Understanding what shapes the mammal species poaching in protected areas is critical to developing targeted management strategies for reducing poaching. We collected the data for poaching incidents on the GPS coordinates from 2011 to 2017 to map poaching incidents in the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve. Poaching incidents were then related to environmental and anthropogenic variables using regression analyses. The study shows that poaching is more concentrated along the main river in the Pendjari National Park. Only nearest distance to the main river significantly predicted the location of high poaching incidents. These results could be used as the starting point by the park managers when planning the anti-poaching activities.


To the Editor. —Physicians have both a medical and a legal duty to warn the family members of patients with contagious diseases, such as meningococcemia or tuberculosis, about a potential for contracting the disease as a result of exposure. On the other hand, no presumption of a legal duty has until recently existed for infectious but noncontagious diseases, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever. In a 1993 decision, the Tennessee Supreme Court ruled that a physician treating a patient with documented or suspected Rocky Mountain spotted fever has a legal duty to warn identifiable third parties in the patient's immediate family about the risk of contracting the disease.1Clustering of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and the simultaneous illness in the family have been reported in a small number of cases.2,3Of note, major internal medicine and infectious diseases textbooks do not mention either family clustering or duty to


Two stages of process when internal pressure is lower then discharge pressure is considered. Considered compressor operation composed of medium-temperature chiller at refrigerant R717 and R404a. Provides efficiency indicators, relative resistance in discharge process, relative energy loss in inflow process from discharge port depending on volume ratio. In medium-temperature chiller mode energy efficiency of screw compressor on refrigerant R717 above then on R404а of all volume ratios.


With the development of human communications the usage of Visual Communications has also increased. The advancement of image compression methods is one of the main reasons for the enhancement. This paper first presents main modes of image compression methods such as JPEG and JPEG2000 without mathematical details. Also, the paper describes gradient Haar wavelet transforms in order to construct a preliminary image compression algorithm. Then, a new image compression method is proposed based on the preliminary image compression algorithm that can improve standards of image compression. The new method is compared with original modes of JPEG and JPEG2000 (based on Haar wavelet) by image quality measures such as MAE, PSNAR, and SSIM. The image quality and statistical results confirm that can boost image compression standards. It is suggested that the new method is used in a part or all of an image compression standard.


Comments to the Decisions of the General Directorate of Law and Legal Institutions of March 30, 2006; April 18, 2006; May 10, 2006; May 12, 2006; May 19, 2006; May 22, 2006; May 23, 2006 and July 7, 2006.


Porous carbon xerogels were prepared from the sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol with formaldehyde (RF) followed by carbonization at a high temperature under argon atmosphere. The capacity of the carbon xerogels for direct immobilization of metal complexes was tested with a vanadium(IV) complex, [VO(HL)(H2O)(CH3OH)], which possesses an extended ligand π system and reactive hydroxyl groups on the L-tyrosine fragment. Textural characterization of the CXG and CXG/[VO(HL)(H2O)(CH3OH)] have been investigated using N2 adsorption–desorption at −196°C. Chemical surface groups were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Nano-particle size and morphology of CXG and CXG/[VO(HL)(H2O)(CH3OH)] nano-particles have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Catalytic activity of CXG/[VO(HL)(H2O)(CH3OH)] was investigated in the aerobic oxidation of olefins. The reaction conditions have been optimized for solvent and temperature. CXG/[VO(HL)(H2O)(CH3OH)] showed higher catalytic activity for the epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins with molecular oxygen in the presence of isobutyraldehyde. Comparison of the heterogenized catalyst, CXG/[VO(HL)(H2O)(CH3OH)], with the corresponding homogeneous catalyst, [VO(HL)(H2O)(CH3OH)], showed that the heterogeneous catalyst had higher activity and selectivity than the homogeneous counterpart. The heterogeneous catalyst was easily recovered from the reaction medium and could be re-used for other five runs without significant loss of activity.


The indexes are advanced to decide the summer monsoon extent of East Asia and identify the activie region of the tropical and subtropical summer monsoon.By using the NCEP/NCAR troposphere data of wind,geopotential height,humidity,temperature,the satellite-derived OLR and TBB,the activity and variability characteristics of the monsoon circulation during '0506'continuous rainstorm are diagnosed from monthly,pentad and the process time scales.The results indicate that if the subtropical anticyclone is stronger,the west-point of subtropical anticyclone ridge is more farther westward and southward than the climatological average,and the cross-equatorial stream in tropical western Pacific(130-140°E) is stronger.South China is located in a region of the anomalous cyclonic depression.These characteristics are exhibited in either monthly or rainstorm process time scale.Besides the Bay of Bengal and South China sea,the water vapor of the rainstorm process is mainly from the abnormal water vapor flux over the South China sea and the tropical western Pacific.The water vapor in the tropical western Pacific transports to South China following the stream at the edge of the subtropical anticyclone via the South China sea.Consequently,plentiful water vapor is provided during the rainstorm process.The front part of tropical summer monsoon stagnates for two pentads longer than the climatological average.This characteristic is a valuable signal for forecasting South China rainstorms.The mean monsoon strength over the South China sea in June is stronger,which is showed by the stronger meridional wind.But the rainstorm process begins in the period of inactive summer monsoon over the South China sea,which is related to the northward spread of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation.The activity and variability characteristics of monsoon mentioned above act as favorable dynamic condition and the abundant water vapor sources.


FIELD: organic chemistry of heterocyclic compounds, biochemistry, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heterocyclic compound of the formula (I) wherein R 1 represents C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, halogen atom, optionally substituted heterocyclic group or optionally substituted C 6 -C 10 -aryl; R 2 represents carboxyl or hydroxyaminocarbonyl group; Ar represents phenyl or thienyl; A represents C 1 -C 6 -alkylene; X represents oxa-group or single bond; Y represents thia-group, sulfinyl or sulfonyl; Z represents methylene group; m and n each is a whole number from 0 to 1; m + n = 1 or 2; or its salt. Compounds can be used as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases or for preparing tumor necrosis factor-α. Also, invention describes pharmaceutical composition based on these compounds and method for their preparing. EFFECT: improved preparing method, valuable medicinal and biochemical properties of compounds. 9 cl, 1 tbl, 508 ex


(1) Growth of ductile cast iron both in air and vacuum were less than that of normal cast iron melted with same conditions except magnesium treatment in ladle, and the growth increased by remelting. (2) Growth increased with elevated heating temperatures (750•`950•Ž), but the effects were poor. (3) Oxidation effects and decrease of strength by cyclic heating were not apparent. (4) With the same rate of cooling and heating on the curves of length-change of ductile cast iron the Ar1 expansion and the Ac1 contraction apparently were not found, but with other type cast irons these changes appeared. Consequently in the microstructure of ductile cast iron more ferrite were observed. (5) The growth of ductile cast iron were caused namely by the locational irreversibility of graphite reformation during the heating and cooling, and growth of cast iron varied with the mechanism of ferrite formation through critical range and the effects of oxidation for each cast iron.


An impressive body of meticulous scholarship in the history of the book has led scholars to reject outmoded models of revolutionary change and technological determinism, and instead to explore themes of evolution and organic change. Similarly, the old unitary and Eurocentric book history is being supplanted by a series of parallel narratives where the focus is on human adaptation of new technologies to newly felt needs and fresh marketing opportunities. The article suggests that the study of book history is a way of thinking about how people have given material form to knowledge and stories. It highlights some particularly ambitious recent arguments, and emphasizes research, theory and pedagogy as the means to a wider understanding. Rather than being an academic discipline, book history is identified as an "interdiscipline," an intellectual space where scholars practicing different disciplinary approaches and methodologies address the same capacious conceptual category.


The cracking behavior of precracked rocks under mechanical-hydraulic loading is of great significance in underground openings or petroleum engineering. In this study, an advanced in-house finite element code PANDAS proved to be effective in simulating coupled fracturing processes under complex geological conditions was used to simulate the cracking propagation of the precracked rocks under mechanical loading and mechanical-hydraulic loading with different strength parameters. The simulation results demonstrated that (1) the cracks initiate by the induced stresses, and multiple types of tensile cracks originate from the preexisting flaws; (2) crack propagation patterns under mechanical-hydraulic loading were studied with different strength parameters, and the multiple patterns of pure tensile, main tensile, tensile-shear, main shear, and pure shear were observed; and (3) the timing of hydraulic loading has a significant impact on the fracturing process: when hydraulic loading was carried out in the phase of main crack propagation, the tensile fracture was promoted and the shear fracture was inhibited; when hydraulic loading was carried out in the phase of shear crack propagation, the shear fracture and tensile fracture were stimulated. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results by previous studies. The research on the cracking behavior of precracked rocks under mechanical and hydraulic loading will expand the application prospect in the fields of coal seam gas reservoir and tunnel water inrush.


Tory health critic, publicly refuted allegations made by the coalition and endorsed by the OMA's leadership that the Canada Health Act will turn physicians into civil servants. Through its militant pursuit of the economic interest of physicians without regard to public sensibility and its lack of any wider social conscience, the OMA's leadership has brought the entire profession into disrepute and has dealt a severe blow to the credibility and moral standing of this once proud and noble profession. I cannot believe that I am the only physician in this country who feels obliged to repudiate the present leadership of the OMA in the best interests of the profession. I fervently hope that there is indeed a silent majority of physicians across this country who are, like me, ashamed of the actions of our leaders and would like to restore the pride and reputation of the profession. I would like to hear from colleagues who believe as I do that the practice of medicine is a moral vocation, a privilege and an opportunity to provide service to the sick and the community at large, and that the prime purpose of medicine is not to enrich the physician.


Objective To increase the diagnostic level in anaplastic large cell lymphoma with unknown origin fever and hemophagocyte,approach the clinical features and treatment.Methods Analysis retrospective the pathologically diagnosed of one case anaplastic large cell lymphoma,review the pertinent literature for increasing recognition of the disease.Results The patient was diagnosed for bone marrow biopsy and unknown origin fever,treated with CHOP、VDLP chemotherapy,the disease was controled temporary.Conclusion Anaplastic large cell lymphoma with the main performance of unknown origin fever is lack of specificity,and easy to misdiagnosis,the diagnosis of this disease depends on the evidence of histopathology in lymph nodes、bone marrow and spleen.


This article analyses the statistical properties of that general class of conditional heteroscedasticity models in which the conditional variance is a linear function of squared lags of the process. GARCH, IGARCH, FIGARCH, and a newly proposed generalization, the HYGARCH model, belong to this class. Conditions are derived for the existence of second and fourth moments, and for the limited memory condition of near-epoch dependence. The HYGARCH model is applied to 10 daily dollar exchange rates, and also to data for Asian exchange rates over the 1997 crisis period. In the latter case, the model exhibits notable stability across the pre-crisis and post-crisis periods.


The basic pattern of international taxation has been in place for upwards of 80 years at this point. Although this regime served reasonably well for many years, addressing in more or less appropriate fashion the transaction formats that were current during that period, cracks have appeared in the foundation and seem to be widening. The causes are easily identified: increased mobility of capital (and people), the continuous de-construction and re-assembly of transaction forms, and the evolution of commerce from transactions in tangible goods to services and electronic-based (or at least electronically-acquired) products. All have contributed to increasing dissonance in international tax results. This paper does not attempt any sort of comprehensive re-thinking of the existing rules for taxing international transactions. Rather, its object is the much more modest one of suggesting consideration of a mechanism - a multilateral tax treaty, in certain discrete settings - that might address some difficult international tax problems, which have come to the fore. Two such contexts will be considered here: (i) multi-national service partnerships and (ii) international electronic commerce ("e-commerce") transactions. The two topics seem to have nothing to do with each other, but each presents a potentially interesting test case for a single-subject multilateral tax treaty. It may be the case that multilateral tax treaties could be useful in other settings, and perhaps the successful implementation of one or more limited treaties could create a favorable climate for more multilateral tax agreements. Part I of this paper briefly describes the framework of international tax law, how we got here and to some degree where we are. It continues with an overview of the situation of multilateral tax treaties: few exist today, but there is a clear trend towards multilateral cooperation by governments in tax matters. Part II summarizes the tax treatment of multinational service partnerships, and then outlines the possibility of a multilateral tax treaty to achieve significant simplification for both taxpayers and governments, as well as other benefits. Part III begins by providing some background regarding electronic commerce transactions, and the many intractable international tax issues that arise from these transactions. It then examines briefly the closely parallel issues being confronted by the U.S. states and the European Union (EU), both of which have focused carefully on the issue of sellers who are remote from their buyers, and, in particular, in the case of the EU, on the issue of "electronically supplied services." It concludes by examining in part III.D several interesting proposals that have been made to date to respond to the international tax issues presented by electronic commerce. Part IV builds on the proposals in III.D and considers whether a multilateral tax treaty that addresses electronic commerce issues might appropriately respond to concerns regarding multiple taxation, as well as issues of multiple non-taxation, and also achieve significant tax simplification.


Background: Expression of p190 BCR-ABL mRNA is generally considered to be confined to patients with acute lymphoid or more rarely myeloid leukemias, whereas p210 BCR-ABL mRNA is the hallmark of CML. In reality it is not uncommon the presence of p190 m-RNA in p210 CML in chronic phase, due to alternative or missplicing1. Its presence seems to have no impact on prognosis in the pre-TKI era, although it may be expression of genomic instability.

Aim: Primary object of this study was to investigate if the co-expression might influence the rate of early outcome surrogate endpoints such as such as early complete cytogenetic response in patients treated with imatinib. The secondary endpoint was the evaluation of failure free survival (FFS) measured from the start of imatinib to the date of any of the following events: progression to accelerated or blastic phase, death for any cause and switch to nilotinib/dasatinib for resistance or intolerance.

Methods: Were evaluated patients with CML in chronic phase treated with imatinib at our institution. We excluded cases with less than one year of treatment and/or treated with other TKIs or conventional chemotherapy.The fusion transcripts BCR-ABL were evaluated at diagnosis in peripheral blood by NESTED-PCR2 and the cytogenetic response were evaluated in bone marrow cells with G-banding technique and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)3. The patients were divided into two groups, "double transcripts" (DT) and "single transcript" (ST). All patients received imatinib 400 mg/die.

Results: A total of 56 patients were analyzed. The median age of patients was 58 years (range 28-80 years) and 35 (62%) were male. Twenty patients (36%) were DT and thirty-six (64 %) ST. The distribution according to Sokal score was: 7 (35%), 8 (40%) and 5 (25%) patients for low, intermediate and high risk in the DT, whereas 18 (50%), 15 (42%) and 3 (8%) low, intermediate and high risk in ST, respectively. The complete cytogenetic response at 3 months was achieved in 2 patients with DT and 7 patients with ST (10% vs 19% p 0.35), at 6-month complete cytogenetic response was achieved in 8 patients with DT and 27 patients with ST (40% vs 75% p 0.01) (Table 1). After median follow-up of 1966 days, the FFS was significantly different between the DT and ST (55% vs 5 % p< 0.001) ([figure 1][1]), 11 patients in the DT group and 5 patients in ST group had shift to TKI 2i generation (55% vs 14% p 0.001) and 4 patients in DT group not achieved complete cytogenetic response.

Summary/Conclusion: In our study the co-expression of p190 and p210 BCR-ABL transcripts influences the early cytogenetic response to imatinib and suggesting the need for a larger validation study

Reference

1). van Rhee F, Hochhaus A, Lin F, Melo JV, Goldman JM, Cross NC. : "p190 BCR-ABL mRNA is expressed at low levels in p210-positive chronic myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemias." Blood. 1996 15;87:5213-7.

2). Hermans A, Selleri L, Gow J, Wiedemann L, Grosveld G: "Molecular analysis of the Philadelphia translocation in chronic myelocytic and acute lymphocytic leukemia." Leukemia 2:628,1988.

3) Landstrom AP, Tefferi A.: "Fluorescent in situ hybridization in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of chronic myeloid leukaemia". Leuk Lymphoma. 2006;47:397-402.

![Figure 1:][2]

Figure 1:
Failure Free Survival:

Table 1 : Complete Cytogenetic response:

![Figure 2][2]

Figure 2

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: #F1
 [2]: pending:yes


Fiscal Reforms in Transition Economies: Implications for Cuba is part of the 2000 Annual Proceedings of The Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy.


Based on the statistic analysis of 648 pieces of English literature on DB general contracting management,finds that DB performance comparison with other models,DB contract,DB contractor selection,etc.,are important research topics. This paper mainly explores the research conclusions for each topic through literature review method. The research findings are:DB has advantages of time saving and cost reducing;DB project should use two-stage best-value contractor selection method;most of the barriers in applying DB come from client and law;the most important issue in DB design management is to decide the proper ratio of design between client and contractor;DB contractor,client,project team,and tendering documents are critical success factors of DB project. Based on the above findings,proposes future research directions for researcher of DB model to carry out relevant research in China.


Rotor inertia and damping of Synchronous Generator(SG) plays vital role in frequency stability of grid. In upcoming era of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) with power electronic interface, these properties of SG are deficit. Mimicking inverters to behave as SG has evolved concept of Virtual Synchronous Generators(VSG). Their performance during frequency deviations depends on real time calculations of grid frequency and power reference. This paper contributes to accurate measurement of frequency to generate power reference using Smart Discrete Fourier Transform (SDFT) for smooth operation of VSG.


Research with the title "Productive Infaq Management System for Micro-enterprises at BAZNAS Deli Serdang", aims to find out how the management of productive infaq at BAZNAS Deli Serdang. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of descriptive method which is a research method that utilizes qualitative data and is described descriptively. The data analysis technique used in this research is a qualitative analysis of the data obtained from the field, either in the form of observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study inform that productive infaq managed by BAZNAS Deli Serdang Regency uses a loan system and will be returned with mutually agreed terms.


1. The modulatory effects of carbachol, endothelin‐1 and isoprenaline upon Na(+)‐H+ exchange were examined in dog cardiac Purkinje fibres. Intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular sodium activity (aiNa) were recorded using pH and Na(+)‐selective microelectrodes. Acid extrusion via Na(+)‐H+ exchange was estimated from the pHi recovery rate (multiplied by intrinsic buffering power (beta i) and adding mean background acid load) in response to an internal acid load induced by the removal of 20 mM NH4Cl. All experiments in this work were performed in Hepes‐buffered solutions at 37 degrees C. 2. beta i was estimated at various values of pHi in the range of 7.4‐6.4 and was calculated from the fall of pHi induced by the addition and removal of NH4Cl. Experiments were performed when Na(+)‐H+ exchange was blocked. The values of beta i in this tissue were only slightly dependent on pHi in the range of 7.4‐6.4 with an empirical relationship: beta i = ‐4.69 pHi + 64.59. 3. Endothelin‐1 (10(‐8) M) alkalinized the resting pHi by approximately 0.1 pH unit and accelerated acid extrusion, by approximately 96%, at pHi approximately 6.9. A reduction of background acid loading within the cell cannot account for the augmentation of pHi recovery, since the rate of acid extrusion was not changed either at resting pHi or at internal acidification in Na(+)‐free solution (a measure of background loading) by the addition of endothelin‐1. The protein kinase C inhibitors staurosporin (10(‐6) M) and 1‐(5‐isoquinolinylsulphonyl)‐2‐methyl‐piperazine (H‐7, 50 microM) could not block the effect of endothelin‐1 on the antiporter. 4. At pHi approximately 6.8, carbachol (7.5 x 10(‐4) M) accelerated pHi recovery by approximately 68% and alkalinized the resting pHi by approximately 0.1 pH unit. This stimulatory effect of carbachol was completely blocked by pretreatment with atropine (10(‐4) M) and staurosporine 10(‐6) M. The background acid load was not reduced by adding carbachol, since the acid extrusion during pHi recovery or at the resting state was not affected by the addition of carbachol to a sodium‐free solution. 5. Isoprenaline (10(‐6) M) slowed pHi recovery by approximately 45% measured at pHi 6.9 with no change in resting pHi. A rise in background acid loading could not account for the reduction of acid extrusion. Pretreated with atenolol (10(‐6) M), a beta 1‐selective antagonist, completely blocked the effect of isoprenaline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


Normal growth of the prostate and the malignant growth of prostate cancer (CaP) are dependent on androgen (e.g. testosterone) stimulation. Consequently, treatment of CaP by androgen ablation (administering antiandrogens or castration) stops cancer growth but, after a period of remission, growth is renewed and is not susceptible to antiandrogen therapy. This phase of the disease is termed "androgen‐independent". It is the androgen‐independent growth that must be blocked to conquer CaP. In 1998 we found that androstenediol (Adiol) is an androgen and that its effects are not inhibited by the drugs currently used to treat CaP. Adiol is produced in the adrenals and accumulates in the prostate to concentrations that maximally transactivate the androgen receptor. In a search for inhibitors of Adiol we have made many new steroids; three are effective vs both Adiol and dihydrotestosterone. ADEK is the most suitable for therapy. It is non‐toxic in rats and inhibits growth of the prostate and seminal vesicles.


The invention relates to a heavy duty soft magnetic steel suitable for welding and with a high resistance in the heat influence zone of welded joints, high specific electrical resistance for the reduction of eddy currents, ageing stability and weathering resistance.


How was it possible for recent reforms of the social insurance systems in France and in Germany to be adopted, despite the fact that they have weakened unions that were until then considered veto players? After going over the history of how these social partners built their political power, we describe the changes that led to them losing this power. The first part highlights three characteristics of the era that spans from the end of the 19th century to the 1980s. 1. The influence of social partners was sometimes crucial in deciding how to organize social insurance systems as institutions. 2. Social partners tried to preserve a system financed by payroll taxes in order to achieve and maintain control over social insurance. To do so, they acted to prevent the State from being involved. Path dependency is the main factor in explaining how they were successful. 3. Different countries and sectors have their own specificities. In the second part, we show how these specificities can explain the nature, but not the feasibility, of the reforms. Changes in the health and unemployment sectors, in France and in Germany, are analyzed and characterized. The same evolution is at work: social partners are weakened, while the State gains more control over financing, management, and decision making. This parallel evolution leads us to search for a common explanation for both countries and both sectors. In the current context of macroeconomic difficulties, loss of legitimacy on the part of unions, increased autonomy of politicians with respect to social partners, the main cause is not division within the ranks of the social partners or of the unions themselves, but the abrupt end to a relatively corporatist consensus (financing through a payroll tax proportional to income and management by social partners). This disagreement overlaps with the question of coverage for non-employees: should it be financed through social contributions or taxes, and should it be considered part of the social insurance system, or of national solidarity?


The history of western societies reveals a recurring theme of standing up for the child's perspective in order to liberate the child from external authority. On the one hand this is related to the rise of enlightened theories of education since the seventeenth century. On the other hand this is related to radical changes in life circumstances of young children and their mothers and fathers in industrialized urban countries. Pleas to free children were, and are, always connected to endeavours to rethink authority and the balance between autonomy and connectedness. In this paper I put the recent interest in the child's voice into an historical perspective. Firstly I briefly discuss the liberation of the child at an ideological level; the level of the enlightened pedagogues and developmental psychologists. Secondly, I discuss changes in society that created the necessary conditions to put the enlightened ideas into practice in the nineteenth and twentieth century. Finally I discuss why listening to the child's voice is urgently needed in the beginning of the twenty‐first century.


Objective To reveal the influence of arsenic levels in human body by analyzing the health indicator of occupational arsenic exposure workers. Methods 137 occupational arsenic exposure workers(exposed group) from 2 non-ferrous metals processing enterprises(1 lead smelting and 1 stannum smelting enterprises separately) were chosen as the research objects. 40 of them were lead smelting group and 97 of them were stannum smelting group. The control group consisted of 42 non-arsenic-contact(primary school teachers). TAs, arsenic levels of morphology of urinary and health surveillance were carried out to research objects.Results The densities of arsenic compounds from two smelting factories in the exposed group were higher than the national occupational health standards with 0.52mg/m3 and 0.20mg/m3 respectively. There was a statistical difference between the TAs and DMA in the exposed group and control group(P0.01), respectively. The main arsenic valence was DMA in both groups and it reached 90% of the content of arsenic speciation. It had showed a positive correlation between the density of arsenic compounds in the air and the arsenic exposure workers' urinary total arsenic and DMA. Aminopherase had gone up and red blood cell declined when total arsenic and DMA ascend. Conclusion Total arsenic and DMA of arsenic exposure workers went up when the density of arsenic contact rose up and arsenic speciation(especially DMA) had an obvious adverse effect on workers liver, heart, kidney and red blood cell. It indicates that arsenic speciation(especially DMA) is related to the health of arsenic exposure workers. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct urinary arsenic species check in arsenic exposure workers' occupational health examinations in order to illustrate the toxic effect of arsenic speciation.


In order to study the stability of roadway which consists of complicated and fractured rock under stress, this study took an investigation on residual ore mining roadway, using safety factor and numerical simulation to analysis the change of mining stress of surrounding rock and roadway safety conditions. The result shows that stress is higher on upper panel than that of downer panel after steeply inclined ore was mined, and the change of stress surrounding roadway is most significant when next phase of the ore was mined; mining stress is the cause of instability on upper roadway which can reach 7.87MPa beyond ultimate stress.


The purpose of this text is to reflect on the process of building individual identity in the culture of education. The adopted perspective is based primarily on the concepts of culture and the place of the subject in it, derived from the thought of Richard Rorty and Harold Bloom. This perspective affords a look at the process of building an individual in a mature way, devoid of naivety but also revealing the hardships and aporias accompanying this process. Education can be the primary way through which man tries to get along with the world. The condition for the fortunate effect of these struggles is building a culture that is democratic, or in Rorty's words poetic.


Researches have shown that depressive symptoms among elderly people are related to the compromising of different cognitive functions, among them memory and executive functions. This study aimed to analyze and compare standards of performance on older with depressed symptoms on different tests of episodic memory and executive functions. The study included 56 individuals, of both gender, divided in two groups: older with out depressed symptoms (n=35) and older with depressed symptoms (n=21). In test of immediate episodic memory, the group of older with out symptoms depressed demonstrated learning significantly better than the older with symptoms depressed. As for the performance on executive functions, the statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences between the groups. This finding suggests that older with depressive symptoms present impairment of episodic memory, however not on executive functions.


The outdoor exposure performance of 14 geotextiles is studied to obtain specific durability data for Hong Kong conditions. Wide‐width tensile tests were carried out to evaluate the loss of strength and increase in brittleness of the selected geotextiles. The results show some interesting trends in the degradation behavior, with rate of strength loss generally increasing with radiation intensity. Type of polymer and geotextile construction have some influence, but for short periods of exposure, the difference in behavior between geotextiles is small considering the variability of the geotextile materials. The long‐term performance of geotextiles varies. Non‐UV‐stabilized polypropylene geotextiles are the least durable. For needle‐punched geotextiles, UV‐stabilized‐polypropylene fabrics perform in a similar manner to polyester fabrics. Needle‐punched geotextiles (≥1.45mm thick) are found to be more durable than the thinner woven geotextiles, irrespective of polymer type. For polypropylene geotextiles, needl...


Newell Ford has recently sent several bombshells into the ranks of Keatsians by utterly rejecting allegorical interpretation of Endymion. His accomplice, out of the past, is Amy Lowell, but all of the real ammunition belongs to Ford. With admirable persistence and patience he has brought heavy critical guns to bear on the allegorical fortress and has finally demolished it, as he believes, in the name of truth. The time has come, surely, to make a stand against this total destruction and reconsider the question, "Is Endymion an allegory?"


Poly(lactide) (PLA), a biodegradable aliphatic polyester with excellent property profiles for different polymer applications, will play a major role in future markets for biodegradable polymers from renewable resources. PLA is a very brittle and stiff polymer with a glass transition temperature of around 58°C. The mechanical properties of PLA are comparable to those of polystyrene, with an elasticity modulus of 3500 MPa, a maximum tensile strength of 50 MPa, and an elongation at break of 4%. To introduce PLA into other applications requiring other mechanical property profiles, especially higher flexibility and higher impact resistance, it is necessary to use plasticizers. In this study the influence of several biocompatible plasticizer systems on the mechanical properties of PLA is determined. Poly(ethylene glycol), glucosemonoesters and partial fatty acid esters are introduced at 2.5, 5, and 10 wt% into polylactide. The mechanical properties, such as impact strength and the stress-strain-interrelationship of tensile tests, show changes, which are discussed.


This study proposes an emotion recognition system, an essential part in many affective computing application for natural language processing, utilizing open source platforms with combined Automatic Speech Recognition and Text analysis for a speaker personalized system. The suggested realization is accomplished by exploiting Pocketsphinx as an Automatic Speech Recognizer and linear support vector machine(Linear SVM) for multiclass Text analysis and classification. Further, training and testing of the suggested emotion recognition is carried out using standard annotated Emotion database of International Survey on Emotion Antecedents and Reactions (ISEAR). Ultimately, an aim lies in arriving at a speaker dependent system, which serve as a personalized assistant for classifying human emotions that finds novel application in Human Computer Interaction (HCI). The tests regarding the performance accuracy will be conducted using ISEAR data bases.


Previous research finds a negative relation between daily index return first-order serial correlations and conditional variances. However, this finding should not necessarily be surprising since an inherent, negative mathematical relation exists between the two measures. I use progressively longer holding-period intervals for conditional variance estimation to diminish the mathematical correspondence between variances and daily serial correlation. In the process, approximately two-thirds to three-quarters of the negative relation vanishes. Thus, most of the negative relation documented previously is likely due to mathematical relations. What is left may have minor economic importance.


The score given for short answers may vary from instructor to instructor. There are many short answer grading and essay grading systems existing that are either automated or semi-automated. Automated grading systems reduce human effort, but no popular tool still exists. In this paper, we are focusing on short-answer grading systems. We use simple and effective methods to evaluate short descriptive student answers. The similarity between each student's answer with its model answer is evaluated using word embedding algorithms. The similarity score is used to calculate the score. The accuracy of the scores obtained in the case of each algorithm is calculated and analyzed method-wise.


BACKGROUND
Anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy remains frequent and can cause surgery-related mortality. Wrapping the esophago-conduit anastomosis with a greater omental flap is a proposed method to reduce leakage. However, the usefulness of omental wrapping (OW) has not been elucidated.

METHODS
This study included 338 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent McKeown esophagectomy and reconstruction using a gastric conduit between April 2005 and August 2021. The study participants were divided into two groups: reconstructions with and without OW. We performed propensity score matching between the reconstructions with and without OW. The propensity score was calculated according to baseline characteristics, performance and physical statuses, presence of comorbidities, and types and details of the undergone treatment procedures.

RESULTS
We included 338 patients (169 with OW and 169 without OW) in this study. After matching, all clinical and surgical features were statistically equivalent between the groups. Reconstruction and anastomosis with OW was significantly associated with decreased leakage (P = 0.016) and surgical site infection (P = 0.041). It also exhibited a trend towards more frequent stricture, although this was not statistically significant (P = 0.051). Independent risk factors for leakage were reconstruction without OW (odds ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.234-5.285; P = 0.0088) and younger age (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.012-1.102; P = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONS
OW can reduce leakage in the esophagogastric anastomosis. OW can be conveniently performed and may be recommended to reinforce the anastomotic site, which can improve short-term outcomes after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.


Development in technology especially radar technology has important role in various facilities including civil, military, health, transportation and etc. One of its important components of through wall radar application is antenna. Through wall radar must has ultra wideband to get good penetration ability. This final project has designed microstrip antenna using diamond patch. The designing process of diamond patch involved using FR-4 Epoxy (ɛr = 4.3 and h = 1,6 mm). The usage of diamond patch has its benefits like easy dimension design to get a wide bandwidth. Microstrip diamond patch antenna simulation shows a result that has 2110 MHz bandwidth in a range of 890-3000 MHz while realization antenna has bandwidth of 2010 MHz in a range of 990-3000 MHz. On that frequency, simulation and realization result of some other antenna parameters has return loss value of ≤ -10 dB, VSWR ≤ 2, gain ≥ 3dBi, impedance ± 50 Ω, linier polarization and omnidirectional radiation pattern.


This research article aims to explain the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the financial performance of ITC Company. In this research the researcher used the secondary sources of the data and the findings of the previous literature to identify the impact of the value of the company as well as the stock price of the company. The analysis is based upon the data of the annual report and published data of others sources like journals and newspapers. The result of the study has an impact on raising the value of the company. CSR play an imperative role on financial performance with the standing and achievements of companies that worry about the environment to be more value for stakeholders in taking into account buying company shares so that it has an impact on rising company stock prices of ITC for last few years.


This work evaluated seed germination and vigor of Brassica pekinensis cv. granat as affected by moisture content, substrate and saline stress. The experiment was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of the Agrarian Center Science of Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, in Alegre-ES, in a completely randomized design with the treatments distributed in a 2x3x5 factorial scheme to test the influence of seed moisture content (8 and 16%), substrate (top of sand, top of paper and between paper) and four NaCl solution concentrations (-0.2; -0.4; - 0.6 e -0.8 MPa). Germination test was performed at 20-30°C. The following parameters were considered: percentage and speed of germination, seedling fresh and dry weight. Percentage and speed of germination in a top of paper sowing was higher for the 8% M.C. seed lot. Seed germination and vigor decreased as salt concentrations increased. The seeds of 16% M.C. sown at top of sand and between paper, with salt solution of -0.2 and -0.4 MPa showed increases in seedling fresh weight, while significant increase of dry weight was observed at -0.8MPa. In conclusion, salinity is deleterious to Brassica pekinensis seed performance and damages are proportional to decrease of the osmotical potential. Seeds showed to be more tolerant to water deficit durning the initial stages of plant development.


Leslie Curry has had a long and distinguished career in geography. This book is a compendium of a sizable portion of his works, presenting his theoretical discussions on the random spatial economy. All but 2 of the 23 articles were published in journals or as book chapters from 1966 to 1989. The articles are presented as photocopies of the originals; the font size and quality of the print vary throughout the book. Curious omissions are the 1962 Lund IGU article and the article that was published in Annals of the Association of American Geographers in 1964. Although both were preliminary, they were clearly seminal, and it was in the Annals article that the term random spatial economy was coined. The articles included here are formidable in terms of their scope and difficulty. Curry's focus on fundamental economic geography is intense, but he studied it eclectically, borrowing models and theories from a variety of sources across the social sciences, primarily economics, as well as biology, physics, operations research, climatology, engineering, statistics, and mathematics. The geographic point of view guides all of Curry's scholarship. Although he drew heavily from a large number of disciplines, the resulting exposition is his own: "Even in the case of demand theory I had to provide a connecting thread that few economists would recognize" (p. xii). His articles include many insightful methodological statements. Here is his statement on the role of distance and transport costs in economic geography:


565 © 2022 Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. | JDDG | 1610-0379/2022/2005 In the past five years, several systemic therapeutics have been newly approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis after decades of dermatological research reporting only negative results in clinical trials [1]. An increasingly precise understanding of the pathophysiology has finally been translated into new therapies. The therapeutic successes achieved through the specific blockade of cytokines with monoclonal antibodies as well as through the broadly effective inhibition of Janus kinases by orally available agents place immunological signaling pathways at the center of the pathophysiological targets [2–4]. However, we know of many other factors in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis such as genetics, the microbiome, environmental influences and lifestyle that cannot yet be addressed by current drugs. From today's point of view, the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis is based on a complex interaction of a disturbed skin barrier function, changes in the skin microbiome, and a type 2 inflammation of the skin with neuronal involvement [5–7]. The interactions remain challenging when individual parameters in this network are influenced therapeutically intentionally or unintentionally. In the current issue of this journal, Regina Fölster-Holst summarizes current findings on the skin microbiome and possible therapeutic approaches in atopic dermatitis in an excellent overview [8]. Thus, in acute disease episodes, reduced bacterial diversity and dominance of S. aureus can be detected on inflamed skin. Interestingly, previous studies have shown that reduced diversity of the skin microbiome precedes acute eczema episodes and that after sufficient therapy and a decrease in inflammatory activity, the original diversity is restored [9]. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether this is a cause of increased disease activity or whether it is a co-reaction in the network of various pathophysiological factors. Of particular interest are therapeutic approaches that investigate the topical use of commensal bacteria and established bacterial strains from the food supplement industry in creams or even baths. This would represent a fundamentally new approach to therapy, with possibly well-defined subpopulations being the most likely candidates for such therapies. It is remarkable that it is still difficult to select the best individual therapy based on the clinical picture, the classification of subtypes and other biomarkers. In this respect, the currently available systemic therapeutics tend to stand side by side based on their efficacy rather than in a clear ranking of firstand second-line therapy. Preferences often result rather from the profile of adverse effects and comorbidity. The type 2 inflammatory diseases that frequently coexist in atopic dermatitis play an important role in the treatment decision, and therefore the choice of medication should ideally not be based on the skin disease alone. Especially in patients with early-onset and severe atopic dermatitis, associations with other type 2 diseases such as food allergies, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and eosinophilic oesophagitis are well documented [10, 11]. However, there are also associations with non-atopic diseases; for example, an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, vitiligo, and alopecia areata has been demonstrated [12, 13]. Medications have been approved for some of these associated diseases, or their efficacy has been demonstrated in observational studies. These findings lead to the obvious conclusion that the selection of the optimal therapeutic agent for patients with associated diseases should also be made on an interdisciplinary basis. After all, these are usually long-term and costly systemic therapies with more or less extensive adverse effects. For such decisions, an expansion or new installation of practice networks and interdisciplinary case conferences in the clinics should also be considered, as has long been everyday practice in oncology, given the increasingly complex therapy landscape. In recent years, interdisciplinary "Comprehensive Allergy Centers" were founded in some university hospitals, which were established and certified on the initiative of the participating medical societies including the German Dermatological Society. The structures and experiences in such institutionalized centers can be helpful for further Everything is connected in atopic dermatitis


Molecularly imprinting polymer technology is used to prepare a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the selective recognition of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic phytochemical associated with the anticancer activities of cruciferous vegetables. Prepolymerization study via nuclear magnetic resonance technique is done to choose the best functional monomer that establishes more interaction with the template. The prepared MIP is tested before in batch experiments and subsequently used as solid-phase extraction sorbent for the selective detection of I3C from standard solutions. In order to verify the selectivity of the MIP, the binding of structurally related compounds, such as indole-3-acetonitrile, teophylline, and tryptophan, on the polymer is investigated. The experiments indicate that the MIP is highly selective for I3C with an association constant of Ka = (1.37 ± 0.07) × 103 M−1. Standard mixture solution loaded on MIP-SPE cartridge give a recovery of 95% for I3C, while the other compounds are totally eluted during washing step. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40819.


Abstract This study investigates the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of alloy 690–SUS 304L stainless steel dissimilar weldments formed by electron beam welding (EBW). Slow strain rate tensile tests (SSRTs) are performed in air and in a 0·01M Na2S2O3 + 1 wt-%NaCl corrosive environment. The microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of the weldments are analysed. Experimental results of this study reveal that the precipitation of chromium carbide is suppressed owing to the effect of rapid solidification of EBW in fusion zone (FZ). In addition, there is no chromium depletion found at the grain boundary at all. The interdendritic region of the FZ contains fine precipitates, which are a mixture of Ti rich phases with a rectangular shape and Cr rich phases with an oval shape. Fewer interdendritic phases are formed in the root than in the cap owing to the higher cooling rate in the root region of the weldment. Fracture tests indicate that all the specimens ruptured in the FZ by SSRTs preformed either in air and or in a corrosive environment. The tensile strength and total tensile elongation of the specimen deformed in the 0·01M Na2S2O3 + 1 wt-%NaCl corrosive environment are lower than those of the specimen deformed in air. Fractographic investigations revealed that the fracture mode, in good accordance with mechanical behaviour and performance, transits from a ductile dimple rupture in the specimens tested in air to a mixed rupture of dimples and corrosion formation on fractured surface which obviously assisted the cracking in the specimens tested in the corrosive environment.


Abstract : This is the final report of a project to understand the source of expert intuition in complex decision-making.


The quantized Hall conductance in graphene exhibits the half-integer quantizationGH D .nC 1 2 /.4e=h/ characteristic of massless Dirac fermions [30, 31]. The lowest plateau at 2e=h extends to zero carrier density because there is no gap between conduction and valence bands, and it has only a twofold spin degeneracy because it lacks the valley degeneracy of the higher plateaus. The valley degeneracy of the lowest Landau level is removed at the edge of the carbon monolayer, where the current-carrying states at the Fermi level are located. Depending on the crystallographic orientation of the edge, the edge states may lie fully within a single valley, or they may be a linear combination of states from both valleys [32, 33]. The type of valley polarization remains hidden in the Hall conductance, which is insensitive to edge properties. Here we propose a method to detect the valley polarization of quantum Hall edge states, using a superconducting contact as a probe. In the past, experimental [34–37] and theoretical [38–42] studies of the quantum Hall effect with superconducting contacts have been carried out in the context of semiconductor two-dimensional electron gases. The valley degree of freedom has not appeared in that context. In graphene, the existence of two valleys related by time-reversal symmetry plays a key role in the process of Andreev reflection at the normal-superconducting (NS) interface [43]. A nonzero subgap current through the NS interface requires the conversion of an electron approaching in one valley into a hole leaving in the other valley. This is suppressed if the edge states at the Fermi level lie exclusively in a single valley, creating a sensitivity of the conductance of the NS interface to the valley polarization. Allowing for a general type of valley polarization, we calculate that the two-terminal conductanceGNS (measured between the superconductor and a normal-metal contact) is given by


This paper calculated the proton and neutron spin structure function g_1 and the asymmetry A_1 with modified DGLAP equations which considered twist-4 effects.With the HERMES experiment data,we discussed twist-4 effect in polarized structure functions.


Researches of queueing system with negative customers can be carried out from different points of view and by different methods.In this paper,we extend the queueing theory on negative arrivals and disasters to the discrete-time queueing system,and study a discrete-time Geo/Geo/1 queue with disasters.We derive the generating functions of queueing length and waiting queueing length by use of " state transfer analyses",and using numerical results,we shaw the influence of the parameters on several performance characteristics.


Chapter 9 explains that Carmen proved an ideal vehicle for the new technologies of the twentieth century, embraced by the new recording artists whose prestige was borrowed from the operatic world. The young American opera star Geraldine Farrar, building on the legacies of Emma Calvé and Maria Gay, enjoyed an unprecedented and unmistakably modern celebrity as Carmen, born of her ability to exploit the confluence of operatic performance, recordings, and the silent film industry. In this context, the Metropolitan Opera's attempt to stage a genuine Spanish opera in the guise of Enrique Granados's Goyescas was undermined by comparison with the vibrant New York traditions of Carmen in the winter of 1915–16, when the fashion for all things Spanish was so intense that Carl Van Vechten dubbed it "the Spanish blaze."


The DoD is developing and fielding a variety of advanced point and standoff chemical and biological detection systems. For some of these systems, the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) of employment are in the development stages. In this paper, we describe the use of a distributed simulation infrastructure to develop TTP for the helicopter-mounted Long-Range Biological Standoff Detection System (LR-BSDS). In particular, we discuss the use of four separate DIS simulations (UH-60 manned simulator at Ft. Rucker; Nuclear, Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (NCBR) Environment Simulator; ModSAF; and LR-BSDS Distributed Trainer) to combine aviation and detection crews in TTP development. The primary goal of the effort is to develop LR-BSDS employment TTP that maximize hazard detectability while minimizing risk to the helicopter and detection crews. The residual capability also provides a distributed LR-BSDS training suite. We used the Environmental Process protocol data unit (PDU) to describe the biological hazard environment provided by the NCBR Environment Simulator. We also developed a class to query, manage, and dead reckon the hazard–PuffTable. The combination of the hazard environment via the EP PDU and the laser position via the Electronic Emissions PDU provides the data required for the analysis of the system. 1. Bio-Sim Background The number of countries pursuing an offensive biological warfare program continues to increase. The priority of the Army's biological defense program is to limit the effects of large-area biological warfare attacks. Following Operation Desert Storm, the Department of Defense (DoD) identified many issues and shortfalls in supporting operations in a nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) warfare environment. In its 1992 report, Conduct of the Gulf War: Final Report to Congress, the DoD identified the following requirements related to chemical and biological (CB) defense capabilities: • Greater emphasis of biological warfare (BW) defenses in DoD programs. Inadequacies exist in detectors, vaccines, and protective equipment. • To ensure effective contamination avoidance on future battlefields, additional NBC reconnaissance vehicles and early warning of CB contamination. Contamination avoidance consists of capabilities and procedures to detect, identify, and warn forces of BW threats so that commanders may determine the appropriate protective posture to assume and provide the necessary information to avoid casualties due to contamination effects. The Army has developed and fielded the Long-Range Biological Standoff Detection System (LR-BSDS) to support the contamination avoidance capability. The LR-BSDS non-developmental item (NDI) has the capability to detect aerosol clouds at distances of up to 30 km from an altitude of 1000 to 5000 feet above ground level (AGL), and it displays this information to the operator in real time. The LR-BSDS is mounted in a UH-60 Blackhawk helicopter. Future Army operational missions will likely be smallto medium-size engagements against adversaries using unconventional methods, including chemical and biological weapons. This change in threat has resulted in a need to develop new tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) for the effective use of the LR-BSDS. The DoD is conducting the Bio-Sim study to help the Army's Aviation and Chemical Schools identify possible TTPs and exercise them in a simulated operational environment in an attempt to optimize TTPs with the new threat situation. The Bio-Sim study is conducted by a multi-organizational team led by the Army's Program Director for Biological Defense. Key collaborators include personnel from the US Army Aviation School, Ft. Rucker, AL, the US Army Chemical School, Ft. McClellan, AL, the US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, the US Army Edgewood Research and Development Engineering Center, and simulation development contractors ITT Systems, Alexandria, VA, and Optimetrics, Inc., Bel Air, MD. The Institute for Defense Analysis (IDA), Alexandria, VA, is serving as the BioSim study director. 1.1 Goals and Objectives The primary goal of the Bio-Sim study is to assist the Army in refining TTP for employment of the LR-BSDS. A secondary goal is to exploit existing distributed interactive simulation (DIS) tools and thereby support the DoD's simulation-based acquisition (SBA) initiative of the acquisition reform process. The primary objective of the study is to determine LRBSDS employment methods that "maximize" mission accomplishment (i.e., hazard detection) and platform survivability in a range of tactical and environmental settings. Two secondary objectives are to: 1) identify potential limitations to the effective use of the LR-BSDS, and 2) demonstrate the use of DIS-compliant tools for LR-BSDS training. The Army has conducted numerous live tests and training exercises to determine the performance of the LR-BSDS. However, due to prohibitions on the release of live agents and cost, the DoD selected simulation technology—specifically DIS—to conduct this study. This substantially reduced costs and risk to participants and allowed for a more controlled environment and a broadened test parameter space. Due to the nature of the LR-BSDS, a human operator is required to determine if the system detects a cloud. 1.2 Existing Simulations Bio-Sim study participants reviewed existing DIScompliant simulations to determine if simulations meeting the requirements of the study were available. After surveying the community, Bio-Sim participants selected the NCBR Environment Simulator to represent the hazard environments, the manned helicopter UH-60 simulation at the Army's Aviation Testbed (AVTB), Ft. Rucker, AL, and ModSAF to provide the air defense threat (and a constructive, non-man-in-the-loop helicopter). A DIScompliant representation of the the LR-BSDS system did not exist. However, ITT personnel modified the existing stand-alone LR-BSDS trainer with a DIS interface. BioSim also sponsored the modification of MaK Technologies' Stealth visualization tool so that biological hazards could be displayed in false colors for study control and after-action review purposes. Bio-Sim is using Simulyzer as the data analysis and data logging tool. 2. Architecture of Study The Bio-Sim study employed six distributed simulation tools to create and analyze the required virtual environment (see Figure 2.1). These are the Nuclear, Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Simulator (NCBR), ModSAF, LR-BSDS Distributed Trainer (BDT), the manned helicopter simulator at Ft. Rucker's Aviation Testbed, MaK Stealth, and Simulyzer. The Bio-Sim team is using the latter two tools for study control and afteraction review. Bio-Sim is a three-phase study. Phase One consisted of simulation development and testing. Phase Two (June 1998) used a helicopter flown by ModSAF, and Phase Three (August 1998) will use the manned helicopter simulator at the AVTB and include uniformed Army personnel from the Aviation and Chemical communities. Bio-Sim leaders designed Phase Two to verify procedures, scenarios, and data collection techniques for Phase Three. Bio-Sim's Phase Three testing will provide the capability to evaluate the man-in-the-loop interactions between the aviation and detection crews that compose the LR-BSDS operation team. The interaction of these crews is critical to successful LR-BSDS mission completion. Figure 2-1. The architecture of Bio-Sim leverages several existing community-standard, DIS-compliant systems. 2.1 NCBR Environment Simulator The NCBR Environment Simulator provides simulated prompt and persistent nuclear weapon environments and chemical, biological, and radiological environments using DIS protocols. A CBR Consortium led by the Army's Chemical and Biological Defense Command has supported the development of the NCBR. The NCBR provides real-time transport and dispersion of chemical, biological, and radiological agents over complex (3dimensional) terrain with 3D, time-varying meteorological inputs, provides prompt nuclear environments, and tracks ground vehicle, rotary fixedwing aircraft, and naval surface vessel entity hazard exposure and contamination status. The NCBR informs entities of their exposure and contamination status on a periodic update. The NCBR can accommodate multiple simultaneous agent events. The NCBR provides 3D biological clouds to the distributed simulation network. The NCBR uses the DIS Environmental Process PDU to send the data. The clouds are modeled as Guassian puffs. The NCBR periodically updates the state of the cloud. The Environmental Process PDU contains enough information to allow the receiver to dead reckon the cloud between updates. For agent transport and dispersion in the Bio-Sim study, the NCBR Simulator uses the Vapor, Liquid, and Solid Tracking (VLSTRACK) computer model developed by the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Dahlgren, VA. VLSTRACK predicts contamination areas for a wide range of chemical, biological, and radiological agents. To calculate entity exposures to nuclear detonation events, the NCBR Simulator utilizes the DSWA Atmospheric Transport of Radiation (ATRv6). The NCBR Simulator will incorporate DSWA's NEWFALL for calculating the radiation fallout due to a nuclear detonation. DSWA's XBLAST model will be used to calculate the peak overpressure and dynamic pressure (wind) associated with air blast and the thermal flux from a prompt nuclear burst. Three-dimensional wind fields are provided to VLSTRACK from the Wind Over Critical Streamlined Surfaces (WOCSS) mass-consistent flow model. NCBR Simulator Versions 3.4 and greater also include DSWA's Second-order Closure Integrated Puff (SCIPUFF) transport and dispersion model with the SWIFT meteorological model. The NCBR allows the user to select the hazard dispersion engine and associated meteorological model for the exercise or application. 2.2 BDT The LR-BSDS Distributed Trainer (BDT) is a realistic simulation and


Quality assurance and accreditation in higher education is defined as systematic management and assessment of procedures adopted by higher education institution or system to monitor performance and to ensure achievement of quality improvement. Quality assurance aims to give stakeholders confidence about the management of quality and the outcome achieved. The provision for education is mainly the responsibility of the government, which is interested in educational quality assessment because (i) the govt. has constitutional obligation to assure quality of education (ii) accountability in use of public resources is to be assured and (iii) provision of quality education for all the eligible aspirants is a political decision, which enjoys a strong social support. It is imperative therefore to identify the characteristics of quality, evolve strategies for fostering it, identify the factors affecting it, examine the relationship between quality and resources, and explore the measures of monitoring changes over time. To do this, a common framework is needed for gathering qualitative and quantitative data and for analyzing them, to assess quality and to assure the stakeholders of their quality. As the responsibility of maintenance of standards of higher education is vested with UGC, the UGC has established NAAC for assessment and accreditation of universities and colleges. A three stage procedure is followed, which involves (i) preparation of the self-study report by the institutions based on the defined parameters (ii) validation of the self-study report by a team of peers through on-sight visit and interaction with the functionaries of the institutions and (iii) the final decision on assessment and accreditation by the NAAC. The outcome of accreditation exercises undertaken by the agencies like NAAC and NBA have significant impact on improvement of quality of higher education, the strengths and shortcomings of the institutions are detected for initiating appropriate action. The stakeholders- the government, students and employers- duly benefit from information and analysis of institutional performance. In the globalised environment, the emergence of trans-national institutions and use of electronic media for delivery of programmes through distance mode, pose a greater challenge to quality assurance agencies for (i) clarifying issues pertaining to the procedures for quality assurance (ii) evolving acceptable criteria for assessment of learning attainments. A joint effort between the institutions and the accreditation bodies would be needed to ensure good coordination and communication, so that they can adhere to an ethical code of good practice and be objective, fair and rigorous in the task of accomplishing quality assessment and accreditation.


For a wave equation with pure delay, we study an inhomogeneous initial-boundary value problem in a bounded 1D domain. Under smoothness assumptions, we prove unique existence of classical solutions for any given finite time horizon and give their explicit representation. Continuous dependence on the data in a weak extrapolated norm is also shown.


With regard to their query on algorithm for management of cases of acute endophthalmitis, the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study guidelines were followed and all patients were allocated to a particular intravitreal antibiotic drug regimen.[3] All cases were first given an intravitreal antibiotic injection, and the response was assessed within 48 h. In cases of worsening or lack of improvement, vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotic injection of the same regimen was performed. We agree with the authors that early vitrectomy has been described in literature for achieving better outcomes. However, our study aimed to assess the effectivity of intravitreal antibiotic injection. We had a high vitrectomy rate, possibly due to the late presentation as most cases were referred to our tertiary center and there would have been a delay in reaching our services. In future, we also plan to study performing direct vitrectomy with intravitreal injection in such cases, rather than intravitreal injection followed by vitrectomy. Additionally, sometimes, immediate vitrectomy may not be possible due to logistic constraints.


Highlight: Botanical composition of cattle diets on fertilized and unfertilized blue grama rangeland was evaluated during drought by microhistological examination. Seventy-two percent of all species available were found in the diets. Grass comprised 62% of the yearly diets on the fertilized pasture compared with 73% on the unfertilized pasture. Annual forbs made up 18% of the diets on the fertilized pasture and 8% on the unfertilized pasture. There were no differences in perennial forb composition of the diets among the two pastures. Total grass consumption did not vary among seasons, but composition of individual species did. Blue grama provided the bulk of grass in summer and fall diets with mat muhly furnishing the majority of grass in diets during winter and spring. Perennial forbs were important in winter and spring diets. Annual forbs were major components of diets during summer and fall. Cattle consistently exhibited a greater preference for fertilized blue grama than for unfertilized blue grama. Preference trends for other plants were inconsistent and were influenced mostly by availability.


Over the course of many years, Dr.Gelston has published an extensive series of articles on textual and theological problems in Isaiah 40-55. Some have been on matters of major importance, others on relatively minor issues. This chapter falls firmly in the latter category, but it is offered on the understanding which Gelston has himself exemplified so well that sometimes scholarship advances by the accumulation of details. In the Hebrew Bible generally, but in Deutero-Isaiah especially, humanity is characterised by weakness and transitoriness. The book of Isaiah as a whole, and chapters 40-55 in particular, makes frequent use of the word-pair heaven and earth. In Deutero-Isaiah, its focus is to emphasise God's power as creator, which on the one hand draws attention to the insignificance of humanity while on the other it stresses that there is a sure ground for confidence by Israel in God's ability to reverse their fortunes. Keywords: Deutero-Isaiah; Dr.Gelston; God; heaven; Hebrew Bible; humanity


Simple Summary Biomarkers for predicting the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) includes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC), microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutation burden (TMB). This study investigated the relationship of these biomarkers using comprehensive cancer panel assay (CCPA) with >500 genes in 588 advanced cancer patients. The work demonstrates that PD-L1 expression is significantly associated with TMB and MSI score, according to primary tumor origin. Abstract Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC), microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutation burden (TMB) have been proposed as a predictive biomarker to predict response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We aimed to find the relationship of PD-L1 IHC to TMB and MSI using a comprehensive cancer panel assay (CCPA) with >500 genes in advanced cancer patients. CCPA results from 588 archived tissue samples were analyzed for TMB and MSI. In seven samples, whole exome sequencing confirmed TMB with Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.972 and all MSI-high cases were validated by pentaplex PCR. Association of TMB and MSI with their corresponding PD-L1 IHC was analyzed. The median TMB value of 588 cases was 8.25 mutations (mut)/Mb (range 0–426.8) with different distributions among the tumor types, with high proportions of high-TMB (>10mut/Mb) in tumors from melanoma, colorectal, gastric, and biliary tract. The TMB values significantly correlated with PD-L1 expression, and this correlation was prominent in gastric and biliary tract cancers. Moreover, the MSI score, the proportion of unstable MSI sites to total assessed MSI sites, showed a significant correlation with the TMB values and PD-L1 scores. This study demonstrates that PD-L1 expression is significantly associated with TMB and MSI score and this correlation depends on the location of the primary tumor.


Sarcopenia is associated with mortality in cirrhosis, but there is no gold standard for its diagnosis. The comparative utility of different diagnostic methods is unknown. This single‐center observational cohort study followed 145 men referred for liver transplant evaluation between 2005 and 2012. Muscle mass was estimated by handgrip strength, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) lean mass, and single‐slice computed tomography (CT) scan at the fourth lumbar vertebra. Recorded outcomes included time to death or liver transplantation. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 54 years (47‐59 years), and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was 17 (14‐23). Of 145 men, 56 died with a median (IQR) time to death of 7.44 months (3.48‐14.16 months). In total, 79 men underwent transplantation with median (IQR) time to transplant of 7.20 months (3.96‐12.84 months). The prevalence of sarcopenia differed between diagnostic modalities with 70.3% using CT muscle mass, 45.9% using handgrip strength, and 38.7% using DEXA. Muscle mass was inversely associated with wait‐list mortality for measured CT muscle mass (hazard ratio [HR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.90‐0.98; P = 0.002), DEXA muscle mass (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99‐0.99; P = 0.003), and handgrip strength (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91‐0.98; P = 0.002). These results retained significance independent of the MELD score. In predicting mortality, the MELD–handgrip strength bivariate Cox model was superior to a MELD‐CT muscle Cox model (P < 0.001). In conclusion, handgrip strength combined with MELD score was the superior predictive model in this novel study examining 3 commonly employed techniques to diagnose sarcopenia in cirrhosis. Handgrip strength has additional potential clinical benefits because it can be performed serially without the radiation dose, cost, and access issues attributable to CT and DEXA.


Default judgments are an integral part of civil practice. Attractive because they provide parties with the spoils of successful litigation without the hassle of actually litigating controversies, default judgments are a desired commodity. (1) CPLR 3215 establishes the procedure that a plaintiff (2) must follow to procure a default judgment; one component of the plaintiffs application for a default judgment is "proof ... of the facts constituting the claim." (3) What if the plaintiff seeking the default judgment fails to submit proof of the facts of its claim, but a default judgment is nonetheless rendered against the defaulting defendant? Is that judgment void and therefore a nullity, allowing the defendant to have it vacated at any time simply on request? Or, can the plaintiffs failure to submit proof of the facts of its claim be overlooked? Whether a plaintiffs failure to submit sufficient proof of its claim on its application for a default judgment renders the judgment a nullity has important consequences in practice, yet this issue is unsettled: A split exists among the departments of the appellate division as to whether a default judgment entered in the absence of proof of the claim is a nullity, and the Court of Appeals has yet squarely to resolve the point. This article reviews the default judgment statute; examines the requirement that a plaintiff submit proof of the facts of its claim; and surveys the case law regarding the consequences of a plaintiffs failure to submit sufficient proof of its claim. I. CPLR 3215--THE DEFAULT JUDGMENT STATUTE CPLR 3215 permits a plaintiff to seek a default judgment against a defaulting defendant, (4) but requires the plaintiff to do so within one year of the default. (5) Where "the plaintiffs claim is for a sum certain or for a sum which can by computation be made certain," the plaintiffs application for a default judgment may be made to the clerk of the court. (6) Only a narrow class of claims may be submitted to the clerk. In this regard, the statute contemplates "a situation in which ... there can be no dispute as to the amount due, as in actions on money judgments and negotiable instruments." (7) Thus, causes of action seeking unliquidated damages--such as torts (8)--or equitable relief (9) do not fall within that reserved class. If the complaint (or summons with notice) asserts any claim other than one for a "sum certain," the plaintiffs application for a default judgment must be made to the court. (10) The plaintiff must, regardless of the type of claim involved, submit the following on its application for a default judgment: (1) proof of service of the initiatory papers on the defendant; (2) "proof of the facts constituting the claim" and, if damages are sought, the amount due; and (3) proof of the default. (11) As to items one and three, the process server's affidavit demonstrates proof of service of the summons and complaint or summons with notice, (12) and the proof of the default should be supplied by the plaintiffs attorney because the attorney, rather than the client, generally has firsthand knowledge of the default. (13) As to item two, proof of the claim must be supplied by someone with personal knowledge of the facts underlying the claim. (14) The individual providing the firsthand factual account of the claim should submit an affidavit (or, where appropriate, an affirmation) (15) that, along with any other evidence submitted in support of the application for the default judgment, demonstrates "enough facts to enable a court to determine that a viable cause of action exists." (16) Stated differently, the plaintiff must provide firsthand confirmation of facts establishing each element of the claim and make a prima facie showing that the defaulting defendant is liable. (17) In gauging the sufficiency of the plaintiffs proof on an application for a default judgment, the court must keep in mind that (1) where the defendant defaulted in appearing or answering the action, the plaintiff has not had the benefit of discovery, and (2) "defaulters are deemed to have admitted all factual allegations contained in the complaint and all reasonable inferences that flow from them. …


AbstractContractual mechanisms devised for construction claims and disputes administration and tracking nowadays involve multiple gated stages. The progression of claims through such multiple gates...


"There was a time when the lines separating Pop, Jazz, Rock, Folk, Country, Latin, and Rhythm and Blues were clearly defined," wrote Henry Mancini in 1962, four years after composing the score for ...


This article examines popular culture's depictions of Artificial Intelligence. It begins with Hollywood's sci-fi robot characters that were often depicted as dangerous and inimical to human existence. It identifies major Hollywood movies that depict artificial intelligence, starting with Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), James Cameron's The Terminator (1984), Steven Spielberg's Minority Report (2002), Garth Jennings' The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005), Spike Jonze's Her (2014), Alex Garland's Ex Machina (2014), and Toby Hanes' Brexit (2019). These films illustrate artificial intelligence issues, including self-aware computers, facial recognition, crime prevention, and personal assistants. These technologies are depicted both positively and negatively in popular culture, and their depictions in these films reveals popular culture's pervasive stereotypes and occasional timely warnings about emerging technology.


Abstract : A bearing assembly including a load-carrying shaft, an electrically non-conductive sleeve fitted over the shaft, and a surrogate shaft surface made from a corrosion resistant metal surrounding the non-conductive sleeve. The bearing assembly electrically isolates the load-carrying shaft from an underwater structure. This isolation prevents carbonates from building up in the void space between the metallic surrogate shaft surface and a bearing. A rotor or slider subassembly may be included in the bearing assembly. A bearing may be affixed as part of the rotor or slider assembly located between the slider and the surrogate shaft surface.


It is shown that gradient‐driven electron‐acoustic waves are subtly related to the newly discovered magnetic electron modes. The two types of waves, which are physically quite different, have similar instability conditions, and can be strongly coupled.


The physical volumes are available as part of the Roald Hoffmann papers, collection #14-8-3360, in the Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections.


This research purpose is to empirically test the village apparatus competencies, society participations, the village government organizational commitment, and financial reporting compliance towards financial management accountability at Amahai District, Central Maluku Regency. The population of this research is all village financial managements at Amahai District, Central Maluku Regency, which consist of 14 villages. The samples are the Chief, Secretary, Treasurer, and the Head of Public Welfare of the villages. The sampling technique used the purposive sampling method and the analysis modeling used Classical Assumption Test, Validation Tests, Reliability Test, Descriptive Statistic, and hypothesis by using multiple linear regression analysis. In conclusion, the analysis result explains that the variable of village apparatus competencies influenced the villages financial management accountability, and the financial reporting compliance effects positively and significantly towards the villages financial management accountability at Amahai District, Central Maluku Regency.


Mass media has significant role in dispersing women issues. Especially in conducive political opportunity structure, feminist ideology shared by woman activists grows rapidly. International women discourses informed by mass media influence, adopted, and motivate what women activists will do. And finally mass media play important role in the struggle for gender equality. Mass media inform and campaign for news and informations so that the readers or audiences give greater attention and awareness in women's rights. In the Indonesia context, many women from Non Govermental Organizations influenced by international issues and international phenomena in their struggle for women empowerment. They learn almost all the international issues and phenomena from mass media, especially newspaper and internet. For the example, the vagina monolog performance in Madisson square motivated the Indonesian women activist to performed the same thing in Indonesia. On the other hand, Indonesian women activists always share their feminist ideologi or campaign for women empowerment in newspapers, magazines and internet. Many Indonesian people realize that the encouregement for women, gender equality and women empowerment are the important things to do. And all what Indonesian women activists have done become a reality that mass media has very important role in campaingn for women issues and gender equality. Key words : political opportunity structure, mass media role, feminism.


Service is an economic activity that creates value and provides benefits for customers. Service quality is the concept providing services to customers with value and benefits with Zero errors. The airline industry witnessed evolutionary growth in past few decades. The airline service providers are supposed to provide better service to the passengers in all regards then only they can withstand in the market. The concept of service quality is unique which has to be associated with services marketing mix, then only there may be possibility of better service quality offerings. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the role of service quality in Airline marketing.


In this work, we search for signatures of gravitational millilensing in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in which the source−lens−observer geometry produces two images that manifest in the GRB light curve as superimposed peaks with identical temporal variability (or echoes), separated by the time delay between the two images. According to the sensitivity of our detection method, we consider millilensing events due to point-mass lenses in the range of 105 − 107 M ⊙ at lens redshift about half that of the GRB, with a time delay on the order of 10 s. Current GRB observatories are capable of resolving and constraining this lensing scenario if the above conditions are met. We investigated the Fermi/GBM GRB archive from the year 2008 to 2020 using the autocorrelation technique and found one millilensed GRB candidate out of 2137 GRBs searched, which we use to estimate the optical depth of millilensed GRBs by performing a Monte Carlo simulation to find the efficiency of our detection method. Considering a point-mass model for the gravitational lens, where the lens is a supermassive black hole, we show that the density parameter of black holes (ΩBH) with mass ≈ 106 M ⊙ is about 0.007 ± 0.004. Our result is one order of magnitude larger compared to previous work in the lower mass range of 102 − 103 M ⊙, which gave a density parameter ΩBH ≈ 5 × 10−4, and recent work in the mass range of 102 − 107 M ⊙, which reported ΩBH ≈ 4.6 × 10−4. The mass fraction of black holes in this mass range to the total mass of the universe would be f = ΩBH/Ω M ≈ 0.027 ± 0.016.


The WFC3 thermal-vacuum testing performed in the Fall of 2004 has revealed anomalies concerning the two grisms installed in the IR channel of the instrument. First, the grisms do not produce in-focus images, the cause of which has been traced to a 90 degree rotation error in the way the grisms were mounted in the filter wheel. Second, both grisms show a residual tilt of their dispersion axes relative to the detector axes of ~8.3 degrees, which is far larger than what would be expected from random uncertainties in their mounting.


Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Prognosis is particularly poor for relapsed/recurrent (R/R) patients with no established treatment modality. Methotrexate/BCNU/Teniposide/Prednisone with or without rituximab has efficacy in newly diagnosed PCNSL. Here, we report efficacy and toxicity of RMBVP for the treatment of R/R PCNSL.

 This retrospective study at MSKCC included PCNSLs treated with MBVP for R/R disease between 5/2009 and 5/2019. Methotrexate (3.5 g/m2; day 1 and 15), etoposide (100 mg/m2; day 2), BCNU (100 mg/m2; day 3), prednisone (60 mg/m2/day; day 1–5) and rituximab (500 mg/m2; day 0 and 14) were given in 28-day cycles. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support was given for 5 days in between doses of chemotherapy.

 Thirty patients received MBVP; 27 (90%) received RMBVP with a median of 2 cycles given (0.5–5). Median age was 66 years (23–81); median KPS was 70 (30–90); 14 (46.7%) were women. Median prior lines of therapy were 2 (1–5); all received prior methotrexate. Median time from last treatment was 1 month (0–88.3; 21 (70%) < 12 months). Of twenty-nine evaluable patients for response, 23 (76.7%) had a response (9 complete response (CR) (30%), 5 CR-unconfirmed (16.7%), 8 partial response (26.7%), 1 stable disease (3%)). At a median follow up of 14.2 months, median progression free survival (PFS) was 15.6 months and median overall survival was not reached. Median PFS was poorer for patients with < 12 months since last chemotherapy, 10.1 vs 60.6 months. Rates of serious (grade 3 or 4) neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia and transaminitis were 20%, 20%, 16.7%, and 16.7%, respectively. One patient experienced grade 3 nephrotoxicity. No treatment related mortalities occurred.

 RMBVP is a tolerable treatment option for R/R PCNSL, particularly in those with recurrent disease.


Objective The present study aimed to summarize the experience of 26 cases of neonatal bilateral cleft lip surgery under local anesthesia and to discuss the feasibility,safety and advantages of early bilateral cleft lip repairs.Methods All cases were treated with sedation and intraoperative local anesthesia.The improved surgical techniques were used in these cases with observation of their vital signs.Results 26 cases of newborns were operated successfully,and were recovered with well-healed cut.The lip shape after repair met the requirements of design and got the Parents,satisfaction.Conclusions With adequate preparations and sedatives before surgery,the doctors with considerable clinical experience are fully capable of successful completion of the early bilateral cleft lip repairs.Early repairs of newborns with cleft lip are helpful in their development,and adapt to situation in China.


Forty of the fifty states at one time or another prohibited Negroes from marrying whites. Today seventeen states prohibit various forms of interracial marriage. They are the eleven Southern states of the Confederacy and six border states.1 The repeals in the Northern states occurred principally either immediately before or after the Civil War. Pennsylvania repealed its prohibition in 1780, while Indiana and Wyoming retained their miscegenation statutes until 1965. The Western states, with their proportionately higher population of Orientals, repealed their statutes in the post World War II period, during which a new attitude was developed towards Japanese and Nisei.2


Abstract Objective: Psoriasis has been considered as chronic systemic disease. Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) might play a role in psoriasis and its comorbidities. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between serum RBP-4 levels and disease severity, indicators of inflammation or metabolic syndrome and changes after topical treatment in psoriatic patients. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with relapse of plaque-type psoriasis and 16 healthy volunteers were examined. Blood samples were collected before and after 14 days of therapy. Serum RBP-4 concentrations were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for correlation with psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), body mass index (BMI), inflammatory and biochemical markers and with efficacy of topical treatment. Results: RBP-4 serum levels were increased in psoriatics compared to the controls, but without statistical significance (p = 0.2). No significant correlations between investigated adipokine and several indicators of metabolic disorders, nor BMI or PASI were found. A significant negative correlation with CRP was noted. After topical treatment serum RBP-4 level did not significantly change (p = 0.3), despite clinical improvement. Conclusion: RBP-4 might have a protective role in terms of chronic inflammation and comorbidities of psoriasis. The adipokine is presumably not useful in determining severity and the effectiveness of antipsoriatic treatment.


AUDIENCE CENTERED ON THE METHOD OF PRESENTATION AS THE ACTUALIZATION OF STUDENT LEARNING CENTERED APPROACH. The writing of this article was based on the changing of the paradigm from Teacher Centered


Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are collection of wireless mobile computers (or nodes) having no pre-existing infrastructure or centralized management and which are connected by wireless links automatically. They are one of the most commonly used network services these days. They play a great role in tactical situations such as disaster relief or battlefields, making it an important area for research. But, unfortunately, the many factors that make MANETs successful (fluidity, the ability of a substance, and process of redistributing or dispersing functions) pose tremendous challenges for those tasked with securing those environments. Various types of attacks are possible on MANETs. Sleep deprivation attack is one of them. Securing mobile ad-hoc network is essential for network communications. Success of mobile networks (MANET) strongly depends on people's confidence in its security. Sleep deprivation attack is a kind of DoS attack which can be set in motion by flooding the targeted node with not needed routing packets. In this paper, we have to show the presence of the sleep deprivation attack and their effect in one of the most prominent AODV (ad-hoc on an insistent and peremptory request distance vector) routing protocol. The proposed method works for comparing the effect of with and without sleep deprivation attack in AODV for parameter throughput. Keywords: Mobile ad hoc network, AODV protocol, sleep deprivation attack Cite this Article Navneet Sandhu, Meenu Talwar. A Comparative Analysis of Sleep Deprivation Attack in AODV. Journal of Network Security . 2015; 3(3): 33–38p.


We present results on the measurements of characteristics of events with jets including jet-charge, investigations of shapes and jet mass distributions. The measurements are compared to theoretical predictions including those matched to parton shower and hadronization. Multi-differential jet cross sections are also presented over a wide range in transverse momenta from inclusive jets to multi-jet final states. These measurements have an impact on the determination of the strong coupling constant as well as on parton distribution functions (PDFs) and are helpful in the treatment of heavy flavours in QCD analyses. We also show angular correlations in multi-jet events at highest center-of-mass energies and compare the measurements to theoretical predictions including higher order parton radiation and coherence effects. Measurements of cross sections of jet and top-quark pair production are in particular sensitive to the gluon distribution in the proton, while the electroweak boson production - inclusive or associated with charm or beauty quarks - gives insight into the flavour separation of the proton sea and to the treatment of heavy quarks in PDF-related studies.


In real-time systems the temporal performance of the implementation is a key issue. Since this temporal performance depends not only on the functions and structure of the application software, but also on the services of the operating system, and the architecture and performance of the hardware, we argue that a node, i.e., a complete hardware software unit, is a proper unit of abstraction when building large distributed fault-tolerant real time systems.


With half of all spoken languages worldwide in danger of becoming extinct at the end of the century, language preservation is an important challenge that could benefit from machine assistance due to its complexity and current dependency on manual linguistic work. For tonal languages, defining and classifying different tones is a central part of this process, and considering the high number of tonal languages worldwide, a tone recognition system could play an important role in supporting linguists, as well as assisting the development of speech recognition technology. However, previous work on tone recognition was largely developed for the languagespecific context of the speech recognition task. This thesis investigates different approaches to the tone recognition task, with the aim of working towards the long-term goal of developing a universally applicable tone classifier. Using diverse Cantonese speech data, a variety of classifiers are applied to the framewise tone recognition task, indicating that recurrent neural networks, specifically long short-term memory models, are best suited to the challenge. Experiments with numerous network parameters and features lead to a frame error rate of 63.47% for the best-performing system, which is well above chance performance considering classification is conducted across 7 classes. Additionally, the syllable-wise recognition of tone is performed for several neural networks and k-nearest neighbors classifiers, leading to a syllable-error rate of 64.82% for the best-ranking k-nearest neighbor model.