American Steel Foundries introduced the Slackfree® Drawbar System to the North American Railroads in 1983. The system operated without significant problems until early 1993 when a series of yard derailments was reported on the CP Rail System. Derailments reportedly took place under empty or lightly loaded three platform container well cars. These cars were equipped with a shorter length drawbar system, developed in 1991, during facing point moves (in buff) through number 9 turnouts.
 A series of yard tests conducted by the CP Rail in 1993 concluded that a sufficient lateral load applied to the car at the striker casting height would initiate near wheel lift on the truck ahead of the drawbar system under an empty platform as the car negotiated the number 9 turnouts. Yard tests also showed that the steel components inside the drawbar assembly could interact with the car geometry in a way that inhibits free lateral angling of the drawbar as the car advanced through certain curves.
 ASF initiated a series of laboratory tests to determine the behavior of the system under conditions simulating the CP Rail Yard experiences. Tests were designed specifically to determine what might contribute to higher than intended lateral forces on the system including: (1) Component manufacture (tolerance, etc.), (2) Effect of non-lubrication, (3) Dynamic component behavior and (4) The mechanics of binding or jamming.
 The results of the extensive laboratory investigation revealed that heavy draft loads on the system caused deflections that allowed the slack adjusting wedge to over-adjust, which, in turn, tended to inhibit free lateral angling of the drawbar. A solution was developed which allows the wedge to take up slack due to wear within the system without over-adjusting when the system is heavily stretched.


India has rich diversity of annual oilseed crops on account of diverse agro-ecological conditions. Nine annual oilseeds, which include seven edible oilseeds, viz., groundnut, rapeseed-mustard, soybean, sunflower, sesame, safflower and niger and two nonedible crops viz., castor and linseed are grown in the country. Cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is the main source of edible oil. It ranks second to soybean in worldwide vegetable oil production. Commercially available sunflower contains 39 to 49 per cent oil in the seed.


A queue will occur if the average number of arrivals exceeds the capacity of service facilities. Fast food restaurants are one of the places that usually have long queues at lunchtime and dinner time. KFC in Bali, located in the village of Sanur, is a fast food restaurant that is experiencing long queues. This is because this restaurant is located in a tourism area and the only KFC outlet on the Ngurah Rai Sanur bypass line and does not yet have a drive-thru service. The current condition at KFC Sanur is that there is more than one service facility, disciplined first come first service (FCFS) queues according to the multi channel single phase queuing model. After being analyzed with data taken before the pandemic period on November 18, 2019 to December 1, 2019 for 14 days during weekdays and weekends, it was found that the performance of the KFC Sanur queue system would have a smaller utility level if there were 3 active server. The total cost per customer if there are 2 active server is IDR 78,692.38 and if there are 3 server is IDR 75,788.45. Based on the results of this analysis, it can be concluded that it will be more optimal if there are 3 active server.


Metal nanowires are usually strong but are not able to maintain a high plastic flow due to a lack of strain hardening. In this study, we investigated the tensile deformation of a new category of metal nanowires with hollow interiors by atomistic simulations – the so-called metal nanotubes – and revealed that they possess a combination of ultrahigh strength and plastic flow. In particular, it was found that by controlling the wall thickness and axial orientation, ultrahigh plastic flow stress of more than 2 GPa could be maintained at up to 60% tensile strain in Au nanotubes, whereas the solid Au nanowires of similar size yielded at tensile strain of less than 5%, after which the stress dropped immediately below 1 GPa. Furthermore, a universal trend of surface reconstruction to the energetically favorable close-packed {111} orientation was found in Au nanotubes regardless of the initial orientation, which may be responsible for the unique plasticity in Au nanotubes with extremely thin walls. 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Abstract This article highlights the economic and ecological value of the water resource systems of Ecuador's páramo and montane forest region and gives a description, based on a survey of recent literature, of the mechanisms controlling the rainfall–runoff process and how changes in land use alter the transformation. The review reveals that available understanding is partial, the result of individual and isolated research efforts, and is hindered by a lack of long-term complete and consistent data sets. Available knowledge does not yet permit up- and downscaling of findings. The article concludes by (1) citing some of the major gaps that impede hydrological understanding of the tropical Andean ecosystems and (2) proposing recommendations to speed up understanding and development of policies and measures to guarantee ecologically safe and sustainable development of the fragile water-based ecosystems of Ecuador's tropical Andean region.


Estrogen promotes secondary female sex characteristics, including breast enlargement. Since excessive breast hypertrophy is unrelated to elevated serum estrogen levels, it has been postulated that the enlarged breast is a hypersensitive "target organ." At the cellular level, estrogen crosses the cell membrane, is bound to a cyto- plasmic estrogen receptor (ER), and induces the formation of specific anabolic proteins. In breast cancer, this estrogen receptor is regarded as a measure of the sensitivity of the cell to estrogen. To determine if mammary hypertrophy is related to an increase in the number of estrogen receptors, we assayed breast tissue, not fat, from 25 consecutive breast reductions. The median age of patients was 26 years (17 to 77 years), with 752 gm per breast removed on average. Twenty-four percent of the patients were taking estrogens, primarily birth control bills. Cellular estrogen-receptor status was measured by a standardized cytosol extraction radioactive estradiol technique. Estrogen receptors were undetectable (< 3 fmol/mg cytosol protein) in all patients. We conclude that estrogen receptors alone, and hence estrogen, are not a determinant in mammary hypertrophy. If the enlarged breast is a "target organ," it is by another mechanism.


Supplying a sufficient amount of available iron (Fe) for plant growth in pot culture is a great challenge. The chelators commonly used to supply Fe in pot culture have several advantages and positively affect plant growth. In this research study we have synthesized certain Fe – amino acid and Fe – organic acid chelates, including Fe – glycinate, Fe – citrate and Fe – EDTA and evaluated their efficacy as a Fe source for blackgram grown in pot culture. FTIR analysis shows unbound glycine from chelated one. Free glycine exhibit a vibration peak at 2920 cm-1 that disappear upon chelate formation. The peak at 2920 cm-1 due to twisting vibrating of NH2 groups. Disappearing of this peak indicates that new coordinate bond is formed through the terminal amine groups. The peak at 3153.04 cm-1 and 1327.75 cm-1 is due to weak stretching of symmetric and asymmetric amine vibration. As compared to the position of bands in the spectrum of iron glycinate confirms the chelation of said amino acid with Fe2+ ions. The pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar and soil application of amino acid and organic acid chelated iron on growth of blackgram. The results showed that the foliar spraying of 1% ferrous glycinate resulted in maximum Fe, Zn content, leaf active iron, Catalase and Peroxidase activity. Higher activity of Catalase and Peroxidase confirmed the improvement in plant Fe status. Between the soil and foliar application foliar spraying is better in improving the plant micronutrient content which was evidenced from higher enzyme activities.


The nucleocapsid protein 409 bp gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) was amplified by RT-PCR.The gene was cloned into prokaryotic exprssing pGEX-KG vector,the recombinant plasmid pGEX-KG-N was transformed into E.coli BL21.The results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot indicated that the nucleocapsid protein gene was expressed in a high level and the recombinant fusion protein,which was about 41 000,had immunologically reactive activity.The recombinant plasmid was induced to express large-scale GST-N fusion protein,the induced recombinant bacteria were lysed by freeze-thaw and sonication.With the GST-Protein Purtification Kit,the target protein was purified by affinity chromatography,there is only one purpose bands,purity above 90%.Using recombinant nucleocapsid protein as antigen,an indirect ELISA for the detection of antibdoies against PRRSV was developed,and the ELISA kits were maded.The optimal coating concentration of antigen was determined by checker board titration and amounted to 2.5 mg/L of GST-N perwell,the serum sample for testing was diluted to 1:100 for detection.The sealing buffer was 1%BSA,and the cutoff was determined to be 0.224.Comparing this indirect ELISA with HerdChek ELISA kit,its sensitivity and specificity were 90%,95%,respectively,the correlation between the two ELISA methods was 92%.Meanwhile,it was confirmed that there was no cross reaction between the antibodies against other porcine viruses:PPV,PRV,JEV,PCV,CSFV.The variant coefficient of ELISA test kit in a batch and between batches varied from 3.44% to 6.34% and from 5.04% to 7.64%,respectively.The ELISA kit was stable at-20℃ at least for one year.The detection of serum samples of 350 sows by the ELISA revealed that the positive rate of sow serum reached 88.6%.All data in this study demonstrated that the recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based indirect ELISA would be an useful tool for routine diagnostics,epidemiological surveys and outbreak investigations.


Despite advances in diagnostic techniques and therapy,ovarian cancer is the most malignant cancer in women, and the first leading cause of cancer related death of the gynecologic malignancy. In each phase of the illness(surgery and chemotherapy,follow-up,relapse and sequential therapy,bowel obstruction and end of life),quality of life(QOL) is one of the most important considerations. In the recent years,the assessments of the quality of life in patients with ovarian cancer have increased. Different agents for the chemotherapy,intraperitoneal therapy,the timing for the chemotherapy,different therapy,and the therapeutic effect are all the influencing factors for the quality of life in the patients with ovarian cancer. The other factors such as psychological and emotional problems,family and social assistance,sexual issues and menopausal syndrome will also affect quality of life.


I liked the House of Lords with its families of accidental legislators. Hereditary peers were motivated by the unfashionable principle of noblesse oblige. Without them, all parliamentarians are driven by personal ambition, just like the rest of us.

The upper house still has 26 lords spiritual and a similar number of law lords. The third great profession, medicine, is underrepresented. There are noble doctors but they have been selected by the prime minister for their excellent personal qualities—despite (you feel) rather than because of their medical backgrounds. By contrast, bishops arrive in the house by "achieving seniority."

When the chamber is finally democratised, medicine, too, should be represented as of right. It consistently outscores other professions in terms of public respect. More importantly, doctors, even senior ones, still talk face to face with the people.

Law lords interact with commoners through the medium of other lawyers. Bishops communicate mainly with their coreligionists. Only doctors talk on a daily basis with a wide range of people about the things that the people really care about. This is reflected by the fact that when members of the House of Commons go back to their constituencies they hold "surgeries." They do not hold court or preach.

With so many lawyers in the lower house, the upper chamber should practise positive discrimination to include other professions. A starting point would be 26 elected lords medical. Nowadays, over half of medical graduates are women, so this group should have the correct gender balance.

Election would not be straightforward. Unfettered self nomination and alphabetism, as favoured by the General Medical Council, are undesirable. There should be an electoral college with lay people, some medical editors perhaps, and representatives from the melee of organisations which currently fail so dismally to give a single coherent voice to our profession.

The only rule regarding election of the lords medical would be that they should be aged under 45 when they begin their single 12 year term. This means that none of the medical grandees who could champion this change would benefit from it. A fatal weakness, perhaps, but it is still an idea worth archiving.


The authors study the Tl EO -PbEO systems by differential thermal, x-ray diffraction, and IR spectroscopic analyses. They tabulate data on the frequencies of IR band spectra for Tl2MoO4, PbMoO4, Tl2Pb(MoO4)2, and K2Pb(MoO4)2, and present in charts the phase diagram of the Tl2MoO4-PbMoO4 and Tl2WO4-PbWO4 systems and the IR spectra of double thallium lead molybdate and double potassium lead molybdate.


In Islamic history, the thought of al-Salafiyyah firstly occurred in Abbas Dynasty. In A.D.13 century, ibn Taimiyyah and his pupil ibn Qayyim are standard-bearers of this thought. This thought was against 'ilm al-'usūlu al-din debates which ilm al-kalm advocate and called on back to original Islamic Holy Quran. At the same time, ibn Taimiyyah advanced query for the first time about the theory of "door of al-Ijtihad closed" in order to prove that following the originality which al-Salafiyyah proposed was not doctrinaire and rigid. It is specially reasonable that ibn Qayyim proposed to pay attention to the reality and carry out rational al-Ijtihad.


families to main families, it is not in any way a systematic study of the family system, as the gratuitous sub-title might suggest. It is in the usual sauntering style that one expects from Yanagita. He did not, as the introduction confirms, believe in written sources, but collected all sorts of scraps and also large bodies of folklore, and presented a selection of it in each of his multitudinous writings. Here we are presented with his thoughts on the New Year and bon ceremonies, with much etymological discussion of terms from all over Japan, and the clues that they give to the primeval attitudes of the Japanese towards their ancestors. It is not unfair to Yanagita to say that he started with preconceived notions and marshalled his material to support them. In this work, his attempt to demonstrate that words like hotoke and bon are not really Buddhist in origin, but the diversion of pre-Buddhist terms into Buddhist usage, is not really successful. Nevertheless, it makes one think, and, as ever with Yanagita's writings, the book is a mine of material for many sorts of study.


Trees of the Aquilaria genus produce a fragrant resin and have had a long history of human use. In this study, the flowering and fruiting phenology of Aquilaria crassna is described, as well as the main reproductive system operating in A. crassna, growing in a cultivated environment. Sexual reproduction occurs annually, with a peak in flowering occurring during the dry season. Flowers are hermaphrodite borne on terminal branches. Flower anthesis typically occurred at night and the duration of the flowering and fruiting phases was 12.3 and 59.5 days respectively. Four simplified flower stages were identified: opening (0.2 to 1 day), open (2.3 to 3.6 days), closing (0.8 to 1.3 days) and closed-flower fall (1.4 to 7.4 days) or closed-fruit development (17 to 25 days). Stigma receptivity, determined using an esterase indicator, was recorded throughout the floweropen phase. Two simplified fruiting stages were identified: initiation (4 to 8 days) and maturation (25 to 58 days). Open pollinated flowers had a moderate to high fecundity with 14.5 to 46.7% of flowers setting seed. The A. crassna species demonstrated a mixed mating system that is primarily outcrossing. Hybridisation between A. baillonii (♂) and A. crassna (♀) was demonstrated.


According to Statistics, every year, about 610,000 people die because of heart disease in United States of America. (i.e. 1 in every 4 deaths.*) Heart disease is common for both men and women. Annually, about 370,000 people die because of coronary heart disease, which is the most common type of heart disease [1]. About 735,000 Americans have heart attack every year. In this, 210,000 people gets heart attack who already has heart problems and 525,000 people get heart attack for the first time [2]. Not many people know that they have heart problems. Around 47% of the people in United States of America have sudden cardiac arrests outside the hospitals [3]. To reduce the probability of death and to analyze the data of the body condition for the betterment of life, A wireless health monitoring system can be introduced. This health monitoring system is required for all ages of the people. In this fast moving busy world, wearable wireless health monitoring system is the most important system, which can continuously monitor the health of the patients/people. In this thesis, a wireless health monitoring system (A smart watch approach) can be developed which includes pulse and oxygen saturation. The health monitoring system is designed with the wearable (smart watch) approach, through which the above parameters are monitored that shows the variation from which the disease can be detected and diagnosed initially. For this, the sensor modules are implanted in the daily wearable like watch that can monitor the body condition in real time and can send the data to the computer via Bluetooth and to the medical centers via Global System for Mobile (GSM) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) where the doctors can monitor their patients and act when they are in an emergency.


Electromagnetic situation and concomitant destruction factors nearby nonconductive defects in conductors are investigated. Critical stress intensity factor is chosen as a criterion.


We exhibit a general static spherically symmetric solution of the Brans-Dicke vacuum field equations, which is valid in the weak field approximation. From this solution, we investigated the Newtonian limit obtaining general expressions for gravitational force and the corresponding potential. In addition, we obtain the metric solution for a "Yukawa" radial coordinate. PACS: 04.50.Kd, 04.25.Nx


Case Report Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) monitoring has been applied for an early detection of the intraoperative neurologic injury. As a landmark, baseline MEPs should be accurately measured before surgical interventions. Many anesthetics, especially neuromuscular blocking agents can attenuate MEPs, and residual neuromuscular blocking effects can interfere with accurate interpretation of MEPs. Therefore, it should be antagonized completely and rapidly before measuring the baseline MEPs. We evaluated the efficacy of sugammadex in antagonizing the residual effect of rocuronium for 10 patients. In all patients with administration of sugammadex dose of 2-4 mg/kg, neuromuscular blockade was completely reversed within 5 minutes after administration of sugammadex, even in the case with deep neuromuscular block (TOF count 0). Appropriate MEPs amplitudes were measured during the surgery after reversal, with previous mild, moderate even deep neuromuscular blockade depths. The residual effect of neuromuscular blockade before MEPs monitoring in spine surgery should be completely reversed, and the sugammadex showed a good efficacy in neuromuscular blockade reversal.


When the words 'alcohol' and 'skin cancer' are mentioned together, an image of people consuming alcoholic drinks in a sunny location while exposing themselves to skin cancer- inducing levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) readily comes to mind. And there is plenty of evidence to support such an asso- ciation. Alcohol consumption is linked to a variety of risk-tak- ing health behaviours, including getting sunburnt. 1 Thus, from a behavioural point of view, it would seem quite plausi- ble that, on average, frequent drinkers are more often affected by skin cancer than others.


-Some of the eight species of cacti studied in the Catavina area of Baja California appear to be important food and water sources for rabbits and rodents. The desert woodrat feeds heavily on the cardon, rabbits feed on the chollas and occasionally on the barrel cacti and smaller rodents hollow out the interior of barrels in feeding, and senita is fed upon by several animals. The animals appear to be selective to some extent: for example, rabbits utilize Opuntia acanthocarpa more than other chollas. A temperature probe study revealed that the larger stem diameter of the barrel cactus, Ferocactus gracilis, results in less variation in internal temperature but higher variation in surface temperature than occurs in the smaller stem of the senita or old-man cactus, Lophocereus schottii. At EI Crucero, three additional species of cacti, Opuntia spp. and Machaerocereus gummosus, were encountered; Ferocactus is less common and Lophocereus shows more association with mesquite than at Catavina, and the desert woodrat nests and feeds mainly in clumps of Yucca valida so that cardons are not utilized by the woodrat. The studies in general show that the ecological roles of cacti are much more varied and complex in desert ecosystems than has been commonly recognized. Cacti as a group tend to be rather conspicuous and recognizable, even at a distance, in the desert environment. Medium and large species often seem to dominate ecologically over large areas. In the Central Desert of Baja California, only the boojum (Idria columnaris Kell.) rivals the cacti for conspicuousness. Yet, in making detailed studies in the Cataviiia region (Bratz, 1976), members of the College of Idaho Desert Ecology Expedition found that less conspicuous plant species (Larrea tridentata in particular) may have appreciably higher frequencies than any of the cacti. Clearly the cacti are important elements of the flora and of the ecology of the desert. Eight species occur in the Catavina area (Fig. 1). Table 1 indicates the relative abundance of five of these as ascertained from our transect studies. Nomenclature is from Benson (1969) and Shreve and Wiggins (1964). Table 1. Density of cactus species in Catavina area; the four transects totaled 536 m in length by 20 m wide or slightly over one hectare. Each column gives the number of plants tallied in each circa 1/4 hectare area transect. Transects Stems Pellets Burrows #1 #2 #3 #4 Total Chewed Below Near Echinocereus engelmannii 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Ferocactus gracilis 8 12 1 6 27 8 1 5 Lophocereus schoWi 4 3 2 2 11 8 1 4 Opuntia acanthocarpa 46 56 31 39 171 84 56 52 Opuntia molesta 0 3 0 7 10 2 0 2


One kind of frame structure, which is made of plastic material molded integrally, the frame structure is a closed housing, and which is formed with at least one toothed structure to facilitate the deformed frame structure. Toothed structure comprises teeth, tooth portion comprising a plurality of spaced teeth at least one rectangular portion and at least one trapezoidal toothing. Dimensions of the frame structure can be fine-tuned in order to facilitate assembly.


Method and entity UTRAN providing traffic allocation for multi-carrier transmission in sharing RAN, wherein each carrier of the plurality of mobile network operators using a primary carrier on which signaling and traffic transported and can use the other carriers and carriers of non-dedicated extension for at least some users for some time, when resources are available in these carriers extension. Double cell with two operators, calls from user equipment (UE1) of an operator A are set to their primary carrier (1) assigned in a frequency band f1, while another operator B has another carrier that operates in a band frequency f2 to assign dedicated calls from the user equipment (UE2, UE3) operator B. a carrier extension (2) f2 with extensibility assigned to users in double cell of operator a can be used by the operator B as its primary to assign signaling and bearer traffic.


This paper presents a simulation study of a polluted insulator under a direct lightning impulse current. The pollution condition was considered and divided into two cases which are partial and full pollution. Under those conditions, the electromagnetic profiles of the insulator were evaluated. In the study, six points of measurement recognised as the weak points of the insulator were introduced to be evaluated. Meanwhile the electric field and magnetic field values at the points were related to the common discharge and damage of polymer insulators. It was found that the pollution condition effectively influenced the electric field and magnetic field profile. A significant difference in the electric field value indicated at least 65.15 % in both cases. For the magnetic field, at least a 10.9 % percentage difference was recorded.


The authors mention the use ofcaffeine as a poss ible measure for lowering seizure threshold. Sub sequent to the case report which they cite (Shapira et a!, 1985), we have evaluated the effect of pre-ECT administration of caffeine sodium benzoate on seiz ure parameters in a controlled study (Shapira et a!, 1987). The results supported our original obser vation and showed a significant increase in seizure duration during treatments preceded by caffeine ad ministration. Caffeine did not induce untoward hae modynamic effects, nor a greater degree of cognitive impairment than is normally associated with ECT, and was subjectively well-tolerated. These findings have been borne out by other studies (e.g. Hinkle et a!, 1987). The patient reported by Drs Sharpe & Andrew eventually remitted following lithium sup plementation of ongoing treatment with amitrypti line and chlorpromazine. We have recently reported (Shapira et a!, 1988) seven patients who were unres ponsive to ECT and eventually remitted following lithium supplementation of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) treatment. Two had not responded to this combination prior to ECT. Four of these patients were administered ECT in our hospital; they all had seizures exceeding 25s in length during their courses of 11 or more bilateral treatments. Three reports by other authors (e.g. Nelson & Mazure, 1986) mention cases in which lithium supplementation of TCA induced remission in patients unresponsive to ECT. We therefore suggest that lithium supplementation be considered in TCA non-responders prior to re ferral for ECT. This work was supported in part by NIMH grant No. 40734. BARUCH SHAPIRA Smi KINDLER BERNARD L@R Jerusalem Mental Health Center-Ezrath Nashim P0 Box 140 Jerusalem Israel


Agriculture decision-making is increasingly being based on remote sensing technology. Crop productivity estimation was one application for satellite imagery technology. With each phenology of plant growth, the importance of satellite wave reflection and absorption produces a varied outcome. This study's objective was to calculate rice productivity for Lengayang District in Pesisir Selatan Regency using satellite imagery. Pre-processing data, analyzing vegetation indexes until an extraction is made, and then creating a working map for field observation and validation are the processes that makeup data processing. The research was divided into numerous phases, beginning with the gathering of data, processing, observation, and data analysis. Cultivation season (CS) I began in February, CS II began in June, and CS III began in September, according to the examination of NDVI data in the Lengayang District over the course of some years. The equation 2916x4 − 8117x3 + 8180.2x2 − 3562.7x + 574.52 can be used to estimate productivity using the NDVI value technique in the Lengayang District. The results of the model reliability test were categorized as being quite satisfactory.


The J-aggregation phenomenon of cyanine dyes has important commercial applications in the photographic industry. A typical cyanine dye was appended to poly-l-lysine in order to stabilize its J-aggregation at the molecular level. Molecular modeling was used to provide information on the conformation of the dye−polymer formed. Possible orientations of poly-l-lysine with cyanine dyes appended to it based on molecular modeling calculations and physical measurements are discussed and evidence for a β-pleated sheet conformation of the poly-l-lysine is shown. Also, for the first time J-aggregated monomer dyes and dye−polymers are used to build layer-by-layer assemblies in combination with inorganic clay sheets. The newly created architectures are used to fabricate three-dimensional structures on a solid support and have potential applications in building layered systems for optical signal processing. Microscopy measurements provide information about the organization of the J-aggregated cyanine dye−clay composite...


The purpose of the article is to create a new approach to the classification of stock market indicators in economic theory. Three groups of indicators are proposed, including indicators of supply and demand, evolvement of stock market, and localization. The group of indicators of supply and demand is created on the basis of the market analysis standard in marketing research, including: capacity, capitalization, stock market turnover, stock indices, P/E index. Within the framework of this group, it is also proposed to use the indicator of IPO share in the capitalization of stock market, which demonstrates the degree of openness of the market and investors to new companies and is opposed to the characteristics of the conservatism of the stock market. Stock indices are considered separately and their classification is schematically created according to the calculation method, providing the stock indices, calculated using the method of arithmetic mean simple, geometric mean and arithmetic mean weighted. The belonging of the largest existing stock indices to a certain type in accordance with calculation is demonstrated. A practical explanation of the various approaches to the methodology for determining stock indices is presented. In the second group of development indicators, the following are highlighted: liquidity, profitability, volatility, and concentration of the stock market, by which it is possible to assess not only the quality characteristics, but also the level of evolvement of the stock market. The third group was created on the basis of localization, which interprets the characteristics of the stock market depending on its geographical affiliation. This group includes: the degree of development of equity capital, openness, transparency of the stock market, the level of risk of a separate country, the investment attractiveness index, the index of attractiveness of both venture and direct investments. It is identified that certain indicators determine the level of other indicators within this group. For each of the three groups of indicators, the essence of the indicator, the methodology for calculation and application were examined. There is also an explanation of the signs by which the indicators were assigned to a certain group of indicators in the proposed approach to their classification.


Fifth-generation (5G) cellular systems are likely to operate in the centimeter-wave (3-30 GHz) and millimeter-wave (30-300 GHz) frequency bands, where a vast amount of underutilized bandwidth exists world-wide. To assist in the research and development of these emerging wireless systems, a myriad of measurement studies have been conducted to characterize path loss in urban environments at these frequencies. The standard theoretical free space (FS) and Stanford University Interim (SUI) empirical path loss models were recently modified to fit path loss models obtained from measurements performed at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, using simple correction factors. In this paper, we provide similar correction factors for models at 60 GHz and 73 GHz. By imparting slope correction factors on the FS and SUI path loss models to closely match the close-in (CI) free space reference distance path loss models, millimeter-wave path loss can be accurately estimated (with popular models) for 5G cellular planning at 60 GHz and 73 GHz. Additionally, new millimeter-wave beam combining path loss models are provided at 28 GHz and 73 GHz by considering the simultaneous combination of signals from multiple antenna pointing directions between the transmitter and receiver that result in the strongest received power. Such directional channel models are important for future adaptive array systems at millimeter-wave frequencies.


A new epiphytic species of crustose Teloschistaceae, Coppinsiella extremiorientalis, is described from the floodplain forests of the boreal zone of the Russian Far East. It is characterized by its white to whitish grey, thin to disappearing thallus mostly without anthraquinones, dull orange zeorine pruinose apothecia with an anthraquinones composition corresponding to chemosyndrome A. Phylogeny of the genus Coppinsiella, which was previously unknown in the Far East, is discussed, as well as the morphology, ecology and geographical distribution of Coppinsiella species. A new combination for Caloplaca fiumana, an older name for Coppinsiella orbicularis, is also formally proposed.


As a secretary of knowledge and skills that need to be owned one of them is the setting of official travel or business trip leadership. He must know the rules of all types of transportation, how the procedures, services and contact travel agents or travel bureau with ease. To improve relationships and develop script or productivity expansion. So a leader often travel business outside the city and even abroad. In this case the leader needs a secretary to organize everything related to his journey.

Keywords: The Role of the Secretary Manages all the Preparation of the Leadership Business Journey.


The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the potential of CO2 emission reductions and mitigation costs when installing various types of high-efficiency hot water supply systems on a prefectural scale. The residential energy end-use model, which is a bottomup type simulation model developed by our research group, calculates the hot water and electricity demands at five-minute intervals and evaluates the energy consumption for each hot water supply system in detail for various household categories. In addition, the impact of the amount of hot water use on the CO2 emission reduction effect is evaluated.


Objective:To study the relationship between fetal epiphyseal core and fetal age and maturity. Methods: The maximal diameter of distal core of femoris epiphysis (FE) and proximal core of tibial epiphysis (TE) was detected by B-ultrasonography in 300 fetuses with different ages. Results: The diameter of FE and TE increased with fetal age. 82% and 94% of fetuses were older than 35 and 37 weeks, respectively, when FE diameter was longer than 5 and 6 mm. TE diameter was shortened by 2 mm, compared with FE. TE diameter in all fetuses was 3 mm or more, when the gestation age was 37 weeks. Conclusions: The indications for 37 week- fetal age and fetal maturation are as follows: FE ≥6 mm and TE ≥3 mm, especially FE.


Being an immigrant here from Ireland I've always felt a disconnect between the country that I left and the country that I've come to. I'm very much aware that I'm an Irishman living in New York but I'm also aware that I'm an Irishman who belongs to the island of Ireland. I remember my daughter when she was about four, I was sitting by the bed doing the customary bedtime sceal and my daughter said "Dad, not another Irish myth, please." (1) 2011 saw Gabriel Byrne leave one career defining role to embrace another, both of which circulated around his particular brand of Irish male stardom in an American context. The role he left was that of psychotherapist Paul Weston, the lynchpin of the HBO drama series In Treatment. The role he stepped into was that of Irish Cultural Ambassador to America, a position created in the wake of the Irish Global Economic Forum at Farmleigh in 2009. Despite describing the job as lacking a remit, Byrne's words at the launch of the programme in the Lincoln Centre NYC nevertheless suggested a clear vision of the role of the artist in the creation rather than imitation of reality: Every artist has the power to transform reality. That is the reality of politics, the reality of religion, the social reality. In fact, that's the job of the artist--is to be anarchic, is to question everything and out of that questioning to redefine a new reality and to a great extent the traditional modes of expression. (2) This was very much in keeping with Culture Ireland's (the body which oversaw the Imagine Ireland programme) vision of the project as being to "reshape and reinvigorate notions of Ireland, what it means to be Irish and the potential for Ireland into the future." In this regard, Byrne's appointment acknowledged his work over several decades in questioning popular representations of the Irish, especially within the United States. Eugene Downes, Chief Executive of Culture Ireland remarked that when he first met Byrne: The range and depth of his vision for Irish culture in America threw down a gauntlet to everyone in the room. His thinking challenged us to develop a more ambitious strategy for cultural engagement that reflected the changing dynamics of Ireland's presence in the United States. (3) Byrne's work as a Cultural Ambassador in the United States can therefore be extended beyond speeches at various cultural events or curating a MoMA programme of Irish cinema during 2011, and traced back to his breakthrough film role as Tom Regan in the 1990 gangster homage Miller's Crossing, through his pivotal role as Dean Keaton in The Usual Suspects and up to his more recent extended portrayal of Paul Weston. Before considering these roles, it's worth rehearsing the basic facts of Byrne's background. Born in 1950 into what he identifies as a "solid working class family," he trained to become a priest at a seminary in England from age 12 to 17, before abandoning the Church and training as a teacher. He turned to amateur-drama in 1975 and from there came to work at the Project Theatre (where he encountered Jim Sheridan, Liam Neeson, Neil Jordan, Ciaran Hinds, and Stephen Rea). Talent-spotted by John Boorman, he was cast as Uther Pendragon in Excalibur in 1980. A winning turn in RTE Television drama Bracken as a dark, brooding dairy farmer lead to a career-making role as a journalist who knows too much in the 1985 thriller Defence of the Realm. Hollywood soon beckoned (plus marriage and children with Ellen Barkin) and in the two decades following Miller's Crossing he's appeared in over thirty feature films. While these have included a number of Irish titles (The Courier, Frankie Starlight and Last of the High Kings) it is nonetheless surprising, particularly given the level of indigenous production activity in the past fifteen years, that he hasn't appeared in an Irish film since 1998. …


167 Background: Assessment of outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and Child-Pugh B or C liver function treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Methods: From 2004 – July 2012, 39 patients with HCC and Child-Pugh B/C liver function were treated with SBRT. Inclusion criteria included Child-Pugh B/C, treatment with SBRT, 5 to 15 fractions, and radical or palliative intent. Univariate analyses (UVA) were performed to assess relationships of patient demographics, liver function tests and treatment characteristics on overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP). Results: The majority of the 39 patients had Child-Pugh B7 liver function (69%), performance status ECOG 0-1 (82%), radiological evidence of tumor vascular thrombosis (62%) and hepatitis C as underlying liver disease (49%). 10 patients treated as bridge-to-transplant. The median dose was 3300 cGy in 6 fractions (range: 2000-4500 cGy in 5-15 fractions), individualized based on spared liver volume and underlying live...


Introduction: Indoor air pollution is present in rural areas due to usage of biomass fuel like wood, dung or crop residues for cooking. The rural women are exposed to the smoke produced by combustion of these materials, which can cause harmful effects to the respiratory system. The present study was done to evaluate the lung functions in women exposed to biomass fuel smoke for chronic period.
Materials and Methods: The case control study included 102 female subjects, divided into two age matched groups of 52 biomass fuel users and 50 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) users. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) namely Forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) and Forced expiratory volume percentage (FEV1 %) were assessed by computerized spirometry. Statistical comparison was done by using the student t-test.'
Results: The percentage predicted value of the lung parameters of the biomass fuel users [FVC (p1 (p25-75% (p1% (p Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that exposure to biomass fuel smoke for chronic period can lead to reduction in lung function. This study also shows the importance of interventions required to improve the standard of living conditions like usage of low smoke fuels.

Keywords: Biomass fuel users, Liquefied petroleum gas users, Computer spirometry, Pulmonary function test.


The creative method of the architect is put in the bass of the methods of architectural education, but the process of the education is not a direct projection of the professional activity of the architector and has its own specificity. The main aim of it the teaching of students to the method of architectural projection. The using of person oriental pedagogical technologies in the complex with testing of creative activities on the first level of education and a system of pedagogical conditions directing on the development of the creative potential of the students creates the base for the forming of the forming of the professional competence. The creativity is considered as the main competence of future architects, raising their claimness and be competitive in the modern conditions.


One of the biggest sectors in the world is agriculture, and a lot of data is produced every day in this industry. However, because there aren't adequate data management systems, this data is frequently underused, which causes inefficiencies in the sector. A safe and open data management solution for the farming sector could be constructed using block chain based to solve this problem. The built-in security features of block chain can aid in ensuring that data is gathered, stored, and shared securely, preventing hacking or illegal access. Farmers, agricultural businesses, and other stakeholders may safely share data on crop yields, weather patterns, soil conditions, and other crucial parameters thanks to block chain technology. Besides that, this data can be utilized to enhance farming methods, boost productivity, and eventually raise crop yields and profitability. Block chain technology can provide farm produce comprehensive visibility in as well as safety and accessibility, making it simple for customers to confirm the legitimacy and provenance of the goods they buy. All things considered, the application of block chain technology in the agricultural sector has the potential to transform the sector by delivering safe and transparent data management and enhancing production.


Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to present recent research into the clinical use of regional anaesthesia techniques in ambulatory surgery. Further, to put into an ambulatory perspective some of the issues recently discussed on the basis and practice of regional anaesthesia in general. Recent findings Early discharge with long-acting peripheral nerve blockade seems safe, and discharge of patients who have not voided after surgery is possible under specified terms. The spinal anaesthesia technique may be improved in terms of better and faster recovery characteristics if the dose of local anaesthesia is reduced by adding a small dose of opioid. Summary Loco-regional techniques are well suited for ambulatory surgery due to less postoperative nausea and pain and possibly less cognitive dysfunction. The different techniques are continuously being refined in order to provide fast discharge readiness, while still maintaining the benefits.


We present recent developments on intermodal nonlinear interactions present in fibers supporting multiple spatial modes that are linearly coupled or uncoupled.


Introductory Analysis T HE extreme importance of admissions and confessions in trial work needs no emphasis. Every lawyer knows it, and every volume of reports bespeaks it. But the present discussion demands a careful classification of admissions, and we must therefore define our topic. If a defendant says: "I owe the plaintiff one hundred dollars," we have an express admission of what may be called the direct type. If the same defendant's duly authorized agent' says to plaintiff: "My principal owes you one hundred dollars," we again have an express admission, but this time of the vicarious type. If plaintiff says to defendant: "You owe me one hundred dollars," and defendant says "Yes" or nods his head, our admission is still express, but now adoptive in form.' We probably get into the realm of implied admissions with evidence that the defendant, charged by plaintiff with owing the latter one hundred dollars, simply stood mute. We certainly get there with evidence that defendant tore out of his books and burned the pages showing the state of his account with plaintiff.4


Review(s) of: Mass Media in the Middle East: A Comprehensive Handbook, by Kamalipour, Yabya R and Mowlana, Hamid, eds, , Greenwood Press, Westport Conn, 1994. ISBN 0 313 28535 7. 333pp.


Using a design method for pipelining recursive filters, a multiply-add chip was improved from a 40-MHz throughput rate to a 68-MHz rate and a functional compiler design was improved from 24 MHz to 31 MHz. Using this same technique a DSP chip (Sharp LH-9124) implementation of a pipelined FIR filter can be modified to yield pipelined IIR filters which maintain the high throughput rate but offer the better filter responses associated with IIR filters. In the process of applying this new design method to actual VLSI circuits, great insights into pipelining limitations have been obtained.<<ETX>>


There are many models that have been used to simulate the rainfall-runoff relationship. The artificial neural network (ANN) model was selected to investigate an approach of improving daily runoff forecasting accuracy in terms of data preprocessing. Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) as one data preprocessing technique was adopted to deal with the model inputs and the SSA-ANN model was developed. The proposed model was compared with the original ANN model without data preprocessing and a nonlinear perturbation model (NLPM) based on ANN, i.e., the NLPM-ANN model. Eight watersheds were selected for calibrating and testing these models. Comparative study shows that the learning and training ability of ANN models can be improved by SSA and NLPM techniques significantly, and the performance of the SSA-ANN model is much better than the NLPM-ANN model, with high foresting accuracy. The SSA-ANN1 model, which only considers rainfall as model input, was compared with the SSA-ANN2 model, which considers both rainfall and previous runoff as model inputs. It is shown that the Nash-Sutcliffe criterion of the SSA-ANN2 model is much higher than that of the SSA-ANN1 model, which means that the proper selection of previous runoff data as rainfall-runoff model inputs can significantly improve model performance since they usually are highly auto-correlated.


An idle speed controller allows the engine to idle at the lowest possible RPM without stalling to support various power-consuming accessories. In this study, an idle speed control system is designed using a PID control strategy based on an engine model. The engine model was developed considering engine dynamics and various cylinder airflow calculation methodologies, such as Speed-density, Alpha-N, and Throttle-flow. The engine model was created in MATLAB Simulink. The model utilizes several calibrated lookup tables that were obtained using the model-based calibration (MBC) technique. A multi-cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine was calibrated using the MATLAB MBC Toolbox to generate real-time maps for idle speed control. This paper aims to investigate the performance of the developed idle speed controller for different cylinder airflow calculation methodologies. The idle speed control system was simulated for various load-torque disturbances to evaluate the controller's performance. The controller responses, such as the settling time and peak speed variation, were analyzed to select a suitable airflow calculation methodology for idle speed control application. The simulated results of the designed controller are compared to the experimental results of the original controller for validation. The simulated results show that the Speed-density method has a higher peak speed variation and a longer settling time than the other two methods for all loading conditions because it considers the intake manifold dynamics. Alpha-N and Throttle-flow methods display similar performance for all tested conditions. Hence, both Alpha-N and Throttle-flow techniques can be considered for idle speed control applications.


In this Letter we report two new super Li-rich K giants, KIC2305930 and KIC12645107, with Li abundances exceeding that of the interstellar medium (ISM; A(Li) ≥ 3.2 dex). Importantly, both of the giants have been classified as core He-burning red clump (RC) stars based on asteroseismic data from Kepler mission. Also, both of the stars are found to be low mass (M ≈ 1.0 M⊙), which, together with an evidence of their evolutionary status of being RC stars, implies that the stars have gone through both the luminosity bump and He-flash during their red giant branch (RGB) evolution. The stars' large Li abundance and evolutionary phase suggest that Li enrichment occurred very recently, probably at the tip of the RGB either during He-flash, an immediate preceding event on the RGB, or by some kind of external event such as merger of an RGB star with white dwarf. The findings will provide critical constraints to theoretical models for understanding of Li enhancement origin in RGB stars.


Problem: Unintended pregnancy is a serious public health concern. About half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended (Guttmacher Institute, 2016). This project lead by a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) student at the University of San Francisco, will showcase the development, implementation, and evaluation of a LARC training program aimed at improving confidence in counseling, competence in insertion, and evaluation increased rates of LARC usage in primary care, directed at reducing unintended pregnancy rates. This program expands upon the Healthy People 2020 goals dedicated to family planning and emphasis on increased utilization of the most effective forms of contraception available (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 2017). Methods: In an effort to reduce barriers to LARC in the primary care setting and augment reproductive training standards at the academic level, an in-person four-hour training session was created to deliver hands-on LARC insertion practice with uterine simulators along with didactic training addressing common myths/misconceptions about LARC, and a practice toolkit for students to use in future contraceptive counseling sessions. Results: A total of 31 FNP providers participated in the LARC hands-on workshop. Data analysis demonstrated over 90% of participants increased their confidence in LARC insertion 32% showed increased knowledge about LARC in general as well as increased confidence in selecting LARC eligible candidates following this intervention. After four weeks, 16% of participants successfully inserted an IUD device. Conclusion: Overall, hands-on training is an evidence-based, cost effective way to promote competence at the academic and practice level to assist providers with LARC promotion, contraceptive counseling, and decreasing the unintended pregnancy rate.


s of the "III INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RABBIT SCIENCE –APEZ" Vila Real (Portugal) 2 November 2005. Feeding and Nutrition NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF REPRODUCTIVE RABBIT DOES: TOWARDS THE SEARCH FOR GLOBAL STRATEGIES. PASCUAL J.J. Dpt.de Ciencia Animal. Universidad Poli técnica de Valencia.


: According to the principle of "simultaneous equilibrium" and "mass equilibrium", the extracting system of gold in its ore with bromine has been thermodynamically analyzed. The diagrams of E-pH have been drawn and discussed. From the diagrams of E-pH it has been suggested that the influences of the concentrations of gold ions, bromine ion and temperature to the equilibrium potentials. With the gold extracting, the concentration of gold ions will be increasing, the equilibrium potentials will be enhanced, and the hydrolyzed pH of the gold ions and the stabilization region of the solution will be decreasing. On the contrary, if the concentration of bromine in the extracting solution is increased, the equilibrium potentials will be depressed, and the hydrolyzed pH of the gold ions and the stabilization region of the solution will be increasing. In the same way, if the temperature of the solution is increased, the stabilization region of the solution will be increasing. So the increase of the concentration of bromine and the temperature is propitious to the gold extraction.


The utility model provides a battery management device, which is characterized in that the system voltage and the battery voltage are detected via a voltage detection unit, and the corresponding control signal is output to a power supply switching unit and a chip selection control unit, then the switch of the system power voltage and the battery voltage is controlled by the power supply switching unit, and the enabling status of the external chip is controlled by the chip selection control unit. Thus the utility model has the advantages that the leakage current of the battery can be effectively reduced, and the consumption for battery capacity is lowered when the battery switches between undervoltage warning and system power-on state, thus the service life of the battery is prolonged.


Sowing date is an important determinant of yield in canola. Cultivation of winter rapeseed cultivars in semi arid regions of Iran however it has high potential for production, but, mentioned cultivars are late maturity and this late maturity cause to that silique formation and seed filling periods mature in the same time with hot and dry weather condition. In contrast, spring rapeseed cultivars are shorter growth duration and in this regard, identification of spring rapeseed cultivars with high cold tolerance for autumn planting cause to early harvest. In order to investigation of spring rapeseed cultivars reaction to spring and autumn planting dates, an experimental was carried out in a split plot design based on RCBD with four replications for two years (2004-2006) in Karaj. Treatments were included planting season in two levels as main plots such as common planting date, autumn planting (27 September) and spring planting (25 March) and spring rapeseed varieties as sub plots in 24 levels. The results indicated that simple effects of planting season and variety and also interaction effect on silique per plant, seed per silique, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil yield, biologic yield and harvest index were significant at 1% level probability. In autumn planting, Hyola 401 with greatest 1000 seed weight and high seed per silique had the highest seed yield (4689 kg.ha-1) and Hyola 330 produced the maximum oil yield (2165 kg.ha-1), wherease RG 405/03 had the maximum seed yield and oil yield (2066 and 713.6 kg.ha-1, respectively) in spring planting. On the basis of this result, some of spring rapeseed cultivars with high cold tolerance and high potential such as Hyola 401 could be planting in early autumn at moderate cold regions of Iran like Karaj.


Objective
To investigate the effects of miRNA-577 on the cell proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901, and to explore its mechanism.

Methods
The expression levels of miRNA-577 in human gastric mucosal epithelial cells GES (gastric epithelial cells) and human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were infected with transfected with miRNA-577 or control miRNA vector. Transwell assay, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test, and flow cytometry were used in both groups. Western blot was used to detect the level of cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) protein.

Results
Compared to GES, the expression level of miRNA-577 was decreased significantly in gastric cancer cell lines (P<0.01). The ratio of proliferation inhibition, and cells arrested at G1/G0 phase were increased significantly in miRNA-577 lentiviral infected group compared to the negative control group (P<0.05). CDK4 protein expression was lower in the miRNA-577 lentiviral infected group(P<0.01).

Conclusions
miRNA-577 has lower expression level in gastric caner cell line SGC-7901. miRNA-577 can inhibit proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest of gastric caner cell line SGC-7901, maybe through downregulating expression of CDK4.

Key words:
MicroRNAs/ME/PD; Stomach neoplasms/ME/DT; Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/ME


Based on PGP algorithm,this paper proposes an improved crypto system that can be applied to the secure electric mail,and its security is also discussed.


The objective of the French CEA, US-DOE INERI project is to perform a lab scale demonstration of the sulfur iodine (S-I) water splitting cycle, and assess the potential of this cycle for application to nuclear hydrogen production. The project will design, construct and test the three major component reaction sections that make up the S-I cycle. The CEA will design and test the prime (Bunsen) reaction section. General Atomics will develop and test the HI decomposition section, and SNL will develop and test the H2SO4 decomposition section. Activities for this period included initial program coordination and information exchange, the development of models and analyses that will support the design of the component sections, and preliminary designs for the component reaction sections. The sections are being designed to facilitate integration into a closed loop demonstration in a later stage of the program.


Background: Multiple pregnancies are at high risk for preterm birth, and therefore an important cause of infant mortality and morbidity. A pessary is a simple and potentially effective measure for the prevention of preterm birth. Small studies have indicated its effectiveness, but large studies with sufficient power on the subject are lacking. Despite this lack of evidence, the treatment is at present applied by some gynaecologists in The Netherlands. Methods/Design: We aim to investigate the hypothesis that prophylactic use of a cervical pessary will be effective in the prevention of preterm delivery and the neonatal mortality and morbidity resulting from preterm delivery in multiple pregnancy. We will evaluate the costs and effects of this intervention. At study entry, cervical length will be measured. Eligible women will be randomly allocated to receive either a cervical pessary or no intervention. The cervical pessary will be placed in situ at 16 to 20 weeks, and will stay in situ up to 36 weeks gestation or until delivery, whatever comes first.


This paper analyzes the characteristics of chi-square detection algorithm for image information hiding and briefly introduces three defending detection algorithm ideas.They are transforming steganographic carry properties,inserting instead of LSB and random inserting algorithm.And then we analyze algorithmic weak points of EzStego v2.0b3 and Jsteg v4.0,improve them for defending chi-square detection algorithm successfully.


Objective To analyze the effect of different thrombolytic treatment time of acute myocardial infarction on curative effect.Method The effects of 68 patients with acute myocardial infarction who used urokinase at different time were compared.Results The group thrombolysis within 2 hours had the highest access rate of 85%,2 to 6 hours had the access rate of 50%,and 6 to 12 hours had the rate of 27.3%.Conclusion The earlier the thrombolytic treatment is applied,the better the effect will be.


Prologue ....................................................... Chapter One: A Short History of Baseball Chapter Two; Immigration................................................................................. 19 Chapter Three: Baseball in Montana, Mines and Independent Leagues 54 Epilogue................................................................................................................... 88 Bibliography............................................................................................................ 89


This paper empirically tests Kim and Verrecchia's (1994, hereafter KV) theory that bid-ask spreads may increase around earnings announcements when information asymmetry increases between the informed traders and the less informed market-makers. Despite certain limitations, prior research has used analysts' earnings forecasts as a proxy for information asymmetry. I substitute the percentage of common stocks held by institutional investors as a more precise proxy for information asymmetry. Consistent with KV's proposition, I find (1) that bid-ask spreads increase at the time of earnings announcements, and (2) that bid-ask reactions to earnings announcements are significantly positively related to information asymmetry even after controlling for the effects of other cross-sectional determinants of spreads.


First, crystalline NiFe2O4 powder was synthesized on a nanoscale dimension by a simple one-step coprecipitationchemical route, and then used to produce activated carbon/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite. Thestructure and morphology of the as-prepared composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD)pattern, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.Eventually, the as-prepared composite was used for exclusion of heavy cations from wastewater indifferent conditions. A significant absorption capacity (250 mg g-1) showed that this nanocomposite couldbe useful for the removal of heavy cations from wastewater.


Abstract In acute pancreatitis some prognostic scores have been suggested, based on clinical, laboratory and radiological criteria. The most popular are: Ranson score, APACHE II score and CT severity index (CTSI). The trend is to find a prognostic marker that is easy to use, cheap, and reproductible. Recently, the increase of the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) has drawn attention. Material and Methods: From January 2012 to April 2014, a group of 64 patients, admitted to the Clinical Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and the Surgical Departments of the SCJU Sibiu, with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, were included in this observational prospective study. The cut-off values, the specificity and sensitivity of the prognostic scores were calculated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis curves. Results: At a cut-off value of 12 mm Hg IAP max has a sensitivity of 0,75, similar to Ranson score at 48 h (0.72 at a cut-off value 3) and CTSI (0,73 at a cut-off value 4). Better results are just for APACHE II score at 24 h (0,88 at a cut-off value 8). IAP max has a specificity of 0,88, simillary to CTSI (0,83) and APACHE II score (0,82). Conclusions: In our study maximum IAP could be correlated with prognostic markers for severe evolution in acute pancreatitis.


Evolution can be contingent on history, but we do not yet have a clear understanding of the processes and dynamics that govern contingency. Here we performed the second phase of a two-phase evolution experiment to investigate features of contingency. The first phase of the experiment was based on Escherichia coli clones that had evolved population at the stressful temperature of 42.2°C. The Phase 1 lines generally evolved through two adaptive pathways: mutations of rpoB, which encodes the beta subunit of RNA polymerase, or through rho, a transcriptional terminator. We hypothesized that epistatic interactions within the two pathways constrained their future adaptative potential, thus affecting patterns of historical contingency. Using 10 different E. coli Founders representing both adaptive pathways, we performed a second phase of evolution at 19.0°C to investigate how prior genetic divergence or adaptive history (rpoB vs. rho) may affect the likelihood of parallel responses and evolutionary outcomes. We found that phenotype, as measured by relative fitness, was contingent on founder genotypes and pathways. This finding extended to genotypes, because E. coli from different Phase 1 histories evolved by adaptive mutations in distinct sets of genes. Our results suggest that evolution depends critically on genetic history, likely due to idiosyncratic epistatic interactions within and between evolutionary modules.


Equilibrium Air Shock Interference, EASI, program takes account of dissociation of air molecules. Revives and updates older computational methods for calculating inviscid flow field and maximum heating from interference of shock waves. Expands methods to solve problems involving six shock-wave interference patterns on two-dimensional cylindrical leading edge with equilibrium, chemically-reacting gas mixture. Written in FORTRAN 77.


En The main environmental parameters of the coastal brackish pond Stagno di Acquatina were studied from April 2006 to September 2007. The environmental factors resulted strongly dependent on the cyclical seasonal conditions, the geographic climate of region and some specific interactions. These last are represented by the sea water inputs from marine channels and by the fresh water from the Canale di Giammatteo, mainly. Variation and distribution of nutrients are affected by agricultural fertilizer input in the raining season from the neighbouring lands.


Recently the Department of Water and Power, City of Los Angeles, took a very progressive step along the lines of efficient and economic operation of its water and power systems. By abolishing its separate water and electric bureaus and consolidating the joint activities under a unified head, the Department has brought into effect many desirable practices that were not possible under divided management and supervision. The city of Los Angeles, covering an area of over 441 square miles, is one of the most difficult cities to supply with water. Water is furnished from sea level to an elevation of 1400 feet. Men experienced in water works operation know of the difficulties in rendering service to such a wide range of elevations, but how many of us fully realize the difficulties encountered by the meter readers and pettytroublemen in covering these districts each month. Of special interest at this time are the results we have gained in what we now call our Meter Reading and Record Section. Some time ago, however, our regular water and electric meter reading groups were combined under one head, making possible large savings to the Department with greater service to our customers. When all is said and done, the relationship between an institution and its customers is the governing factor in its success or failure. The human contact in business, we all know, is one that should, if possible, be maintained in some manner. The Department of Water and Power lost a certain measure of this personal contact when it abolished house to house collecting, but we have regained contacts in a manner I shall describe.


These draft DECP guidelines on assessment and intervention have been constructed for application in the wide range of settings that educational and child psychologists work. In producing them we tried to present a model that has relevance to the practice of all educational and child psychologists. In so doing we have refined and abstracted assessment practice down to the barest essentials. We are asking for comments on this framework which now needs to be fleshed out in practice. This initial draft will be revised on the basis of the responses received from members of the Division over the course of the next six months, finishing 31 May 1998.


Melanotropin (MSH) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) are pituitary hormones derived from a common precursor: the proopiomelanocortin (POMC), which is processed differently in the melanotropic and corticotropic cells of several vertebrates. While ACTH is a major final product in corticotropes, it is further processed into α‐MSH and corticotropin‐like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP) in melanotropes. Cells which are immunoreactive to ACTH (ACTH cells) and to both α‐MSH and ACTH (MSH cells) have been described in a number of teleosts, including the Mediterranean yellowtail, by light microscopic immunocytochemistry. However, these cells have been ultrastructurally characterized only in a few species. In this paper, we use electron microscopy to identify and characterize the cells producing MSH and ACTH in M. yellowtail (Seriola dumerilii).


Abstract In this paper, we consider a two-echelon dual-channel supply chain model with a single manufacturer and multiple retailers for trading a single product. The manufacturer uses multiple channels – one direct channel and multiple retail channels – to sell his product. The market demand is dependent on price and sales effort, and divided among the direct channel and several retail channels. Retailers compete with each other as well as with the manufacturer's direct channel. We consider the scenarios when retailers' sales efforts boost their individual demands but reduce direct-channel demand, and when retailers' efforts boost their individual demands and also enhance direct-channel demand. We find out the optimal pricing strategies and effort levels of both the direct channel and retail channel using sequential optimization and the Stackelberg game. We also find out the threshold market share of the manufacturer and the retailers, below which they opt to stay out of business. Finally, we illustrate our model through a numerical example. We numerically determine the dependency of sales effort on each channel's demand in each scenario. We also show that the direct and retail channels' market shares heavily influence the pricing strategies and effort levels of the supply chain entities.


are based upon the statements of natives), we feel compelled to allow a considerable margin for errors in diagnosis. My impression is, that in India this source of fallacy has attained very large dimensions, and that many of the statistical statements on record are wholly devoid of value. In Norway, and in colder countries, leucoderma is an inconspicuous malady, and never attracts popular attention, hence it is never, even by the untrained, confused with leprosy. In hot climates, as we have seen, it not only becomes very conspicuous, but the blanched portions of integument, being less able to resist the influence of the sun, are liable to vesicate and to show conditions which further favour error in diagnosis. Although the confusion of leucoderma with leprosy is, I believe, one of the errors which had led to the statements by writers that the latter disease prevails amongst people who are not fish-eaters, yet I suspect that it is only one of several sources of fallacy. Probably other diseases besides leucoderma are still counted with leprosy by untrained observers; probably, also, the statement as to the absence of fish as an article of diet has been made in many instances on vague and insufficient evidence. My suspicion is that different fish vary much in their poisonous qualities, and it is well known in hot climates that some fish are poisonous at one season of the year and wholesome at another. We may then, I think, without any violence to probability, believe that under some conditions small quantities of special kinds of fish may be able to produce effects for which, under other circumstances, a long continued and almost exclusively fish-diet may be requisite. Very probably also some of the forms of salted fish in common use in India and elsewhere may be much more poisonous than the fresh article, and thus it may come to pass that leprosy may in exceptional cases be found in populations living at a distance from either rivers or sea. It is these apparent exceptions which now require careful investigation ; very possibly some of you may, in the future, have opportunities for throwing light upon them. I have endeavoured, in this lecture, to explain clearly one of the chief risks of error, and I hope that you will see in the importance and interest of the subject a sufficient excuse for my having brought it before you.


A technique for obtaining numerical approximations to Equation (1) will be briefly discussed. The convergence (under appropriate assumptions) of these approximations to a solution of Equation (1) has been shown elsewhere (see references 1,4). The emphasis here will be on the efficient solution of the linear algebraic systems of equations which arise from the approximating scheme. The solution of the algebraic equations will be based on Jacobi iteration, whose rate of convergence is enhanced by the use of multiple deflations of the Wielandt type 5,6,7,8,9 the key factor being that certain eigenvalues and eigenvectors are known a priori. These eigenvalues and eigenvectors may be used to obtain an equivalent system of equations. "Equivalent" is used to mean that the solution to the original algebraic equations may be obtained from the new system in relatively few operations. The new system has the computational advantage that the spectral radius of the appropriate iteration matrix has been considerably reduced.


This paper studies the impact of subsidies for Plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) on carbon emissions. I show that subsidizing innovations without considering consumer behavior can harm the environment. I provide descriptive evidence on charging instances of PHEV and combine it with a structural model of demand for new passenger vehicles to evaluate the market outcomes had subsidies for PHEV not been in place. I show that PHEV subsidies were used by consumers to purchase larger and heavier vehicles and that consumers of PHEV seldom charge their vehicle. Taking into account the observed consumer behavior, I find that the elimination of subsidies for PHEV would have led to a yearly reduction of 167,139 tons of carbon emissions which are equivalent to the yearly carbon emissions 52,916 households emit due to energy consumption.


An experiment examined whether accountability causes people to prefer more cautious, less risky choice alternatives. Self described high and low risk takers chose between pairs of lotteries varying in riskiness under conditions where they either would (accountable condition) or would not (unaccountable condition) have to explain and justify their decisions to others. When accountable, low risk takers became extremely risk averse, whereas high risk takers became slightly but not significantly riskier in their decisions. A second study found that high but not low risk takers admired and thought other people admired risk takers more than risk avoiders, which may explain the former's preference for risk when they are accountable. When low risk takers are accountable, caution provides relative security as well as the satisfaction that their actions are at least as admirable as if they had taken risks.


Recent technological advances make large-scale genetic testing possible. Current guidelines recommend testing in certain clinically affected individuals or those with strong family history (1). The successful use for high-risk groups has led many to con-sider extending genetic testing to the general population. In this issue, Manchanda and colleagues present a cost-effectiveness analysis of population-based testing for high-penetrance mutations associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer (2). They conclude that population-based testing of women age 30 years and older for a limited set of genes is more cost-effective for preventing death than genetic testing in women with a personal or a family history. This conclusion dif-fers from a previous cost-effectiveness analysis that did not find population-based BRCA1/2 testing to be cost-effective (3). The previous results were based on a decision-analysis model developed for an Ashkenazi Jewish population that was applied to the general population (4), while the new model was developed using general population estimates (2). We discuss oppor-tunities and challenges of population-based genetic testing and emphasize where additional evidence is needed. Several parameters are important when considering population-based are related to the mutations under for the maximum number of cases that possibly be prevented or detected early genetic It is estimated that 5% to 10% of and up to 15% of all ovarian to germline in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations contribu-tions


Among the many areas of science identified as raising serious questions, biotechnology was said to be enabling 'qualitatively' novel forms of human intervention. The article went on to state: 'There is an ever-widening gap between what science allows, and what we should actually do. There are many doors science can open that should be kept closed, on prudential or ethical grounds.' While highlighting the significant potential for societal benefit associated with scientific developments, the author also called for meaningful forms of restraint. He advocated that scientists:


This paper address the issue of dealing with named entities in statistical machine translation (SMT). Named entities (NEs) tend to become out-of-vocabulary of the translation models so that the translation quality of sentences including them are often degraded. For this problem, we propose to take advantage of class-based translation models. We employ a named entity recognizer to replace the named entities on the training corpus with a unique class label, then train the translation and language models. The input sentence is also NE-replaced and translated into the target sentence, whose class labels are then converted back into their original names. The experimental evaluation revealed that the proposed approach was effective on OOV named entities. We also found that acombination of class-based and standard SMTs further improved performance.


Since the early 1990s, Taiwanese workers have faced two simultaneous trends: democratization and globalization. These two trends have different, if not exactly opposite, implications for the labor movement. Democratization has empowered the working class and made its members more effective in the political process. Globalization, however, has led to an increase in the flexibility of the labor market and made workers more vulnerable to changes in the economic environment. This paper begins with a discussion of the general characteristics of Taiwan's labor movement and the general impact of globalization on labor institutions. Then, by examining the transformation of Taiwan's labor institutions in recent years, and specifically the process of union reorganization and the revisions of the Labor Standards Law, the paper shows how, against the background of globalization, Taiwanese workers have used their newly acquired political power to maneuver between different political forces and set the development course for the labor movement.


To enter navigation destination data into a navigation system (2) by means of a device for a mobile voice connection (4, 5, 10) transmitted via the mobile voice communication voice signals or signals derived therefrom by means of a speech recognition device (9) to be processed for the recognition of spoken words. Based on at least one recognized word while a objectives comparison is carried out with the navigation target entries in a navigation database (7). With a positive comparison result of the corresponding navigation target entry for inputting a navigation destination into the navigation system (2) is provided.


One of the key issues for effective English learning is to make students easily read and speak in English. Although most college students can pass the testing of English writing and/or reading in Taiwan, they still fail or afraid to speak in English. The Kenyon and Knott phonetic transcription, KK phonetic transcription, is wildly applied as the basic learning tool for most students in Taiwan. This research is aimed to improve the learning effectiveness by firstly developing a set of easy-understanding learning guide about phonetic and phonic rules, and followed by the motivational strategy of action learning that outreach the course learning to their families or friends to learn KK phonetic symbols. The process of this research was divided into 4 cycles of planning, implementing the efficient textbook learning and ask students to teach their families or friends, observations of the students' teaching materials and their teaching process by video, and students' share and reflection. The results show that motivational strategies of asking students to teach the KK Phonetic Transcription to someone that is close to them do have positive effects in improving the confidence of speaking English.


Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a logic procedure when osteoarthritis or avascular necrosis is limitad to one femorotibial compartment. The indications for the procedure includes osteoarthrosis or osteonecrosis with full-thickness loss of articular cartilage limited to one of the tibiofemoral knee compartments. Physical examination should ensure full range of knee motion. Frontal and sagittal knee stability has to be tested. A particular attention should be given to the state of the anterior cruciate ligament. The status of the patellofemoral joint should be analysed by physical examination and patellofemoral view at 30, 60 and 90° of flexion. Preoperative anteroposterior varus and valgus stress radiographs should be done to confirm the complete loss of articular cartilage in the involved compartment, the full thickness cartilage in the opposite compartment and the possibility of full correction of the deformity to neutral. The so-called minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedure using a specific instrumentation is able to provide quicker recovery since the extensor mechanism disruption is eliminated. More importantly the radiological evaluation has shown that precise implantation of the components is possible with an MIS approach which is important for the long term results of the arthroplasty. The clinical results at ten years of follow-up of cemented metal-backed UKA performed through a conventional approach have shown results comparable to those obtained with total knee arthroplasty. The in vivo kinematic evaluation of patients implanted with UKA has shown that kinematics similar to the normal knee can be obtained, enhancing the importance of a functional anterior cruciate ligament. Recent design improvements have increased the femorotibial area of contact to accommodate high flexion angles. Additionally our experience has demonstrated that modern UKA is a valid alternative for young and active patients with unicompartmental tibiofemoral noninflammatory disease, including both osteoarthritis and avascular necrosis. Compared to medial UKA lateral UKA represents in our experience only 5% of all UKA implantations. However the long term results of lateral UKA compares at least equally with those reported for medial UKA.


e21014Background: In targeted therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), approximately 30% of NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations develop primary resistance at the beginn...


In this paper a bipolar-power MOSFET cascode monolithic device, realized in ST-SGS Thomson VIPower (Vertical Intelligent Power) Technology called M3, is presented. The basic device features a three-stage deep-base NPN BJT and a vertical power MOSFET, realized inside the emitter of the trilinton output stage itself for emitter switching. The paper starts with a survey of the main characteristics of the SGS-Thomson Vertical Intelligent Power technology. Then the switching performances of the device are compared to power MOSFET and fast-switching IGBTs in terms of their forward conduction current density turn-off times and breakdown voltages.<<ETX>>


The focus of the work is an investigation into the correlation between "true" reliability of a software system and the white box testing measures such as block coverage, c-uses and p-uses coverage. We believe that software reliability and testing measures, especially white box testing, are inherently related. Results from experiments are presented to support this belief. We also demonstrate that the estimated reliability is sensitive to the operational profile defined for the software and hence errors in the operational profile may lead to incorrect reliability estimates.


Micro-scaling makes MEMS sense capacitance small in a CMUT array element for intravascular ultrasound imaging. Smaller sensors lead to a lower active-to- parasitic ratio and thus, degrades sensitivity. Here capacitive feedback charge amplifier is shown as an alternative approach to resistive feedback amplifier. Capacitive feedback charge amplifier provides high sensitivity, small area, low distortion and power saving. This approach of charge amplifiers is also suitable in capacitive microphones where it provides low power and high sensitivity. In the case of biomimetic microphone structure, optical detection overcomes capacitive detection's thermal noise issues. Also with micro-scaling, optical detection overcomes the increased parasitics without any sensitivity degradation, unlike capacitive detection. For hearing aids, along with sensitivity, battery life is another challenge. We propose the use of 1- bit front-end sigma-delta ADC for overall improved hearing aid power efficiency. Front-end interface based on envelope detection and synchronous detection have also been designed. Circuit techniques are used for maximizing signal handling with low supplies.


Maintaining the physiological level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the body is highly important in the fight against radical species in the context of human health [...].


By relaxing an assumption on the electron density in the flow layer used in magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) theory, the theory is rescaled to match particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results, providing a more accurate determination of the line voltage from the measurement of anode and cathode currents over a broad range of parameters. Results from the PIC simulations also show that self-limited flow is not determined by either a minimum-current or a minimum-energy condition, but rather is closer to saturated flow. In addition, analytic expressions are obtained for the first time for the self-limited flow impedance ZfSL(V)∕Z0 and the self-limited anode and cathode currents Z0IaSL(V) and Z0IcSL(V), where Z0 is the vacuum impedance of the line and V is the voltage. Similar expressions for both minimum-current flow and minimum-energy flow are also obtained. Results are compared with other models for MITL flow and show that this rescaled MITL flow model is most consistent with the PIC simulation...


Controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) surveys have found frequent application in mineral exploration, and there have also been a number of attempts to use magnetotelluric (MT) soundings in the same application. The advantages of CSAMT over conventional electromagnetic methods lies in its ability (through measurements of the electric field) to discriminate resistive as well as conductive zones, and in its depth-of-penetration capability. "Static shift" however can be a common problem in many MT and CSAMT soundings. It severely distorts any depth calculations and degrades the resolution of conductivity structure inferred from scalar CSAMT measurements. Static shift also significantly restricts the MT-method in its use for geological studies of the upper and lower crust; and its application to mineral, hydrocarbon, and geothermal resource exploration. Theoretical investigation using modelling has shown that measurements of an Inductive Source Telluric Field (ISTF) may closely predict and thus potentially remove the static shift at MT and CSAMT stations. Applications of the method in the field require the additional setup of a low-power transmitter near the survey line. The main survey electrodes, cables and receiver are then used to collect additional data for corrections. This process can be run in parallel with the MT or CSAMT data acquisition, and requires little additional survey time. Initial tests of the concept in field studies near Sydney and over a skarn prospect in the Parkes vicinity proved very encouraging. The 'along-line variation' indicative of static shift was reduced by the correction by a factor of about 5 in the Parkes case, and the 'corrected' CSAMT section appeared smooth and regular as opposed to having the vertical striping typical of static problems.


This paper discusses problem areas in P3P 1.0 and proposes possible solutions, focusing on longer term changes, which could form part of P3P 2.0. Key issues discussed are Compact Policies, APPEL, Consent Mechanisms, The Base Data Schema, P3P in Enterprise environments and P3P in Identity Management Systems. SUGGESTIONS FOR LONG TERM CHANGES TO P3P 1


A semiconductor device production method that is used to uniformly and efficiently reduce metal oxides produced on metal (copper, for example) which forms electrodes or wirings on a semiconductor device. An object to be treated on which copper oxides are produced is put into a process chamber and is heated by a heater to a predetermined temperature. Then carboxylic acid stored in a storage tank is vaporized by a carburetor. The vaporized carboxylic acid, together with carrier gas, is introduced into the process chamber via a treating gas feed pipe to reduce the copper oxides produced on the object to be treated to metal copper. As a result, metal oxides can be reduced uniformly without making the surfaces of electrodes or wirings irregular. Moreover, in this case, carbon dioxide and water are both produced in a gaseous state. This prevents impurities from remaining on the surface of copper.


Singapore and New Zealand are demographically similar but differ in eth- nicity and cultural history. The development of the health system in these two countries has been influenced by local paradigms and cultural expecta- tions in health care users, providers and funders. Whilst the main model for professional health care in both countries is biomedicine, the underlying culture and illness beliefs have shaped the health care model. The Singapore health care system, and in particular the use of a medical savings account (MSA), has been admired internationally. In New Zealand, the health care system has been re-organised several times in the last twenty years and a Singapore-style medical saving account has been suggested as one possible future system. Since the health care system in each country has developed in response to a specific culture, it may not be possible to transport either health care system into a population with different belief systems, demographics and underlying social conditions.


The effects of different storage conditions on tobacco primed and pelleted seeds and unprimed pelleted seeds of MS Yunyan 85,MS Yunyan 87 and MSK 326 were investigated.The results showed that the germination energy and germination percentage of primed and pelleted seeds were still above 95.0% after stored under low temperature(temperature20℃,humidity40%) for 26~28 months.But after stored longer than 23 months under room temperature,the germination energy and germination percentage dropped to 68.3%~82.3% and 79.3%~89.3% respectively.For unprimed pelleted seeds of three verities stored under low temperature for 26~28 months,the germination energy and germination percentage still remained above 95.0%;after stored under room temperature for more than 26 months,the germination percentage were between 88.3% and 93.7%,while the germination energy dropped to 28.3%~83.7%.The results indicated that low temperature was more suitable for maintaining longevity and higher vigor of pelleted seeds compared to room temperature.Meanwhile,comparing to unprimed pelleted seeds,the primed and pelleted seeds were not easy to storage under room temperature and the time of storage was shorter than unprimed pelleted seeds.


The Hirbemerdon Tepe Archaeological Project was initiated in 2003 as part of a broader cultural heritage rescue project associated with the construction of the Ilisu Dam and planned as part of a scientific collaboration between the University of Catania, the Istituto per l'Africa e l'Oriente and the Archaeological Museum of Diyarbakir.
Nicola Laneri teaches Archaeology of the Ancient Near East at the University of Catania and during his career has organized conferences, panels and workshops as well as presented papers at internationally recognized meetings and institutions. He published more than 80 scientific articles in journals and books


Recent experiments done by Mcmackin, Radzewicz, Beck and Raymer have demonstrated the existence of a stable three - frequency operation in a cw dye laser [1]. In order to explain a multichromatic operation theoretically there are two questions to be answered, namely, how a finite number of components of the lasing field can form a closed set of equations, and what is the operating condition for a individual multifrequency solution.


The fact that many Russian universities offer a wide, but often similar, range of educational services substantiates stiff competition between them, which aggravated in the conditions of protracted global COVID-19 pandemic due to the need for rapid implementation of the tools and methods of distance learning. The educational institutions compete for not only students, by their admission to each specific discipline. The goal is set to analyze the competitive positions and opportunities of the university on the market of educational services in the Russian Federation. The subject of this research is Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov. The research methodology leans on the general theoretical methods, as well as 7P and SWOT analysis. As a result, the author determines the merits and flaws of the university, market opportunities and threats; as well as offers the vectors for improving on the market of educational services. The acquired conclusions on the need to expand the material base, increase the academic degree holders rate, involvement in the grant mechanism, and integration into the real sector of economy are relevant for a great many universities in the Russian Federation.


In recent years, the share of liquid analyzers with smart sensors has been expanding especially in Europe. Unlike conventional analog sensors with no active components, smart sensors containing an electrical circuit can complete the measurement by itself and output the measured values as digital data. This digitization is expected to improve maintenance efficiency from calibration to data management and enable an integrated measurement management system to be constructed. Yokogawa named its smart sensors SENCOM® (SENsor and COMmunication) and released them in September 2013. This paper introduces the features and upcoming trend of smart sensors, and Yokogawa's efforts in developing this technology.


To assess the incidence, presentation, and management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with HIV, including the use of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in this immunosuppressed population.


Objectives:Sixtyseven cases of colorectal cancer in Dukes C stage have been studied using NK cell activity and 5 years followup. Methods:Serum NK cell activity was measured by MTT release method. Results: NK cell activity before operation was deceased(P0.01), After the operation the changes of NK cell activity were related to the recurrence or metastasis of tumor. Conclusions: NK cell activity is considered an index of curative effect and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.


Structure and thermal properties of La1-xSrxFeO3 have been studied. (La,Sr)FeO3 was synthesized by sol-gel method result in powder form. Structural study was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and TEM. XRD characterization for all samples show orthorhombic perovskite structure. The crystallite size of the materials lie in the range of 20-40 nm as calculated by using Schrerrer's formula which is also supported by TEM images. The thermal properties were characterized by using DSC. DSC curves show increasing of Neel temperature with addition of Stronsium. Average specific heat capacity was also calculated.