PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: to determine the factors contributing to farm income in the Transitional and Savanna zones of Ghana and to ascertain variations between in the same and across the two locations; and to determine the impact of credit on farm income in each of the two zones and to ascertain the variation in impact of credit across the two locations.Design/methodology/approachIn order to address endogeneity and sample selection bias, the authors draw from the theory of impact evaluation in nonrandom experiment, employing the endogenous switching regression (ESR) while using the propensity score matching (PSM) to check for robustness of the results.FindingsThe results show significant mean differences between some characteristics of households that have access to credit and those that did not have access. Further, the results revealed farm size, labor; gender, age, literacy, wealth and group membership as the significant determinants of both credit access and income in the two zones. With the ESR, credit access increases households farm income by GH¢206.56/ha and GH¢39.74/ha in the Transitional and Savanna zones, respectively, but with the PSM, credit increases farm income by GH¢201.50 and GH¢45.69 and in the Transitional and Savanna, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThe mean differences in characteristics of the households revealed the presence of selection bias in the distribution of household's covariates in the two zones. The results further indicate the importance of productive resources, information and household characteristics in improved access to credit and farm income. Also, the results from both methods indicate that credit access leads to significant gains in farm income for households in both zones. However, differences exist in the results of PSM and that of the ESR results.Practical implicationsThe presence of selection bias in the samples suggests that the use of ESR and PSM techniques is appropriate. Further, the results suggesting that enhanced credit access and farm income could be attained through improved access to household resources and information. The results also suggest the need for establishing and expanding credit programs to cover more households in both zones. The differential impact of credit between the two methods employed in each zone revealed the weakness of each model. The low values from PSM could indicate the presence of selection bias resulting from unobservable factors whiles the high values from the ESR could stem from the restrictive assumption of the model. This reinforces the importance of combining mixed methods to check robustness of results and to explore the weakness of each method employed.Originality/valueThe novelty of this study lies in the use of a very extensive and unique data set to decompose the determinants of credit access and farm income and as well as the impacts of credit into zones.


Eyland situates Shatford's studies of the Doric order to postmodern architecture while the artist offers a history of the Parthenon. Biographical notes. 7 bibl. ref.


The utility model discloses a polyhedral LED lamp. The polyhedral LED lamp is characterized in that the polyhedral LED lamp comprises a polyhedron, each side of which is provided with an LED chip. Thepolyhedral LED lamp at least has the following characteristics: the polyhedral LED lamp has a plurality of sides which can emit light at the same time, the light-emitting angle can reach more than 270 degrees, heat is low, the attenuation of light intensity is reduced, and the service life is longer. The structure of the lamp is simple, the lamp can be easily repaired, and moreover, the luminousflux per watt can reach 110 lumens.


ABSTRACT The conventional method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing ofChlamydia trachomatis is subjective and potentially misleading. We have developed a reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)-based method which is more sensitive and less subjective than the conventional method. Using 16 strains of C. trachomatisin triplicate assays, we found the RT-PCR method consistently more sensitive than the conventional technique for all eight antimicrobials tested, with resultant MICs determined by RT-PCR ranging from 1.6-fold higher (erythromycin) to ≥195-fold higher (amoxicillin).


Chronic venous leg ulcers are a major problem for patients as they affect the quality of life in terms of their ability to work, self-esteem and daily activities of living. It is therefore imperative for practitioners to plan interventions based on the current best evidence available for the treatment of venous leg ulcers. Currently, the best practice recommended for the management of chronic venous leg ulcers is compression bandaging. However, this therapy has not been successful in a minority of patients as they have continued to suffer physical and psychological problems as a result of ulcers that fail to heal. This article discusses the management of patients suffering from recalcitrant venous leg ulcers with the use of zinc impregnated paste bandages as a primary dressing. These case studies have shown that wound healing can be achieved when using zinc oxide paste bandages (Viscopaste PB7) as a primary dressing in the management of difficult to heal venous leg ulcers.


On the basis of representative postal surveys of the resident population of Dresden, an attempt is made to study changes between 1995 and 2000 both in living conditions and in levels of satisfaction with local infrastructure. Generally speaking, satisfaction follows changes in objective conditions. However, it is not determined solely by such changes: an important role has to be ascribed to cognitive tendencies ofgeneralisation, and equally to personal experience and expectations on the part of informants. Differences in personal experience and in expectations can be seen as the principal reasons for the divergence in attitudes observed between informants who previously (prior to unification) lived in West Germany and native Dresdeners. The former tend to judge opportunities for shopping more negatively, but see the crime situation in more favourable terms.


It has been known for many years that patients with chronic kidney disease have a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Many studies have shown that, in renal failure, increasing proteinuria and worse renal function are associated with more rapid progression and a higher incidence of cardiovascular events. Does the same hold true for patients with relatively minor degrees of renal impairment and low levels of proteinuria, even microalbuminuria? Is the combination especially important? And does this affect the management of patients? First some technicalities. Proteinuria usually refers to protein that is detectable in urine with conventional urine dipsticks, and the amount of protein can vary from 300 mg to several grams a day. Proteinuria can be quantified reliably and easily by using spot urine protein: creatinine ratios, where normal is said to be 2.5 (men) or > 3.5 (women) to 30 mg/mmol), not detectable by conventional urine dipsticks. Defining a normal cutoff is proving increasingly difficult as it becomes clear that even within the normal range higher levels of protein excretion are associated with poorer vascular and renal outcomes. A large body of data indicates that in patients with relatively normal renal function a lower glomerular filtration rate is associated with increased risk for poor cardiovascular outcomes. Most recently the rates of cardiovascular outcomes in the ALLHAT study (high risk hypertensive patients treated first line with either chlorthalidone, amlodipine or lisinopril) were re-analysed to look for the effect of renal function. 1 A low glomerular filtration rate (GFR; present in > 5500 patients (13%)) independently predicted increased risk for coronary heart disease, and patients with a baseline GFR 104 ml/min/ 1.73 m


In face of the great challenge to education in the knowledge economy society ,all the countries continually readjust their educational goals and make them more synthetical,and foster people of many abilities by attaching importance to developing their capability of innovating and quality of dealing with information.


(ProQuest: ... denotes "strike-through" in the original text omitted.)INTRODUCTIONFOR THE PAST CENTURY both the reputation and performance of Gabriel Faure's music have suffered in ways that can be imputed (more so than with Debussy or Ravel, for example) to a lack of reliable editions; error strewn pages and frequent ambiguities of notation have long left performers confused and hesitant. It is remarkable that there is still no unified scholarly edition of Faure's hundred-plus songs, which form a cornerstone of the French performing repertoire.1 Exacerbating this (and partly a result of it), a performing tradition has long been ingrained, at least in some quarters, of playing and singing Faure's music in an understated, mannered, or even flabbily romanticized fashion, far from the composer's wishes; every report of Faure's own playing, and his instructions to singers and instrumentalists with whom he worked, suggest that he wanted his music performed with vigor and dramatic and rhythmic cogency.The preparation of a new critical edition of Faure's songs offers a fascinating opportunity to explore and challenge textual problems and performing traditions in this rich body of music. Initial research quickly made it clear that the songs would demand an unusually nuanced editorial approach, as much practical as scholarly. The early songs, for example (particularly the twenty of the traditional Hamelle "First Collection"), exist in a daunting multiplicity of sources; of their surviving manuscripts, none served for engraving (many antedate publication by a decade or more), while different editions and transpositions offer a baffling array of variant readings, including obvious refinements in later versions that often lie cheek by jowl with uncorrected old errors, new misprints, or accidental reversions to early readings. A few of the later revisions even seem of debatable value, sometimes suggesting compromise in the face of inadequate performance. The only way to test the viability of all these alternative readings has been through working with performers-singing students, accompanists, teachers, and professionals-to discover what works and what doesn't, how different readings interact, why Faure might have made the various changes he did, and the qualities that different readings bring to a song.Although the process has been a complex one, it is a delight to see and hear songs, some of which had grown stale through a century of chaotic editions and sometimes misguided or sloppy performing habits, become fresh and newly focused as innumerable details of pitch, dynamics, articulation, text setting, and tempo are clarified. In the early songs, the most exciting discoveries have involved syllabification, a couple of variant manuscript endings and ritornellos, and a complete manuscript version of the song long known as "Reve d'amour" (but which Faure simply called "S'il est un charmant gazon"), with a livelier piano texture and a cheekily curtailed ending that lend the whole song a new sense of wit and sparkle, far from the soggy sentimentality in which it has often been mired.2 This exploration of manuscript and printed sources, sometimes involving editions of the same song published up to a few decades apart, has also revealed much about Faure's compositional processes and musical thinking. Most importantly, these comparisons have highlighted a particular fluidity of conception intrinsic to his songs, even within a process of gradual refinement. For most of Faure's songs, a single "definitive" version simply does not exist.Nowhere is this fluidity more important than in Faure's magnificent song cycle La bonne chanson (1892- 94), which exists in two independent versions-the original setting (for voice and piano) and Faure's 1898 transcription for voice and chamber ensemble (string quartet, contrabass, and piano). This article explores the fascinating array of manuscript sources for La bonne chanson-preand postpublication; chamber and pianovocal-as the basis for the forthcoming new critical edition of the piano-vocal score. …


Atomic nanolines are one-dimensional systems realized by assembling many atoms on a substrate into long arrays. The electronic properties of the nanolines depend on those of the substrate. Here, we demonstrate that to fully understand the electronic properties of Bi nanolines on clean Si(001) several different contributions must be accounted for. Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals a variety of different patterns along the nanolines as the imaging bias is varied. We observe an electronic phase shift of the Bi dimers, associated with imaging atomic
p
 orbitals, and an electronic coupling between the Bi nanoline and neighboring Si dimers, which influences the appearance of both. Understanding the interplay between the Bi nanolines and Si substrate could open a novel route to modifying the electronic properties of the nanolines.


The exhibition industry can not only promote the economic development, but also improve the image of host. It is an important part of the tertiary industry. Fujian exhibition industry has made certain degree of development, but still in its infancy. Compared with the level of economic development, it is asynchronous and incongruous. Its potential has not yet been fully exploited. According of the paper, Fujian should make full use of its advantages, avoid its disadvantages, and try to seize the opportunity of the development of the exhibition industry. So that it can actively respond to the challenges at home and abroad to promote the exhibition industry in Fujian develop fast and healthily.


This paper describes a user study aimed at comparing the common approach to developing an OWL ontology, using the Protégé editor alone, with an ontology development workflow starting by building a so-called PURO ontological background model in visual terms, using the tool PURO Modeler. The background model represents a complex example situation to be covered by the ontology, from which a seed of the ontology is semi-automatically generated. The evaluation suggests that starting from the background model might lead to an ontology that better covers the domain and might also alleviate some OWL encoding difficulties such as those tied to n-ary relations. On the other hand, it is more time-consuming and the user interface of the tool supporting it needs much improvement.


We reported previously that a strain of thermophilic blue-green algae isolated from Matsue hot springs, Mastigocladus laminosus, exhibited both photosystem I (PS-I) and photosystem II (PS-II) activities in its intact state.1) In fact, the living algae immobilized on an Sn02 optically transparent electrode (Sn02 OTE) with calcium alginate are living elec trode which could function as a long-lived anodic photoelectrode on continuous illumi nation.1) We report here that the intact algae also accumulate photosynthetic ATP in the culture medium in the presence of exogenous ADP plus orthophosphate, providing a unique and promissing ATP regeneration system using light as a sole energy source. The blue-green algae were cultured under laboratory conditions similarly as described


The electron emission properties of a single C[sub 60] molecule supported on a W field emission tip are reported. Using standard models, values for the size, effective work function, and desorption temperature of C[sub 60] were obtained. Energy distributions of electrons emitted from C[sub 60] exhibit a narrow two-peaked spectrum and indicate a splitting of the highest occupied molecular-orbital level.


To improve the beam transport from the source to the first accelerating structure, especially with respect to the planned upgrade of the HLI with a 28 GHz MS-ECRIS, measurements at the test bench were made. The EIS test bench is an exact copy of the first part of the existing injection beam line, established in 1989, and improved in 2001 by adding a solenoid behind the extraction system to increase the beam line acceptance, and to allow the matching of the extracted beam with different divergence angles to the following beam line. Due to the symmetry conditions of the plasma confinement (magnetic mirror with hexapolar cusp field) a contribution to the beam emittance can be expected. In the present setup no elements are available for observation or correction of this effect. We installed viewing plates instead of grid profile monitor into the beam line at three different places: directly behind extraction, between solenoid and quadrupole singlet, and at the focal point of the dipole magnet. The BaF coated targets are placed at an angle of 45 with respect to the beam axis into the beam line. The front side of the target is observed with a CCD-camera through a vacuum window.


The present invention relates to a socket type LED lighting device 1 can be adjusted continuously and easily free the lighting direction. The base body (110) being of the two ends of the first-stage one of said two ends is provided with a base 120 which is fitted in the socket 10 and the second stage the other of said two ends is open and the second end of the base body 110 is provided to be coupled to the illumination head unit 210, the block where retracted in two stages towards the first end wall 111 of the base body 110 is formed , the blocking wall 111 has protruding coupling part 112 has a screw 215, the protruding connection part 112 toward the outside from the inside of the light head unit 210 is formed so as to project toward, light head unit 210 the coupling being base body 110, and light head unit 210 is relatively and possibly bonded to each other to rotate, light head unit 210, and light head unit 210, the base body 110 to one another mill in the opposite direction spring 114 in the space between the blocking wall 111 is characterized in that that installation be fitted to the protruding connection part 112 .


This study proposes the experimental methods which shows various guidelines for systematic study of surface forest fuels. The thermal characteristics of surface fire fuels such as Quercus Variabilis and Pinus Densiflora fallen leaves are measured using TGA and Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter. Both of them are common species of Korean forest. Also the combustion characteristics of surface fire fuels are analysed according to the methods which are commonly used in Pool Fire analysis. The measured parameters are gas velocity, temperature, flame height, heat release rate and mass loss rate. A system is designed to simulate the surface fire. Methods and results are shown for the application of forest fire study.


⎯ Digital image watermarking is hiding information in any form (text, image, audio and video) in original image without degrading its perceptual quality. Watermarking is done for copyright protection of the original data. In this paper, we have done a comparative study of two most recent techniques used in digital image watermarking; they are DWT and hybrid DWT-SVD. Both these techniques are very much robust and imperceptible. In case of DWT, decomposition of the original image is done to embed the watermark and in case of hybrid DWT-SVD firstly image is decomposed according to DWT and then watermark is embedded in singular values obtained by applying SVD. Here, the techniques are compared on the basis of PSNR value at different values of scaling factor, high value of PSNR is desired as it shows good imperceptibility of the technique.


SUMMARY This paper presents a case study of the utilization of Information Technology (IT) in a cataract surgery eye camp held outside a remote village in India. Detailed here are the organizational and technological context of the project, the steps taken in the development and deployment of a patient medical database, the data collection procedures employed during the eye camp, and the resultant information products of these endeavors. Discussed are the implications for the application of IT in the documentation and evaluation of time-limited health and social service delivery projects.


This report looks at outpatient treatment of nasopharyngeal inlet stenosis, a more commonly seen postoperative complication of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). It does not study the effectiveness of the UPPP for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The authors evaluated six patients who had a UPPP for OSAS, all of whom developed stenosis in the nasopharyngeal inlet ranging from 14 mm to complete closure. Two patients had failed rotation flap repairs. The carbon dioxide laser was used to treat these patients in the office under a local anesthesia in a staged manner. We now have patients from 3 months to 12 months follow‐up who have had stenosis treated successfully. We believe that the postoperative complication of nasopharyngeal inlet stenosis after UPPP can be treated in a safe and cost‐effective manner in the office setting.


This paper reports a new electrophoretic method for the analysis of wine proteins. The method used for protein isolation and concentration was dialysis followed by lyophilization. Electrophoretic separation was carried out on an uncoated fused silica capillary of 57 cm total length, 50 cm effective length, and 75 μm i.d., using 100 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris)-HCl, pH 8.0, at 12 kV. Detection was at 214 nm. The protein fractions of sparkling wines after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 months of aging on yeast lees and of the must and the base wine from which they originated were studied. Eight peaks were separated in the must. During the first fermentation, both the intensity and the number of peaks were lower. In the first months of aging with yeast another reduction in the intensity of the peaks was observed, although new peaks appeared, probably corresponding to polypeptide forms released by the yeast. These results were compared with those achieved by native-PAGE. Keywords: Capillary electrop...


**William G. Nagel is currently an author, lecturer, and expert witness on correctional matters. He was executive director of the American Foundation and the American Institute of Corrections. He also was assistant superintendent of Bordentown (N.J.) Correctional Institution and served as executive secretary for the Council for Human Services on the Governor of Pennsylvania's staff. During the paat decade and a half, there has been a mass of attention given to sentencing reform. In preparation for this session I have read or reread some of the literature on the subject. There are certain themes which repeat themselves. Among them are these: 1. Judges and parole boards have too much discretion, and the discretion has resulted in grossly inequitable punishments. 2. The indeterminate sentence is based on fallacious assumptions. The most central of these is that rehabilitation is not an attainable goal nor a cardinal purpose of criminal sanctions. The attainable and proper aim of justice, they seem to agree, is punishment.


The transformation of urban areas into so-called smart cities, a result, in part, of the rapid deployment of new urban technologies, has occasioned a storm of literature on the topic in academic journals with this one being no exception. Four of the articles in this issue address the topic in one way or another. The authors of the first paper in this issue, Vito Albino, Umberto Berardi, and Rosa Maria Dangelico, are not the first, nor will they be the last in this journal or others to attempt to bring clarification and standardization to the definition of the term, smart cities. The authors use both academic literature and documents of governments and corporations to discover consistent uses of the term. They also use various metrics and apply them to urban contexts with the goal of comparing smart cities, so defined, to traditional cities, with the aim of measuring performance in the delivery of city services and urban governance. In their article, "Unplugging: Deconstructing the Smart City," Igor Calzada and Cristobal Cobo argue against some of the basic assumptions of the smart city and call into question what they consider the technological determinism of the prevailing model. If the first two articles in this issue are concerned with smart cities qua smart cities, the second two pieces explain new ways cities can use the vast amounts of data collected by the technologies of smart cities. Caitlin D. Cottrill and Sybil Derrible explore the ways new technologies associated with smart cities can help researchers measure the results of efforts to improve transportation sustainability. Not only will the Big Data produced allow for better indicators, but they argue, "Successfully combining different sources together could hold much potential from model calibrations to real-time operations." Meanwhile, Hossein Shahrokni, David Lazarevic, and Nils Brandt focus on the metabolism of cities—their energy and material flows. Again, the technologies of smart cities can provide the data that allows for real-time feedback on energy and material flows, thus allowing for the true gauging of urban metabolisms. The authors use the model of those flows to measure the urban metabolism of the Stockholm Royal Seaport. There are, of course, other things occurring in cities besides the accumulation and management of Big Data. One of the more interesting developments to chart is the movement of horticulture back into cities. The question raised by this new development is "Where in cities can this happen?" In their paper, Esther SanyéMengual, Ileana Cerón-Palma, Jordi Oliver-Solà, Juan Ignacio Montero, and John Rieradevall have created guidelines that demonstrate that situating greenhouses atop the roofs of buildings in urban industrial and logistics parks can be feasible. Their guidelines cover technical, economic, legal, and agricultural criteria that would allow municipalities to determine the feasible implementation of rooftop greenhouses atop particular structures in industrial and logistical parks. They then apply their guidelines to a particular industrial park in the city of Barcelona. Journal of Urban Technology, 2015 Vol. 22, No. 1, 1–2, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2015.1032095


Waste coffee grounds offer a viable waste feedstock for biodiesel production. Approximately 8 million tonnes of coffee are produced globally each year and contain up to 15 wt % lipid, of which the glyceride portion is predominantly made up of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids. In this investigation, the variation in the oil content, saponifiable lipids, and lipid profile according to the regional location and processing or brewing techniques was assessed. A number of key fuel properties were also investigated. The oil content for fresh coffee grounds (FCGs) ranged from 11 to 15% across the range of coffees examined. Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) had slightly reduced levels of lipid, between 7 and 13 wt %, for the coffees under investigation. The lipids contained between 0 and 40% unsaponifiable material, which could not be processed to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). For all samples, with the exception of Vietnamese coffee, the FAME profile of the resulting biodiesel was consistent; the oils cont...


This work presents an application of a previously described method for assessing clinical prediction tools, GRASP. As the authors rightly note, with the proliferation of clinical prediction tools, it is useful to classify them by their rigor, degree of validation, usability and potential impact. I am intrigued by this concept and the GRASP tool seems well thought-out, so I would certainly recommend consideration of this work for publication. However, I have a few issues with the manuscript that I'd suggest reviewing prior to acceptance.


Bifacial solar cell offers the advantage of harvesting the sunlight more effectively and produce extra power from albedo in addition to slightly lower module temperature. Silicon bifacial cells have been studied and commercially produced with doped back surface field (BSF) in conjunction with dielectric passivation. In this study detailed computer modeling of ZnO based bifacial solar cell is performed to critically investigate the potential doped BSF (DBSF)/dielectric passivation and charged passivated BSF (CPBSF). In both structures n-ZnO is employed as the emitter because of its intrinsic n-type conductivity and high transparency. Simulation results show that the bifacial n-ZnO/p-Si solar cells are insensitive to the emitter layer thickness up to compared to conventional Si solar cell with doped emitter. Furthermore, emitter doping concentration of ZnO in the ZnO/p-Si cell shows stable efficiency up to 1019 cm−3 and drops rapidly for higher doping concentration. The efficiency of the two structures — DBSF and CPBSF with ZnO emitter are similar for base thickness of 140 μm having low carrier lifetime. However, the CPBSF structure exhibits higher efficiency than the DBSF when the carrier lifetime is high. Also, even higher efficiency is obtained with a charge density of 1012 cm2 leading to ∼15 mV higher Voc than DBSF counterpart.


One of the key tasks in the service oriented architecture that Semantic Web services aim to automate is the discovery of services that can fulfill the applications or user needs. OWL-S is one of the proposals for describing semantic metadata about Web services, which is based on the OWL ontology language. Majority of current approaches for matching OWL-S processes take into account only the inputs/outputs service profile. This chapter argues that, in many situations the service matchmaking should take into account also the process model. We present matching techniques that operate on OWL-S process models and allow retrieving in a given repository, the processes most similar to the query. To do so, the chapter proposes to reduce the problem of process matching to a graph matching problem and to adapt existing algorithms for this purpose. It proposes a similarity measure used to rank the discovered services. This measure captures differences in process structure and semantic differences between input/outputs used in the processes.


According to the poor quality problem in the region of interest in the reconstructed image which is generated by the implicit ROI(Region of Interest)algorithms in the low bit rate coding in JPEG2000,an improved method is proposed.The proposed method makes use of the Lagrange interpolation to construct the weight adaptive function,gives a reasonable weight for the ROI code block according to the proportion of the number of ROI wavelet coefficients and the target code ration the ROI code block.While ensuring that more ROI information is encoded with higher priority,the background wavelet effects are reduced.Therefore the data length of the ROI wavelet coefficients in the data stream is enhanced.The experimental results show that the reconstructed ROI image quality of the proposed algorithm is much better than the implicit ROI algorithm.


A new expression form of coupled disturbing variable for unsaturated soils is defined in this paper,in which both of disturbance factors that external force and wetting are reflected.Moreover,a new constitutive model of unsaturated natural soils is build up in accordance with homogenization theory for composites materials.In the model,the coupling of hydraulic hysteresis and stress-strain behavior in unsaturated natural soils and the influence of saturation change on soil structure degradation are considered,and the evolution equation of coupled disturbing variable is presented.Comparing the calculation results of the new model with the experimental results,it can be seen clearly that the new model is satisfactory in describing the influence of soil structure degradation on the mechanical properties of unsaturated natural soils that is strain-softening behaviour.


Mony Almalech claims that the Judaism is a dynamic doctrine with striking examples of changes. Such an example is the historical change of the term for linen in the four-colored garment of the high priest. In the Tabernacle' four color unit (ХІІІ-Х B.C.) Moses's term for linen is ses. Solomon preserves at the First Temple (Х-VI B.C.) the four color unit but the term for linen is butz. At the Second Temple (VI B.C – I A.D) Ezekiel abrogate the four color unit and postulate that the garments should be only of linen, and the linen is pistim. These three types of linen mark different levels of knowledge and periods of the monotheism. Almalech's analysis and conclusions are based on the status of Hebrew as a sacral language and on the algebraic features of Hebrew grammar.


The risk to the mother and fetus will be increased in the case of a breech presentation than if the fetus is in a cephalic presentation. Intrauterine fetal repositioning is also influenced by physical forces acting on the fetus and uterus. This study aimed to determine the effect of the biomechanics of throwing the ball and body mechanics on the repositioning of the fetus in pregnant women. This type of research is an experimental study of benefit testing, with no comparison group (pre-test and post-test without control group design). This research was conducted in 5 Midwife Independent Practice Places in Palembang City for seven months. The length of treatment is for 14 days. The research sample was 30 third-trimester pregnant women with breech presentation, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The statistical analysis used in this study is the Mc test. Nemar. There was a significant effect on fetal repositioning before and after treatment with ball-throwing biomechanics and body mechanics with a p-value of 0.0001. It was concluded that the biomechanics of throwing the ball and body mechanics affected the repositioning of the fetus from breech presentation to head presentation.


Reduced Modeling of Strongly Stratified Turbulence Greg Chini Department of Mechanical Engineering & Program in Integrated Applied Mathematics University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA 03824 Strongly stratified turbulent shear flows are of fundamental importance owing to their widespread occur- rence and their impact on diabatic mixing. Stable stratification in high Reynolds number (Re) p flows drives anisotropization of motions having horizontal scales L larger than the Ozmidov scale l O ≡ e/N 3 (where e is the energy dissipation rate and N is the Brunt frequency), below which buoyancy forces are negligible. The mechanisms by which energy is transferred from these large-scale quasi-horizontal (quasi-2D) 'pancake' modes to smaller scales and the associated interplay between anisotropic and isotropic dynamics remain ill understood. DNS is particularly challenging owing to the extreme range of spatiotemporal scales that must be resolved. Indeed, in terms of the Froude number F r ≡ U/(N L) (' 10 −3 in geophysical flows), where U is a characteristic large-scale horizontal velocity, the ratio l O /L = O(F r 3/2 ) 1 [1,2]. Here, we exploit the limit F r → 0 and the corresponding strong anisotropy exhibited by the large-scale motions to derive a reduced PDE model of stratified turbulence. We employ multiple-scale asymptotics [3] by considering a distinguished limit in which the buoyancy Reynolds number R ≡ F r 2 Re, a measure of the level of turbulence within the pancakes, is fixed and the aspect-ratio of the large-scale flow is O(F r) as F r → 0, implying the relevant vertical length scale h = O(U /N ) [4]. All flow variables are allowed to depend on fast and slow horizontal and temporal coordinates (χ,τ ) and (x,t), respectively, as well as on a single vertical coordinate z. Each generic field φ is then decomposed into a fast (χ,τ ) mean and a fluctuation: φ(x, z, t) → φ(χ, x, z, τ, t) = φ(x, z, t) + φ 0 (χ, x, z, τ, t), where φ 0 ≡ 0. Introducing ≡ F r, the following asymptotic expansions are posited for the various fields: [u, b, p] ∼ [u 0 , b 0 , p 0 ] + [u 1 , b 1 , p 1 ] + 2 [u 2 , b 2 , p 2 ] + . . ., W ∼ −1 W −1 + W 0 + W 1 + . . . The crucial prescription is that the vertical velocity W (normalized by hU/L) is no larger than O( −1 ) on fine horizontal scales. This re-scaling ensures a consistent dominant balance among the feedback of the fluctuations on the mean fields through the vertical Reynolds stress divergence ∂ z (W 0 u 0 ); the mean tendency ∂ t u; and mean vertical diffusion R −1 ∂ z 2 u. It can then be deduced that the fluctuating horizontal velocity, buoyancy, and pressure fields arise at O(), a key simplification. Substituting these expansions into the Boussinesq equations, collecting terms order by order in , and eliminating secular growth terms yields a closed, coupled system of PDEs for the leading-order (omitting subscripts) mean and fluctuation fields: ∂ t + u · ∇ x + W ∂ z u + ∂ z W 0 u 0 ∂ u, R z −∂ z p + b, ∂ 2 b, P rR z Fr −∇ χ p 0 + ∇ 2 χ + ∂ z 2 u 0 , R Fr −∂ z p + b + ∇ 2 χ + ∂ z 2 W 0 , R Fr ∇ χ + ∂ z b , P rR = −∇ x p + ∇ x · u + ∂ z W (∂ τ + u · ∇ χ ) u 0 + W 0 ∂ z u (∂ τ + u · ∇ χ ) W 0 (∂ τ + u · ∇ χ ) b 0 + W 0 ∂ z b ∂ t + u · ∇ x + W ∂ z b + ∂ z W 0 b 0 ∇ χ · u + ∂ z W The mean system (1)–(4) is recognizable as the 'hydrostatic primitive equations' augmented with the vertical divergence of Reynolds stresses and buoyancy fluxes arising from the isotropic, non-hydrostatic fluctuation dynamics. Crucially, the usual closure difficulties associated with Reynolds averaging are cir- cumvented here by exploiting the scale separation that emerges as F r → 0 and by setting the dimensional


With increasing demand of indoor positioning services, a reliable and accurate localization system becomes more important. In this paper, we discuss a kind of localization systems which is RF-based and relied on the infrastructure of the existed communication systems. Many localization algorithms have been proposed but they have a common drawback: their positioning results are unstable and sensitive to the environmental noise. To relieve this problem, we propose a signal scrambling method which recombines several continuously received patterns. Hence, some less interfered patterns are likely to be generated. The simulation studies approve our claimed advantages of increasing search space for localization algorithms.


In this paper a descriptive analysis of the relationship between energy consumption, patterns of energy use, and housing stock variables is presented. The purpose of the analysis is to uncover evidence of variations in energy consumption and expenditures, and patterns of energy use between majority households (defines as households with neither a black nor Hispanic head of household), black households (defined as households with a black head of household), and Hispanic households (defined as households with a Hispanic head of household) between 1980 (time of the first DOE/EIA Residential Energy Consumption Survey, 1982a) and 1987 (time of the last DOE/EIA Residential Energy Consumption Survey, 1989a). The analysis is three-dimensional: energy consumption and expenditures are presented by time (1980 to 1987), housing vintage, and housing type. A comparative analysis of changes in energy variables for the three population groups -- majority, black, and Hispanic -- within and between specific housing stock categories is presented.


By shifting the reference source points off the axis of holographic disk and swapping or rotating the original 2D objects, real and virtual images can be generated from opposite half circle of the hologram.


Many organizations are trying to manage a multigenerational workforce. Organizations have begun to shift their focus from the aging worker to issues related to a multigenerational workforce (Sprague, 2008). In fact, many workplaces now employ four different generations of workers (Hart, 2008). As a result, companies need to holistically evaluate their workforces, as each group requires a unique approach to such issues as recruitment, compensation, expectations, motivators, collaboration, learning styles and training. This article examines the differences between the generations and how understanding and appreciating them can help SH&E professionals improve communication and training.


Aviation ad-hoc network with the characteristics of large scale, high dynamics and the small node density, there are many problems exist in the high-speed mobile environment. The link constituted between high speed airplanes has a certain particularity. Consequently, the aviation ad-hoc network protocol design must first study the dynamic link. This paper adopted the method of probability calculation to deduce the mathematical formulas that represent the link life, expectations of the relative rate. Then the simulation experiments verified the accuracy of theoretical calculation.


Peptides produced by cyanogen bromide cleavage of non-histone chromosomal protein HMG 1 have been isolated and characterized, and their partial sequences determined. The sequence data presented here account for over half of the sequence of the HMG 1 molecule and, together with previously published results, provide interesting information on the charge distribution within the molecule.


This study assessed undergraduate Kiswahili students' use of the internet in searching academic information. The study was conducted in four universities, two public and two private. Specifically, the study sought to know whether undergraduate Kiswahili students' use of the internet was influenced by gender, age having a personal computer or prior computers skills. Theoretical framework for this study was based on the Individual Innovativeness theory as postulated by Rodgers. Which states that those individuals who are predisposed to technology would adopt the innovation earlier than those who are less predisposed. The study used descriptive survey method of research, questionnaire and interview schedule. Data was collected from 280 undergraduate Kiswahili students who studied Kiswahili and 8 information communication technology experts from the four universities. The data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS software. Descriptive statistics used included frequencies, means and standard deviation. While inferential statistics used was t-test. The t-test was used to establish the difference in means between two groups. The null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. This study revealed that there is no significant relationship between age and undergraduate Kiswahili students' use of the internet for academic purpose. Nevertheless, there is a significant relationship between having a personal computer and undergraduate Kiswahili students' use of the internet for academic purpose. There is also sig In view of these findings, it is recommended, that the universities be provided with personal computers at subsidized prices. It is recommended that universities should enlarge their Information Technology Centres to cater for students needs


A simple scaling argument is proposed to understand the localization of excess electrons in simple fluids and to interpolate numerical results of path integral simulations and reference interaction site—polaron theory. A mapping is found between an impenetrable object of arbitrary geometry and a spherical hard sphere. Numerical simulations of solvated electrons in atomic and diatomic solvents are used to demonstrate the validity and applicability of these scaling and mapping schemes.


Laser hardening of previously unhardened PM tool steel Vanadis 6 was studied. It was found that the best combination of properties was achieved, applying the laser beam of 700 W and the scan speed of 300 mm/min. In this case, the microhardness values ranged from 330 to 540 HV0.3 and case depth from 7.3 to 7.8 mm, volumetric wear equalled to 2.4 mm, what is, however, 2 times larger wear than that of conventionally hardened steel. This result can be explained by the large amount of retained austenite.


Chipreliability becomes agreat threat tothedesign of future microelectronic systems withthecontinuation ofthe progressive downscaling ofCMOStechnologies. Henceincreasing therobustness ofchipimplementations interms of error tolerance becomes animportant issue. Inthis paper wepresent acasestudy inreliability-awar e design tolerating transient errors. A state-of-the-art WiMAXchannel decoder forLDPCcodes isinvestigated onalldesign levelstoincrease itsreliability foragiven system performance withminimumhardware overhead. Weshowthat anefficient exploitation ofthealgorithmic fault-tolerance yields afairly small areaoverhead withnearly nodegradation in communications performance evenunder higherror injection rates.


Abstract : The purpose of this program is to determine the presence and magnitude of residual stresses in thick wall fiberglas structures, and their effect on material properties; such that, the information will be applicable to full size deep submergence structures, and detrimental effects may be minimized or eliminated. Residual stresses are reported for eight dispersed construction cylinders and eight all-hoop tape wound rings. Interlaminar shear strength and related trends for the cylinders are included. Four methods for analysis of residual stress are compared, and general orthotropic thermal effects are analyzed. (Author)


Bihermitian complex surfaces are oriented conformal four‐manifolds admitting two independent compatible complex structures. Non‐anti‐self‐dual bihermitian structures on R4 and the four‐dimensional torus T4 have recently been discovered by P. Kobak. We show that an oriented compact 4‐manifold, admitting a non‐anti‐self‐dual bihermitian structure, is a torus or K3 surface in the strongly bihermitian case (when the two complex structures are independent at each point) or, otherwise, must be obtained from the complex projective plane or a minimal ruled surface of genus less than 2 by blowing up points along some anti‐canonical divisor (but the actual existence of bihermitian structures in the latter case is still an open question). The paper includes a general method for constructing non‐anti‐self‐dual bihermitian structures on tori, K3 surfaces and S1 × S3. Further properties of compact bihermitian surfaces are also investigated. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 53C12, 53C55, 32J15.


Hypercompetition forces companies to continuously reduce prices of the products or services, and to improve their quality. The management of these two incompatible criteria defines the customer that Michel Montebello (2003) calls value customer. The activity-based costing was developed to deal with cost/value management. Based on the value chain analysis (Porter, 1985), its objectives are to identify value added processes, and to provide metrics to reduce their costs. Then, the performance of a company can not be explained by financial indicators exclusively. Non financial indicators are then required to evaluate competitive advantage criteria of a company. The Balanced Scorecard was developed in response to this balance need between financial and non financial metrics.


This paper presents a new mathematical method to construct a fuzzy time series model of a system where the fuzzy support and interval values are used. This paper further presents an improved fuzzy time series model with a long-term predictive value interval and shows that the proposed definition can be used for long-term forecasting. The enrollment data of the University of Alabama (adopted by Song and Chissom, 1993) are used to demonstrate the proposed forecast model.


PURPOSE: An injection sleeve for die casting is provided to reduce frictional force of a protective layer by reducing a valid surface area of the protective layer using minute slits. CONSTITUTION: An injection sleeve for die casting is composed of a sleeve(10), a protective layer(20), and a friction reducing unit. The friction reducing unit comprises minute slits. The minute slits are formed on the surface of the protective layer and reduce a valid surface area of the protective layer. The friction reducing unit is formed in a scratch-shape and is arranged crossing with the surface of the protective layer.


The completed WISC-Rs of 76 white urban children (6–0 to 15–9) were rescored utilizing the Satz and Mogel criteria for an abbreviated intelligence measure. Extremely high correlations for IQs (.96 – .98) and subtests (.66 – .95) were found. However, when mean differences between complete WISC-R and the shortened form were examined, significant differences between administrations were found. Furthermore, one-third of the subjects showed changes in intelligence classification levels when the abbreviated form was used. Thus, two of the three criteria previously suggested for a valid abbreviated intelligence test of: (a) a significantly high correlation between administration forms; (b) nonsignificant t-tests between the abbreviated and standard form mean IQ; and (c) low percentage of IQ classification change with the administration of the short form, were not met. It was concluded, however, that the abbreviated WISC-R may be appropriate when intelligence is a question relative to candidacy for therapy or as a noncritical, general indication of intelligence when IQ classification is not important and/or assessment time is limited.


Objective To evaluate the safety and feasiblity of transcatheter closure procedure for congential heart diseases in chlildren by Amplatzer occluder.Methods 49 patients,including 25 patent ductus arteriosus(PDA),16atrial septal defects(ASD) and 8 perimembranous ventricular septal defects(VSD),comfirmed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE),were enrolled into the present study.Amplatzer occluder device was implanted percutaneously.TTE was used.TTE?ECG and X-ray examination were applied to evaluate efficacy at the time interval of 24h,1 mon,3 mon,6 mon,1 year and yearly after the procedure.Results The mean ballon stretched diameter of the ASD was 19.3±4.9(13-28)mm,the mean narrowest diameter(cardioangiography)were 3.9±1.5(2-7.7)mm at PDA and 4.7±2.3(3.4-8)mm at VSD.The mean diameter of the occluder selected were 20.6±5.1(13-30)mm at ASD,6.6±1.9(4~12)mm at PDA and 7.8±1.7(6-10)mm at VSD respectively.The success rate of the procedure was 100%.No complications including those in need of emergent surgery occurred during the procedure.Very small residual shunt immediately after the procedure was seen in 10 cases,and disappeared after 3 months during follow-up.Pulmonary pressure and cardiac dimension decreased significantly during follow-up.Conclusion Transcather closure of secundum ASD,PDA and membranous VSD in children using the Amplatzer occluder is much less invasive but feasible with high success rate of procedure.


On January 26, 1976, the East Hartford, Connecticut, Board of Education voted against a proposal to apply for a grant from the National Institute of Education (NIE) which would .have supported an educational voucher experiment (Note 1). The proposed five-year program would have brought up to six and one-half million Federal dollars to East Hartford, an industrial/residential town of almost 60,000 people, situated across the Connecticut River from Hartford. East Hartford's decision and a similar one made in New Hampshire two months later completed the last two Federally funded education voucher planning projects, closed the possibility of implementing a' full scale project at either of the sites, and eliminated the prospects of establishing a voucher program elsewhere. As a result, seven years of Federal efforts to introduce sweeping economic, political, and educational changes through the voucher mechanism ended quietly.


The relationship between Du Fu and the style features of the prosperous Tang's poems is a controversial focus of classical poems in academe. The discussion is related to the new understanding of the concepts of Du Fu' s poems, prosperous Tang, the style features of the prosperous Tang's poems and the problem with Tang poems' stages. The prosperous Tang's poems were evolving. The style of Kai-yuan Parnassus was high-spirited and optimistic, then Tian-bao's style became majestic, solemn and stirring. And after An-shi chaos added more ingredients of sadness. This paper argues that Du Fu's poems were closely tied up with the prosperous Tang Parnassus and he was the embodiment of the age. His poems represented typically the style features of "sturdiness and integrating " of the prosperous Tang' poems.


An alternative method of analysis was developed to estimate characteristic parameters of a published grain-bridging model for crack-extension resistance (R-curve) and to enable estimations of standard deviations of the parameters, which determine to a large extent the usefulness of the measurement results. The method is based upon fitting the model to both strength and crack-length measurements, corresponding to a range of indentation loads. Indentation-strength data for an alumina ceramic that was hot-pressed with a mean grain size of 10 μm were used to demonstrate the method of analysis. These data were taken from tests where the indentation cracks were much larger than the grain size of the alumina and where residual stresses due to the indentations were annealed out. The model in this situation can be reduced to an explicit expression of strength as a nonlinear function of crack length, which is easily amenable for analysis by a least-squares method for nonlinear functions. The results indicate some limitations in the usefulness of estimating parameters of the grain-bridging model. As many as three of the five major characteristic parameters of the model can be estimated from the selected indentation-strength data, but because the standard deviations of the three parameters are rather large, preferably not more than two parameters should be estimated, assuming the third is known.


Pancreatic lithiasis is a relatively rare pathologic entity. A careful study of the literature published before 1939 reveals a total of approximately 125 reported cases of the disease. According to Witherspoon,1until 1935 operation had been performed in only 28 cases and in but 4 of these had a diagnosis been made prior to operation. It was our privilege to observe 2 patients with this disease who were admitted to the medical service of the Cincinnati General Hospital within the period of one month. The condition of the first patient was diagnosed during life and that of the second at autopsy. In the first case we were able to confirm the diagnosis by demonstrating a definite lack of pancreatic enzymes both in the duodenal fluid and in the feces. In addition to the usual management of a diabetic patient, we administered rather large amounts of a potent preparation of


Coal tar refined soft pitch was prepared from high temperature coal tar by distillation,solvent extraction,settlement and soxhlet extraction.The distribution and thermal stability of sulfur was analyzed and the structure of unstable sulfur group was identified by IR and point position titration.


In this paper we consider the insurance polices based on drawdown and drawup events where an underlying asset is derived by a classical risk process with phasetype claim sizes perturbed by Brownian motion. The drawdown/drawup process we define as a difference between the historical maximum/minimum and current asset value. We consider four contracts presented in [Palmowski, Tumilewicz 2016]. The first one is an insurance contract where the protection buyer is paying a constant premium with intensity p until the drawdown of fixed size occurs. In return he/she receives a certain insured amount at the drawdown epoch. The second insurance contract may expire early if a certain fixed drawup event occurs prior to a fixed drawdown. The last two contracts are extensions of the previous ones by an additional cancellable feature which allows an investor to terminate the contract earlier. We focus here on an extensive numerical analysis when claim sizes are phase-type.


Summary

Palaeomagnetic studies are reported for Precambrian (2590 ± 40 Myr) quartz-magnetite rocks from three localities of the Karimnagar area, Andhra Pradesh, India. Two localities yielded remanence directions of D= 225° 28′; I=−44° 26′ and D= 225° 31′; I=−41° 28′. The Virtual Geomagnetic Pole positions corresponding to these directions coincide with poles from the charnockites (about 2600 Myr) of Visakhapatnam, Eastern Ghats.


SUMMARY Manufacturability evaluation of the features on a part for machining is a popular research topic due to the rising concern over effective product design in the Concurrent Engineering and CIM concepts. Many of the currently available manufacturability evaluation systems, however, require specialized expertise and inference and/or analysis methods, such as statistical tolerance analysis, cutting force analysis, etc., which may be time-consuming and would require a considerable amount of specialized knowledge that is not directly available to the designers. Many of these systems that are rule-based, formalize the ill-defined boundaries of the operations' capabilities using precise production rules. In addition, the manufacturability evaluation of a pan is usually performed after the pan has been designed. However, manufacturability evaluation must become an integral part of the design process to truly integrate design and manufacturing. Set-up planning, which is a macro-planning process in both proce...


Objective The aim of this study was to survey the age-related bone mineral density(BMD) and bone loss at peripheral skeleton in females to establish a reliable BMD reference database in peripheral densitometry for the establishment of diagnostic criteria of osteoporosis.Methods A total of 452 healthy female volunteers between ages 20~79 were recruited to participate in the measurement of bone mineral density at the nondominant forearm by peripheral dual X-ray absorptiometry(pDXA).The scan sites include a global distal site(radius + ulna),a global 1/3 proximal site (radius + ulna) and a 1/3 proximal radius site,and a cubic regression-fitting model was used to describe the change of BMD with age at various skeletal sites of forearm.Results It was showed that the BMD value at forearm skeletal sites was in line with the normal distribution and can be represented as mean±standard deviation.In females the peak density was found in the 40~44-yr group for the distal and proximal forearm,subsequently,a slight decrease in density occurred, but there was a rapid bone loss between ages 50~59 and over age 70,the accumulated bone loss between ages 55~59 reached 25%at distal radial and ulna measurement sites,with the same trend as that at central skeletal sites with DXA. The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in females aged 50~54 years was 57.6%,25.8%(T-score criteria of -2.0 or below) and 12.1%(T-score criteria of -2.5 or below),while at age 55~59,it reached 80.9%,50.0%and 30.9%,respectively.Between ages 60~70,the increase of prevalence rate of osteopenia and osteoporosis was slowing down,but a significant increase was observed in females greater than 70 years of age.Conclusion BMD Measurements at forearm skeletal sites might be sensitive to reflect the age-related bone mineral density and bone loss rate for postmenopausal women,and can be used for identification of patients who are likely to have osteoporosis.Otherwise,the T-score criteria of - 2.0 or below based on BMD measurements of the distal radius and ulna should be appropriate both for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and for monitoring individuals receiving antiresorptive treatment for osteoporosis.


Electronic media have enforced a form of survival of the fittest on the press and the fittest newspapers who have survived are stronger because their weaker competition is gone. But they still face challenges.


The problem of identifying cohesive subgroups in social hypertext is reviewed. A computationally efficient three-step framework for identifying cohesive subgroups is proposed, referred to as the Social Cohesion Analysis of Networks (SCAN) method. In the first step of this method (Select), people within a social network are screened using a level of network centrality to select possible subgroup members. In the second step (Collect), the people selected in the first step are collected into subgroups identified at each point in time using hierarchical cluster analysis. In the third step (Choose), similarity modeling is used to choose cohesive subgroups based on the similarity of subgroups when compared across different points in time. The application of this SCAN method is then demonstrated in a case study where a subgroup is automatically extracted from a social network formed based on the online interactions of a group of about 150 people that occurred over a two-year period. In addition, this paper also demonstrates that similarity-based cohesion can provide a different, and in this case more compelling, subgroup representation than a method based on splitting a hierarchical clustering dendrogram using an optimality criterion.


Background Breast cancer is considered as one of the most common cancers affecting women, and remains one of the world's biggest killers. Once diagnosed as a breast cancer patient, a woman can be exposed to psychological trauma that is manifested as stress, anxiety, and even depression. Since surgery is the most important part of breast cancer management protocol, the first time a woman looks to her body after surgery can be harmful. Despite this gloomy picture, there have been some dramatic modifications recently in the treatment of breast cancer, especially in early detected tumors. One of them is the clear shift towards more conserving surgeries that preserve an appreciable part of the breast mass. However, although breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is a good option in the treatment of breast cancer that helps to improve a patient's psychological situation, it has also its side effects, which includes pain, tenderness, tugging sensation in the breast, temporary swelling, or a change in the shape and contour of the remaining breast, together with change in the position of the nipple–areola complex, compared to the other side. Aims In this study, our main concern was how to make female cancer patients satisfied after surgical intervention, to respect their feelings, by not leaving them shy of their bodies for the rest of their lives. Here, the proposed surgical technique helps to achieve the best oncoplastic outcome for the breast shape and contour after surgery and to keep the most possible similarity between the affected breast and the intact one. From different types of skin incisions used in BCS, we chose the elliptical radial skin incision, which gives the best cosmetic configuration. This deeply helps to overcome the psychological trauma affecting these patients, which in turn improves their quality of life. Patients and methods In this study, 23 female patients with early breast cancer, were selected and categorized as stages I, II, and IIa breast cancer. Tumors were located at the supra-areolar region (upper outer and upper inner quadrants), and far from the nipple–areola complex. All patients fulfilled the criteria to undergo BCS, and also they refused any kind of breast reconstruction. The proposed surgical technique includes several steps: elliptical radial skin incision is used in all patients, with or without separate incision for axillary lymph node clearance, according to the tumor location; closure of the dead space after wide local excision, along its vertical axis of the wound, together with subcuticular skin closure. Conclusion We conclude that using this technique, especially in patients with pendulous breast gives a very satisfactory cosmetic outcome to both the patient and the surgeon, which decreases the severity of psychological trauma affecting these patients, and consequently improves their quality of life.


Free-to-play mobile games monetize players through different business models, with higher player engagement leading to revenue increases. Consequently, the foremost goal of game designers and developers is to keep their audience engaged with the game for as long as possible. Studying and modeling player churn is, therefore, of the highest importance for game providers in this genre. This paper presents machine learning-based models for predicting player churn in a free-to-play mobile game. The dataset on which the research is based is collected in cooperation with a European game developer and comprises over four years of player records of a game belonging to the multiple-choice storytelling genre. Our initial analysis shows that user churn is a very significant problem, with a large portion of the players engaging with the game only briefly, thus presenting a potentially huge revenue loss. Presented models for churn prediction are trained based on varying learning periods (1–7 days) to encompass both very short-term players and longer-term players. Further, the predicted churn periods vary from 1–7 days. Obtained results show accuracies varying from 66% to 95%, depending on the considered periods.


Objective: to know the care practices of nurses when caring for pregnant women and the cultural influence in this process. Methodology: it was an ethno-nursing, which was carried out with five nurses working in low-risk prenatal care, from primary health care in a city in Rio Grande do Sul. Data collection was developed from March to August of 2013, with participant observation and semi-structured interview. Results: the results of this study were analyzed according to Leininger and revealed the themes: "Low risk prenatal nursing care permeated by interaction" and "Nursing care permeated by culture". Conclusion: it was concluded that nursing care in low-risk prenatal care is involved in guidelines and information from scientific knowledge. It was noteworthy that cultural aspects were present in nursing actions, underpinning the alliance between scientific and popular knowledge, allowing the active participation of nurses in the care of pregnant women.


"Though thou shouldest bray a fool in a mortar among wheat with a pestle, yet will not his foolishness depart from him." satirizes human folly, but stresses its un curability (Fig. 1). In the far left back ground appears a man bowed under a heavy burden, a sack full of "grains of folly" that he carries to be ground (Fig. 2). He crosses a plank bridge leading to the water mill, and a second man prepares to follow. According to Bax, this image of —Proverbs 27:22


The present invention relates to a post-fed radar antenna, the antenna comprising: a feed for electromagnetic radiation; metamaterial panel for the feed conversion of electromagnetic waves radiated from the spherical electromagnetic planar electromagnetic wave, the super material includes a plurality of panels having the same refractive index profile of the core layer, the core layer comprises a plurality of each of the metamaterial unit, said base unit comprises a metamaterial unit and artificial microstructures, each of said core panel metamaterial refractive index layer is a circle with its center a circular distribution, and with the increase of the refractive index of the radius decreases, and the same refractive index at the same radius. The present invention is a post-fed radar antenna by changing the refractive index distribution of the material over the inside of the panel, so that the antenna far-field power greatly enhanced, thereby enhancing the propagation distance of the antenna, while the antenna through the internal cavity disposed one absorbent wave layer of material before and after the increase in the ratio of the antenna so that the antenna is more directional.


A tensorially consistent near-wall second-order closure model is formulated. Redistributive terms in the Reynolds stress equations are modelled by an elliptic relaxation equation in order to represent strongly non-homogeneous effects produced by the presence of walls; this replaces the quasi-homogeneous algebraic models that are usually employed, and avoids the need for ad hoc damping functions. A quasi-homogeneous model appears as the source term in the elliptic relaxation equation-here we use the simple Rotta return to isotropy and isotropization of production formulae. The formulation of the model equations enables appropriate boundary conditions to be satisfied. The model is solved for channel flow and boundary layers with zero and adverse pressure gradients. Good predictions of Reynolds stress components, mean flow, skin friction and displacement thickness are obtained in various comparisons to experimental and direct numerical simulation data. The model is also applied to a boundary layer flowing along a wall with a 90°, constant-radius, convex bend. Because the model is of a general, tensorially invariant form, special modifications for curvature effects are not needed; the equations are simply transformed to curvilinear coordinates. The model predicts many important features of this flow. These include: the abrupt drop of skin friction and Stanton number at the start of the curve, and their more gradual recovery after the bend; the suppression of turbulent intensity in the outer part of the boundary layer; a region of negative (counter-gradient) Reynolds shear stress; and recovery from curvature in the form of a Reynolds stress 'bore' propagating out from the surface. A shortcoming of the present model is that it overpredicts the rate of this recovery. A heat flux model is developed. It is shown that curvature effects on heat transfer can also be accounted for automatically by a tensorially invariant formulation.


The demand for beef consumption in Indonesia is increasing along with the increase in the human population. One of the ways to increase the cow population is through Artificial Insemination (IB) and Natural Mating Intensification (INKA). So, there is need for early identification of cow pregnancy so that the breeders can take further action more quickly. One of the fast methods to detect pregnancy in cows is using sulfuric acid. However, this method requires a high level of precision and discipline when using sulfuric acid because it is hard and can injure the skin. So, this paper presents about how to control of volume of sulfuric acid based on fuzzy logic to be applied in a detection tool of cow pregnancy using its urine. This research was conducted with the purpose of helping breeders to detect pregnant cows safely, efficiently, and easy to use. This test was carried out on CV. KARUNIA Kediri with 11 samples of cow urine. In this system there is an ultrasonic sensor to read the volume of urine in the reaction glass and keypad to enter the time of urine collection after IB. Both inputs are processed by microcontroller ATMEGA 2560 which is integrated with fuzzy logic system to activate the peristaltic pump where the length of time the peristaltic pump works determines the volume of sulfuric acid. The results showed that the application of fuzzy on volume control of sulfuric acid gave good performance. This tool works on urine volume of at least 60 ml and a maximum of 100 ml with a minimum urine collection time of 3 weeks and a maximum of 6 months after IB. Using fresh cow urine with a maximum storage limit of 1 hour after urine collection. The urine of pregnant cows will change color to purplish with a voltage value of 4.25-4.35 volt which is read by the infrared sensor. From the test result obtained, the duration of the cow pregnancy detection process is ± 2.5 minutes with 100% accuracy which has been compared with rectal palpation.


After the economic reform in 1978, Cina experienced a rapid economic growth. The open door policy strategy adopted on economic reforms succeeded in attracting many foreign investors in the sector of manufacture. Along with its status as a new power of the world economy, Cina is also ambitious to become the largest maritime power in the world. The Indian Ocean is a strategic area to strengthen Cina's steps to support economic needs and become a maritime power. To achieve strategic interests in the Indian Ocean Region, Cina joins as an IORA partner. Cina's effort to dominate at the IORA is not only to recruiting rival countries, but also to built strategic partnerships with the countries in the Indian Ocean region. Besides Pakistan and Myanmar, Cina has also established strategic partnerships with Iran, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. For strategic partner countries, Cina is seen as an alliance in strengthening politics in their country and is a supplier of military weapons and technology at affordable prices. This paper will explain the Cina's interests in the IORA and Cina's position compared to other IORA member countries, and also Cina's maritime strategy in the IORA. The results obtained are in the form of data showing that Cina has the potential to become a maritime power at the IORA. Keywords : emerging economy, IORA, maritime power.


The associative memory is one of the fundamental algorithms of information processing of the brain, which is characterized by such features as "learning through examples," "memory formation by Hebbian rule," and "ability of generalization." Since J. Hopfield proposed the autocorrelation associative memory and applied the analogy to the spin glass model in 1982, theoretical studies and simulations of neural network models of the associative memory revived and it was made clear that the memory capacity, the basin of attraction (the stability) of each memory pattern and the spurious memory are main problems. The Hopfield's original model uses the autocorrelation matrix and neurons with signum output function. The model is simple but has flaws in the above problems. Several models which improves these flaws were proposed. Most of them replace the simple autocorrelation matrix by more sophisticated structures. We have proposed a model which uses neurons with nonmonotonic output function and have shown by computer experiments that the association ability is improved remarkably by making effective use of the simple autocorrelation matrix [1]. The object of this study is to show theoretical bases of the improvement [2],[3]. We introduce a piecewise linear approximation of the nonmonotonic function f(u) shown in Fig. 1 and study the recalling process of the associative memory defined by the following differential equation: dui dt = ui + n Xj=1wijf(uj); wij = 1 n m X =1 s i s j ; (1) where n and m are the numbers of neurons and patterns, u = (u1 un) is internal potential and s = (s i s n) denote memory patterns whose elements are independent random variables taking 1 with equal probability.


Traditional gradient inversion has been widely used in airborne EM data processing.However,the inversions are seriously affected by the starting model and can be easily trapped in local minima.To solve these problems,we apply the trans-dimensional Bayesian inversion in our airborne EM data inversion.In trans-dimensional Bayesian inversion,the candidate models are randomly sampled from the proposed distribution and screened by the probability of acceptance.The probability distribution for the inversion models are finally obtained that contains parameter uncertainties.We further introduce the weighting coefficients to adjust the constraints on inverse models,so that the inversions for deep conductive layer are largely improved.In addition,based on the original sampling and accepting criteria,by improving the statistic method,in which only those models that fit the data are brought into statistics,the disturbances from unreasonable models are weakened.Finally,we prove the validity of the method by contrasting the inversion results of the synthetic data contaminated with gauss noise and field data with Occam method.


Initially the most common response to the Covid-19 crisis was the concentration of powers on executives and, in some compound systems, this concentration of powers also involved the centralization of powers on national/federal governments. Both the concentration of powers and its centralization have encroached the principle of self-government by dismantling it temporarily. The ease in which self-government was dismantled in some countries raises concerns on its solidness and on the actual capacity of some institutional systems to provide, by means of self-government, the accommodation and recognition of plurinationalism and diversity. In this chapter we examine the governmental reaction to the Covid-19 crisis in relation to self-government in five European plurinational countries: Switzerland, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Italy and Spain.


Research into the stylistic and structural origins of Islamic monumental funerary architecture in recent years has led scholars increasingly to emphasize the Shici role in the development of this type of structure. Despite serious and still largely unanswered objections to various aspects of this trend, a consensus had continued to build steadily among scholars of Islamic art and architecture as to the seemingly pivotal role Shicism played in the pro-


In this article, the authors examine how ownership status moderates the effects of stretch direction (up or down), brand image (prestige or nonprestige), and branding strategy (subbrand name or direct) on consumer responses to price-based line stretches. An "ownership effect" is proposed whereby owners have more favorable responses than nonowners to the brand's extensions. The ownership effect occurs for upward and downward stretches of non-prestige brands and for upward stretches of prestige brands. For downward stretches of prestige brands, however, the ownership effect does not occur because of owners' desire to maintain brand exclusivity. In this situation, a sub-branding strategy protects owners' parent brand attitudes from dilution. A field study and two lab studies confirm the hypotheses.


Complexes of acetylacetonatodichlorocyclopentadienyltitanium(IV) (1) and dichlorocyclopentadienyl(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)titanium(IV) (2) have been prepared and their crystal structures determined by X-ray diffraction methods. Complex 1 crystallizes in space group P21/m with a = 7.1893(10), b = 11.7680(17), c = 7.6129(11) Å, β = 109.901(12)°; complex 2 crystallizes in space group P21/n with a = 10.065(2), b = 16.322(3), c = 12.219(2) Å, β = 110.99(3)°. The molecular structures of 1 and 2 can be described as square-based pyramidal, with the centroid of the C5H5 ring occupying the apical site and the bidentate β-diketonate and two chloride ligands occupying the basal positions. The average distances between titanium and oxygen atoms are 1.991(2) and 1.967(3) Å in compounds 1 and 2, respectively.


The present work is devoted to the development of technological parameters for the hydrothermal processing of powdered sprouted wheat and justification of use of the powder produced as a food additive. Introduction of sprouts into the diet stimulates metabolism and hematopoiesis, boosts immunity, compensates for vitamin and mineral deficiency, normalizes the acid-alkaline balance, promotes the elimination of toxins from the body, stimulates digestion, and slows the aging process. The use of sprouted wheat grains in public catering is very limited due to the short shelf-life of this product. Storage of dried grains provides a solution for this problem; however, it necessitates the development of a technology for the use of dried sprouted wheat grain. The present study was a part of research on the powder produced from sprouted wheat and centered on the process of hydrothermal treatment of dry sprouted wheat powder. Conventional methods were used in the present work for the analysis of physical and chemical parameters. A range of factors, including the protein content of the powder, the degree of mechanical damage of the starch granules, and the pH value of the solution, affects the water absorption capacity of the powder produced from sprouted wheat. Treatment time, temperature, and mash ratio at pH 4.5 and pH 7.0 were varied in experiments performed to determine the optimum operating parameters of the hydrothermal processing. As a result of the study, an energy-efficient technology has been developed for the hydrothermal processing of powdered sprouted wheat grains. The following process parameters were selected: an optimum swelling temperature of 45°C, hydrothermal treatment duration of 60 min at pH 4.5, and an optimum mash ratio of 1:1.25.


China is currently experiencing a rapid development in urban mass
transit construction, which is very important to ease urban traffic iam. to
ameliorate environment and to improve comprehensive benefit. Combining with
the successful experiences in western countries and the exact situation in China
capital market, this paper probes into the financing mode for China MRT
infrastructure construction with relevant cases.


Objective: We describe the case of an 84-year-old man with a midbrain infarction causing pupil sparing oculomotor nerve palsy, with ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia diagnosed as Claude's syndrome. Methods: The patient was treated with Korean medicine, including herbal medicine, acupuncture, and electro-acupuncture, during 45 days of hospitalization. Improvements in the patient's symptoms and changes in ptosis were evaluated using the Korean version of the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Results: After 45 days of treatment with the Korean medicine, the patient's symptoms, including ataxia and ptosis, improved. Conclusions: This study suggests that the treatment with Korean medicine was effective in aiding the patient's recovery.


§ 1. The explanation of sound by the old philosophers was very obscure and confused, so much can be understood from their writings that have come down to us. Some were of the opinion, like Epicures [341-270 B. C.], that sound emanated from a pulsating body rather like the flow of a river; while others with the foremost of the Latin writers, believed with Aristotle, [384-322 B. C.] that sounds were formed from the breaking of the air which arose from the more violent collisions of bodies. Among the more recent commentaries, Honoré Fabri [1608-1688], and Descartes [1596-1650], discovered that sound consisted of tremors or vibrations of the air, but their reasoning concerning these vibrations were equally confused. Newton [1643-1727], with the sharpest of minds, considered the matter with more care, and undertook to set forth an explanation especially for the propagation of sound, truly with much more success. A determined effort has been made [by me] to grasp the difficult matters involved in an understanding of the nature of sound, which are set out in the two chapters of this dissertation. In the first chapter it becomes apparent, after some careful thought, what the nature of sound really is, and how it is propagated from one place to another. Moreover, in the following chapter, three sources of sound are to be considered. § 2. However, before this work on sound is undertaken, certain facts relating to air in the generation of sound are first to be related. I regard air as consisting of small globules, in a state of compression from the incumbent atmospheric weight, and this compression is relieved to a great extent with elevation, as the force of compression diminishes with height, so that the particles can restore themselves to their natural state. Thus, the weight of the air above compresses the air below, and the air globules are not allowed to be extended. The elastic force of compression on the air globules is equal to the weight of the atmosphere; on account of which one can measure this force by experiment, which truly is equal to the maximum weight of the atmosphere present. This weight is equal to a column of mercury of height 2460 scruples or thousandths of Rhenish feet [One Rhenish foot is equal to 313.8355 mm], and I will always adhere to these measurements in the following text; if the atmosphere has a …


The article discusses research pertaining to executive decision making. Specifically researchers studied how executives decided whether or not the choice of a strategy should be reconsidered. The research indicated that the cycle of six months was an essential ingredient of financial success. This time period was utilized to avoid the pitfall of reacting too hastily to erractic fluctuations in the market. The practice is known as temporal pacing. Temporal pacing is believed to safeguard against waiting too long for favorable turns in external factors.


Long‐term protective immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) remains poorly characterized, particularly in solid organ transplant (SOT) patients.


In the current scenario when there is so much unrest, turmoil and violence due to cultural differences and terrorism the world over , there is a need of developing the need of peace among our students. Student teachers need to be made aware of the importance of peace education as they are the medium through which a peace culture can be built. In the B.Ed. course educational philosophy of Indian philosophers like Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore and Swami Vivekananda is a part of the Paper on Philosophical foundations of Education. They have stood for non-violence, international brotherhood and peace. Does discussing their philosophy have an impact on the perception of peace of the students? To seek an answer to this question a study was conducted to see the pre and post scores of perception of peace of student teachers. The sample selected for the study was the 100 students of the B.Ed. course of batch 2012-13 of Hansraj Jivandas College of Education. The tool that was used was a combination of open and closed ended questions in the form of a questionnaire. It was administered at the beginning of the year . At the end of the lectures the questionnaire was administered again. Percentages of the responses were calculated. A comparison of the both the test results were made to see if one can observe a change in the perception of peace of the students. The purpose of the study was to throw light on the impact of Indian philosophers in helping build the right attitude towards peace culture among the future teachers.


PLA1(phospholipase A1) was immobilizied by the methods of microcapsule. There studied the meathods of immobilization,immobilized carriers and dependence between recovery of enzyme activity and conditions of immobilizied PLA1. The results showed that the condition of microcapsule for immobilizied PLA1 were the chitosan(DD%=85%,Mw=1.3×105)concentration 1.5%,alginate concentration 3%,glutaradehyde concentration 1%,Ca2+ concentration 0.5moL/L,pH=6,Finally getting recovery of enzyme activity 81% and T1/2=350h.


The study examines Pat Robertson's use of The 700 Club television program to establish and sustain celebrity status and in turn to promote partisan politics through seemingly objective news accounts. The findings indicate that The 700 Club news segments consistently rely on narrative techniques that mask Robertson's intensely partisan content and provide what Kenneth Burke terms symbolic medicine for his particular audience.


Influenced by the traditional idea of "Poetry is what gets lost is translation",many scholars and the translators think that poetry cannot be translated.This article,taking two English versions of "Mulan Ci" as the example,analyzes and comments the "romantic charm,musical charm,form charm"represented in the versions.It aims to prove the translatability of poetry.


The widespread adoption of the IEEE/ISO standard for binary floating point arithmetic has brought a measure of order to the chaos of technical computation. Persistent complaints about claculator design, spreadsheet implementations, and about computational software generally, demonstrate that general computation suffers from the lack of similar support. Composite arithmetic, as outlined in a paper recently published by the IEEE, addresses these broader issues. However, composite arithmetic could also be a basis for inproving technical programs. This paper contrats the use of floating point arithmetic and composite arithmetic in technical computation.


Penicillin-streptomycin (Pen-strep) is a common antibiotic used to prevent bacterial infection in cell culture and clinical treatment. Current research found pen-strep increased macrophage modulus but limited influence on cell adhesion. Phalloidin statin image indicates pen-strep mediate cell morphology on different extracellular matrix coated surface. The roundness analyzes further illustrated pen-strep promote cell spread on PDMS rubber, type I collagen, laminin, poly amino acid, poly-RGD peptides. Finally, YAP-1 and TAZ upregulation and β1 integrin downregulation may be the causes of cell elasticity and mechano-response to extracellular matrix (ECM) change.


In this paper, the meander line antenna (MLA) have been designed to operate at 915MHz for RFID application. HFSS software is used for simulation designed process. The performance degradation of tag antenna due to its arc curving is investigated. The impedance, gain and maximum working distance of the designed antenna during bending was obtained.


We report on recent research activities of our group on several photonic biosensors. The silicon-oninsulator (SOI) material platform and deep UV lithography is used to fabricate photonic structures for label-free detection of bio-molecular interactions and for tissue imaging [1]. For label free sensors, several approaches are being investigated: ring resonators, slotted waveguides and surface plasmon interferometry. Additionally, we investigate basic SOI photonic structures for optical coherence tomography (OCT) components for tissue imaging. We demonstrated simultaneous detection of multiple antibodies in a highly specific way based on microring resonator arrays. We will discuss important considerations for high throughput sensing with silicon-oninsulator photonics, including detection limit, microfluidics packaging, receptor binding through a thin poly ethylene glycol layer, and camera based parallel readout. We introduce simultaneous measurement of refractive index and thickness of thin molecular layers, used to study conformational biomolecular changes [2]. We numerically optimized SOI slot waveguides for label-free biosensing of proteins and will present a slotwaveguide-based ring resonator in SOI with a footprint of only 13 μm x 10 μm. Experiments showed that it has 298 nm/RIU sensitivity and a detection limit of 4.2x 10 RIU for refractive index changes of the complete top cladding. We prove that surface chemistry for selective label-free sensing of proteins can be applied inside a 100 nmwide slot region and demonstrated that the application of a slot waveguide instead of a normal waveguide increases the sensitivity of an SOI ring resonator with a factor 3.5 for the detection of proteins [3]. Evanescent field sensors provide another means for the label-free detection of target molecules and for real-time monitoring of solutions and binding events that occur near the sensor surface. Experimental evidence supporting the use of a surface-plasmon interferometer as a biosensor is presented. The device is shown to be capable of bulk refractive index sensing (bulk refractometry) and has a spectral interrogation sensitivity of 315.145 nm/ RIU. Qualitative agreement between measurement results and theoretical data has been obtained. Furthermore, we have shown this device is capable of detecting bulk refractive index changes, a first and indispensable step toward label-free biosensing. The measured blueshift, although not yet as large as theoretically predicted, shows the potential of this device to be used as a sensitive and label-free bio-sensor [4]. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an non-invasive, 3D imaging modality that is analogous to ultrasound but instead of using sound waves it uses broadband light and measures the echo time delay of backscattered photons. Typically, OCT can image tissue cross sections with 10 micron resolution at depths exceeding 2 cm in transparent tissues (human eye, animal embryos) and 2-3 mm in highly scattering (nontransparent) tissues, such as the skin. Miniaturization of OCT has the potential to expand its applications and serve other areas in health care and industry. We present a basic Micheson interferometer in SOI for OCT. Integrated components designed for OCT in SOI can significantly reduce the size of the system [5].


A zero flow, fully three-dimensional, variable impedance, rectangular duct aeroacoustics code that spans the frequency spectrum of interest in duct liner research is developed. The governing equations and boundary conditions in the duct are solved numerically using the finite element methodology. The methodology makes use of a state-of-the-art, sparse equation solver to obtain the capability to study high-frequency sound waves that may require millions of grid points for resolution. Noise suppression levels predicted from the code are in excellent agreement with those obtained from mode theory. The single-processor performance of the solver, relative to that of the more commonly used band solver, increases with frequency. At a frequency of 17 kHz, the band solver is 4.25 times slower and consumes 2.5 times more memory than the fully sparse equation solver. The duct aeroacoustics code is combined with an optimization algorithm and used successfully to educe the impedance spectrum of a ceramic liner. The primary problem with using the methodology to perform optimization studies at frequencies above 14 kHz is excessive central processor unit time. The results support the recommendation that research be directed toward exploitation of the multiprocessor capability of the solver to further reduce central processor unit time.


Despite its originality, which sets it apart from Arab Beduin nomadism, "mobile" pastoralism in Iran is not a uniform phenomenon. Its regional variants, described herein in relation to seven principal types, stem from conditions having to do with ecosystems and historical circumstances. Together, these two factors have shaped distinct systems based, in particular, on different ways of holding pastureland. Development policies must take this diversity into account and not try to apply the same formulae everywhere.


Summary Mid nineteenth-century sketches of paintings then in the vaults of the Trinity Chapel ambulatory of Canterbury Cathedral are published for the first time. They provide an opportunity to discuss the iconographic programme and style of the lost paintings. Kings of England and local saints were among those represented in commemoration of the translation of the relics of Becket to the Trinity Chapel in July 1220. The date of 1220 which seems to be given in an inscription is confirmed by comparison with a Canterbury Psalter of before 1220, and sculptures at Wells.


The broadcast domain of wireless communication is very effective in distributing information to large audiences. In this work, an efficient data broadcast has been scheduled from a server to many clients using the broadcast disk model and a simple two-channel broadcast model are examined to present some interesting scheduling results for this model.


In this paper, we determined some mechanical properties of a new category of green composites, based on tensile tests. More precisely, we selected a set of samples from a new bio-resin based on Dammar and two sets of samples from green-composites with matrix by bio-resin and reinforced with almost compact layers of Typha latifolia or Schoenoplectus lacustris. For these built materials, we obtained the characteristic curve, tensile strength, percentage elongation after fracture and elasticity modulus. In addition, for each sample, we observed the breakage area with an electronic microscope. The roughness profile parameters for a bio-resin specimen were determined. Based on the EDS analysis we obtained the chemical structure of the bio-resin. Finally, based on the properties of these green-composites, we proposed a few applications in civil engineering and medical fields.


The utility model provides a portable mobile power supply, which comprises an upper cover, a bottom shell, a charging indication clamp, a lighting lamp and corresponding switches, wherein the upper cover and the bottom shell are fastened by a rim positioned between the upper cover and the bottom shell to form an outer shell; a storage battery is arranged in the outer shell; a charging socket for self-charging and a charging port for charging other electronic products are formed on the outer shell; an accommodating slot is reserved on the inner side of the bottom shell, and is communicated with the charging port; a charging device is arranged in the accommodating slot, and comprises a charging joint and a flexible charging wire; the charging joint is electrically connected with the storage battery; and one end of the flexible charging wire is connected with the charging joint, and the other end of the flexible charging wire is connected with an adapter. The portable mobile power supply has a small structure, is convenient to take, has a function of supplying power to different electronic products, and can be used as a flashlight because of the lighting lamp.


The domain contribution to the aging characteristics of BaTiO3 (BTO) ceramics in a DC electric field was quantitatively investigated using microwave dielectric spectroscopy. The BTO aging effect was related to its domain size (DS): the reduction in the apparent permittivity by the DC electric field, Δε, increased with decreasing BTO DS. Inspection of the microwave dielectric spectra revealed that dipole polarization governed the overall aging effect regardless of the BTO DS, and that the ionic and electronic polarizations contributions were small. Substitutional loading of acceptor Mg2+ into the Ti4+ site decreased the BTO's DS because defect pairs consisting of Mg Ti ″ and its counterpart V O · · acted as nucleation sites for new domain walls. Magnesium-loaded BTO (Mg-BTO) had smaller Δε values (attributed to dipole polarization) than BTO for similar DS. The Mg Ti ″ – V O · · defect complex effectively clamped the domain walls, thereby suppressing domain wall migration in the presence of an electric field. The measured permittivity decrease under a DC field was 423 for BTO but 246 for Mg-BTO with a similar DS, corresponding to a 41.8% improvement.