This chapter studies how, in early May of 1660, news reached Elizabeth Stuart's nephew that he had been invited to return and take his place on the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland as Charles II. Now, with a Stuart once more on the throne, there was nothing to keep Elizabeth on the Continent. And when, in September of 1660, her niece Mary had travelled home to England, preceding her, there was certainly nothing left for Elizabeth in The Hague. Elizabeth had told Charles Louis she would return when Charles sent for her. Elizabeth was plainly desperate to return to England, but still there was no invitation. The chapter then recounts Elizabeth's death. By the time of her death, aged sixty-six, Elizabeth had lost a kingdom, the Upper Palatinate, several wars, three infant sisters, three brothers (one as a baby), a husband, six children, and several palaces. She had also outlived all the ambassadors and generals who ever had supported or opposed her. But she never lost the love of her people who had so embraced her on St Valentine's Day in 1613, and would mourn the death of their Queen of Hearts the day before her forty-ninth wedding anniversary.


Compactified Jacobians, Abel maps and theta divisors Singularities of theta divisors in algebraic geometry The diagonal property for abelian varieties On isogenous principally polarized abelian surfaces Neron models and boundary components for degenerations of Hodge structure of mirror quintic type Polarization type of isogenous Prym-Tyurin varieties A tour of theta dualities on moduli spaces of sheaves Tropical curves, their Jacobians and theta functions Logarithmic interpretation of the main component in toric Hilbert schemes On the universal principally polarized abelian variety of dimension 4


Abstract Recent commentators on early education have noted a need to combine the strengths of constructivist and sociocultural theoretical perspectives in the early childhood curriculum. Road safety education in the early childhood years rarely reflects a coherent theoretical base. This article argues that effective road safety education for young children needs to incorporate both constructivist and sociocultural perspectives on learning. Interviews with preschool children highlight the variety of influences that affect children's road safety knowledge and illustrate the interface of constructivist and sociocultural interpretations of learning about road safety. The value of a dual perspective is explored further with reference to a road safety curriculum intervention, which used reflective dialogue procedures, derived from Pramling's (1990) phenomenographic perspective on learning. The curriculum project demonstrates that adult interactions that clarify and make explicit children's informal learning abo...


Our goal in this project is to improve the performance of the Bidirectional Attention Flow (BiDAF) model for the NLP task of question answering on the SQuAD 2.0 dataset. To do this, we 1) integrate character-level embeddings into the baseline BiDAF model and 2) replace the default attention layer with a coattention layer. While adding character-level embeddings has shown to improve the baseline BiDAF model's EM and F1 scores substantially, their addition to the DCN model actually decreased its scores slightly. Moreover, transforming the BiDAF model into a Dynamic Coattention Network (DCN) decreased the model's performance. Thus, the best model architecture we found is BiDAF with character-level embeddings. Future work includes tuning hyperparameters, experimenting with data processing techniques, adding optimizations like the Adam optimizer, and exploring different forms of attention.


A 10-year-old child with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus since 7 years presented with thickening and tightening of the skin over fingers (Fig. 1a) and progressive stiffness of both hands with fixed flexion contracture of digits (Fig. 1b) since 1.5 years. There was binding down of the skin over the distal phalanges and nailfold capillary changes were unremarkable. There was slight impairment of extension of distal interphalangeal joints of bilateral fourth and fifth digits. There was no history of joint pain and Raynaud's phenomenon. There was no sensorimotor dysfunction and radiographic abnormality. Blood investigations were normal. Based on clinical history and examination, diagnosis of diabetic hand syndrome or diabetic stiff hand syndrome was established. Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease and early diagnosis is important to prevent complications. Skin manifestations are seen in one-third of the diabetic patients. Diabetes may also provoke musculoskeletal disorders on the hands affecting the patient's quality of life. Diabetic hand syndrome encompasses entities such as limited joint mobility (LJM), Dupuytren's disease and carpel tunnel syndrome. LJM is also known as diabetic cheiroarthropathy. Rosenbloom and Frias described LJM in children with diabetes mellitus. The index case had manifestations of diabetic hand syndrome in the form of LJM and Dupuytren's disease. LJM can easily be diagnosed clinically by eliciting signs such as 'prayer sign' or 'table top sign'. Table top sign was elicited by asking the patient to place the palms flat on hard surface and inspecting if the entire palmar surface of the digits touches the hard surface (table top). A positive sign is indicated by inability to make the digits


The IEEE 802.16 standard for wireless metropolitan area networks allows communications between subscriber stations (SS) through the utilization of the optional Mesh operation mode. In mesh mode, the network base station can centrally schedule transmissions by routing packets on the links of a tree rooted at the BS and covering the mesh network. In this study, strategies for improving the reliability of the message broadcasting from the BS to the SSs are proposed and evaluated. By using the, so called, mesh assisted broadcasting (MAB) strategies, SS may exploit the higher connectivity degree offered by the mesh network during reception and may optionally cooperate with other SSs during the retransmission. MAB strategy performance is evaluated analytically and through simulations. Due to the complexity of the computational problem, analytical models are developed only for the MAB strategies for which the probability that an SS correctly receives a broadcast message can be obtained in closed form. Analytical and simulation results show that MAB strategies may turn the inherent broadcast nature of the radio medium into an increase of broadcasting reliability with respect to the tree-based broadcasting strategy defined in the IEEE 802.16 standard.


Biochemical, cytological, and lipidomic approaches show that lipid droplets are dispensable as membrane sources for autophagy, but are required for ER homeostasis by buffering fatty acid synthesis and ER stress and maintaining phospholipid composition to allow autophagy regulation and autophagosome biogenesis.


Although cognitive engagement (CE) is crucial for motor learning, it remains underutilized in rehabilitation robots, partly because its assessment currently relies on subjective and gross measurements taken intermittently. Here, we propose an end-to-end computational framework that assesses CE in near real-time, using electroencephalography (EEG) signals as objective measurements. The framework consists of i) a deep convolutional neural network that extracts task-discriminative spatiotemporal EEG features to predict the level of CE for two classes- cognitively engaged vs. disengaged; and ii) a novel sliding window method that predicts continuous levels of CE in short time intervals. We evaluated our framework on 8 healthy subjects using an in-house Go/No-Go experiment that adapted its gameplay parameters to induce cognitive fatigue. The proposed CNN had an average leave-one-subject-out accuracy of 88.19%. The CE prediction correlated well with a commonly used behavioral metric based on self-reports taken every 5 minutes $(\rho =0.93)$. Our results objectify CE measurement in near real-time and pave the way for using CE as a rehabilitation parameter for tailoring robotic therapy to each patient's needs and skills.


On the basis of 1516 specimens obtained between March 1982 and February 1986 the irregular moults in Mus spretus were analyzed propounding individual and group models in relation to deterministic genetic environmental binomial.


The multi-function piston type water pump control valve comprises a valve body,a valve base, a valve clack, a guide frame, a valve rod, a guide sleeve, a piston barrel, a valve cover, a guide bar, a spring, O type circle bolts, nuts, a non-return valve, a control valve, a ball valve, and a pressure gauge. The inner of the barrel body is provided with a piston. The differential pressure of the 2 port ends is adjusted by means of a control valve, namely to adjust the opening & closing height of the control valve clack at the piston position. Therefore, the flowrate can be controlled in the control piping. The inner of the piston is provided with a valve rod that is inlaid with an O type circle on the valve clack subassembly. The inner bore at the upper end of the valve rod is provided with a spring and a guide bar which tops the valve cover. The lower end of the valve rod is provided with a valve clack, a guide frame, and an O type circle, and fixed firmly with round nuts. The valve clack and the valve base fit close. Under the spring force, the control valve clack opens slowly and closes quickly. It has such merits that it can control the flowrate, open slowly, close quickly, eliminate water hammer,and prevent media from flowing back; a single valve can reduce the load at the start-up of electric machines, achieving an retrenchment of the equipment and a reduction of the expense.


The most talented and wise teachers with a lot of training and expertise in most cases become unable to contribute effectively in developing learners" skills when unfortunately their teaching styles do not meet learners" needs. So, it is definitely important to evaluate teachers" teaching styles by the learners for getting clear conception about teaching effectiveness. Though this is not the only means of assessing effective teaching, it is still an unavoidable concept where the reflections provided by both male and female learners require to be considered equally and accordingly. Universally, every individual is unique in his/her thinking with certain differences and sometimes he/she also keeps similar understandings with others on some points – this is also true for language learners. Keeping this in mind, this paper attempted to collect the opinions of tertiary level Bangladeshi English language learners concerning their teachers" competencies with main focus on checking out whether there are thought differences or similarities between male and female learners regarding the issue. For the purpose of the study, data from 99 students (39 male, 60 female) of Level-1, Semester-1 under the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) was collected who took part in the survey for evaluating the qualities of their existing three English language teachers.


Report regarding the Safety Test Engineering Program (STEP), the transient and destructive testing of the aerospace SNAP 10A/2 reactor, and the evaluation of the results of these tests.


International organizations — European Union — Membership — Withdrawal — Treaty on European Union, Article 50 — Notification by United Kingdom of its intention to withdraw from European Union — Whether notification to withdraw made pursuant to Article 50 may be unilaterally revoked by United Kingdom — Whether unilateral revocation of withdrawal notification subject to other conditions — Deadline for revocation — Effects of revocation of Member State's intention to withdraw from European Union Treaties — Withdrawal — European Union Treaties — Treaty on European Union, Article 50 — Right of withdrawal from European Union — Notification of Member State of its intention to withdraw — Whether notification to withdraw made pursuant to Article 50 may be unilaterally revoked by Member State concerned — Whether unilateral revocation of withdrawal notification subject to other conditions — Deadline for revocation — Effects of revocation of Member State's intention to withdraw from European Union Treaties — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969, Articles 54, 65, 67 and 68 — Withdrawal of a State from a treaty — Whether notification by State of its intention to withdraw from treaty may be unilaterally revoked by that State — European Union — Treaty on European Union, Article 50 — Whether Article 50 of Treaty on European Union constituting lex specialis in relation to Articles 65, 67 and 68 of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Treaties — Interpretation — European Union Treaties — Treaty on European Union, Article 50 — Right of withdrawal from European Union — Notification of Member State of its intention to withdraw — Whether notification to withdraw made pursuant to Article 50 may be unilaterally revoked by Member State concerned — Whether question of interpretation of Article 50 by referring court admissible — Wording of Article 50 and objectives pursued — Context and European Union law provisions as a whole — Origins of Article 50 — Articles 65, 67 and 68 of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969 — The law of the European Union


Thermoluminescence (TL) flat optical fibers (FF) have been proposed as radiation sensor in medical dosimetry for both diagnostic and radiotherapy applications. A flat optical fiber with nominal dimensions of (3.226 × 3.417 × 0.980) mm3 contains pure silica SiO2 was selected for this research. The FF was annealed at 400°C for 1 h before irradiated. Kinetic parameters and dosimetric glow curve of TL response were studied in FF with respect to electron irradiation of 6 MeV, 15 MeV and 21 MeV using linear accelerator (LINAC) in the dose range of 2.0-10.0 Gy. The TL response was read using a TLD reader Harshaw Model 3500. The Time-Temperature-Profile (TTP) of the reader used includes; initial preheat temperature of 80°C, maximum readout temperature is 400°C and the heating rate of 30°Cs-1. The proposed FF shows excellent linear radiation response behavior within the clinical relevant dose range for all of these energies, good reproducibility, independence of radiation energy, independence of dose rate and exhibits a very low thermal fading. From these results, the proposed FF can be used as radiation dosimeter and favorably compares with the widely used of LiF:MgTi dosimeter in medical radiotherapy application.


This article discusses producer practices and the reasons why they engage their audience in the production process. In a digitised media context, audiences have become more visible, mainly through social media, and have more means to participate. Our research deconstructs the production process of a particular television programme by means of the "hierarchy of influences" model, which separates micro and macro levels that influence production. It draws on in-depth interviews with all editors of Flemish current affairs programme De Afspraak (The Appointment) and on a three-month participatory observation. We conclude that immersive ways of engaging the audience are applied in our specific case. More broadly, we argue that although practices change, pre-existing norms and values about the television audience remain central to how producers engage their audience through digital and social media.


¶1 Human rights groups have limited their role to monitoring and protesting human rights violations committed by state actors. With the emergence of armed opposition groups—such as the Sendero Luminoso in Peru and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in Sri Lanka—that murder, torture, and destroy civil society in their respective regions, human rights entities must question whether they should broaden their mandate to include abuses committed by such groups. Focusing on the context of India, this article: (1) develops arguments encouraging human rights groups to critique abuses perpetrated by armed opposition groups; (2) suggests potential problems that may be encountered in making such criticisms; and (3) raises some reasons for caution by human rights organizations that condemn the actions of armed opposition groups.


The red Palm mite, Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) invaded the new world around 2004 and is now reported from the Caribbean islands, Florida, USA and northern South America (Venezuela). Surveys to determine generalist fauna prior to its arrival during the end of 2007 in Florida, reported the predators Amblyseius largoensis, Stethorus utilis, Chrysoperla spp., Aleurodothrips fasciapennis and Bdella distincta in association with diaspidids, aleyorids and tetranychids. Predator density increase was not observed until 6 months after the arrival of R. indica in Florida. Studies on predator composition after the initial detection in 2006 of R. indica in Trinidad and Tobago, indicated that the predaceous mite, A. largoensis increased its densities as the red palm mite grew and spread to new locations. Other reported predators were A. fasciapennis, Bdella spp., Cheletomimus sp., and species of the families Cecidomyiidae and Chrysopidae. Amblyseius largoensis, while preying on the red palm mite in Puerto Rico, has not substantially reduced the high numbers of R. indica. Studies to find exotic and more effective predators of the red palm mite should be intensified.


Restoring color of highly degraded movies can be a challenging task. In some cases the color left is almost null. For these cases no image enhancement technique can be appropriate. If the color information is completely disappeared only impainting technique can work, but if small information is left a dye fading model can be of some help. However in some cases information left is not sufficient to obtain satisfactory results. The proposed approach prefilter the color information left with a dye fading model before applying the perceptual method.


In this work, we present a method for model-based recognition of 3d objects from a small number of 2d intensity images taken from nearby, but otherwise arbitrary viewpoints. Our method works by lin ...


The purpose of this paper is to confront industrial design and design and determine the cognitive differences between the two. In this sense, we notice that, if Industrial Design is defined as the legitimate index of modernist ideology of the 19th century, or else, at the peak of the productive system, as the forefront of a consumption society, Design comes up as a challenge to a post-industrial society that needs to re-invent the value of exchange and find out its social dimension.


with increasing development of the national economy and improvement of people's living both in the city and in the countryside, people's food consumption patterns will obviously change, among which milk consumption will take on a rising tendency. According to the current situation of dairy industry of Shenyang city, this paper analyzes the existing problems in the development of dairy industry and, from the angles of production and marketing puts forward the basic ways to further the development of dairy industry of Shenyang.


SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIESThe goal of this investigation is to develop satellite-based observational techniques for high-resolution imaging of precipitation and sounding of atmospheric cloud ice and water vapor usingpassive microwave radiometers operating in the frequency range from 89 to approximately 600 GHz.This goal is being achieved by radiative transfer modeling at millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave frequencies and by the development and operation of an airborne Millimeter-wave ImagingRadiometer (MIR) with channels at 89, 150, 183,220, and 325 GHz [Racette et al., 1996]. To date,unique millimeter- and submillimeter-wave imagery of the atmosphere has been obtained using theNASA Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR). The MIR was developed jointly byNASA/GSFC and Georgia Tech, and has channels at 89, 150, 183+1, +3, +7, 220, and 325+1, _+3,•+9 GHz. These channels sample the radiation field at several of the most important MMW andSMMW tropospheric absorption lines and windows. The MIR imagery over convective stormcellshas been used to illustrate the potentially useful cloud and water vapor sensing and stormcellmapping capabilities of SMMW channels [Gasiewski et al., 1994]. The radiometric data has alsobeen used to analyze radiative transfer model discrepancies caused by water vapor errors inradiosondes [Jackson and Gasiewski, 1995]. A synopsis of activities undertaken during the periodfrom July 1, 1994 to June 30, 1996 follows.1. MIR Data Processing. Nine-channel radiometric imagery has been obtained using the MIR onthe NASA ER-2 during the Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX September-October,1993 and CAMEX2, August-September, 1995), the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere/CoupledOcean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA/COARE, January-March 1993), and relatedaircraft deployments. A key task in this investigation has been the optimal calibration, archiving,and interpretation of the multichannel imagery. Progress has been made in the first and last of thesetasks (calibration and interpretation). Data archiving is currently underway, and has been delayedpending final calibration.Calibration of radiometric data from instruments such as the MIR has been most commonlyaccomplished using a linear infinite impulse response (IlR) filter operating on single-scan gain andoffset estimates. While this method is quick it does not properly filter the large spurious gain andoffset jumps and spikes that can impair the interpretation of the radiometric data. Moreover, the timeconstant and order of the IIR filter are often chosen by qualitative guess. In order to account fornonstationary features such as jumps and spikes and to provide the optimal form for the gain andoffset calibration filter, a nonlinear multidimensional Wiener filter was developed for radiometercalibration [Sharpe et al., 1995]. The filter first searches for nonstationary jumps and spikes in theraw (single-scan) gain and offset data, then removes them. Jump heights are estimated and storedin a table; spikes are replaced by a local moving average. The resulting gain and offset streamconsists of stationary data. A joint gain/offset (2-dimensional) Wiener filter is subsequentlyconstructed using autocorrelation estimates of the gain and offset processes. After filtering, the gainand offset jumps are replaced at their original locations.The performance of the Wiener filter can be judged by analyzing the variance of MIR clear-airbrightness temperature fluctuations for calibration both with the Wiener filter and with a standardIIR filter (Figure 1). In the clear-air case the brightness fluctuations are primarily caused by2


Abstract The volume change on formation of liquid mercury-indium alloys has been precisely measured at 162°C for eleven compositions. The thermal expansion coefficient of the liquid alloys between 20° and 160°C was measured at compositions up to 70 at. % indium. The composition dependences of the density and of the thermal expansion coefficient are discussed and compared with the composition dependences of other physical properties of these alloys.


Objective To study the correlations between adverse reaction of first-time blood donors and the words,behavior of the medical staff from blood center.Methods The ivestigation was carried out by questionnaire among 300 university students whose records of adverse reaction had been recorded and the results were analyzed. Results 66% of the first-timeblooddonorsfeltnervousassoonastheysawthebagsofblood,especiallyincrowded,noisyenvironment.56.67% of them were frightened as soon as they saw the needle. 56% of them felt nervous because they had no related knowledge that the medical staff should have explained in time. Other reasons couldn't be neglected because of the proportion of them was lower.Conclusion Medical staff of the blood centers should communicate with blood donors at all times,humanize their service,improve the related public education through network and other approaches,perfect the environment of blood donation so as to get more people involved in this cause.


Information from 37 dairy farms, in four regions of England and Wales provided data on 8991 lesions and the preventive trimming of 4837 cows' feet.


A new method of relay protection setting value on-line setting is proposed. A distance automatic setting system for set value is constructed based on the fault information system or setting value communication units. It can read,analyze and compare the setting value book,and can distribute remote commands to modify the setting values of protection devices on line. The system structure and main function are introduced and the key technical problems are emphasized. The description criterion of setting value book is established by E language,which is associated with Power System Information Security Protection Rule. The reverse physical isolation device is used to solve the transmitting problem of cross safety zone. The proposed method has been applied in practical power network successfully,which shows a good practicality.


Objective To investigate the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis.Methods The medical data of 23 cases of proven pulmonary cryptococcosis were studied retrospectively.Results Twenty-three cases were anti-HIV negative,21 cases(91.3%) were primary pulmonary cryptococcosis and 2 cases(8.7%) were secondary ones.Cough(13 cases,56.5%) and chest pain(9 cases,39.1%) were the most common symptoms.Subpleural nodule/mass(18 cases,78.3%) in the lower lobes(12 cases,52.2%) were common radiologic findings.The definite diagnostic techniques included surgical lung biopsy(12 cases,52.2%) and CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy(10 cases,43.5%).Ten patients received surgical resection lesions and 10 internal patients were treated with fluconazole and 18 cases were cured.Conclusion Primary pulmonary cryptococcosis also occurs frequently.Radiologic findings can provide the clue for diagnosing pulmonary cryptococcosis.CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy is the most costless and efficient diagnostic technique.Most pulmonary cryptococcosis patients respond well to fluconazole.


This paper describes an investigation which assessed the feasibility of the event related brain potential (ERP) to provide an index of operator workload in adaptive man-machine systems. The characteristics and requirements of such systems are described and some limitations of secondary task workload measures enumerated. The results of an experiment are then presented in which ERPs were recorded from 10 subjects, while the difficulty of a concurrent tracking task was varied. Subjects performed either a one or a two dimensional compensatory tracking task, while ERP's were elicited by presenting discrete auditory stimuli. The amplitude of the P300 complex, a component of the ERP, elicited by the stimuli, decreased from the control condition (no tracking) to the tracking conditions. An ERP based measure of sequential processing of the stimuli was further affected as tracking difficulty was increased from 1 to 2 dimensions. An algorithm for obtaining an on-line ERP based measure of workload is then described.


The purpose of this work is to carry out the evaluation of the process of obtaining the essential oil of mango seed at the laboratory level, which was carried out under the direction of SENA's Tecnoparque. Was done in 4 stages, in the respective order, conditioning of the raw material, where the most optimal way to carry out the extraction process is obtained; the selection of the best extraction process; from the experimentally obtained data, the technical study is carried out and finally the financial study. With the evaluation made it is decided if it is viable to take it to an industrial level.


The relevance of the research is due to the need to improve the mechanism of state financial support for industrial production in the framework of stimulating the innovative development of the economy. The subject of the research is tax incentives for enterprises in the system of state financial support for industrial production. The purpose of the research is development of measures to improve the efficiency of tax incentive instruments for industrial enterprises based on the assessment of their effectiveness in modern conditions. When the national economy is unstable due to international sanctions against Russia, as well as internal factors, the need to form a core of industrial production capable of ensuring economic growth through the introduction of advanced technologies is of particular importance. In this regard, the article systematizes state measures aimed at supporting the activities of industrial enterprises used in the Russian economy and in the Republic of Adygea, in particular. The best foreign experience in tax incentives for industrial production in comparison with the Russian model of applying tax incentives has been summarized; tax expenses of the budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation by types of taxes and types of state programs related to the development of industry have been analyzed; priority measures have been developed to reduce the tax burden of industrial enterprises.


This paper investigates a weighted gain combining cooperative spectrum sensing (W-CSS), which has the potential to achieve increased diversity gain and enhance detection performance. In previous works of W-CSS, weight is set based on estimated primary user (PU) signal power. However, their woks did not present an analysis of the detection performance of W-CSS. In this paper, we analyzed the statistics of the estimator and derived the detection probability of the W-CSS under time-invariant case. We also evaluated the proposed W-CSS under time-variant Rayleigh fading by computer simulations. We introduced an asymptotic nature of the P-CSS, i.e. the detection probability of the proposed W-CSS under time-variant Rayleigh fading asymptotically approaches the detection probability under time-invariant case as the number of antennas is increased.


Abstract: World is moving towards the development of alternative fuels due to many obvious reasons. Biomass will be the main feedstock because of its abundance, renewable nature and cost. Unlike grain starch, biomass carbohydrates are not readily accessible to enzymatic digestion, and hence pretreatment becomes inevitable. A number of different pretreatments involving biological, chemical, physical, and thermal approaches have been investigated over the years with pros and cons. Extrusion is a well established process in food industries; it can be used as a physical pretreatment method for biomass. With the objective of evaluating the effect of high shear parameters on carbohydrate release from different biomasses, corn stover, switchgrass, and big blue stem were pretreated in high shear bioreactor by varying the barrel temperature and screw speed from 50 to 200°C and 50 to 200 rpm, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated samples was carried out using multi-enzyme complex and s glucosidase. Screw speed and temperature had significant effect on different sugars conversion from these biomasses. The highest glucose and combined sugar conversion of 22.76 and 43.33, 41.17 and 68.33, 26.44 and 43.63% were recorded at 50°C and 150 rpm for corn stover, at 50°C and 100 rpm and at 100°C and 150 for switchgrass and at 150°C and 200 rpm for big blue stem, respectively. The increase in combined sugar conversion was 12, 23 and 76% for corn stover, big blue stem and switchgrass, respectively over the control samples.


This study was performed by a comparative analysis of nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of dietitians and non-dietitians. The subjects of this study were 103 dietitians and 166 non-dietitians working in the Chonnam area. The general characteristics, nutrition knowledge and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were examined using 24-hour recall method. The results were as follows: Dietitian group (15.17± 3.88) scored significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than non-dietitian group (13.34± 3.31) in nutrition knowledge. Dietitian group (69.58± 10.67) scored significantly higher on dietary attitudes than the non-dietitian group (63.97±11.18). The correlation between nutritional knowledge scores and dietary attitudes scores were statistically significance on job, age (20~39), education level (below university), marital status and work experience (2~5, above 10). The dietitian group was significantly higher than the non-dietitians in body weight and BMI of anthropometric data. The prevalence of obesity was 5.8% from the dietitian group and 6.6% from the non-dietitian group when judged by BMI and therefore obesity rate was significaltly (p < 0.001) different between the two groups. In case of the dietitian group, the average intake of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, niacin, vitamin E, phosphorous, zinc were above the Korean RDA whereas the average intake of vitamin C, calcium, iron, folic acid were below the Korean RDA. The average intake of most nutrients, except vitamin B1, vitamin B6, phosphorus, were below the Korean RDA in the non-dietitian group. Therefore the non-dietitian group needs nutrition education in order to improve their nutritional status. (Korean J Community Nutrition 12(3) : 284~298, 2007)


This article discusses current issues and practices affecting noncategorical programs for students and teachers. It first summarizes the problems found in categorical special education programs. Major problems are grouped into three sections: Labeling Practices, Definitions, and Service Delivery. Next, noncategorical, competency-based teacher preparation is examined. Noncategorical service delivery and teacher preparation alternatives are then presented. Finally, a number of remaining issues that inhibit noncategorical special education are discussed.


Periodic statistical behavior of data is observed in many practical problems encountered in cyber-physical systems and biology. A new class of stochastic processes called independent and periodically identically distributed (i.p.i.d.) processes is defined to model such data. An optimal stopping theory is developed to solve sequential detection problems for i.p.i.d. processes. The developed theory is then applied to detect a change in the distribution of an i.p.i.d. process. It is shown that the optimal change detection algorithm is a stopping rule based on a periodic sequence of thresholds. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate that a single-threshold policy is not strictly optimal.


Objective To compare and discuss the clinical effects of two kinds of triple therapy for the eradication of helicobacter pylori infection(HP) in gastric ulcer. Methods A total of 46 cases of helicobacter pylori-associated gastric ulcer patients were divided into control group and observation group, and each group contained 23 cases. Omeprazole, amoxicillin and metronidazole were used in the control group for treatment, while omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin were applied in the observation group. Comparison was made between the clinical effects and helicobacter pylori bacterial eradication rates of patients treated by different triple therapy. Results After 4 weeks of treatment, there were 4 cured cases, 12 effective cases and 7 ineffective cases in the control group, and the total effective rate was 69.56%. In the observation group, there were 9 cured cases, 13 effective cases and 1 ineffective case, and the total effective rate was 95.65 %. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P0.05). The HP eradication rate of the control group was 60.87%(14/23), and that of the observation group was 86.97%(20/23). The difference had statistical significance(P0.05). Conclusion In treating the helicobacter pylori-associated gastric ulcer, the triple therapy using omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin has better clinical effect than the application of omeprazole, amoxicillin, and metronidazole. The former can improve HP eradication rate and promote healing of ulcers, which is worthy of clinical reference and promotion.


The improved mobility of residual oil, attained by the formation of microemulsions in low-tension flooding could be made to apply to acid stimulation. By formation of microemulsions, the oil restraining viscosity- and capillary forces could be drastically reduced. The formation of water- as well as emulsionblock can therefore be prevented. The oil saturation in the near-well bore area can be reduced and the water wettability of the zone increased, resulting in a better access for treatment with water based acids. The acid reaction rate is also retarded, preventing faster acid breakthrough and fingering.


Fluvial reservoirs are highly heterogeneous and comprise a complex network of channel-like bodies. To optimise the development of these reservoirs it is important to model the channel distribution between well observations in a realistic manner, and stochastic modelling techniques are becoming increasingly applied for this purpose. This paper presents a stochtastic method where seismic data are used to constrain the modelled spatial distribution of channels between wells.


They ARISE COMPRESSES CONTAINING CLEANING medicaments comprising: A) 50 to 75% of a nonwoven fabric; B) 20 to 75% (on a dry solids) of a resin POLYMER WATER SOLUBLE formula: ((AX) M (BY) n, where A is one or more monomers selected from styrene or styrene derivatives YB is one or more monomers selected or butadiene derivatives, X is the number of monomer components A DIFFERENT OCCURRING copolymer chain, x is a number integer of 1 or more, and the number of components monomer B PRESENT IN THE copolymer chain, y being an integer of 0 or more YM: n is the weight ratio of monomer components AAB, Y is 10: 1 to 1: 5, preferably 5: 1 to 1: 2; YC) 0.1 to 50% ACTIVE COMPOSITION salicylic acid.


The invention discloses a multi-nozzle connecting pipe convenient to detach. The multi-nozzle connecting pipe comprises a main connecting pipe. Rotary connectors are fixed to two ends of the main connecting pipe, a plurality of connecting screw through holes are formed in the bottom surface of the main connecting pipe, nozzle connecting seats are screwed in the connecting screw through holes, vertical insertion through holes are formed in the middles of the nozzle connecting seats, nozzle pipes are inserted and mounted in the vertical insertion through holes, the outer walls of the upper ends of the nozzle pipes are provided with extension rings which outwardly radially extend, the extension rings are inserted in the upper ends of the connecting screw through holes and are butted to the top surfaces of the nozzle connecting seats, main sealing rings are nested in the inner side walls of the vertical insertion through holes, and the outer walls of the nozzle pipes are elastically butted onto the main sealing rings. The multi-nozzle connecting pipe has the advantages that the nozzle pipes are convenient to mount, detach and clean, various components can be detached, accordingly, replacement of components and parts can be facilitated, and the multi-nozzle connecting pipe does not need to be integrally replaced and is quite convenient.


Incoherent, inelastic scattering of neutrons by hydrogen in surface hydroxyl groups has been used to probe the dynamics of 60--70-A-diameter spheres of amorphous silica. The high-temperature spectra indicate a pronounced ''small-particle'' enhancement of low-frequency vibrational modes as predicted by theory. At low temperatures, the scattering changes in character and shows evidence of hindered rotational transitons.


he publication of Geography f o r T Life: National Geography Standards (Geography Education Standards 1994) was a milestone in geographic education. That document represented the culmination of more than a decade of concerted efforts by geographic educators and geography organizations to reintroduce geography into the school curriculum and to demonstrate to both teachers and students the power of geography in understanding the intricacies of the world around them. Geograp h y f o r Life was widely distributed to teachers and curriculum writers by the National Geographic Society through the network of state geographic alliances and by two other major professional geography organizations, the National Council for Geographic Education and the Association of American Geographers. Many teachers, however, were intimidated by the size (272 pages) and complexity of Geography f o r Life


This paper provides an overview of the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) support for nuclear engineering and related education programs involving universities. Universities are participating in the following DOE nuclear-related program activities: (1) University Nuclear Engineering Research Program; (2) Nuclear Engineering Education Support; (3) The University Role in the DOE Environmental Remediation and Waste Management Program; and (4) University Nuclear Research Reactors.


Assignment problems are solved by a neural network model with transient chaos (TCNN).Compared with the conventional Hopfield neural network (HNN),TCNN would not be stuck into local minima by introducing chaos,which is generated by negative self feedback into HNN.With a time variant parameter to control the chaos,the TCNN goes through an inverse bifurcation process and gradually approaches to HNN that converges to a stable equilibrium point.Numerical simulations of assignment problems show that the TCNN has higher ability to search for globally optimal or near optimal solution and higher efficiency of searching than HNN.The TCNN is extended for solving assignment problems in a real time distributed system,which is one of the NP complete problems.


ObjectiveTo establish a method of capillary column-gas chromatography for determination of acetone in residential area atmosphere.Methods After silica gel tube sampling and ethanol desorption,the samples were determined by FFAP capillary column-gas chromatography in the best instrument conditions.Results There was a good linear relationship for acetone between 0 μg/ml to 50.00 μg/ml and the correlation coefficient was 0.9997.The detection limit and lower limit's measurement were 0.073 and 0.27 μg/ml.The determined range of the method was from 0.22 to 5.56 mg/m3 when sample(9 L) was collected by using the silica gel tube and absorbed with ethanol(1 ml).Three samples with high,medium and low concentration were determined for six times respectively,the relative standard deviation of precision were 1.0%-4.8%,and the recovery of each sample were 98.78%,95.01% and 95.97%.When the sampling concentration was 0.39 and 1.61mg/m3,the sampling efficiency were 97.10% and 97.76%.The materials coexisted with acetone in residential area atmosphere had no interference on the determination,such as benzene,toluene,xylene,ethyl acetate,trichlorethylene,tetrachloroethylene,ethanol,styrene and cyclohexanone.Conclusion The indicators of this method have reached the requirements of "Specification for poisonous substances testing in residential area atmosphere" developed by the Institute of Environment and Health Related Product Safety,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.It is quick and accurate and with low detection limit,which is suitable for the determination of acetone in residential area atmosphere.


Exaggerated morphologies present challenges for understanding the factors that enable, prevent or compel lineages to evolve unusual functional traits. Here, I examine the case of gastropods whose adult shells are bottom heavy by virtue of a thick, often broad, convex ventral callus deposit on the inner lip and adapical to the aperture. Data on the spatial, temporal and phylogenetic distribution of callus-bearing gastropods were gleaned from the literature and from personal observations on fossil and living gastropods in collections. An exaggerated ventral callus has evolved in ≥ 72 lineages of gastropods, all in warm, shallow waters, beginning in the Late Ordovician but mostly during and after the Late Cretaceous. The phylogenetic distribution of these gastropods is highly clumped, with multiple acquisitions in some clades (e.g. Stromboidea and Buccinoidea) and none in others (e.g. Conoidea). Functional considerations and comparisons indicate that the enhanced gravitational stability provided by a ventral callus evolved only in conditions of low-cost calcification and when predators capable of dislodging or overturning gastropods or causing them to flee were important agents of selection.


The National Conference of Lawyers and Social Workers1 is an interprofessional organization whose aims are to clarify and improve working relationships between the professions of law and social work. In pursuit of these objectives, the Conference has a joint committee which holds regular semi-annual meet ings, formulates and issues statements concerning various as pects of professional relationships between the two groups and seeks to foster better informed appreciation of each profession among the membership of the other. An important aspect of promoting better relationships and wider dissemination of information between the two groups concerns the basic professional training in each of the two disciplines. In particular, it is a matter of importance whether at the professional school level there is an informed and accurate picture of social work on the part of law students, and vice versa. It seems evident that, generally speaking, information and appreciation in this regard could be greatly improved. This shortcoming should be most susceptible to remedy at those institutions that have both schools of law and graduate schools of social work. Such institutions could develop interdisciplinary courses and seminars and perhaps joint degree programs, if indeed the relationships between the two professions are as potentially congenial as has been assumed.


Recent experimental work has shown that foams having a negative Poisson's ratio may be fabricated by inverting the usual energetically preferred tetrahedral structure to form a reentrant structure. It is shown here that a linear elastic analysis of a two‐dimensional reentrant honeycomb provides a theoretical prediction of the negative Poisson's ratio in the plane for a transversely isotropic material. The value of Poisson's ratio depends upon the reticulation angle, which is related to the permanent volumetric compression ratio required to form the reentrant structure.


Students with ADHD are less likely to graduate from college than their peers; this study examines the currency and readability of ADHD documentation guidelines of 335 randomly selected, four-year, public and non-profit private institutions in the United States. Findings reveal that ADHD documentation is current, yet composed at nearly a 17th-grade level, rendering it difficult for students to apply for the learning accommodations they need. Implications for practitioners and future research are addressed.


Abstract. Photosynthetic CO2 uptake by oceanic phytoplankton and subsequent export of particulate organic carbon (POC) to the ocean interior comprises a globally significant biological carbon pump, controlled in part by the composition of the planktonic community. The strength and efficiency of this pump depends upon the balance of particle production in the euphotic zone and remineralization of those particles in the mesopelagic (defined here as depths between 150 and 300 m), but how these processes respond to climate-driven changes in the physical environment is not completely understood. In the Sargasso Sea, from ~1996–2007, we have observed a decade-long >50% increase in euphotic zone integrated autotrophic biomass (estimated from chlorophyll TChl-α), prokaryotic phytoplankton, primary production and shallow (150 m) POC export coinciding with a shift in the mean phase of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) from consistently positive to neutral but variable. During this same period mesopelagic POC flux attenuation has doubled such that carbon sequestration below 300 m, the maximum winter/spring ventilation depth, has not changed. The increased mesopelagic POC attenuation appears mediated by changes in plankton community composition and metabolic activity in both the euphotic and mesopelagic zones. These changes are counter to extant hypotheses regarding inter-relationships between phytoplankton community composition, productivity and carbon export, and have significant impacts on how the Sargasso Sea ecosystem, at least, is modeled. Moreover, these time-series observations suggest that processes in the euphotic zone and mesopelagic are tightly coupled and should be considered together in future research.


The selective synthesis of inorganic oxides with unique morphology has attracted considerable interest because of their morphology-dependent properties and applications. Efforts on most synthetic inorganic oxides have been focused on preparing a stable morphology rather than providing a strategy for producing various morphologies. Therefore, well-controlled methods for synthesizing inorganic oxides with a systematic evolution of morphology should be developed by adjusting the experimental conditions. Among the morphology-controlled syntheses of inorganic oxides, cuprous oxide (Cu2O) has been widely investigated due to its ease of preparation. The morphology-dependent photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of Cu2O were also studied recently. 9-11 Although Cu2O and silver oxide (Ag2O) have similar cubic crystal structures, relatively little is known about the morphology-controlled synthesis and physical properties of Ag2O. 12,13 To date, a study of the morphology-dependent antibacterial effect of Ag2O has reported only for different polyhedral shapes including octahedrons, truncated octahedrons, and cubes. This study provided a simple precipitation method for the morphological evolution of Ag2O from cubes to octapods. Furthermore, the morphology-dependent antibacterial activity of Ag2O against E. coli was also examined. Ag2O products with various morphologies were prepared from a silver-pyridine (Py) complex solution. Pyridine was used as the ligand for the Ag ions. Pyridine combined with the Ag ions to form a [Ag(Py)2] + complex. This complex reacted with OH− by adding NaOH, which was then dehydrated to produce Ag2O. The chemical reactions producing Ag2O are as follows: 2 Ag (aq) + 4 Py → 2 [Ag(Py)2] + (aq) (1)


In order to improve the ability of processing video image with high frame rate and meet the real-time requirement in higher resolution video tracking goal, DC-TLD target tracking algorithm, which is based on TLD algorithm and the theory of capturing sample dynamically, is proposed. Firstly, DC-TLD takes the target location of the previous frame as the predicted value of the current frame. Secondly, it calculates the threshold r of negative samples for ensuring that the number of negative samples is sufficient. Thirdly, it accesses the samples by index. The results of experiments show that DC-TLD is more robust and more efficient.


PURPOSE: A heat source multi-thermo-hygrostat is provided to generate cooling load capacity required to cool an indoor space while reducing the loads of each outdoor unit according to the outdoor temperature. CONSTITUTION: A heat source multi-thermo-hygrostat comprises an outdoor unit set(100) and a plurality of indoor units(200-1-200-n). The outdoor unit set includes: a plurality of outdoor units(10-1-10-n) includes a compressor(11), a condenser(12), an outdoor heat exchanger(13), and an expansion valve(14); a plurality of outdoor unit covers(20-1-20-n) which covers a plurality of outdoor units, includes dampers respectively, and blocks or makes the outdoor air supplied to the outdoor units pass by closing or opening the dampers; an outdoor unit controller(30) controlling a plurality of outdoor units and the outdoor unit covers; and an outdoor temperature sensor sensing the temperature of the outdoor air supplied to the outdoor units by being mounted on the outdoor unit covers. The indoor unit comprises an evaporator(50), an electronic valve(51), an electronic valve controller(40), an indoor unit controller(60), an indoor temperature sensor(70), an indoor humidity sensor(80), a re-heater(90), and a humidifier(95). [Reference numerals] (11) Compressor; (30) Outdoor unit controller; (40) Electronic value controller; (50) Evaporator; (60) Indoor unit controller; (70) Indoor temperature sensor; (80) Indoor humidity sensor; (90) Re-heater; (95) Humidifier; (AA) Outdoor; (BB) Indoor


Expression of E- and P-selectin, vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and -2 (ICAM-1, ICAM-2) on the endothelial cells' surface, as an answer to the pathophysiological stimuli, is considered as a main event in the development of the atherosclerosis. The influence of elevated glucose concentration and metformin treatment on the expression of adhesion molecules (CAMs) on human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) was investigated. HAECs were cultured in a medium with 5.5, 8, 12 and 16.5 mM glucose concentration with or without metformin addition. Controls were percent of CAMs expressed on the HAEC cultivated with a physiological glucose concentration. Glucose in 12 mM concentration, increased E-selectin (62%), VCAM-1 (4 fold) and ICAM-1 (81%) expression. Metformin administration significantly increased ICAM-1 expression in HAECs cultured with 8 mM glucose and increased CAMs expression in cells cultured with 12 mM glucose. Metformin administration additionally increased expression of adhesion molecules which could contribute to development of macrovascular complications in diabetic patients.


Hoechst is considering plans to build its first ethoxylates project in Mexico, Mark Sijthoff, head of surfactants and auxiliaries for Hoechst`s specialty chemical business unit, tells CW. The company expects to make a decision on the 30,000-m.t./year project by the end of the year. Sijthoff would not disclose the site or where ethylene oxide (EO) feed would be obtained. The plan may depend on results of the privatization of Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex), which is the only producer of EO in Mexico. Hoechst is part of a consortium bidding on the privatization. Sources say the unit will be built at Quimica Hoechst`s Coatzacoalcos site, close to Pemex`s EO plants at Cangregera and Morelos. A planned EO expansion at Morelos will probably move ahead when the sell-off is completed. Sijthoff says that Hoechst is also looking at improving its US surfactants position, although the company has no plans to expand ethoxylates, as there is {open_quotes}plenty of capacity.{close_quotes} Hoechst started up a 150-million lbs/year plant at Clear Lake, TX last year, ending a tolling agreement with Union Carbide. In addition, Rhone-Poulenc recently started a unit at Marcus Hook, PA, and Condea Vista is doubling its ethoxylation capacity at Lake Charles, LA. Meanwhile, Hoechstmore » is still considering construction of 30,000-m.t./year ethoxylation plant in India or China. A decision is expected later this year.« less


8 ASUBTITLE: PETER RAYNER, FORMERLY REGIONAL OPERATING MANAGER OF BRITISH RAIL'S LONDON MIDLAND REGION, BELIEVES THAT PROFESSIONAL RAILWAY-OPERATING SKILLS HAVE BEEN NEGLECTED IN THE QUEST FOR SAFETY.


Abstract We present a qualitative characterization of activity levels of a large database of ~44,000 candidate RAVE stars (unbiased, magnitude limited medium resolution survey) that show chromospheric emission in the Ca II infrared triplet and this vastly enlarges previously known samples. Our main motivation to study these stars is the anti-correlation of chromospheric activity and stellar ages that could be calibrated using stellar clusters with known ages. Locally linear embedding used for a morphological classification of spectra revealed 53,347 cases with a suggested emission component in the calcium lines. We analyzed a subsample of ~44,000 stars with S/N>20 using a spectral subtraction technique where observed reference spectra of inactive stars were used as templates instead of synthetic ones. Both the equivalent width of the excess emission for each calcium line and their sum is derived for all candidate active stars with no respect to the origin of their emission flux. ~17,800 spectra show a detectable chromospheric flux with at least 2 σ confidence level. The overall distribution of activity levels shows a bimodal shape, with the first peak coinciding with inactive stars and the second with the pre-main-sequence cases.


Anticonvulsants have been effective for tonic seizures of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Some anticonvulsants are immunosuppressants. It has been reported that carbamazepine (CBZ) administration lowers γ-globulin levels, presumably in connection with B cells.1 Neuromyelitis optica has specific anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4Ab) positivity; this is supported by the connection to antibody-mediated immunity. We report a case of a patient with NMO whose relapse of NMO was suppressed during secondary B lymphopenia.

### Case report.

A 29-year-old woman gave birth to a boy in May 2003. In mid-July, she had weakness in her right upper limb, and weakness in all 4 extremities lasting 2 weeks. She was admitted to our hospital in August. Neurologic evaluation showed weakness of the neck and 4 extremities, exaggerated deep tendon reflexes in all 4 extremities, positive bilateral Babinski reflexes, and bilateral loss of sensation below the C2 level. She had dysuria and constipation. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was 5.5. …


The iodide ion selective electrode has potential use for continuous monitoring of total oxidants in ambient air. Total oxidants are measured coulometrically or colorimetrically after oxidation of neutral buffered Kl solution (0.6-1.2M) to free iodine. On the other hand, the iodide electrode can measure much more dilute solutions (<10-4M). The iodide electrode measures the disappearance of iodide from the absorbing solution. The detector is made from an iodide electrode, reference electrode, an expanded scale pH meter, and millivolt recorder. The iodide electrode shows a constant Nernstian —59 mv change per decade over a dilute solution range although the absolute voltage shows a drift of 1 mv/day. A continuous iodide electrode air monitor was set up and investigated for ambient monitoring. Operational parameters as air and solution flow rates and electrode parameters as response time at different iodide concentrations were investigated. Statistical comparison was made with a Beekman colorimetric total oxi...


We present the temperature dependence of the green up-converted luminescence in submicron-sized LiNbO3:Er3+/Yb3+ particles in the range between 12 and 180 °C. It is shown that LiNbO3:Er3+/Yb3+ exhibits a very high sensitivity (S = 0.007/°C at physiological temperature and a maximum value of S = 0.014/°C at 350 °C) that surpasses those previously found for other materials based on Er3+/Yb3+ luminescence, indicating that LiNbO3:Er3+/Yb3+ is a suitable probe for optical temperature sensing through the fluorescence intensity ratio technique. This high sensitivity can be explained using the intrinsic spectroscopic parameters of Er3+ ions in this host.


We prove integral geometric formulae of Crofton type for Holmes-Thompson areas of rectifiable Borel sets in smooth projective Finsler spaces.


We present a novel application of business process modelling and simulation of manufacturing workflows. Using formal methods, we produce correct-by-construction executable models that can be simulated in an interleaved way. The simulation draws advanced analytics from live IoT monitoring as well as an ERP system to provide predictive business intelligence. We describe our process and resource modelling efforts in the context of a collaborative project with two manufacturing partners. We evaluate our results based on the improvement of the scheduling accuracy for real production flows.


Thermal energy storage technology of the present invention belongs to the field of agricultural engineering, it discloses a greenhouse thermal energy collection and lifting method and system may be implemented after the wall heat set thermal collectors gather transferred and stored in shallow soil in the greenhouse during the day is to raise the soil temperature; the heat at night in shallow soil thermal energy store as the initial heat source for the heat pump by lifting and then be heated greenhouse, solar greenhouse to improve nighttime temperatures. The method of the present invention to solar energy as a heat source, does not produce harmful gases, no environmental pollution; collection system uses the heat of the greenhouse shallow soil heat, reducing the initial investment cost; daytime heat can be transferred to the greenhouse shallow soil improve the shallow soil temperature, also improves the efficiency of heat pump units.


AbstractThree factors explain the dramatic acceleration of the Cambodian peace negotiations from June to October 1991. A long-term factor was the world's continuing isolation of the Phnom Penh regi...


Diapause features were investigated in adults of the allium leafminer, Acrolepiopsis sapporensis (Matsumura). Ovaries did not develop at all under conditions of 16 h light/8 h dark at 25°C in adult females of the last generation in A. sapporensis. This suggests that A. sapporensis enters diapause in the adult stage. In addition, we examined overwintering of A. sapporensis. Adults survived for 129 days at low temperature (0°C), and the cold hardiness of A. sapporensis was higher than that of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Some adults of A. sapporensis also survived to the end of March under outdoor conditions. These results indicate that A. sapporensis may overwinter during the adult stage in northern Japan.


Truck platooning is the linking of two or more trucks in convoy, using connectivity technology and automated driving support systems. For the wide deployment of platooning, multi-brand, i.e. interoperable, solutions are paramount. To achieve this, the European ENSEMBLE (ENabling SafE Multi-Brand pLatooning for Europe) project has been conducted. In this project, amongst others, all European truck manufacturers worked together to define harmonized multi-brand specifications for two different levels of platooning: a Platooning Support Function (PSF) and a Platooning Autonomous Function (PAF). The PSF aims towards fast deployment, whereas the PAF gives an outlook on the future of platooning when more advanced automated driving technologies become available. This paper describes the definition and specifications for the first level of platooning, the Platooning Support Function. It comprises a set of use cases, specifications and requirements for the common functionality. Part of the specifications is an interaction protocol, which also encompasses a security framework. To verify the definitions and to expedite standardization, all truck manufacturers implemented the PSF and this was tested in several multi-brand settings to conclude that the specifications result in technically feasible solutions.


Objective: In the present research, a clear systematic investigation of antibacterial and antioxidant potential of ambadi variety of P. betle of Mysore region has been carried out. Methods : Antibacterial activity of aqueous and solvent extracts of Piper betle L. was evaluated by agar cup diffusion and disc diffusion methods against some common pathogenic bacteria. The antioxidant property of all the solvent extracts were evaluated by diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. The IC 50 values were calculated and compared with standard BHT and AA. Results : The results indicated that methanol and chloroform extracts of this variety recorded significant antibacterial activity and all the extracts recorded good radical scavenging capacity. Phytochemical analysis revealed that phenols, tannins, flavanoids, glycosides and proteins are present in aqueous, methanol and petroleum ether extracts. Conclusion : The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that P. betle extracts has a significant potential to use as antibacterial agent. The free radical scavenging capability by DPPH was better and IC 50 value found was lesser than the standard used for all the extracts, which suggest that P. betle extracts have potent antioxidant activity. The solvent extracts are effective against free radical mediated diseases


Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the most important food legumes grown worldwide. Its cultivation in India is hampered considerably due to regular occurrence of root knot nematode and reported to reduce the chickpea yield by 9-40%. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate some chickpea germplasm for resistance against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The field experiment was also conducted for the management of root-knot nematode infesting chickpea with seven treatments including an untreated control. Mainly the experiment was conducted to check the efficacy of some biopesticides. Result: The screening result revealed that none of the germplasm was found highly resistant against the root knot nematode, however three germplasms exhibited moderately resistant reaction having root gall index between 2.1 to 3.0. All the treatments were significantly superior over the untreated control in reducing the root-knot nematode population, gall index and increasing yield of chickpea at termination. However, soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 20 g/m2 + Neem cake @ 100 g/m2 was found to be the most effective in reducing root-knot nematode population (47.88%) and increasing the yield of chickpea (50.20%) at termination. This was followed by soil application of Perpureocillium lilacinum @ 20 g/m2 + Neem Cake @ 100 g/m2. The reduction in root knot nematode population and increase of yield over control were 37.46% and 36.40% respectively.


The study focused on the rhetorical variation of abstracts written by experts and Chinese undergraduates by investigating 60 RA abstracts in applied linguistics. Santos' (1996) 5-move model was adopted as the analytical framework. The results showed that abstracts by the two groups of writers shared Move 2, 3 and 4 as conventional. However, the move pattern did vary a lot among them. With regard to verb tense, despite the similar tendency of using present tense in Move 1, 2 and 5, there were great differences in all the five moves in terms of occurrence frequency. The findings have significant pedagogical implications for novice writers' abstracting in applied linguistics. KEYWORD: Abstracting; RA; Rhetorical Structure; Authorial Variation


The farmland share cooperation system is a institutional innovation,while many problems arises during It's development.This paper aims to solve those problems and pointed out some solutions.First of all,the farmland share cooperation system should be based on the fact that the non-agriculture income became the main income source to the farmers;Secondly,the special legal status of the farmland share cooperation organization should be established;Thirdly.The farmer's long-term,stable income should be guarantied;the last one,the responsibilities of the sponsor and other farmer shareholders should be distinguished.


A basic consideration in large-scale assessments that use constructed response (CR) items, such as essays, is how to allocate the essays to the raters that score them. Designs that are used in practice are incomplete, in that each essay is scored by only a subset of the raters, and also unbalanced, in that the number of essays scored by each rater differs across the raters. In addition, all of the possible rater pairs may not be used. The present study examines the effects of these factors on parameter recovery and classification accuracy using simulations of a latent class model based on signal detection theory (SDT). Many tests also include more than one CR item, which introduces a nested or hierarchical structure into the design, in that raters are nested within essays (i.e., there are multiple raters per essay) and essays are nested within examinees (i.e., each examinee provides two or more essays). A hierarchical rater model (HRM) has previously been developed to recognize the nested structure. A version of the HRM that incorporates a latent class signal detection model in the first level, referred to as the HRM-SDT model, is presented. Parameter recovery in the HRM-SDT model is examined in simulations. The model is applied to data from several ETS tests.


Modern cellular networks utilising the long-term evolution (LTE) and the coming 5G set of standards face an ever-increasing demand for mobile data with low latency from connected devices. Header compression is employed to minimise the overhead for IP-based cellular network traffic, thereby decreasing the overall bandwidth usage, which consequently results in decreased delay for transmissions. In this paper, we evaluate a basic linear function to predict Robust Header Compression version 2's (RFC 5225) RTP compression savings on-the-fly, which will enable the compression to adapt to varying channel conditions dynamically. We find that this approach can achieve more than 90% accuracy for low error rates while being computationally non-demanding. This will aid future compressors to minimise compression overhead, thereby increasing the compression gain even further.


When chick-embryo-liver nuclei were incubated with NAD, incorporation of [3H]dTMP into the acid-insoluble fraction by either endogenous or exogenous DNA polymerase was enhanced. An NAD concentration of 1 mM was sufficient for maximal stimulation of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, the stimulation of DNA synthesis was proportional to the amounts of poly(ADP-ribose) formed in the nuclei.

With a constituted system for DNA synthesis, it was observed that when small amounts of DNA were employed as template, the DNA synthesis increased in the presence of NAD-treated extract of the nuclei compared to that in the presence of the untreated extract. The NAD-treated extract is heat-stable for enhancement of DNA synthesis. The nuclease activity as catalyzed by exogenous pancreatic DNase I in the presence of NAD/heat-treated extract was higher than that in the presence of heat-treated extract, when small amounts of [3H]DNA were employed as substrate.

The DNAs isolated from the [3H]thymidine-labelled nuclei were prepared from chick embryo liver, incubated with NAD, and then analyzed by ultracentrifugation in an alkaline sucrose gradient. We found the formation of smaller fragments by endonucleolytic cleavage to be enhanced.

These results strongly suggest that the stimulation of DNA synthesis by poly(ADP-ribose) formation is due to an increase in accessibility of nuclease to DNA as a result of the template activation.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light source unit and an irradiation apparatus, capable of sufficiently suppressing blur of an outline while suppressing uneven illuminance of light extending in a disposition direction of light emitting elements.SOLUTION: A plurality of ellipsoidal reflection surfaces 35 provided with emission apertures 31 between focal points F1 and focal points F2 are disposed so that major axes of the ellipsoidal reflection surfaces 35 are made to be mutually in parallel and are made to be partly overlapped, LEDs 9 are disposed at each F1, and an ends of the side of focal points F1 of the ellipsoidal reflection surfaces 35 are made to be paraboloidal reflection surfaces 37.


Pentane inhibited the cell lysis of Micrococcus lysodeikticus by egg-white lysozyme, when added to the lysozyme solution before mixing the cells. The pentane inhibition was not observed when pentane was added either before to the cell suspensions or to the cell-lysozyme mixture. The degree of pentane inhibition was proportional to the concentration of pentane, and the maximum inhibition was achieved with about 5% pentane close to the saturation point. On the other hand, pentane did not inhibit the hydrolysis of glycol chitin by the lysozyme, showing that the β-1,4-glucosaminidase activity of lysozyme remained unchanged. The inhibitory action of pentane on the lysozyme-induced cell lysis was of a competitive nature. The pentane inhibition had no ph-dependence, but it was influenced by the ionic strength of the buffer used as solvent.When the lysozyme solution was treated with pentane, a characteristic ultraviolet spectrum of lysozyme was produced; a blue shift with a minimum at 280 nm and a trough at 291 n...


In the current dynamic probabilistic algorithm, the retransmission probability (pt) has always been formulated as a linear/non-linear function of a single variable, namely, the number of first-hop neighbors (k), and therefore denoted as pt(k). The performance of the probabilistic algorithm has severely suffered in the presence of noise due to the reduction in the probability of reception (pc) of route request packets by receiving nodes. This chapter presents a detailed description of a new dynamic probabilistic algorithm in which pt is determined as a function of k and pc, and therefore, it is referred to as the Dynamic Noise-Dependent Probabilistic (DNDP) algorithm. The DNDP algorithm is implemented using the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Simulator (MANSim), which is used to simulate a number of scenarios to evaluate and compare the performance of the algorithm with pure flooding and fixed and dynamic probabilistic algorithms. The simulation's results demonstrated that the DNDP algorithm provides an excellent performance in various network conditions, where it almost maintains the same network reach-ability in noiseless and noisy environments, with the noisy environments inflicting an insignificant increase in the number of redundant retransmissions. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-0191-8.ch008


Most states face increasing pressure to issue more and heavier overweight truck permits. Current permit checking methods of many states adopt the AASHTO rating concept with or without an overstress criterion. However, the AASHTO rating procedure is intended to cover only normal traffic, and the basis of these overstress criteria has not been well documented. In this paper, first current practice of overweight permit checking in New York State is reviewed. Development of an overload-permit checking procedure is then attempted, based on uniform bridge safety. Weigh-in-motion data and New York State permit data are used to model live load effects. Annual and trip permits are covered. With a general load-resistance-factor (LRF) checking procedure proposed to account for low appearance frequencies of overweight trucks, future steps towards its implementation are also discussed.


The PRIME Registry is a population health and performance improvement tool for clinicians and practices. It extracts patient data from the physician's electronic health record and turns it into actionable measures. PRIME is registered as a qualified clinical data registry and specialty registry open


Due to the lack of proper instrumentations and the difficulties in underwater measurements, the studies about water bottom vibration induced by underwater drilling blasting are seldom reported. In order to investigate the propagation and attenuation laws of blasting induced water bottom vibration, a water bottom vibration monitor was developed with consideration of the difficulties in underwater measurements. By means of this equipment, the actual water bottom vibration induced by underwater drilling blasting was measured in a field experiment. It shows that the water bottom vibration monitor could collect vibration signals quite effectively in underwater environments. The followed signal analysis shows that the characteristics of water bottom vibration and land ground vibration induced by the same underwater drilling blasting are quite different due to the different geological environments. The amplitude and frequency band of water bottom vibration both exceed those of land ground vibration. Water bottom vibration is mainly in low-frequency band that induced by blasting impact directly acts on rock. Besides the low-frequency component, land vibration contains another higher frequency band component that induced by followed water hammer wave acts on bank slope.


Mn-doped ZnO, a dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS), has been prepared in nanocrystalline form by using a soft chemical route. The concurrent diffusional growth of both nanocrystalline Mn-doped ZnO and secondary spinel phase ZnMn2O4 in annealed samples have been studied by using a modified Rietveld method and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Rietveld analysis reveals that both the compounds start growing when Mn concentration is lower and the volume fraction of crystalline spinel phase ZnMn2O4 decreases sharply when Mn concentration increases. TEM study indicates that average particle sizes of both the phases are in nanometer dimensions and are highly crystalline in nature. Magnetization increases initially and then almost saturates with the increase of Mn concentration. The enhanced magnetization could be a combined effect of Mn ions and surface ferromagnetism of nanoparticles.


Cycle slip detection and repair play important roles in the processing of data from dual-frequency GPS receivers onboard low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. To detect and repair cycle slips more comprehensively, an enhanced error method (EEM) is proposed. EEM combines single-frequency and narrow-lane carrier phase observations to construct special observations and observation equation groups. These special observations differ across time and satellite (ATS). ATS observations are constructed by three steps. The first step is differencing single-frequency and narrow-lane observations through a time difference (TD). The second step is to select a satellite as a reference satellite and other satellites as nonreference satellites. The third step is to difference the single-frequency TD observations from the reference satellite and the narrow-lane TD observations from the nonreference satellites by a satellite difference. If cycle slips occur at the reference satellite, the correction values for these ATS observations can be significantly enlarged. To process all satellites, the EEM selects each satellite as a reference satellite and builds the corresponding equation group. The EEM solves these observation equation groups according to the weighted least-squares adjustment (LSA) criterion and obtains the correction values; these correction values are then used to construct the

 χ

 2

 values corresponding to different equation groups, and the EEM subsequently carries out a chi-square distribution test for these

 χ

 2

 . The satellite corresponding to the maximum

 χ

 2

 will be marked. Then, the EEM iteratively processes the other satellites. Cycle slips can be estimated by rounding the float solutions of changes in the ambiguities of cycle slip satellites to the nearest integer. The simulation test results show that the EEM can be used to detect special cycle slip pairs such as (1, 1) and (9, 7). The EEM needs only observation data in two adjacent epochs and is still applicable to observation epochs with continuous cycle slips.


Some natural resources such as gravel are not renewable, therefore, it is necessary to reduce the use of such resources and replace them with other recycled, economic, and environmentally friendly materials. Recycled crushed concrete aggregates demolished from old buildings and blocks of waste concrete can be used to replace the natural aggregates. The present study focused on using recycled crushed concrete in improvement the chemical and geotechnical properties of soft soil having undrained shear strength of 6.78 kPa. The soft soil samples were mixed with 5, 10, and 15% of crushed concrete. The blocks of waste concrete are grinded by mills to get crushed concrete which passing sieve no. 4. Such aggregates are lighter than natural aggregates and provide a good deformation modulus when mixed with soil. In Iraq, there are hundred thousand tons of concrete blocks used as fences and now considered wastes after removing these security fences, so it's important to interest from recycling of such materials to be used in the improvement wide region of soft soils in Iraq. The results of tests showed increasing the undrained shear strength of soft soil by 175-193.5% and reduced the compressibility of soft by 25-31% measured in terms of compression index.


As the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK slowly wanes, controversy wages over the more than 63,000 excess deaths between mid-March and mid-May 2020, a figure which will increasing substantially over the summer and may be the largest in any European country. Deaths in residential care homes make a huge contribution to this toll: estimated at over 22,000, they represent more than 1 in 20 of the 430,000 residents in these homes compared to mortality of less than 1 per 1000 in the rest of the population. The Johnson government's policy was strongly criticised by independent experts before it introduced a lockdown on 23 March, and it is widely believed that policy contributed to the large death tolls, including its partial 'seeding' of care home deaths by hospitals discharging untested COVID sufferers into them.


Introduction: Globally, every year, more than 6 million people die because of tobacco use. 20% of all global deaths attributed to tobacco occur in India. The behavioral difference in the rural and urban communities is an important aspect of tobacco problem in the country. In this context, we conducted a community-based cross-sectional study to determine the effect of area (rural-urban) in predicting tobacco consumption pattern. Materials and Methods: A community-based observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural and an urban community of West Bengal from May 2014 to April 2015. A predesigned pretested schedule adapted from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey India Questionnaire was used for data collection. Males above 15 years of age, residing in the study areas, were interviewed during house-to-house visit. Results: Data obtained from the interview of 704 males (352 each from urban and rural area) above 15 years revealed that the prevalence of current tobacco use in any form is significantly higher in rural area (75.6%) than in urban area (67.6%). This was related to the fact that awareness and perception of the people in rural areas are significantly less than their urban counterparts. In bivariate analysis satisfactory consumption pattern was significantly more in urban area but when adjusted with all potentially explanatory variables, the odds of satisfactory consumption pattern in urban area was attenuated significantly. Conclusion: An appropriate intervention strategy, based on local area-wise behaviors of people to curb out the menace of tobacco use, is the need of the hour.


Objective To analyze the adverse drug reactions(ADR) of Ciwujia injection and the relative in uence factors.Methods We searched all clinical studies and ADR reports of Ciwujia injection from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) database.The relevant information such as the diseases for treatment;menstruum,dosage and compatibility of Ciwujia injection;the age,gender and allergic history of patients;and the category,treatment and prognosis of ADR were collected and analyzed.Results In the 800 clinical studies,only 97(12.1%) reported 285 ADR cases,144 ADR reports including 236 ADR cases.Of the ADR cases,the male to female ratio was 1:1.34,mainly in 40 to 69 years group;The ADR cases mainly including anaphylactic shock and local pain in ADR reports and clinical studies,respectively;72.3 percent ADR cases were Ⅲ to Ⅳ class,4 anaphylactic shock cases died;the diseases for treatment of ADR cases mainly were coronary artery heart disease and cerebral infarction;27(11.4%) ADR cases had allergic history;The menstruum of Ciwujia injection mainly were 5% glucose,0.9% NaCl and 10% glucose,drug incompatibility in 36 ADR cases;The usual dosage of Ciwujia injection was 20-60 ml;196(83.0%) ADR cases occurred in rst time medication,mainly in the early 30 minutes of medication used.Conclusion(1) In both ADR reports and clinical studies of Ciwujia injection,there are some problems of ADR and adverse drug events(AE) were not easily distinguishable,key information of total prescriptions divided by drug persons were lacking,so we can't calculate the ADR rate,the reporting quality remained to be improved.(2) To support the rational drug use,the basic researches of Ciwujia injection remains to be further studied,especially the dose-nding studies.(3) As one of the most frequently reported ADR of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) injection,high quality ADR monitoring,normative ADR reporting and timely analyzing the ADR reason of Ciwujia injection is extremely urgent.


Mass-spectral and n.m.r. analysis of thiophenes labeled by exchange with deuteriosulfuric acid establishes that exchange at the 2 and 5 positions is essentially complete before any deuterium is incorporated at positions 3 and 4. Thus, such exchange is a satisfactory procedure for position-specific labeling. Mass spectra of the labeled thiophenes show that about 60% of the [CHS]+ ion yield is derived from molecular ions that have not undergone prior rearrangement. The remaining 40% arises by a path or paths in which the four hydrogen atoms lose position identity. Other decomposition paths contributing to the mass spectrum are characterized by more nearly complete scrambling of hydrogens.


The aim of this study was to analyze how salinity limits tomato plant productivity by affecting the source-sink relationships through changes in major hormonal concentrations and some sink-specific enzyme activities. We studied how those changes are related to both the limiting (fruit and shoot growth impairment and induced leaf senescence) and adaptive (biomass reallocation) processes imposed by the stress, in respect to the classical view of ionic relations. Accordingly, seedlings of Solanum lycopersicum L. were maintained in nutrient solution in the presence of moderate salt stress varying from 75 to 100 mM NaCl. Temporal correlations between PSII efficiency decline and changes in different hormone and ion concentrations were established in developing leaves. Changes in bioactive cytokinins (zeatin+zeatin-riboside, Z+ZR) and the ethylene precursor ACC concentrations and their ratios were the best hormonal parameters explaining the onset and progression of leaf senescence, prior to massive Na+ accumulation. Moreover, the differential auxin (indole acetic acid, IAA) and cytokinin (Z) responses in leaves and roots were well related to both the salinity-induced decrease in shoot vigour and the shift in biomass allocation to the roots, in agreement with changes in the activity of the sink-related enzyme cell wall invertase. Direct or indirect manipulation of hormonal concentrations and distribution were also investigated either through different strategies: exogenous hormonal application, grafting on wild tomato relatives, or the use of transgenics. An indirect but genetic evidence for the hormonal implication in salt tolerance was provided by a grafting approach. Accordingly, a tomato cultivar was grafted onto rootstocks from a population of recombinant inbred lines derived from a Solanum lycopersicum x S. cheesmaniae cross and cultivated under moderate salinity. The rootstock-mediated leaf xylem K+ (but not Na+), K+/Na+, the active cytokinin Z, the ratio Z/ZR, and especially the ratio between cytokinins and ACC (Z+ZR/ACC) were positively loaded into the first principal component determining both leaf growth and PSII efficiency. In contrast, the ratio ACC/ABA was negatively correlated with leaf biomass. These results highlight a pivotal role for CKs, probably in interaction with K+, in tomato salt tolerance. Alterations of source-sink relationships, rather than Na+, seem to be also a major cause for the decreased pollen viability and induced flower abortion under salinity, and thus negatively affecting fruit yield. Hence, the influence of both metabolic (sucrose metabolism) and hormonal factors on the fruit sink activity and strength, and hence on the overall fruit yield, in tomato plants growing under salinity was also studied. Different classical and functional physiological approaches have been integrated: from the spray and pray of the exogenous hormonal application, to the clone and play of the CIN1 (cell wall invertase) and IPT (de novo cytokinins biosynthesis) gene expression regulation. Similar metabolic and hormonal changes were observed in both transgenic CIN1 and grafted onto rootstock-IPT plants that increased not only fruit weight but also fruit number. Those positive effects were due to a lower flower abortion and higher fruit strength, which was related to (i) a higher sucrolytic activities or lower inhibition by salinity (sink activity); and/or (ii) a higher activity of the mature leaves (source activity).


The delay due to the dielectric constant of an interlayer film results in the limited performance of very large-scale integrated circuits (VLSI). One solution to this problem is the use of a low-dielectric-constant interlayer film such as F-doped SiO2. We were able to obtain F-doped SiO2 films with dielectric constants as low as 2.3 and good step coverage by adding CF4 to SiH4/N2O plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Our study focuses on the mechanism of the decrease in the dielectric constant and that of process improvement. It appears that a decrease in the dielectric constant is due to the decrease in the ionic polarization. The change in the Si–O stretching mode due to CF4 addition seems to be the most important factor in the decrease in the dielectric constant. The improvement of the step coverage and the decrease in the film growth rate are due to the decrease in the sticking probability of the film-forming species.


Based on the microwave network theory,the topological structure and the basic theory of both the microwave narrow-band gain equalizer and the microwave wide-band gain equalizer have been analyzed in this paper.Two microwave circuit examples are presented to approve that the gain flatness is greatly improved by the gain equalizing technoloy.


The hydrodynamic theory of the nematic liquid crystals was established by Ericksen [ 4 ] and Leslie [ 8 ]. In this paper, based on a new technique, we obtain global well-posedness to a simplified model introduced by Lin [ 9 ] in the critical Besov space with Cannone type initial data and large vertical velocity, which improves the main result in [ 15 ]. In addition, the small condition on \begin{document} $u_0$ \end{document} is independent of another small condition on \begin{document} $d_0-\bar{d}_0$ \end{document} , which is quite different from the previous works [ 15 , 16 ].


There are few data evaluating the long‐term outcomes of intersphincteric resection (ISR), especially the impact of inclusion of more juxtapositioned and intra‐anal tumours on oncological and functional outcomes. We compared the oncological and functional results of patients treated by total mesorectal excision and ISR for low rectal cancer over a 25‐year period.


One of the central design parameters required for the planning of future MVDS broadcasting is the minimum allowable terrestrial spacing of coverage areas to allow interference-free frequency re-use. The aim of the Essex/DTI project is to set up a 41 GHz experiment over coastal terrain which will simulate a path likely to experience meteorological conditions leading to anomalous millimetric propagation. The results will allow statistical data to be gathered so that the likely mutual interference between copolarised MVDS's can be measured and design criteria established. It is hoped to add a cross-polarised receive chain to provide similar information for the evaluation of interference between cross-polarised systems.


The management, design, and redesign of educative centers are performed usually by means of criteria that do not consider in detail the social, environmental, and financial impact of the daily activities in the institution. This fact may move away the design and management processes from daily reality, which can provide with a huge amount of data to be considered by human decision makers. The purpose of this paper is to describe a decision support system for the managers of a vocational training center that may help them make the best decisions for improving the effectiveness of the educative process. This tool arises as a combination of the Life Cycle Assessment methodology and the simulation of a Petri net model of the educative institution.


What do you do to start reading winning the job interview game new strategies for getting hired? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this winning the job interview game new strategies for getting hired.


This chapter seeks to identify the role of social capital in the private, community-based provision of a public good, in this case, trash collection. The community aspect is vitally important because trash collection involves positive externalities that lead to limited incentives for individual action. Trash collection is also an activity in which collective action is warranted because individual action does not have much impact. Why are some communities better able to organize themselves for the collective good than others? Given the same impetus, what community characteristics lead to activism in some neighborhoods and not in others? The garbage collection system in Dhaka, Bangladesh, involves municipal pick-up from large dumpsters placed in central areas, with municipal workers responsible for collecting trash from smaller dumpsters located in alleys and side streets and transporting it to the main dumpsters. However, municipal employees are unreliable and frequently fail to collect the trash on a regular basis. In response, some communities, funded by voluntary contributions from community members, have hired private contractors to undertake local trash collection. Other, apparently similar, neighborhoods have not managed to successfully organize an alternative to the municipal service. Why have some communities or neighborhoods displayed such initiative while others have not? We conjecture that "social capital," which we equate with community cohesiveness, is a critical determinant of such collective action. The cohesiveness of the community is, in turn, a function of factors such as customary or traditional interactions and institutions, a common heritage, values, and ethnic or religious background.


In the review the rules of emulsions' classification were presented. Microemulsions, being the subject of the work, were generally characterized (Fig. 1-5, Table 1). Some most important features of practical applications of reversed microemulsions (w/o type) were discussed in detail, namely processes of polymerization or copolymerization accomplished in such environment, formation of nanometric inorganic particles (Fig. 6), bioorganic syntheses using enzymes (Fig. 7) as well as the performance organic syntheses with hydrophilic and hydrophobic reagents.


tions as dependent rather than independent variables and, second, for amending the (mostly quantitative) literature on electoral reform with (rational choiceinspired) qualitative case studies. From this perspective, Alan Renwick is, third, able to challenge conventional wisdom on electoral reform, arguing that there is no unilinear trend towards proportional representation as assumed by Josep Colomer. To make the vast area of electoral reform accessible for qualitative research, Renwick examines only major electoral system changes from majority rule to proportional representation in established democracies. This leaves him with six cases in four countries: the French shift to PR and then back to majority rule in 1985 and 1986; the introduction of a mixed-member majoritarian system and the shift back to PR in Italy in 1993 and 2005; the 1993 switch to PR in New Zealand; and, finally, the introduction of a mixed-member majoritarian system in Japan in 1994. Depending on whether political elites retain control of the reform process, Renwick differentiates between four different types of electoral reform, two of which occurred in his cases: 'elite majority imposition' (redistributive reforms where politicians retain control) in France and in Italy in 2005, and 'elite–mass interaction' (where politicians only partially retain control) in Italy in 1993, New Zealand and Japan. The major independent variables of the book are actors' motives, their preferences (and the exogenous mechanisms transforming the former into the latter) and variables endogenous to the reform process, namely leadership and path dependency. Renwick's major finding is that each reform process took its own specific path, rendering generalisations difficult. He shows that there is no relationship between the effective number of parties and reform outcomes as proposed by Colomer. Instead, 'the complexity of electoral reforms must be regarded as part of the main action, not as inconvenient noise on the sidelines' (p. 250). This is most certainly true. My only concern is that applying 19 propositions, 8 leadership strategies and 4 mechanisms of path dependence to only 6 cases does not exactly provide the researcher with a top position on Sartori's ladder of abstraction. Put differently, as impressive as the framework is, its complexity might be one reason why it was difficult for Renwick to reach generalisable results. How to overcome the trade-off between formal rigour and parsimony is, however, a challenge all future comparative politics research will have to deal with. This book is definitely a benchmark in the discipline which deserves a wide audience of advanced students and scholars alike.