, which indicated Chinese Tuliptree was sensitive to environment, and there were also significant differences among mutual actions of provenances and sites. The heritabilities of height, DBH and volume for provenance are all more than 0.5 which shows a strongly genetic control in growth characteristics and a good genetic gain can be acquired by provenance selection. The analysis of genetic stability, growth andaptability and correlation between juvenile and mature were conducted, which provided bases for provenance selection and evaluation. The provenance selection and evaluation were conducted in multi sites' and single site's way respectively. Liping and Xuyong provenances were picked out from all five sites in multi sites selection and the genetic gain was 11.8%, and one to three provenances were respectively picked out for each site in single site's selection and the genetic gain was 15.4%~51.5% higher than multi sites'. [WT5HZ]


Today, with the understanding of employee empowerment, it is possible to respond quickly to customer demands and expectations in hotel businesses where intense competition exists. With employee empowerment, the employee who receives some powers from their managers, feels free to make decisions and believes that their superiors will exhibit consistent behaviors is ensured to have trust in the organization. In addition, having a say in their duties will positively affect their motivation. In this context, it is aimed to examine the effects of psychological empowerment which is one of the components of employee empowerment in hotel businesses on organizational trust and employee motivation separately. The employees of three-, fourand five-star hotel in Istanbul are included in the sampling. Face-to-face and online data were collected from 388 hotel employees using convenience sampling method in hotel businesses selected as samples between 18.06.2018 -04.08.2018 with survey technique, which is one of the quantitative research methods. The data were analyzed by correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 25 package program. As a result of the research, it was determined that psychological empowerment subdimensions had an effect on both organizational trust sub-dimensions and employee motivation. In this context, the results provide advantages in terms of empowerment in hotel businesses where competition is intense and knowing what contributions they will make to the organization when they empower the employees of the businesses that prioritize the human element.


Objective:To determine 8 trace elements in quail eggs in an attempt to prove rich trace elements in quail eggs.Methods: Quail eggs were treated by wet digestion,and after that,the 8 trace elements of Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,Cr,and Al in the quail eggs were determined by FAAS.Results: Quail eggs had more Ca,Mg,Fe and Zn that were beneficial to health,and had also some Al that was harmful to health.Conclusion: There are rich necessary trace elements in quail eggs,and often eating quail eggs can supply trace elements to the body.


Image matching is the most important fundamental task in many fields, such as image sensing, video signal processing, computer vision, etc. Recently, the demand for high-performance image matching achieving sub-pixel registration is rapidly growing in many applications. We have developed an efficient image matching technique using Phase-Only Correlation (POC), which uses the phase components in Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFTs) of given images. In this paper, we briefly present fundamentals of our image matching technique and examples of the potential applications.


1. Abstract GPR and GPS were used to:  Identify the glacier base, and combined with measured borehole depths, map the glacier depth (0190m) and calculate the radar velocity through ice (0.179m ns).  Identify three styles of subglacial glaciotectonic compressive deformation from the radargrams: a) subglacial thrust sheets (2.7-5m thick sheets moving at approximately 3m per year); b) an elongated hill, oriented parallel with the ice direction (elongation ratio 1.4:1; 20m high, 142m long, with a step proximal side and a shallow distal side), composed of till thrust sheets (4-5m thick) (drumlinoid); c) a series of till ridges perpendicular to ice direction (6m high, 50-110m in length) also comprising till thrust sheets (ribbed moraine)  Calculate spatial and temporal changes in the glacier velocity.


Neutrinos are expected to freestream (i.e. not interact with anything) since they decouple in the early Universe at a temperature T ∼ 2 MeV. However, there are many relevant particle physics scenarios that can make neutrinos interact at T < 2 MeV. In this work, we take a global perspective and aim to identify the temperature range in which neutrinos can interact given current cosmological observations. We consider a generic set of rates parametrizing neutrino interactions and by performing a full Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) analysis we find that neutrinos cannot interact significantly for redshifts 2000 (cid:46) z (cid:46) 10 5 , which we refer to as the freestreaming window . We also derive a redshift dependent upper bound on a suitably defined interaction rate Γ nfs ( z ), finding Γ nfs ( z ) /H ( z ) (cid:46) 1 − 10 within the freestreaming window. We show that these results are largely model independent under some broad assumptions, and contextualize them in terms of neutrino decays, neutrino self-interactions, neutrino annihilations, and majoron models. We provide examples of how to use our model independent approach to obtain bounds in specific scenarios, and demonstrate agreement with existing results. We also investigate the reach of upcoming cosmological data finding that CMB Stage-IV experiments can improve the bound on Γ nfs ( z ) /H ( z ) by up to a factor 10. Moreover, we comment on large-scale structure observations, finding that the ongoing DESI survey has the potential to probe uncharted regions of parameter space of interacting neutrinos. Finally, we point out a peculiar scenario that has so far not been considered, and for which relatively large interactions around recombination are still allowed by Planck data due to some degeneracy with n s , A s and H 0 . This scenario can be fully tested with CMB-S4.


This paper presents a global path planning method for omnidirectional vehicles. The method plans a smooth and optimal path in polygonal obstacle environment, determining the velocity and trajectory by dynamic constrains of omnidirectional vehicles. The results of simulation have demonstrated the improvement of trajectory generation in terms of motion time and path length compared to potential field method and A* algorithm.


Supracondylar humeral fractures (SCHFs) are among the most common pediatric fractures. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning are considered the established gold standard. Biomechanically, cross-pinning is resilient for any axial rotation, but the medial pin increases the risk of iatrogenic injury to the ulnar nerve. A systematic review was conducted to provide an evidence-based analysis of the literature on the management of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury caused by the medial pin during closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of displaced SCHF in children. MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases were searched to identify all articles that reported ulnar nerve injury caused by the medial pin during closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of displaced SCHF in children and suggested the management. Reference lists from the articles retrieved were further scrutinized to identify any additional studies of interest. One thousand six hundred and six articles on SCHF treated by closed reduction and cross-pinning were identified initially with 25 studies included in the analysis after screening. Four thousand six hundred and seventy-five children sustained SCHF with a median age of 7 years. Of 3036 children treated by closed reduction and cross pinning, 205 (6.75%) were diagnosed with iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. The management involves observation only, removal of the medial pin, or exploration. The average recovery time in the group treated by removal of wire was statistically shorter than the other two groups. The evidence suggests surgical exploration of the ulnar nerve can be delayed for up to 7 months, with most studies favouring observation only. In selected cases, immediate removal of the medial pin should be considered.


Our knowledge of the crustal architecture of the Yilgarn Craton has increased greatly over the last few years with the collection of a wide range of seismic data. This range in seismic data varies from lithospheric-scale studies using distant earthquakes as sources to obtain information on the craton scale and down to depths in excess of 350 km, through regional scale studies providing information at the province scale and down to depths of 30-40km to mine camp scale studies providing information on the local scale and down to the top few kilometres of the crust. The location of these different seismic surveys is shown in Figure 1.


Eighteen years after its inception, the Pegasus launch vehicle marked its 40 th flight in October 2008 by successfully launching the IBEX satellite for NASA. The mission not only marked a milestone of 40 flights, it also cemented Pegasus in the history of spaceflight as the most reliable and most flexible expendable small launch vehicle in the industry today. Operational responsive space has many definitions and clearly flexibility along with turn-around time comprise at least two of those facets. Using its' mobile launch platform, a modified L1011 aircraft, Pegasus launched from Kwajalein in the Republic of the Marshall Islands and has proven once again that it is the most flexible orbital launch vehicle in history. Kwajalein marked the seventh different launch location for Pegasus. Check one. Upon arriving on Kwajalein, Pegasus proved its responsiveness by launching IBEX into a perfect insertion only seven days after landing on island. Check two. By placing the NASA satellite successfully into orbit, Pegasus once again demonstrated its' reliability by increasing a string of success to twenty-six flights. Check three. Isn't Pegasus already meeting a significant portion of the most difficult aspects of responsive space even as a NASA workhorse? Then what remains is to ask whether given its' reliability, flexibility and responsiveness, can Pegasus perform a dual role: that of NASA small expendable launch vehicle workhorse as well the role of serving the U.S. military and the U.S. government for responsive space needs. Pegasus carried this title early in its career. The customer is understood and the customer's needs are understood. Certainly one paradigm of responsive space includes the ability to rapidly and reliably place small satellites into space, whenever and wherever a conflict requires newly defined operations, intelligence or technology development. The current launch vehicle systems in the infant stages of development continue to use fixed launch platforms with an unproven reliability and an unproven cost model. If Pegasus could have two faces, that is de-scoped from NASA workhorse and the associated overhead, to U.S. military and government responsive launch vehicle with affordability, that paradigm shift, and associated decrease in contractual insight and oversight, would place Pegasus in the realm of the new responsive space small launch vehicle. A role it already has performed. What would remain would then be a weighing of the economy of a nascent industry supporting the development cost of new, unproven, fixed site small launch vehicles versus a proven, highly flexible, existing vehicle. This paper provides the story of the 40 th flight of Pegasus, a seven day flow on a remote island that defines flexibility and responsive access to space. But it poses a broader far reaching question: Responsive Space today is certainly about rapid integration and execution; but the challenge to Responsive Space should also be to create a mechanism to adapt existing proven products into an environment that includes cost reduction without sacrifice of reliability, and adaptability.


This paper assesses the influences racial resentment and racial stereotypes on Southern and non-Southern white, Asian, and Hispanic voters in the 2008 presidential election. I use logistic regression to test the hypotheses that racial resentment and racial stereotypes influenced support for McCain and that the influence of these two variables is greater in the South than in the non-South. The findings suggest that racial resentment's influence extends across both regions but that the affects of racial stereotypes is confined to the South. The analysis is replicated for U.S. House elections in 2008, finding that the impact of racial resentment and racial stereotypes is insignificant in both regions. In 2008, the influences of racism, resentment and regionalism on voting are confined to the presidential level.