It is well known that an electric (as well as a magnetic) field exists in a reference frame moving relative to a dc circuit that appears to be electrically neutral in its own rest frame. The source of this field is customarily treated as a continuous charge density, which appears in the moving frame as a consequence of the fact that charge and current densities are separate components of a four‐vector, which become mixed under the operation of a Lorentz transformation. It is possible to analyze this situation in a different way, by considering the superposed Lienard–Wiechert fields of a large number of moving point charges in the limit that their spacing becomes infinitesimal. While this analysis is not as simple as the standard one, it does expose some interesting physics that is masked by the standard treatment. It is also a useful approach in resolving a paradox that appears to occur when charge and current densities are treated as static objects.


Using data collected with the OPAL detector at LEP, we have searched for the processes e(+)e(-) --> Z(0) --> pe(-),p mu(-) and the charge conjugate final-states. These would violate the conservation of the baryon-number B, lepton-number L and the fermion-number n = (B + L). No evidence for such decays has been found, and the 95% confidence level upper limits on the partial widths Gamma(Z(0) --> pe) and Gamma(Z(0) --> p mu) are found to be 4.6 and 4.4 keV respectively. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


To deal with the uncertainties in modeling offshore wind turbines, we propose a parameter inversion method for the pile–soil interaction model based on structural health monitoring results and the numerical model. The proposed parameter inversion method has a numerical model, an objective function selected using both the numerical and identified results, and an inverse optimization using a random search algorithm in the assumed parameter space. The parameter results in the minimum optimization objective function are identified as the in situ parameter. The proposed method is confirmed to converge after some number of iterations, depending on what the initial parameter values are. However, different initial parameter cases may converge to slightly different optimal parameters, implying that the pile results are sensitive to geological parameters. Moreover, a comparison with the original design results shows design redundancy or risks. Though the proposed method has several flaws, it can shed light on the influence of parameter uncertainties on offshore wind turbines.


To minimize hair-destruction caused by permanent wave it is necessary to remove the reducing agent carefully by extensive rinsing. By using a simple, standardized assay with 5,5-dithio-bis-nitrobenzoate (DTNB) it is possible to test the efficiency of the rinsing procedure even under the conditions of the hairdressers salon. First results with this assay are surprising. Though the rinsing times given by the manufacturers of alkaline wave preparations are sufficient in principle, in practice they are frequently insufficient. The so-called acid waves poses a special problem in this respect: neither the prolonged rinsing times given by some manufacturers nor the usual practice results in sufficient rinsing. The remaining reducing agent not only destabilizes wave and structure of the hair, but also increases the risk of sensitization


For a 4-wheel steering(4WS) electric wheel vehicle, the control strategy of 4WS and differential steering (4WS-DS) cooperative control is studied in this paper. Based on the idea of hierarchical control, the cooperative control of 4WS-DS is divided into motion control and control distribution layer. In the motion control layer, a 7 degree of freedom (DOF) vehicle model and a sliding mode controller are established to calculate the additional yaw moment required to maintain vehicle stability based on the error between the actual and reference states of the vehicle. In the control distribution layer, a cooperative controller of 4WS-DS is established, and the working areas of 4WS and DS control are divided according to the sideslip angle. Then, the additional yaw moment is optimally distributed to each wheel using weighted least squares. Taking the sine input of ISO7401:2011 standard as the working condition, the simulation by Matlab/Simulink shows that compared with the 4WS and DS control strategy, the sideslip angle is reduced by 68%, and the yaw rate is reduced by 33.3%.


Our world is under siege by a viral disease, named Corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted directly from person to person by respiratory droplets through coughing, droplet inhalation transmission, sneezing, and indirectly through contact transmission with oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes contact. It can also be transmitted to others through the fecal–oral routes and the saliva.1 In addition, it was confirmed that cases without symptoms can spread the virus.2-3


IT service providers in India have been increasingly concerned about competitive threat to their export business from emergingfirms in China. The world over competition is being replaced by co-opetition. Competitors are becoming global in their view of service markets and are driven by demand from buyers for dealing with well-known trusted and large service brands. Alliance with Chinese firms will allow scale and risk diversification for Indian vendors to compete as global brands. Opportunity for achieving scale of operations emerge from projections of the Chinese software market size to grow to $22-27 billion' by year 2006 from $5.024 billion in 2000. Risk diversification opportunity exists in the form of expanding markets to Japan and South Korea. A word of caution is that the hype surrounding China will eventually subside. A hype cycle Model enumerates why the predicted revenues might not be realised due to government policies and economic turmoil, hence entry strategy should be well timed. We suggest entry in 2004 as appropriate timing for Indian MNCs. On the other hand the perceived threat of China emerging as an alternative outsourcing base is not substantiated by facts. Based on current data we estimate an acute shortage in skilled labour. India too will face skill shortages to a lesser degree. We recommend process innovation in software development methodologies as a strategy for meeting the projected supply shortages. Finally, companies are likely to face internal challenges. The genesis of these challenges lie in its implementation part and top management vision. A balanced scorecard has been evolved for IT companies to link strategies with critical success factors and generate key performance measures for internal strength of the organisation. The paper tries to make certain recommendations which are emerged during the discussions with various CEOs of different companies.


In South Africa Transport and Allied Workers Union (SATAWU) and Others v Moloto NO and Another CCT 128/11 [2012] ZACC 19, SATAWU sought leave to appeal against the judgement of the Supreme Court of Appeal in Equity Aviation Services (Pty) Ltd v South African Transport and Allied Workers Union 2012 (2) SA 177 (SCA), which construed the provisions of s64(1)(b) of the Act as obliging every employee who intends to embark on a strike to notify his or her employer of their intention personally or through a representative of the protected strike action.


In this paper we present an approach for extracting interpretable information granules for classification. The approach, called DCγ (double clustering with genetic algorithms) is based on two clustering steps. The first step uses LVQ1 to identify cluster prototypes in the multidimensional data space so as to represent hidden relationships among data. In the second step a genetic algorithm is applied to the projections of these prototypes with the objective of finding a minimal number of fuzzy information granules that verify some interpretability constraints. The key feature of DCγ is the efficiency of the minimization process carried out in the second step. Experimental results on two medical diagnosis problems show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of accuracy, interpretability and efficiency.


During the Restoration era, a number of popular militias were created by monarchical regimes, in France, Spain, Portugal and various Italian states. Th ese various experiences have not received the same attention from historians as the civic militias implemented by the Revolution and then by the liberal monarchies. Inspired by the latter but also by older precedents, these royalist popular militias were to demonstrate the ability of conservative regimes to mobilize the people and fi ght liberalism with its own weapons. Th eir importance was therefore both symbolic, as a demonstration of the loyalty and support of the popular masses, and practical, providing more extensive, cheaper and sometimes more reliable forces than regular armies to guarantee order and control the contesting oppositions. Th eir recruitment and manpower thus provide instruments for measuring active popular support for traditional monarchies.


An experimental investigation was carried out concerning the effect of jet heating and external flow on the mean flow properties of a subsonic jet. A 60 mm diameter jet was tested in a wind tunnel at wind speeds of 0 and 60 m/s. Jet mach numbers varied between O.44 and 0.94 and jet total temperatures were 310 and 86O K. Velocity and temperature profiles in the jet were determined for op to 20 nozzle diameters downstream. Jet Reynolds numbers based on nozzle diameter were larger than 4 x 10/5 which is considered high enough to obtain results which are independent of Reynolds number. Semi-empirical relations were obtained for the center line velocity decay, the location of the jet boundary and the direction of the streamlines at the jet boundary. From these relations the shortcomings of simulation of a hot engine exhaust jet by a cold air jet in wind tunnel experiments can be estimated.


Abstract 3443 Poster Board III-331 Introduction The first Phase I-II clinical trial of oxaliplatin, fluradabine, cytarabine (Ara-C), and rituximab (OFAR1) demonstrated significant activity in refractory CLL and RS (Tsimberidou et al , J Clin Oncol, 2008;26:196). To enhance the response rate and decrease myelosuppression, the dose of oxaliplatin was increased to 30mg daily, the dose of Ara-C was decreased to 0.5g/m 2 daily and the optimal number of days of fluradabine and Ara-C administration was explored (OFAR2). Methods In a Phase I-II study of OFAR2, patients were treated with oxaliplatin 30mg/m 2 , D1-4; fludarabine 30mg/m 2 , Ara-C 0.5g/m 2 ; rituximab 375mg/m 2 , D3; and pelfigrastim 6mg, D6. Fludarabine and Ara-C were given on D2-3 (dose level 1) D2-4 (dose level 2) or D2-5 (dose level 3); courses were repeated every 4 weeks. Patients received prophylaxis for tumor lysis, DNA viruses, and PCP. A "3+3" design was used and the planned number of patients in the Phase II was 90 (CLL, 60; RS, 30). Results Ninety-one patients (CLL, 67; RS, 24) have been treated to date: Phase I, 12 patients (by dose level: 1, n=3; 2, n=6; and 3, n=3). DLTs were noted in 2 of 3 patients on dose level 3 (G4 diarrhea, 1; G4 neutropenic sepsis, 1); thus, dose level 2 was the MTD. Seventy-nine patients (relapsed CLL, 58; RS, 19) have been treated in the Phase II portion of the study. Patient characteristics were as follows: age > 60 years, 65%; 17p deletion, 38%; 11q deletion, 13%; 13q deletion, 16%; trisomy 12, 21%; no findings, 12%; unmutated IgVH, 80%; ZAP70-positive, 75%; and CD38 ≥30%, 58%. Response in patients treated in the Phase II recommended dose is shown in Table (evaluable, 67). The overall response rates in patients with 17p and 11q deletions were 48% and 55%, respectively. The median survival duration was 21 months (CLL, 21 months; RS, 9.5 months). At 18 months, the survival rates in patients with 17p and 11q deletions were 66% and 76%, respectively. Twelve patients underwent stem cell transplantation after OFAR2 (as post-remission therapy, n=10; as salvage, n=2). Overall, 196 cycles were administered. Grade 3-4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia were noted in 63%, 72%, and 39% of patients and in 57%, 70%, and 25% of cycles and Grade 3-4 infections in 19% of patients. Conclusion Preliminary results demonstrated that OFAR2 induced response in 40% of patients with RS and 63% of patients with relapsed/refractory CLL. OFAR2 had antileukemic activity in patients with 17p deletion. Clinical outcomes appeared to be superior to those of OFAR1 in refractory CLL, whereas results of OFAR1 appeared to be superior to those of OFAR2 in RS. Accrual is ongoing. Disclosures Tsimberidou: ASCO: ASCO Career Development Award; Sanofi: Research Funding. Off Label Use: Oxaliplatin is used off-label. Wierda: Genentech: Honoraria; Bayer, Sanofi-Aventis, Abbott, GSK: Research Funding; GSK, Trubion, Ligand, Genentech, Medimmune, Abbot: Consultancy; Celgene: Speakers Bureau. Plunkett: Sanofi-Aventis: Research Funding. O9Brien: Genentech: Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy. Kipps: NCI: Grant P01CA-81534.


ABSTRACT Bacillus altitudinis strain SGAir0031 (Firmicutes) was isolated from tropical air samples collected in Singapore. Its genome was assembled using short reads and single-molecule real-time sequencing, comprising one chromosome with 3.81 Mb and one plasmid with 32 kb. The genome consists of 3,820 protein-coding genes, 81 tRNAs, and 24 rRNAs.


We described a system to assist physicians in making complex and morally difficult decisions triaging scarce critical care resources in times of extreme distress of their healthcare systems in our article (1), recently published in Critical Care Medicine. Our article is accompanied by an editorial with inaccurate and troubling assertions (2). Zivot (2) sees the role of the triage officer as an executioner instead of a rescuer. He blames the rescuer of rationing when trying to reduce the harm caused by an overwhelming pandemic and/or previous hospital or government decisions and lack of preparedness. Avoiding the need for triage should be the highest priority for governments and those coordinating the response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (3). Being unable to offer care when the resource does not exist is not killing. There is a fundamental and obvious difference between triaging patients with a greater likelihood of surviving to save more patients than directly killing them. Triaging patients is part of standard critical care practice with examples of prioritization for organ transplantation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The poor outcomes observed in many disasters are often the result of inaction and poor implementation of the necessary measures required to prevent or mitigate the impact of disasters (4). We address one aspect of implementation of necessary measures to mitigate the potentially disastrous impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Every element of our algorithm (performance score, ASA score, and organ failures) has a correlation with mortality. As they predict mortality, if appropriately used to triage patients, they will save lives overall. The suggestion by Zivot (2) for the first-come first-serve system is a form of lottery to assure that people are treated equally, but in fact saves less people. Our algorithm uses exclusion and inclusion criteria and four different priorities to triage patients. It is only when there is a tie that saving the most life-years is used. Using most life-years allows for the saving of more lives because of acute and chronic illness and has nothing to do with the elderly consuming life they no longer deserve. We clearly state that what is important is physiologic and not chronological age (1). We are not allowing older individuals to die because of their age, but rather, we are using objective medical criteria to define survivability, anyone of any age who has a lesser likelihood to survive. Giving preference to the young is widely acknowledged as not necessarily being equivalent to age discrimination based on the "fair innings" or "life cycle" approach (5). Life support decisions are complex and demand extensive medical, logistical, and systems knowledge. Prioritizing and triaging life-supporting systems especially during pandemics when some patients who might ordinarily be saved cannot be saved is stressful and creates substantial moral distress (6). Our policy does not propose that clinicians refuse to treat patients because of moral distress, as suggested by Zivot (2). We recommend objective protocols to assist the implementation of triage decisions and thereby decrease the provider's moral distress. Charles L. Sprung, MD1


^ u , after all, the impression will remain that all we know and need o know about gout and rheumatic gout might be imparted in eT.?5.Pa^es an(l with less trespass upon the life-space of the reader. ibis new edition of this well-known and very valuable treatise on gout contains additional matter by the author, drawn from the experience of several years since the previous edition appeared, and it


The present invention relates to a semiconductor chip package, the lower surface of the semiconductor chip in a predetermined integrated circuit is formed and electrically connected by wire bonding is attached to the upper surface of the inner lead to the semiconductor chip and the inner leads and the bonding wires so as to contain and sealed by the package body in the inner leads integral with the semiconductor chip package external leads are projecting with respect to the package body, the inner lead includes a plurality of recesses in the direction in which the resin is introduced at the interface portion to be attached to the semiconductor chip, this is characterized in that it is formed. Accordingly, because it does not interfere with the flow of the molding resin to form a groove in the inner leads attached to the semiconductor chip molded by the resin is passed through the groove to inhibit the generation of eddy current. The incomplete molding, or the like inside the pores due to the eddy current can be prevented accordingly. Therefore, it is possible to avoid reliability lowering mechanical strength such as to prevent the package cracks due to molding imperfections which occur when a test in advance. In addition, the present invention can increase the bonding strength between the inner lead and the package body being a molding resin filled in the groove of the inner lead.


Part I. Basic Principles and Recent Advances: 1. Nitric oxide: introduction and historical background 2. Synthesis and properties of nitric oxide 3. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide 4. Nitric oxide in the central nervous system 5. Nitric oxide in the peripheral nervous system 6. Nitric oxide in the immune system Part II. Pathological Implications of Nitric Oxide: Introduction 7. Type II NOS and immune inflammatory disorders 8. Type III NOS and cardiovascular disease 9. Type I NOS and disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems Summary Part III. Experimental Approaches: 10. Biochemistry and molecular biology 11. Pharmacology 12. Microscopy Part IV. Protocols and Techniques: 13. Measurement of nitric oxide 14. Measurement of nitric oxide synthase activity 15. Pharmacology 16. Microscopy Appendix I. Distribution of constitutive nitrogen oxide synthase in animal organs/tissues Appendix II. Peripheral tissues and organs in which nitric oxide has been identified as a neurotransmitter References.


As dependence of Chinese oil on import has continued to increase since 1993,the safety of oil import sources is becoming particularly important.We established the risk model of oil import sources based on the Herfindahl index and Markowitz portfolio model,and by using the relative data on major oil import and export countries in the world from year 2008 to 2010,we studied the correlation between diversification of oil import sources and the risks.The results showed:(1) the risk of oil import sources in China is higher than that in United States,but lower than that in Japan and other Asian countries,and Chinese oil import sources are better risk resistant;(2) the diversification of oil import sources have significant positive correlation with the risks of oil import sources.In conclusion,both the diversification and risks of oil import sources are on a downward trend in China,which indicates that China has paid much more attention on energy security than ever.


Velocity data were collected on five dates (two in 1997 and three in 1999) at numerous locations along the C-111 Canal in the Everglades.


The Method of Disjoined Literature-based Knowledge Discovery was given by Swanson in 1986.Now the method was using on information science and medical science,the influence of the method is expanding steadily.The method can be used on humanities also,It was proved by Cort's research already.A viewpoint of this academic thesis: There is a different between Humanities study and natural science study,the study of Humanities must based on history.The limitation of the method of Disjoined Literature-based Knowledge Discovery what was used on Humanities from the angle of history was discussed.


In recent years Boolean Algebra has come to play a prominent role in the analysis and synthesis of switching circuits [1; 4]. One general synthesis problem in which this algebra has proved useful is the following. Let there be given n input leads each of which can assume one of two possible states. It is desired to construct a network with these n input leads and a single output lead also capable of assuming either of two states. Furthermore, the state of the output lead for each of the 2n states of the input leads is prescribed.


Electroluminescence excited by infrared radiation has been observed in GaP light‐emitting diodes (LED's) at low temperatures providing a new efficient method to convert infrared radiation within a broad spectral range into visible light. Using 10.6‐μm radiation of a CO2 laser an up‐conversion quantum efficiency of 3.4×10−6 was found. If a low dark current photomultiplier is employed to detect the LED emission the dominant noise source is due to conversion of thermal background radiation yielding a noise equivalent power of NEP=1.6×10−9 W/Hz1/2.


A demand function for grazing on western public rangelands is estimated. Since the federal government sets the grazing fee and rations the quantity of Animal Unit Months (AUMs), a disequilibrium market model is developed. The estimate of own-price elasticity of demand (-0.178) suggests a 0.82 percent revenue gain for a 1 percent fee increase. Results show that most western states experienced excess supply of AUMs since the mid-1980s, suggesting a relatively high fee. The levels of demand and effective supply vary substantially across states; this implies that state- or region-specific factors should be incorporated in setting the grazing fee.


INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 380 I. AVOIDING GRIDLOCK: A FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM FOR THE TELECOM INDUSTRY IS A GRIDLOCKED REGULATORY PROCESS........................................................... 381 A. General Reasons for Regulatory Gridlock.......................... 384 B. Telecom Act As a Specific Cause of Gridlock ................... 384 II. REDUCING REGULATORY GRIDLOCK WILL ENCOURAGE TELECOM RECOVERY ...................................... 387 A. Reduce Gridlock By Adopting And Then Following Guiding Principles And Policies ........................................ 387 B. Reduce Gridlock By Deregulating Retail Services ............. 389 C. Reduce Gridlock By Resolving All Carrier-to-Carrier Issues Only Through Interconnection Agreements and Commercial Arbitration, Never By Regulators .................. 391 D. Reduce Gridlock By Developing Better Evidence Through Experiments ........................................................ 394 E. Reduce Gridlock By Streamlining Remaining Regulatory Processes........................................................... 396 III. ADAPTING TO CHANGE: REGULATION MUST ADAPT QUICKLY TO DIFFERENT AND CHANGING MARKET CIRCUMSTANCES ..................................................................... 398 A. Circumstances Vary Widely By Geographic Market ......... 399 B. Circumstances May Change Substantially Over Time ...... 401 IV. IF NEW LEGISLATION IS NEEDED, REPEAL THE 1934 ACT AND START FROM SCRATCH WITH A SIMPLE, ADAPTABLE LAW..................................................................... 403 A. Principles for a New Telecom Law .................................... 404


PURPOSE: A substitutive natural patterned wood for lapping and the manufacturing method thereof are provided which can solve not only defects such as knars and sugarpockets in natural patterned woods, but also drawbacks such as a high price, the process of book matched splicing, and the supply bottleneck caused by sudden demand. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of a substitutive natural patterned wood for lapping, comprises manufacturing basic patterned woods(S100); connecting the patterned woods to lengthways(S110); pressing and adhering a nonwoven fabric on the back of the resultant patterned woods of a roll shape(S120); polishing the basic patterned woods with the nonwoven fabric(S130); dying and patterning the upside of the basic patterned woods through a printing roller which has the dye of wood color and the unevenness of wood pattern on the surface(S140).


Background/Aims: Spinal dorsal horn (SDH) is one of the most important regions for analgesia produced by endomorphin-2 (EM2), which has a higher affinity and specificity for the µ-opioid receptor (MOR) than morphine. Many studies have focused on substantia gelatinosa (SG, lamina II) neurons to elucidate the cellular basis for its antinociceptive effects. However, the complicated types and local circuits of interneurons in the SG make it difficult to understand the real effects of EM2. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of EM2 on projection neurons (PNs) in lamina I. Methods: Tracing, immunofluoresence, and immunoelectron methods were used to examine the morphological connections between EM2-immunoreactive (-ir) terminals and PNs. By using in vitro whole cell patch clamp recording technique, we investigated the functional effects of EM2 on PNs. Results: EM2-ir afferent terminals directly contacted PNs projecting to the parabrachial nucleus in lamina I. Their synaptic connections were further confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy, most of which were asymmetric synapses. It was found that EM2 had a strong inhibitory effect on the frequency, but not amplitude, of the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) of the spinoparabrachial PNs in lamina I, which could be reversed by MOR antagonist CTOP. However, their spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSC) and intrinsic properties were not changed after EM2 application. Conclusion: Applying EM2 to the SDH could produce analgesia through inhibiting the activities of the spinoparabrachial PNs in lamina I by reducing presynaptic neurotransmitters release from the primary afferent terminals.


The polymorphic phase behavior of mixtures of synthetic dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and the influence of cholesterol on these phase preferences have been investigated by employing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. In particular, 31P NMR procedures are utilized to study the overall phase preferences of these mixed systems, whereas 2H NMR is employed to monitor the structural preferences of individual components of these systems by using versions of DOPE and DOPC which are deuterium (2H) labeled at the CI1 position of the acyl chains. The results obtained show that DOPE-DOPC systems containing as little as 20 mol % DOPC initially assume lamellar structure at 40 OC, even though


It is argued that entrepreneurship education focuses on instilling critical life skills that would improve students' capacity to work in the real world. The study looked at the impact of entrepreneurship education on the business success of women entrepreneurs in Awka, Nigeria's Anambra State. A survey research design was employed with a population of 1200 registered entrepreneurial women in Awka. According to the Enterprise Agency of Nigeria (EAN), there are 1200 registered women entrepreneurs in Awka. The population was further reduced to 300 as a sample size using Yamane's (1967) formula . A questionnaire was used to source data. Regression was used in analyzing the formulated hypothesis. It was publicized that entrepreneurship education has a positive and major effect on the business success of women entrepreneurs in Awka. It was resolved that entrepreneurship education is a vital tool used by entrepreneurial women in Awka to achieve their business success and increase the growth of their businesses. The study recommended among others that more entrepreneurial opportunities be created by education stakeholders as this will ensure social justice, instills confidence in and build the entrepreneurial mindset of the women thereby stimulating the economy. Further research is expected to be carried out on entrepreneurship education and profitability of women entrepreneurs in Nigeria.


The focus of this paper is two-fold. First, the shear wave velocity, Poisson's ratio, and optical absorption coefficient of a thin glass plate will be estimated using a Nd: YAG pulsed laser. Second, the combined influence that an ablative and thermoelastic source has on the elastic wave form generated by a pulsed laser will be investigated. Thermoelastic waves are introduced into a sample when a portion of the laser's energy is optically absorbed along the depth of the specimen causing a steep thermal gradient. Neglecting the effects of heat conduction, the thermoelastic displacements are determined by solving the uncoupled displacement equations of thermoelasticity. As the laser's energy is increased, a thin layer of atoms at the sample's surface is vaporized. The momentum transferred to the sample from the vaporized atoms constitutes the second generation mechanism and is termed ablation. The ablative mechanism, which is modeled as a normal force, in conjunction with the differential equations of isothermal elasticity is used to determine the displacement due to ablation. The stress free boundary conditions of both the thermoelastic and ablative problems lead to the Rayleigh-Lamb frequency equation, the solution of which represents the various modes of propagation present in an infinite plate. For a given frequency bandwidth there is a plate thickness below which only the first symmetric (s0) and first asymmetric (a0) modes of propagation will be observed. Thus, by considering only thin plates, all but the first two modes of propagation are eliminated, resulting in a waveform with characteristics that are easy to distinguish. To simplify the problem of determining the elastic constants and the optical absorption coefficient in a thin glass film, it is desired to generate only thermoelastic waves. This restriction is achieved by simply decreasing the power of the Nd: YAG laser. By adjusting the size of the laser beam radius, the Rayleigh velocity and the group velocity of the s0 mode at zero wavenumber can be measured experimentally. Measurement of these two velocities leads to an estimation of the elastic constants. The estimated elastic constants are refined by comparing experimental and theoretical velocity data for the aQ mode. Next, the amplitude of the theoretical and experimental velocity data for the a0 mode are compared, which allows the optical absorption coefficient to be determined. Ablation occurs when the sample's surface reaches its melting point; therefore, ablation must be accompanied by thermoelastic waves. For the a0 mode, this experimental reality is modeled theoretically by simply combining the thermoelastic and ablative solutions. For specimens with large optical absorption coefficients, the thermoelastic and ablative solutions add constructively. This theoretical result, while verified in copper and brass samples, is not witnessed in stainless steel samples. Stainless steel shows what is thought to be a small time delay between the thermoelastic and ablative waves. The theoretical solution closely resembles the experimental data if a 160 ns time delay is included between the thermoelastic and ablative solution. This phenomenon might be attributed to thermal shielding due to the formation of plasma during ablation.


In order to accurately grasp the investment chance,the exploiting person must utilize scientific evaluation method and advanced calculating tools,so as to enhance the accuracy of the investment evaluation at the stage of feasibility study.In addition,it also makes a introduction and summarization to the current calculation method,which will establish a base for electing-priority the method of the investment evaluation that will accordant with the commodity residence items at the stage of feasibility study.


Abstract The war has not disappeared and will never disappear. It is constantly changing, in perfect correlation with those who created it, the people organized into social structures. It changes according to the changes in the operational environment, influenced, in turn, by the technical-scientific discoveries. All these changes impose a new philosophy of warfare in which the methods of creating and using forces acquire new valences generated by the diversity and the possibilities of access to the new technologies. Knowing the way in which indirect (having the potential) factors influence the fighting capacity of a military structure is just as useful for predicting the outcome of the operation/battle/war. Knowing this assessment, the military decision makers will be able to submit variants and solutions to the political decision maker, who will choose the one that he will appreciate as being the most appropriate.


It is the purpose of the present paper to present a theoretical model of cutting slots with a steady highpressure water jet and a comparison with experiments. It order to predict the depth of the slot for both metal and rock, slot cutting has been described by one-dimensional excavation model. The progressive excavation of a rectangular element, illustrated in Fig. 6, has been analyzed, basing on the 6th power law on erosion which is experimentally formulated in the previous paper. In the present theoretical model, the depth of the slot is analytically solved by integrating the excavation speed of the rectangular element, defined by eq.(2), over the time of exposure, considering the effect of the pressure attenuation with the excavation.The theory and experiments show that the depth of the slotis a function of the nozzle diameter, the driving pressure, the time of exposure, i. e. number of passes times the width of the rectangular element divided by the traversing velocity, the pressure attenuation constants and the standard erosion pressure that characterizes the objective materials. The main conclusion is that the standard erosion pressure of a rock is closely connected to its mechanical strength and nearly equal to the tensile strength of the rock. From that, it has been successfully verified, as shown in Fig. 12, that the theory agrees well with the single cutting experiments summarized in Table 1.


MIMO diversity antennas have been investigated for 2.45 GHz on-body and off-body hearing instrument communication links in an indoor environment. The 2 × 2 antenna setup consists of crossed, linearly polarized antennas. The measured results were treated as a four-branch diversity system. Diversity combining techniques are applied and the diversity gains are found at the 1% outage probability level. It was found that a diversity gain of 12 dB can be obtained for the on-body ear-to-ear link if both antennas at each side of the head are tangential to the surface of the head. If one of the antennas is orthogonal to the head, the subchannel between the orthogonal antennas is much stronger than the other subchannels. In this case, no diversity gain is obtained. In the off-body link between the hearing instrument receiver and a stationary transmitter, diversity gains of up to 7 dB and 8 dB can be obtained for line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight, respectively.


Before being an Oceanist, B. Juillerat did fieldworks in North-Cameroon and wrote a thesis about the Mouktele, who live in a remote and then not studied area. Jeanne-Francoise Vincent has done intensive anthropological studies in this area, among the mountaineers Mofu-Diamare and she introduces the main research topics of Juillerat – migrants and autochthonous people, religious power and/or political power, linage organization and marriage – and replaces his minute ethnography back in a broader regional setting.


Rapid advances in complex macromolecular synthesis and the fabrication of nanostructures have provided expansive opportunities for the development of new materials with unique optical and nonlinear optical properties. Key to continual progress is the establishment of robust structure-property-processing relationships that will provide a framework to evaluate ultimate potential, articulate relevant figures of merit, and engineer materials systems for specific applications. Success necessitates interactions across diverse disciplines spanning theory, synthesis, fabrication, characterization and device evaluation for photonic applications. This book addresses the challenges associated with the synthesis, theory and characterization of new compounds and nanostructured materials that exhibit, or are formed, using unique photophysics. Topics include: nonlinear optical properties materials; nonlinear optical materials; organometallic optical materials; plasmonics; electro-optical and electronic materials; organic and hybrid light-emitting devices; nanocomposite optical materials; and organic photonic bandgap structures.


Since the beginning of the 20th century the authority of supervisors has decreased due to larger size of firms and power of workers' unions. Now, the supervisors' status has increased again, through automation and the necessity of a more human approach to workers' problems. This article describes these changes, looks at the job profile of supervisory activities in eight areas, considers the problems and difficulties of the supervisors' position in relation to management and the workers, and provides examples of Italian Supervisory Training in FIAT the automobile firm and ALFA the state‐controlled firm. Recent surveys show that supervisory training exists in 71 per cent of the firms, done mainly in five‐day seminars, and trainers come both from inside and outside the firms. It concludes that there are still many problems but that they are slowly being overcome.


This article discusses the importance of the category use value present in the Critic to the Political Economy undertaken by Marx. After the analysis of some interpretations on the theme, I look for to understand the relationship that exists among the category use value with the theory of the value, and the importance that covers this concept in the system of the category of the Capital.


Porous silicon (PS) of various morphologies is used as template for electrochemical deposition of distinct metals, especially ferromagnetic ones. The precipitation of Ni and Co under various process parameters leads to nanocomposites consisting of ferromagnetic metal-structures embedded in the PS-templates. These specimens are tunable in their morphology by the electrochemical fabrication parameters and due to the fact that the magnetic characteristics depend on the geometry and distribution of the incorporated metal it is possible to fabricate ferromagnetic nanocomposites with desired specific characteristics like coercivity, squareness or magnetic anisotropy. A further magnetic term, occurring at high magnetic fields, above the saturation magnetization of the deposited metal is observed. This additional term shows a non-saturating, paramagnetic-like behaviour.


The paper, form the point view of culture, makes a comparative study of the features of olympic culture and Chinese sport culture such as their background, value, kinematics and spread, discusses the differences between the western and eastern sport culture influenced by the living environment and culture evolution, reveals their similarities based on pursuit of ideal, practice objective and aim, thus providing some valuable suggestions for people to further their knowledge about human culture and its rules.


The role of the metabolites of dexamethasone (DEX) in the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) has never been fully elucidated. We report here our preliminary studies of 6[3-hydroxydexamethasone (60H-Dex), a known metabolite of DEX, on the hypotha. lamic-pituitary-adrenai (HPA) axis of the rat; its activity in the most commonly used radioimmunoassay for plasma DEX; and its plasma concentrations in a normal human subject during the standard 1.0 mg DST. Six OH-Dex administered subcutaneously to rats at a dose of I mg/kg was able to completely suppress corticosterone production for at least 3 hr. In the IgG Corp. radioimmunoassay for plasma DEX, 60H-Dex was moderately cross-reactive yielding a 50% cross-reactivity of 10%. Gas chromatographic coupled mass spectroscopic analysis of human plasma samples, obtained 12 to 20 hr after the oral ingestion of 1.0 mg DEX, demonstrated similar plasma concentrations for both the parent compound and the 6hydroxyl metabolite. The relevance of these findings, particularly to pharmacokinetic studies of the DST, is discussed.


The best ebooks about The Physiological Management Of Diabetes In Children that you can get for free here by download this The Physiological Management Of Diabetes In Children and save to your desktop. This ebooks is under topic such as 11 children and adolescents home | diabetes care insulin therapy for children and adolescents with type 1 d psychological aspects of diabetes management self-management of type 1 diabetes across adolescence: a view 2 insulin pump therapy in young children with diabetes purpose of the intervention: to improve diabetes knowledge managing hypoglycemia in children: what the clinician guidelines for the nutritional management of diabetes assessment and management of hypoglycemia in children and physical activity and diabetes – health benefits and type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: part insulin love and care: psychological, social and economic management of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents children are not little adults transitions in the care of children and youth with type 1 type 1 diabetes and sleep revised chapter 9-insulin treatment in children and psychosocial therapies in diabetes double diabetes: the evolving treatment paradigm in clinical practice guidelines clinical guidelines for the exercise management in type 1 diabetes: a consensus statement effects of coping skills training in school-age children young children with type 1 diabetes: challenges, research childhood diabetes mellitus: recent advances & future identification of atherosclerotic changes using b-mode exercise training improves vascular function in design of an mhealth app for the self-management of type 1 diabetes and vigorous exercise: applications of management of type 1 diabetes mellitus during illness in the patient in surgery insulin analog therapy: improving the match with peri-operative diabetes management guidelines stress adaptation in school aged children hospitalized caring for children with diabetes physiological reports exercise training in type 2 diabetic exercise and diabetes type 1 recommendations, safety the use of insulin pump therapy in the pediatric age group effect of prior hyperglycemia on il-6 responses to diabetes technology meeting november 11–13, 2010 abstracts


Household robots operate in unstructured environments and may encounter unknown objects. However, in order to manipulate an object safely, the robot must have some sort of internal representation of the object. For many cases, a rigid model may be assumed, but it is often the case that the object in question is best represented by a deformable model. This paper presents an algorithm for constructing a piecewise-rigid decomposition of an object given a series of images from an inexpensive color and depth camera. We demonstrate this method on a series of household objects and evaluate the performance of our algorithm at various stages in the model construction pipeline.


Synthesis and Reactions of Hydrido(oxime), Hydrido(oximato) and Alkenyl(oximato) Complexes of Ruthenium and Osmium

The carbonyl(hydrido) complexes MHCl(CO)[PMe(tBu)2]2 (4: M = Ru; 5: M = Os) react with aldoximes and ketoximes to give the octahedral hydrido(oxime)ruthenium and -osmium compounds MHCl(CO)[N(OH)=CRR′](PMe(tBu)2]2 (8–13) in high yields. Using MHCl(CO)(PiPr3)2 (6, 7) as starting materials, the complexes MHCl(CO)[N(OH)=CRR′](PiPr3)2 (14–16) are obtained. Reactions of 9 (M = Os; R = R′ = CH3) illustrate that the oxime ligand in the hydrido(oxime) compounds is easily displaced by Lewis bases. Either from 4, 5 and Na[N(O) = CRR′] in methanol or from 8–13 and NaH in THF the hydrido(oximato) complexes 20–25 in which the oximato ligand is coordinated via N and O, are formed almost quantitatively. CO opens the three-membered ring by cleavage of the M-N bond. Analogously, the alkenyl(oximato) compounds 28–30 are obtained from M[(E)–CH = CHPh]Cl(CO)[PMe(tBu)2)2]2 (18: M = Os; 27: M = Ru) with Na[N(O) = CRR′].


Abstract A group of (carbamoylaminophenoxymethyl)-dimethylphosphine oxides 1–13 and corresponding thiocarbarnoyl derivatives 14–26 were prepared via reaction of 2-, 3-and 4-(dimeth-ylphosphinylmethoxy)-phenylamines with isocyanates and isothiocyanates resp., The composition of the new compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 31P{1HJ} MNR spectroscopy.


In the paper de-correlation method was applied to study the dynamics of the laser-speckle pattern caused with the ground glass and layer of transparent liquid. According to the percolation model H-bonded liquids are characterized with nano-sized structural heterogeneities that cause the phase ones for the light wave. The temporary changing phase heterogeneities modulate the speckle field produced with the ground glass. The modifying of the speckle pattern causes the slow decaying of the central peak amplitude of the cross-correlation between the first images and each subsequent one. Proposed method likely could be a foundation of new methods for contactless exploring structural dynamics of liquid systems.


The characteristics of the ground and sea clutter have some important effects on the airborne PD radars with look down mode.Based on the analysis of the PD radar system,this paper studies in detail the modeling method of distance doppler clutter graph of the radar by using an elevation graph of 3D digital terrain and the corresponding classification of terrain with arbitrary postures of the aeroplane.Finally,the validity of the method has been proved by the simulation results.


Transport system for boxes and the like obtained from a conveying circuit. A circuit transport boxes and the like which is constituted by a plurality of transport modules, each transport module comprised of a structure of lower support mainly formed by a pair of support legs (1) vertical to a given profile and being least one crosspiece that joins and transportation, such as a band or multiple rollers, through which the boxes are arranged to transport. The circuit is electrically and electronically controlled by a plurality of dividers (40), each defined by control means and associated detection means at least one transport module, defining such modules divisions independent control of the physical divisions transport modules, each division linked to a control connection box (41) distributed by the routing circuit being.


In this work, a mathematical modelling tool was developed to simulate the water and solute transfers in unsaturated―saturated porous medium. We used a mathematical formulation which consists in considering as a single continuum the saturated and the unsaturated zones. The model is based on the finite elements method using the Freefem++ code. This code was adapted to the equations used in this study, namely: Richards equation to study the water flow in the unsaturated zone, the diffusivity equation for the groundwater flow and the transport equation of advection―dispersion type to study the solute transfer. The advantage of the Freefem++ is that it generates self-adapting grids. The modelling tool was validated using experimental data measured on the small-scale physical model. A comparative study with the ADI method was carried out and showed that the use of the finite elements Freefem++ code presents an advantage and provides more accurate results.


In all data-rich industries, effective data management is essential if users and stakeholders are to expect value from corporate data. For market-driven enterprises, clean and readily accessible data is vital for maintaining a competitive edge. Quality, integrated data in comprehensive and targeted reports enables effective strategic and tactical decision-making, improves data security, increases the effectiveness of marketing campaigns, ensures tracking of products and services and helps meet regulator demands accurately and with minimal effort. In addition to these strategic benefits, high-performance access to the same data is essential for meeting operational demands from front-line staff at call centres, distribution hubs and network monitoring stations. In healthcare, data-related priorities are radically different. Marketplace return on investment gives way to improving healthcare delivery, supporting performance management, research and funding analysis. Notwithstanding differences in business priorities, technologies, solutions and methodologies can be intelligently adapted from profit-driven industries to healthcare needs. The Linked Person Record for Cancer, developed for Cancer Care Ontario in 2007–2008, represents the kind of innovation required if healthcare information is to take advantage of advances in information management.


This article is dedicated to the memory of Konstantin Kuzmich Loginov (1952–2020), a first-rate professional ethnographer, who worked at the Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article presents a biographical study of the most important stages of the researcher's life and an analysis of his scholarly activities. Loginov is known as the foremost scholar of the ethnic history and the traditional culture of the Russian population of Karelia and of the features of its ethno-local groups. He is the author of about 185 research articles in which he applied descriptive and comparative-historical methods to the rich field material that he himself collected. Loginov's most significant works are the five books (including one co-authored) devoted to the study of the Russian population of the north shore of Lake Onega (Zaonezhye) and territories around Lake Vodlozero (Vodlozerye). He is also the author of chapters in seven major collective scholarly works, including books about the Karelian settlements of Suisar, Yukkoguba, and Syamozero. The last work of this kind was the book The Peoples of Karelia. Historical and Ethnographic Essays. Loginov also devoted much time and effort to such scholarly activities as expeditions, presentations at conferences, popularization of ethnographic knowledge, and teaching.


The implementation of a quota system to guarantee the access of indigenous people to Higher Education in Brazil, as a result of racially oriented policies, and the understanding of the political and strategic role of education for the recognition of differences, led to the creation of public policies, of affirmative actions, which provide the access of historically subordinate groups to public universities. In this paper, particularly, we intend to present and discuss the results of a survey conducted in public institutions of Higher Education, in the country, in order to identify the different designs of affirmative action programs, for indigenous peoples, which have been on for over a decade. The purpose of the article is to contribute to update this field of study and discussions. We note that such affirmative


In wastewater treatment plants, the degradation of complex substances that contaminate water is carried out by microorganisms, which are fixed by a network formed by filamentous bacteria, creating large flocs that settle easily. However, the excessive growth of said bacteria causes a series of drawbacks such as the reduction of settling velocity, leakage of activated sludge with the effluent, and formation of supernatant, a phenomenon known as bulking. This research work seeks to develop and evaluate a procedure for the physical characterization of the flocs to determine the parameters that affect the settling velocity and thereby detect and control bulking. For this purpose, sedimentation and image analysis tests were carried out from wastewater from the Aguas Antofagasta treatment plant (Chile). The image analysis was performed with images captured from an optical microscope in two magnifications (100x and 50x), which were analyzed by marking each floc individually and characterized by an image processing software. Additionally, sedimentation tests were performed on columns (area of 74 (cm2) and height of 70 (cm)). As a result, an inversely proportional dependence was found on the settling velocity evaluated by the Vesilind equation in the zone of constant fall velocity with respect to the number of flocs connected per cluster, giving an estimate of the settling velocity depending on the number of flocs connected. This would allow predicting settling velocity with image analysis, taking into account that the problem of bulking is determined by the type of filamentous bacteria that causes it and the sedimentation process is affected in large part by local factors. It can be concluded through this study that as the number of flocs connected per cluster increases, the settling velocity decreases. This study provides wastewater treatment plants with a practical tool to determine sedimentation times and thus improve the quality of the treated water, avoiding problems of flocs leaking with the effluent. In addition, the image analysis itself allows rapid detection of the phenomenon of bulking and its severity.


Abstract This paper re-evaluates the role and significance of Che Guevara and focismo in the strategic debate on insurgent warfare. It argues that Guevara's approach to making revolution in Latin America and the Third World emerged out of his own earlier escapades as a restless tourist travelling through South and Central America in the early 1950s. Guevara's life was one marked by a struggle to define an identity in a continent that he saw as dominated by the informal imperial power of the US. Focismo crystallised in the years after the Cuban Revolution in 1959 into an ideological concept supportive of the Castro regime's claims to provide a distinctive new model of Third World revolution in opposition to those of the Soviet Union and China. Focismo has survived in the contemporary era as an approach that partly describes some modern terrorist and Jihadist movements in the Middle East.


Blood transfusion is a medical and life saving procedure. However, Knowledge, attitude, belief and level of awareness of blood transfusion may affect such procedure. This present study was performed to determine the attitudes, beliefs and knowledge of patients towards blood transfusion in Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State. Five hundred (500) patients were randomly selected and pre-test questionnaire administered. 18% had been transfused before while 82% had not been transfused. 80% of the respondents are ready to accept blood transfusion while 20% will refuse blood transfusion. 86% can encourage their relatives to accept blood transfusion while 14% will not encourage their relatives. Out of 500 participants, 190(41.3%) have adequate understanding of blood transfusion. 50% of the respondents in this study would refuse blood transfusion due to fear of infections. In conclusion, the attitude of the respondents in this study is generally satisfactory. However, knowledge regarding blood transfusion is insufficient, and the low readiness for blood transfusion is a cause for concern. Therefore, educational programs on blood transfusion should be expanded through various media such as the social media (Facebook, Twitter etc). This program should be used to spread the idea that blood transfusion does not pose significant health risks. The public should also be informed that all measures are implemented by Medical Laboratory Professionals working in the blood bank to ensure the donated blood is safe for recipients.


Synthesis of palm oil-based polyurethane (PU) and the formation of nanocomposite from a mixture of PU with clay filler has been performed. Polyol which is the basic material of PU is formed by epoxidation and hydroxylation process and then mixed with isocyanate. Clay used as filler in this study was obtained from the local area of North Aceh, which is a type of swelling of clay that has been modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant. Nanocomposites are formed from PU with clay fill variations of 3%, 5%, and 8% by weight of the total mixture of 40 g. The resulting material is tested in character by some type of characterization. Based on the test results with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the hydroxyl polyol group was obtained in groups of 3390.870 (O–H) and –NH as the PU microdomain structure was obtained at a wavelength of 2987 cm−1. Morphological test results using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the addition of modified clay increases the adhesion in the paint and PU coatings and also increases the gloss from the surface and homogeneous material. The thermal endurance test with thermogravimetric analysis reported that the addition of clay fillers in PU showed enhanced effects for better thermal stability in nanocomposite materials when compared with neat polymers. Samples of PU/clay nanocomposites with the addition of 8 wt% clay filler were the most optimum composites among other variations with the thermal degradation temperature value of 296°C. This research generates prospects for applying various industrial surface coatings that are resistant to corrosion and heat, have good mechanical properties, and are more environmentally friendly.


It has been shown that intranasal or intravenous injection of I-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). a synthetic analogue of the antidiuretic hormone, provokes a rapid, marked and transient increase of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/VWF) and plasminogen activator (PA) (Mannucci c't ul, 1975; 1,udlam rt ul. 1980; Vicente r t d , 1982a). Recently, Nenci rt al ( 1 9 8 3 ) found that infusion of this drug elicited a transient enhancement of factor VII and XI1 activities. These authors suggest that the fibrinolytic action of DDAVP is able to produce the fragmentation of factor XII. and these fragments have lost the ability to activate factor XI, but which can rapidly activate factor VII , as has been suggested by Radcliffe rt al (1977) . In order to study the effect of DDAVP on different proteins of the contact phase, DDAVP (0.4 pg/kg) was added to 5 0 ml of physiological saline and infused over 3 0 min into five healthy male volunteers (median age 28: range 2 3-32). Blood samples were collected by venipuncture immediately before infusion (time 0) and 3 0 , 1 2 0 and 360 min after infusion was started. Platelet-poor plasma was obtained a s previously described (Vicente ot (11, 1982b). VIII: C and procoagulant activities of factor VII, XI and XI1 were assayed in fresh samples with one-stage methods (Higgs. 1 976) using naturally deficient plasmas (Behringwerke AG, Marburg, West Germany). Enzymatic activity of prekallikrein ( P K ) was determined using the synthetic chromogenic substrate S-2 302 (Kabi Vitrum, Stockholm, Sweden) in the method of Amundsen rt ul(1979). Antigenic activities of PK (PK: Ag), factor XI1 (XII: Ag) and antigen of von Willebrand factor (VWF: Ag) were determined by electroimmunoassay (Laurell. 1 9 6 6 ) using specific commercial antibodies ( Wehringwerke AG, Marburg, West Germany). Plasma fibrinolytic activity was measured by the euglobulin lysis time with strict low temperature handling of the samples and the modifications introduced by Chakrabarti et ti1 ( 1 969) . As expected, DDAVP induced a sharp rise in VII I :C, VWF:Ag (see l'able I ) and PA (data not shown). Contrariwise, no evident changes in biological and antigenic activities of the rest of the proteins assayed occurred at any time after DDAVP infusion (l'able I) .


The results of search effective flotacioness mix have been submitted for coprological method of diagnostics of fasciolosis. High efficiency has been supplied the flotacioness mix from the sated solution of the chloridi of zinc and bishofit in the ratio 1:1 for coprological flotacioness method at fasciolosis of cattle


With the potential to generate numerous connection requests, an explosive growth in the volume of data traffic and the number of mobile and machine-to-machine devices has drawn new attention to the radio access network. Surging random-access attempts cause not only severe preamble collisions but downlink resource shortage as well, thus degrading the performance of the random-access procedure. However, the effect of downlink resource shortage on system performance has yet to be comprehensively studied. In addition, most existing random-access contention resolution mechanisms sacrifice random-access channel (RACH) throughput for a high success probability, and thus, the price is that low-throughput mechanisms need a lot of time to deal with access attempts. In this paper, we evaluate the medium-access-control (MAC)-level performance for the four-step random-access procedure in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) systems, both with and without constrained downlink resources. Furthermore, we propose a novel RACH contention resolution scheme, i.e., the dynamic backoff (DB) scheme. DB can achieve high RACH throughput, yielding a high random-access success probability under various RACH overloaded scenarios.


Meta-learning aims to learn some common knowledge quickly from the limited labeled examples. Semi-supervised meta-learning is developed to improve the learning performance of the learner using limited labeled data and available unlabeled data. This paper proposes a new semi-supervised meta-learning method called the class-wise attention reinforcement (CWAR) method from the distinction of class representation and the credibility of pseudo-labeling. Firstly, we propose a class-wise attention (CWA) module to generate the class-wise attention weight vectors and apply them to prototype, query set, and unlabeled auxiliary set, reinforcing the attention on critical features in the task. Then, we use the random data augmentation method to assign pseudo labels to unlabeled data. Moreover, to mitigate the effects of misclassification and noise-influenced samples on the prototype, generating weight as the coefficient to calculate the new prototype. Experimental results on two popular benchmarks demonstrate the proposed method's effectiveness and have highly competitive performance compared with the state-of-the-art.


Potato is the most worldwide important tuber crop. Potato late blight disease is the major bottleneck in potato production in Ethiopia. The Field experiments were carried at Haramaya University during 2010 to determine the efficacy of reduced dose of fungicide sprays in the management of late blight disease on  selected potato varieties. Combinations of five potato varieties with different levels of resistance and five rates of Ridomil applications were used. The experiment was laid out in a factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications. The combination of moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible varieties with different rates of Ridomil applications varied significantly (P < 0.001) in disease severity, disease progress rate and area under disease progress curve. Onset of the disease was delayed by almost 20 days on the moderately resistant varieties as compared to the moderately susceptible and susceptible varieties. Up to 80, 76, 75.5, 69 and 68% severity reduction was obtained from the varieties Bedassa, Gabissa, Chiro, Harchassa and Zemen plots treated with Ridomil at 3 kg ha -1 rate of application, respectively. The highest disease severity and lowest yield were recorded from the control plots, especially on moderately susceptible and susceptible varieties. The best management of late blight and high marginal rate of return was obtained on plots treated with combinations of all tested potato varieties and 0.75 kg ha -1 Ridomil applications followed by 1.5 kg ha -1 Ridomil. The lowest rate of marginal return was obtained at combinations of these varieties with the 3 kg ha -1 Ridomil. This study revealed that reduced rates of Ridomil resulted in better management of potato late blight. However, further studies at different agro-ecological zones of the country are important for preference of potato varieties and specific rates of Ridomil as opposed to approval of the blanket recommendation of the manufacturer. Keywords: Late blight, Potato, Area under disease progress curve, Ridomil, Disease severity.


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Training in emotional regulation skills is one of the most important resources for the adaptation of athletes to contexts of sports pressure, especially during competitions. This study explored the effects of a mindfulness programme (Flow Meditation) on levels of impulsivity, mood and pre-competition anxiety-state in a sample of athletes (N = 41, 22.83 ± 5.62 years). Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (N = 21; 14 males and 7 females) which received the intervention over 10 weeks (a weekly session) and a control group (wait-list; N = 20; 13 males and 7 females). The variables under study were assessed through different questionnaires at pre- and post-test (T1–T2) in both groups. The mindfulness intervention was effective in reducing impulsivity (cognitive (t = −4.48, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.40), both motor (t = −4.03, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.20) and unplanned (t = −5.32, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.66)), mood (tension (t = −4.40, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.37), depression (t = −4.56, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.42), anger (t = −7.80, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.47), somatic anxiety (t = −5.28, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.65), and cognitive anxiety (t = −6.62, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.07) in the intervention group compared to the control group and with large to very large effect sizes. Mindfulness is a factor that enhances athletes' ability to cope with high sport pressure and the healthy management of competition (e.g., fear of failure), or with their daily life.


As studies between behavioral neuroscience and music have become increasingly popular, color association with music has grown as a topic of interest. Many studies analyze color correlation with individual musical variables such as the speed of the music or the notes used. However, there has not been significant research comparing the influence of these variables or exploring instrumentation. Due to this apparent gap, this study addresses the question: to what extent do tempo, key, and instrumentation affect variation in colors associated with classical music created from 1750 to 1910? Data was collected from approximately 150 participants, ages 11-18, who all had musical experience. Responses were recorded through a Google Form that asked participants to listen to a 20-second clip of music and choose 1 of 14 offered colors. A Chi-Squared test was utilized to test the statistical significance of the influence of the variable groups on the tonality and brightness of color choices. It was found that only one group, instrumentation, did not have a statistically significant effect on brightness. Previous studies were reaffirmed as major keys were heavily correlated with light colors and minor keys with dark. When grouping colors by neutral, warm, and cool, tempo was found to be the most influential variable for color choice tonality. Instrumentation in both color groupings yielded similar results as there was not much variation in the colors, indicating that instrumentation does not heavily influence the color choices of the listener.


The proposed work concerns a theoretical and numerical investigation of the effect of solid particle contamination of lubricant oils on the static and dynamic characteristics of a finite length compliant journal bearing operating under isothermal conditions with laminar flow.


Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) presents most commonly in males in middle age with mild to modest disruption to central vision, which recovers spontaneously or with laser photocoagulation of focal leak; however, it can also result in large bullous exudative sensory retinal detachment and profound loss of central vision. We report a case, in which there was a large bullous detachment with the subsequent development of abnormal peripapillary retinal vessels. These vessels showed profuse leakage with fluorescein angiography.


Due to current technology scaling trends such as shrinking feature sizes and decreasing supply voltages, circuit reliability is becoming more susceptible to radiation-induced transient faults (soft errors). Soft errors, which have been a great concern in memories, are now a main factor in reliability degradation of logic circuits as well. In this paper, present a systematic and integrated methodology for circuit robustness to soft errors. The proposed soft error rate (SER) reduction framework was based on redundancy addition and removal (RAR), which aims to eliminating those gates with large contribution to the overall SER. Several metrics and constraints are introduced to guide the RARbased approach towards SER reduction. In this paper also integrate a resizing strategy as post-RAR additive SER optimization. The strategy can identify most critical gates to be upsized and thereby, minimize area and power overheads while maintaining a high level of soft error robustness. Experimental results show that the proposed RARbased framework can achieve up to 70% reduction in output failure probability. On average, about 23% SER reduction is obtained with less than 4% area overhead. Keywords— Gate Resizing, Redundancy Addition and Removal, Reliability, Soft Error Robustness, Soft Errors, Ser Rate. Single-Event Upset.


A novel method to detect β-galactosidase by dot-blotting samples on nitrocellulose membrane and staining the membrane with azo dye coupling technique using 6-bromo-2-naphthyl β-D-galactopyranoside as substrate is presented. The enzymatic reaction to split the substrate is pH-dependent, and the sensitivity of this method could be increased by more than 10-fold with an additional treatment of 0.01 M sodium carbonate after the coupling of diazo-blue B with 6-bromo-2-naphthyl released by β-galactosidase. As low as 0.0015 unit of β-galactosidase could be detected within 10 min


4534 Background: pts with either CDDP refractory (REF) or with a poor prognosis relapse (REL) GCT, defined as progressing less than 2 or between 2 and 6 months (mos) of CDDP administration respectively have dismal prognosis.Px induces 11 to 26% response rates (RR) in a similar pt population.Ox is a platinum compound with a lack of cross resistance with CDDP.

METHODS
REF and REL pts, who had received at least one line of CT containing Etoposide+CDDP.

TREATMENT
combination of Px (175 mg/m2, 3h infusion) followed by Ox (130 mg/m2, 2h infusion) administered q3 weeks. Endpoints were RR (WHO criteria) and tumor marker decrease (TMD)>90% or >50%.The 2-step modified Gehan design was used for sample size determination.

RESULTS
26 pts were enrolled; median age 31 yrs (range 18-46); PS 0/1:13/13; 18 had non seminoma (among whom 5 mediastinal primaries), 2 seminoma and 6 mixed GCT; 16 pts were REF and 10 pts were REL; 22, 3 and one pts had previously received 2, 3 and 5 lines of CDDP based CT. A total of 87 cycles (median 4,range 1 to 7) were administered. The worst toxicity (NCI-CTC) consisted in: grade (G) 3 and 4 neutropenia (N) in 3 and 4 pts respectively, G 3 anemia in 3 pts, G 3 thrombocytopenia in one pt, G 3 neuropathy in one pt and G3 infection without N in one pt. One Partial Response with normal TM (lasting 18+ mos) and 4 TMD > 90% and 3 TMD > 50% were observed. Median Time to Tumor Progression and Overall Survival (months) were 2.0 [95% CI :1.5 - 2.5] and 8.8 [95% CI : 5 -12] respectively. However 2 pts were eventually salvaged by surgical exeresis of limited disease and are alive free of disease progression at 13+ and 23+ months respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Ox-Px Combination is safe and looks active in refractory and relapsed GCT, it warrants further developments within the treatment strategy in these patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the accuracy of CBCT in assessing trabecular structures.

METHODS
Two human mandibles were scanned by micro-CT (Skyscan 1173 high-energy spiral scan micro-CT; Skyscan NV, Kontich, Belgium) and CBCT (3D Accuitomo 170; Morita, Japan). The CBCT images were reconstructed with 0.5 and 1 mm thicknesses. The condylar images were selected for registration. A parallel algorithm for histogram computation was introduced to perform the registration. A mutual information (MI) value was used to evaluate the match between the images obtained from micro-CT and CBCT.

RESULTS
In comparison with the micro-CT image for the two samples, the CBCT image with 0.5 mm thickness has a MI value of 0.873 and 0.903 while that with 1.0 mm thickness has a MI value of 0.741 and 0.752. The CBCT images with 0.5 mm thickness were better matched with micro-CT images.

CONCLUSIONS
CBCT shows comparable accuracy with high-resolution micro-CT in assessing trabecular structures. CBCT can be a feasible tool to evaluate osseous changes of jaw bones.


Mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) is one of endangered animals that are distributed in tropical forests of Southern Asia, including Java, Sumatera, and Borneo Islands. The mouse deer population is predicted to decrease, as a side effect of high conversion of their habitat into human needs land. However, conservation of this mouse deer is urgently required. Unfortunately, we still lack of scientific information relating to its reproductive system, including anatomical and morphological data. Understanding of the reproductive system is required in developing a suitable technology in mouse deer breeding. This technology will be applied in deer conservation and improvement of their population. The aim of this study was to characterize anatomy and morphometry of male reproductive organs of mouse deer. This study was conducted in Field Laboratory Unit of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). Growing mouse deer aged 2 to 3 years old and weighed 1.8-2.0 kg were used in this experiment. The reproductive organs of male mouse deer were observed, measured, weighed, and documented. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed descriptively as follow: Penis type of mouse deer was fibroelastic, length of testis was 12.33±2.89 mm and weigh was 0.81±0.17 g, Vas deferens was 113±3.60 mm, Ampula was 17.33±2.87 mm, Vesicularis gland was 18.00±3.46 mm and 5.7±1.10 mm in dimension. The Mouse deer had gland bulbourethralis, with 8.26±1.02 mm in length and 0.86±0.04 g of weight, and length of its free penis of preputium was 58.33±10.41 mm. In conclusion, the male reproductive organ of mouse deer was similar to reproductive organ of other domestic livestocks, they had similarity in dimension of various organs, including primary organ (gonad or testis), accessories gland (ampula, gland vesicularis, and bulbourethralis prostate), channel part, which was consisted of epididymus, vas deferens and urethra, and also organ copulatoris or exterior organ, called penis. On the other hand, penis showed different characteristics from other livestock's' penis in its morphology. Their penis showed a clockwise turn spiral-like form, with the


This paper presents a review on human identification based on gait features, i.e. the walking patterns of people. The aim of this work is to describe algorithm for the segmentation of the foot-switch signal and the classification of the gait cycles. The performance of the algorithm was assessed comparing its results against the manual segmentation and classification performed by a gait analysis expert on the same signal. The widespread technological development in the field of health wellness, provides various domain to take upon the challenges for new development of various applications Architecture proposes collaborative working of real time videos, data aggregation through related application, analysis of collected data and communication gateway for future updates.


Chitosan is a biopolymer with numerous applications in food, medical, pharmaceutical and environmental fields, and it can be obtained from chitin deacetylation present in fungal biomass. This study evaluated the fungal biomass deacetylation process with variations in sodium hydroxide solution concentrations, biomass proportions, process time and equipment. The fungal biomass was produced by Aspergillus niger fungus DAOM in potato dextrose broth medium via submerged bioprocesses. Deacetylation of the biomass was conducted using 4% (1:40 m v-1) NaOH solution in autoclave and 45% (1:20 m v-1) in stirred reactor. The degree of deacetylation for both techniques was similar (>60%). However, the autoclave process presented higher yield (14.29%). In addition, the functional groups presented similarities between the biopolymer samples, evidencing groups of hydroxyls, primary and secondary amines. Therefore, the process using 4% NaOH in autoclave contributed to minimize the negative environmental impacts of chitosan production.


In this article, we present aspects of the teaching manual What is the Kindergarten to a panel of discussions on defenses in conflict in the history of Brazilian Early Childhood Education in the 1960s. This article is due to the discussions originated in the didactic discipline, In the lines of research on the history of education, centrally, on historical aspects of Didactics in didactic manuals elaborated in the scope of public educational policies, as in the mentioned manual, published in the Brazilian-American Assistance Program for Elementary Education - PABAEE - developed in Belo Horizonte-MG. The method of data analysis used was that of Content Analysis, by Bardin (1977), which consists in focusing on the different constitutive aspects of its meaning, such as: the historical moment and social place in which it was produced. Childhood; Intended audience; Objectives and needs, as well as contributions to the training of primary teachers in Brazil, at the historical moment of publication of this manual.


The invention relates to the use of oxime sulfonates of formula I (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) wherein m is 0 or 1 and x is 1 or 2; R1 is for example a substituted phenyl; R2 has for example one of the meanings of R1 or represents an unsubstituted phenyl, C 1 -C 6 alkanoyl, unsubstituted or substituted benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl or C2 -C6 phenoxycarbonyl; or R1 and R2 form such a ring, optionally with the CO group; R3, when x is 1, is for example an alkyl radical in C1-C18, phenyl or phenanthryl, the radicals phenyl and phenanthryl being unsubstituted or substituted, or R3, when x is 2, is for example an alkylene radical C2 - C12, phenylene or phenylene oxydiphenylene or oxydiphenylene radicals being unsubstituted or substituted, such as providers of latent acid, particularly at wavelengths exceeding 390 nm, and the use of compounds for the preparation of photoresists.


In this paper we report preliminary observations from an ongoing study into how musicians explore and adapt to the parameter space of a virtual-acoustic string bridge plate instrument. These observations inform (and are informed by) a wider approach to understanding the development of skill and style in interactions between musicians and musical instruments. We discuss a performance-driven ecosystemic approach to studying musical relationships, drawing on arguments from the literature which emphasise the need to go beyond simplistic notions of control and usability when assessing exploratory and performatory musical interactions. Lastly, we focus on processes of perceptual learning and co-tuning between musician and instrument, and how these activities may contribute to the emergence of personal style as a hallmark of skilful music-making. ABSTRACT This paper provides a sample of a L A TEX document for the NIME conference series. It conforms, somewhat loosely, to the formatting guidelines for ACM SIG Proceedings. It is an alternate style which produces a tighter-looking paper and was designed in response to concerns expressed, by authors, over page-budgets. It complements the document Author's (Alternate) Guide to Preparing ACM SIG Proceedings Us- ing L A TEX 2 ✏ and BibTEX . This source file has been written with the intention of being compiled under L A TEX2 ✏ and BibTeX.Tomake best use of this sample document, run it through L A TEX and BibTeX, and compare this source code with your compiled PDF file. A compiled PDF version is available to help you with the 'look and feel.' The paper submit- ted to the NIME conference must be stored in an A4-sized PDF file, so North Americans should take care not to inadvertently generate letter paper-sized PDF files. This paper template should prevent that from happening if the pdflatex program is used to generate the PDF file. The abstract should preferably be between 100 and 200 words.


Most commentators see Wittgenstein's Zettel 608 as suggesting that language and thought might arise out of chaos at the neural center—but this contradicts Wittgenstein's signature view that philosophers must not advance theories. Following Wittgenstein's remark to Drury that he cannot help looking at problems from a religious point of view, the paper argues that Zettel 608 employs religious creation language of the sort found in Augustine to suggest a new paradigm in the philosophies of language and mind—that language and thought arise, not out of neural processes, but out of the "chaos" of actions at the center of human forms of life.


A fuel cell uses the chemical energy of hydrogen or another fuel to cleanly and efficiently produce electricity. If hydrogen is the fuel, electricity, water, and heat are the only products. Fuel cells are unique in terms of the variety of their potential applications; they can provide power for systems as large as a utility power station and as small as a laptop computer.Fuel cells can be used in a wide range of applications, including transportation, material handling, stationary, portable, and emergency backup power applications


This article examines public involvement in the six-year administrative review of an application by Waukesha, Wisconsin, to draw water from Lake Michigan to replace its radium-contaminated local water supply. The article shows that public positions on the proposal inverted the typical relationship between partisanship and environmental attitudes, prompting both supporters and opponents to ignore scientific evidence and the central matter of water safety. In successive rounds of state and regional administrative review, these political stances induced administrators to engage in increasingly legalistic forms of assessment. Although Waukesha's application was approved in 2016, such administrative dynamics may limit the ability of the recently enacted Great Lakes Compact to address current and prospective water safety problems in the region. The case typifies an emerging pattern in water governance in the United States: contentious administrative politics drive cooperative agreements to resemble adversarial proceedings, limiting their ability to adapt to new environmental problems.


Let μ n be a sequence of discrete measures on the unit circle T = ℝ/ℤ with μ n (0) = 0, and μ n ((-δ,δ)) → 1, as n → ∞. We prove that the sequence of convolution operators (f * μ n )(x) is strong sweeping out; i.e., there exists a set E C T such that almost everywhere on T.


High-eccentricity tidal migration is a potential formation channel for hot Jupiters. During this process, the planetary f-mode may experience a phase of diffusive growth, allowing its energy to quickly build up to large values. In Yu et al., we demonstrated that nonlinear mode interactions between a parent f-mode and daughter f- and p-modes expand the parameter space over which the diffusive growth of the parent is triggered. We extend that study by incorporating (1) the angular momentum transfer between the orbit and the mode, and consequently the evolution of the pericenter distance; (2) a prescription to regulate the nonlinear frequency shift at high parent mode energies; and (3) dissipation of the parent's energy due to both turbulent convective damping of the daughter modes and strongly nonlinear wave-breaking events. The new ingredients allow us to follow the coupled evolution of the mode and orbit over ≳104 yr, covering the diffusive evolution from its onset to its termination. We find that the semimajor axis shrinks by a factor of nearly 10 over 104 yr, corresponding to a tidal quality factor ∼10 . The f-mode's diffusive growth terminates while the eccentricity is still high, at around e = 0.8–0.95. Using these results, we revisit the eccentricity distribution of proto-hot Jupiters. We estimate that less than 1 proto-HJ with eccentricity >0.9 should be expected in Kepler's data once the diffusive regime is accounted for, explaining the observed paucity of this population.


Nearly 50% of frontline workers across the US experience psychological distress, with corrections system employees reporting the highest rates of burnout and PTSD. These conditions have been linked to a range of negative physical and psychological outcomes such as heart disease and mental health challenges, as well as organizational consequences like high rates of absenteeism and turnover. Considering the outsized impact that correctional officers can have on the experience of the incarcerated population, understanding and improving officer wellbeing is a critical component in broader efforts in public safety.


Abstract This analysis is based on a census of the primate populations of the southeastern part of the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve. The demographic data obtained in 2008 were compared to those formerly reported in 1985, to identify the primate population trends in this region. A total of 37 individuals of Alouatta palliata mexicana and 68 individuals of Ateles geoffroyi vellerosus were found in 12 fragments. The size of the total primate population in this site is similar to that reported at the end of the 80's. Nonetheless, the ecological density was higher and a wane in the adult females and immature proportions within primate groups was observed. This could be considered as the beginning of demographic decline processes inside primate population in this region, which could be a consequence of a decrease in habitat quality and quantity. Improving the connectivity between forest fragments was suggested as a conservation measure within a strategy that takes into account the complexity of land dynamics in the region.


The purpose of the present work is to characterize the behavior pattern of deliberated retry in logicist terms. Deliberated retry is where an agent pursues goals by trying actions or action sequences that are likely to achieve the goal, and where the agent responds to failure by trying an alternative plan or action sequence. (We identify plans with action sequences). The paper proposes a rst-order theory using a narrative time-line approach in which each model is a history of the world where the agent's successive actions exhibit deliberated retry. This work is intended to be used in the design of autonomous agents, and in particular in our WITAS project which is concerned with the control system of an intelligent airborne vehicle (UAV). A logic of this kind must of course build on existing work in logics of actions and change, but it also imposes some speciic requirements on the host logic. Besides the characterization of deliberated retry, which is addressed in this article, it must also characterize the success and failure of actions, it must account for exogenous events that innuence the execution of an action, and it must allow actions to be described on diierent levels of resolution. The present section discusses the integration of these diierent aspects of the entire agent architecture on the logic level. 1.1 Goals vs high-level actions We shall consider goals as the end states of particular kinds of actions, namely goal-directed actions. Therefore, the question of characterizing goal-directed behavior is reduced to the question of how goal-directed actions are decomposed into procedural ones. By this approach we avoid the need to introduce goals as a separate type of entities, and we introduce the possibility (although it will not be used in the present paper) of having goals and actions on several levels. A goal-directed action is then viewed as an open-ended process: the robot sets out to achieve a certain goal, for example to nd and retrieve a particular object, or to obtain more fuel. It chooses certain lower-level actions which are likely to achieve the goal, but these lower actions may succeed or fail; if they fail then the robot diagnoses the error and tries to achieve the same goal in some other way. At the lowest level in this structure one nds the procedural actions, but above them there is a structure of goal-directed actions, possibly on several levels. They are …


By analyzing the time distribution of tidal factor and the anomalous characteristics of seismic precursors at several deformation stations in Xinjiang, we think the statistics relation of the precursor anomalies as followed. The range of anomalies is much bigger when the magnitude is increasing. It may be within 100 km before the earthquake with M_S5.0. It may be 250 km before one with M_S5.5.However it may be more than 1000 km before one with M_S8.0. And the duration of anomalies is direct ratio with the magnitudes. The anomalies of the earthquake with M_S5.0 last 1~5 months. However one of the earthquake with M_S6.0 lasts 3~7 months. The amplitude of anomalies is closely relative to the precision of observing instrument and the disturbance of environment. Theγ_(m_2) values of part of stations are effected very much by grid values. We have to do some correlation analyses before the anomalies are determined.


We present alternative methods for calculating and interpreting the influence of exogenous shocks on historical episodes within the context of DSGE models. We show analytically why different methods for calculating shock decompositions can generate conflicting interpretations of the same historical episodes. We illustrate this point using an extended version of Drautzburg and Uhlig's (2015) model of the U.S. economy, focusing on the periods 1964-1966, 1979-1987, 2007-2008 and 2016-2018. We argue that the best method for analyzing particular episodes is one which isolates the influence of the shocks during the period under consideration and where the initial conditions represent the system's distance from steady state at the beginning of the episode.


The conceptual design of an ocean observing system for the routine, long-term gathering and processing of ocean data useful for monitoring, describing and predicting ocean climate and its variability is discussed. The ultimate aim of the system is represented by four application areas; atmospheric prediction; ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere climate prediction; state-of-the-art ocean climate assessment; and model validation. Models are presented as the unifying glue for the system, providing a means for exploiting observed information in many different ways as well as a means for processing complicated and diverse data sets into a form which has practical applications. Monitoring, description and prediction require different supporting environments in order to exploit this potential. The overall objective of the system is broken down into a series of goals and sub-goals roughly aligned with surface, upper ocean and deep ocean applications and with modelling and information management requirements. A prioritization of these goals is presented and it is shown that ordered implementation of the elements supporting these goals will lead to a sensible, staged implementation of the observing system. The research, development and exploitation of appropriate technology is emphasised. Trade-offs and rationalisation across the elements of the ocean observing system for climate and between other climate components and ocean modules is central to the development and successful implementation. The design is presented as the first stage in a constantly evolving and maturing ocean observing system for climate applications.


Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) testing has been proposed for detection of genetic imbalances in infants or children with characteristics of developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and/or congenital anomalies. CMA increases the diagnostic yield over karyotyping in this population and may impact clinical management decisions. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel testing allows for simultaneous analysis of a large number of genes and has been proposed as a way to identify single-gene causes of syndromes that have autism as a significant clinical feature, in patients with normal CMA testing.


This is the first of a danned series of pauers on the taxonomy of the cocoons and puparia, cast larval skins, and other remains of parasitic Hymenoptera and Diptera that are found in or near the remains of parasitized hosts after the parasites have emerged. The study is based. at least initially, on the host species so that the keys and descriptions may be of use to those who work on the host species as such and who wish to name parasite remains they encounter. The parasites of Diprionidae will be dealt with first, because of the economic significance of these sawflies. The present paper deals with the known Canadian parasites of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), and includes descriptions of the structures that are of taxonomic significance and of the methods used in their study; these descriptions will be in general applicable to the species to be discussed in subsequent papers.


Purpose
Studies on women's entrepreneurship in Morocco are scarce, despite the potential of women for the country's economy. This research takes place in a socio-cultural environment searching for a compromise between tradition and modernity. Families occupy a prominent place in Morocco, directly influencing women's activities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of family in Moroccan women's entrepreneurial success.

Design/methodology/approach
The qualitative research is based on 60 interviews with women entrepreneurs in Morocco, including women business owners, women professionals and also women co-operators who have not been documented until now, due to data accessibility. It is diversified in terms of personal, family and professional characteristics. The analysis uses an intersectionality framework taking gender and social class into consideration.

Findings
The results highlight three categories of women entrepreneur: the "elite", the "self-made women" and the "co-operators". Each category is characterised by specific familial and professional realities, underpinned by differentiated dynamics in terms of gender and social class.

Practical implications
The study, from a practical point of view, contributes to a better understanding of the differentiated realities encountered in terms of women's entrepreneurship, in the Moroccan context.

Originality/value
Studies in developing countries tend to consider women entrepreneurs as a homogeneous group. This research highlights the fact that family support, women entrepreneurs' practices and their role in entrepreneurial success depend on the background situations in terms of gender and social class. It also contributes to the entrepreneurial success field, revealing different definitions and perceptions of success among women entrepreneurs.