In deep learning, the optimization techniques are the most part dependent on gradient descent methods, such as SGD, Adam; adopt the leading place in the area of optimization methods. Conventional methodologies which depend on stochastic gradients are non-adaptive because the prescribed parameter worth's usage should be tuned for every application. However, the generalization performance of the stochastic optimizers is far superior to the adaptive methods, whereas Adam and its variants cannot maintain this without a fast convergence rate in deep neural networks. To improve this generalization performance, we need to diminish the oscillation of the weights, the general problem of the accuracy fall. To stable the generalization performance, we have introduced Mean-ADAM, a variance of Adam, extends the updated weights by an external weight to diminish the oscillation and overcome a superior accuracy rate than all other adaptive gradient methods till the conclusion of the training. Therefore, we substantially improve the generalization performance, permit it to contend with the existing algorithms on different image classification datasets such as Mnist, Cifar 10, Cifar 100, ImageNet, etc. We have attained 82% at 150th epochs with Cifar 10 and 99.49% with Mnist where the Adam has indicated 76% and 99.43% individually. The graphical statistics and the quantitative results can indicate that the proposed method is more likely to perform in more diverse image datasets.


The SFLM Hybrid project aims to show that it is probable that a fusion-fission reactor can be constructed with a single-cell minimum B mirror machine as a neutron source. In this licentiate thesis, ...


Ecological speciation mechanisms are widely assumed to play an important role in the early stages of divergence between incipient species, and this especially true of fishes. In the present study, we tested explicitly for post-zygotic barriers to gene flow between a sympatric, recently diverged lamprey species pair that likely arose through ecological divergence. Experimental in vitro hybridization between anadromous parasitic Lampetra fluviatilis and resident nonparasitic Lampetra planeri resulted in a high proportion of embryos capable of attaining the burrowing pro-larval stage, strongly indicating no post-zygotic barriers to gene flow between these species. A sympatric, locally-adapted resident parasitic form of L. fluviatilis was also found to successfully hybridize with both members of this species pair. The consequences of these findings are discussed in the context of lamprey speciation. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 108, 378–383.


The key to develop the west exploits resonably water resources.This paper studies the policy evolution of water resources management in the US and the ecological disaster in Aral Sea caused by unreasonable exploiting water resources in the Soviet Union.The experiences and lessons of develop water resources in these countries should be used for reference so as to enhance the level of raesonable exploiting water resources.


Inthis paper, we explore theuseofafuzzy logic semistateless QoS approach forservice differentiation in wireless adhocnetworks. Thecooperation between the different functionalities andmechanisms oftheproposed QoS approach reduces theaverage delavofdata transmission. Theproposed model, called FuzzvMARS, includes a setofmechanisms: admission control forrealtimetraffic, a fuzzyv logic svstemforbest-effort traffic regulation, and threeschemes forreal-time traffic regulation. FuzzyMARS architecture supportsbothrealtimeUDPtraffic andbest-effort UDPandTCPtraffic. The simulation results showthat FuzzyMARS can besuitable for applications withdelay constraints. Underdifferent traffic, channel, andmobilitv conditions, theaverage delay obtained islowandstable. Thisshowsthat theuseoffuzzy logic inwireless adhocnetworks may addmore flexibility andcapabilitv ofoperating withtheimprecise information duetothemobilitv ofnodes.


In this work, the problem of stabilizing, about of a (possibly open-loop unstable) steady-state profile and through feedback control, a class of semilinear parabolic partial differential equations with collocated sensor and actuator setup is addressed. First, a state-feedback controller is build through an extension to the infinite-dimensional case of the notion of passivity for finite-dimensional systems. The stability analysis of the zero dynamics is carried out using by Lyapunov and modal techniques. Then the output-feedback version of the controller is constructed by combining the state-feedback controller with a pointwise measurement injection observer. The performance of the approach is illustrated with numerical simulations.


Summary

1
The gain function describes the amount of food consumed in a patch as a function of patch residence time. Gain functions play a central role in foraging theory but alternative functional forms portraying dynamics of gain have not been evaluated. We evaluated the strength of evidence in the data for alternative gain functions of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus, Rafinesque 1817) and blue duikers (Cephalophus monticola, Blythe 1848) feeding in patches composed of different plant species and plant sizes.

2
Gain functions decelerated with patch residence time, but there was considerable variation among individual animals and patch types in the nature of this response. Asymptotic and piecewise-linear models received the greatest support in the data.

3
Deceleration in gain was caused by a composite of effects that retarded instantaneous intake rate, including reductions in bite mass and increases in bite interval (time between successive bites). Bite interval increased as a result of increases in processing time of accumulated forage in the mouth, rather than increases in time allocated to cropping.

4
We demonstrated that unwarranted assumptions about the shape of gain functions can have profound effects on predictions of patch models. Predictions of the classical patch model using purely asymptotic gain functions contrasted sharply with predictions of model-averaged gain functions that were supported by the data.


The phenomenon of spontaneous nystagmus, of otitic origin, in children the subjects of hereditary syphilis, is one that is well known to the continental otologists. It is constantly referred to by them in their writings and lectures, but does not appear in the English literature devoted to paediatrics, otology or syphilology. Hen.nebertl drew attention to the syndrome, and it goes by the aponym 'Hennebert's syndrome,' or ' fistel symptom ohne fistel ' (fistula symptom, without fistula). Alexander3 and Ruttin have subsequently recorded their observations. According to these otologists, children afflicted with hereditary syphilis may exhibit one or other of the following:


Students involved in the program showed improvement in several stress measures. Significant effects were seen in a comparison immediately after the training: decreased aggression, decreased helplessness in school, decreased physical complaints. The findings suggest that even beginning-level meditation training can have potentially powerful neurological effects. And as the researchers involved in this experiment have taken a broad-minded approach in their examination of meditation


Capacity of a RFCCU with stacked two-stage catalyst regeneration in Yan′an Petroleum Refining Industry Group Company was expanded from 0.8Mt·a~(-1) to 1.0Mt·a~(-1). During the revamp, the "bottle necks" that limited the capacity were enlarged, at the same time, some new equipments and technology such as BWJ-Ⅲ high-efficiency feedstock atomizing nozzle and the upgrading technology of straight-run gasoline were adopted. Through the technical transform, the original two goals, one is to expand capacity, the other is to settle problems in operation were reached, in addition, the yield of light diesel oil increased by 5.97%, and the light oil yield increased by 2.32%.


In this tutorial we present the classic literature about qualitative spatial reasoning and high-level scene interpretation. Based on this literature overview we present the building blocks for the development of a spatial reasoning formalism whose goal is the interpretation of estereo-vision data from a mobile robot.


Based on Norris equations and bean model,several non-uniform distributions of critical-current density were assumed,the effect of distributions of critical-current density along the radial direction of high-temperature superconductors on transport ac losses was investigated from the quantitative point of view.Multi-distributions of critical-current density along the radial direction included stepwise and point-to-point were considered and analytical expressions of transport ac losses under non-uniform distributions of critical-current density by introducing a dimensionless parameter λ which characterized the discrepancy of non-uniform distributions of critical-current density.The results indicated that there are obvious differences between stepwise and point-to-point at the curves trend and the order of magnitude.The higher the transport current increase,the obviously the effect of non-uniform distributions of critical-current density on transport ac losses become.


Objective: The purpose of this prospective study was to measure the time interval from admission to surgery of patients with neck of femur fractures at Armed forces hospital Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia, and Mayo University Hospital Castlebar, Ireland. And it was compared with established standards. Methodology: The study was conducted from January 2015 till June 2017; only elderly patients above 50 years with hip fracture due to trivial trauma were included in the study. The standards selected for comparison were the "Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines (SIGN 56) 2002" according to which "Patients should be operated on, as soon as possible (within 24 hours)" and the British Orthopaedic Association (BOA), Jan. 2008, guidelines, which states "Surgical fixation should not be delayed more than 48 hours". Results: Out of 113 patients with hip fracture, there were 43 (38%) male and 70 62%) female. Significant co-morbidities were found especially in the age range of 61-80, which comprised 64% (73) of the patients. Intra-capsular fractures were 37(32.75%) and Extra-capsular were 76(67.25%). Patients operated within 24 hours (Scottish Guidelines) were 35 (31%) and those operated within 48 hours (BOA guidelines) were 76(35+41) 67%. Reasons for delay in (37) 33% patients operated after 48 hours were non-availability of HDU bed, delayed cardiac evaluation and lower respiratory tract infection. Conclusion: Patients at our hospital with fragility hip fractures were operated within the international time interval guidelines. There is no solid evidence in the literature suggesting which time frame should be used but the Scottish (24 hours) and the BOA (48 hours) are the guidelines most institutions follow. Although we failed to achieve the Scottish standard, 98% of our patients were operated within the BOA standard.


Abstract An application of thermosensitive PDLCs in physics curriculum is described. Several examples of students' exercises and lecture demonstrations concerning heat effects are presented.


Nonparametric kernel estimation of density and conditional mean is widely used, but many of the pointwise and global asymptotic results for the estimators are not available unless the density is continuous and appropriately smooth; in kernel estimation for discrete-continuous cases smoothness is required for the continuous variables. Nonsmooth density and mass points in distributions arise in various situations that are examined in empirical studies; some examples and explanations are discussed in the paper. Generally, any distribution function consists of absolutely continuous, discrete, and singular components, but only a few special cases of nonparametric estimation involving singularity have been examined in the literature, and asymptotic theory under the general setup has not been developed. In this paper the asymptotic process for the kernel estimator is examined by means of the generalized functions and generalized random processes approach; it provides a unified theory because density and its derivatives can be defined as generalized functions for any distribution, including cases with singular components. The limit process for the kernel estimator of density is fully characterized in terms of a generalized Gaussian process. Asymptotic results for the Nadaraya–Watson conditional mean estimator are also provided.


The article discusses child labor in Bangladesh, referring to Harkin's Bill and the Memorandum of Understanding Type schooling programs. Bangladesh is considered to be one of the child-labor abundant countries. The Child Labor Survey, 1995-96 estimates that the number of children in the labor force is 6.58 million out of the 34.45 million children in the age group of 5-14 years. Harkin's Bill concentrates on prohibition, rather than on regulation, and fails to take into account the situation of acute poverty that forces children to enter the labor force. That is why many developing countries opposed such global prohibition of child labor. These countries consider these initiatives to be a kind of disguised protectionism and claim that their children are being used to protect jobs in the developed countries. Naturally, the bill appeared as a great threat to the Bangladeshi garments industry. The U.S. and other foreign buyers declared that they would boycott this exportable item of Bangladesh as long as children below the minimum age for employment are being used by this industry.


In this article RCS of two-dimensional medium object is analyzed and calculated by method of moment.First RCS' formula of two-dimensional medium object is concluded,then Columnar RCS of two-dimensional medium is calculated by method of moment.The calculating result is same as the result of analysis.It shows that method of moment is an effective method to study electromagnetism scattering characteristic of two-dimensional medium object.Eventually,the method of moment is used concretely to calculate RCS of square column and triangular column.


Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control systems are a fundamental building block of classical and modern control systems. They have been used in the majority of industrial applications from chemical process control, mechanical process control, electro-mechanical process control, aerospace systems control to electrical drive control and power converter control. Understanding these control systems and having the capability to design and implementing them are paramount to an engineer. This paper presents the development and outcomes of a new teaching PID control in a university laboratory, which provides a hands-on learning experience with a low cost thermal rig for design and implementation of the control systems. The class had 180 undergraduate and postgraduate students who came from the fields of electrical, electronic, communication, mechanical, and aerospace engineering. The teaching outcomes demonstrate improved student capability in using knowledge from theories/lectures to create a real hardware-based control system. Student feedback about laboratory activities was very positive which is strong evidence for improving teaching and learning quality.


a class of relationships between dominant States and their dependent territories, governed by the principle of self-determination contained in articles 1, 55 and 76 of the United Nations Charter. An agreement concluded between such parties, in which the dependent agreed to onerous restrictions upon its future sovereignty in exchange for the grant of independence by the dominant State, might raise the presumption of undue influence. The determination of the issues could be resolved by third-party adjudication, because a plea of duress or undue influence could be limited conceptually as it is in municipal law. It is not suggested that this is a probable future development. However, it seems valuable to emphasise that there is nothing in the nature of legal principles to prevent modification of treaty law. If no development occurs, one may anticipate sweeping attacks on the validity of international agreements, in terms of their subjectmatter, or the unfairness of the quid pro quo, or some other undefined concept of inequality. Claims of this type would seriously threaten the principle pacta sunt servanda. The effect on international law of the emergence of new States from colonialism has been recognised by several Soviet publicists,* and their response has sometimes been broad assertion on the basis of Sovereignty, Self-Determination, and Unequal Treaties.* The Bizerta debates indicate that these slogans are replacing legal analysis, owing to frustration with the international law of treaties. It has been stated that " international law cannot serve its functions of preserving order and justice in the world if it is to become an ideology of half the world opposed by the other." ** The Bizerta debates emphasise the urgency of accommodating both halves of the world, if international law is to survive.


The precipitation of barium sulfate was investigated by photon correlation spectroscopic (PCS) measurements of the growing crystals combined with electrical conductivity measurements of the mother solution. Small silica seeds (36nm) were added to the solution. Therefore, heterogeneous nucleation did not take place on the walls and on the stirrer, which is usually the case, but on the seeds. Hence the growth of the crystals which had nucleated on the seeds could be studied by PCS. In order to avoid the ill-conditioned inversion of the measured raw data, the autocorrelation functions, a population balance model was used to calculate these functions with the help of a kinetic model taken from the literature. The measured and the calculated autocorrelation functions should coincide and adjustable parameters were found from a least-squares fit. The measurements revealed that nucleation is strongly enhanced by PMA-PVS (polymaleic acid-polyvinylsulfonic acid). However, a simple model which assumes Langmuir adsorption of PMA-PVS on the crystal surface did not describe the kinetics very well. The nucleation rate in the absence of the additive was found to be J=1.3x10 10 exp(-27/ln 2 S) (m -3 s -1 ), while the growth rate was G=2.6x10 -8 (S-1) 2/3 S 1/3 exp(-29/3lnS) (m/s). These results match results taken from the literature fairly well.


A new concept of heat exchanger at sub-millimeter scale is proposed for applications in cooling on-board electronics devices, in which the quality of the exchanges between fluid and wall is very critical. In the proposed system, the upper wall of the channel is deformed dynamically to obtain a sinusoidal wave on this surface. The lower wall is exposed to constant heat flux simulating the imprint of an electronic component. A systematic 3-D numerical study in transient regime on the different deformation parameters allowed obtaining both the pumping characteristics and the heat transfer characteristics of the system. It was observed that the dynamic deformation of the wall induces a significant pumping effect. The intensification of the heat transfer is very important even for highly degraded waveforms, although the pumping efficiency is reduced in this case.


In this study, we propose a novel intelligent particle swarm optimization(PSO). In case of PSO, when particles approach to optimum point, particles roam near global optimum. Therefore, PSO takes unnecessary function call and long convergence time. In order to solve these problems, we propose distance based intelligent particle swarm optimization(DbIPSO). DbIPSO calculate distance of every particle and when distance is lower than assigned value, best particle absorbs near particles to reduce function call and convergence time. By applying proposed algorithm to optimal design of permanent magnet synchronous machine, we validate its effectiveness and performance.


The articles that are included in this special section were presented at the 26th Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV 2015) that was held 29 June - 1 July, 2015 in Seoul, South Korea.


This essay offers a counter-reading of Super Columbine Massacre RPG!, a controversial video game about the infamous school shooting at Columbine High School in 1999 in which players adopt the roles of the shooters Eric Harris and Dylan Klebod. Focusing on the game's unique procedural rhetoric, we argue that SCMRPG! juxtaposes interactive, non-realistic violence–reflected in a campy nineties video game aesthetic–with photographic evidence, extant dialogue, and a detailed narrative of the tragic events at Columbine to promote critical thought about gun violence generally and school shootings in particular. The essay concludes with a brief reflection on the vital that role video games can play in critical pedagogy.


Two studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of digital multimedia modules as training tools for animal care workers. Employees at a commercial feedlot (n = 17) and a commercial dairy (n = 10) were asked to independently complete a 10-question quiz prior to and following viewing of training modules. Module topics in the feedlot were proper handling of non-ambulatory animals and humane methods of euthanasia; modules were administered to the workers, as a group, in either English (n = 7) or Spanish (N = 10), depending on previously indicated worker preference. Modules addressing dairy cattle health practices and dairy cattle handling were presented to the dairy care workers who had a preference for learning in either English (n = 7) or Spanish (n = 3). For feedlot workers, post-test scores were improved by 28% after viewing the modules compared to pre-test scores (74% vs. 58%; P 0.30) between language, topic, and between-test variation, indicating that the modules were equally effective at information


For pt.I see ibid p.79-94. This is the second in a series of three papers in which it is shown how the radial part of non-relativistic and relativistic hydrogenic bound-state calculations involving the Green functions can be presented in a unified manner. In this paper the nonrelativistic Green function is examined in detail; new functional forms are presented and a clear mathematical progression is shown to link these and most other known forms. A linear transformation of the four radial parts of the relativistic Green function is given which allows for the presentation of this function as a simple generalization of the non-relativistic Green function. Thus, many properties of the non-relativistic Green function are shown to have simple relativistic generalizations. In particular, new recursion relations of the radial parts of both the non-relativistic and relativistic Green functions are presented, along with new expressions for the double Laplace transforms and recursion relations between the radial matrix elements. A novel proof of the Sturmian form of the radial Green functions is given in an appendix.


Trolley positioning and payload swinging control problem of a flexible cable gantry crane system are addressed in this paper. The system's equations of motion that couple the crane's cable and actuators dynamics are derived via extended Hamilton's principle. The control signal is designed based on the Lyapunov direct method to derive control force and backstepping technique is employed to determine input signal for the actuator. The stability of the closed loop system is proven analytically. Numerical simulations are included to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the closed-loop system.


Abstract Free corrosion immersion experiments were conducted on a commercial airframe material, Al 2024-T3 (UNS A92024), in 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution to investigate the role of microcon...


This paper describes the results of an agenda-setting panel session that took place at the 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences organized by the Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) research community. While the state of design research in engineering design has advanced tremendously in the last thirty-five years since the formation of the DTM community, reflecting on the successes and challenges faced by this community revealed several key directions and opportunities that this community is well positioned to take. Namely, panelists and audience members in the session identified five new agenda items that have the potential to further strengthen research on Design Theory and Methodology: 1) Ethics, Equity, and Justice-focused design research, 2) Design for Sustainability research programs, and 3) Research on Computational Agents as team members in the design process,4) Building new theories from research conducted on Design Theory and Methodology, and 5) Focus on inclusive excellence in the review process of new and cross-disciplinary research. These agenda items as well as reflections on the history and legacy of the Design Theory and Methodology research community on the evolution of design research more broadly are discussed in this paper. The results of the panel session provide directions for next-generation design theory and methodology research that is effective, inclusive, and impactful.


Introduction: Skin is the organ of the body that is exposed mostly to the microorganisms. Bacteria, fungi, and viruses are usually responsible for the infection of the skin. Due to lack of penetration through the stratum corneum of conventional systems used in infectious diseases of the skin leads to a decrease in bioavailability. For this reason, nanoscale drug delivery systems that could be used in infectious diseases of the skin are currently being investigated.
Areas covered: In this review, innovative studies conducted over the years are presented. New topical formulations such as nanoparticles, microemulsions, liposomes, nanofibers and micelles etc are widely used and topic of research for many researchers.
Conclusion:  Studies have shown that the smaller size and control of these delivery systems provide more effective treatment by increasing drug penetration into the skin. It has been found that drug delivery systems provide a better antimicrobial effect, especially in resistant infections caused by MRSA.
Keywords: drug delivery systems, modified release dosage forms, skin infectious diseases, topical.

Peer Review History:
Received: 17 July 2022; Revised: 16 August; Accepted: 4 September, Available online: 15 September 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, email@example.com
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest 'Advanced OPEN peer review' system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is 'to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript'. Our reviewers check the 'strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly'. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
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Predicting the arrangement of atoms in materials is of fundamental importance for the discovery and design of new materials. The discovery and development of stronger, cheaper, lighter, etc., functional materials can help to extend the steady progress of technology to which we have become accustomed, and to enable future technologies. It is increasingly being recognised that computational modelling can play a key role in this enterprise via searching for structures. The great challenge of computational materials discovery is that exploring the potential energy surface of a material (the "structure space") is fundamentally combinatorial in nature, and there is no hope of a complete enumeration of the energy minima which represent stable and metastable structures. Only fully quantum mechanical calculations suffice to deliver the accuracy required for the wide range of inter-atomic bonding that may be encountered during the searches. First-principles density functional theory (DFT) methods offer a high-level quantum mechanical description of the electronic structure at a cost that is affordable for the many thousands of structures that must be considered in the course of a reliable search. In recent years there has been an explosion of activity aimed at combining structure searching with DFT methods, supported by the increasing availability of computing resources and the stability and efficiency of modern DFT codes. Early first-principles searches for crystal structures were performed for small unit cells by Schön and Jansen [1] and methods based on, for example, "Evolutionary Algorithms" [2, 3, 4], "Swarm Intelligence" [5], "Basin Hopping" [6], and "Minima Hopping" [7] have been used. We introduced the simple and highly effective "Ab initio Random Structure Searching" (AIRSS) method [8]. These methods derive from ideas about global optimization developed within the computational mathematics community. There is, however, no consensus on the most efficient algorithms for finding low-energy structures using first-principles DFT methods. Modern DFT codes are highly optimised for relaxing structures to a local minimum in the energy. A search typically starts from a set of structures with controlled degrees and types of randomness. Very bad structures can be eliminated during the optimisation, and methods for jumping out of local minima are often employed. The success of a particular search depends much more on the details of how it is performed than the general type of searching algorithm used. The basic operations performed on the structures during the searches in the different methods are all rather similar. The initial structures should be carefully prepared by, for example, controlling the initial atomic separations, placing molecular units within the simulation cell rather than individual atoms, or constraining the symmetry (based on the idea that low energy structures normally have symmetry). It is now possible to search for the structures of bulk crystals, nanoclusters, crystalline surfaces, interfaces, point defects, etc, using these methods. We don't even demand to know the precise chemical composition, the identities of the elements present is often enough, as the stable structures can be predicted for different chemical compositions. Searching can lead to the discovery of new compounds and new types of inter-atomic bonding. Various examples of the success of structure searches using first-principles methods are described in Refs. [9] and [10]. Searching with first-principles DFT methods has met with many successes, and only a very few of them can be mentioned here. (1) Very recently the prediction from AIRSS [11] that at high pressures ammonia decomposes into NH4 and NH − 2 ions has been verified experimentally [12]. (2) AIRSS was used to determine the structure of the high pressure phase III of hydrogen, which has been sought for over 20 years [13]. The most promising models for the recently discovered phase IV of hydrogen emerged from AIRSS calculations [13]. (3) The USPEX evolutionary code [2] was used to predict "transparent dense sodium" at high pressures, with a double-hexagonal-close-packed structure, which was confirmed by experiment [14]. (4) USPEX was used to identify stoichiometries of stable sodium chlorides [15].


Additions of micromolar concentrations of magnesium (Mg) to hydroponics enhance aluminum (Al) tolerance of soybean by increasing citrate secretion from roots and external complexation of toxic Al species. The objective of this study was to assess the ameliorative effect of Mg additions on soybean root elongation into mineralogically different acid soils. Roots of soybean seedlings grew for 28 days into acid soils treated with three Mg levels in their soil solution (Control, 150 and 300 μM) and lime. Root growth in the acid soils and aboveground dry matter responses to the Mg treatments were less than for the lime treatments. Citrate fate in the acid soils revealed that 66–99% of added citrate was either adsorbed or biodegraded, suggesting that root secreting citrate in the soil abundant with Al and iron (Fe) hydroxides potentially reduces the availability to complex rhizotoxic Al. A calcium (Ca) deficiency may have constrained root growth response to the Mg-treated soils.


[Read before the Nottinglhamw Miedico-Chtit-urgical Society, February 70th, 1862.] ROBERT MAKLEY, a plasterer, aged 35, came under my care in November 1860. At that time, he was suffering from equal paralysis of both lower extremities, with obstinate constipation, and incomplete control of the urinary bladder. He had been in this condition eleven months. He was a steady married man, with two children; and there was no evidence of hereditary taint, gout, syphilis, or lead-poisoning; but he had long suffered from various aches and pains, which he termed rheumatic. lie was five feet seven inches in height, moderately strong, and of bilious temperament. The history of the case is briefly as follows. Without any very marked premonitory syroptoms, he experienced one day, when at work in a windowless house, and while exposed to a strong draught, a peculiar tingling sensation in both legs, which soon amounted to numbness, and, in the night, to complete paralysis. He was then


Number number of calls for each region a cellular phone where the CPU calculates a cellular phone, and a digital memory the number of calls for each region. Telephone number stored in the telephone directory file is appended to the order of priority in accordance with the number of calls in digital telephone numbers corresponding phone code region. When the user want to display the telephone number on the screen of the display unit, CPU arranged in the order of priority order the telephone number on the screen.


The present invention includes a region or field grown seed containing AAD-1 event herbicides before planting and / or preemergence. In some preferred embodiments, the seed comprises corn event DAS-40278-9. In some preferred embodiments, the herbicide may be 2,4-D formulations comprising the active ingredient. Such herbicides can also be used and the formulation before planting applications. It can be used in combination of other herbicides, such as glyphosate, including preplant application. PTA-10244 20090710


Abstract Electrothermal (ET) atomization atomic absorption spectroscopy with a pyrolytic graphite (PG)‐coated graphite furnace is employed as one of the effective techniques for determination of trace amount of metal in nano and picograms. In this article, the fundamental studies are described, including the distribution of element on furnace surface, the surface hydrophobic property control, the chemistry of carbon matrix in graphite furnace, the activation energy due to surface nano‐structure sensitive and the non‐graphite surface atomizer. The analytical application and physicochemical approach are also included.


A camera unit, and a parking assistance system comprising a display for displaying the front or the back image of the vehicle photographed by the camera unit for photographing the front or the rear image of the vehicle, the parking assistance system from the vehicle a distance generating a vertical first and second parking guide lines apart from each other in area, and a processor unit configured to generate an estimated traveling locus line in accordance with the steering angle information obtained from the steering angle sensor of the vehicle; And it may include a front or rear of the image of the photographed vehicle the first and second parking guide line overlay section that overlays (overlay) the estimated traveling locus line.


This paper discusses an application of nonlinear controllability theory to the attitude control problem of a spacecraft with single reaction wheel and nonzero initial angular momentum. The target system is a model of actuators failure and has strong nonlinearity. Firstly, the controllability is checked to reveal the non-controllable situation. After that the control objective set to coincide a body-fixed antenna with a desired direction periodically. In order to achieve the control objective in the controllable region, the controller based on the input output linearization is designed. The validity of the proposed controller is confirmed in numerical simulation.


To maintain flight safety, all transport aircraft designs should satisfy airworthiness standard regulation. One fundamental issue of the aircraft design that relates directly to flight safety as well as commercial aspect of the aircraft is on the evaluation of the maximum speed within the designated flight envelope. In the present work, a study is performed to evaluate the negative altitude requirement related to aeroelastic instability analysis as one requirement that should be fulfilled to design the maximum speed. An analytical derivation to obtain the negative altitude is performed based on the airworthiness requirement that a transport airplane must be designed to be free from aeroelastic instability within the flight envelope encompassed by the dive speed or dive Mach number versus altitude envelope enlarged at all points by an increase of 15% in equivalent airspeed at both constant Mach number and constant altitude. To take into account variation in atmospheric condition as function of altitude, the international standard regulation is used as referenced. The analysis result shows that a single negative altitude can be obtained using these criteria regardless of the dive speed or dive Mach number. A further discussion on the application of the negative altitude concept to UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), in relation to UAV Standard Airworthiness Requirement STANAG 4671, is presented.


The equilibrium geometries, harmonic vibrational frenquencies, and the dissociation energies of the N2H+−X (X = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and H2) complexes were calculated at the DFT, MP2, MP4, CCD, CCSD, and CCSD(T) levels of theory. In all of the rare gas complexes, the DFT, MP2, and MP4 methods tend to produce longer X−H+ (X = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and H2) distances than the CCSD(T)-level-predicted value, while the CCD- and CCSD-level X−H+ bond lengths are slightly shorter. For the free N2H+ ion, all level calculations yield reliable results and are congruous with experiments. The predictions of geometrical parameters, dissociation energies, and the red shift of the H+−N stretching mode (ΔωH+-N) in N2H+−He and N2H+−Ne complexes are highly dependent upon the level of electron correlation and the size of the basis set. The DFT method is not reliable for studies of fairly weak interactions between He, Ne and N2H+, however, may be used to obtained the qualitatively correct results for N2H+−Ar and N2H+−H2. For comp...


The history of foreign relations between Europe and Africa in the four centuries before colonization is the history of slavery and violence, linking up with the story of Africans in the diaspora today. The exploratory activities of men like Christopher Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci led to European occupation of lands like Mexico, the West Indies, and the Americas and the decimation of indigenous people. The decimination process resulted in an acute shortage of labor in the numerous mines and plantations producing sugar and coffee, which were highly prized in Europe. The Portuguese solved this labor shortage by beginning to import Africans from Africa. The sugar barons of England then moved to sponsor British merchants in the big inhuman business that was to last over 400 years, carrying away healthy and strong Africans (especially those 15-35 years old) to build the pillars of Europe's prosperity while totally ignoring or suppressing all protests. Thus in 1775, Lord Dartmouth, then British secretary of state for the colonies, speaking of Europeans' capturing, selling, and buying Africans, said, "We cannot allow the colonies to check or discourage in any traffic so beneficial to the nation" (Davidson, 1971). African rulers who opposed the European activities were forcefully replaced with quislings, and African communities that refused to supply Africans were attacked or threatened with destruction by European warships. For example, in 1843, French plunderers threatened the Efik people


Objective:To study the clinical value of vaginal fluid β-HCG and AFP detecting in diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes(PROM).Methods :①Collooidal gold assay was used to detect HCG in the fluid of vaginal.②Vaginal fluid β-HCG and AFP were measured by radioimmn noassay following burn injury in 30 cases with PROM and 20 cases of normal pregnant women,respectively.Results:①The positives of early pregnancy test were 93.3%,the specificities were 100%.②The medians of β-HCG and AFP in vaginal fluid of PROM were 820.00 mIu/ml and 212.90 ng/ml,respectively.These values were significantly higher than those(5.55 mIu/ml and 0.12 ng/ml) of the normal pregnant women(P0.01),The quartiles of β-HCG and AFP in vaginal fluid of PROM were 557.40 mIu/ml and 199.50 ng/ml,respectively. These values were significantly higher than those(3.87 mIu/ml and 0.30 ng/ml) of the normal pregnant women(P0.01).Using a threshold value of β-HCG 50 mIu/ml or AFP 30 ng/ml for the diagnosis of PROM,the positives were 93.3% and 93.3%,the sensitivities were 93.3%and 93.3%,the specificities were 100%and 100%,respectively.③Three method had no difference.Conclusion :Detection of vaginal fluid β-HCG and AFP,especially early pregnancy test is useful for the accurate and quick diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes.


A light emitting device (30) includes a nitride semiconductor substrate (1) with a resistivity of 0.5 OMEGA -cm or less, an n-type nitride semiconductor layer (3) and a p-type nitride semiconductor layer (5) placed more distantly from the nitride semiconductor substrate than the n-type nitride semiconductor layer at a first main surface side of the nitride semiconductor substrate, and a light emitting layer (4) placed between the n-type nitride semiconductor layer (3) and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer (5), wherein one of the nitride semiconductor substrate (1) and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer (5) is mounted at the top side which emits light and the other is placed at the down side, and a single electrode is placed at the top side. Therefore, there is provided a light emitting device which has a simple configuration thereby making it easy to fabricate, can provide a high light emission efficiency for a long time period, and can be easily miniaturized.


Proportional representation with districts, the most prevalent electoral system in the democratic world, is often characterized by institutional heterogeneity. Within the same state, some voters cast their ballots in districts of a few representatives while others in districts of a few dozens. Yet in other states variation is much smaller. How does variation in the number of seats per district affect permissiveness of electoral systems and hence representation? The implicit assumption in the literature is that systems are similar if they are similar 'on average' (district). Drawing on a broad cross-section of democracies, we demonstrate that greater variation in district magnitude and in particular the presence of large districts lead to better conversion of heterogeneity in the electorate to that in parliament. Where districts are of similar magnitude conversion falls short compared to what current literature finds while in systems with large variation conversion is better than perceived. Paper presented for delivery at the Institutional Determinants of Legislative Coalition Management Conference. Tel Aviv, November 2015 * Department of Political Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel. Orit Kedar is an Associate Professor in the department of political science. Liran Harsgor is a PhD candidate in the department of political science. Or Tuttnauer is a PhD candidate in the department of political science. Kedar gratefully acknowledges financial support by the ERC.


We study a Cahn-Hilliard model with a Willmore regularization, which is based on a generalized anisotropic surface energy. This model allows for the investigation of the evolution toward equilibrium crystal faceting. Here we propose an efficient energy stable numerical method for solving the model system. The numerical scheme, which involves adaptive mesh refinement and a nonlinear multigrid finite difference method, is constructed based on a convex splitting approach. It is numerically verified that the discrete energy of the anisotropic system is non-increasing, although we are not able to prove this analytically. Three dimensional simulations are preformed that demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods, and the numerical results are in good agreement with those in previous work on the topics.


This article examines the effects on consumers' attitudes of the concurrent exposure of competitive brands sponsoring different properties during an event (i.e., sponsoring an event versus the athletes participating in this event), thus creating a competitive sponsorship clutter . In contrast with previous research having examined interference effects in advertising, the results of this research reveal that in a sponsorship setting, clutter effects on consumer responses depend on perceived sponsor-sponsee congruence, and do not result from higher information processing. More precisely, it was found that whereas the evaluation of a congruent sponsoring brand is negatively affected by clutter, the impact of clutter on attitude toward an incongruent sponsor is positive. In addition, articulating the sponsorship was shown to decrease the negative effects of clutter. Implications for research and practice are derived from these findings. ( M 4.83 M Competitors 4.66, Δ .17, t = .99, 66 df , p > .05) and incongruent conditions ( M Sponsor 3.49 Competitors .18, t 1.15, 66 df , p > .05). These results indicate that event sponsors' congruence was successfully manipulated.


This paper introduces a new type of steel plate damper, and compares the experimental result and the simulation result of the steel plate damper, and shows that the hysteretic curves are basically same, very full energy stability, superior performance of energy consumption. On this basis, the low-cycle fatigue properties of the damper are studied to lay a foundation for use.


SUMMARY
Observations on the phytotoxic eifects of the fungicides quinometh–lonate, dinocap and lime sulphur on the foliage, yield, and extension growth ot five cultivars of black currants are described.

Quinomethionate was very severely phytotoxic to cvs. Seabrook's Black and Laxton's Giant, while other cultivars were affected slightly or not at all. Lime sulphur adversely affected all cultivars to some extent but dinocap was almost non-phytotoxic.

The effects of the fungicides on the incidence of leaf spot (Pseudo-peziza ribis) are also recorded.


Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are attractive targets for immunotherapeutic strategies since they are aberrantly expressed in malignant cells and not, or in limited number, in somatic tissues, except germ cells. To identify novel CT genes in multiple myeloma, we used Affymetrix HG-U133 gene expression profiles of 5 testis, 64 primary myeloma cell (MMC) and 24 normal tissue (NT) samples. A 5-filter method was developed to keep known CT genes while deleting non-CT genes. Starting from 44928 probe sets, including probe sets for 18 previously-described CT genes, we have obtained 82 genes expressed in MMC and testis and not detected in more than 6 NT. This list includes 14 of the 18 known CT genes and 68 novel putative CT genes. Real-time RT-PCR was performed for 34 genes in 12 NT, 5 MMC samples and one sample of 5 pooled testes. It has validated the CT status of 23/34 genes (67 ). We found one novel % " testis-restricted gene (expression in testis and tumor only) , 8 tissue-restricted (mRNA detected in 1 or 2 non-gametogenic " – TEX14 – " " tissues), and 7 differentially expressed (mRNA detected in three to six non-gametogenic tissues) CT genes. Further studies are " " warranted to determine the immunogenicity of these novel CT antigen candidates.


FAMILY, SCHOOL AND NEIGHBOURHOOD INFLUENCES ON THE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF YOUTH: GUZELYAKA CASE STUDY Kaya, Gokhan MSc., Department of Sociology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Sencer Ayata December 2008, 97 pages The aim of the master thesis is to understand how neighborhood, family and school influence on the educational attainment of young people. Within the scope of this work, I conducted thirty two in-depth interviews with youth living in the Guzelyaka gecekondu (squatter) neighborhood in Ankara. Gecekondu neighborhoods are residential areas where rural migrants might initially or permanently move when they come to the city in order to improve their life standards. However, many of them have to survive here against conditions such as poverty and the insufficiency of social services during the early years of their migration. Nevertheless, families can develop survival strategies based on self-help networks like kinship and hemsehri (people with same geographic origins) connections. Throughout this master thesis, I discuss how young people's interactions within the disadvantaged neighborhoods, school climate around the neighborhood, family background, conditions at home and parental involvement influence the educational attainment of youth The research revealed that despite the specific conditions of gecekondu neighborhoods and heterogeneity amongst working class families, there is little variation in educational attainment of the youth. The main reason for this low level of educational attainment is the poverty they experienced or are still experiencing at home. While such poverty may compel them to take up positions in the labor market participation early in life, the influence of peer groups also discourages school attendance, as the environment is one in which schools provide neither a good quality education, nor a competitive educational environment. Furthermore, poverty, the disadvantaged nature of the neighborhood and the strength of the family network among the residents all serve to reproduce the inferior value of


EU Legal Studies are having a tough time. They traditionally found themselves in a role of support and consolidation of the integration process. They had the task of shaping a program for Europe and of establishing a stable and resistant barrier against the risk of political disintegration. Accordingly, the European Union and its law form a "structured, organized and finalized whole." This conception is no longer tenable. It has exhausted its legal, political and social impetus. The Union has not lost its law but it seems to have lost law as a vector of dynamism and cohesion. We are witnessing a "critical turn" in contemporary EU Legal Studies. This should result in a worrying question for European jurists today about the form that can be given to a collective experience such as European integration.


The paper discusses the forming reasons of magnesia which is the main non metallic inclusions in rare earth magnesium ferrosilicon alloy and harmful.The methods of reducing magnesia in the alloy have been proposed.


In the year 2009, most of the faculties of medicine in Spain began to implement their new curricula, after adapting them to what has been called the European Higher Education Area or Bologna Process, although some faculties took a year or two more to complete the change. Six years later, the first students pursuing their studies under these new curricula have graduated from most of our faculties and the rest will do so within the next two years. Likewise, this year sees the beginning of the process of renewing the accredita-tion of most of our centres by the National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation (ANECA) and by the autonomic quality assurance agencies. Hence, this seems a good time to review what has happened and to ponder on it a little. In this editorial , I would like to pose some questions that may be of assistance in these considerations. One of the key aspects of the Bologna process is competency-based training. And at this point we can put forward a series of questions to be considered: Have the final competencies that a graduate in medicine must acquire in six years' training been defined properly? Are these competencies well suited to those that they will later have to learn and develop during their specialist training? Has undergraduate instruction been adapted appropriately to match the new structure of the specialist training to come? Our graduates undergoing training will practise the profession in the first third of the 21st century, within a highly changeable social context that is very different to that of the previous century. Medicine has changed in terms of its purposes (curing/ preventing); demography has not followed the predicted patterns; we are constantly witness to epidemiological changes with the appearance, reappearance or disappearance of diseases; healthcare institutions need organising in new ways; technology Bolonia en las facultades de medicina españolas, seis años después: algunas preguntas para la reflexión Bologna in Spanish faculties of medicine, six years on: some food for thought


In this article a comparative law approach is made - in Colombia, Spain and the Andean Community and European systems-to the popularization of the brand and its expiration as market stabilizing effect. So, a path of study is proposed, one that approaches from the loss of distinctiveness to the demands of a global market, which requires effective targeting of policies to protect and promote the distinctive signs, in order to ensure free access to the competition focusing on the role of consumers .


The paper presents a method for joint channel and data estimation for transmission over frequency-selective and time-variant channels. Hereby, fast time-variant channels can be tracked, which is important for mobile communications at very high velocities. We approach the problem by estimating the scattering function, which is assumed to be limited in delay and Doppler frequency. At the transmitter, a short training sequence is inserted at the beginning of the data block. This sequence is used for initializing a Kalman filter, which carries out the joint channel and data estimation adaptively. After the training sequence, hypothetical data symbols are considered to extend the persecuted paths in the data tree.


The method of forming a hard coat layer on the substrate is disclosed. Method of forming a hard coat layer according to the present invention, in the gas atmosphere of inert gas and reactive gas are mixed in a vacuum chamber, in the method using the arc source evaporation to form a hard coating layer on a substrate by a TiAl alloy, on the substrate forming an adhesive layer made of a metal component, characterized in that, but by injecting nitrogen gas into the vacuum chamber to form a TiAlN coating layer, by controlling the flow rate of nitrogen to be injected in two steps formed at a higher than the second layer being a layer flow It shall be.


This work aims the analysis of some of Dionne Brand's poems. Caribbean and an immigrant in Canada, Brand discusses social polemics issues, such as racism, sexuality, feminism, and marginalization. Thus, we selected some texts to analyze its content and verify if these problems are reflected in her speech as a writer. Considering that Brand is black, immigrant and woman, her poetry reflects a hyphenated position, it express in its content relation to Caribbean, in her style and language that evolves the 'demotic' used as resistance ways for many oppressions that Caribbean immigrants still suffer in Canada, country which has adopted the multiculturalism politics.


The aim of this thesis is an attempt to shed some light, using arab references, on the political role that the jews had played under the arab domination in north africa. It contains a historical overview with a particular reference to their settlement in the maghreb. The resistance to the arab invaders anbd the role of the jews in the conquest of spain is the next step of the thesis. Then comes the part in their resistance against (religions) fanaticism that marked the beginning of idrissid and chiite dynasties, together with their diplomatic role within the maghrebin states. Finally, the last chapter deals with the most delicate period in jewish history, which consists of tha almohad rule.


Wind turbines face harsh inflow conditions when operating in the atmospheric boundary layer or in the wake of other wind turbines. The incoming velocity field can change within seconds due to the turbulent structures it contains, resulting in a rapid change of several degrees in the angle of attack for the rotating blade. Aerodynamics are hence rapidly altered, leading to changes of the occurring forces on the rotor. Such dynamic forces cause the blades to twist and bend, accelerating fatigue and reducing the lifetime of a turbine Spinato et al. (2009).


University students' P. E interest, P. E behavior, attitude of P. E class present situation, degree of satisfaction to P. E offered and teachers' work are studied by questionnaire. Based on it, the authors analysed present P.E teaching form and P. E guiding ideology of universities in our country, and put for- ward a new teaching form of"construct university P.E based on students".


Eye development is regulated by multiple agents including hormones and growth factors. Thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, or T3, and the prohormone thyroxine, or T4) plays a crucial role in the development of the central nervous system. Here we have examined the effects of low T3/T4 levels (hypothyroid status) on the developing rat retina during the perinatal stage. Eyes from control (CG) and T3/T4-deficient (HG) fetuses (E19 and E21) and newborn (P0, P3, P5 and P7) rats were obtained by administering a chemical antithyroid solution (0.02% methyl-mercaptoimidazole +1% ClOK4) in the tap water to the dams and their offspring, from E9 and throughout gestation until they were killed. Perinatal eyes were processed for light and electron transmission microscopy and subjected to morphological and morphometric analyses. Low T3/T4 levels led to decreased retinal growth during the perinatal stage. In addition, the retinas from the HG presented fewer neuroblasts than those of their euthyroid counterparts (at E21: 705 ± 83 cells per constant area of 4 × 104 µm2 vs. 440 ± 60 cells per constant area of 4 × 104 µm2; p = 0.010). During development the index of mitosis in the retina peaked at E21, falling at the end of the 1st postnatal week. Significantly lower values were observed in the HG (at P5: 0.803 ± 0.374 mitoses/cells % vs. 0.349 ± 0.180 mitoses/cells %; p = 0.004). Furthermore, we have found that low T3/T4 levels delayed and/or altered a series of developmental processes occurring in the retina during the perinatal stage such as layering and differentiation of several cell types. Our results demonstrate that thyroid hormone regulates rat neuroretinogenesis.


Tourism acting an essential role in promoting goodwill among the people and thereby fostering socio-economic enlargement of the country. Tourism industry helps to make vast foreign exchange reserves and make direct and indirect employment opportunities to a very large part of the society. Besides, encourage handicrafts and fine arts of a nation, it helps in preserving the nature's loveliness, cultural heritage of the land, tradition of soil and strengthens the procedure of nationwide addition and universal brotherhood. a specific study that carried out to identify tourism marketing and its development in Tiruchirappalli district in Tamilnadu state. A total of 250 customers were participated in this study from various tourist spots. Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS. The main objective of this study is to estimate the tourism and its impact on tourist development.


This paper firstly puts forward some obvious disadvantages of traditional oil painting curriculum management in the course of selecting oil painting for several decades. After detailing and comparing the types of data mining technology, this paper puts forward two proven advantages of applying data mining technology in oil painting course management, one is to customize the course according to the students' own characteristics, the other is to promote the overall development of students' artistic literacy.


The management of rivers and their catchments around the world are significantly affected by the claims of indigenous people. In the arid west of the United States, local indigenous tribes have or are in the process of obtaining water rights to major portions of the Colorado and Columbia rivers. Likewise, in Australia indigenous claims on the Murray-Darling Basin threaten the current water allocations and add another layer of complexity to the management issues. The recently signed Waikato River Settlement in New Zealand does not address ownership of water but requires co-management between local tribes and the government to address the health and well-being of the river. These claims and settlements affect the management of rivers in several ways. One important aspect is the change in governance powers and functions. Another important aspect is the inclusion of cultural values in managing natural resources. This paper will focus on how cultural values may be accommodated in natural resource management from an economics perspective.


The article defines the public sector, contending that concepts, techniques and models applicable here are also applicable in the private sector. Operational auditing and internal control within a dual accounting system are advocated. The article ends with a brief account of public sector accounting in Singapore.


DC generator as well as DC motor has the same structure but the former generates power by driving and rotating prime mover.Thus,it is a sort of equipment that can change mechanical energy into power.Through the discussion of DC generator,the paper elaborates the working principle,the structure,the circuit,the magnetic circuit,the operation principle, the armature reaction and the commutation of DC generator principle and points out that the main deficiency of it is the current commutation,meanwhile,analyzes elements that affect the problem.


ABSTRACT In this paper, an ultra-wideband (UWB) dipole antenna with integrated Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service and long-term evolution 2.5 GHz band has been presented. The design process involves loading L-shaped and meandered line slots on UWB dipole antenna for achieving triple-band characteristics. The proposed antenna offers a small electrical size of 0.18λo * 0.23λo * 0.01λo with impedance bandwidths (|S11| < −10dB) of 11%, 6.5% and 127.7% centred at 2 GHz, 2.6 GHz and 10.8 GHz, respectively. The designed antenna shows good radiation characteristics with appreciable gain and omnidirectional radiation patterns over the operating bandwidth with satisfactory time domain performance. A prototype has been fabricated and tested in order to validate the simulation results.


Background: Post-operative outcomes of a major abdominal surgery depend on careful & effective post-operative management. But it is a critical job especially in children. Obtaining adequate analgesia after major surgery is a problematic issue and postoperative pain still imposes a major burden of suffering in surgical patients.Objectives: The principle objectives of the study is to evaluate the effects of intravenous lidocaine infusion in pain management of pediatric population undergone in major abdominal surgery; to reduce post-operative morbidity & enhance better surgical outcome in children.Methodology: This is a randomized control trial carried out from January 2015-June2015,in a tertiary care hospital among 60 cases of 4 to 14 years children with major abdominal surgery without having any pulmonary, cardiac, hepatic or renal insufficiency. Grouping of patients that is lidocaine infusion group (Group A) and control group (Group B) was made among admitted cases for elective abdominal surgery by simple random technique by means of lottery. For assessment of postoperative pain FLACC Scale was used in both groups. Clinical examination findings & specifically designed data collection sheet with a set questionnaire were used as research instruments. Formulated data was analyzed by SPSS version 17, taking p value <0.05 as significant.Results: It is noted that, after 24 hours of operation most of the patients 56.7% of group A had mild pain whereas 90% patients of group B had moderate pain (p<0.001)& during that time there was no patient with severe pain in group A whereas in group B 10% patients were with severe pain. At 48 hours, pain was absent in 13.3% children of group A and 6.7% in group B. In group A most of the children 76.7%had mild pain compared to moderate pain 18 (60%) in group B children at that hours (P<0.001). Again, regarding required amount of analgesics, patients received I/V lidocaine required less amount of analgesics than its counterpart. In present study, complications was noted only 3.3% patien in group A, where as in the opposite group it was found in 23.3% & p was <0.05. In group A, in 50% patients post operative bowel sound was returned within 72 hours, compared to 73.3% patients in group B. The p value was 0.001. About post-operative hospital stay, 83.3% children of the group A were released from hospital after 5th P.O.D whereas, in group B, only 50% children were released after 7th P.O.D of operation. The P value was 0.03 that is also significant.Conclusion: Intravenous lidocaine could improve immediate and late post-operative pain with early recovery after major abdominal surgery in children & it can contribute to rapid postoperative rehabilitation programs.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2018, Vol.10(1); 23-27


In Crisis Counseling and Therapy, Jackson Rainer and Frieda Brown conceptualize a new model of crisis intervention in which they skillfully integrate four theoretical approaches – family systems, narrative, cognitive-behavioral, and experiential/existential – to form the novel "Systemic Crisis Intervention Model." The purpose of this model is to move clients through the processes of restoring their equilibriums or functioning that were shaken from crises, while incorporating a systems approach to work with the social and environmental supports available to the client. Using a time-limited approach, this therapeutic model is designed to last approximately ten to twelve sessions. However, the authors stress that there should be flexibility regarding session length and frequency based on how much disequilibrium is evident for each client. The framework of the model includes three phases through which clients progress in a stepwise manner: remembering, reorganizing, and restoring.


Because the nests of ground-nesting birds are often hard to find, dummy nests were used in many early studies of egg predation (e.g. Balser et al. 1968, Cheshess et al. 1968ß Henry 1969, Jones and Hungerford 1972). Predation on dummy nests is different from natural waterfowl nests (Dwernychuk and Boag 1972), and dummy nests often are used without verifying that the results are similar for natural nests (e.g. GiSransson and Loman 1982, Andr6n et al. 1985ß Angelstam 1986, MUller 1986, Sugden and Beyersbergen 1986). Storaas (1988) showed that predation on dummy nests differed from that on real nests of Common


The effect of the improvement of commercial activated carbon(AC) on its specific capacitance and high rate capability of double layer(dl) charging/discharging process has been studied. The improvement of AC was carried out via a secondary activation under steam in the presence of catalyst NiCl2, and the suitable condition was found to be a heat treatment at about 875 ℃ for 1 h. Under those conditions, the discharge specific capacitance of the improved AC increases up to 53. 67 F/g, showing an increase of about 25% as compared with that of as-received AC. The good rectangular-shaped voltammograms and A.C. impedance spectra prove that the high rate capability of the capacitor made of the improved AC is enhanced significantly. The capacitance resistance (RC) time constant of the capacitor containing the improved AC is 1.74 s, which is much lower than that of the one containing as-received AC(an RC value of 4. 73 s). It is noted that both kinds of AC samples show a similar specific surface area and pore size distribution, but some changes have taken place in the carbon surface groups, especially a decrease in the concentration of surface carbonyl groups after the improvement, which have been verified by means of X-photoelectron spectroscopy. Accordingly, it is suggested that the decrease in the concentration of surface carbonyl groups for the improved AC is beneficial to the organic electrolyte ion penetrating into the pores, thus leading to the increase in both the specific capacitance and high rate capability of the supercapacitor.


The review of L. M. Dameshek and I. N. Mamkina's monograph "Siberia in the system of the imperial legislation 18th – the beginnings of the 20th century: law and practice". Scientific results of a research by authors of such problems as are investigated: all-imperial and regional legislation of the Russian Empire; legal fixing and features of implementation of the legislation of Siberia of the imperial period; legal regulation of public service in Siberia. It is shown that authors worked deeply out a conceptual framework of a research, the specifics of position of Siberia as a part of the empire in comparison with other outskirts are defined, questions of features of public service in Siberia and in the Far East are in detail taken up. The value of the monograph in studying historical and legal problems of the Russian Empire and Siberia in a modern historiography is noted.


The preparation and evaluation of optically active compounds have become very important for the development of new drugs. The determination of chiral purity of drugs is essential in order to guarantee safety and effectiveness. Isomeric impurities may have unwanted toxicological, pharmacological, or other side-effects. Therefore we decided to prepare an article entitled "Chiral purity in drug analysis". This article is divided into five sections (introduction, production, regulation, evaluation methods and conclusion). In the introduction, the importance of assessing the isomeric impurities in drug analysis will be discussed. In the second section, production methods for optically active compounds, except the stereoselective synthesis method, will be summarized briefly. In particular, new trends in the production of chiral drugs, such as the simulated moving beds (SMB) method, will be described. In the third section, regulatory perspectives in the USA (Food and Drug Administration (FDA)), EC, and Japan will be described and some regulatory guidelines and guidances by, for example, the FDA, the Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products (CVMP), and the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) will be mentioned. In the fourth section, methods for the determination of stereoisomeric drugs will be summarized. Methods such as gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE) have been summarized. The focus will be on direct evaluation methods, i.e. those using chiral stationary phases (CSPs). Practical details for testing a drug's optical purity are also given.


The seed discharging mechanism for seeding-tray precision seeding device with Brush Wheel is designed,composed with seed pitching apparatus and drive gearing . The seed locked in the type hole is discharged reliably by the seed discharging mechanism with simple frame drived by the power of bowl-making machine. The flex mechanism with lesser space is applied in the seed pitching apparatus and the parts of the seeding-tray precision seeding device with brush wheels is changed on the small side and can work in line.


A complement fixation test with rabbit antisera was used to differentiate 82 cultures of Mycoplasma from man, mammalian cell cultures, laboratory rats and mice, cattle, goats, poultry, embryonated eggs and sewage. Seventeen serotypes were distinguished, 5 from man, 1 from mammalian cell cultures, 4 from rats and mice, 4 from cattle and goats, 2 from poultry and one saprophytic. Most of these corresponded to recognized species of Mycoplasma, but 1 of human origin (represented by 1 strain, Navel), and 1 from tissue cultures (5 strains), may represent new species. R38, one of the serotypes from rats, could be distinguished from the species M. arthritidis, but is probably an antigenic variant rather than a distinct species. Two species hitherto recognized as distinct, M. arthritidis and M. hominis type 2, could not be distinguished and appear to constitute a single species. These findings illustrate the necessity, from the viewpoint of taxonomy, of comparing mycoplasma strains by serological methods. The serotypes of human and animal origin were largely host-specific. Exceptions were the inclusion of M. arthritidis from rats and M. hominis type 2 from man in a single serotype, the finding of a bovine organism among the strains isolated from goats and of a saprophytic strain in a rat. In relation to the aetiology of disease in man and animals, the isolation of an endogenous Mycoplasma from embryonated eggs used to passage infective material illustrates the importance of identifying these organisms serologically. The demonstration of mixed mycoplasma infections in lesions in two rats shows the necessity of adequately purifying all cultures of Mycoplasma before examination. I would like to thank those workers mentioned in Table 1 who kindly provided the cultures which they isolated. In addition I wish to thank the following who sent cultures: Prof. A. C. Ruys and Dr D. Herderscheê (Amsterdam) for G2, Prof. H. E. Morton (Philadelphia) for Campo and 07, Dr D. G. ff. Edward (Beckenham) for Campo (PG27), M. bovigenitalium (PG11), M. iners, and M. gallinarum, Dr R. G. Wittler for H606 and Miss A. G. Newnham for A36, TU, PSU4 and TC727. My thanks are also due to Dr L. H. Collier of this Institute, Dr G. W. Csonka (London), Prof. A. E. Macdonald (Aberdeen), Dr J. Payne (Edmonton, Alberta), Mr A. A. Tuffrey (Carshalton) and Dr D. Weisinger (Basle) who provided material from which PPLO were isolated. I gratefully acknowledge all the information so generously supplied by these workers about the strains or material provided. I am indebted to Miss A. G. Newnham for carrying out an agglutination test on the avian strains. Part of this work was carried out by the author under the author aegis of the Medical Research Council Working Party on Non-Specific Urethritis with the aid of a grant from the U.S. Public Health Service.


Covering materials of greenhouses in use today in Europe are classified and analysed with respect to their use. Glass still appears to be one of the most widely used materials in Northern Europe. However, the development of new plastic materials has led to a significant increase in the overall share of plastic covered greenhouses in Europe and their complete domination in Southern Europe. The mechanical properties of greenhouse coverings are very important in relation to their mechanical behaviour under various loading conditions and to the overall structural behaviour of the greenhouse. The ultimate design of a greenhouse has to represent a balance between the overall structural design, the mechanical and physical properties of the cladding materials and the specific agronomic requirements of the crop. Installation of the covering materials to the greenhouse structure plays an important role in the overall mechanical performance of the covering. Another important factor affecting the mechanical behaviour of the covering materials of greenhouses is the environment. In general, the mechanical properties of the covering materials of greenhouses (combined with the physical properties) are found to be critical in determining the relevant requirements concerning the structural design and construction details of a greenhouse.


The effect experiment of four cultivation elements(nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and plantpo pulation) on root yield and sugar yield of sugarbeet by the optimum compound design(416-B) was conductedto establish two regression equations on root yield and sugar yield of sugarbeet.Through simulation by these equations,the decision-making project producing 4591.92 kg of root yield and 828.30 kg of sugar yield per 666.7 centiare when the plant population is under condition of 5600 plants,pure nitrogen 14.90kg,P2O5 14.54kg and K2O 15.09kg per 666.7 centiare.


In a patient with alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis, a large chronic left-sided pleural effusion persisted after partial pancreatectomy (resection of the pancreatic tail). ERCP outlined a transdiaphragmatic fistula between the duct of the remaining pancreas and the pleural cavity. The effusion was removed by ultrasound-assisted thoracocentesis, and the fistulous canal was obliterated permanently.


It seems likely that the need for protection against private claims for damages will cause more corporations to notify the Commission of their agreements and practices so as to obtain exemptions or, if appropriate, negative clearances. Whether this will cause a net increase in the Commission's workload is not clear, since there will be a concomitant decrease in the number of cases dealt with by the Commission. The Commission could try to solve any problem of increasing workload by proposing a directive to harmonize national laws and procedures in a way which would encourage plaintiffs to bring claims in national courts rather than to the Commission, and by adopting or proposing a directive to harmonize national laws and procedures in a way which would encourage plaintiffs to bring claims in national courts rather than to the Commission, and by adopting or proposing the adoption of group exemptions under article 85(3) for less restrictive agreements. EEC COMPETITION ACTIONS IN MEMBER STATES' COURTS-CLAIMS FOR DAMAGES, DECLARATIONS AND INJUNCTIONS FOR BREACH OF COMMUNITY ANTITRUST LAW


— Deep learning based parallel imaging (PI) has made great progresses in recent years to accelerate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Nevertheless, the performances and robustness of existing methods can still be improved. In this work, we propose to explore the k-space domain learning via robust generative modeling for flexible PI reconstruction, coined weight-k-space generative model (WKGM). Specifically, WKGM is a generalized k-space domain model, where the k-space weighting technology and high-dimensional space augmentation design are efficiently incorporated for score-based generative model training, resulting in good and robust reconstructions. In addition, WKGM is flexible and thus can be synergistically combined with various traditional k-space PI models, generating learn-ing-based priors to produce high-fidelity reconstructions. Experimental results on datasets with varying sampling patterns and acceleration factors demonstrate that WKGM can attain state-of-the-art reconstruction results with the well-learned k-space generative prior.


Temperature and illumination performance of unsymmetrical multi-span greenhouse and sunlight greenhouse in winter were analyzed.The results showed that average air temperature,maximum temperature and minimum temperature were 7.2,2.1 and 8.5℃ higher in unsymmetrical multi-span greenhouse than those of sunlight greenhouse separately.Average soil temperature,maximum temperature and minimum temperature in 10 cm were 4.7,5.5 and 6.7℃ higher in unsymmetrical multi-span greenhouse than those of sunlight greenhouse separately.However,illumination in unsymmetrical multi-span greenhouse was higher than that in sunlight greenhouse.


The aim of this paper is to generalize the well-known asymptotic shape result for first-passage percolation on $\Zd$ to first-passage percolation on a random environment given by the infinite cluster of a supercritical Bernoulli percolation model. We prove the convergence of the renormalized set of wet points to a deterministic shape that does not depend on the random environment. As a special case of the previous result, we obtain an asymptotic shape theorem for the chemical distance in supercritical Bernoulli percolation. We also prove a flat edge result. Some various examples are also given.


In Almost Free Modules, Set-theoretic Methods, Eklof and Mekler [5, p. 455, Problem 12] raised the question about the existence of dual abelian groups G which are not isomorphic to Z ⊕G. Recall that G is a dual group if G ∼= D for some group D with D = Hom (D, Z). The existence of such groups is not obvious because dual groups are subgroups of cartesian products Z and therefore have very many homomorphisms into Z. If π is such a homomorphism arising from a projection of the cartesian product, then D ∼= ker π ⊕ Z. In all 'classical cases' of groups D of infinite rank it turns out that D ∼= ker π. Is this always the case? Also note that reflexive groups G in the sense of H. Bass are dual groups because by definition the evaluation map σ : G −→ G is an isomorphism, hence G is the dual of G. Assuming the diamond axiom for א1 (♦א1) we will construct a reflexive torsion-free abelian group of cardinality א1 which is not isomorphic to Z ⊕ G. The result is formulated for modules over countable principal ideal domains which are not field.


The first law of thermodynamics, which governs energy conservation, is traditionally formulated as an equality. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that the first law alone implies a universal Landauer-like inequality linking changes in system entropy and energy. However, contrasting with the Landauer principle derived from the second law of thermodynamics, our obtained Landauer-like inequality solely relies on system information and is applicable in scenarios where implementing the Landauer principle becomes challenging. Furthermore, the Landauer-like inequality can complement the Landauer principle by establishing a dual {\it upper} bound on heat dissipation. We illustrate the practical utility of the Landauer-like inequality in dissipative quantum state preparation and quantum information erasure applications. Our findings offer new insights into identifying thermodynamic constraints relevant to the fields of quantum thermodynamics and the energetics of quantum information processing and more specifically, this approach could facilitate investigations into systems coupled to non-thermal baths or scenarios where access to bath information is limited.


This paper presents the design of a robust model predictive controller for grid voltage control of an islanded microgrid. Several distributed generation units are connected in parallel for making a microgrid. The uncertain and unknown nature of the load produces un-modeled dynamics. This un-modeled dynamic introduces the measurable effect of the performance of the microgrid. The objective of the design of the controller is to control the grid voltage against different type loads. The design of this controller is done by using the discrete valued function that provides the extensive tracking performance of microgrid. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is validated by using MATLAB/Simulink SimPowerSystems. The simulation results show that the proposed controller provides the high tracking performance for voltage control of the microgrid system.


We report an optical wall shear stress sensor based on the whispering gallery mode (WGM) shifts of dielectric micro-resonators. The optical resonators are spheres with a typical diameter of several hundred microns and they serve as the sensing element. The wall shear force acting on a movable plate is transmitted mechanically to the microsphere. As a result of the applied force, the shape of the resonator is perturbed leading to a shift of the optical resonance (WGM). The one-dimensional wall shear stress is measured by monitoring these WGM shifts. Shape perturbations of the order of a nanometer can be detected with this optical method. The measurement resolution and range can be optimized by using dielectric sphere materials of different stiffness covering a wide range of flows. Prototype sensors using PDMS spheres have been built and validated in a laminar Poiseuille flow and in a plane wave acoustic tube.


BackgroundThe optimal site for monitoring neuromuscular blockade for Intubations facilitated with mivacurium chloride has not been established. The primary purpose of this evaluation was to determine the difference in onset of neuromuscular blockade between the orbicularis oculi and adductor pollicis in patients administered mivacurium chloride. We also evaluated Intubatlng conditions when intubation was timed to maximal neuromuscular blockade at either the orbicularis oculi or the adductor pollicis. The results for patients administered mivacurium chloride were compared with those for a control group administered succinylcholine. MethodsIn a double-blind randomized design, the time to loss of the compound muscle action potential at the orbicularis oculi and adductor pollicis was monitored in 20 patients administered mivacurium chloride and ten patients administered succinylcholine. After administration of mivacurium chloride (0.15 mg·kg-1), ten patients underwent tracheal intubation at maximal depression of the orbicularis oculi (group 2) and ten patients at maximal depression of the adductor pollicis (group 3). In an additional ten patients the trachea was intubated 60 s after administration of succinylcholine (1 mg·kg-1) (group 1, control). Intubation and evaluation of conditions was performed by one Investigator blinded to patient treatments. ResultsLoss of compound muscle action potential at the orbicularis oculi and adductor pollicis was more rapid in group 1, and Intubation was completed at 86 ± 26 s. In the patients administered mivacurium chloride, the orbicularis oculi compound muscle action potential was lost 3 min earlier than the adductor pollicis compound muscle action potential. Subsequently, Intubation was completed at 134 ± 50 s in the orbicularis oculi group, whereas the time to intubation was 321 ± 57 s in the adductor pollicis group. There was no significant differences in intubation conditions between the mivacurium chloride groups. ConclusionsWhen monitoring 95% twitch height depression of the orbicularis oculi muscle, intubation can be accomplished in approximately 2 min after administration of mivacurium chloride (0.15 mg·kg-1). Because Intubating conditions were comparable to the patients administered succinylcholine or intubated during monitoring of the twitch height depression of the adductor pollicis, we believe that optimal site for monitoring during intubation using mivacurium chloride is the orbicularis oculi muscle.


Self-test of the frequency modulated continuous wave FMCW radar apparatus is provided. Transmission signal and a self-test signal is superimposed on the object detection signal and said object detection signal is transmitted. Self-test signal represents at least one virtual target. The received signal is received. Received signal is a received version of the transmitted signal. The presence of at least one virtual target in the received signal is determined. The lack of the presence of the virtual target in the received signal gives an indication of a hardware failure of the FMCW radar apparatus. .FIELD 1


1. A method for isolation of the product, including: providing a loading fluid comprising a product and one or more impurities; ! contacting the fluid loading with a medium, wherein the medium is capable to bind the product under conditions suitable for binding the product, to give a bound medium; ! contacting the bound medium with one or more wash solution is passed through a connected environment, wherein at least one wash solution comprises arginine, and wherein the concentration of arginine is not 1 M, to obtain a washed medium; ! contacting the washed medium with an elution solution under conditions suitable for the elution of the product, and the! collecting an eluate comprising the product. ! 2. The method of product isolation, comprising: providing a loading fluid comprising a product and one or more impurities;! ! contacting the fluid loading with a medium, wherein the medium has the ability to bind the product under conditions suitable for binding the product, to give a bound medium; ! Contacting the bound medium with one or more wash solution is passed through a connected environment, wherein at least one wash solution comprises arginine, wherein the concentration of arginine is about 0.1 M to about 0.9 M, to obtain a washed medium; ! contacting the washed medium with an elution solution under conditions suitable for the elution of the product, and the! collecting an eluate comprising the product. ! 3. A method for isolating a product, comprising: providing a loading fluid comprising a product and one or more impurities; ! con implementation


Salvajina Dam was constructed between July, 1982 and November, 1984. Relevant construction aspects are described, particularly those related with procedures and statistical data of the construction of the concrete face, grouting operations and some problems experienced during construction in relation with erosion and high moisture content of the face - supporting zone, placing of the drain zone and high fine content of the rockfill zone of the dam. Salvajina dam was extensively instrumented to keep watch on the performance of the concrete slab, the embankment and its foundation.


The paper investigates the accuracy and numerical stability of a class of wavelet Galerkin formulations on irregular domains. The method of numerical boundary measures is based upon a domain embedding strategy in which the irregular domain of interest is embedded in a larger domain having regular geometry. One advantage of the domain embedding method is that the boundary conditions on the larger, regular domain can be enforced in a straightforward manner, and the solution procedure can exploit the highly structured form of the resulting governing equations. The defining characteristic of this method is that the calculation of integrals along the irregular boundary are carried out using recently derived numerical boundary measures. In addition, the coercive bilinear forms characterizing the boundary value problem of interest must be calculated when restricted to the actual domain. In the case of wavelet Galerkin formulations, this calculation is accomplished with the three term connection coefficients that characterize the numerical boundary measure. The numerical stability and accuracy of the domain embedding procedure is compared to a newly developed wavelet-based finite element formulation.


Transmission-line modeling (TLM) has been applied extensively to simulate microwave circuits and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems. The introduction of special nodes has allowed us to model complex wire structures. However, so far, all of the problems have dealt with the use of models of nodes with wires considered straight wires oriented along one of the principal directions of the x-, y-, and z-axes. The particular structure of the node with the interface wire model permits us to model inclined wires and other more complex wire structures. In this paper, we present novel applications of this model, allowing its generalization to model wires with arbitrary orientations. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 23: 137–141, 1999.


The research presented in this paper investigates how charge transport and trapping in solid polymeric insulation is affected by the oxidation of the polymer. Low density polyethylene (LOPE) samples, both with and without an antioxidant, were studied. Plaques of both LOPE types underwent various heat treatments to promote differing degrees of oxidation. The extent of the oxidation was assessed using Infra-red spectroscopy to determine the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Plaques of the oxidised polymers were then electrically aged at a stress of 60kV.mmfor a period of 6 hours. Measurements of the bulk charge distributions were made throughout this period using a laser induced pressure pulse technique (L1PP).


Studies on the definition of equal access to education and the relationship between social equity and equal access to education indicate the present situation of educational fairness in China and the relevant countermeasures.


Plant propagation through in vitro culture is increasingly being used to produce hybrid orchids. Plant tissue culture provides a good alternative to produce plants in large numbers in a short time. The provision of organic growth supplements in tissue culture media plays an important role as a substitute for growth regulators in stimulating the growth of explants. In this study, young coconut water, banana extract (cv. ambon), and tomato extract were used to stimulate the growth of the Vanda tricolor Lindl. Var suavis protocorm. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications using the Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with the Mann-Whitney test if there was a significant difference between each treatment and its concentration. Parameters observed were the percentage of the number of shoots and the number of leaves. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the treatments given to the number of leaves. Mann-Whitney further test results on the number of leaves showed a significant difference in the banana extract treatment and the control treatment.


Of the methyl-substituted tris(1,10-phenanthroline) iron(II) perchlorates (Fe(X-phen) 3 2+ ), the tetra- and hexamethyl derivatives are quantitatively oxidized by iron(III) in acetonitrile (MeCN) solution, introduced as Fe(dmf) 6 (ClO 4 ) 3 (dmf=N,N-dimethylformamide)


In a multidatabase system (MDBS), some query optimization information related to local database systems may not be available at the global level because of local autonomy. To perform global query optimization, a method is required to derive the necessary local information. This paper presents a new method that employs a query sampling technique to estimate the cost parameters of an autonomous local database system. We introduce a classification for grouping local queries and suggest a cost estimation formula for the queries in each class. We present a procedure to draw a sample of queries from each class and use the observed costs of sample queries to determine the cost parameters by multiple regression. Experimental results indicate that the method is quite promising for estimating the cost of local queries in an MDBS.<<ETX>>


X-ray analyses of two calix[4]pyrogallolarene complexes with DL-proline have shown that they form host–guest-like 1:1 complexes in which the pyrrolidine ring of proline is incorporated into the bow...


To understand the relationship between problematic internet use and academic procrastination, this study constructs a parallel mediation model to examine the impact of university students' problematic internet usage on their academic procrastination and the mediation effect of academic self-efficacy and self-regulated online learning. A total of 498 students in Turkey were surveyed using the Internet Addiction Scale-Short Version, the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale,   the Academic Procrastination Scale, and the Self-Regulated Online Learning Scale. The correlation analysis demonstrated that problematic internet usage was positively correlated with academic procrastination. However, academic self-efficacy and self-regulated online learning were negatively correlated with academic procrastination and problematic internet usage. Further, the parallel mediation analysis showed that internet addiction has a direct predictive effect on students' academic procrastination and an indirect predictive effect via academic self-efficacy and self-regulated online learning. Specifically, academic self-efficacy and self-regulated online learning were found to be partial mediators and play a buffering role between problematic internet use and academic procrastination.


Adsorption of a singleor a double-chained anionic surfactant and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) on alumina from their binary aqueous mixtures has been characterized by measuring adsorbed amount and ESR. Lithium dodecyl sulfate (LiDS) and sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT) are used as a singleand a double-chained surf actants, respectively. Under a constant feed concentration of PVP, the adsorption of PVP increases remarkably and then decreases with LiDS concentration, while the adsorption of PVP also increases sharply at low Aerosol OT concentration and then gradually decreases with Aerosol OT concentration. The magnitude in the enhancement of PVP adsorption is significantly greater for Aerosol OT than for LiDS. Furthermore, the ESR spectra using a spin-labeled polymer suggest that the conformation of PVP adsorbed takes greater portion of train segments by the coadsorption of Aerosol OT than by LiDS when (equilibrium concentration/critical micelle concentration) is below unity. Key-words : Adsorption of polymer, Surfactant structure, Polymer-surfactant complex, Alumina, Spin-labeled polymer