We now live in an information age, the prosperity of this information age is not transferred by the will of anyone, so everyone should actively devote themselves to it and draw the corresponding nutrition from this era. But the big data era also breeds a lot of problems, among which network security and privacy protection are extremely serious problems, worthy of the whole society, all Internet users attach great importance to it. The network is not a place outside the law, any person who uses the Internet, should strictly abide by the network regulations, laws and regulations, so that self-become a self-conscious implementation of regulations, reasonable exercise of rights of citizens, thus enjoying the welfare of the times. 1. Brief Analysis of the Network World in the Background of Big Data The man who knows the times is a good man. True outstanding figures know how to rely on the development and progress of the times, constantly forward, so as to achieve a better self. For the citizens of the 21st century living in the information age, it is necessary to make use of the Internet technology attentively, so that the Internet technology can bring more convenience to themselves. At present, human beings have entered the era of big data, with information and data, how should human beings be at their own disposal in the face of so much data and information? How exactly should the convenience of the times be used? This is a question worth pondering, but also an urgent question to answer. 1.1. Information Shed Internet users who love the Internet have an overwhelming feeling about the information coming in. Many netizens bear a lot of information, quite heavy and oppressive, because in the face of this explosion of information, many people feel overwhelmed. How can more people get a respite from the complex ocean of information? This is an urgent problem to be solved. There is no doubt that the big data era is a double-edged sword, which not only brings rare opportunities, but also brings a lot of troubles to people. Information explosion is a remarkable feature of the big data era. How to resolve the problems caused by information explosion is a good problem that people should solve. As shown in Table 1, most Internet users are faced with complex information, do not know what information should be chosen from it, let alone how to use good information to serve themselves: Table 1 Relevant questionnaires In the face of the big data era, what kind of inner experience do you have? Think that the big data era has enriched life 38.89% The big data era brings a lot of bubble information 61.11% 1.2. Mixed Truth and Falsehood The information age under the background of big data is not only full of information and information, but also true and false. In the face of the information between truth and falsehood, many people put their time and energy into the identification of truth and falsehood. Even if 2020 5th International Conference on Technologies in Manufacturing, Information and Computing (ICTMIC 2020) Copyright © (2020) Francis Academic Press, UK DOI: 10.25236/ictmic.2020.106 518 netizens get real information, they also spend a lot of time and energy, which is not worth the gain[1]Therefore, how to use information, how to distinguish information and how to make netizens achieve better development with the help of information is a major problem. Nowadays, many netizens are disturbed by false information, because of the false information and produce an unprecedented sense of anxiety and anxiety, these feelings of anxiety and anxiety are extremely unfavorable to a person's development. At the same time, when a person gets a lot of false information, it is also easy to produce panic and anxious psychology, such a psychological state also has a negative impact on the construction of a civilized and harmonious society. Rumors often come from the Internet, and the harm caused by the spread of rumors to society can not be explained clearly. Analyzing from table 2, many people are faced with such hard-to-determine information and do not know how to deal with it: Table 2 Relevant questionnaires Can you easily identify the truth and falsehood of network information? Yes 3.45% Hard 96.55% 1.3. Vulnerability to Interference From the Network World In the era of big data, people can not survive without information, which also leads many people to be disturbed by the network world, and even give in to their real life. In other words, the virtual network has encroached on the real life, so that people's life into a huge trap and chaos. Especially for younger children, it is easy to be controlled by information technology, unable to sort out the way forward for themselves, and easy to trigger a spat with others on the Internet. The so-called network violence is absolutely not empty talk, in the network world, everyone is likely to become the perpetrator, everyone is also likely to be the victim, so how to defend the rights and interests of self and others, this is an important topic for all Internet users, and for all Chinese Internet users, it is important to make clear the direction and conduct of self in the era of big data, know what to do and what not to do, which is also important for building a harmonious and stable network world. 1.4. Personal Privacy is Easily Disclosed The speed of the development of the Internet and the speed of people's acceptance is astounding, but the many problems caused are also easy to panic, one of which is that personal information is prone to leak problems, if a person's personal information is leaked, destined to trigger a great disaster, so for anyone to protect their own information and privacy in the process of Internet access, is one of the best capabilities. In the network is the world's powerless people have, aggressive people have, the most vicious people have, the people with ulterior motives have, in the face of these different kinds of people, how can we defend the rights and interests of good and kind ordinary people? In the face of human flesh search and other machines, how can a person protect themselves and others' privacy and privacy? This is a question worth thinking about[2]Many people are concerned about the disclosure of their personal information, resulting in serious personal losses, as analyzed in Table 3: Table 3 Relevant questionnaires Has your personal information ever been compromised on the Internet? Yes 89.76% No 10.24% 2. How Should Defend Cybersecurity and Privacy in the Context of Big Data 2.1. Improve the Basic Qualities of Every Netizen The network world is not virtual, it is constructed by every individual in the real world, in other words, the group magic dance of the network world is composed of the real devils and devils. If you want to purify the network environment, so that Internet users can feel the refreshing network, make


Gay-straight alliances (GSAs) have become widespread in Ontario schools and, starting in 2012, all schools are required to permit students to form GSAs. While American research suggests that GSAs have a positive impact on school safety and inclusion, there is little research on the impact of GSAs in Canadian schools. This study, based on a survey of 41 educators working with GSAs, suggests that policy changes in Ontario have had a positive impact on school climate for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) students and that GSAs contribute to the development of safer and more inclusive schools.


The purpose of this study is to test empirically the relationship between ownership concentration and risk taking by banks which are proxied by the CAR and LDR (li-quidity ratio). The study was motivated by the limited previous studies that analyze the structure of ownership in financial institutions and the weaknesses in sampling. Our analysis focused on Indonesia because this country has implemented the Basel Accord II standards successfully. This regulatory compliance is expected can control banking risk. Using data from 2009 until 2013 and panel data. We found that the ownership concentration become important determinants of bank liquidity. These findings are expected to provide policy guidance for regulators, especially relating to the ownership structure of the bank. However, the ownership concentration proved to be involved in the management decision to risk taking in banks.


【Abstract】After analyzing the status and difficult problems in the remote sensing data sharing research area, this paper does some research work focusing on the key technology of remote sensing data sharing research area, such as meta-data sharing, standard processing level data sharing and remote sensing information sharing, which are the three aspects of remote sensing data sharing services. Moreover, this paper discusses the framework and implementation steps of remote sensing information sharing and integration of remote sensing information sharing services based on Web Services and service chain.


Abstract* Part 1. The Nature of Corrosion and Its Control. Tanker vessels operated in salt water have developed serious bulkhead failures in 6 to 8 years of clean trade when frequent cleaning is re...


In this paper, we investigate whether the social goals of an individual can be recognized through analysis of the social actions indicated by their use of language. Specifically, we focus on recognizing when someone is pursuing power within a web forum. Individuals pursue power in order to increase their control over the actions and goals of the group. We cast the problem as social conversational entailment where we determine if a dialogue entails a hypothesis which states a dialogue participant is in pursuit of power. In the social conversational entailment framework the hypothesis is decomposed into a series of social commitments which define series of actions and responses that are indicative of the hypothesis. The social commitments are modeled as social acts which are pragmatic speech acts. We identify nine culturally neutral psychologically-motivated social acts that can be detected in language and are indicative of whether an individual is pursuing power. Our best results using social conversational entailment achieve an overall F-measure of 79.7% for predicting pursuit of power for English speakers and 78.3% for Chinese speakers.


Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation(ODH) of ethane were prepared by impregnation of Al2O3 with nickel acetate or nickel nitrate,and by mechanical mixing of NiO and Al2O3.The Ni-based catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction,diffuse reflectance UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,and temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen.The results showed that formation of crystalline NiO particles with a size of < 8 nm and/or non-stoichiometric NiO species in the Ni/Al2O3 catalysts led to more active species in ODH of ethane under the investigated reaction conditions.In contrast,tetrahedral Ni species present in the catalysts led to higher selectivity for ethene.Formation of large crystalline NiO particles(22-32 nm) over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts decreased the selectivity for ethene.


Aiming at a lot of materials in the information age and characteristics of the course of identification of Chinese pharmacy in the new period and by using questionnaire,the paper explored initially the material choices of textbook content,supplement content and picture content in courseware making directed by constructivist learning theory.The study provided reference for making courseware that can meet the demands of teaching work and appropriate to the needs of students',and it also provided a support for courseware making in the teaching of identification of Chinese pharmacy based on constructivist learning theory.


Contents: Preface. J.L. Morgan, K. Demuth, Signal to Syntax: An Overview. Part I: The Nature, Perception, and Representation of Input Speech. P.D. Eimas, The Perception and Representation of Speech by Infants. B.E. Dresher, Introduction to Metrical and Prosodic Phonology. P. Lieberman, Some Biological Constraints on the Analysis of Prosody. P. Price, M. Ostendorf, Combining Linguistic With Statistical Methods in Modeling Prosody. Part II: Speech and the Acquisition of Words. A. Cutler, Prosody and the Word Boundary Problem. J. Mehler, E. Dupoux, T. Nazzi, G. Dahaene-Lambertz, Coping With Linguistic Diversity: The Infant's Viewpoint. R.N. Aslin, J.Z. Woodward, N.P. LaMendola, T.G. Bever, Models of Word Segmentation in Fluent Maternal Speech to Infants. N.B. Ratner, From "Signal to Syntax": But What Is the Nature of the Signal? C.H. Echols, A Role for Stress in Early Speech Segmentation. K. Demuth, The Prosodic Structure of Early Words. Part III: Speech and the Acquisition of Grammatical Morphology & Form Classes. E. Selkirk, The Prosodic Structure of Function Words. A.M. Peters, S. Stromqvist, The Role of Prosody in the Acquisition of Grammatical Morphemes. L.B. Leonard, J.A. Eyer, Deficits of Grammatical Morphology in Children with Specific Language Impairment and Their Implications for Notions of Bootstrapping. M. Kelly, The Role of Phonology in Grammatical Category Assignments. J.L. Morgan, R. Shi, P. Allopena, Perceptual Bases of Rudimentary Grammatical Categories: Toward a Broader Conceptualization of Bootstrapping. Part IV: Speech and the Acquisition of Phrase Structure. J.J. Venditti, S-A. Jun, M.E. Beckman, Prosodic Cues to Syntactic and Other Linguistic Structures in Japanese, Korean, and English. R. Mazuka, Can a Grammatical Parameter Be Set Before the First Word? Prosodic Contributions to Early Setting of a Grammatical Parameter. M. Steedman, Phrasal Intonation and the Acquisition of Syntax. C. Fisher, H. Tokura, Prosody in Speech to Infants: Direct and Indirect Acoustic Cues to Syntactic Structure. A. Fernald, G. McRoberts, Prosodic Bootstrapping: A Critical Analysis of the Argument and the Evidence. P. Jusczyk, D.G.K. Nelson, Syntactic Units, Prosody, and Psychological Reality During Infancy. Part V: Speech and the Acquisition of Language. L. Gerken, Phonological and Distributional Information in Sytnax Acquisition. J.F. Werker, V.L. Lloyd, J.E. Pegg, L. Polka, Putting the Baby in the Bootstraps: Toward a More Complete Understanding of the Role of the Input in Infant Speech Processing. K. Hirsh-Pasek, M. Tucker, R.M. Golinkoff, Dynamical Systems Theory: Reinterpreting "Prosodic Bootstrapping" and Its Role in Language Acquisition.


The project "the new urban community" is located at the Groenmarkt kade, situated along the Amsterdam Canal District. Although its prominent location (adjacent to the waterfront within the city center of Amsterdam), the site presents itself as being disconnected/detached, due to its enclosure by the monumental Marnix blocks and the waterfront. The enclosed-ness and introverted appearance of the site, are the fundamental conditions for the design intention. Which is the creation or stimulation of a community driven architecture, which finds its embeddedness within the neighbourhood through its small-scale, fragmented high-density appearance. Whereby the dwelling scheme/typology gives or generates compensational semi-public/communal spaces for interaction and identity.


•t o determine the underlying causes of poor growth of regenerating western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn.), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf. Sarg.]), amabilis fir (Abies amabilis Dougl.), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.) on cutovers of old-growth cedar-hemlock forests invaded by salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh) on the west coast of North America; and •t o establish the best operational means for improving productivity on these sites. The first section of this SEDA describes identifying characteristics of sites that will likely develop nutrient deficiencies. This is followed by some general information about harvesting and the goals of silvicultural treatment. The third section identifies site series that are likely to require treatment to improve conifer growth and nutrition. The fourth section outlines some possible silvicultural considerations to attain treatment goals. These include site preparation, planting and fertilization, and stand tending. Sites in the CWH often have important values for First Nations groups and for non-timber forest products. These values are described in the fifth section so that they may be considered in any management plan. Finally, we list some additional sources of information about these sites and their management. Acknowledgements


This book provides students with a thorough and critical examination of the wide ranging developments in the personal social services (community care, social care, social work and the social services). It focuses on changes in the way the services are delivered and on how these in turn impact on the service users and their carers.


ABSTRACT The hazardous impact of the fashion industry has prompted institutions, manufacturers, and brands to provide more sustainable conditions. However, many consumers have little of knowledge about sustainable fashion products and procedures. This study provides findings on fashion consumers' informational needs on sustainability, and strategies for communicating sustainable fashion product information. The data comes from six focus group meetings and two conference workshops. The findings indicate that consumers generally think of sustainability in fashion as related to five criteria: material and procedure, environmental impact, animal welfare, human welfare, and product care. Furthermore, the findings underscore four related but distinct consumer personas (named by the researchers: romantic optimists, egocentrics, confused Alecs, and gloomies) based on their informational needs, motivation to increase sustainability literacy, and sustainability-related behaviour in fashion. These personas and criteria can be utilised to segment consumers and tailor communication and marketing strategies to enhance fashion consumers' sustainable behaviour.


Infiltration of adipose tissue in the ileocecal valve is different from the usual submucosal lipoma in the other sites of gastrointestinal tract because of its annular growth and rare formation of capsule. A 52-year-old female patient was admitted to this hospital due to abdominal mass for 3 months. Physical examination of the abdomen showed an 8 x 7 cm sized firm oval round mass on the right lower quadrant. The occult blood test was two-positive. Barium-enema showed submucosal filling defect at the ileocecal valve, After the colonoscopic biopsy an operation was done. A product of right hemicolectomy was submitted. Submitted was a product of right hemicolectomy. In the ileocecal valve a soft polypoid lesion of 1.8x1.3x1.3 cm was noted with smooth congested surface. The cut surface showed poorly circumscribed fatty deposition in the submucosa, which extended to both sides of the valve sphincter. Microscopically the mass was composed of mature fat tissue. Muscle fibers from the circular layer of the muscularis radiated to the surface and was intermingled with fatty tissue. The covering mucosa showed edema, congestion, and mild infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells. This lesion is thought to be over accumulation of fatty tissue secondary to the tissue vacuum state mentioned by Cabaud and Harris(1959). We consider this lesion as lipomatosis of the ileocecal valve rather than a true lipoma.


The forest industries provided the foundation upon which the economy of western Washington was built, and these industries continue to play a critical part in that economy. The Boeing Company, the largest single firm in the state for example, was financed from capital earned by William Boeing in the lumber industry. A century (1857-1957) of the Puget Sound region's forest industries is represented in the University of Washington Library's Manuscripts Collection, the earliest papers representing those of the Washington Mill Company1 (Seabeck), while the Stimson Mill Company (Seattle) papers carry manuscript documentation to 1957. The kinds of operations represented range from the somewhat comical barter-type gymnastics of the Yesler, Denny Company (Seattle) to the huge, wide-ranging activities of the Port Blakely Mill Company 2 (Bainbridge Island) and the Puget Mill Company (Port Gamble and Port Ludlow). According to estimates of Edwin G. Ames, a former Northwest manager of the latter firm, these were two of the world's largest mills operating in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. There are three main categories of businesses represented if the manuscripts are described in terms which stress the regional origins of each firm: one entirely indigenous to the Puget Sound region; two companies established as vertical complements of lumber companies in the San Francisco Bay region; and three which migrated, one from Maine, the others from the Midwest.


The Mars Surveyor 2001 mission to Mars was initially a key element in the Mars sample return sequence of missions. A capable rover, carrying the Cornell Athena instruments would be placed on Mars to roam over several kilometers, select samples, and place them in a cache for return by a subsequent mission. Inevitably, budget constraints forced descopes. At one critical point, the landed payload consisted only of the HEDS (Human Exploration and Development of Space) payloads selected for testing environmental properties of the surface for future human exploration. Then Congress intervened and put back some of the funding that had been deleted. NASA next redefined the payload to include as many of the Athena instruments as possible, to be distributed between the lander deck and a Sojourner class rover. This payload would then be placed on a modified version of the Mars Polar Lander rather than on the much larger, and more expensive, lander that had been originally designed for the mission. With this functionality restored the '01 mission remains an important and pivotal element of the Mars Surveyor program. It completes the Mars Observer objectives with the gamma ray spectrometer mapping. This mission will largely complete the global characterization phase of Mars exploration and mark the beginning of focused surface exploration leading to return of the first samples and the search for evidence of past Martian life. MSP'01 also is the first mission in the combined Mars exploration strategy of the HEDS and Space Science Enterprises of NASA. This mission, and those to follow, will demonstrate technologies and collect environmental data that will provide the basis for a decision to send humans to Mars. The NASA exploration strategy for Mars includes orbiters, landers and rovers launched in 2001 and 2003 and a sample return mission to be launched in 2005, returning a sample by 2008. The purpose of the rovers is to explore and characterize sites on Mars. The 2003 and 2005 missions will select rocks, soil, and atmosphere for return to earth.


In the framework of the spatial coherence wavelets, different features of the first-order spatial coherence (Young's interference) are analysed by calculating the corresponding marginal power spectrum, a close related quantity to the classical Wigner Distribution Function (WDF) of the optical field. The consideration of radiant and virtual point sources evidences some effects, conventionally attributed to non-classical correlations of light, although such type of correlations are not explicitly included in the model. Specifically, a light state is produced that has similar morphology to the WDF of the well-known quantum Schr\"odinger cat state.


This paper considers several areas of anthropological research which have yet to be drawn into conversation: Alfred Gells anthropological theory of art, the literature on collecting and museum studies and the colonial art histories of Nicholas Thomas and others, and the archaeology of colonialism in Australia. The implications of the nexus of these various areas of research are considered with reference to the archaeological study of Kimberley points in Australia. While these points have been understood by both archaeologists and antiquarians as the pinnacle of Australian Aboriginal stone working practices, this paper considers them as an artefact of colonial desire. Their captivating agency for latenineteenthcentury collectors largely resided in their mysterious method of manufacture, but even after this was understood they continued to enthral antiquarians and archaeologists, who have come to represent their manufacture as typical of Australian Aboriginal stone tool working despite its limited chronolog...


This sensor utilizes the difference in measurement length between two laser beams in the fluid. Both are the test beams, and there is no reference beam. If the condition of the fluid near the test section is uniform, both beams have almost the same boundary layers on the sensor surface. The two beams pass mostly through equal or closely arranged paths; therefore, the effect of thermal boundary layer on the sensor surface is expected to be cancelled because the length of the test section is the difference between both beams. This sensor was installed on a side wall of a vessel. Water was poured into the vessel and stirred with a hot magnetic stirrer. The temperature near the sensor was also measured with a thermocouple as a reference. In this study, the water temperature was decreased at first and increased. After that the temperature was decreased again. And the interference signal was compensated, so that successive change of the temperature was determined. When the measurement length was changed, the temperature measured with this system agreed well with that measured with a thermocouple. Consequently, it was confirmed that this sensor system is useful for detecting changes in water temperature. It is expected that this optical system is strong enough to apply to both laboratory and industrial use in future.


Research Highlights: We found that the initial attack location together with the aggregation pheromones played an important role in mediating the aggressive behavior of T. brevipilosus on P. kesiya. Background and Objectives: T. brevipilosus was identified as an aggressive species, which possesses the ability to kill live, healthy P. kesiya. In this scenario, we study the top-down attack pattern of T. brevipilosus on P. kesiya during the entirety of the reproductive period. Materials and Methods: We investigated the phenology of trunk attack on P. kesiya over a period of three years in Pu'er City, China. The hindguts extracts of the females and males T. brevipilosus were analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The candidate aggregation pheromone compounds of T. brevipilosus were determined through electrophysiology experiments (electroantennographic detection, EAD and electroantennography, EAG), laboratory olfactometer bioassays, and field trapping. Results: we found that the pioneer beetles preferentially infested the crown of P. kesiya at the early stage of attack following spring flight with the later arriving beetles selectively attacking the lower area of the trunk to avoid intraspecific competition and better utilize limited resources, which exhibits a top-down attack pattern. During gallery initiation, the beetles release aggregation pheromones to attract conspecifics to conduct a mass attack. The chemical analyses indicated that the hindgut extracts of gallery-initiating beetles contained a larger amount of myrtenol, cis-verbenol, trans-verbenol, and verbenone. Myrtenol and trans-verbenol were identified as candidate aggregation pheromone compounds. In addition, a blend of these two components with S-(−)-α-pinene and S-(−)-β-pinene attracted more T. brevipilosus individuals in a field bioassay. Conclusions: We concluded that the preference for the initial attack location together with the aggregation pheromones played an important role in mediating the top-down attack pattern of T. brevipilosus on P. kesiya.


Abstract : Details of the turbulence production process in turbulent boundary layers in the wall region have been clarified, especially the formation of the long streaky structure, and secondary hairpin vorticity. It appears that the outer region microscale coherent motion called a Typical eddy plays the dominant role in the process. Long time averaged statistics of the two point vorticity-vorticity correlations support the conditionally sampled data and interpretations. The typical eddy produces the long streaks along with the pockets, and one of the hairpins directly. Several other hairpins form from the evolution of the vorticity produced by the passage of the typical eddy over the wall. A model of the typical eddy/wall region interaction, i.e., a vortex ring/Stokes layer interaction, was investigated to see if it could reproduce all of the morphology. It was found that the model can produce all of the turbulent boundary layer features associated with production, including the long streaks. By using the model, we have gained new insights into the sensitivity of the production process. Relatively small differences in the convection velocity of the excitation eddies have been found to result in the difference between turbulent boundary layer production and spot production (which involves very strong lateral production). Our data suggest that there are many combinations of parameters that can result in critical conditions.


The transfer rules contained in and applicable to the Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980 will be an important consideration when evaluating prospective transactions in oil property, especially those involving the transfer of all or a portion of a working interest. True to the form of the Windfall Profit Tax as a whole, the transfer rules contained therein are complex. This article delineates and explains these rules. For purposes of this article, the transfer rules (though interrelated) are divided into three basic groups: those applicable to the DOE classification of oil; Independent Producer Oil; and Net Income Limitation. 30 references.


We present a new equivalence transformation termed divisor equivalence, that has the property of preserving both the finite and the infinite elementary divisor structures of a square non-singular polynomial matrix. This equivalence relation extends the known notion of strict equivalence, which dealt only with matrix pencils, to the general polynomial matrix case. It is proved that divisor equivalence characterizes in a closed form relation the equivalence classes of polynomial matrices that give rise to fundamentally equivalent discrete time auto-regressive representations.


Building on the work of Pierre Bourdieu and Maurice Merleau-Ponty we seek to open up traditional categories of thought surrounding the relation `body-organization' and elicit a thought experiment: What happens if we move the body from the periphery to the centre? We pass the interlocking theoretical concepts of object-body/subject-body and habitus through the theoretically constructed empirical case of `carnival dance' in order to re-evaluate such key organizational concepts as knowledge and learning. In doing so, we connect with an emerging body of literature on `sensible knowledge'; knowledge that is produced and preserved within bodily practices. The investigation of habitual appropriation in carnival dance also allows us to make links between repetition and experimentation, and reflect on the mechanism through which the principles of social organization, whilst internalized and experienced as natural, are embodied so that humans are capable of spontaneously generating an infinite array of appropriate actions. This perspective on social and organizational life, where change and permanence are intricately interwoven, contrasts sharply with the dominant view in organization studies which juxtaposes change/ creativity and stability.


This paper analyzes the problem of optimal configuration of highway construction machinery group.In the premise of considering cost of machinery group and the quality of engineering,it utilizes corrected-cost method to structure the optimization configuration model of construction machines.And by means of evaluating the optimization consequence,we are looking forward to realizing concurrently the optimization of the cost of machinery group,construction period and construction quality.


Ammonia in the atmosphere is essential for the formation of fine particles that impact air quality and 16 climate. Despite extensive prior research to disentangle the relationship between ammonia and haze pollution, the 17 role of ammonia in haze formation in the high ammonia emitted regions is still not well understood. Aiming to 18 better understand secondary inorganic aerosol (SNA) formation mechanisms under high ammonia conditions, one19 year hourly measurement of water-soluble inorganic species (gas and particle) was conducted in a rural supersite in 20 Shanghai. Exceedingly high levels of agricultural ammonia, constantly around 30 ug m, were observed. We find 21 that ammonia gas-particle conversion ratio (ACR), as opposed to ammonia concentrations, plays a critical role in 22 SNA formation during the haze period. By assessing the effects of various parameters, including temperature (T), 23 aerosol water content (AWC), aerosol pH, and activity coefficient, it seems that AWC plays predominant regulating 24 roles for ACR. We propose a self-amplifying feedback mechanism associated with ACR for the formation of SNA, 25 which is consistent with diurnal variations of ACR, AWC, and SNA. Our results imply that reduction of ammonia 26 emissions alone may not reduce SNA effectively at least in rural agricultural sites in China. 27


Spatial database queries are often exploratory. The users often find that their queries return too many answers and many of them may be irrelevant. Based on the coupling relationships between spatial objects, this paper proposes a novel categorization approach which consists of two steps. The first step analyzes the spatial object coupling relationship by considering the location proximity and semantic similarity between spatial objects, and then a set of clusters over the spatial objects can be generated, where each cluster represents one type of user need. When a user issues a spatial query, the second step presents to the user a category tree which is generated by using modified C4.5 decision tree algorithm over the clusters such that the user can easily select the subset of query results matching his/her needs by exploring the labels assigned on intermediate nodes of the tree. The experiments demonstrate that our spatial object clustering method can efficiently capture both the semantic and location correlations between spatial objects. The effectiveness and efficiency of the categorization algorithm is also demonstrated.


Semantic labeling for the very high resolution (VHR) image of urban areas is challenging, because of many complex manmade objects with different materials and fine-structured objects located together. Under the framework of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), this paper proposes a novel end-to-end network for semantic labeling. Specifically, our network not only improves the labeling accuracy of complex manmade objects by aggregating multiple context semantics with a cascaded architecture, but also refines fine-structured objects by utilizing the low-level detail in shallow layers of CNNs with a hierarchical pyramid structure. Throughout the network, a dedicated residual correction scheme is employed to amend the latent fitting residual. As a result of these specific components, the whole model works in a global-to-local and coarse-to-fine manner. Experimental results show that our network outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on the large-scale ISPRS Vaihingen 2D Semantic Labeling Challenge dataset.


The conference lecture gives an overview of the problems of scaling and size effect in solid mechanics, which have not come to the forefront of attention until late in the last century. The classical view that any observed sIZe effect was statistical was reversed during the 1 980s. As is now widely accepted, quasibrittle materials including concrete, rock, tough ceramics, sea ice, snow slabs and composites exhibit major size effects on the mean structural strength that are determimstic in nature, being caused by stress redistribution and energy release assocIated WIth stable propagatIon of large fractures or with formation of large zones of distributed cracking. The lecture beginS by reviewing the general asymptotic properties of size effect implied by the cohesive crack model or crack band model, and highlights the use of asymptotic matching techniques as a means of obtaining scale-bndgmg size effect laws representing a smooth transitIon between two power laws. AttentIon ·tS focused on SIze effects observed in fiber-polymer composites falling eIther by tensile fracture or by propagatIOn of compreSSIOn kink bands with fiber mIcrobucklmg. The size effects in polymeric foams and sandWIch str"1J.ctures are also dIscussed. A nonlocal model for mcorporating the We!bull-type statistical sIze effect due to local strength randomness into the energetic size effect theory is outlined next, and the predictIons of the combmed nonlocal energetic statistical theory are compared to experimental evidence. Finally, a new probabILIstIc analysis of the size effect on the statts tical distributIOn of nommal strength of structures is presented and discussed from the vIewpoint of the extreme value statistics. In closing, some implications for the design of hulls, bulkheads, decks, masts and antenna covers for very large ships, and for the design of large load-beanng aircr'aft fuselage panels, are pointed out. Because of space LImitatIon, the compact article which follows summarizes only one of the ideas covered in the conference LectlLTe-a new mathematicaL model for the size effect on the probability dIstribution of nominal strength of quas!bnttLe structures. The r<~C(~nt.l.Y de'velope·~d and experimentally verified nonloca:! generalization of Wei bull statistical the,'ory is takclI as tlw ba.-;is of analysis, .and there is not enough room to review here the concepts; see Baiant. alld Xi (H)91), Baiant and Novak (2000a,b,c), Baiant (2001 b) (2002). Considering the nonloc:al avcraging domains in a non local model of a structure to be analogous to the links of a chain, th(~ failme probabilit.y of it stmcture is: PI = 1 exp ( _[ (a~:)) m dix )) (1) Hew V = voluIIw of structure, m = Weibull modulus, So = scaling parameter, a(x) = maximum principal "t.ress at. coordinate vector x, iJ = non local stress, Vr = representative volume of material; (x) = llIax(O,x); and superior denotes non local quantities. Introduce dimensionless coordinates and size-indepcndent. variables: x = Df., Vo = e', (2) where D = stmct.uw size; n = number of spatial dimensions (n = 1, 2 or 3); I = characteristic length of material; V, = In; f. = dimensionless coordinate vector; and aN = P/bD = nominal strength of structure (P = maximum load, b = structure width. Consider geometrically similar structures of different sizes D, for which the corresponding points have the same dimensionless coordinate f.; then


Liquefaction conditions of milled bamboo residue in phenol were studied. Through a series of experiments, it was found out that liquefation effect was influenced by some factors, such as kind and dosage of catalyst, mass ratio of phenol to bamboo, liquefaction temperature and time. Furthermore, an adhesive, BLF, was made from liquefied bamboo and formaldehyde. Experiment results showed ①the liquefaction of bamboo could be accomplished under following conditions: HC1 or BF_3 as catalyst, mass ratio of phenol to bamboo 3:1~1:1, temperature 115℃, time 2 hours. ②the BLF could be used as an exterior adhesive, and the bond strength of BLF-bonded plywood was over 1.0MPa(after cooking in boil water). ③IR spectrums of BL and BLF indicated BLF was similar to PF in structure.


This research focuses on the assessment of blockchain technology readiness level of banking industry. Firstly, blockchain technology is defined and its specifications have been highlighted. Secondly the answer for the question how the domains of information systems integration are related to the areas of adoption of blockchain technology is researched. Then the readiness level for blockchain technology is defined in conjunction with adoption theories and its similarities with the factors in the domains of information systems. As a case study Turkish banking industry has been reviewed and the results are discussed to give an idea about the readiness of Turkish banking industry for blockchain technology.


 The bill may slightly increase the number of felony offenders being sentenced to prison for criminal mischief and aggravating trespass offenses. The corresponding annual increase in GRF institutional operating expenditures is likely to be small enough that the Department of Rehabilitation and Correction (DRC) will be able to absorb it into the daily cost of operating the state prison system.  The bill will likely elevate certain misdemeanors to felonies, which could generate a small amount of additional annual state court cost revenue that is apportioned between the Indigent Defense Support Fund (Fund 5DY0) and the Victims of Crime/Reparations Fund (Fund 4020).


We performed a radial, input-oriented variable returns-to-scale data envelopment analysis to benchmark 52 rescue departments of the Austrian Red Cross from a single province. Three inputs (working hours of employed personnel/non-employed personnel and number of vehicles) and two output variables (duration-weighted number of two service transportation categories) were selected. First, we assessed the service production process of the Red Cross to obtain an insight into the level of performance, and performance differences among the rescue departments. We found that the average technical efficiency of the rescue departments amounted to almost 88%. The theoretically derived potentials of input reductions for inefficient rescue departments were, among others, restricted by several settings, which were analysed in the second step. Here, several socio-economic, environmental and institutional factors were investigated using a second stage regression analysis based on fractional regression models to find out whether they impacted on the performance of the rescue departments. We found a negative relationship between wintry weather conditions, measured as the number of ice days, and performance, while we identified a positive impact of the number of people aged 64+ and the number of hospital beds in the catchment area on Red Cross performance.


The method of continuous measurement of atmospheric CH_4/CO_2/TOC is introduced; also the results of the diurnal variation and uprightness distributing of atmospheric CH_4/CO_2/TOC in Beijing are presented. From the results it is known that the concentration of the three gases reduced with the increase of the height, influenced by the overflow of the atmosphere. In the winter of 2002 in Beijing, one peak of CH_4 concentration and two peaks of CO_2 occur. The diurnal variation of TOC was great influenced by vehicle exhaust. Contrasting the concentration of CO_2 in the year 2002 and before 2000, the contamination exhausted by coal burning was stabilization in Beijing. With the increased of vehicle, the vehicle exhaust become the main factor influencing the diurnal variation of some trace gases in atmosphere.


Effective visual representation is related to how people interpret signs created to carry specific information. In the last years many user interface evaluation tools are considering detailed usage data to represent users' actions. The volume of data gathered is leading developers to represent usage in a summarized way through graphical representations. If visual components used to represent complex data are not effective, then graphics used to summarize data may turn the interpretation of complex terms even harder. This work presents a study about graphical representations for user interface (UI) events and contributes with the validation of usage graph visualization and an open set of signs to support the summarization of client-side logs. The study involved 28 Information Technology specialists, potential users of UI evaluation tools. From the results one expects that evaluation tool developers, evaluators, and Web usage miners can reuse the validated usage graph representation and proposed set of signs to represent usage data in a summarized


ABSTRACT We've titled this editorial: "What role will social work have played in the opioid epidemic?." This is meant to give pause, to reflect on the extent to which social work has helped – and at times harmed – those impacted by opioid use and misuse thus far, and to give consideration as to how the profession will aid going forward. We present the articles in this special issue in this spirit. In this special issue, you will find that social workers are making the connections necessary to engage communities and municipalities in ending the opioid crisis.


A new method is presented for solving mixed integer feasible problems.Firstly,the mixed integer feasible problem is transformed into general linear complementarity problem.Then mixed-integer linear programming method is used to linear complementarity problem.At last,some numerical examples are given to indicate that the method is feasible and effective to mixed integer feasible problems.


The effect of chlorpromazine, one of several calmodulin antagonists that inhibit cytoskeletal movement, on the local kinetics of injected proteinuria‐inducing MoAb 5–1–6 was examined to test the hypothesis that proteinuria is inhibited if the antigen recognized by MoAb 5–1–6 or injected MoAb remains on the surface of epithelial foot processes. MoAb 5–1–6 was injected into both chlorpromazine‐treated (5 mg/100 g body weight) and untreated rats. As a positive control for the chlorpromazine treatment, anti‐Fx 1A serum was also injected into other chlorpromazine‐treated and untreated rats. Chlorpromazine inhibited neither the change in localization of injected MoAb 5–1–6 nor proteinuria, although it showed an inhibitory effect on redistribution of immune complex and the fixation of complement in passive Heymann glomerulonephritis induced by injection of anti‐Fx 1A serum. We conclude that the kinetics of bound MoAb 5–1–6 are regulated by a system different from that operating in passive Heymann glomerulonephritis.


We are all awaiting with great interest the data from the ALCHEMIST study or the ADJUVANT CTONG 1104 and the IMPACT WJCOG6401L. Interesting enough, those trials don't seem to be considering what we might have learnt so far: early stage is (IB) is going to be included; the length of time on Erlotinib is going to be 2 years, despite in the Radiant the median duration treatment was only 11.9 months for the erlotinib arm and the rate of grade ≥3 rush, diarrhoea was significantly higher than in the placebo arm. The 2 years' time on TKIs is extremely debatable and not supported by any evidence so far but purely arbitrary. In a different trial, TASTE [6,7], the erlotinib adjuvant was given up to 1 year and only stages II-IIA were enrolled just to minimize the armful risk of exposing patients to TKIs. Despite the trial being feasible the phase III was never run the TKIs have proven to be more effective than chemotherapy in the metastatic setting , but there is still debatable in the neoadjuvant treatment: the CTONG1103,a Chinese randomized phase III trial of Erlotinib vs cisplatin gemcitabine in EGFR positive stage IIIA, might give the definite answer soon. In neoadjuvant and metastatic setting the comparator against the TKIs has always been the chemotherapy whereas in the adjuvant setting, so far, the nobody has ever compared the adjuvant chemo (4 cycles of platinum based chemo) vs TKIs? Hopefully the CTONG 1104 (NCT01405079), a, multi-center, randomized, open-label, phase III trial that recruited stage II-IIIA (N1-N2) NSCLC patients with the EGFR activating mutation, might answer the question. In the trial the patients were randomized to receive gefitinib for 24 months or vinorelbine plus platinum for four cycles after surgery. The recruiting is complete and the result will be available soon.


Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Method the standard deviation calculation described in the previous section assumes that the data volatility is constant (homoscedastic) and can not be applied to unstable (heteroscedastic) data volatility.Therefore, one of the approaches to deal with the volatility of non-constant (heteroscedastic) data is the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) method developed. Data collection The data used in this study is daily stock price data from several stocks, namely PT. Agro Lestari (Persero) and Aneka Tambang Tbk which then will be sought stock return. Period of share data used from March 27, 2013 to March 27, 2014.From the result of VaR analysis shows that the risk of buying AALI shares is bigger that is 1050,25274 compared to buying ANTM stock that is equal to 49,7633,766 in year 2013-2014, so this is one of the reference in decision of share in 2014 2015. Assessing VaR this can be a strategy in the company's decision to take stock portfolio policies other. Keywords—Coagulation, Heteroskidastity,VaR EWMA, AALI, ANTM


The author presents a set of wall fresco and stucco fragments unearthed during the archaeological excavations carried out in the years 1990-1995 by Andrea Carandini in the area of the domus Publica on the Palatine Hill in Rome. They come from dump layers that have been deposited in order to obliterate demolished structures and raise the floor levels of the site. Most of them have a monochrome surface that is not useful for classification, but the analysis of the technique features and the ornamental repertoire of the decorated ones allowed the identification of different stylistic periods. In particular, a small amount of fragments can be assigned to the first Pompeian style, while the most of them have been divided into different units attributable to various phases of the second style. Very significant in the chronology of the context is the presence of fragments that can be ascribed to the transition phase from the second to the third Pompeian style (20-10 B.C.). There are also three different types of stucco mouldings.

Key-words: Rome, Palatin Hill, fresco wall paintings, stucco mouldings, first style, second style, transition phase.


Abstract A novel inline measuring system can be applied to polymer extrusion to achieve real time data on melt quality. Disturbing particles such as gels, unmolten resins, black spots or gas bubbles can be detected within flowing transparent polymer melts continuously without any lag of time directly during extrusion processing. In the first part of the present paper the state of the art related to particle monitoring in polymer melts in terms of 'process analytical technology (PAT)' will be presented briefly. After this the microphotometric measuring principle of the used inline process sensors from polymer melt particle (PMP) type will be described as well as various kinds of sensor adaptation to extruder machines. First experiments were realised on labscale extruders applying model particle systems to achieve detailed information on sensor performance characteristics. As a next step industrial polymer systems have been examined on pilot plant extruders. Finally results of these experiments contributed to the transfer of inline particle measurements to production line extruders.


Transformer has experienced tremendous success and revolutionized the field of natural language processing (NLP). While GPU has become the de facto standard for deep learning computation in many cases, there are still many scenarios where using CPU for deep learning remains a prevalent choice. In particular, ARM many-core processor is emerging as a competitive candidate for HPC systems, which is promising to deploy Transformer inference. In this paper, we first position three performance bottlenecks of Transformer inference on many-core CPU, including isolated thread scheduling and configuration, inappropriate GEMM implementation and redundant computations for variable-length inputs. To tackle these problems, we proposed cross-layer optimizations for these challenges from operator to runtime layer. To improve parallel efficiency, we design NUMA-aware thread scheduling and a look-up table for optimal parallel configurations.The implementation of GEMM is tailored for some critical modules to suit the characteristics of Transformer workload. To eliminate redundant computations, a novel storage format is designed and implemented to pack sparse data and a load balancing distribution strategy is proposed for tasks with different sparsity. Our experimental results show that our implementation can outperform existing solutions by 1.1x to 6x for fixed-length inputs and 1.9x to 6x for variable-length inputs depending on different sequence lengths and batch sizes.


The development of a Decision Support System (DSS) that is truly responsive to user needs has proven to be a deceptively complex, error-prone, and expensive process. One of the problems seems to be a mismatch between the design approaches and the organizational design environments. Because of the mismatch, many systems which are developed cease to be used or are used for routine report generation rather than for direct support of decision makers. This paper addresses that problem by first, analyzing existing DSS design approaches and discussing their shortcomings; second, by examining the nature of organizational design environments; and third, by prescribing which design approaches are appropriate for the environmental factors that are identical.


Universities now regard student mobility programmes as a context for their students to acquire intercultural skills, cosmopolitan outlooks and potential labour market advantage. If executed thoughtfully, immersing students in unfamiliar cultural environments and different academic systems can make them aware of their own taken-for-granted practices and assumptions by bringing them into contact with people and issues that broaden their perspectives. Little is known, however, about the preparation and support that students receive to maximise their learning from mobility programmes. Using Bourdieu's writings on forms of capital, field and institutional position-taking, the authors analyse a recent initiative to increase undergraduate outbound student mobility at a research-intensive Australian university against the experiences and perceptions of participating students. They conclude with a discussion of possible improvements to mobility programmes, including greater emphases on broadening student participation and more engagement with academic learning.


Introduction: Many of the largest volcanoes on Mars are located in high-albedo regions. These regions are spectrally bright due to mantling by surface dust, which masks the absorption features used to infer mineralogy in both the nearand thermal infrared [1-3]. As a result, the classical martian bright regions of Arabia Terra, Elysium Planitia, and Tharsis remain uncharacterized in detail with respect to mineralogy [4]. However, there are localized areas within these dusty regions where the dust cover is removed at varying time scales to expose the dark underlying substrate. These areas can serve as "windows" through the dust, allowing us to obtain higher quality mineralogical information via nearand thermal infrared spectroscopy. Here we present examples of near-infrared mineralogical analyses of dust-free "windows" that are associated with volcanic edifices. Some of Mars' largest volcanoes are located within very bright regions, including Alba Patera, Elysium Mons, Olympus Mons, and Tharsis Montes. Their capacity for erupting large amounts of material onto the martian surface as volcanic ash [5] or glass [6] in addition to lava flows makes understanding the composition of the crust at and near these locations critical for reconstructing the planet's volcanic history. Methods: Dust-free surfaces were identified using two methods. The Dust Cover Index (DCI) derived from Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data uses emissivity in the 1350 to 1400 cm -1 wavenumber region to determine the amount of dust present on Mars' surface [7]. Because the atmosphere is transparent in this region, emissivity can be solely attributed to the particle size of the silicate minerals at the surface. TES pixels appearing in large dusty regions that also match the parameter constraints defined by the DCI were mapped and targeted for further analysis. The DCI is a static map, so an alternative method is needed to search for dust-free surfaces that are shorterlived. The Mars Color Imager (MARCI) takes repeated visible-wavelength images of most of the surface every Mars day, allowing us to make small regional mosaics that identify areas with time-variable albedo during short time intervals. Previously mosaicked and sequenced MARCI quadrangles were used to distinguish areas that undergo significant darkening due to dustclearing events [8].


The utility model relates to a spin-on type engine oil filter, which comprises a housing, and a threaded cover plate, a sealing plate and a sealing ring which are arranged at one end of the housing, wherein an oil outlet is formed at the middle part of the threaded cover plate; oil inlets are formed at the peripheral part of the threaded cover plate; a filtering component which comprises a filtering core, a central tube, an upper end cover and a lower end cover is arranged in the housing; a check valve component which comprises a valve body, an elastic piece and a valve plate is arranged in the position of the lower end cover, which is corresponding to the central tube; the valve body is fixed on the side of the lower end cover, which is corresponding to the central tube; the valve plate is arranged at one end of the valve body, which is corresponding to the lower end cover; and the elastic piece is arranged on the other side of the valve plate, which is opposite to the lower end cover. The spin-on type engine oil filter adopting technical scheme has the effect of effectively protecting an engine from damage.


Objective To investigate estimation of calorie (energy) content of meals from fast food restaurants in adults, adolescents, and school age children. Design Cross sectional study of repeated visits to fast food restaurant chains. Setting 89 fast food restaurants in four cities in New England, United States: McDonald's, Burger King, Subway, Wendy's, KFC, Dunkin' Donuts. Participants 1877 adults and 330 school age children visiting restaurants at dinnertime (evening meal) in 2010 and 2011; 1178 adolescents visiting restaurants after school or at lunchtime in 2010 and 2011. Main outcome measure Estimated calorie content of purchased meals. Results Among adults, adolescents, and school age children, the mean actual calorie content of meals was 836 calories (SD 465), 756 calories (SD 455), and 733 calories (SD 359), respectively. A calorie is equivalent to 4.18 kJ. Compared with the actual figures, participants underestimated calorie content by means of 175 calories (95% confidence interval 145 to 205), 259 calories (227 to 291), and 175 calories (108 to 242), respectively. In multivariable linear regression models, underestimation of calorie content increased substantially as the actual meal calorie content increased. Adults and adolescents eating at Subway estimated 20% and 25% lower calorie content than McDonald's diners (relative change 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.66 to 0.96; 0.75, 0.57 to 0.99). Conclusions People eating at fast food restaurants underestimate the calorie content of meals, especially large meals. Education of consumers through calorie menu labeling and other outreach efforts might reduce the large degree of underestimation.


Upon illumination of spinach chloroplasts in the presence of [32P]orthophosphate and AMP and absence of substrate ADP, coupling factor-bound [32P]ADP is formed. This bound r3'P]ADP is stable enough to withstand purification of the coupling factor to homogeneity. However, the ability of this specially bound [""PIADP to serve as the ultimate phosphoryl donor to substrate ADP for the synthesis of [32P]ATP is labile. That is, addition of substrate ADP to the reaction immediately after the light is turned off causes quantitative transfer of the /3-phosphoryl group from this special [32P]ADP to the substrate ADP to yield [Y-~~P]ATP. As progressively longer periods of darkness are imposed between the formation of the coupling factorbound [32P]ADP and the addition of unlabeled substrate ADP, correspondingly less [32P]ATP is produced. This decay has a half-life of approximately 10 s. After the bound [32P]ADP has lost its competence to serve as a phosphoryl donor, it still can exchange with added unlabeled ADP. This exchange also decays in the dark, over an interval of several minutes. After a period of steady state photophosphorylation and several washes of the membranes in darkness to remove remaining [32P]phosphate, the donor function of the bound [32P]ADP can be reactivated in a second illumination period. It appears that, at the end of a period of steady state photophosphorylation, the chloroplasts are left with ADP bound in the donor site of the coupling factor. This bound ADP serves as the source of the y-phosphoryl group of the first ATP molecules synthesized at the start of a subsequent period of photophosphorylation. In addition, evidence was found that phosphate is sequestered by the chloroplasts in some way during illumination. An expanded model for ATP synthesis and a preliminary flip-flop (alternating site) mechanism for phosphorylation that involves four catalytic nucleotide binding sites are presented.


The history of coastal southern China in the early seventeenth century forms the topic of many learned studies. This includes work on important ports such as Macau, Zhangzhou 漳州 and Fuzhou 福州, on smaller offshore locations and the two large islands of Hainan and Taiwan, on sea routes, commercial exchange, laws and taxes, on merchants, institutions and polities involved in trade, on certain models and categories, as indeed, on many other topics related to economic and political issues. A huge collection of "hard facts" related to this macro-region and period in time has become available through thousands of publications in different languages. Therefore scholars will find it increasingly difficult to unearth completely new data pertaining to this field of study. It is also true that viewpoints often vary from one work to the next. When writing about the Zheng 鄭 clan and the VOC (Dutch East India Company) on Taiwan, Fujianese and Dutch historians often opt for different positions. Similar observations apply to research on Luso-Chinese relations: scholars in the Far East and Portugal follow their own traditions in dealing with Macau's past. Certain ports and regions at a distance from the China coast, but tied to it through various networks, multiple forms of exchange and the presence of strong Chinese communities (as, for example, in Manila and Nagasaki), pose additional questions that have not always led to unanimous answers. Not infrequently, specialists quote identical sources, selecting, however, different mosaic stones to construct their "own" panorama views; this may lead to unexpected explanations as to why a particular chain of events occurred, or why a set of observable things should undergo reconsideration. The present paper falls into the same category. It does not explore new facts, but draws attention to a standard set of "things", while adding


A method for characterizing dipole array antenna is presented in this paper using generalized scattering matrix (GSM) analysis and spherical mode analysis. The proposed method provides the coupling characteristics between elements such as active field pattern and active input impedance of a given dipole array. The method only needs the isolated antenna element parameters that are obtained by simulation tool, FEKO. The overall GSM of the given dipole array antenna is calculated with the isolated antenna element parameters and addition theorem of spherical mode analysis. The result is confirmed by simulation of the whole array structure. Keyword Dipole antenna array, Massive MIMO, Mutual coupling, General scattering matrix, Spherical mode analysis


The objective mode of scientific inquiry has increasingly been called into question especially within feminist theory. I have tried to introduce two methodological approaches in examing a small area of medical opinion‐making in the medical press at a period in which the question of women doctors was being discussed, but very few women doctors were actually practicing in Germany. Methodologically feminist history sees gender as a structural component used to ascribe sexual division of labour and to form concepts of "masculinity" and "femininity" in a society. It does not define "women's history" as a separate sphere additive to other traditional areas of historical writing including history of science. The second methodological approach is that of deconstruction: "objective" statements in medicine and the biological sciences are part of social and cultural preconceptions. I have examined the pattern of unreflected scientific statements about women's claims to want to become doctors. The pattern is one of preventive prejudice: representative doctors wrote about women in physiological and biological terms of being "weak" and "unfit". This was an effective strategy for maintaining a status quo of dequalification. The historical examination of women entering the professions has not so much to do with their own capacities, but rather with socially conceived forms of argumentation indirectly applied: preventive statements in medicine about biological function, the "weaker" sex, intellectual denigration, physiological determinism. Some of the statements I found are amusing, but the humour becomes bitter when the consequences enter our social consciousness.


Reproductive biology of three dominating mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops decandra and Avicennia marina from the Indian Sunderbans were studied. A comparative account on all floral parts revealed that as the bud progresses to completely open, the length of androecium surpassed the length of gynoecium and the anther matured first thus showing protandrous nature and favouring cross-fertilization. A study of pollen grain viability revealed that all of them produces fairly good amounts of viable pollen grains in their natural condition. The pollens showed their maximum viability late in the morning till early noon. The stigma showed peak receptivity after three days of flower opening in C. decandra and four days of flower opening in R. mucronata and A. marina. All the species showed out-breeding mechanism of pollination. The fruit setting percentage obtained by xenogamy was the highest and autogamy failed to show any result in all the three genera. Although Ceriops decandra and Avicennia marina showed very limited fruit set with geitonogamy, these two species can be called facultative out-crossers, while Rhizophora was obligate outcrosser in nature. The study on floral structure, pollen viability along with stigma receptivity of the investigated taxa guided to maximum exploitation of reproductive behavior for rising artificial and natural plant population in addition to build up a future research strategy in ecosystem conservation.


The goal of this project is to establish new, profitable and resilient irrigated horticulture value chains in the Queensland Murray Darling Basin (QMDB). The three export chains are:
 frozen sweet corn to Japan,
 fresh blueberries to the United Arab Emirates, and
 fresh leafy vegetables to Taiwan.


This document presents a technique developed to switch between different behavioral models in the interactive simulation of a mechanical object. When conducting interactive simulations several behavioral models may be required, due to limitations of the models' validity domain. In other cases, alternative models are developed to improve the accuracy or the precision of the estimated response. Smaller time of response is also another feature that fosters model creation. In this work, an all-available model approach is proposed to perform interactive simulations where using only one model during the simulation may not be desirable, since its validity domain is finite and its advantages may appear only in a specific range of behavior. This paper proposes coupling several available models to cover a reasonable validity domain, and in particular, to improve the overall time of response. A selector, based on the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang method of inference, is constructed to dynamically switch between models, accordingly to the environment's status. This flexible model, created from a collection of sub-models, may also adapt itself to manage the accuracy/precision-time relation. The concept has been implemented in the simulation of the mechanical response of a simple structure, and performed better than the sub-models that it integrates.


Hibernation in Prosimulium mysticum is regulated by the habitat temperature. The dormant larvae maintained a low rate of respiration and survived about 20 h of oxygen deprivation. Constantly aerated water, however, is necessary for prolonged survival. Hibernation is further characterized by the presence of low amounts of trehalose and glucose and high levels of glycogen, glycerol, sorbitol, and mannitol.When hibernation was terminated, respiration was significantly increased within 1–15 h at temperatures ranging from 20 to 9 °C; at 6 °C it took a little longer. Termination oaf dormancy was also associated with appreciable depletion of polyhydric alcohols and increase in trehalose.The developing larvae could reenter dormancy after being transferred from 9 °C to temperatures below 4 °C. Respiratory adjustments were achieved within a couple of hours of exposure to the low temperatures. Polyhydric alcohols were also completely recovered within a day.The significance of these observations in relation to the st...


During the anomalously low density solar wind interval of May 1999, GEOTAIL was in the magnetosheath for ∼37 hours after making an inbound crossing of the expanding bow shock at ∼8 RE upstream of its nominal position. Comparison among data sets obtained from GEOTAIL (magnetosheath), WIND (near upstream‐bow shock), and ACE (far upstream) reveals several unique features: Firstly, during the interval of 1430–1530 UT on 11 May, we observed both in the solar wind and magnetosheath double‐peaked protons with a peak separation of 250–300 km/s, which was close to the local Alfvén velocity during the event. Secondly, we observed extremely strong strahl electrons both in the solar wind and magnetosheath during the interval of 0600–2100 UT on 11 May 1999. We present an overview of the GEOTAIL observations, and discuss their physical significance.


The additive processes used in the manufacture of components for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), from composite filaments, have an important advantage compared to classical technologies. This study focused on three-dimensional design, preliminary aerodynamic analysis, fabrication and assembly of thermoplastic extruded composite components, flight testing and search-rescue performance of an UAV. The UAV model was designed to have the highest possible structural strength (the fuselage has a structure with stiffening frames and the wing is a tri-spar), but also taking into account the limitations of the thermoplastic extrusion process. From the preliminary aerodynamic analysis of the UAV model, it was found that the maximum lift coefficient of 1.2 and the maximum drag coefficient of 0.06 were obtained at the angle of attack of 12°. After conducting flight tests, it can be stated that the UAV model, with components manufactured by the thermoplastic extrusion process, presented high stability and maneuverability, a wide range of speeds and good aerodynamic characteristics. The lack of this type of aircraft, equipped with electric motors, a traffic management system, and a thermal module designed for search-and-rescue missions, within the additive manufacturing UAV market, validates the uniqueness of the innovation of the UAV model presented in the current paper.


Estuarine habitats such as seagrass beds, mangrove forests, salt marshes, mud and sandflats are considered important habitats supporting a diverse range of fish and crustaceans of ecological and economic importance. Many commercial fish species use estuarine habitats as nurseries or breeding grounds and have lifecycles correlated to rainfall and temperature variations. Despite the globally recognised ecological value of estuaries, there is little direct evidence to support the estuary–fisheries linkage paradigm. Traditionally, analyses of the importance of estuarine habitat characteristics to commercial fish catch have taken the single-habitat approach, i.e., assessing the value of individual habitat types. Different estuarine habitats offer different, and arguably, complementary functions and services to nekton during their life cycle. Connectivity of habitats is therefore likely to play a major role in fish movement and abundance. Little is known of movement patterns of estuary-dependent fish species within the estuarine landscape and few if any studies have applied the idea of spatial habitat metrics, in particular, connectivity, to estuarine environments. Elements of climate, such as temperature and rainfall, may impact on sustainable coastal fish production. How these factors, which are strongly related to global climate change, may influence future coastal fish production will have significant implications for sustainable fishery management. This thesis examines relationships between estuarine habitat characteristics, climate and commercial fish species in Queensland, Australia, with the objective of gaining clearer insight into how estuarine habitats may support commercial fisheries. The following specific questions were addressed: (1) What knowledge gaps exist in the literature regarding the role of climate and estuarine habitats in sustaining coastal fisheries? (2) What deficiencies exist in studies that addressed the relationship between estuarine habitats, climate (e.g., rainfall and temperature) and fisheries and how may existing data sets be refined to allow better analyses of this relationship? (3) What are the key structural features of estuarine habitats (e.g., connectivity) and the role of temperature and rainfall influencing coastal fishery production? (4) What are the implications of the relationships between fish catch, estuarine habitat and climate, for fisheries management?


This study aimed to assess the effects of fresh, thermal drying method (vacuum oven drying), and nonthermal drying method (freeze drying) on the antioxidant activities of leaves and berries of Cayratia trifolia using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) assays. The total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) of the leaves and berries of C. trifolia were also measured. Based on the results obtained, the TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities of the leaves and berries were arranged in the following order: freeze-dried sample with methanol extraction > vacuum-dried sample with methanol extraction > freeze-dried sample with water extraction > vacuum-dried sample with water extraction > fresh sample with methanol extraction > fresh sample with water extraction. The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the fresh and dried samples. In conclusion, freeze drying was found to be a good method for maintaining TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities by FRAP and DPPH methods in the leaves and berries of C. trifolia.


The invention relates to a mixed-fiber antibacterial towel, which is produced from cotton fibers, chitosan fibers, bamboo fibers, fibroin fibers and negative ion powder through a special process. The mixed-fiber antibacterial towel has the effects of lasting antibiosis, deodorization and anti-mite, skin care and wrinkle elimination, can be applied to physiotherapy and bathing, and is friendly to skin and comfortable; the mixed-fiber antibacterial towel is suitable for all kinds of people, in particular suitable for infants having low immunity, old people, women in the physiological period and athletes.


The set cover problem is one of the most fundamental problems in computer science. We present the problem of online set cover with delay (SCD). A family of sets with costs and a universe of elements are known in advance. Requests then arrive over time on the elements, and each request accumulates delay cost until served by the algorithm through buying a containing set. A request can only be served by sets that are bought after the request's arrival, and thus a set may be bought an unbounded number of times over the course of the algorithm. This property sets SCD apart from previous considerations of set cover in the online setting, in which there are no delays, elements are covered immediately, and sets stay bought permanently. This allows SCD to describe an unbounded process, with an unlimited number of requests for any given universe.
For the SCD problem, we show an $O(\log k\cdot\log n)$-competitive randomized algorithm, where $n$ is the number of elements and $k$ is the maximum number of sets containing any single element. We also show a lower bound of $\Omega(\sqrt{\log k})$ and $\Omega(\sqrt{\log n})$ on the competitiveness of any algorithm for SCD. For the special case of Vertex Cover with Delay (VCD), we show a simple $3$-competitive deterministic algorithm. The $O(\log k\cdot\log n)$-competitive algorithm is based on exponential weights combined with the max operator (in contrast to most algorithms employing exponential weights, which use summation). The lower bound is described by a recursive construction.


Lipoproteins transport lipid mediators through the body, making them an important component of lipid mediator biology. Walnuts are an abundant dietary source of linoleic (LA) and alpha‐linolenic (aLA) acids. They also improve plasma lipoprotein profiles. Both are likely to impact the quality and quantity of lipoprotein lipid mediators. We measured mid‐chain alcohols as HODEs from LA, HOTEs from aLA, HETEs from arachidonate (AA) and HEPEs from eicosapentaenoate(EPA) and fatty acid epoxides as EpOMEs from LA, EpODEs from aLA, EpETrEs (EETs) from AA, and EpETEs from EPA in High‐, Low‐, and Very Low‐Density Lipoproteins (HDL, LDL and VLDL respectively) in 20 subjects consuming Low (LWD; 5g/d) or High (HWD; 40g/d) walnut diets. HWD increased aLA content of all lipoproteins by 53% [12, 109]. In contrast to nominal fatty acid changes, HWD decreased HODEs by 41% [‐15, ‐59], but reduced HDL‐ and LDL‐HETEs (‐56% [‐25, ‐75] & ‐63% [‐37, ‐79]) and HDL‐ and LDL‐HEPEs (‐53% [‐12, ‐75] & ‐71% [‐45, ‐84]). HWD had no effect on HOTEs. EpOMEs, EpODEs and EpETrEs, were increased by HWD specifically in HDL by 63% [10, 141], 102% [28,220], and 58% [9, 130] respectively. EpETEs were reduced by HWD in LDL ‐54% [‐24, ‐72]. The rearrangements are consistent with reduced inflammatory burden of lipid mediators but are not explained simply by changes in precursor fatty acid abundance. This indicates some component of walnuts beyond their fatty acid composition influences lipid mediator distribution within lipoproteins.


Abstract THE EXCAVATIONS at Llandough have revealed a large Early-medieval cemetery in close proximity to the site of a Roman villa and Early-medieval monastery. This paper examines the evidence for the re-use of villa sites for burial in the post-Roman period. The documentary evidence for the monastery at Llandough is also presented, and the site discussed within the context of the Early-medieval political geography of South Wales.


Non-steady flow field of in-service polystyrene reactor was analyzed by means of FEM method.Macroscopic velocity field and analytic lines'velocity of the reactor were calculated.The influence for different marshalling angles of three agitator blades was studied.The results show that the marshalling angles have remarkable effect on flow field of polystyrene reactor.By comparison,the mixed effect of agitated blades with marshalling angles of 120 degree is best in three models,the marshalling angle of 120 degree is second and the mixed effect of in-service polystyrene reactor is least of all.The practice proves that the product quality is improved obviously in the new structural reactor with marshalling angle of 120 degree.At the same time,the mixed time is decreased and the production efficiency is increased.


Two experiments are reported that examine the effects of an ad campaign designed to link two different benefit claims to a brand. The findings indicated that recall for a subsequently advertised claim depended on the strength of existing brand–benefit links in memory. If prior advertising strongly established a benefit claim in memory, then proactive interference effects inhibited the recall of subsequently advertised benefit claims unrelated in meaning. Additional analyses suggested that these interference effects appeared to be a result of difficulties with encoding the newly advertised claims. If the original benefit claim was not as strongly established in memory, however, then unaided recall of the subsequently advertised benefit claims was actually higher than if there had been no prior advertising at all. In fact, less accessible and memorable claims, whether they preceded or followed more accessible and memorable claims, enhanced recall of the stronger claims. Additional analyses suggest that these elaboration effects occurred because prior or subsequent advertising improved brand awareness and thus later brand claim recall as a result.


This article introduced that the form of flange affected the positio n of contact points. Through analyzing the contact condition and grinding thesis of arc fange and straight flange, the conclusion has been reached that straight flange is better than arc flange.


Environmental Licensing for Hydroelectric Projects in Brazil: A Contribution to the Debate World Bank, Report no. 40995-BR, 2008. Available for download in English (summary report) and Portuguese (full report and annexes) at: <http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/ EXTERNAL/HOMEPORTUGUESE/ EXTPAISES/EXTLACINPOR/ BRAZILINPOREXTN/0,,contentMDK: 21436440~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~ theSitePK:3817167,00.html>


According to the Principle of Multiple nebulas inside of stellar metamorphosis theory, a new principle of solar systems is presented.


GST is one indirect tax for whole nation, making India one unified common market. GST is a single tax on the supply of goods and services, right from the manufacturer to the consumer. The study is useful to judge the impacts of the new taxation in the region, suggesting way out to succeed the business activity.<br>


The General Services A d m in is tra tio n , in a c r it iq u e d e live red to C ongress, says personnel cu ts and t ig h te r budgets o ve r the past th re e years have p reven ted GSA from meeting many o f its responsi b il it ie s . U nder the Federal Managers' F inancial In te g r ity A c t o f 1982, Congress req u ires a ll agencies to de ta il the weaknesses o f th e ir in te rn a l con tro l systems and spec ify what improvements are p lanned. The GSA s tu d y blames some o f the c ited defic iencies on budge t and personnel c u ts—'som ething th a t de p a rtin g a d m in is tra to r Gerald P. Carmen has repeated ly denied is a fa c to r.


This paper presents modelling of a 2-axle railway vehicle using two different simulation packages and compares simulation results of the two models. A simplified model of the railway vehicle is developed in `Matlab/Simulink' environment and a full model is obtained by building/connecting blocks using a multi-body simulation package called `Simpack'. The simulation results of the two models are presented, and controllers for active steering of the vehicle, which have been developed using the simplified linearised model in Matlab, are assessed using the non-linear detailed model in Simpack. The main purpose of the paper is to describe a methodology in which advanced controllers can be designed using Matlab/Simulink, and then verified and comprehensively evaluated in the Simpack environment.


Between 2.58 Ma and 2.4 Ma, most of the present onshore sector of the Netherlands was an epicontinental sea. Previous studies suggest the occurrence of multiple cold and warm phases in shallow marine successions of the Maassluis Formation in conjunction with the first prominent Northern Hemisphere ice sheet expansions. Nevertheless, correlation with deep marine isotope stages is tentative and relies on relative dating as absolute dating techniques are difficult to apply. Here, we present for the first time an early Quaternary, high-resolution benthic stable isotope record from the onshore sector of the Netherlands, taken from borehole Noordwijk.We tune our record to MIS 100e94 using the characteristic d18O signature and complementary biostratigraphic data. This new high resolution isotope chronology is providing important insights on stratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental development of the southern North Sea area during the early Quaternary


International benchmarking procedures are useful and effective tools to assess the performance of wastewater services. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are large resource consumers and are perceived as a promising effort to detain the global resources crisis through sustainable action. The economics of wastewater management and treatment is the subject of growing interest to protect the environment from the adverse effects. According to international water bodies, the challenges facing the governments are rapid population growth, worsening of the climate, severity of freshwater scarcity, rising costs, aging infrastructure, increasingly stringent regulatory requirements, and a rapidly changing workforce, varying influent due to storm water, etc. are global challenges. In this study, wastewater collection, treatment and discharge related to Tubli sewage treatment plant at Tubli Water Pollution Control Center were analyzed with the aim of developing key performance indicators, which are used for benchmarking purposes. This analysis helps improving the understanding of how individual scores of efficiency and operating variables are related. The study describes the development of a benchmark for the evaluation of control strategies in WWTPs. This study is intended to be useful to decision-makers in the wastewater treatment sector. The benchmarking methodology and empirical application developed by performance indicators (PIs) for wastewater services published by International Water Association (IWA) is used for improving the management of WWTPs and contribute to save operational costs. The study assessed the benchmarking of the wastewater services in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Performance assessment and benchmarking have developed as key aspects of WWTP management. Benchmarking is a data-driven process, and can only be successful if careful consideration is given to data availability and accuracy. Four teams have contributed to the development of the benchmark and have obtained results. The only data readily available and accurate are supplied for regulatory purposes. There are 184 PIs detailed by IWA. In the study 25 PIs were analyzed for the year 2017 where the data are readily available. The results indicated that, without sufficient data, assessing the accuracy of the data and identifying comparable WWTPs, the PIs analysis becomes increasingly complex. Improved data management practices can be achieved through WWTP benchmarking. Enabling the successful benchmarking in the present-day can (i) accelerate the improvement of data collection practices, (ii) improve WWTP management practices and (iii) lead the way to the inclusion of more advanced benchmarking applications in the years to come, when data availability and accuracy issues are corrected. Optimizing the investments and developing regional experiences are key factors to promote the scientific research.


Hypertrichosis implies excessive growth of hair on an individual, compared with persons of same age, sex and race which are either vellus, or lanugo as against hirsutism which indicates abundance of hair of the nature of terminal hairs and which is androgen dependent [1]. Congenital hypertrichosis universalis [CHU] is a rare disturbance characterized by persistence of lanugo like hairs over the whole body except palms, soles and mucous membranes, since birth. These hairs may remain constant, increase with age or even decrease as the child grows older [2].


The effective strain size and distribution of AZ31 magnesium deformed by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) for different die corner angles were investigated through the finite element simulation.The effect of the stain distribution in pressed workpiece on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the pressed workpiece was explored by optical observation and micro-hardness testing.The results show that the effective strain distribution in the samples is more homogeneous at 20° than those at other angles.After the AZ31 magnesium alloy is processed by ECAP,its microstructure is significantly refined and its mechanical property is improved,but the distribution of the grain size and micro-hardness in the cross-section of the pressed samples is inhomogeneous.The inhomogeneous distribution of the effective strain is one of the main factors that lead to the uneven microstructure and property.


In an empirical context, a method to use nonlinear control theory in the dynamic analysis of supply chain resilience is developed and tested. The method utilises block diagram development, transfer function formulation, describing function representation of nonlinearities and simulation. Using both 'shock' or step response and 'filter' or frequency response lenses, a system dynamics model is created to analyse the resilience performance of a distribution centre replenishment system at a large grocery retailer. Potential risks for the retailer's resilience performance include the possibility of a mismatch between supply and demand, as well as serving the store inefficiently and causing on-shelf stock-outs. Thus, resilience is determined by investigating the dynamic behaviour of stock and shipment responses. The method allows insights into the nonlinear system control structures that would not be evident using simulation alone, including a better understanding of the influence of control parameters on dynamic behaviour, the identification of inventory offsets potentially leading to 'drift', the impact of nonlinearities on supply chain performance and the minimisation of simulation experiments.


Summary The article is aimed at formation of the approaches and stages of organizational development for a large vertically integrated company, ensuring the country's strategic security in the fi eld of energy. The methodological basis of this work is the theory of the company's life cycle, and it is proposed to complement the mentioned theory with the theory of spiral dynamics, reflecting the evolution of the company's values. The approaches to organizational development are analysed and organizational development is defined. The possibility and necessity of management of organizational development are substantiated. As a result of the study, there were described the features of the organizational development of large energy company, and this is for the first time. The analysis of publications and world experience in the development of energy companies allowed proposing four basic stages of organizational development: team building and life cycle dynamics, value management and implementation tools. There is offered the use of organizational development as an instrument of management, which enables to achieve not only company development goals, but also to manage its values, achieve maximum employee involvement in development, and to shift from the management of the company to team work. Further research in this area it is advisable to carry out in detail the stage of organizational development and description of each stage's tools.


Existing ideas about biological and pharmacological effects of somatostatin and its analogs are the preconditions for using ligands of somatostatin receptors in gastroenterology. Neuropeptides and their analogs induce a number of physiologic reactions, these include depressing effect on pancreatic secretion. Somatostatin and octreotide can modulate cytokines' output; reduce an effect of toxins on biliary cells, stomach and exocrine pancreatic cells, influence on pancreatic blood flow. Ligand-receptor interaction of somatostatin and octreotide with various subtypes of SST-receptors is different, which causes different biologic effects.


Amongst Harnack's immense historical production less studied is the anthropology underneath his interpretation of Christianity. Religious experience has a transcendental structure, which forms a Christology in nuce : the apertures of mankind to the impenetrable mystery of his own existence finds its purer historical realisation in the filial relationship of Jesus with God the Father. Harnack understands the historical Jesus as a personality metahistorical, or as the expression of the essence of humanity, because by means of his example and gospel he continues to educate towards the communion with God and fraternity among men. The Christological dogma of Nicea in that way is dimythicized and transformed in praxis: in commitment to the service of culture and social solidarity. The protestant German middle-class in the Wilhelmian period can acknowledge that the modern transformations have not involved the dissolution of Christology, but its diffusion in all environments of individual and collective existence.


To investigate the influence of monetary incentive and cooperation/competition instructions upon performance in a minimal social situation, pairs of Ss were interconnected so that the button-pressing responses of S1 provided positive or negative rewards to S2, and vice versa. Competing Ss were told to make more points than the opponent. Cooperating Ss were told to make as high a combined score as possible. Ss were offered a monetary incentive for the highest score or no incentive. Analyses indicated more correct responses for cooperating Ss and no significant monetary incentive effects.


Background: Nausea, and vomiting (emesis gravidarum) are symptoms that often occur in 60-80% primigravida and 40-60% multigravida. Nausea and vomiting are symptoms experienced by women during early pregnancy, where this condition usually begins 4-8 weeks of pregnancy and can be more severe by the 9th week. The condition of nausea and vomiting will improve at 14 weeks of gestation and above. The discovery of the effectiveness of ginger in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is a potential health technology assessment that can be recommended in midwifery practice. However, a comprehensive analysis is needed regarding the use of ginger in reducing complaints of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Therefore, this analysis was conducted to determine how the effect and safetyness of ginger in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.Method: The method used was a narrative review method. The articles were searched using 3 databases (PubMed, siencedirect, and Wiley online library). The inclusion criteria of the article were articles published in 2011-2021, in English and discussing the effect of ginger to reduce nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. The article search flow was described using PRISMA Flowchart. Meanwhile, article quality assessment was carried out using MMAT and CASP. Furthermore, data preparation and reporting of results were carried out.Result: Out of the 10 articles that had been extracted,9 article involved pregnant women as participants. while 1 article only discusses the effectiveness of ginger in reducing nausea vomiting,6 articles had been used using randomized controlled trials and 4 articles were systematic reviews. Based on the quality of the articles, 9 articles obtained grade A and 1 article obtained grade B. furthermore, three themes were obtained, namely effectiveness, safety, other therapies, and 5 related sub-themes of effective, ineffective, safety, pharmacological therapy, and non-pharmacological therapy.Conclusion: The findings of this narrative review found that ginger is effective and safe in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.


The geometrical structure of a tree can consist of thousands, even millions, of branches, twigs and leaves in complex arrangements. The structure contains a lot of useful information and can be use ...


An overview of Ohio University's Global Learning Community (GLC) is presented from the perspective of contemporary engineering education. The GLC's multidisciplinary approach to studying international themes in a global context through its pedagogy of projectand team-based learning is described in relation to recent changes in ABET requirements (EC2000) for accrediting undergraduate engineering education programs. Programmatic challenges presently inhibiting extensive collaboration between the GLC and engineering education at Ohio University are described as well as opportunities for marginally improving collaboration despite these challenges.


For th e first time hig h-quality co\Trage of thc ERS-I radar altimeter prO\'id es a very aecuratc surface topographic map co\'C rin g 80% of the Anta rcti c ice shee t th a t ca n contribute sig nifi cantl y to g lacio logical studi es such as ice-sheet fl o\\' modelling. Th e topogra phy aUO\\'s es tim a tion of th e ice-flO\\' direction, th e balance \'e locit y a nd the basa l shear stress. A relationship bet\\'een shea r stress, basal temperature a nd a parameter relat ed to stra in ra te helps in mapping the behm'iour anomalies or these pa ra meters. Longitudinill stress, sliding, bedrock topograph y a nd \'ariation in the piT-exponential fac tor or th e floll' law a re [o Llndto play a major ro le in the ice-(l ow pattern. This relation ca n a lso be used to estimate rheological parameters: th e Glen ex ponent n is fo ullclto be I fo r T< IO -C and 3-4 for hi g her temperatures, where Q is found to be 70 kJ Illol I .