Abstract Hot‐hole injection from plasmonic metal nanoparticles to the valence band of p‐type semiconductors and reduction by hot electrons should be improved for efficient and tuneable reduction to obtain beneficial chemical compounds. We employed the concept of modal strong coupling between plasmons and a Fabry‐Pérot (FP) nanocavity to enhance the hot‐hole injection efficiency. We fabricated a photocathode composed of gold nanoparticles (Au−NPs), p‐type nickel oxide (NiO), and a platinum film (Pt film) (ANP). The ANP structure absorbs visible light over a broad wavelength range from 500 nm to 850 nm via hybrid modes based on the modal strong coupling between the plasmons of Au−NPs and the FP nanocavity of NiO on a Pt film. All wavelength regions of the hybrid modes of the modal strong coupling system promoted hot‐hole injection from the Au−NPs to NiO and proton/water reduction by hot electrons. The incident photon‐to‐current efficiency based on H2 evolution through water/proton reduction by hot electrons reached 0.2 % at 650 nm and 0.04 % at 800 nm.


Summary Diftalone and its metabolites 7,14-Dihydroxyphthalazino [2,3-b]phthal-azine-5,12 (7H, 14H)-dione, 7-Hydroxy-phthalazino [2,3-b]phthalazine-5,12 (7H, 14H)-dione and 12 [l(2H)-oxo-2-phthal-azinyl]methylbenzoic acid inhibited pros-taglandin synthesis in bovine seminal vesicle microsome preparations. Diftalone was the most active of these compounds but less active than indomethacin although more active than phenylbutazone or aspirin. The magnitude of the concentration of arachi-donic acid influenced the velocity of the reaction in the synthesis of prostaglandins; the highest concentrations inhibited the rate of reaction. The results of the in vitro inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase studies correlated well with those obtained in the in vivo car-rageenan edema inhibition studies in the rat. The relative potencies for Diftalone, indomethacin and phenylbutazone were similar with both experimental procedures. The authors thank Dr. Franco Luzzani, Mr. Alfonso Condo', and Mr. Alfredo Soffientini for assistance in the assay procedures; Dr. Pierfranco Schiatti for the information on the carrageenan edema inhibition studies; and Miss Anna Maria Cuzzoni for typing the manuscript.


This article is the text of the annual Hamish Henderson lecture delivered on 12th November 2016. The lecture is given as part of The Carrying Stream, a celebration of the life of Hamish Henderson.


The phenomenon of capillary rise can cause water rise up 2-3m above the high water table within the soil. Due to this effect the shear strength of fine-graded soil is decreased, or it can damage decorative floorings, paved areas, concrete and different manmade structures. Furthermore, in arid regions the ground water is often saline with a high concentration of chloride ions, which can be harmful to vegetation. The traditional methods to solve the above mentioned problems with breaking the capillary rise can be the use of free draining granular soil with very low fines contents, usually with 30 to 50 cm thickness. One of the effective capillary break methods is creating an air void between the soil layers with the help of drainage geocomposites therefore capillary rise of water is prevented. This paper presents the research work of the above described capillary break phenomenon with different types of geocomposite drainage layers in laboratory controlled conditions.


An instrumental technique has been developed which allows the concomitant measurement of the arrival times of both shock and reaction (flame) fronts in propagating detonations. A combination of fiber‐optic probes and light detectors is used to monitor the arrival of the reaction front, whereas piezoelectric pressure gauges monitor the arrival of the pressure pulse from the preceding shock wave. Both signals provide the measurement of the detonation velocity; variance between shock and reaction front velocities implies nonstable detonation (growing or dying detonation) which can be attributed to variation in density, concentration, or homogeneity of the detonating media. This technique is straightforward in the case of pressed or cast formulations but presents difficulties when gas‐phase or two‐phase detonations are involved. The detonation of near‐stoichiometric ethylene–air mixtures in a detonation‐tube facility was used to refine the technique and calibrate the instrumentation. The technique was then us...


Abstract A correlation-based approach to automatic face recognition requires adequate normalization techniques. If the positioning of the face in the image is accurate, the need for shifting to obtain the best matching between the unknown subject and a template is drastically reduced, with considerable advantages in computing costs. In this paper, a novel technique is presented based on a very efficient eyes localization algorithm. The technique has been implemented as part of the "electronic librarian" of MAIA, the experimental platform of the integrated Al project under development at IRST. Preliminary experimental results on a set of 220 facial images of 55 people disclose excellent recognition rates and processing speed.


Capnometry is the measurement of the partial pressure (or concentration) of CO2 in the patient's airway during the entire ventilatory cycle. A capnometer provides a numerical measurement of inspired and end-tidal CX)2. Capnography is the graphic display of the partial pressure or concentration of CO2 äs a waveform, usually plotted äs C02 versus time. When the wavefonn display is calibrated, Capnography includes capnometry.


Five species including one new species of the fresh water springtails collected from a pond in Shanghai Botanical Garden have been described: Podura aquatica, Hypogastrura yinae sp. nov., Isotomurus palustris, Sminthurides aquaticus and Pseudobourletiella spinata. Sminthurides aquaticus and Pseudobourletiella spinata are recorded from China for the first time. All the specimens examined are deposited in the Museum of Shanghai Institute of Entomology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences.


Abstract The history of Israel's land allocation regime is traced from its inception in the formative years (1948–60), focusing on distribution of urban land to private and business entities. Rich archival materials provide documentation regarding the Development Authority (DA), established in 1950, and its practices. The prohibition on selling "national lands," zealously observed in Israel's rural regions, was never closely adhered to in urban areas. The DA's double role, as a major actor in land allocation as well as the institution representing the "rules of the game," serves as a platform for a preliminary examination into institutional path dependency theories.


This report summarizes the activities of NASA grant NAG5-11068, "Dynamicai Studies of the Middle Atmosphere Using High Resolution Doppler Imager Observations." The High Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) has been providing direct measurements of the Earth's horizontal wind field in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Mesospheric temperatures, ozone, and O((sup 1) D) densities, and stratospheric aerosol extinctions coefficients, are also retrieved. The goal of HRDI is to measure the vector winds in the stratosphere (10-40 km), mesosphere, and lower thermosphere (approximately 50-120 km) during the day, and the lower thermosphere at night (approximately 95 km) to an accuracy of 5 m/s. The horizontal wind vector is measured by observing the Doppler shift of rotational lines of molecular oxygen along two lines of sight. In addition to winds, temperatures and volume emission rates are determined in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, from which ozone and O((sup 1) D) concentrations can be derived, and aerosol scattering coefficients are determined in the stratosphere. UARS was launched on September 12, 1991, into a 585-km circular orbit inclined 57 degrees to the equator HRDI was activated September 28, 1991 and following a period of checkout and adjustment of the instrument parameters, scientific observations began November 2, 199 1. HRDI operated nearly continuously from launch until April 1995. At that time the UARS solar array drive failed, forcing the instruments to time-share the available power. From July 1995 to July 1996 HRDI operated approximately 50% of the time. At that point, one of the three spacecraft batteries failed and from then until September 1998 the duty cycle was less than 20% per month, At that time it was determined that HRDI could operate during each daytime pass, which increased the daytime duty cycle to close to l00%, while nighttime operations were limited to about a week per month. In the fall of 1999, the second tape recorder failed requiring a real time contact with a TRDSS satellite to retrieve that data. This resulted in about 60% data collection efficiency. Finally, in the summer of 2000, the second star sensor failed requiring the spacecraft attitude to be controlled by a three axis magnetometer and sun sensor. This resulted in a loss of attitude knowledge but operations continue with the anticipation of correcting the attitude. A new method for determining the tide and mean structure from satellite data in conjunction with a new tidal model has been devised. For brevity, it shall be referred to as the TMAT or Tide-Mean Assimilation Technique. Most previous methods of tidal analysis are based on various ways of slicing the data set.


The objective of this research has been to provide the St. John's Roman Catholic School Board with an assessment of parental attitudes concerning the existing state of education within the schools under its jurisdiction so that the Board might begin to initiate a formal public relations program. In order to establish direction and guidelines for the program, this study endeavored to measure parental acceptance or rejection regarding various aspects of finance, discipline, curriculum, teacher image and the school board. To further facilitate the organization of the public relations program, the investigator has attempted, through the use of social variables, to locate those segments of the parent population which displayed strong negative responses on any of the items in the questionnaire. -- A Likert-type scale consisting of 50 items related to the five divisions of education outlined above was used to gauge parents' attitudes. Before the instrument was considered acceptable for use in the study, it underwent several informal examinations and was finally subjected to a test-retest reliability study. The questionnaire was then distributed to 200 students who had been selected at random from classlists provided by grade four teachers. Each student was given t\NO questionnaires to bring home and to return to the school. Of the 400 questionnaires administered, 331 were returned of which 307 formed the basis for the final analysis. -- Before the main analysis of the raw data, X analyses were completed to determine whether or not any significant interaction was prevalent among the social variables. Following this, each of the 50 items was subjected to a one-way analysis of variance for each of the social variables. When significant F ratios appeared, the means of that analysis were compared by the Newman-Keuls comparison of ordered means in order to ascertain where the significant difference existed. In addition to these analyses, Table X was constructed to show the percentage of responses for each position on the attitude scale for each item. The analyses for each item were then summarized in chapter five. -- The summary of all the analyses clearly indicated that there was a definite need for the St. John's Roman Catholic School Board to develop a public relations program which would establish methods by which parents would come to know, understand and respect the work of the Board in its efforts to improve the quality of education in the schools under its authority. This was the main recommendation of the study. Among the other recommendations of the study, it was suggested that the School Board examine its educational program with a view to changing the curriculum so that parents perceived the educational process as being relevant to the student's later life situation; that teachers be made aware of the role which good public relations plays in aiding them to succeed in their task, of educating youth and that the new School Board be cognizant of the high expectations held for them by parents.


After commenting on some defects of traditional theories on the relationship between cities and regions, this paper presents a series of new viewpoints in two aspects.The first aspect concerns the characteristics of spatial flow of essential factors of production.The paper suggests that the flow in space to different subjects is asymmetric and is inclined to high-profit regions;and that information flow in space can in some degree substitute for the flow of materials.The second aspect is about the relationship between central place and its economic hinterland. The paper argues that,to economic hinterland,the intensity of attraction and radiation of cities is not always weakening at distance;that a city can be another city' s hinterland,and vice versa;and that in an imbalanced regional economy urban hinterland between developed areas and underdeveloped areas is asymmetric.Meanwhile the paper defines"para-hinterland"and"enclave hinterland".The former means an areas which has a loose connection with a central city,and often characterized by connecting in one or a few of functional relationships,but the related quantity between the city and the area in a unit area still reaches a certain criterion.The latter means an area which does not joint to a city' s main hinterland,but has a rather close economic connection with the city;The connection can be the flow of essential factors of production,cooperation in producing progress or inner division of labor.Then basing on these basic view-points,the paper opens a new visual angle in urban and regional research which can be done on three levels.The first level is to substitute closed"entire-piece area"with open"functional area";the middle level is to control research area with knots and network;and the lowest level is to research urban hinterland through enterprises' hinterland.


Welding is a fabrication process used to join materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, together. During welding,the work pieces to be joined are melted at the joining interface and usually a filler material is added to forma weld pool of molten material that solidifies to become a strong joint. In contrast, Soldering and Brazing do not involve melting the work piece but rather a lower melting point material is melted between the work pieces to bond them together. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) was invented by Wayne Thomas at TWI (The Welding Institute), and the first patent applications were filed in the UK in December1991. Initially, the process was regarded as a "laboratory" curiosity, but it soon became clear that FSW offers numerous benefits in the fabrication of aluminum products. Friction Stir Welding is a solid-state process, which means that the objects are joined without reaching melting point. This opens up whole new areas in welding technology.


Abstract A total of 137,753 test day records of 20,745 Italian Brown Swiss dairy cows from 26 provinces of Italy were used to estimate heritability for casein and urea content in milk and their genetic correlations with other production traits and milk somatic cell score. Milk component values were obtained by Fourier Transformed Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy from milk samples collected during national routine recording and were analysed using test day repeatability animal models. Fixed effects included 1,001 levels of herd-test date, 15 classes of days in milk, and 13 classes of age at calving within parity. The variation among cows was large for most of the traits. The heritability value for casein content was 0.31, as for protein content, and genetic and phenotypic correlations between these two traits were large (0.99 and 0.97 respectively). Milk urea content had a heritability of 0.17 and a positive genetic relationship with fat (0.12), null with protein (0.03) and casein (0.002) content and a negative genetic correlation with milk yield (-0.17) suggesting that the genetic improvement for milk urea content would be possible, but genetic gain would be affected by other traits included as selection criteria in the economic index and by their relative economic emphasis.


The dissertation consists of two parts. The first part
considers the regularized total least squares problems.
Constructing linear systems are an appropriate approach in
understanding and modeling inverse problems which arise in many
fields in engineering and science. A least squares solution is a
proper method to solve the overdetermined linear system when noise
is included only in the observed data. However, when the data
matrix is contaminated by noise as well as the observed data, Total
Least Squares methods are more appropriate. Additionally, a
regularization technique is considered when the data matrix is
ill-conditioned, otherwise Total Least Squares produces a
noise-dominant output. Thus, to solve ill-posed linear systems
arising from inverse problems, we develop methods for regularized
Total Least Squares problems. First we consider the Total Least
Squares problems with Tikhonov regularization. Golub, Hansen, and
O'Leary [SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 21 (2000), pp. 185-194] show
that the problem of finding the Total Least Squares solution is
equivalent to the solution of the two parameter linear system. Our
method derives two nonlinear equations from the two parameter
linear system, applies a Newton method with a nonsingular Jacobian
matrix that is computed inexpensively. Another approach combines
two projection methods for the two-parameter Newton iteration for
the higher dimensional problems. Specifically, the first fixes the
subspace dimension of the projection before the beginning the
iterations by using Bidiagonal Reduction, and the second expands
the subspace dynamically during the iterations by employing a
generalized Krylov subspace expansion. Next, we consider another
kind of regularization, which is denoted as a dual regularized
Total Least Squares problem. Unlike the Tikhonov regularization
which constrains the size of the solution, a dual regularized Total
Least Squares problem considers two constraints; the one constrains
the size of the error in the data matrix, the other constrains the
size of the error in the observed data. Our method derives two
nonlinear equations similar to the two-parameter Newton iteration
method. However, since the Jacobian matrix is not guaranteed to be
nonsingular, we adopt a trust-region based iteration method to
obtain the solution. In the second part, template tracking problems
are considered. Template tracking is the procedure of finding an
image patch in each frame that is most similar to the given
template. To improve the accuracy of the template tracking,
appearance vectors are used to model appearance and illumination
variations. This estimation involves computing the principal
components of the augmented image matrix at each frame. Since
computing the principal components is very expensive, we adopt the
truncated bidiagonalization and the Truncated URV decomposition as
alternatives to computing the principal components. In the
experiments, we show that two methods are attractive alternatives
in fast template tracking problems, especially when the size of the…


Background.
 CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling is essential in cardiac development and repair, however, its contribution to the Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) remains unclear. In this study, we tested the role of endothelial CXCR4 on the development of AVS.
 Methods.
 We generated CXCR4 endothelial cell-specific knockout mice (EC CXCR4 KO) by crossing CXCR4
 fl/fl
 mouse with Tie2-Cre mouse to study the role of endothelial cell CXCR4 in AVS. CXCR4
 fl/fl
 mice with no Tie2-Cre gene present were used as control. Echocardiography was used to assess the aortic valve and cardiac function. Heart samples containing the aortic valve were stained using Alizarin Red for detection of calcification. Masson's Trichrome staining was used for the detection of fibrosis. Apex samples were stained with wheat germ agglutinin to visualize ventricular hypertrophy.
 Results.
 Compared with the control group, the deletion of CXCR4 in endothelial cells led to significantly increased aortic valve peak velocity and aortic valve peak pressure gradient, and decreased aortic valve area and ejection fraction. EC CXCR4 KO mice also developed cardiac hypertrophy evidenced by increased left ventricular mass, diastolic and systolic left ventricle posterior wall (LVPW), cardiac myocyte size, and heart weight (HW) to body weight (BW) ratio. Our data also confirmed increased microcalcifications, interstitial fibrosis, and thickened valvular leaflets of the EC CXCR4 KO mice.
 Conclusions.
 We found that the deletion of CXCR4 in endothelial cells leads to aortic valve stenosis and left ventricular hypertrophy. This indicates endothelial cell CXCR4 plays a protective role against AVS, and EC CXCR4 KO mice can be used as a novel model for AVS study.


Background: Malignant ventricular arrhythmias (MVA) represent a challenge in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICMP). In particular, because of discordant results, no clear indication in current international guidelines exist about the role of invasive electrophysiological study (EPS) in arrhythmic risk stratification. Purpose: We conducted a retrospective analysis on patients with a biopsyproved ICMP undergone EPS, to compare outcome in cases with positive (EPS+) vs. negative (EPS-) test, and possibly to find variables associated to EPS positivity. Methods: We analysed 38 patients (66% males, age 48±12y) undergone invasive EPS for arrhythmic risk stratification according to clinical indication. All of them presented with acute symptoms, had a coronary angiography showing normal epicardial arteries, and a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) was performed in all of the cases, showing ICMP. Induction of sustained VT or VF defined a positive EPS. Patients were treated pharmacologically and by ICD implantation if indicated. Both EPS+ and EPSpatients underwent 2/y follow-up (mean FU 3.5y). Results: Overall, 14/38 (37%) patients were EPS+ vs. 24/38 (63%) EPS-. Of note, 100% (8/8) of the patients presenting with non-arrhythmic presentation (heart failure or chest pain) were EPS(p=0.02). In EPS+ group, patients were older (53±12 vs. 45±11y, p=0.04) and more commonly males (12/14 vs. 13/24, p=0.03). No significant differences between EPS+ and EPSgroups were found in left ventricular end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction (LVEDV 128±35 vs. 121±41 mL; LVEF 49±9 vs. 53±12%), blood biomarkers (TnT, NT-proBNP, CRP, ESR), CMR sequences (T2/STIR+ 5/14 vs. 11/24; T1/LGE+ 13/14 vs. 19/24) and EMB findings (active inflammatory process 10/14 vs. 22/24; autoimmune aetiology 10/14 vs. 16/24); all p=n.s. By 3.5y FU, no deaths occurred. Significantly, during FU at least 1 MVA episode was found in 13/14 vs. 9/24 patients (p=0.002). Appropriate ICD shocks occurred in 6/13 EPS+ vs. 3/10 EPSimplanted patients (p=n.s.); however, mean n° of shocks was significantly higher in EPS+ group (11±9 vs. 1±1, p<0.0001). Conclusion: In patients with EMB-proved ICMP, EPS positivity is associated with a significant incidence of MVA during FU. Of note, EPS positivity is not associated with LVEF, LGE at CMR, or degree of inflammation at EMB. These findings suggest that EPS may play an adjunctive role in risk stratification of ICMP, at least in patients presenting with arrhythmias.


The deplorable situation in almost all Third World countries with respect to diseases, poverty, housing and sanitation has prompted governments in these countries to look to science and technology as the panacea to their problems. Their belief rests on the evidence that science is an integral part of modern western society and that the levels of utilization of technology are directly related to their scientific progress. Science and science education are therefore considered to be the vehicles to uplift the Third World countries from their deplorable living conditions. Various strategies have been advanced and introduced by concerned international organizations including UNESCO. The 'Science for Development' model has been highlighted and practiced since the 1960s.Unfortunately realistic results have not been fort-coming. The factors for the seemingly intractable failures of the 'Science for Development' model have been identified in this paper .Among these is the fact that cultural perspectives have been ignored in the implementation of the imported model which is based on western worldview. The recommended constructivist approach to teaching and learning is also based on western worldview. The Ghanaian worldview has been discussed and recommendations made as to how to incorporate this worldview into the teaching and learning of science. African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences Vol. 2(2) 2004: 11-30


This paper focuses on what could be learned about statuses and status groups from the work of Randall Collins in the 1980s, and in particular from Weberian Sociological Theory (1986). I mention how I myself found this book useful at that time to further my own work in the sociology of science and in sociological theory, and emphasise its value in appreciating the fundamental and irremediable deficiencies of individualistic rational choice theory in both contexts. I go on to note how Collins, a 'macro' sociologist in the 1980s, was nonetheless well aware of the indispensable role of micro-sociology in advancing the fundamental understanding of the field as a whole, and his singling out of Erving Goffman and Harold Garfinkel as primus inter pares for their special theoretical importance at this time. I say a little about why these two did indeed have much to contribute to an understanding of statuses and of status groups and still do even today, and end by noting how effectively Collins has used and built upon the work of Goffman in particular since the 1980s.


(xv). Addressed squarely to Anglican parish priests, this is a collection of essays by a total of ten contributors, with chapters each loosely linked to key phrases from the ordinal and/or themes from the recently revised guidelines for the professional conduct of the clergy. Paula Gooder takes as a starting point the idea that priests might ask themselves 'What would Jesus do?' and suggests the answer is far from straightforward. John Pritchard addresses the need to maintain one's spiritual life: his quote from Woody Allen stuck with me — '80% of life is just showing up' (14) — as an encouragement to maintain disciplines and leave the outcome to God. Paul Butler links the theme of safeguarding to larger questions of how clergy manage the vital (but often unacknowledged) dynamics of power and trust. Stephen Cherry offers a self-deprecating and positive assessment of the practical wisdom available from writers on leadership and quotes Stephen 'Seven Habits' Covey and Jim Collins, an American management guru, approvingly, getting in a rejection of Vanstone's Love's Endeavour, Love's Expense on the way. Magdalen Smith's chapter on managing the tension between public and private contains the refreshing admission 'I enjoy being a public figure' (89). David Walker, in his chapter on 'Keeping Well' makes the striking and helpful observation that God intended it would be 'as much through my weaknesses as through my strengths that I would be serving him as a priest' (98). The book offers a deal of good advice alongside shafts of real wisdom. But much of the discussion covers well-worn ground and, as is usually the case in volumes of this kind, the quality is uneven. It is aimed at 'clergy in a complex age' but it has little to say about what the complexity is or might mean for clergy. There is no attempt to contextualize the ministerial tasks in any more fundamental discussion of what priesthood might mean in the church of today or tomorrow. There are no ecclesiological or organizational viewpoints within which to locate the discussion of professionalism and ministry. In the absence of these systemic perspectives, the book fails to add up to the 'vision for ministry' to which it aspires.


Since 2010, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and the Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO/RLC) have organized a series of annual regional seminars on Agriculture and Climate Change. The series stemmed by awareness about the complexity of dealing with climate change and the difficulties it poses for agriculture, the absence of agriculture in the global discussion on climate change, the neglect of climate change considerations in agricultural policies in most countries in the region, and the absence of forums for dialogues on climate change and agriculture policies. The document presents the main conclusions from the meetings, stressing: (i) the importance of including agriculture in national policy agendas; (ii) the need for policy dialogue, collaborative working arrangements, and better information and communication systems; (iii) the relevance of the evaluation of risks and vulnerabilities, adequate research and innovation agendas, traditional knowledge for adaptation, and the sustainable increase of agricultural productivity; and (iv) the crucial role of international cooperation and financing.


Watch a cat intoxicated by a sprig of catnip , and you'll see the plant's iridoid compounds at work activating feline opioid receptors. But these compounds have a completely different effect on mos...


Using nonvolatile memories in memory hierarchy has been investigated to reduce its energy consumption because nonvolatile memories consume zero leakage power in memory cells. One of the difficultie...


This is an expansion of a talk for mathematics and physics students of the Manchester Grammar and Manchester High Schools. It deals with numbers such as the Riemann zeta value zeta(3)=sum_{n>0}1/n^3. Zeta values appear in the description of sunshine and of relics from the Big Bang. They also result from Feynman diagrams, which occur in the quantum field theory of fundamental particles such as photons, electrons and positrons. My talk included 7 reasonably simple problems, for which I here add solutions, with further details of their context.


Nicalon fiber-reinforced Solaramic glass matrix composites have been fabricated to determine the compatibility of this fiber/matrix system. Attention is given to fiber/matrix chemical reactions in the 1150-1350 C range which yielded Cr3C2, SiO2, and CrSi2 interphases. Diffusion reactions at 1350 C are noted to have degraded composite strength and led to brittle fracture with low fiber pullout. Gibbs free energy considerations are invoked in the present prediction of fiber/matrix incompatibility, which is attributable to the excess C and O in the fibers as well as the presence of Cr2O3 and BaO in the matrix. 20 refs.


Chemists do not take the view that chemistry can be derived from quantum mechanics by computations too literally; the difficulties are illustrated by the double bond concept. Quantum mechanics is very useful, but recent calculations have been mainly concerned with physical properties rather than chemical processes. In general, the chemical formula plays a central role in all interpretation of quantum-chemical results, thus suggesting that the chemical bond is a preexistent notion. Moreover, the Born–Oppenheimer approximation seems to be necessary for deriving the existence of bonds between atoms previously assigned to suitable positions. Recent analyses by Claverie and Diner, Woolley, Primas, and others are briefly recalled, concluding with an expression of hope that use of more general Hamiltonians can lead to progress in obtaining a fully independent quantum theory of chemistry.


In this paper, we present the results of the laser heating minipedestal crystal growth (LPHG) in oxidizing atmosphere for Nd/sup 3+/-and Er/sup 3+/-doped monocrystal fibers based on the YAG, Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and ZrO/sub 2/-Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (fianit) hosts. The experiments, for the determination of optical properties and laser characteristics in the crystal fibers, were carried out.


The scope of this review is to summarize routine asymmetric synthetic methods which enable the effective and selective introduction of difluoromethyl groups into the desired compounds, providing a general introduction to this important research area.


Effect of such two different smelting process as "Vacuum Induction Furnace(VIF)+ Electroslag Remelting(ESR),Electric Furnace(EF)+LF+VD" of special steel on microstructure and mechanical property of H13 molds was studied.The results show that the process of VIF+ESR has some effects on increasing of the cleanliness,decrease of S,P and segregation in H13,which can enhance the transversal impact toughness to some extent in the core of H13 steel.The increase of impact toughness is restricted by a large number of primary carbides in microstructure of H13 steel.


A quick method using Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was presented to determine the contents of fat,protein and water of fresh chicken. 148 samples of 9 species of fresh chicken were prepared. The quantitative calibrations were developed on 111 samples with correlation coefficient (R) of 0.993,0.994 and 0.979 for fat,protein and water,respectively. Root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) for fat,protein and water were 0.126,0.198 and 0.232,respectively. The calibrations were used to predict the other 37 samples,and paired T-test was utilized to compare the prediction data and chemical analysis data. The T -test showed that there was no significant difference between the 2 pairs of data. The results presented that the FT-NIR was accurate,reliable,fast and convenient, and it could be expected to be widely applied in quality analysis of fresh chicken.


Big Image prints large images on PVC cloth. When one or more cloths are joined together to create a surface big enough for the final size of the print the company use a sewing machine. This is a time consuming method that they want to change.Through a literature study and electronic sources the market for different methods to join the cloths and the expected properties of the PVC is investigated.The possible welding methods along with the possible use of adhesive tapes and glues found in the study have been evaluated according to a requirement specification containing economy, strength of the final bond, environmental factors, flammability and esthetics. The strength of the bond was considered as the most important factor.According to the first evaluation rotation welding, vibration welding, diffusion bonding with adhesive solvents and welding with ultrasound is deemed inappropriate for this type of production and is not further evaluated.The remaining methods of joining the cloths where high frequency welding, welding with hot tool, glue and adhesive tapes. Amongst these methods enhancing the company's existing machine that welds with a hot tool considered as the most economical solution and reaches the requirements of strength according to a strength test.


Milk and milk products play a vital role in human nutrition all over the world. In addition to being a nutritious food for humans, milk and milk products provide a favorable environment for the growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, this paper aims to review the microbial properties of milk and fermented milk products produced in different parts of Ethiopia. Microbial contamination may generally occur from within the udder, exterior to the udder, from the surface of milk handling and storage equipment and the traditional practice. The status of the cleanliness of the milkers could be the primary sources of the initial milk contamination. The reviewed dairy products are Milk, Ergo (naturally fermented milk), Kibe (traditional butter), Arera (defatted sour milk) and Ayib (Ethiopian cottage cheese). The existing microbial quality of dairy products produced in the rural part of Ethiopia was poor and did not meet the acceptable quality requirements. The problem was compounded from limited knowledge of the hygienic production, processing and handling of dairy products coupled with inadequate dairy processing infrastructures. Strict hygienic control measures along the value chain to improve the hygienic conditions of milk starting from production to consumption are necessary to provide safe products to the consumer.


The primary focus of this investigation is to determine the distribution of thermal residual stresses that result during composite bonding processes, and the effect on stresses generated during the subsequent cold expansion of holes. Residual stress measurements were carried out using neutron diffraction techniques. Results show that the cold expansion process resulted in radial compressive stresses 3-4 mm from the edge of the hole and there was no significant effect of thermal residual stresses from the bonding process on the cold expansion and bolted stresses.


The use of drama rehearsals as a tool for inculcating discipline among students had been investigated by a number of scholars and education practitioners on global, continental and regional levels. However notable that drama rehearsals as a tool for inculcating discipline could be overlooked as a result of its demands, such as time. Therefore, purpose of the study was to determine effectiveness of drama rehearsals as a strategy in the management of discipline in secondary schools in central region, Kenya. The study used descriptive survey design. The target population was 79 deputy principals, 79 drama teachers, and 1888 drama students and non-drama students in secondary school in Central Region, Kenya. Both the census technique and random sampling were used to get a representative sample size of 419 respondents. Data was collected from the respondents using pretested questionnaires and was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) and then interpreted. The study found that the relationship between drama rehearsals and management of discipline among secondary school students was significant. The study therefore recommended that there was need to for school administrators to facilitate more drama rehearsals in order to improve the levels of discipline among students. This will improve their communication skills and as a result bring more rapport between the students and administrators.  Article visualizations:


This paper introduces a control system design for an autonomous quadruped robot walking on irregular terrain. Biological cybernetics approach is used and the control of our walking robot can be considered hierarchical and modular. The upper computer functioning as the brain make decisions on what behavior is to be selected and the overall elements of its execution, such as the speed and the direction in the case of walking. The actual pattern activation of the legs of the quadruped robot is made locally by groups of neural oscillators termed CPGs (central pattern generators) implemented in the lower DSP (digital signal processor) controller. The peripheral feedback provides information from proprioceptor and exteroceptor. The output of CPGs can be controlled by higher level computer, while simultaneously modulated or adjusted by interactions between the CPGs upper controller and the sensory information from the robot body or circumstances. Consequently, locomotion of the quadruped robot is robust and coordinated.


We consider the finite feedback based pre-coding for the two-way amplify-and-forward (AaF) relay networks. Based on the channel information, the relay informs the pre-coder selection information to the two sources with finite bits of information. We present a set of precoder selection criteria and the code-book conditions to guarantee the full diversity order of Mr min{M1, M2}, where Mr is the number of antennas at the relay, M1, M2 are the numbers of antennas at the first source and the second source, respectively. The diversity performance is analyzed and numerically simulated in the symbol error rate sense and outage probability sense. Also, the impact of the distances between nodes on the individual outage is discussed.


A new species of ptereleotrine dartfish, Navigobius vittatus, is described from marine waters of Brunei Darussalam, on the island of Borneo, based on 25 specimens, 14.8–23.0 mm SL. It is distinguished from Navigobius dewa of Japan, the only other described member of the genus, by a combination of features that include a smaller maximum size, first dorsal fin taller than second dorsal fin and containing filamentous rays, 11–13 segmented dorsal rays, 10–12 segmented anal rays, 53–58 scales in longitudinal series, and pronounced color differences.


The world is on a slimy slope to global jellyfish ecosystem domination. There is no single cause to increasing jellyfish, or Cnidarian, populations, but rather many contributing anthropogenic factors including eutrophication, climate change, ocean acidification, and overfishing. An often-overlooked factor however is global ocean sprawl, or the proliferation of artificial structures in the ocean. Global ocean sprawl is hypothesized to be a driver of jellyfish blooms in coastal systems as it provides valuable habitat for jellyfish polyps, the benthic stage of the jellyfish lifecycle (Duarte et al 2012). The observed increase in jellyfish populations in coastal systems has harmful implications for fisheries and environmental health, causing potentially irreversible ecological phase shifts and trophic cascades (Lyman et al 2006).


System and method for generating a virtual private network through a VPN gateway configuration service. VPN gateway configuration service takes over the UPnP zero configuration properties, regardless of the manufacturer, also provides an interface to configuring the VPN gateway that enables also the configuration of any VPN gateway device. Furthermore, device control protocol defined by the VPN gateway configuration service, it is possible to provide a client provisioning, allowing the construction of a virtual private network from the gateway to the gateway.


In this paper the concept and first evaluation of the control principle of the MicroAssistant is presented. The MicroAssistant is an interactive surgical robot system to support the surgeon in microsurgical interventions especially in middle ear surgery. During those interventions the surgeon is often confronted with very small and sensitive structures. This fact conflicts with the exhausting milling process which is necessary for widening the operation field. To solve this conflict the instrument is guided interactive by the MicroAssistant. In the first part this paper introduces the control principle established by the human machine cooperation with the MicroAssistant. In the second part the usability of the human-machine-interface and the control principle is evaluated. Therefore the accuracy of the freehand milling process is compared with the accuracy of the robot assisted telemanipulative milling process. The results show that the robot assisted milling is as accurate as the freehand milling because the maximum errors of 0.71 mm for the freehand milling and 0.67 mm for the robot assisted milling are nearly the same. Hence MicroAssistant could prevent slipping of during the milling process and lead to fewer complications in middle ear surgery while being as accurate as freehand interventions.


Does ministry type influence profiles in upper-level bureaucracy? To govern, presidents need to 01. maintain control over the content of public policies, 02. make political concessions that earn them enough parliamentary support to see those policies approved, and 03. build or keep in place the bureaucratic competencies necessary to implement them. We argue that the president makes key appointments according to the nature of the policies of each ministry and their centrality in the executive branch's decision-making process. Employing cluster [...]


In the fall of 2010 more than 50 halls around Europe were measured in order to determine their reverberation times as a function of frequency as well as other objective acoustic parameters. Many of the measured halls had a capacity of more than 2000 audiences and this paper is primarily an attempt as to look into what is actually achievable and what may through future subjective studies turn out to be recommendable in terms of i.e. T30 in this type of larger venues at pop and rock concerts. Also possibly acceptable spectral tolerances around recommendable T30 are investigated. Often pop and rock concerts take place in multipurpose venues that also host classical music or even sports games. This paper furthermore introduces an affordable variable and mobile absorption product that also absorbs the important low frequency sound energy.


This thesis was carried out with the purpose to analyze the influence of child abuse in the mental health of children (ace) attending the Center of Social Programs "Lord of the Divine Mercy" of the Society of Public Charities of Chiclayo, period 2015.
It has been considered the type of applied research on the basis of an explanatory design, and the sample consisted of 144 children (as) assaulted, with which work by applying the methods and techniques of quantitative and qualitative research. That goal was fulfilled with the results found in the qualitative and quantitative study.
The results of this research realize that both the physical violence such as verbal or psychological are frequent forms of relationship and discipline that used the mothers and fathers with their sons and daughters. Both practices are considered forms of abuse and are associated with various factors such as violence in the couple, the educational level of both parents, the socio-economic level of the families and the cultural patterns.
From these results, we can deduce that the signals of corporal punishment, neglect hygienic, insults and humiliations affects the mental health of these children(ace) program participants of public charities.


This paper Presents the measurement of electromagnetic field strength of Treasure FM transmitter operating at a frequency of 98.5MHz in Port Harcourt and its environs with the aid of an Automated Band Scanner GPS system. The measurement were carried out by taking the radio Station's transmitter as a reference point at the Centre and selecting 24 measuring points around the transmitter. These points were selected with 1km spacing taken as the interval between two measuring points, summing up to a total of 6km due North, East, West and South of the Radio Transmitter respectively. The result obtained was critically analyzed and interpreted with the aid of an attenuation decay curve. The behavior of the signal was seen to be a function of the Ground Constant of the terrain, reflection of the signal from the earth surface, Diffraction by obstacles and transmitter parameters such as transmitter Power, Antenna Gain and Antenna Height.


1. Structural element of an aircraft fuselage, comprising stringers (20, 30, 40, 50, 60) extending in the longitudinal direction of the aircraft fuselage and ribs (80) extending transversely to the stringers (20, 30, 40, 50, 60) along the circumference a fuselage, wherein at least one of the stringers (30, 40, 50, 60) extending in the longitudinal direction of the aircraft fuselage is shaped as a fastening rail for elements (100, 110) which must be installed in the aircraft fuselage, wherein that the stringer (40) arranged in the form of a fastening rail has a head region (41), which is n ohodit in its longitudinal direction, is continuous between the ribs (80) and interrupted on the ribs (80) receiving recess (42) in which said fins are arranged. ! 2. The structural member of claim 1, characterized in that the structural element comprises an outer casing (10) of the aircraft fuselage to which the stringers are connected (20, 30, 40, 50, 60) and ribs (80). ! 3. The structural member according to claim 2, characterized in that the stringer (30, 40, 50) arranged in the form of a fastening rail has a base region (33, 43, 53) extending in its longitudinal direction for installing the stringer (30 , 40, 50) to the outer casing (10) and a head region (31, 41, 51) facing the inside of the fuselage and extending in the longitudinal direction of the sheath. ! 4. The structural member of claim 1, characterized in that the coupling sealing elements (46) are introduced into recess (42), the head region (41) with ribs (80), said elements comprise ribs (80) on the side facing the inside of the fuselage . ! 5. The structural member according to claim 3, characterized in that the stringer (30) arranged in the form of a fastening rail has a continuous head region (31) extending in the longitudinal direction


PURPOSE: To obtain a coating composition which can form a coating film excellent in antifouling properties and water repellency and has extensive use for coating by adding a specified fluorosilicone compound as a film modifier. CONSTITUTION: This composition comprises 100 pts.wt. film-forming component and 0.01-8 pts.wt. fluorosilicone compound, as a film modifier, represented by formula I (wherein part of Rf s are 4- -20 C perfluoroalkyl which may be substituted with chlorine or H; R is 1-5C alkylene or 2-C hydroxyalkylene; R is 1-12C alkylene, 4 2-50C oxyalkylene or 3-15C hydroxyalkylene; R and R are each 1-4C alkyl, phenyl or 1-3C fluoroalkyl; X is O, S, NH or CO2 ; and a is 5-1000) and having at least two hydroxyl groups in the molecule and/or fluorosilicone compound represented by formula II (wherein R is as defined in R or R ; y+z=5-1000; y/z =-0.5-200; and z>=2).


Cefpiramide is susceptible to many factors, including high temperature. Two solid states were observed in cefpiramide: a crystalline form and an amorphous one, and both the accelerated (40°C ± 2°C /75% ± 5% relative humidity (RH)) and stress (60°C ± 2°C / 75% ± 5% RH) stability study demonstrated that the crystalline form of cefpiramide was much more stable than its amorphous form, with related substances, high molecular mass polymers and assay as critical stability indicating parameters. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and water content results indicated that each molecule of crystalline cefpiramide may contain two molecules of crystal water, which can explain its high thermal stability. This study provides valuable information for cefpiramide and its drug products with respect to the improvement of its thermal stability through crystallization.


SUMMARY This article follows the publication strategies of the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779–1848). It focuses on the role of language and translation in Berzelius' efforts to strengthen his own reputation, and that of Swedish science. As an author and editor, Berzelius encouraged the translation of his own works into several languages, while endeavouring to preserve the status of Swedish as a language of scientific publication in the face of French, and increasingly German and English, dominance. Reforming the Transactions of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and launching several new scientific periodicals, Berzelius also attempted to influence the publication practices in other countries. Recent scholarship on the history of scientific publication has drawn attention to the practical difficulties of determining and getting hold of the relevant publications in one's field, the 'malleability' of the journal medium, and the common practice of reprinting and summarising papers published elsewhere. Berzelius' publication strategies highlight translation – time-consuming, unreliable and problematic in terms of authorisation and ownership – as one aspect of the wider problem of communicating across national and linguistic boundaries. Berzelius' struggles with the practicalities of communicating across borders in times of war, the choice of language and its consequences, and national standards of publication, demonstrate the importance of a transnational perspective on the history of scientific publication.


FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the technologies and devices for soil grouting by introduction of fixative agents into it through the hollow auger drilling solution. The method of soil grouting includes well drilling auger drilling solution, containing at least one perforated auger 5, and pumping in the grouting soil of fixative agents by means of supply main for grouting with blocking of the top of the pumping zone I at the primary stage by removal of extended soil in the lower part of the well and its dabbing by means of reversal of the hollow auger drilling solution without its overwind, and the removal situated in the well of the dabbed soil packed 21 at the last stage is performed from the bottow upwards without its expansion together with the extracted the hollow auger drilling solution from the well, at that pumping of the fixative agents is performed simultaneously through the whole depth of the pumping zone I around perforated auger 5 by means of layerwise processing by injection streams with the possibility of selective action moved in the central plane of the pumping zone I by means of a turn in the reverse direction of the hollow auger drilling solution in the specified periods of time. At that at the primaty stage to the well additional portions of filler in the form of drilling cuttings 20 or sand and at the last stage of removal situated in the well of the dabbed soil 21 is started after removal of the soil packer from the walls of the well by giving the hollow auger drilling solution the working direction of rotation in the short period. At that soil grouting with the long time expectation of excessive pressure leveling following pumping is performed by means of one drilling unit consequently of at least two soil auger drilling solutions connected in turn with one grouting supply main. The device for this method performance includes the hollow auger drilling solution with a drilling nose-piece 1 and swivel 2 for fixative agents supply 3 consisting of separate drilling augers 4 of the same length, at least one of them is performed perforated auger 5 with a pipe 6 of the same outer diameter continious helical curve 7 and reversive tool joints 8. In the interturn area of the drilling auger 4 placed above perforated auger 5 is fixed with the possibility of blocking of the specified area at the reversive rotation of the hollow auger drilling solution, a curvilineal scraper 9 which one end is pivotally connected with pipe 6 drilling auger 4 and covers it around the outer diameter, in the direction of reversive rotation of the hollow auger drilling solution and the other forms with the outer surface of pipe 6 the guaranteed gap 8. Turn of a curvilineal scraper 9 at the reversive rotation of the hollow auger drilling solution is limited by means of props 12 situated at the working 13 and non-working 14 surfaces 14 continious helical curve 7 drilling auger 4. Along pipe 6 perforated auger 5 sbsequent holes 15 are made that are situated in three rows in the planes located relative to each other at the angle of 120°. At that one of the holes row is oriented at the ends 16 continious helical curve 7 perforated auger 5, and inside the holes are installed with the possibility of a forced evacuation by means of the fixative agents, elastics packers 17. Also the holes are situated under non-working surface 14, continious helical curve 7, perforated auger 5 and are supplied along the perimeter with a protective visor 18. EFFECT: increase of efficiency of soil grouting and reduction of energy consumption. 7 cl, 6 dwg


In 1988 almost 65% of the adults, insured by the health insurance fund and 70% of the privately insured adults consulted the dentist. Wearing dental prostheses is by far the most important reason for not visiting the dentist. Most (63%) of the dentist consultations are due to regular check-ups, 14% are prolonged treatments, 12% are treatments following regular check-ups, and 10% are due to pain. Comparatively more women than men visit the dentist; there is no difference between girls and boys.


OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of treating femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis (ISR) with debulking with excimer laser followed by implantation of a VIABAHN endoprosthesis.

BACKGROUND
The optimal treatment strategy for femoropopliteal ISR is unclear.

METHODS
The SALVAGE study is a multicenter prospective registry involving nine US centers. Patients with femoropopliteal ISR with moderate to severe intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia (Rutherford categories 2-5) and an ankle-brachial index (ABI) =0.8 were treated with excimer laser and the VIABAHN endoprosthesis. The primary efficacy endpoint is primary patency at 12 months as measured by duplex ultrasonography. The primary safety endpoint is the major adverse event (MAE) rate at 30 days.

RESULTS
Twenty-seven patients were enrolled. The mean lesion length was 20.7 ± 10.3 cm. The majority of lesions were TASC (TASC I) C and D (81.4%). All lesions were pretreated with excimer laser and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) prior to VIABAHN implantation. Technical success was achieved in 100% of cases. There were no MAE at 30 days. Primary patency at 12 months was 48%. The ankle brachial index increased from 0.58 ± 0.24 at baseline to 0.90 ± 0.17 at 12 months. There was improvement in all quality-of-life parameters. The 12-month TLR rate was 17.4%.

CONCLUSIONS
The strategy of excimer laser atherectomy and PTA followed by implantation of a self-expanding stent graft for the treatment of femoropopliteal ISR is safe and associated with high procedural success. Primary patency rate at 12-months was suboptimal; however, the TLR rate was low.


Various resin products having beautiful pearl-like pat tern or luster and excellent mechanical strength such as impact strength and hinging properties are produced by molding a mixture of styrene-butadiene block copoly mer containing 10 to 35 wt % butadiene and 65 to 90 wt % styrene, showing resinous properties, and having a specific block form and crystalline polypropylene (con tent of the former copolymer: 25 to 95 wt %).


Doppler measurement of tissue vibrations (ultrasonic vibrometry) can provide clinical information about vascular pathology that may be otherwise difficult to obtain using conventional duplex ultrasound. Vibrometry can provide improved sensitivity, since the scattering strength from tissue is significantly higher than that from blood. In addition, detection of tissue vibrations has reduced angle dependency and does not require visualization of the vessel lumen, making the exam less dependent on operator skill and less time-consuming. The fundamental sources of error that can affect the measurement accuracy of the vibration characteristics are Doppler spectral broadening and tissue acceleration. Parametric simulation studies analyzing the effect of these sources of error and their implications are presented. We also present preliminary results from renal artery stenosis (RAS), demonstrating that a diagnosis based on the characteristics of measured tissue vibrations correlates well with the routine clinical diagnosis


The research activity in the IoT field caused a proliferation of information brokers with different features and targeted at different information abstraction levels. The OSGI Semantic Information Broker (SIB) is a portable and extendable solution for providing an IoT system with semantic support, a publish subscribe paradigm, and expressive primitives for information modeling. In this chapter the authors explain the main reasons for defining a new SIB version, substituting the previously used RedSIB, its main features and comparative evaluation against both ad hoc and standard benchmarks. Furthermore, recently defined primitives and experimental work on the portability to mobile devices and resiliency are proposed and discussed.


Friction and heat transfer coefficients were measured inside the corrugated tube using water as the working fluid. The test is performed for 16 tubes which outer diameter of tubes are 12.7㎜. These specifications are 4 indentation depths and 4 indentation pitches, respectively. The range of the water velocity inside the tube is from 0.5 to 3.0 m/s (8,500<Re<34,000). If the indentation depth of the corrugated tube is increased, the friction and heat transfer coefficients are augmented. But, when the indentation pitch of the corrugated tube is increased, the Friction and heat transfer coefficients are decreased. Finally, The correlations for the friction and heat transfer coefficients were proposed with the indentation pitch and depth varying Reynolds number.


Abstract : Descriptions are presented of the major methods of active RC network synthesis currently available, with critical analyses of advantages and shortcomings. In some cases, the original methods were extended and inaccuracies corrected. The major problem in the design of active RC networks appears to be the problem of sensitivity. The sensitivity of the realization of high order functions goes up quite rapidly with the order. In the methods of synthesis using negative impedance converters this necessitates the realization of cascaded low order networks utilizing isolation networks. The classical feedback method overcomes the isolation problem. However, the assumption of ideal amplifiers here constitutes a drawback. This, in turn, is overcome by the methods described, which are based on models of practical active devices. (Author)


s Objectives To study the preoperative and postoperative nursing measures of theoperation of skin island flaps supplied by vascular axis of the sensitive supperficial nerves. MethodsTo protect the vasopasm, and keep the skin flaps blood stream easy and smooth, 30 cases of skin islandflaps supplied by vasular asix of the sensitive supperficial nerves were paid well-considered preopera-tive prepartion, and close postoperative observation on the flaps ,and effective health guidance.Results The skin flaps of 30 cases survived well. all wound were healed in the first rate. ConclusionIt is one important turing point of preoperative full prepartion, postoperative precision observationand attentive nursing.


Major changes in sodium content of fillets of cod, blackback flounder, and ocean perch resulted from varying concentration of brine solution (5, 10, or 15%), duration of dip (30, 60 or 90 sec), fillet thickness, season of catch, and rinsing or skinning fillets before cooking. Postmortem age (1-5 days) of fish, temperature of brine solution (6, 12, or 20°C), and cooking had minor effects on final sodium concentration.


Questions about gifted and talented students have from time to time concerned the scientific community, teachers and parents. It is widely accepted that additionally to high intelligence, characteristics such as creativity, but also social and emotional characteristics had to be taken into account in order to identify gifted students. Today the wide group of disabled people includes also gifted children or "high ability children". In Greece the legal framework for gifted children is incomplete. It was not until 2003 and then 2008 that a low was passed, which states that people with special skills and talents could be given special educational treatment. However, this reference has never been applied. The role of a teacher in observing, recognizing and developing the giftedness and the talent of the students is particularly important. The aim of this article is to define the gifted, talented or "high abilities" students, to describe their positive and negative characteristics, as they emerge from the recent literature and finally to report the situation that has been formed in Greece as well as the steps that need to be taken.

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law under the changing conditions of the times. As Professor of International Law at Queens College, The City University of New York, he has set a high standard in the textbook field which calls urgently for scholars to meet the critical problems before us. A Foreword by our distinguished colleague, Quincy Wright, correctly emphasizes that the new international law of the United Nations Charter and the establishment of the organizations and procedures necessary to keep it in effect may be the price of survival in the atomic age.


Graphic symbols are very important in our lives, but some of them are not easy to be understood. Some studies have found a possibility that graphic symbols' intelligibility could be improved through learning of expression method. This study did the learning and memory test, the results of ANOVA verified that graphic symbols' intelligibility could be improved through learning of expression method and found the better expression method to be understood easily.


The present invention relates to a recycled zirconia block and a production method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a recycled zirconia block exhibiting excellent physical properties and exterior quality compared to existing zirconia blocks, by filling holes of waste zirconia blocks with plaster or zirconia powder filler. The present invention further relates to a production method thereof.


We present a method for determining the Galactic mass and mass distribution based on maximum likelihood parameter estimation. We show that the number density of the Galaxy's outer satellites can be modelled by a power-law function. Assuming that the total distribution of matter (visible and dark) can be modelled in a similar way, we construct a self-consistent, self-similar model of the outer Galaxy.


The isolation of a new cladiellin based diterpene (6), (1S,2R,3S,4R,SR,6S,8E,11S,12R,13S,14S)-3-acetoxy-2,12-dibutanoyloxycladiell-8-ene-4,11-diol is reported from the soft coral Alcyonium molle (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Alcyoniidae). The structure was deduced by high-field n.m.r. spectroscopy including 13C-lH shift correlated 2D n.m.r. experiments and n.O.e. measurements. The absolute configuration was based on the kinetic resolution method of Horeau. This highly derivatized diterpene (6) is the first alcyonacean derived metabolite to possess hydroxy functionalities protected as butyrate esters, although this feature is relatively common among gorgonacean metabolites. Gorgosterol (7), which cooccurs with (6) in A. molle was identified and its 13C n.m.r. spectrum reported for the first time.


Vehicle ad hoc networks are usually equipped with electronic chips that store a lot of sensitive information. Stores information
related to routing tables, packet, packet header information, uplink and downlink speed. Many studies emphasize on transmission delays,
data redundancy, queue delays and buffer management. The existing scenario collects results while transmitting packets from the source
machine to the destination machine. In the enhanced view, collect results from a remote server located in a rural area. Data was collected
through a cloud-based infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a framework for message propagation and provide security to end to end
semantic. The benefit of this framework is to provide correct information to the end user through cloud technology. This hybrid model is
capable of facilitating communication for cellular based infrastructure. To evaluate the proposed model, we collect the results from the NS2 simulator.


-The Internet has changed the market for rare books dramatically: The introduction of digital marketplaces allows buyers to search very easily and simultaneously in hundreds of antiquarians' catalogues. The market has therefore become much more transparent but what has happened to the level of prices? Although it is too early for a time series study, we can provide some empirical evidence by making use of the fact that antiquarians currently have very different channels of distribution. Some are pure Internet traders, others also have a second-hand bookshop or send catalogues. The difference in pricing strategies between, say, pure Internet traders and those who have a shop should give us an idea about what to expect when the share of Internet trade increases further. Our sample includes 674 books, each of which was offered at least four times in equally good condition; this allows us to calculate the deviation of an antiquarian's price from the other sellers' average price. This measure is regressed on various sellers' characteristics, partly making use of own survey data. Our clearest and most important result is the following: Though there is a considerable variance in most books' prices, we do not observe the expected negative correlation between price and share of Internet sales (in relation to a seller's total sales). Keywords--antiquarian books, digital marketplaces, Internet, price effects of electronic commerce


Extensive studies related to women's entrepreneurial motivation are available in the western context, however, only a few studies are found focused on factors that motivate Egyptian women to engage in entrepreneurial activities. The study explores in-depth the motivations behind female entrepreneurs' efforts to establish business ventures in Egypt. It analyses the influence of macrosocial realities and cultural values on the motivation for entrepreneurship. The finding demonstrates how post materialism factors motivate Egyptian women to embrace entrepreneurial activity as a way to maintaining "personal freedom". The results demonstrate the impact of the Arab patriarchal culture on shaping the Egyptian women motivation. The qualitative research approach is adopted in this study to explore the entrepreneurial motivations of Egyptian women entrepreneurs. Through purposeful sampling, 20 women entrepreneurs were selected from five Egyptian governorates to administer a semi structured interview for the collection of primary data. The findings indicated that the motivation of Egyptian women entrepreneurs cover a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Intrinsic motivations include maintaining personal freedom, satisfying their creative impulses, utilizing their knowledge derived from education training courses and work experiences, exploiting business opportunities, achieving a sense of self -actualization, improving social motivation. On the other hand, extrinsic factors include the inability to find a suitable job, death or illness of a family member, the need to supplement the family income, unfavorable job routine. The research on female entrepreneurs in the context of Egypt is essential as this study responded to calls for a thorough understanding of women's entrepreneurial motivations. By studying these factors, the study would be able to show that motivations are unique and differentiate from other contexts.


The author analyzes the current situation of the construction of civil society in China,and discusses impact of economic globalization on the construction of civil society in China.


It is truly refreshing to read a book by a political scientist or historian that begins with the statement, "Throughout, I assume that rhetoric mattered" (3). That is the second sentence of David F. Ericson's study of antislavery and proslavery rhetoric between 1832 and 1861. Rhetoric mattered, Ericson explains, not because it abolished slavery or caused the civil war, but because the ways in which people spoke about slavery affected the course of events that led to those results. Framing the issue in one way or another had consequences. Ericson pursues this idea through studies of six prominent antebellum speakers and writers and in a closing reflection on the metaphor of the "house divided." Ericson draws upon antebellum rhetoric for an unlikely purpose: to rehabilitate and even extend a thesis advanced 50 years ago by Louis Hartz (1955), one of the leading theorists of "consensus history." Hartz argued that the reason there had been little real social conflict in the U.S. was that political disagreements took place within an overarching consensus defined by liberalism, a set of values including personal freedom, private property, equal worth, and government by consent. Since opposing advocates at least implicitly shared the same basic premise, Hartz reasoned, conflicts were usually about means rather than ends, and social tension was sublimated beneath an underlying unity. The obvious challenge to such a view of U.S. history is the civil war. Hartz frankly acknowledges that it is an exception—the only significant exception—to his general thesis. It came about because slavery's defenders abandoned liberalism in favor of a commitment to ascriptive hierarchy based on race. Although his book remains a classic in American political thought, Hartz's (1955) thesis has not fared well in the intervening years. The deep social THE REVIEW OF COMMUNICATION 3.4 (October 2003): 347–352  2003 National Communication Association


Based on the concept of the modern enterprise logistics quality management,discussing some theories related to the enterprise logistics quality management,and analysing the basic way to strengthen the logistics quality management combined with Chinese enterprises status.


44 Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is increasing in incidence dramatically, and is associated with suboptimal outcomes despite the widespread adoption of neoadjuvant multimodality therapy (NAT) as a de-facto standard-of-care for clinically resectable disease. Between one-quarter and one-third of patients (pts) are found to have no evidence of tumor (pCR) at the time of surgical resection, a prognostic indicator of superior survival benefit. However, we currently lack a method to prospectively identify pts who will respond to (NAT). Identifying complete responders could reduce the number of patients requiring esophagectomy. The specific aim of this study was to determine if the pre-operative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which has been reported as a prognosticator of mortality, is prognostic of pCR to NAT.

METHODS
A prospectively collected database was queried for all pts that have undergone esophagectomy for EC, including both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Records were evaluated for preoperative complete blood count (CBC) with differential from which a NLR was calculated as the absolute neutrophil count divided by the absolute lymphocyte count. A NLR greater than 5 was considered elevated. Pts were classified as pCR if they had no residual tumor on final pathology, partial responders (PR) if they demonstrated down staging after neoadjuvant therapy, or non-responders (NR) if they did not show any improvement in their stage on final pathology.

RESULTS
Of 114 pts who underwent both NAT and esophagectomy for EC, 41 had a pre-operative CBC with differential from which a NLR could be calculated. There were 19 NR, 14 PR and 8 CR. These groups were demographically similar. The average NLR was 5.92 for NR, 6.56 for PR, and 4.89 among CR, with no statistically significant difference between groups. Overall survival at 5 years was 33%. By multivariate analysis NLR>5 did not correlate with pathologic response (p=0.78), and NLR >5 did not correlate with survival (p=0.33).

CONCLUSIONS
Elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios are not predictive of pathologic response to NAT in esophageal cancer.


Sea surface temperature data from a shipborne radiometer were used to assess the thermal skin effect parameterization schemes of Saunders [1967], Hasse [1971], Schlussel et al. [1990], and Soloviev and Schlussel [1994]. Under low-wind, high-insolation conditions, the presence of a near surface thermocline resulted in an apparent skin effect which depended on the history of the surface heating. Neglecting these cases, the Saunders [1967] and other schemes which omit solar radiation were the most effective. The observed variation with wind speed of the adjustable coefficient, ? s , in the Saunders formulae was similar to that predicted by Soloviev and Schlussel [1994], but the values were significantly higher, resulting in a greater magnitude of the observed skin effect. For the conditions occurring in this data set the better formulae predicted the skin effect with a standard deviation of ±0.16° C compared to a variation of the observed skin effect of nearly ±0.3°C.


Abstract The estimation of the Curie point depth (CPD) and heat flow (HF) from magnetic data is useful for geothermal and tectonic studies. However, the methodology of estimating these values is still controversial as numerous studies have used different types of transformed magnetic data. Most studies utilize the total magnetic intensity (TMI) or the reduced to the pole (RTP) data, and since shallow magnetic bodies may affect the final CPD values, low-pass (LP) wavelength filtering has also been used to estimate the CPD. In this study, the two-dimensional radially averaged spectral analysis was applied to the land-based magnetic data from the Sinai Peninsula. TMI and RTP data were both analyzed, using different LP filtered wavelengths, and the final CPD and HF values were compared. The cut-off wavelength parameter was selected in terms of the geologic complexity. The results show that the estimated CPD values are well correlated regardless of whether the magnetic data were either TMI or RTP. The RTP data produced a spatial shift in the CPD smaller than the window size being used. Additionally, the centroid method is primarily dependent on the wavenumber, which varied slightly on applying the RTP. There were slight differences in the estimated CPDs when a short LP filter (e.g., 20 km) was applied, whereas increasing the wavelength (e.g., 40 km) caused the CPD values to increase exceeding the plausible depth limits, and the associated spatial trends varied when compared to the other methods. In areas where the basement rocks were shallow or exposed, a LP filter can be applied with short cut-off wavelength. The estimated CPDs were discussed in the context of seismicity data, gravity-based Moho depths, and HF measurements.


Analytic models within the academy reveal a relatively recent concern with microstrategies of resistance. The current intellectual zeitgeist is one in which notions of individual "strategies" (Bourdieu 1977) and "tactics of resistance within everyday practice" (de Certeau 1984) are valorized in the literature. According to Michel Foucault, "[w]here Soviet socialist power was in question, its opponents called it totalitarianism; power in Western capitalism was denounced by the Marxists as class domination. But the task, of analyzing the mechanics of power could only begin after 1968, on the basis of daily struggles at grass roots level, among those whose fight was located in the fine meshes of the web of power" (1972:116). I am suggesting, in Foucauldian terms, the emergence of an epistemic shift: one in which the post-colonial subject, as an identity constructed by Western social scientific discourse, is far more empowered than the subject of colonialist times. This "other" of postmodern times is vibrant with agency and the will to resist. Today, the truth of the subject is told through a narrative of microstrategic resistance, as part of a larger post-colonial discourse which attempts to recuperate the savage of colonialist times, in order to repent for our previous sin: the denial of consciousness in the "savage other."


Aiming at solving the problem that there were large amounts of ineffective antibodies and the antibodies were lack of diversity in the traditional negative selection algorithm,this paper designed intrusion detection algorithm of artificial immune based on decision tree and genetic algorithm.The decision tree and the genetic algorithm were introduced into the traditional negative selection algorithm,the affinity between antibody and antigen was calculated using decision tree,the new formula of fitness was raised.The diversity of antibody set was measured by concentration of antibody,and the high concentration antibodies were replaced by the low concentration antibodies to achieve the diversity of the antibody set.When the quantity of the antibody set was kept at a constant,the nonself set space could be covered as large as possible so as to enhance the capability of the antibody set.


For a more profound understanding the national culture of China,it is imperative to make an in-depth research into Chinese traditional culture and investigate its grass-root foundation.Which ecological environmental factors govern in depth the formation and development of Chinese traditional culture and their basic features? It is held through analysis that as a whole,the main factors governing the formation and development of Chinese traditional culture and their basic features involve geographic environment,economic foundation,social structure and international conditions.


The 3D ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability code 1ERPSICHORE has been designed to take advantage of vector and microtasking capabilities of the latest generation CRA Y computers. To keep the number of operations small most efficient algorithms have been applied in each computational step. The program investigates the stability properties of fusion reactor relevant plasma configurations confined by magnetic fields. For a typical 3D HELIAS configuration that has been considered we obtain an overall perfomlance of 1.7 Gflops on an eight processor CRA Y -YMP machine.


We describe the development and maturation of the germ cells of the brachyuran crab Eriphia gonagra (Fabricius, 1781). Monthly collections were conducted in Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil, from November 2018 to October 2019 during the low spring tide. The anatomy of the reproductive system of female individuals follows the basic brachyuran pattern. Five cell developmental stages were identified based on the morphological changes in the developmental stages: oogonia (7.10 ± 1.85 µm), pre-vitellogenic oocytes (42.23 ± 8.61 µm), oocytes in initial vitellogenesis (130.49 ± 21.93 µm), vitellogenic oocytes (139.68 ± 23.45 µm), and mature oocytes (214.77 ± 90.81 µm). Developmental stages were defined and related to gonad coloration and germ- cell development; five maturational stages were identified: immature, initial maturation, advanced maturation, mature, and spawning/resting.


This thesis describes the design, development and testing of a novel sensor based on optical interferometry that measures displacement to 6 degree of freedom (DoF). It starts with an in-depth mathematical analysis of the behaviour of the radiant flux over


Extreme ultra-violet (EUV) lithography has been planned for high-volume manufacturing (HVM) in 2014 for critical layers of advanced nodes in the semiconductor industry. Process and proximity correction (PPC) and verification is necessary in order to compensate various optical and other process effects in EUV lithography. Since the long-range flare, mask shadowing effect, and lens characteristics all vary throughout the whole mask range, position dependent PPC and verification may be needed for accurate mask pattern synthesis. In this paper, we will study the PPC accuracy. The PPC flow uses a single PPC kernel set and a full-mask flare map for long-range flare correction. The lithography model is calibrated in accordance with this PPC flow. The lithography model is used to perform full-mask correction for the 10nm node test chip mask for BEOL/FEOL short loop flow development. The optimized full-mask patterns were placed on the mask and printed using a 0.25 NA EUV scanner at various focus and dose conditions. Printed wafers were measured by a CD-SEM and compared to post-PPC verification results.


The synchronization transition between two coupled replicas of spatiotemporal chaotic systems in 2+1 dimensions is studied as a phase transition into an absorbing state — the synchronized state. Confirming the scenario drawn in 1+1 dimensional systems, the transition is found to belong to two different universality classes — Multiplicative Noise (MN) and Directed Percolation (DP) — depending on the linear or nonlinear character of damage spreading occurring in the coupled systems. By comparing coupled map lattice with two different stochastic models, accurate numerical estimates for MN in 2 + 1 dimensions are obtained. Finally, aiming to pave the way for future experimental studies, slightly non-identical replicas have been considered. It is shown that the presence of small differences between the dynamics of the two replicas acts as an external field in the context of absorbing phase transitions, and can be characterized in terms of a suitable critical exponent.


Abstract : An investigation of elastic buckling of gun-launched motor cases is considered. The SATANS finite difference computer program was used for the analysis. Comparative results from other buckling models were obtained to verify the results. The results are summarized in a set of design curves and show that for the proposed design parameters, the elastic behavior is exceeded before buckling can occur. (Author)


Abstract In this paper, we undertake a systematic model- and valuation-theoretic study of the class of ordered fields which are dense in their real closure. We apply this study to determine definable henselian valuations on ordered fields, in the language of ordered rings. In light of our results, we re-examine the Shelah–Hasson Conjecture (specialized to ordered fields) and provide an example limiting its valuation-theoretic conclusions.


The public space of city is that the urbanite carries on the public contacts,hold various open places of activity,set up the communal facilities in the public space rationally,make sure that there is no obstacle to design as much as possible,it is the modern city that gives consideration to the humanization of the utility function and aesthetics function to reflect.This text come,analyze from Chengdu current situation of communal facilities urban communal facilities there is not thinking direction in which obstacle designs.


The paper outlines the features of the spatial planning systems worldwide, on
 different continents, based on countries where legislative frameworks for
 the planning and methodology of preparing and implementing planning
 documents are defined. In order to define global features of a spatial
 planning systems it is necessary to address several issues: the
 implementation of sustainability principles, the development of regional
 planning, the importance of an urban planning approach, management system,
 implementation problems, participation, the share of strategic spatial
 planning and transnational cooperation, etc. The determination of the
 planning system by numerous and various factors influenced the different
 degree of development of the planning process. In many countries, planning
 practice faces problems associated with the disrespect of the law,
 corruption and illegal land use, resolving regional development imbalances
 in almost all countries etc. At a global level, addressing environmental
 issues is becoming a dominant goal in most planning systems.


Purpose: To investigate the dosimetric feasibility of VMAT‐TMI technique in terms of treatment planning and delivery efficiency and accuracy for a Rando phantom using Eclipse RapidArc technology. Methods: Total body irradiation (TBI) has been an integral part of pre‐conditioning regimens for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Normal tissue toxicity is a common complication of TBI inclusive regimens especially at doses higher than 12 Gy due to inhomogeneous and excessive dose to organs at risk (OARs). Fixed gantry linear accelerator(linac) and Tomotherapy intensity modulated total bone marrow (IM‐TMI) techniques have been reported to reduce doses to OARs. However, the treatment time of more than one hour with both techniques may limit their clinical application. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) may be able to increase the treatmentdelivery efficiency while increasing the target conformality and reducing the radiationdose to OARs. In order to treat all the bones in the Rando phantom, three sub‐plans with a total of nine arcs were used. A total of 100 thermoluminescent detectors(TLDs) were placed at 39 positions throughout the phantom. The measured TLDdoses were compared to the calculated plan doses. Planar dose for each arc was verified using MapCheck and MapPhan. Results: Excellent target coverage with the prescription dose and dose reduction to the OARs were achieved similar to the fixed gantry linac IM‐TMI technique. The number of monitor units was decreased by 50%, while the delivery efficiency increased by more than 60%. TLD readings demonstrated accurate dosedelivery, with a median dose difference of 0.5% from the calculated dose. Planar dose distributions of all arcs satisfied the 3% and 3 mm gamma criteria with an average pass rate of 97.8%. Conclusions: Results from this study suggest that RapidArc VMAT‐TMI technique is clinically feasible. This study is supported by Varian Medical Systems


The inclusion of scintigraphy in the diagnostic algorithm for gastroesophageal reflux is controversial due to variability in methodology and reporting. A novel scintigraphic reflux study has been developed and validated against the current standards for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD).


The structures of N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-decylethane-1,2-diamine (ADD) based five families of hyperbranched oligo(ethyleneimine) (OEI) cascade generations 1-5 (CG 1-5) were designed as possible nanocarriers for some metals. They were optimized using the Molecular Mechanics, MM+ method. The PM3 Semi-Empirical Molecular Orbital Theory was used to optimize the structures of ADD-based hyperbranched cascade generations 1-5 (CG 1-5) and then investigated through the use of high-level density functional theory (DFT) methods. The peripheral molecular wave functions of CG1–5 are reactive, and were found to be a degenerate set with the similar eigenvalues. The reactivates of the peripheral orbitals allow the synthesis of larger generations. The bond lengths, shapes, sizes, energy stability of the CG1–5 structures and the size of the 3D structures were obtained. Quantum mechanical calculations have been carried out to study the structural and the electronic properties of CG1–5 adduct and some of their metal complexes. The optimized geometries, some of the calculated energies, spatial distribution and positions of HOMO, LUMO and the electrostatic potential of the molecules studied are obtained.


A dynamic revetment is a cobble-gravel berm constructed around the high tide wave runup limit. These structures mimic composite beaches, which consist of a lower foreshore of sand and a backshore berm constructed of gravel or cobbles, which stabilizes the upper beach and provides overtopping protection to the hinterland. Dynamic revetments contrast with static coastal defense structures as they are "dynamic" and are expected to reshape under wave attack. The idea of a dynamic structure made of smaller material than a classic riprap type of revetment is not new, and previous laboratory and field research has investigated the use of dynamic revetments for coastal protection (Allan et al., 2016). However, applications of such a structure remain sporadic and often differ to each other in terms of their design and aim. Furthermore, few existing dynamic revetments have been monitored to evaluate their function, and therefore, the way they behave at the particle and global scale remains poorly understood. In this study, 2D Lidar, GPS topography, particle tracking, and sub-surface particle composition data were collected on the dynamic revetment at North Cove, Washington State, USA, during a spring tidal cycle. Together they enabled investigation of the revetment dynamics and evolution in response to waves and water levels. In addition, this monitoring is proposed as a suitable protocol for short and long-term monitoring of dynamic revetments.


ABSTRACT Six genotypes of hard red spring (HRS) wheat were grown at seven environments in North Dakota during 1998. Effects of genotype and environment on glutenin polymeric proteins and dough mixing and baking properties were examined. Genotype, environment, and genotype-by-environment interaction all significantly affected protein and dough mixing properties. However, different protein and quality measurements showed differences for relative influences of genotype and environment. Total flour protein content and SDS-soluble glutenin content were influenced more by environmental than genetic factors, while SDS-insoluble glutenin content was controlled more by genetic than environmental factors. Significant genotypic and environmental effects were found for the size distribution of SDS-soluble glutenins and between SDS-soluble and SDS-insoluble glutenins as well as % SDS-insoluble glutenins. With increased flour protein content, the proportions of monomeric proteins and SDS-insoluble glutenin polymers app...


Objective:To quantitatively analyze the variations of brain iron in PD by measuring T2 relaxation time of brain gray nucleus.Methods:Choosing 17 PD patients and 20 healthy volunteers,T2 relaxation time was measured in both sides of CA,PM,GP and SNc.Results:T2 relaxation time decreased in SNc and increased in GP,when compared to the controls(P0.05).But there were no significant difference between the opposite side of affected extremities and those of asymptomatic extremities(P0.05).Conclusion:The T2 relaration time decreased in SNc and increased in GP in PD patients.The quantitative measurement of T2 can be used as an atraumatic method of PD diagnosis.


The substations have rigid security management regulations, including timely detection of fire hazards, detection of unauthorized persons and engineering vehicles in equipment areas. Conventional substation early-warning requires installing additional hardware such as infrared equipment, which is uneconomic and cannot simultaneously detect multiple types of security threats. In this paper, with the video surveillance information, a substation early-warning system is developed based on a real-time object detection algorithm and YOLO-v5 deep neural network. The proposed early-warning system establishes a regression model with a deep convolutional neural network combining the Backbone structure and PANet structure. The substation image dataset is augmented under multiple weather conditions and labeled to indicate multiple hazards. By minimizing the YOLO-v5 integrated loss functions with stochastic gradient descent, the deep neural network is trained to identify early-stage fires/smokes, unauthorized objects, and abnormal positions of vehicles in the substations. Experiments show that the proposed method can automatically identify multiple safety hazards in substations in real-time and enhance the security level of substations.


The electrochemical activity of 3-thienylboronic acid and its feature to form polymer films makes it a perspective receptor material for sensor applications. The affinity properties of this compound were studied here by isothermal titration calorimetry. A number of different analytes were tested, and the highest binding enthalpy was observed for sorbitol and fructose. An increase of pH in the range of 5.5–10.6 results in the rise of the binding enthalpy with an increase of the binding constant to ~8400 L/mol for sorbitol or ~3400 L/mol for fructose. The dependence of the binding constant on pH has an inflection point at pH 7.6 with a slope that is a ten-fold binding constant per one pH unit. The binding properties of 3-thienylboronic acid were evaluated to be very close to that of the phenylboronic acid, but the electrochemical activity of 3-thienylboronic acid provides a possibility of external electrical control: dependence of the affinity of 3-thienylboronic acid on its redox state defined by the presence of ferro/ferricyanide in different ratios was demonstrated. The results show that 3-thienylboronic acid can be applied in smart chemical sensors with electrochemically controllable receptor affinity.


Abstract The open top chamber (OTC) method was used in a farmland to study the influence of different levels of O 3 concentrations (40 ppb, 80 ppb and 120 ppb) on the enzymatic activity and metabolite contents of the antioxidation system of the winter wheat leaves during the jointing, heading and milk stage. The protective effect of exogenous spermidine (Spd) against the antioxidation of winter wheat under the O 3 stress was investigated. With the increasing O 3 concentrations and fumigation time, the injuries of the winter wheat leaves were observed to be more serious. For instance, when the O 3 concentration reached 120 ppb, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and nitrate reductase (NR) in the jointing stage decreased by 50.3%, 64.9%, 75.5% and 92.9%, respectively; peroxidase (POD) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased by 45.1% and 80.5%, respectively; the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) increased by 314.3%, 8.4% and 31.7%, respectively; and the soluble protein (SP) content decreased by 47.5%. The O 3 stress also had significant impact on the contents of proline (Pro), NO 3 – –N and NH 4 + –N of the winter wheat leaves. During the heading stage, when the O 3 concentration was 40 ppb and 80 ppb, the content of Pro was 163.9% and 173.2% higher than that in the control group, respectively. But under 120 ppb, it was decreased by 42.4%. Exogenous application of Spd increased the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, APX and GR, as well as the contents of GSH and SP, but decreased the contents of MDA and AsA. This indicates that Spd is an effective antioxidant to relieve the O 3 stress on winter wheat leaves, thereby might be applicable to protect winter wheat from the harm of O 3 .