Aim The antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of Niu Huang Qian Jin San was explored.Methods (1)The anti-inflammatory effect of Niu Huang Qian Jin San was tested by using the method of swelling rat toes;(2)The antipyretic effect of Niu Huang Qian Jin San was determined by the method that colitoxin was injected into rabbit's auricular vein.Results (1)Niu Huang Qian Jin San has manifest anti-inflammatary effect.After using the medicinc, there is much more difference of the swelling degree of the rat toes than that of NS(P0.01).(2)Niu Huang Qian Jin San can strengthen the antipyretic effect of aminopyrine CO.There is very remarkable difference of the centigrade temperature rising between the group injected Niu Huang QIan Jin San and the comparison group injected NS.Conclusion Niu Huang Qian Jin San solution has significant antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects.


In southern Ethiopia wide and deep gullies are common features, significantly affecting farmers' livelihoods. Little action is being taken to address the problem despite farmers being knowledgeable about erosion and its control measures. A study was conduced to investigate the nature and rate of gully development in Umbulo catchment, southern Ethiopia, based on interviews with farmers and field measurements. The results indicated a rapid, down slope development of gullies over the last 30 years with average rate of soil loss from 11 to 30 t ha−1 y−1. The critical period of development of the gully system was estimated to be between 1974 and 1985, but since then the gully system has enlarged both in depth and width. Wide channels with deep, nearly vertical walls are typical. The trigger for gully initiation is believed to have been human, but the soil properties may have played an important role. Under the current situation agricultural production is unsustainable unless the gullies are controlled using integrated measures at the catchment scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Palladium and silver nanoclusters doped silica gels and coatings were prepared by the sol-gel process and characterized by conventional transmission electron microscopy, high resolution electron microscopy and x-ray diffractometry. The Pd/Si and Ag/Si atomic ratios were 0.01 and 0.12, respectively. The Pd nanoclusters are very homogeneously distributed in the matrix on a micron scale having a very narrow size distribution with an average value of (4.5+/-0.5) nm. Ag clusters show a relatively broad size distribution. The average diameter distribution obtained from the analysis of several bright field images from a coating heat-treated at 550 degrees C exhibits two clear modes around 3.5 mn and 19 nm, respectively. The concentration of larger clusters is, however, very small in comparison to the smaller ones. Heat treatments were performed on both Pd and Ag samples, in order to have a deeper understanding of the clusters' structural evolution. No noticeable variations in the cluster diameter distribution are observed in the Pd samples after the heat treatment. The formation and growth of the Ag clusters depend significantly on the temperature and heat treatment time.


It is noting that the response variable and the explanatory variables are highly correlated in high dimension data. Hence, the selection of informative variables is important in order to achieve a better model interpretation and concomitantly improve the accuracy of the prediction. In this study, the variable selection in stock market price using statistical approach was carried out. It is pertinent since most of the previous study only concerns on the financial interests of the stock market. Therefore, this study considers the homogeneity structure in the highly correlated data on yearly stock market price by applying ordered homogenous pursuit lasso (OHPL) method. The performance results of OHPL were compared with lasso and elastic net. As a result, OHPL a had higher number of selected variables and a better prediction power than of lasso and elastic net. In conclusion, OHPL shows its capability to enhance variable selection while increasing the prediction power of the selected variables than its counterpart.


Using a well‐tested tight‐binding potential, we have studied all twenty‐four isolated‐pentagon isomers of the C84 fullerene. Unlike C76, the helical D2 isomer of C84 is energetically very unfavorable. Two isomers which have D2 and D2d symmetries are found to be much more stable than the rest. The energies of these two isomers are so close that they may coexist in synthesis.


The failure behavior and the vulnerable position of the bridge are studied by nonlinear response analysis,based on incremental dynamic analysis(IDA).The damage index,applying for long-span continuous rigid frame bridge with high piers,is evaluated.The seismic vulnerability problem of the whole bridge is analyzed by using the strain for damage index of piers and the displacement for damage index of bearings.According to the studies above,the fragility curves are constructed based on integral performance of the bridge.


Impact of Training on Kin Caregivers' Use of Discipline Practices by Bertha Ansley MS, Washington Adventist University, 2011 MS, University of New York at Buffalo, 1999 BS, University of New York at Buffalo, 1978 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University August 2017 Abstract Research has shown that child abuse is a serious public health issue that may warrant child welfare agency intervention and removal of children from their homes. Placement with kin caregivers is considered the least restrictive placement option by social workers. It has been recognized that kin caregivers require some type of formal parental training to prepare them to care for relative children. A large city implemented the Caring for Our Own training program as prelicensing training to prepare relatives for roles as kin caregivers. Prior to this study, no research had assessed whether this training program adequately addressed caregivers' ability to adopt effective discipline practices in response to perceived child misbehavior. The purpose of the study was to examine how the Caring for Our Own prelicense training impacted kin caregivers' use of ineffective discipline practices, as measured by change in scores on the 3 subscales of the Parenting Scale. The theoretical framework for this study was based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior. One-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference in kin caregivers' (n = 27) use of ineffective discipline practices as measured by the 3 subscales of the Parenting Scale over time. In light of this finding, the child welfare agency may create an evidence-based curriculum to assist in the development of competent kin caregivers. Social change to improve training and thus foster more effective responses from kin caregivers may occur within educational departments of child welfare agencies, through assessing and developing prelicensing kin caregiver training that allows for effective child behavior discipline management.Research has shown that child abuse is a serious public health issue that may warrant child welfare agency intervention and removal of children from their homes. Placement with kin caregivers is considered the least restrictive placement option by social workers. It has been recognized that kin caregivers require some type of formal parental training to prepare them to care for relative children. A large city implemented the Caring for Our Own training program as prelicensing training to prepare relatives for roles as kin caregivers. Prior to this study, no research had assessed whether this training program adequately addressed caregivers' ability to adopt effective discipline practices in response to perceived child misbehavior. The purpose of the study was to examine how the Caring for Our Own prelicense training impacted kin caregivers' use of ineffective discipline practices, as measured by change in scores on the 3 subscales of the Parenting Scale. The theoretical framework for this study was based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior. One-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference in kin caregivers' (n = 27) use of ineffective discipline practices as measured by the 3 subscales of the Parenting Scale over time. In light of this finding, the child welfare agency may create an evidence-based curriculum to assist in the development of competent kin caregivers. Social change to improve training and thus foster more effective responses from kin caregivers may occur within educational departments of child welfare agencies, through assessing and developing prelicensing kin caregiver training that allows for effective child behavior discipline management. Impact of Training on Kin Caregivers' Use of Discipline Practices by Bertha Ansley MSN, Washington Adventist University, 2011 MS, University of New York at Buffalo, 1999 BSN, University of New York at Buffalo, 1978 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University August 2017 Dedication For Estelle, beloved mother, who by example encouraged me to love and to pursue lifelong learning. For Jethro, a man I knew as my father. For my three daughters, LaVon, Carla, and Yasmeen. For my grands, sister, brother, and friends. Thank you for your support, and for your words that encouraged, made me laugh, and kept me moving forward. Acknowledgments I must acknowledge my Walden Committee members, Dr. S Barnett, and Dr. S. Harris. Thank you for your mentorship, patience and guidance in steering me to completion of one of my life goals. To all of my Walden University class professors, I have learned from your generous willingness to share your knowledge, and feedback. I am truly grateful for the enlightenment.


This paper investigates factors that drive international capital flows. In particular, we focus on the three points of view on factors that affect gross capital flows: the difference between the periods before and after the outbreak of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), the difference by capital flow type, and the difference between developed and emerging economies. Therefore, the analysis employs the estimation for panel data of three types of gross capital inflows and outflows (direct investment, portfolio investment, and other investment). In addition, we divide the total sample into subsample periods before and after the GFC and subsample countries of developed and emerging economies. The regression result suggests that the capital flow factors have changed since the GFC and particularly external factors, such as global money supply, foreign stock price, and global risk, have become influential. Global risk influenced inflows of portfolio investment to both emerging and developed economies in all sample periods. In emerging economies, capital flow factors tend to be unclear in the period before the GFC, unlike in developed economies. In addition, we find that only relatively strong capital control measures restricted portfolio investment inflows during and after the GFC when capital flows and their volatility were large.


F or many years there has been concern about the lack of ancillary and domiciliary services for frail and elderly patients on discharge from hospital. The lack of these services, taken in conjunction with the absolute and relative ageing of all population groups, is resulting in an ever-increasing 'demand for hospitals to admit and readmit patients who are old, chronic sick, disabled, unemployed, or who have primarily socioeconomic problems. ,.. This exploratory study once again draws anention to the problem, and aims to identify factors that may precipitate early readmission to medical wards.


Heavy minerals have been studied in order to address the problem of provenance and source area for the uppermost Oligocene to Early Miocene Krosno Formation in the Skole Nappe (Poland). The heavy mineral composition of the Krosno Formation in the Skole Nappe points to a metamorphic origin, mainly from pelites affected by amphibolite facies conditions. The Krosno Formation was deposited at least partly as a result of the uplift of the Sanok Island, whose petrography and geological affiliation remain enigmatic. This island was probably built of metamorphic and/or sedimentary rocks belonging to a pre‐Alpine‐uplifted ridge and its cover, exhumed in the transpression belt of the Węglówka Ridge, an interbasinal ridge located between the Skole and Silesian basins. Chemical composition of provenance sensitive minerals from the Krosno Formation suggests that their parent rocks could be genetically related to the Variscan system of ridges in the Carpathian region.


The increased fluxes of precipitating energetic electrons (E > 1 MeV) during highly relativistic electron events (HREs) produce ion concentrations in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere that exceed the background concentrations. Coupled ion-neutral chemistry models predict that this increased ionization should drive HO x reactions and deplete mesospheric ozone by up to roughly 25%. As HREs become more intense and frequent during the declining phase of the solar cycle, it was also predicted that mesospheric ozone would show a solar cycle modulation as a result of these events. To calibrate the effect HREs have on mesospheric ozone, we have studied the May 1992 HRE with several instruments on the UARS. Electron fluxes measured with HEPS give the duration and spatial coverage of the HRE. Ozone data from MLS, CLAES, and HRDI were examined for the chemical signature of the HRE, ozone depletions within the magnetic L-shell limits of 3 < L < 4. Using the multiple viewing angles of HRDI, we can compare mesospheric ozone at similar local solar times before, during, and after the HRE. This removes some of the ambiguity caused by progressive sampling of the diurnal cycle over a yaw cycle of the satellite. Although we analyzed one of the most intense HREs in the UARS database, we did not find HRE-induced changes in the ozone mixing ratio between altitudes of 55-75 km. Detecting a long-term trend in the ozone driven by precipitating electrons appears to require a substantial increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of the satellite measurements.


A simultaneous design method of an online planner of a desired signal and a control system is proposed to consider the interaction between the planner and the control system. The designed planner is sufficiently simple to calculate in real time. The proposed method is applied to posture control of robot manipulators.


Based on the investigation of highway over load situation in Henan Pro vince, a stress circle dia- ram similar to actual vehicle over load is presented. The subsidence, sub-base s tress of pavement are ana- lyzed and compared. The stress increases due to the over load. The results show that pavement design must consider the over load.


Algorithms should be in the Publication form of ALGOL 60 and written in a style patterned after the most recent algorithms appearing in this depart-illent, Although each algorithm has been tested by its contributor , no warranty, express or implied, is made by the contributor, t.he editor, or the Association for Computing Machinery as to the accuracy and functioning of the a l gorithm and related algorithm material and no responsibility is assumed by the contributor, the editor, or the Association for Computing Machinery in connection therewith. The reproduction of algorithms appearing in this department is explicitly permitted without any charge. When reproduction is for publication purposes, reference must be made to the algorithm author and to the Communications issue bearing the algorithm. hegin c o m m e n t This procedure is given a list of pairs of lute-gets, the second being related to the first in some way. It finds those pairs of integers which are related to each other if the relation is transitive, lit is supplied with, couples a matrix whose bound pairlist is [1:2, l:number of identifier linkst where couples [2, i] is related to couples [1, i] in some way. final linkage matrix a matrix whose bound pair list is [l:number of identifiers, l : n u m b e r of identifiers] and into which the procedure puts t r u e if the second subscript expression is an integer which is related to the integer corresponding to the first, subscript expression, if the relation is irreflexive then the diagonal entries of this matrix are false. iteration c o u n t e r a place for the procedure to put the length of the longest chain it. finds. CHAIN trueing can be applied to any system which can be represented by a Turing machine by letting the integers in eouptes correspond to 392 C o m m u n i c a t i o n s o f tile AC~,[ the Turing machine states. Two integers j, k are related if there is an input symbol which causes state j to change to state k. If the Turing machine always stops whatever the sequence of input s3mbols, then its final linkage matrix wilt h~ve false for all leading diagonal entries; integer i, j; Boolean array working linkage matrix [1:number of identi-tiers, 1:number of identifiers]; Boolean procedure PROGRESS; b e g …


The intensive process of creating confined pigs generates large amounts of waste, character‐ ized as polluters of great impact to the environment. According to the Brazilian environ‐ mental legislation, Law No. 9.605/98, the amount of effluent produced by swine requires appropriate destination, and the producer may be held criminally responsible for damage caused to the environment, human health and animals.


Laser pulses with a duration of one femtosecond or shorter can be generated both in the IR-VIS and in the extreme UV, but the deep UV is a spectral region where such extremely short pulses have not yet been demonstrated. Here, a method for the synthesis of ultrashort pulses in the deep UV is demonstrated, which utilizes the temporal and spatial harmonics that are generated by two noncollinear IR-VIS pulses in a thin MgF2 plate. By controlling the groove-envelope phase of the IR-VIS pulses, spatial harmonics are concatenated to form deep UV waveforms with a duration of 1.5 fs.


Late coming is an endemic problem in South African schools and has become increasingly difficult to eradicate. It has been identified as a major factor affecting learner academic performance and pass rate within the broader South African school context. This study examined factors that influence the late coming of both male and female learners in selected schools in the Soshanguve Township with a view to assessing their impact on learner academic performance and emotional stability within the school environment. The study adopted an exploratory descriptive survey design, involving eighty purposively selected learners as participants. Quantitative data was collected through the administration of a survey questionnaire and result analysed using ANOVA and the paired sample t-test. The findings showed that factors such as mode of transportation to school, geographical location of school/homes, learner involvement in household chores, watching television at night, sleeping late and child care responsibilities are predominantly responsible for the late coming. The study further revealed that male learners were more often late for school as compared to female learners. Late coming of female learners hinged to a large degree on domestic factors while the late coming of male learners depended on attitude and peer pressure. The male learners were reluctant to change the habit as it was not perceived to be an emotional disturbance while female learners were amenable to habit change.


A new fuzzy genetic algorithm(FGA) is developed to reduce crosstalk of T-shaped microstrips in high speed circuit systems,which is used to optimize the ground plane with photonic bandgap(PBG) structure.Fuzzy controller of this algorithm is applied to adjust the genetic operators(crossover and mutation) self-adaptively,so convergent character and global optimization are improved.Based on the PML-FDTD method,the fitness value is established by summing up the weighted performance index such as function of crosstalk and return loss.And the crosstalk of T-shaped microstrip line on the PBG structure ground plane can be optimized.Simulation and comparison are developed based on the fitness value with different weight coefficient.Numerical results demonstrate that the crosstalk is decreased by 8 dB,also the return loss and the signal distortion are reduced effectively.


Research about males and females squid Loligo sp. length weight Ratio from Rajawali Fish market Makassar has been conducted on December 2012 – January 2013. The aim of this research was to know the lenght and weight ratio of the squid that commonly comsumed by people in Makassar. The relation between lenght and weight of the squid were also investigated. Sample taken onve every week for 2 weeks. Corelation between squid length and weight determined using regression analysis.Result showed that the size of males and females squid, varied between 20,0 – 35,5 cm. the weight were also varied between 25,5 – 115 gr. Regression analysis showed that correlation between leght and weight of squid tend to be in a positive correlation (0,80 ≤ r ≤ 1,00).


AlN/cordierite glass-ceramic composites were prepared by vacuum hot-pressing process.The relative density,flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites as a function of the content of AlN and sintering temperature were investigated.The mechanical properties and microstructure of the composites were also studied.The results show that the relative density of the samples decreases slowly with the addition of AlN.The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the samples increase with rising firing temperature.However,they increase firstly and then decrease with increasing AlN content.The flexural strength and fracture strength of the composites doped with 40%AlN(volume fraction) reach 212 MPa and 3.04 MPa.m1/2,respectively.XRD analysis indicates that no chemical reaction occurs between the cordierite-based glass matrix and AlN particles,which suggests that the glass matrix have excellent chemical compatibility with AlN particles.The main strengthening mechanism is load transfer.And the main toughening mechanisms are deflexion,divarication and transfixion as well as AlN particles pulling out.


The cave cricket, Hadenoecus subterraneus, is a keystone species in cave ecosystems within Mammoth Cave National Park (MCNP). Within MCNP, many cricket cadavers have been found with a thick, white fungus growing on them; this fungus has previously been identified to be Beauveria bassiana. However, new molecular data suggests that this may actually be the species B. amorpha. Cricket cadavers with Beauveria sp. were collected from MCNP and cultured on potato dextrose agar. Cultures will be sent to the USDA for a genetic analysis and identification of the fungus. The purpose of this study is to examine if the relationship between the cave crickets and the fungus is of parasitic or saprophytic nature. Fifteen crickets will be exposed to a 1 x 106 conidia solution, while the other 15 will be exposed to a Tween-80 solution for the control group. Mortality rates will be observed daily and analyzed.


Abstract Background: Osseous metaplasia of the nonteratomatous ovary is extremely rare. This condition has been reported in association with endometriosis and certain ovarian neoplasms. Case: A 35-...


ABSTRACT A new analysis for plastic stability of axially stiffened shells is presented. It includes incremental analysis of plasticity and the evaluation of the appropriate tangent stiffness. In this approach a stiffened shell is considered as a multi-layer shell with one isotropic layer for the shell and one orthotropic layer for the stiffeners. Then in each layer an Ilyushin type of yield criterion, that is a direct function of the six stress resultants {N), {M} and an equivalent plastic strain, is treated as a plastic potential. Flow rule is applied for plasticity and three various stress-strain matrix are given for the plastic stability analysis based on the flow theory, the tangent modulous theory and the deformation theory. A numerical study and an experiment on the plastic buckling of axially stiffened shell are compared.


Poplar is playing an important role as a kind of building materials. To reduce the flammability of Poplar, fire-retardants are used during its processing so that it can acquire better flame retardant effects. As to it, flame retardant impregnation process is the key step. In this study, BL flame retardant prepared by Beijing Forestry University,which is efficient and environmental,is used to treat Poplar. The samples were impregnated by four fire-retardant treatment methods which include impregnation at atmosphere and high temperature, impregnation at atmospheric vacuum pressure, impregnation at atmosphere after treated by microwave and impregnation under ultrasonic wave after treated by microwave. According to drug-loading ratios and Limiting-oxygen Index (LOI), the optimum process was explored. Throughout the experiment,it is discovered that Poplar's permeability could be significantly improved after treated by microwave and strong cavitation effect of ultrasonic could make flame retardants efficiently dip into Poplar. From experimental results, samples treated by impregnation at ultrasonic wave after treated by microwave had the highest drug-loading ratios and LOI. The optimum process for fire-retardant treatment of Poplar using BL fire retardant was: microwave heating 2 min, ultrasonic wave dipping 30 min at 40 °C,the concentration of the flame retardant solution was 15%,the liquor ratio of the flame retardant solution to Poplar was 10:1. Drug-loading ratios of fire-retardant Poplar could reach to 26.4%, while LOI could be up to 62.2%. CONE results showed the optimum process with BL fire retardant could greatly improve fire-resistant property of Poplar.


Objective: Currently investigated non-pharmacological minimally invasive method for the treatment of resistant hypertension is percutaneous denervation of renal sympathetic nerve fi bres by radiofrequency catheter-based ablation. We assessed its infl uence on renal function and renal arteries. Methods: The fi rst 38 patients treated with catheter-based renal denervation at our centre between September 2011 and December 2012 were included in the study. Changes in renal function and changes in renal artery morphology at 12 months after the procedure have been analyzed. Results: Mean age was 57.6 ± 11 years, the majority (63.9%) were men. Average estimated glomerular fi ltration rates (eGF) were 1.25 ml/s/1.73 m before denervation and 1.30 ml/s/1.73 m 12 months after intervention. Changes in eGF did not reach statistical signifi cance. New haemodynamically non-signifi cant renal artery stenosis (40%) has occurred in only one case after procedure. Conclusion: In agreement with the results of several studies, our fi ndings suggest that renal denervation (RDN) appears to be a safe therapeutic approach. Kľúčové slová: Renálna denervácia Renálne funkcie Renálne tepny Rezistentná hypertenzia Tento článek prosím citujte takto: J. Kypusová, et al., The influence of catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation on renal function and renal arteries, Cor et Vasa 57 (2015) e245–e250, jak vyšel v online verzi Cor et Vasa na http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001086501500065X#


The combination of circular economy and chemical industry is the inevitable choice of solving the problems in environmental and economic development. At present,Jilin province has established the chemical industry development of circular economy,which is based on Demonstration Park of chemical industry circular economy,to build a primary circular system and the development direction was determined. In the future,Jilin province should pay more attention to the cycle convergence of the projects,the coordination of the departments,the extension of chemical cycle levels,the cultivation of innovation ability and the utilization of Chang-ji-tu development opportunity,so as to promote the development of chemical industry circulation economy.


Key Points FlowCT is a new computational workspace for unveiling cellular diversity and objectively identifying biomarkers in large immune monitoring studies. FlowCT identified T-cell biomarkers predictive of malignant transformation and survival in SMM and active MM data sets.


We investigate the octonion short‐time linear canonical transform (OCSTLCT) in this paper. First, we propose the new definition of the OCSTLCT, and then several important properties of newly defined OCSTLCT, such as bounded, shift, modulation, time‐frequency shift, inversion formula, and orthogonality relation, are derived based on the spectral representation of the octonion linear canonical transform (OCLCT). Second, by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for the OCLCT and the orthogonality relation property for the OCSTLCT, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for the OCSTLCT is established. Finally, we give an example of the OCSTLCT.


We present a method for generating photon triplets in mid-infrared in a length of micro-fiber. By intermodal phase-matching, we show that the photon creation rate can achieve 1.6 triplets/s in 1-m fiber with 1-W pump power.


In this study the structural and morphological properties of perylene films deposited on different substrates have been investigated. The film properties have been studied by employing a range of techniques including atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and drop shape analysis for the determination of the surface free energy. For films deposited on top of Al2O3, the perylene molecules have a fiber texture ordering perpendicular to the substrate, while for films deposited on top of a Au(111) layer, only for thicker films above 400nm were diffraction peaks observed. The different growths of perylene on top of these substrates are attributed to the different strengths of the molecule-substrate interaction.


Polycrystalline sample La0.5Ba0.5FeO3 (LBFO) has been synthesized by conventional solid state reaction route and its dielectric permittivity (er) has been investigated over wide range of temperature and frequency. The synthesized sample exhibits relatively high value of er and low loss. The er shows very weak temperature and frequency dependence at low frequencies. Complex modulus spectroscopy was applied to analyze the observed dielectric behavior. The sample is found to be electrically inhomogeneous due to differently conducting grains and grain boundaries and Maxwell‐Wagner (MW) interfacial polarization model is applied to explain the observed behavior.


This book is an English version of the author's earlier Linguistica strutturale (Turin, Einaudi, 1966), but it is not simply an English translation. The contents have been up-dated to take in relevant work published in the intervening years, and in some chapters there has been considerable rearrangement of the material, more especially, as might be expected, in the chapter on transformational grammar. The chapter titles and their ordering remain the same, facilitating a comparison of two treatments by one author of the subject over the space of four years. The chapters in the book under review are : (i)' Introductory notions ' ; (ii)' Ferdinand de Saussure ' ; (iii) ' The Prague school' ; (iv) ' The Copenhagen school ' ; (v)' The beginning of American structuralism ' ; (vi) ' Functional linguistics ' (principally Jakobson and Martinet) ; (vii) ' Structural linguistics ' ; (viii) ' Transformational grammar ' ; (ix) ' Mathematical linguistics and machine translation '. Within this framework Mr. Lepschy provides an account of the development of twentiethcentury synchronic linguistics (current work on historical linguistics is only mentioned incidentally), and a critical comparative survey of the main trends and schools in the subject to-day. Two points of detail call for comment : (pp. 24-5) it is doubtful whether it was primarily the ' crisis ' of historical linguistics (e.g. the debates between Stammbaunitheorie and Wellentheorie and between neogrammarians and idealists) that gave rise to modern descriptive linguistics ; rather it was the insight of people like de Saussure who saw that in any interpretation historical linguistics covered only one dimension of the study of language (incidentally historical linguistics is' traditional linguistics ' (p. 25) only to those for whom linguistics began in 1786) ; (p. 128) it is not the case that an aim and a name are phonemically ambiguous ; quite a lot of the justification of the juncture phonemes of the Bloomfieldian structuralists lay in their providing a conceptual and notational equipment to deal with examples like these.


This study is tended to analyze the needs analysis of English used by engineering supervisors working at PT. Bridgestone Tyre, Karawang. Since this company has gone international for years, the workers are supposed to use English as their communicative language. However, their English proficiency is still at basic level. Therefore, the focus of this study is to find out what the engineering supervisors need to learn to fulfill their necessity on English implemented in the workplace.
This study is guided by three research questions that are going to reveal: 1) engineering supervisors' lacks, needs, and wants of in implementing English in the workfield; 2) How engineering supervisors use their English as a communicative language in the workfield; and 3) What engineering supervisors suggest to improve the English communicative skills.
Looking at the purpose, it is clear that the study applies descriptive-qualitative method. The data is taken through purposive sampling from thirty engineering supervisors of PT. Bridgestone, Karawang. The techniques to generate data are questionnaire which consists of both structured and unstructured questions to find out the learners' needs along with the ESP target situation in the company and interviewing three of all participants to find out what the engineering supervisors suggest to improve English skill in the company.
The study found that learners' need is determined from what they perceive, the students' necessity is speaking (53%) and writing (40%): Speaking is mostly required for talking with foreigners and superiors, and presentation; whereas the writing skill is required for making report. The learners confess that their lacks are in speaking(50%) and reading (47%): their lack in speaking relates to their necessity. Whereas their lack in reading because they are supposed to comprehend work guide books written in English. Also, they confess that their wants are Speaking (50%) and Reading (50%), which is clear that their wants relate to their necessity. The study also found that the situations faced by the learners in the workplace are making report, talking with foreigners, presentation, comprehending guidline books, and talking with superiors. These situations could be what they need to learn specifically. Lastly, the study reveals what the engineering supervisors suggest the activities to fulfill their necessity, lack and want. To cover speaking skill, their suggestions are to hold a study tour, the correct pronunciation training, and English structure training; to cover reading skill, their suggestion is to hold a training for making report in English and good structure of it consisting of 5W+1H; and to cover reading skill, their suggestions are to study about English magazines and to translate some English texts related to their job.


A semiconductor device (HVIC) that drives a high potential side and a low potential side power device (Q2, Q1), the semiconductor device including: a low potential side circuit (1) provided in a low potential region (77) formed on a semiconductor substrate region (29) for driving the low potential side power device (Q1), a high potential side circuit (2) provided in a high potential region (HVLR, 76) formed on the semiconductor substrate region (29) and to which a high voltage is applied, for driving the high potential side power device (Q2), a virtual ground potential pad (11) disposed in the high potential region (HVLR, 76) and connected to a connection node (PA) of the high potential side and low potential side power devices (Q2, Q1) for supplying a virtual ground potential (VS) to the high potential side circuit (2) a common ground potential pad (6) supplying a low potential side circuit (1) and high potential side circuit (2) with a common ground potential (GND), and a high voltage diode (D3) formed on the semiconductor substrate region (29), the cathode of which is electrically connected to the virtual ground potential pad (11) and the anode of which is electrically connected to the common ground potential pad (6); wherein the semiconductor substrate region (29) is of a first conductivity type, the high voltage diode (D3) is disposed between the high potential region (HVLR) and the low potential region (77), and the high voltage diode (D3) contains: a first semiconductor region (30d) of a second conductivity type formed on the semiconductor substrate region (29) and forming a cathode of the high voltage diode (D3), and a second semiconductor region (32A) of the first conductivity type formed so as to surround the first semiconductor region (30d) and reach the semiconductor substrate region (29) and form an anode of the high voltage diode (D3), wherein the second semiconductor region (32A) electrically separates the first semiconductor region (30d) from a semiconductor region (31c) of the second conductivity type formed on the semiconductor substrate region (29) in the low potential region (77) and the high potential region (HVLR).


Objective And evaluated the effect of the strategies of the works for poliomyelitis eradication,the results showed that:(1)The routine immunization coverage rate conceasingly raised and keeped higher levels,the reporting coverage rate all reached over 90% in each county since 1995,effective avoided the wild-type poliovincs spread (2)The supplementary immunization is the best rapid and effective measure of eradication of pliomyelities After ten times seventeen rounds supplementary immunization and three"mop-up"immunization activities were carried out in 1991-2000 in whole city, the reporting coverage rate has eached over 98% and established a firm immune barrier among the population (3)The completed AFP surveillance system is the theory confimation of poliomyelitis eradication Surveillance hospitals were covered whole city To strengthen the initiative surveillance, the various surveillance indexes has reached or eared every requirements for providing (4)To increase the pure benefit to reach 3 442 ten thousand dollars The ratio of benefit-cost is 5 14∶1 To summarize and evaluate the strategies for polianzelits eradication can consolidate the achievements of the work


We review recent work on developing multi-channel and multi-functional optical processing for DPSK signals. We demonstrate simultaneous demultiplexing and demodulation of multi-rate WDM-DPSK signals using a programmable wavelength selective switch as well as a tunable optical delay with amplitude noise regeneration of DPSK signals using a semiconductor optical amplifier.


24 crossbred (LWY X Desi) male pigs (18.4±0.25 kg) were randomly divided into 4 equal groups to study the effect of supplementing sodium formate at 0.6 (T1), 0.9 (T2) and 1.2% (T3) and 0% to the control (T4) grower (15–35 kg) and finisher (35–70 kg) rations on nutrient digestibility, growth performance and carcass characteristics. Nutrients digestibility (DM, CP and NFE), N retention and ADG were higher (P<0.05) in group T2 than in other groups during grower phase while in finisher phase growth performance was comparable among groups. The carcass characteristics were comparable among treatments. It was concluded that sodium formate supplementation @ 0.9% in the diet was beneficial in improving the performance of crossbred pigs


[formula: see text] Molecular mechanics calculations with several different force fields and the GB/SA solvation model were carried out for the molecular torsion balance developed by Wilcox et al. to investigate the intramolecular nonbonded interactions between two aromatic rings. The preference is found to arise from a balance between intramolecular van der Waals interactions and solvation effects, with the latter favoring the unfolded conformation.


Structure comprising a trench FET and Schottky diode, which are monolithically integrated, wherein the trench FET and Schottky diode, which are monolithically integrated, include: a pair of grooves, which end in a first silicon region of a first conductivity type; two body regions of a second conductivity type between the pair of trenches, wherein the two body regions are separated by a second silicon region of the first conductivity type; a source region of the first conductivity type over each body region; a contact opening extending between the pair of trenches to a depth below the source regions; and a connecting layer, which fills the contact opening to contact the source regions and the second silicon region electrically, wherein the connecting layer forms a Schottky contact with the second silicon region.


of power system failures pertain to transmission lines, or more broadly to distribution systems, maloperation. Those failures can incur serious damage upon the faulted part, if protective actions have not been taken promptly. Distance relays are widely implemented to detect operational disturbances in long transmission lines. They are capable of providing multiple zones of protection coverage, along which the protected transmission line is 100% fault- detected. They are also characterised into a number of types, among which MHO type is most suitable protection method for long transmission lines. This paper aims at analysing a distance relay MHO type characteristic with a two-zone of protection coverage - primary zone and back-up zone. Analysis carried out through a PSCAD/EMTDC model. The transmission line under analysis has the parameters of 275 Km, 230 kV and 60 Hz. The developed model has evaluated the relaying system via two main case studies: (A) steady-state and (B) transient state "phase-to-phase fault" studies. Index Terms—Transmission lines, Distance relay, MHO characteristics, R-X plane, Phase-to-phase fault


The benefits of addressing complex economic challenges and opportunities together are being recognized by an increasing number of general aviation airports and businesses. Positive economic growth can be achieved through close collaboration and communication among the airport and its key stakeholders. The keys to successful relationship-building are presented in this article, with Van Nuys (California) Airport and Long Beach (California) Airport used as case studies.


1. Youngspeak in a multilingual perspective: Introduction (by Stenstrom, Anna-Brita) 2. Part 1. Identity construction 3. On young women's prosodic construction of identity: Evidence from Greek conversational narratives (by Archakis, Argiris) 4. Now he thinks he's listening to rock music: Identity construction among German teenage girls (by Spreckels, Janet) 5. Multilingual practices and identity negotiations among Turkish-speaking young people in a diasporic context (by Lytra, Vally) 6. Part 2. Particular expressions 7. Lexical innovations in Madrid's teenage talk: Some intensifiers (by Martinez Lopez, Juan A.) 8. En plan used as a hedge in Spanish teenage language (by Jorgensen, Annette Myre) 9. Part 3. Languages in contrast 10. A theoretical outline for comparative research on youth language: With an outline of diatopic-contrast research within the Hispanic world (by Zimmermann, Klaus) 11. Pragmatic markers in contrast: Spanish pues nada and English anyway (by Stenstrom, Anna-Brita) 12. Anglicisms in the informal speech of Norwegian and Chilean adolescents (by Drange, Eli-Marie) 13. Similarities and differences between slang in Kaunas and London Teenagers' speech (by Legaudaite, Jolanta) 14. Author index 15. Subject index


Primates rely on visual attention to gather knowledge about their environment. The ability to recognize such knowledge-acquisition activity in another may demonstrate one aspect of Theory of Mind. Using a series of experiments in which chimpanzees were presented with a choice between an experimenter whose visual attention was available and another whose vision was occluded, we asked whether chimpanzees understood the relationship between visual attention and knowledge states. The animals showed sophisticated understanding of attention from the first presentation of each task. Under more complex experimental conditions, the subjects had more difficulty with species-typical processing of attentional cues and those likely to be learned during human contact. We discuss the results with respect to the comparative impact of enculturation on chimpanzees. Whether the ability to discriminate one's own knowledge state from another's is uniquely human has been at the heart of a lively debate in comparative cognition & However, research in the domain of nonhuman primates' understanding of the mind has not produced definitive conclusions about chimpanzees' ability to hold a Theory of Mind (Premack & Woodruff Tomasello et 2001, 2003, 2007; Hare et al. 2000, 2001; Povinelli 2000). Reports from Povinelli and colleagues, working with a group of seven adolescent chimpanzees at the New Iberia Primate Research Center, failed to demonstrate this capability (Povinelli & Eddy 1996a, b; Reaux et al. 1999; Povinelli 2000). The New Iberia chimpanzees learned a stimulus-based rule to solve a preferential gesture task based on visual access to 'face' and 'eyes' (Reaux


The investigation was conducted from 2009 to 2012. on cv. Chardonnay in the productive vineyard. Training system was Istrian spur cordon, an unilateral spur cordon with upward positioned shoots, which characteristics were investigated in the agroecological conditions of Istria (Croatia), in a continuity of ten years. Two bud loads of 16 buds and two bud loads of 32 buds per vine were investigated in this study, with a total of four treatments. Lower bud loads were represented with vines having eight arms with one spur containing two buds or two spurs containing one bud. Higher bud loads were represented with vines having eight arms with two spurs containing two buds or four spurs containing one bud. Each treatment had three repetitions of five vines. The experimental design was randomized blocks design. Yield, number of bunches per vine, cluster weight, sugar content and titratable acidity in must were mostly different among different vegetation seasons. Within the same year yield and the number of clusters per vine were mostly higher on vines with a bud load of 32 buds. Bud fruitfulness and cluster weight were generally higher on vines with a bud load of 16 buds. Sugar content, titratable acidity and pH value of must varied vary slightly among different treatments. Based on the results of this four years experiment it can be concluded that the Istrian spur cordon, combining different bud loads, can be successfully applied to Chardonnay in Istria in the production of targeted grape quality.


The Ticket to Work program (TTW) represents a new approach to an old problem: although many Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) beneficiaries work at some time after getting benefits, very few earn enough to be judged capable of substantial gainful activity, the key determinant of whether they are disabled and entitled to continued benefits.


This paper presents novel schemes for the extended limit analysis and plastic synthesis of rigid perfectly plastic frames involving unilateral supports with frictional contacts. The focus is on the Coulomb friction model which embodies a nonassociative complementarity condition. As such, uniqueness of the upper bound solution in the complementarity system is no longer guaranteed. The aim of the extended limit analysis is to compute, for fixed topology and known material distribution, the least upper bound to collapse limit. This is achieved by directly formulating and solving a single nonconvex and nonsmooth optimization problem, known in a literature as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). Under given design loads, the plastic synthesis can also be carried out using an iterative scheme that determines the safe material distribution such that the total weight of the structure is a minimum.


The purpose of this study was to investigate into the family social support and socio-economic status as determinants of quality of life among the aged in Oyo North, Nigeria. Descriptive research design of ex-post- facto type was used in the study. One hundred and sixty (160) respondents were selected from selected schools in Oyo North senatorial District Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The respondents were measured with relevant adopted standardized scale and the data obtained was analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Multiple Regression statistical analysis. Three research hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that there was quality of life among aged is significantly correlated with family social support (r = .838; p<.05) and socio-economic status (r= .726; p<.05). The independent variables (family social support and socio-economic status) when pulled together have significant effects on the quality of life among aged (R (adjusted) =.928 & R 2 (adjusted) =.859) and each of the independent variables made a significant contribution to the prediction of quality of life among aged. In term of magnitude of contribution, socio-economic status made the most significant contribution (Beta= .900; t= 12.438; P<0.05) to the prediction. Other variables made significant contributions in the following order: psychological wellbeing (Beta= .092; t= 2.213; P<0.05) and family social support (Beta= .085; t= 1.036; P<0.05). In view of these findings, the study stressed that working aged is to be trained on how to improve their family social support during and after the working age, because their level of family social support has a significant influence on the quality of life, Counselling psychologists should intensify their effort to organize seminars/conferences on the implications of these factors (e.g family social support and socio-economic status among others) on the quality of life among aged in the society.


Introduction:
 Early success with regionalization of STEMI care has led many states to adopt statewide pre-hospital STEMI destination policies, allowing emergency medical services (EMS) to bypass non-PCI capable hospitals. The association with adoption of these policies and patterns of care among STEMI patients is unknown.

 Hypothesis:
 Compared with similar states without STEMI bypass policies, we hypothesized states with bypass policies would have a higher proportion of eligible STEMI patients 1) arrive by direct EMS transport to PCI hospitals (less transfer-in); 2) receive any reperfusion; and 3) receive timely PCI.

 Methods:
 Using data from Jan 1, 2013 to Dec 31, 2014 from the NCDR ACTION Registry, six states with bypass policies (cases) were matched to six states without bypass policies (controls)
 a priori
 on region, hospital density, and percent state participation in the registry. Using the matched sample, logistic regression models were adjusted for patient- and state-level characteristics. Outcomes were: 1) transfer-in status, 2) receipt of reperfusion, and 3) receipt of timely PCI.

 Results:
 Case states: Delaware, Iowa, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts, were matched to the respective control states: South Carolina, Minnesota, Virginia, Texas, New York and Connecticut, with 19,287 patients at 379 sites. Patients from states with bypass policies were similar in age, gender, and comorbidities to patients from states without bypass policies. They were more likely to be white, have private insurance, and reside in rural areas. They were less likely to transfer into a PCI hospital (aOR=0.60, 95% CI 0.26-1.35) and more likely to receive reperfusion therapy (aOR=1.77, 95% CI 0.96-3.24), but these trends were not statistically significant. They were also significantly more likely to receive primary PCI within 90 minutes (aOR=1.59, 95% CI 1.19-2.12) or 120 minutes (aOR=1.44, 95% CI 1.06-1.95) of first medical contact.

 Conclusions:
 Statewide adoption of STEMI destination policies allowing EMS to bypass non-PCI capable facilities is associated with shorter time from first medical contact to PCI and non-significant trends toward increased arrival by direct EMS transport and more receipt of reperfusion therapy.


Introduction 1. Retail Valuation: How Investors Value Product Availability and Inventory Management 2. Product Life Cycle Planning: How to Reinvent Forecasting, Inventory Optimization, and Markdown Pricing 3. Assortment Planning: Mining Sales Data to Discover 'Homerun' Products You are Missing 4. Flexible Supply Chains: How to Design for Greater Agility End to End 5. Reducing Perverse Incentive Misalignment in Supply Chains 6. Store Level Execution: Increasing Sales Through Better Availability of Products and Store Associates 7. Company-Wide Implementation: Managerial Issues Affecting Implementation 8. Technological Risk: How Retailers Should Assess and Manage Emerging Technologies Conclusions


Scoliosis has become a significant problem in adolescents. In order to reduce cost and physical injury, this paper proposes a depth camera-based scoliosis screening. First, the collected depth map and color map are fused into a point cloud, and then direct filtering, color segmentation, and point cloud smoothing are performed on the point cloud. Second, the features of scoliosis were obtained by marker extraction, dorsal midline selection and spinal line fitting. Finally, scoliosis was measured and assessed using the coronal Cobb angle and sagittal plane index. Subjects were screened for the spine, and the method presented in this paper showed little difference in Cobb angles from X-rays.


Motivated by modeling manufacturing systems in which job arrivals and processing times are essentially deterministic, but the environment is typically random, we develop a fluid model with random disruptions. The quality and relevance of such a model are supported by the following facts which we establish in this study. The fluid model is more susceptible to analysis: Its (dynamical) sample paths are continuous and piecewise linear, and its stationary behavior can be studied using standard approaches in random walk; the model is a limit of corresponding queueing systems with random disruptions that are usually difficult to analyze; there exist pathwise bounds between the fluid model and D/D/1 queues with random disruptions, and the bounds are simple and tight.


THE CLASSICAL REVIEW AM of the Suda (see Adler's apparatus on K 165), though he quotes Suda on several points in the app. on this particular scholion. Similar examples can be found elsewhere (cf. Suda I 571 and sch. 143a7;Suda A 1825 and sch. 485b) and in any case one would have liked to see a statement about the editor's practice in quoting (or suppressing) evidence from this source. There is nothing in the long note 160 where he only deals with the stemmatic relationship between the Suda and the manuscripts. However, I hasten to stress that this is an important work without which future students of the play will not easily do. It is only fitting that I should emphasize that my disagreements with Dr. Christodoulou in no way overshadow the fact that this edition is a solid piece of work in a province of classical studies where one seldom, if ever, earns gratitude in a measure comparable to the hard work spent.


Any analysis of the role of the press in the democratisation of Egypt must take into account the long history between journalists and those in (...)


ABSTRACT The Meseta Goaïda magmatism, which occurs as gabbro, dolerite and rhyolitic intrusions in the Neoproterozoic basement and Cambrian platform sedimentary series of the Moroccan Hercynian orogen, has been ascribed to the Variscan orogenesis in the late Palaeozoic. Here, we provide new LA–ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages – ranging from c. 519 Ma to c. 479 Ma – of this magmatism that reveal, for the first time in the Moroccan Central Meseta, the existence of early Cambrian to early Ordovician bimodal magmatism. Inherited zircons in these magmatic rocks yield dates that range from c. 1.2 to 1.0 Ga and c. 0.63 to 0.50 Ga. This inheritance suggests provenance from Precambrian crustal sources in the Cadomian‒Pan-African of the NW margin of the West African Craton, which is buried beneath the currently exposed Paleozoic Moroccan Meseta. The affinity of this early Palaeozoic magmatism is mainly tholeiite to transitional for the mafic rocks and high-K calc-alkaline for the silicic rocks. The Cambrian–Ordovician age and varying parental magma signature – as shown by trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data from this magmatism and its Neoproterozoic granitoid basement rocks – indicate that the Moroccan Meseta early-Paleozoic magmatism might be associated with the weakening of the continental lithosphere during the early stages of rifting during the Cambrian–Ordovician along the NW Gondwana margin. This is supported by the presence of inherited zircons derived from reworking of the Precambrian crust in the early-Palaeozoic magmas.


Employers in the medical profession must take steps to reduce the stigma of mental illness among their workforce so that doctors feel able to get help, researchers from Swansea University have said.

The recommendation came as a survey of UK doctors, conducted by the BMA, found that most doctors (80%) were at a high or very high risk of burnout, with junior doctors most at risk.1

For their study, to be published in an upcoming edition of the International Review of …


1. Introduction: What does this Introduction to global politics do? Jenny Edkins and Maja Zehfuss 2. How do we begin to think about the world? Veronique Pin-Fat 3. What happens if we don't think in human terms? Simon Dalby 4. Who do we think we are? Annick T.R.Wibben 5. How do religious beliefs affect politics? Peter Mandaville 6. Why do we obey? Jenny Edkins 7. How do we find out what's going on in the world? Debbie Lisle 8. Why is people's movement restricted? Roxanne Lynn Doty 9. Why is the world divided territorially? Stuart Elden 10. How does the nation-state work? Michael J Shapiro 11. Do colonialism and slavery belong to the past? Kate Manzo 12. How is the world organised economically? V Spike Peterson 13. Why are some people better off than others? Paul Cammack 14. How can we end poverty? Mustapha Kamal Pasha 15. Why do some people think they know what is good for others? Naeem Inayatullah 16. Why does politics turn to violence? Joanna Bourke 17. What makes the world dangerous? Michael Dillon 18. What can we do to stop people harming others? Anne Orford 19. Can we move beyond conflict? Roland Bleiker 20. Conclusion: What can we do to change the world? Maja Zehfuss


Abstract Ni–Sn–P alloys with a stannous content of 2·91–4·05 wt-% and a phosphorous content of 13·54–14·56 wt-% produced as a coating on copper by constant current electrodeposition were studied, with regard to their corrosion behaviour upon immersion in 10 wt-% H2SO4 solutions. The corrosion resistance of Ni–Sn–P alloy improved with increasing stannous content. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the formation of Sn and P enriched layers at the alloy surface. After corrosion, a layer of passive film composed of SnO2, Ni(OH)2 and Ni3(PO4)2 was formed on the surface, which could prevent the contact between metal surface and corrosive liquid.


A classical trajectory‐based procedure for estimating the kinetics of unimolecular dissociations containing no reverse potential barrier is described and implemented for the dissociation of NCNO into NC and NO. The basis of this implementation involves Keck's procedure of propagating trajectories from the transition state on towards separated fragments and back towards complex. A separation of modes into the ''transitional'' and ''conserved'' modes allows for a propagation in only the transitional modes via the implementation of adiabaticity assumptions for the conserved modes. A statistical distribution of initial conditions is obtained via the implementation of Monte Carlo based procedures previously employed in the evaluation of the number of available states. The trajectory results for the rate constants and the product rotational distributions are compared with corresponding statistical results. A recently introduced variable reaction coordinate statistical approach is found to provide an accurate es...


In the presented paper, the authors propose advanced electrical circuitry for a multifunctional physiotherapeutic device carried out on the basis of modern microcontrollers with large memory. The structural scheme of the device, indicating the advantage of the developed circuit over previous versions, is presented.


The conventional pulse compression method [i.e., matched filter (MF)] and adaptive pulse compression (APC) methods are based on the assumption that the echo sampling point is located in the target point which is in a range cell. If the echo sampling point is not located in the target point, it will result in sampling mismatch problem and the performance of MF and APC methods will be significantly reduced when using the continuous-time phase-modulated waveforms, such as linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal. Aiming at solving the sampling mismatch problem, an APC based on two-stage phase compensation (TPC-APC) and its dimensionality-reduced version-contiguous fast APC based on two-stage phase compensation (TPC-CFAPC) are proposed in this article. In TPC-APC/TPC-CFAPC method, the mismatch phase caused by the sampling mismatch is first compensated through the first-stage phase compensation, which suppresses the sampling-mismatch-induced range sidelobes; then the mismatch phase caused by the target's Doppler frequency is compensated through the second-stage phase compensation to suppress the Doppler-mismatch-induced range sidelobes; finally, the APC is applied to suppress the range sidelobe. To further compensate the mismatch phases of different targets, this article proposes a reiterative TPC-APC method and its dimensionality-reduced version, which iteratively use TPC-APC or TPC-CFAPC to suppress the range sidelobes caused by the mismatch phases of different targets. The results of the experiments have shown that the proposed methods are more robust compared with MF and APC methods.


By adopting game theory,This paper is on the study and optimization of "Furubotn --Wiggins model", finding out and making up for its inherent flaws, so as to draw the conclusion that Sports business bankruptcy can be avoided by the strengthened information communication in sports business. And this paper also puts forward concrete institutional arrangements measures on the resolution of the internal information asymmetry in sports business. Keywords-synergetic; computer technology ; information technology ; furubotn --wiggins model; information asymmetry;information communication mechanism


The present invention is intended to provide a new washing method to also be a washing of laundry in a smoother relates to a washing method of a washing machine, especially washing of a small amount and low power consumption. To this end, according to a steam washing control by supplying steam into the drum to proceed the washing, and by the heating of the steam generator providing steam to the drum to raise the temperature of the drum and including the step of proceeding to wash provides a steam washing control method of the drum washing machine, comprising a step of passing the wash water to the steam generator for the purpose of washing with water in the supplying of water in the tub water supply section for rinsing after the steam washing apparatus proceeds. Washer, Steam Generator, heater SG, SG the water supply valve, rinsing, washing with water SG


A "space-time object model" provides a set of functions required to describe the structure and control of space and time for the objects to be simulated. We introduce a "field" to manage the simulation clock and to mediate communication between objects which are unknown to each other[1]. A "field" ensures causality of the mutual effects between objects in terms of time and space so as to preserve the correctness of distributed simulation[3].


Hungary, along with the other member states of the EU, is making efforts to diminish the social and economic gap between the different regions of the country. EU cohesion funds are designed to serve this goal. However, the utilization of these resources is not efficient enough. The problem is exacerbated by how the disadvantaged regions are supported. Support is provided on the basis of various indicators, such as per capita GDP, life expectancy, residents' educational status, etc. Omitted from this indicator set is reference to the environment or other structural characteristics of the region (such as proximity to big cities; cultural heritage, etc.). This is partly why these developments are not entirely successful. This paper describes some positive cases that may serve as examples for the rural development of poorer regions, both in terms of economy and society. The description of the well-known case of Murau (Austria) is followed by a description of a new experiment which is taking place in the small village of Herencseny in Hungary. It is stated in conclusion that through the help of a guiding holistic vision not only the single issue of poverty can be targeted but a model is created which can facilitate the achieving of numerous ecological and societal goals.


The Automated Intelligent Mentoring System (AIMS) takes clinical procedural skill acquisition to the next level by replacing subject matter judgment with precise measurements.


Salinity problems are becoming more and more severe in management, which can cause physiological stress to plant and deteriorate the soil structure. Jatropha is a high tolerance to salinity. The aim of this study was to adopt the approach through the use of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and chemometrics to detect Jatropha responses to salinity stress. Salinity treatment was applied by adding a diluted Mediterranean Sea water to attain salinity levels 2500 and 5000 ppm (two irrigation by saline water and the next was by tap water alternatively) and tap water was used with Jatropha. Amino acid proline at the rate of 100 and 200 ppm was sprayed. At least three indices estimated based on single leaf reflectance spectrum (400-4000 cm1). The unsupervised clustering method, principal component analysis (PCA) showed no discrimination between the Jatropha and salt-treated plants. The supervised method, discriminate function analysis (DFA) was capable to classify Jatropha and salt-treated plants. Key regions were identified within the spectra corresponding to amino radicals. The application of IR enabled the identification of functional groups of potential importance in relation to the response of Jatropha to salinity.


A better compression rate of the characteristic basis function method (CBFM) can be obtained by increasing the block size to generate the characteristic basis functions (CBFs). However, it has been heavy to generate the CBFs for electrically large‐size blocks in the case of multiple excitations with traditional CBFM. In this paper, a novel computing scheme, accelerated generation method that combined the traditional CBFM with the Sherman‐Morrison‐Woodbury algorithm (SMWA) is proposed to generate CBFs and calculate the reduced impedance matrix. Furthermore, a recursive process of the computing scheme is introduced to accelerate the performance. Finally, the computational results are validated and performed that the proposal method is more effective than the conventional methods.


A method for the on-line measurement of the heat of combustion of gaseous hydrocarbon fuel mixtures has been developed and tested. The method involves combustion of a test gas with a measured quantity of air to achieve a preset concentration of oxygen in the combustion products. This method involves using a controller which maintains the fuel (gas) volumetric flow rate at a level consistent with the desired oxygen concentration in the combustion products. The heat of combustion is determined form a known correlation with the fuel flow rate. An on-line computer accesses the fuel flow data and displays the heat of combustion measurement at desired time intervals. This technique appears to be especially applicable for measuring heats of combustion of hydrocarbon mixtures of unknown composition such as natural gas.


A29-year-old man with type 1 diabetes presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath and chest pain that had lasted for one week. The patient initially reported no systemic symptoms. However, upon further questioning, he stated that he had felt generally unwell for the past year,


Big Data is, without doubt, one of the most important areas of work for ICT professionals. No area or sector is not affected by the implications of this concept is incorporated; change some tools, strategies analysis and measurement standards are modified. One of the challenges and opportunities facing information professionals in this environment is related to literacy on data and research university libraries. Information literacy and digital literacy in libraries have been widely discussed and applied in the professional literature, but until recently little attention has been paid to literacy data. However, the new e-government initiatives and open data in the last decade have created public data widely available that are of great interest to researchers and students. Increasing the technological capacity to process large amounts of data (Big Data) offers new opportunities for both the layman as for the researcher.


Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare incurable subtype of B-cell lymphoma characterized by t(11;14)(q13;q32)-driven over expression of cyclin D1 [1]. MCL is associated with the highest degree of genomic instability of the B cell malignancies, and TP53 mutation in particular confers a dismal prognosis in MCL with a reported incidence of 15-20 % (blastoid=29% vs Classical= 6%) [2, 3]. TP53 mutation status is the only independent molecular marker that was able to improve the prognostic value of the Mantle cell lymphoma International Prognostic Index (MIPI) [4]. MCL Patients with a TP53 mutation were significantly less likely to achieve a CR after first-line treatment and associated early relapse. The current standard of care, Chemo-immunotherapy with high-dose Cytarabine followed by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) (in eligible patient), although most patients prove ineligible, have failed to overcome the poor prognostic impact of TP53 disruption [4]. Ibrutinib and Venetoclax (ABT-199) are two of the most active agents in the treatment of MCL, they have acceptable toxicity profiles and mainly are used in relapse setting. Pre-clinical models predict synergy between these novel drugs in combination. Patients who received Ibrutinib after an initial relapse had significantly longer PFS and OS than patients who received Ibrutinib after successive relapses probably related to selective advantage of resistant clone expansion [5]. In MCL, the attention should be move to the upfront treatment setting using these target therapies in high risk disease (TP53 mutated) and elderly patients whom un-fit for chemo-immunotherapy approach and phase III clinical trial eagerly awaited to support this approach. Likewise, in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) incorporating TP53 mutation screening in routine practice prior commencing therapy is paramount in the era of novel effective therapies. Younger MCL patients with this genetic alteration should be considered for specific treatment using inhibitors for BCR, BCL2, TP53-independent pathways, the Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies either alone or in combination followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation in the upfront setting. Chemo-free approach also to be considered for un-fit patients early in the disease course. Fit un-mutated TP53 MCL Patients should be treated with chemo-immunotherapy with ASCT consolidation if eligible and anti CD20 monoclonal antibody maintenance therapy.


In 1986 and beginning of 1987, the first 14 of 30 self registering rain gauges were set up on the northern slopes of the French Alps, in order to improve our knowledge of the spatial variability of statistical parameters of rainfall in mountainous areas for short time intervals. In order to obtain a high density network without loosing economic feasibility, this network was designed one-dimensioned, 5 0 km long, and perpendicular to the main mountainous ranges oriented NE/SW. A review of the studies shows that it is better to classify the rainfall events according to their meteorological features before studying the influence of the topography on it. We selected the following parameters to classify the rainfall events: heights of isobaric levels, air temperatures, water content and wind speed from which we calculated predictors such as changes of layer thickness and vertical profiles. These predictors represent the different factors which act upon the precipitations: direction and speed of the air flow, temperature and water content of the air, unstability. For the presented study we used the radiosonde data of the meteorological station of Lyon-Satolas and the statistical analysis routines of the french meteorological service. The ultimate goal has been to give the correct estimation of rainfall in the mountainous catchments using data available only in the foreland.


Sir, In their letter, Kinmonth and Smellie state that further studies are required to determine the proportion of children with urinary tract infection at risk of renal damage (April Journal, p.219). I recently reviewed all cases of bacteriologically proven urinary tract infection in children aged under seven years on my personal list of approximately 2500 patients, occurring between 1989 and 1994. There were 16 cases (12 females and four males), with ages ranging from four weeks to six years. All were investigated by urinary tract imaging through direct access to the Imaging Department of the Luton and Dunstable Hospital. Abnormalities were found in 50% of the children (six females and two males). Vesico-ureteric reflux was found in two (12.5%), ureteric and/or pelviccalyceal dilatation in four (25%) and scarring in six (37.5%). All were managed conservatively, and in none was paediatric referral considered necessary. Management included prophylaxis with antibiotics (the duration of which depended on the nature of the abnormality), regular culture of the urine, and repeat imaging as appropriate to detect renal growth, new scars, and the persistence of cessation of reflux. The aim of management is to prevent avoidable renal damage and renal failure.


Phenological shifts in plants greatly affect biotic interactions and lead to multiple feedbacks to the climate system. Increases in growing-season length under warmer climates are expected to drive changes in water, nutrient, and energy fluxes as well as enhancing ecosystem carbon uptake. Yet, future trajectories of growing-season lengths remain highly uncertain because the intrinsic and extrinsic factors triggering autumn leaf senescence, including lagged effects of spring and summer productivity, are poorly understood. Here, we use 434,226 spring leaf-out and autumn leaf senescence observations of temperate trees from Central Europe between 1948 and 2015 to test the effect of seasonal photosynthetic activity on leaf senescence, thereby exploring the extent to which growing-season lengths are internally regulated by constraints on productivity. We found that spring and summer productivity was a critical driver of autumn phenology, with earlier leaf senescence in years with high seasonal photosynthetic activity. Our new process-based model, incorporating information on growing-season photosynthesis, increased the accuracy of existing autumn phenology models by 22–61%. Furthermore, the physiological constraint of growing-season photosynthesis reversed the predictions of autumn phenology over the rest of the century. While current phenology models predict that leaf senescence will occur 7–19 days later by the end of the 21 century, we estimate that leaf senescence will, in fact, advance by 3–6 days. Our results reveal important constraints on future growing-season lengths and the carbon uptake potential of temperate trees and enhance our capacity to forecast long-term changes in ecosystem functioning, which is critical to improve our understanding of Earth System dynamics in response to climate change.


The chronology of the eruption of permanent teeth is a process that has variations and is manifested by various factors. Braska cited in Morón et al.  It tells us that the chronology of the eruption of the permanent dentition is a process in which it is very difficult to establish a pattern or establish an adequate order since it depends on climate, age, weight, socioeconomic factor, among others1.
It is highly controversial to establish an exact chronology for the eruption of permanent teeth, since these depend on multiple factors such as age, sex, race, diet, geographic location, existing diseases, among others. In order to try to establish precise data on the chronology of the eruption of the permanent dentition, systems are used to determine the chronology, such as skeletal, dental, and dental ages1.


For the generators operating in parallel, the common busbar may experience the increase of voltage when the excitation system of one generator is failed. All of the generators connected to this busbar will become isolated if their settings of overvoltage protection are identical. An appropriate solution must be proposed for the plant consisting of Powerformers since the Powerformers always operate in parallel. Based on the analysis of the relation between terminal voltage of a generator and the reactive power output, the disadvantage of the existent overvoltage protection scheme for generators working in parallel have been pointed out, and a novel overvoltage protection scheme is proposed. This protection can not only detect overvoltage events, but make it possible to identify which machine is the source of the overvoltage by virtue of the change of reactive power output. As a result, the selectivity of the protection is realized. Using a compensated factor to modify the operating time of the protection, the generator which has the most vital impact on the overvoltage of the busbar will be tripped at first. The effectiveness of this scheme is validated with the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation tests. It should be pointed out that the application of this protection scheme is not restricted to Powerformer.


A method of manufacturing a foamed vehicle part includes reshaping a transparent sheet that serves as an outer skin, and which has a front side and a rear side. A wet paint is applied onto the rear side of the transparent sheet to form a coloring layer. The transparent sheet is then provided with a foamed backing on the rear side.


James Nathaniel Layne (Fig. 1), 91, of Lake Placid, Florida passed away peacefully at home on 10 June 2017 surrounded by his daughters. He was born in Chicago, Illinois on 16 May 1926, a son of the late Leslie and Harriet (Hausmann) Layne. He married Lois Linderoth on 25 August 1950. They had been married for almost 66 years when Lois died in March 2016. Jim is survived by 5 daughters (Linda Farnsworth, Kimberly Crawford, Jamie Stayer, Susan Royce, and Rachel Troutman), 10 grandchildren, and 2 great-grandchildren. Jim grew up on Chicago's north side. From the time he was 6 years old, when his father left the family, he and his younger brother were raised by his mother through the years of the Great Depression. His mother encouraged his interest in natural history. With additional nurturing from high school teachers, his early interest in birds of prey intensified during his teen years and he once remarked that he had trained an American kestrel to falconry as a youth. His first scientific paper dealt with the nests of hawks and was published in 1943 in the Illinois Audubon Society Bulletin. Following high school, Jim enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Force from 1943 to 1946, first as a preaviation cadet (1943–1944) and then on active duty (1944–1946). After being discharged in August 1946, he enrolled at Chicago City Junior College, but after a year there he transferred to Cornell University, where his interests expanded to include fishes and mammals. He earned his B. A. in 1950 (zoology and general studies) and Ph.D. in 1954 (major in vertebrate zoology/mammalogy; minors in botany and entomology) from Cornell. W. J. Hamilton, Jr. was chair of his Ph.D. committee. His first paper on mammals was a General Note in the Journal of Mammalogy in 1951 that described how an opossum (Didelphis virginiana) used its tail to carry nesting material. Jim returned briefly to Illinois as an Assistant Professor at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale (1954–1955), but accepted a position at the University of Florida, Gainesville in 1955, where he was an Assistant Professor (1955–1959) and then Associate Professor (1959–1963). During this same period, he was Assistant and then Associate Curator of mammals at the Florida State Museum. In 1963, he returned to Cornell University, where he accepted the position vacated by Dr. Hamilton upon his retirement. He remained at Cornell until 1967, when he became the first Director of Research at Archbold Biological Station, a research institute near Lake Placid, Florida (1967–1976). As the administrative structure at Archbold evolved over the years, Jim became the Station's first Executive Director (1976–1985) and later Senior Research Biologist (1985–1993). Upon retirement in 1993, he continued his research as Senior Research Biologist Emeritus. As a teacher and mentor, Jim influenced many students during his career. He directed the research of 9 Ph.D. students and 5 Master's students during his time at the University of Florida and Cornell University. He chaired committees of 9 other Journal of Mammalogy, 99(1):283–292, 2018 DOI:10.1093/jmammal/gyx172 Published online December 21, 2017


ABSTRACT Although aiming to disrupt the othering that enables political violence and mass victimization, transitional justice processes – which are integral to international peacebuilding – may also (re)produce difference in intricate and possibly problematic ways. This article argues that as this dilemma is inherent to the politics of difference, it is crucial to consider how difference is constructed in transitional justice processes, and with what consequences, as this can feed into problematic processes of othering. This article focuses on the genocide charges at the Khmer Rouge tribunal in Cambodia, using transcripts of the legal proceedings and qualitative fieldwork conducted between 2013 and 2018.


A new funerary inscription of the Hellenistic age found in Aptera (Crete) by the Greek archaeologist V. Niniou-Kindeli is published and studied in this paper. The text of the inscription reads as follows: A) Σώσανδρος | Βίτωνος . B) Ἀμφιμήδης | Σωσάνδρω .


Wireless network system including mobile and fixed wireless access points. The access points each include a connection unit for connecting to the partner access point and enabling communications between them. The mobile access point has a download-request accepting unit, and a download-request transmitting unit that transmits an accepted download request conditional upon both the access points being connected to each other via the mobile access point's connection unit. The fixed access point has a download-request receiving unit that receives download requests when transmitted from the mobile access point via the fixed access point's connection unit, and has a file acquisition unit that in response to a thus-received download request downloads the file via the fixed access point's communications network. A file transmitting unit in the fixed access point transmits the thus-downloaded file to the mobile access point via the fixed access point's connection unit.


"Do you know," I said, "that it is necessary that there also be as many forms of human characters as there are forms of regimes? Or do you suppose that the regimes arise 'from an oak or rocks' and not from the dispositions of the men in the cities, which, tipping the scale as it were, draw the rest along with them?" "No," he said. "I don't at all think they arise from anything other than this." Plato, The Republic , Book VIII, 543 e. M uch has been written on solo structures and executive roles. However, as argued in the Introduction, a book on duos, trios, and larger executive constellations that share governance positions is timely. In Part II of the book we situated the phenomenon of small numbers at the top in the field of organization studies and outlined its most relevant debates. We also introduced our two main theoretical lenses – contingency theory and role theory – through which we investigate the phenomenon. In Part I of the book we concentrated on the phenomenon itself, undertaking a presentation and discussion of examples of the basic types of small-numbers structures: professional duos, trios, and larger constellations. We also delved into the domain of career theories, seeking to grasp the particulars of executives' united careers, the most integrated case of small numbers.


In this study, we fabricated Ag-sheathed Bi2223 tapes with interfilamentary resistive barriers by using standard powder-in-tube (PIT) method and evaluated their AC loss characteristics at 77 K. The mixture of Ca2CuO3 and 30 wt.% Bi2212 are used as new barrier materials for tape fabrication. Although some broken parts in barrier layers were observed in a final tape section, it was confirmed that the barriers were almost arranged around each Bi2223 filament. In addition, XRD results indicated that the barrier introduction among the filaments has little side effect for the formation of Bi2223 phase inside the filaments. By introducing the barrier layers, the Jc values at 77 K and self-field are degraded about 15%. From the results of the measurements for AC magnetization loss under parallel transverse field, it was suggested that introducing the mixture of Ca2CuO3 and Bi2212 as barriers is effective to increase the transverse resistivity, and also to suppress the electromagnetic coupling among the filaments.


The overexpression of inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase has recently been shown to protect HEK293 cells from tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced apoptosis. This overexpression leads to an increase in the levels of both inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (InsP5) and inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (InsP6). Cells that overexpress InsP5 2-kinase have increased levels of InsP6 and are also protected from TNFα-induced apoptosis; furthermore, cells that express an RNA interference construct to the 2-kinase are deficient in InsP6 and are sensitized to TNFα-induced apoptosis. Therefore the protective effect of 5/6-kinase on TNFα-mediated apoptosis is due to an increase of InsP6 or to a metabolite derived from InsP6. Furthermore, we find that the InsP6 also protects from Fas-mediated apoptosis. No effect was seen in the endocytic rate of transferrin receptor, caspase 8 activity, or TNF receptor number at the cell surface. Cells that overexpress 2-kinase do show an increase in the amount of receptor-interacting protein (RIP), while cells with reduced InsP6 levels show relatively less RIP, providing a possible mechanism for the effect on apoptosis.


The involvement of the criminal justice system in immigration control is nowadays a global phenomenon that has called the attention of academics and practitioners. The Spanish legal regime has not been immune to this occurrence, encompassing a series of situations in which criminal courts are required to make decisions that can have significant implications upon immigration law enforcement. One of the most noteworthy provisions in this regard is that by which criminal courts are allowed to exercise discretionary prosecution to authorise the administrative expulsion of a prosecuted foreigner (Art. 57.7 Aliens Act). Drawing on focused observation of a court setting and semi-structured interviews with judges, prosecutors, clerks, court personnel and defence attorneys, the main findings of this paper hover around the idea that expulsion is a court's culturally constructed punishment, defined more by the meanings attributed to it by court actors than by its formal legal categorisation. 1 Corresponding author: Byron Villagómez Moncayo. Isla Floreana E7-27 y Fernandina, 170150, Quito (Ecuador). email@example.com R e i c R e v i s t a E s p a ñ o l a d e I n v e s t i g a c i ó n C r i m i n o l ó g i c a


Cultural Algorithms, by imitating the social behavior of human communities are able to attain good results while exhibiting a remarkable frugality in resources. This paper explores their needs in terms of sample size and how these needs are affected by the complexity of the information being addressed, with a somewhat surprising result: less is more, smaller sample sizes conduce to better results at any level of complexity.


Children are the most important beings in any parent"s life. Therefore, to be physically cut off creates a deep and enduring pain when a parent is incarcerated and unable to be with their children. Children and families are well known to be among the most reliable predictors in desistance from future crime upon returning to society. Returning home after incarceration presents many difficulties, but re-connecting with families and children is the most daunting, if not most, difficult to achieve. We discuss the problems and issues facing returning inmates in consideration of the public policies for families and children.


The present issue is dedicated to a meeting held to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the University of Illinois College of Dentistry and its Department of Oral Biology. Chicago's oral biologists laid the foundation for much of what is known today about the evolution and development of the craniofacial region. The interest in the evolution and development of oro-facial structures in Chicago beganwith the dental laboratory of Greene Vardiman Black (1836–1915), who was recruited in 1883 to the Chair of Pathology at the Chicago College of Dental Surgery (the predecessor of Loyola University School of Dentistry). In 1891 Black moved to the Northwestern University Dental School as a Professor of Dental Pathology and Bacteriology and became Dean of the Dental School in 1897. During his Northwestern years, Black established a laboratory for dental histopathology, and trained a number of students, including Frederick Bogue Noyes (1872–1961). His landmark twovolume book on "Operative Dentistry" (Black, 1914) included an extensive treatise on dental histopathologies and became the standard dental textbook in the early 20th century. When the University of Illinois (U of I) took on the College of Dentistry as one of its academic units in 1913, founding Dean Frederick Brown Moorehead (1875–1944) recruited G.V. Black's associate Frederick Bogue Noyes as professor of Orthodontics and Histology in 1914. Also Moorehead was a scholar as his textbook "Pathology of the Mouth" (Moorehead, 1925) illustrates. At that time, the U of I College of Dentistry was within walking distance from another famous Chicago dental school, Loyola University's College of Dental Surgery, where Dean William Hoffman Gardiner Logan (1872–1943), built a bridge to Gottlieb's oral histopathology laboratory at the University of Vienna. Bernhard Gottlieb (1885–1960) was the European doyen of Oral Biology, having established a prolific laboratory for Oral Pathology at the University of Vienna. Logan's invitation resulted in Gottlieb's visit to Chicago in 1926 and a subsequent exchange of students and ideas. Already during its first decade, the University of Illinois College of Dentistry counted two distinguished anatomical scientists among its faculty: the classic topographical anatomist Albert Chancey Eycleshymer (1867–1925) and the histologist and orthodontist Frederick Bogue Noyes (1872–1961), a most beloved teacher and academician, who was considered the father of dental histology in the United States. Trained in the area of orthodontics under the tutelage of Edward Angle, he forged a long-lasting partnership between the Departments of Histology and Orthodontics. His textbook "Dental Histology and Embryology" (Noyes, 1912) was published in nine editions and set the standard for early American histology education. When he became Dean of the College of Dentistry in 1924, Noyes was known for his scholarly excellence and willingness to promote curricular innovation. While Noyes received much of his training at Northwestern University, a second line of influence shaped the College of Dentistry's oral anatomy/histology tradition through the University of Chicago, where future Dean Isaac Schour (1900–1964) earned his doctorate under the mentorship of University of Chicago physiologist Harry B. van Dyke (1895–1971) in Hyde Park's legendary Department of Anatomy. The University of Chicago's Anatomy Department counted among its faculty famous anatomists such as William Bloom (1899–1972), Robert R. Bensley (1867–1956), and Charles Judson Herrick (1868–1960). Van Dyke was known for his endocrinology studies and provided Schour with the jaws of hypophysectomized rats. For Schour, this was the beginning of a life-long interest in the relationship between the human body and the teeth. During Schour's tenure as Dean of the University of Illinois College of Dentistry (1955–1964), there was generous support for faculty and student research, and scholarship reached the zenith of its influence. A pivotal historical influence that set the stage for Chicago's Oral Biology legacy was the emigration of a group of Viennese physician-dentists with a specialized background in anatomy and pathology as a result of the Nazi prosecution of Jewish scientists and intellectuals. In the unique setting of pre-war Vienna, they established an environment at the interface between oral histopathology, development, anatomy, and clinical questions. TheViennese oral biology tradition grewunder thementorship of pre-eminent scientists at theVienneseMedical Faculty, including EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT 18:1, 3–6 (2016)


This article proposes a methodology for the study of Manichaeism in the Sermones ad populum. Sermons provide a unique perspective on Augustine's thought: they offered him the opportunity to share theological and ethical concerns with a responsive audience. Because his sermons have only recently been (re-)discovered as loci of Augustine's ideas, and because they constitute a specific genre within his oeuvre, the development of a method for studying them is in order. To illustrate the proposed method, the present contribution examines anti-Manichaean content in the Sermones ad populum by means of two key concepts. The first concept is that of crypto-Manichaeism. Although they do not refute Manichaeism in its totality, the sermons are regularly concerned with specific aspects of Manichaeism, such as those that were relevant to the sermon's liturgical occasion or those Augustine feared were attractive to his flock. Crypto-Manichaeism refers, on the one hand, to the tendency of Manichaeans to refrain from openly identifying themselves as such. After all, they considered themselves true Christians. Nor was Manichaeism the only movement in late antique Christianity that espoused dualistic beliefs, rejected bodily desires and material wealth, and criticized the Old Testament. Anti-Manichaean argument was therefore more broadly applicable than refutation of Manichaeism stricto sensu. Our attention to crypto-Manichaeism therefore does justice to the pastoral and exhortative function of Augustine's sermons. A second key concept is the perspective of the audience. The setting of each sermon is unique, the composition of audiences varied, and attendance no doubt fluctuated. Each sermon ought to be considered as its own literary and theological whole, hermeneutically influenced by its concrete Sitz im Leben (i.e., composition of the audience, time and place, liturgical setting, etc.). The audience's theology can be reconstructed in a bottom-up fashion, with each sermon supplying complementary and cumulative theological information that the audience could have gathered by participating in the liturgy. In this article we apply the proposed methodology to a group of four early anti-Manichaean sermons.


Like Kamath of ICICI Bank, there are well-known business leaders in India: Narayan Murthy in the IT industry, Sunil Mittal in Telecom, Kiran Mazumdar in Biotech, Ambani in Oil and natural gas and Rahul Bajaj, Anand Mahindra and Ratan Tata in Automobiles. In the previous chapters, we discussed the capabilities and the roles of these leaders in leading their respective organizations. Tulsi Tanti of suzlon has also shown his leadership qualities by growing very fast and becoming one of the largest players in the wind energy market in the world. For a leader, challenges and crisis keep on coming. The effectiveness of the leader lies in stearing their organization through these challenges and crises successfully. For instance, in the case of Tulsi Tanti, the present challenge is to turn around the company to survive. His true test of leadership is yet to be seen. Exhibit 29.1 presents the challenges Suzlon is currently facing. It is the leader of an organization who makes things happen. The success or failure of an organization is, to a great extent, determined by the functioning of its leader. Top IT companies such as Infosys, Wipro and TCS are investing in leadership training and personality development of their employees. These investments are of three general categories: assigning people such tasks as would enable them to learn leadership qualities, offering assistance through coaching and mentoring and conducting formal leadership assessment and training programmes 1 for employees. This chapter focuses on the following points: 'What makes leaders different from non-leaders?'; 'What is the most efficient style of leadership?' and 'What can make a person a good leader?'