Drawing insights from the theory of planned behaviour, this study examined the determinants of consumer support for cause-related marketing (CRM) across companies with either positive or negative corporate social responsibility (CSR) reputations. With the use of online experimental data (n = 311 college students), similarities and differences in the relationships between the determinants were discussed across two prior CSR reputations. For companies with positive CSR reputations, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (PBC) appeared to have positive relationships with purchase intention. For companies with negative CSR reputations, attitude towards CRM, subjective norm, and PBC appeared to have positive relationships with purchase intention. For companies with both CSR reputations, affect towards CRM support was not found to be related to purchase intention. Subsequently, purchase intention turned out to influence the development of favourable brand image for companies with both positive and negative CSR reputations. Overall, these findings shed light on the potential that controversial companies with prior negative reputations can restore and enhance their brand image by employing CRM initiatives. Theoretical and managerial implications were discussed.


PURPOSE: To provide a method for selectively forming a metallic pattern on a substrate. CONSTITUTION: A substrate 10 coated with photoresist 11 is prepared. The photoresist coat is imaged by pattern type radiating exposure and development. Flood exposure for the photoresist coat is executed by activated radiation. An electroless plating catalyst 16 is added to the whole imaged photoresist coat and the substrate exposed and arranged on the lower part. The top surface of the photoresist coat catalized by flood exposure is removed, the plating catalyst 16 is held at a required selective pattern and then a metal 18 is stacked on the catalyzed surface to form a metal stack on the selective pattern. Thus a circuit pattern is formed. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus of the embodiment includes an imaging unit and a calculation unit. Calculation means by analyzing image data of a plurality of a plurality of different inversion time inversion recovery method corresponding to the subject one or a plurality of magnetic resonance signals, thereby calculating the reversal time for imaging. Imaging means that the time for imaging of the inverted calculated based on the above-described method of forming the above-described inversion recovery. Further, a magnetic resonance imaging method of the embodiment has: a plurality of image data by analyzing a plurality of different inversion time inversion recovery method corresponding to the subject one or a plurality of magnetic resonance signals, thereby calculating the imaging step with the reversal time; and that the above-described imaging of the inverted time calculated based on the above-described image forming method of inversion recovery step.


We report measurements of the effective thermal conductance of a /sup 4/He film on glass substrates as a function of film thickness and applied thermal power. The experiments were performed on Pyrex substrates of two geometries: the ''bow-tie'' configuration of Maps and Hallock and a rectangular ribbon shape. On the superfluid side of the transition the relation ..delta..TproportionalQ/sup ..gamma../ is confirmed for both substrates. Geometry-dependent effects in the vicinity of the transition are briefly discussed.


Chloroacetaldehyde has been shown by microwave spectroscopy to exist in two conformations, one with the chlorine and oxygen atoms cis and the other with these two atoms trans. The rotational constants in the ground vibrational states are, for the cis form: A=15 189.90, B=3858.50, C=3135.55 MHz, and for the trans form: A=33 609.44, B=2693.64, and C=2549.46 MHz. The quadrupole coupling constants are, cis: χAA=−18.03, χBB=−18.20, and χCC=36.24 MHz and trans: χAA=−50.09, χBB=12.56, and χCC=37.53 MHz. For the trans form, six excited vibrational states for the torsion were assigned, and the unusual change in rotational constants with vibrational quantum number was attributed to a small bump in the potential function at the trans position.


Sepsis is a serious health problem because of high a risk of death. The use of prophylactic antibiotics has become standard procedure for the treatment of sepsis. Nevertheless, if the pattern of bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity is still not known, resistance to other bacteria will increase, leading to increased rates of infections. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the pattern of bacteria and their sensitivity to antibiotics in patients with sepsis in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar from January 2009 to December 2010. The research method used was an observational method with cross-sectional design. First, data were collected from the results of their culture and their sensitivity to antibiotics written in the medical records of those patients with sepsis in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar from January 2009 to December 2010. Second, the data collected were analyzed using statistical methods of frequency distribution. The results show that the sepsis patients were mostly above 40 years. Moreover, infections occurred were mostly caused by Gram negative bacteria (90.48%). The most bacteria found in sequence were Alkaligenes faecalis (30.16%), Escherichia coli (12.70%), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (12.70%) and Staphylococcus aureus (7.94%). Next, sensitivity test was conducted on 39 kinds of antimicrobials, 12 of which had high resistance percentage (above 75%). Those bacteria were mostly sensitive to Nitrofurantoin (83.33%). Thus, it can be concluded that the majority of bacteria found in sepsis are Alkaligenes faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter calcoaciticus. Those bacteria are still sensitive to Nitrofurantoins. Consequently, it is advisable to do research on pattern of bacteria and their sensitivity to antibiotics regularly.


We develop a fully quantum treatment of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a vapor of three-level $\Lambda$-type atoms. Both the probe and coupling lasers with arbitrary intensities are quantized, and treated on the same footing. In addition to reproducing known results on ultraslow pulse propagation at the lowest order in the ratio of their Rabi frequencies, our treatment uncovers that the atomic medium with EIT exhibits giant Kerr as well as higher order non-linearities. Enhancement of many orders of magnitude is predicted for higher-order refractive-index coefficients.


The present invention discloses a method for storing a system and method that has slipped through the first SCR NH3. In one example, NH3 is stored in the second SCR to the first SCR and released by desorption. The system and method may reduce consumption of NH3 and increasing use of NH3 in the exhaust system.


Discipline is a rudimental ingredient that plays a crucial role in a school system, which insists on upholding the moral values of students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of teachers' attitudes towards student's discipline in secondary schools in Murang'a East Sub-County. The specific objectives of the study were: to establish the determinants of students' indiscipline in secondary schools, determine whether teachers' attitudes towards students' gender affects discipline, analyse whether the type of school influences the teachers' attitude towards students' discipline and to establish the relationship between teachers' attitudes and students' discipline in secondary schools in Murang'a East Sub-County. The study employed the use of descriptive survey research design which is suitable for the study of behaviours and attitudes. A sample of 126 respondents was selected that included 54 teachers and 72 students representing a total population of approximately 540 teachers and 600 students. The survey tool was in form of a questionnaire and all analysis was done using SPSS. The study found that there is a significant relationship between teachers' attitudes and students' discipline in secondary schools in Murang'a East Sub-County. The study further established that teachers have prejudiced and discriminative beliefs on the students which may impact negatively on their discipline. The type of school as one of the category of variables investigated was not found to influence students' indiscipline. The study recommends that all the stakeholders should be involved in the development of a good attitude structure in secondary schools. It further recommends the need to have open forums between teachers and students so as to discuss their most immediate problems, regulate behaviour and rectify bad attitudes towards both the teachers and students. The study proposes further research with respect to other determinants that may affect students' discipline such as socio-cultural, socio-economic, class, race, length of stay of teachers in institutions of learning and the academic achievements of the students.


Too often, data regarding water consumption patterns of the users and the results from the meters metrological tests are stored in databases designed for other purposes. This way, calculations about the real performance of the meters are not easy or even possible. Furthermore, engineers have many different methods to obtain the real performance of the meters, being some of them not adequate. A software tool, Woltmann, specially designed to improve water meter management has been developed at the ITA in Valencia. One of the main features of the software is the standardization in the weighted error calculation that it provides. A free Lite version of it will be soon available for download which will help in making unbiased comparisons regarding apparent losses between different water companies.


This study aims to shed light on people's reasons to take part in collaborative consumption - a form of exchange that has been gaining popularity in recent years. Airbnb was used as an example of collaborative consumption. We tested whether perceiving Airbnb as sustainable, economically beneficial, or enjoyable will motivate people to use the service. In addition, the effects of personality on these three factors and using Airbnb were also analyzed. By analyzing personality and motivations together we aim to achieve a more holistic understanding of individuals' reasons for using Airbnb. Furthermore, the statistical approach applied in the study can be easily adapted and used to investigate other platforms for collaborative consumption. In the case of this study, personality did not affect people's intentions to use Airbnb, which suggest that the service is universally popular despite people's differences in personality dispositions. Economic benefits had the strongest influence on using Airbnb, asserting the importance of price for choosing the service. Perceiving Airbnb as sustainable also made people more likely to use it but this effect was smaller than the previous one. In line with these findings, it is likely that a focus on providing affordable accommodation will be beneficial for the company. Moreover, making Airbnb's advantage in terms of sustainability more salient might strengthen its motivational effect and even attract new clients.


We report a 17-year-old young man who was an epileptic since the age of 2 years. The patient was brought to the emergency medical ward with multiple episodes of seizures. The semiology of the seizures was right partial with secondary generalisation.

On taking the clinical history from the patient


The main objective of this paper is to enhance the power quality for grid interfaced Diesel Generation system under some non-linear load conditions using a DSTATCOM. For obtaining effective compensation characteristics the damping controller such as DSTATCOM is designed based on model control theory. In this paper a Fuzzy based DSTATCOM controller is designed and the results are compared with the conventional controllers. This Diesel Generation system is simulated in Matlab/Simulink for both conventional PI and Fuzzy controllers. The fuzzy controller reduces the damping and improves the total harmonic distortions than the PI controller. From the simulation results we can conclude that the Fuzzy based controller can effectively improve the THD than the PI controller and enhances the power quality.


Objective To explore the efficacy of modified electroconv-ulsive therapy(MECT) in the treatment of withdrawal reaction.Methods A total of 84 patients with withdrawal reaction were randomly divided into study group with MECT and contort group for heteropathy of 6days.They were assessed and analysed contrastively using self-made scale.Results In the second day,the total and factor scores of scales in the study group were significantly lower than before treatment(P0.05) and there was no difference in the control group(P0.05).In the sixth day,there were significant improvement in the study group and control group(P0.05).The total and factors scores of scales had significant differences between study group and control group(P0.05).Conclusion MECT is effective for treating patients with withdrawal reaction.No severe side effects was found in study group.


We present a new approach for deterministic BIST in which a reconfigurable interconnection network (RIN) is placed between the outputs of a pseudo-random pattern genera- tor and the scan inputs of the circuit under test (CUT). The RIN, which consists only of multiplexer switches, replaces the phase shifter that is typically used in pseudo-random BIST to reduce correlation between the test data bits that are fed into the scan chains. The connections between the LFSR and the scan chains can be dynamically changed (reconfigured) during a test session. In this way, the RIN is used to match the LFSR outputs to the test cubes in a deterministic test set. The control data bits used for re- configuration ensure that all the deterministic test cubes are em- bedded in the test patterns applied to the CUT. The proposed ap- proach requires very little hardware overhead, and fewer control bits compared to the storage required for reseeding techniques or for hybrid BIST. Moreover, as a non-intrusive BIST solution, it does not require any circuit redesign and has minimal impact on circuit performance.


In the more-than-half-century history of the "American Studies Summer Seminars" in Japan, there have been only several occasions in which religion was chosen as a discussion topic. Until this year, religion has never been the main theme. Among the Japanese researchers majoring in American studies, there are only a very few whose field of specialization is religion in the United States. Although most of the Japanese Americanists understand the importance of research in religion, as a matter of fact such research has not been sufficiently conducted. I would like to express my gratitude to Nanzan University, as a Catholic university, for taking the role as the host to the NASSS and making the decision to choose "America and Religions" as the inaugural annual theme. Religion in the United States has neither been seriously considered in the academic circles nor in the mass media in Japan. Only in recent years, however, did the Japanese researchers and journalists begin to realize how important the religious elements are not only in the domestic society and politics of the United States, especially in the presidential elections, in which the strength of the Christian Right enabled the victory of the Republican Party, but also in the field of diplomacy and foreign policies as were seen in the recent facts that President George W. Bush frequently used religious rhetoric after the 9.11 attacks to justify its 'war on terrorism' and the war in Iraq. The United States, the only world super power, to be compared with European states, could be said to be a "religious country" and bear a resemblance to Islamic world. We could see a special intention of the Executive Committee of the NASSS in that the annual theme of this year, "America and Religions," specifically uses the plural form, not a singular "religion." When we think about the religious characters in the United States, one of the remarkable aspects is the historical fact that the United States is the first country that declared the separation of church and state, or the denial of an official state religion so that they would guarantee the variety of religion and at the same time they could secure the national and societal unity under a civil religion beyond the differences of religions or religious sects. This could be applied not only to religious affairs. The trial of the "national unity through maximum tolerance of diversity" per se could be said the essence of what America is. Taking into consideration the recent trend of the researches in the field of


This paper discusses the writings of Marx on peasants, and argues that the characterisation of him as 'against' the peasant overlooks the central ambivalence in his theory. It considers Marx's relevant writings on Asia, Ancient Greece and Rome, European feudalism, and, more specifically, England, France and Russia, and attempts to account for the development of his views over time. The aim is to put the notorious epigrams and passages into the full context of his thought.


Histories of early modern medicine and generation have tended to overlook the place that miscarriage, infertility, false conception and uterine diseases had in medical knowledge and women's lives. By exploring English medical literature, casebooks, and letters, the study argues that a wide range of physical events, including miscarriage and false conception or mola, were experienced by women as a pregnancy, and then as the 'loss of pregnancy', or the loss of a potential infant. Early modern women often felt distress, grief and confusion at such losses, and medical practitioners formulated specific responses or treatments to these women's experiences of losses. Considering miscarriage, false conception and uterine masses through the concept of 'pregnancy loss' challenges current narratives about generation. It shows that at this time a variety of gestational experiences, such as non-foetal gravidities and miscarriage formed part of 'generation', alongside the conception and birth of living infants.


There has been a widespread appreciation on the part of both patients and surgeons that pain control following total knee replacement is an important goal. The concepts of both preemptive analgesia and multimodal pain protocols have become increasingly popular. In addition to these ideas, surgeons continue to utilise adjunctive treatments such as peripheral nerve blocks and periarticular injections. Multiple studies demonstrate the efficacy of these therapies. Several authors have published different "cocktails" for their periarticular injections in an attempt to help delineate which components of the cocktail are most important. In addition to deciding on a correct cocktail, how it is delivered is important. This video will demonstrate a technique that increases the likelihood that the injected solution is placed in the appropriate areas and does not simply bath the tissues. Important components of the technique include the use of a small gauge needle (22) and a control syringe to insure proper placement as well as an aim to target the injections into the periosteum of the femur and tibia and the posterior capsule primarily.


Published in association with the Ordnance Survey as part of the RECREATIONAL PATH GUIDES series, a walker's manual with information and advice about the Cotswold Way's 100 mile route and the places, such as Chipping Campden, Winchcombe and the Severn Valley, that it passes through before finishing in Bath.


The paper puts forward a new optimized pile-selected coil-location model which can raise the efficiency of coil-location.Many constraints are considered in the model,such as sale order,steel-grade,width and thickness of the coil,etc.


We investigated structural instability and polarization of BaTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattice under stress by using first-principles calculation. Our results show that stress induces lattice distortion and charge transfer between Ti atom and O atom. With stress increasing,atomic displacement in BaTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattice grows gradually,resulting in the enhancement of polarization. Furthermore,polarization of superlattice BaTiO3/SrTiO3 can be controlled by changing the stress.


The purpose of this paper is to determine the most appropriate pricing approach in order to gain customer satisfaction. For this purpose a random sample 369 of appliance consumers (LCD TV) have been chosen as the statistical society and the tool of study in the present research are questionnaires which includes 6 hypothesis. The variables for this matter are pricing approach with discount, high pricing approach, discrimination pricing, psychological pricing, influential pricing and commercial pricing. The data analysis shows that the only effective strategy for customer satisfaction is influential strategy.


As implied by the title this was the third of a series of international scientific events dealing with vacuum problems, which are held at various centres at intervals of three years. Previous conferences were arranged at Namur, Belgium in 1959, and at Washington, U.S.A. in 1962, and the third which is now reported, at Stuttgart. The next Congress, to be held in 1968, will take place in Great Britain and preparations are already well in hand.


Letter from J. D. Mitchell to A. H. Pierce regarding a matter of debt. Wolf Point Ranche, Texas. Shows format 10 with enclosed side vignette and enclosed curved lettering. Vignette shows bull, enclosed by thin decorative elements. Curved lettering enclosed by small flourishes, with bolder open lettering below. Alternate letterhead: e_ahpierce_048.


We report on the rare case of an axillary lymph node metastasis of an ovarian cancer 15 years after primary operation. To our knowledge this is one of the few cases without simultaneous metastatic disease of the breast. Therefore, it is supposed that direct metastatic spread from the peritoneal cavity to axillary lymph nodes is possible. Psammomatous calcification patterns are specific for ovarian carcinoma, and, in this case, led to correct radiological diagnosis preoperatively.


This study aimed to analyze the structural dynamics of tree species and to relate changes with edaphic conditions in the phytophysiognomies of cerrado stricto sensu (from 2010 to 2015), cerradao (from 2010 to 2015) and seasonal semideciduous forest (from 2011 to 2015) in Curvelo, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Forest inventories involved systematic sampling in 15 sample units (20 × 50m) in cerrado strict sensu (CSS), 10 sample units (20 × 50m) in cerradao (CD; CAS ≥ 15.7 cm) and 25 sample units (10 × 40m) in semideciduous seasonal forest (SSF; CAP ≥ 15.7 cm). Soil samples were collected in all sample units for the chemical and granulometric characterization. The number of individuals entering was lower than the total recruitment in all phytophysiognomies. Basal area in the final inventory of CSS was higher than initial basal area (23.675 - 25.845m 2 /ha), due to a significant increase in the surviving individuals. There were reductions in the basal area for DC (19.322 - 17.008 m 2 /ha) and SSF (28.183 - 28.148 m 2 /ha), due to high mortality rates. The mortality was higher for the first diametric classes in all three phytophysiognomies. Individual recruitment and diametric growth of survivors during post fire disturbance recovery was slow for CSS and CD. The number of individuals recovering during a 5-year interval could not be determined, however, without fire disturbance, the loss of individuals due to mortality and the recruitment of new individuals in FES were more balanced.


The features of professional preparation of future social workers are examined in the article. Outlined consisting of investigationalness of the noted theme of ploschoni of scientific secret services. Actuality and necessity of introduction of valeological aspect is marked in an educational process. The purpose of the article is a theoretical analysis of features of valeological direction of professional preparation of future social workers. Became the methods of achievement of the put purpose of the article: analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison. On the basis of the conducted analysis certain goal, task and directions of valeological direction of professional preparation of future social workers. Such directions are selected, as: actualization of valeological values is in the process of preparation of future social workers; forming of them valeological consciousness and stimulation of valeological activity. Key words: professional preparation, future social workers, university , valeological orientation of studies, purpose of studies, valeological activity.


Natural convection in a porous layer between two horizontal, concentric cylinders is investigated numerically by solving the 2‐D Darcy‐Boussinesq equations on a very fine grid. The parabolic‐elliptic system was solved by a second order finite difference scheme based on the implicit alternating direction method coupled with successive under relaxation. The calculations show that for radius ratios above 1.7, the functional relationship between the mean Nusselt number and the Rayleigh number exhibits a closed hysteresis loop associated with the transition from a two to a four cell flow pattern. For very small radius ratios, steady state regimes containing 2, 4, 6, and 8 cells are progressively obtained as the Rayleigh number is increased, but no hysteresis behaviour is observed. For a radius ratio of 2, the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Multi‐cellular regimes and hysteresis loops have also been reported in the literature for fluid annuli but some differences between the ...


Abstract A model in which burden self image (perception of self as a burden on one's caregiver) is a mediating variable between depressive symptoms and health status, financial resources, spirituality, reciprocal behavior, and appraisal of caregiver behavior among older chronically ill care recipients was proposed and tested. Data from 286 elders revealed that burden self image, reciprocal behavior, and gender had a direct effect on depressive symptoms. Burden self image was predicted by poorer health status, fewer financial resources, less spiritual activity, and negative appraisal of caregiver behavior. Increased spiritual activity, more financial resources, better health status, and younger age predicted increased reciprocal behavior. The model accounted for 46% of the variance in depressive symptom scores.


Technical terms are the main carrier of information in science and technology,and thus play a special role in the development of science and technology.A lot of synonym terms hinder the interflow of science and technology,and affect the progress of cooperation and exchange.Naming by different principles is the main reason for the coexistence of synonymous terms.Therefore,naming principles have a guiding function in translation practice.In China,free translation has traditionally been the main method of naming, but it leaves much for inquiry.An analysis of the present and past naming terms has shown that transliteration has an obvious advantage as a naming principle.


Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan province, China. SARS-CoV-2 causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has an essential role as a receptor in the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells. It has been declared, ACE2 expresses in the lungs, heart, kidneys, placenta, and liver. This study reviews the liver's markers' characteristics in patients with COVID-19 to achieve novel insights in improving clinical treatment. Liver disease and chronic kidney disease patients are susceptible to COVID-19. There is limited information about the effects of SARS-COV-2 on patients with preexisting liver associated disorders, including chronic hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus, primary biliary cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and more are yet to be understood. By considering conducted studies in this manner since ACE2 receptors, which are the primary receptors for SRAS-CoV-2, exist on the liver and lungs, heart, kidneys, and placenta, SRAS-CoV-2 can infect liver cells too. Consequently, this infection will have resulted in liver function tests' escalated levels and total bilirubin as biochemical biomarkers. Further investigations need to be done to point out the hepatic manifestations of COVID-19's infected patients with chronic liver disease and improve clinical management and more stringent preventive measures for this type of infected patients.


The paper is concerned with different classes of nonlinear Klein–Gordon and telegraph type equations with variable coefficients c(x)utt + d(x)ut = [a(x)ux]x + b(x)ux + p(x) f (u), where f (u) is an arbitrary function. We seek exact solutions to these equations by the direct method of symmetry reductions using the composition of functions u = U (z) with z = φ (x, t). We show that f (u) and any four of the five functional coefficients a(x), b(x), c(x), d(x), and p(x) in such equations can be set arbitrarily, while the remaining coefficient can be expressed in terms of the others. The study investigates the properties and finds some solutions of the overdetermined system of PDEs for φ (x, t). Examples of specific equations with new exact functional separable solutions are given. In addition, the study presents some generalized traveling wave solutions to more complex, nonlinear Klein–Gordon and telegraph type equations with delay.


This paper presents a results of experiment of a correcting for the spherical harmonic coefficients of the EGM2008 based on detailed gravity anomalies data in an area of the North Vietnam with purpose of solving problem "Fill-in" to increase an accuracy of global quasigeoid heights determined from the EGM2008. On base of perfection of Colombo's method with purpose of the correcting for the spherical harmonic coefficients of the EGM2008 on ellipsoid, authors had created software for accomplishing of above mentioned task. The results of experiment carried out with 2006 detailed gravimetric points in an area of the North Vietnam show that a gravity anomalies calculated from the corrected EGM2008 are more near to a ground based gravity anomalies in experimental region. Obtained results allow to orient an usage of the detailed gravity data for construction of highly accurate national quasigeoid model in Vietnam in the future.


Ferguson-Lees, J. and Christie, D. A. (2001) Raptors of the world. New York: Houghton Mifflin. Holmes, D. A. (1996) Sumatra bird report. Kukila 8: 9–56. Holmes, D. and S. Nash. (1999) Burung-burung di Sumatra dan kalimantan. Jakarta: LIPI and BirdLife International Indonesia Programme [In Indonesian]. Holmes, D. A. and Noor, Y. R. (1995) Discovery of waterbird colonies in north Lampung, Sumatra. Kukila 7: 121–128. Kukila (2000) The birds of Indonesia. Kukila checklist no. 1: additions, corrections and notes 2. Kukila 11: 3–12. MacKinnon, J., Phillipps, K. and van Balen, B. (1998) Burungburung di Sumatra, Jawa, Bali dan Kalimantan. Jakarta: Puslitbang Biologi LIPI and BirdLife International Indonesia Programme. Marchant, J., Prater, T. and Hayman, P. (1986) Shorebirds: an identification guide to the waders of the world. London: Christopher Helm. van Marle, J. G. and Voous, K. H (1988) The birds of Sumatra: an annotated check-list. Tring, U.K.: British Ornithologists' Union (Check-list 10). Nash, S.V. and Nash, A. D. (1985) A checklist of the forest and forest edge birds of the Padang-Sugihan Wildlife Reserve, South Sumatra. Kukila 2: 51–59. Ollington, R. F. and Parish, D. (1989) Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes in Sumatra: new to S.E. Asia. Kukila 4: 1–2. Parrot, S. and Andrew, P. (1996) An annotated checklist of the birds of Way Kambas National Park, Sumatra. Kukila 8: 57–85. Robson, C. (2000) A field guide to the birds of South-East Asia. London: New Holland. Sonobe, K. and Usui, S. (1993) A field guide to the waterbirds of Asia. Tokyo: Wild Bird Society of Japan. Verheugt, W. J. M., Skov, H., Danielsen, F., Suwarman, U., Kadarisman, R. and Purwoko, A. (1993) Notes on the birds of the tidal lowlands and floodplains of South Sumatra province, Indonesia. Kukila 6: 53–84.


In this research, we present a discrete version of cat swarm optimization that is used to build an optimization model based on support vector machines (SVM). This model is undertaken to select the best transformer tests that can be utilized to classify transformer health index into three categories; thus, improving the reliability of identifying the transformer condition within the power system. The performance of the binary cat swarm optimization is compared to binary particle swarm optimization technique, and results show that the binary cat swarm optimization based SVM model is capable of obtaining an improved and reliable classification results with a reduced number of transformer tests utilized as inputs.


Scholars have long debated the efficacy of social media in facilitating offline collective action. This research seeks to fill a gap in that literature by examining the role of social ties in determining intention to participate in different types of collective action. Survey findings show that aspects of tie strength—reciprocity, duration, and affect—have different impact on intention to participate in high- and low-cost political actions. Findings from this study have theoretical implication for the field as well as practical implication for social movement organizers seeking to mobilize supporters using social media.


Beck suggested that texture segmentation is based upon differences in the first-order statistics of stimulus features such as orientation, size, and contrast. However, this theory does not indicate how these differences might be quantified, or what properties of the statistics might be used. Some alternative models postulate that texture segmentation is determined by the responses of spatial-frequency channels, where the channels contain both a linear filtering mechanism and various nonlinearities. Such models do a good job of predicting human performance, but do not give us much insight into what textures will segment, since the comparison carried out by the model is often obscured by the details of the filtering, nonlinearity, and image-based decision processes. It is suggested here that, for orientation-defined textures (eg in which each 'texel' has a single orientation), segmentation is well-described by something like the 'significance' of the differences between (1) the mean orientations, and (2) the angular variances of the two textures. The 'significance' of the difference in means takes into account the variability in the texture, so that two homogeneous textures with means differing by 30° may easily segment, while two heterogeneous textures with the same difference in mean may not. Furthermore, it is shown that these statistics may be computed in a biologically plausible way, which greatly resembles the typical filter-based approaches to texture segmentation. Thus the connection between statistical theories of texture segmentation and spatial-frequency channel models becomes more transparent.


PURPOSE: A frame structure for OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) communication system and a modulator/demodulator using dispersed pilot sub channel of the same are provided to easily equalize frame data by applying a channel estimation mode using a pilot sub channel dispersed in a data symbol. CONSTITUTION: A synchronizing symbol detects a frame starting. An OFDM symbol has a shape in which a data sub carrier wave and a pilot sub carrier wave are assigned alternately. An equalizer assigns a reference pilot signal to represent for all sub channels in a frame, extracts a phase transformed from the received OFDM symbol into the reference pilot signal of the pilot sub carrier wave, and estimates a channel of OFDM symbol through an interpolation.


Take into account a symmetric multivariate Gaussian source with ` components, which are corrupted by independent and identically distributed Gaussian noises; these noisy components are compressed at a certain rate, and the compressed version is leveraged to reconstruct the source subject to a mean squared error distortion constraint. We analyze rate-distortion performance for both centralized encoding (where the noisy source components are jointly compressed) and distributed encoding (where the noisy source components are separately compressed). Among other things, it is indicated that the gap between the rate-distortion functions associated with these two scenarios admits a simple characterization in the large ` limit.[1]


Chairperson: Neva Hassanein Co-Chairperson: Tom Roy Co-Chairperson: Darrell Stolle In the mid-1990s, juvenile courts began establishing youth drug courts that blended the principles of restorative justice and the philosophy of therapeutic jurisprudence in an attempt to process juvenile drug offenders in a way that emphasizes rehabilitation of the offenders and restoration to the community. Over recent decades, wilderness therapy programs and horticultural therapy programs have become popular as alternative approaches for treating adjudicated and/or "at-risk" youth. The Youth Harvest program, which operates in conjunction with the Missoula Youth Drug Court, is a unique, therapeutic program that blends the goals of National Drug Courts and the principles of restorative justice with elements of both wilderness therapy programs and horticultural therapy programs. Through qualitative research, I have explored the goals and characteristics of Youth Harvest. The study, which began in the summer of 2008 and concluded in December of 2009, included in-depth interviews with program managers and program participants, a photovoice project, and participant observation of the program's operation. By way of these research methods, I have determined that Youth Harvest is an experiential therapeutic program that offers benefits to its primary participants and to wider community members alike. I have identified the goals and intentions of the program as well as the individual "therapeutic factors" that, altogether, create the experience in which the therapy is embedded. I have concluded that Youth Harvest can serve as a valuable example of a unique way of trying to reach and serve adolescents in need. Due to the limited size of the study group (five adults, four adolescent participants), this research project was intended only to determine the goals and intentions of the program, from the perspective of its adult coordinators, to establish an understanding of what the Youth Harvest experience entails, and to provide a profile of several youths' responses to participation in the program. It is exploratory in nature and offers recommendations for improvement within the program, as well as ideas for future research.


This paper describes how to use so called "mobile processors" designed for tablet computers and smartphones in industrial designs. Various suppliers offer computer modules with extended temperature range, based on processors powering smart phones or tablets such that these devices may also be used in industrial applications. The module suppliers act also as the interface between the processor manufacturer and industrial user by supplying drivers and board support packages.


Using the daily air temperature and weather observations in Jining general weather station from 1970 to 2013,the air temperature trend was analyzed by linear trend estimate;the stability of daily temperature was investigated through linear interpolation analysis;the first date of 12℃,16℃and the end date of 16℃,18℃,and the first data and end date of frost,the crop trends of climate variables in Jining in recent 10 years were studied by 5arunning mean,to provide scientific reference for Jining agricultural production.The results showed that the annual temperature increased obviously in Jining. The temperature increased significantly in fluctuation in winter,summer and fall,but the trend was small in summer.The temperature rise was mainly due to the lowest temperature rise.The warm winter had been a serious problem since 1994.The end date of frost brought forward but the first date brought backward.The days of non-frost increased.The crop of spring seeding date brought forward and fall seeding backward.The crop growth and development,cropping systems and production in Jining City changed significantly due to climate warming and significant change.


BACKGROUND Egg development has unique features that render it vulnerable to environmental perturbation. The herbicide atrazine is an endocrine disruptor shown to have detrimental effects on reproduction across a number of vertebrate species. OBJECTIVES To determine whether exposure to low levels of atrazine impairs meiosis in female mammals using a mouse model; in particular, whether and how the fidelity of oocyte chromosome segregation is affected, and whether the aging-related aneuploidy is exacerbated. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to two levels of atrazine in drinking water, with the lower level corresponding to detected environmental contamination. To model exposure during development, atrazine was ingested by pregnant females at 0.5 days post coitum and continued until pups were weaned at 21 days post-partum. For adult exposure, 2-month-old females ingested atrazine for 3 months. For each exposure group, various indicators of oocyte quality were determined, including developmental capacity and chromosomal abnormalities during the two meiotic divisions. RESULTS Developmental exposure caused only minor effects on the fetal events of meiotic prophase-I and establishment of initial follicle pools. However, ovulation was enhanced while oocyte quality was significantly reduced. At the chromosome level, misalignment and numerical and structural abnormalities were increased at both meiotic divisions. Furthermore, fertilization efficiency was impaired in vitro, and apoptosis was elevated in blastocysts derived from the eggs of atrazine-exposed females. Similar levels of chromosomal defects were seen in oocytes following both developmental and adult exposure regimens suggesting that quiescent primordial follicles may be the consequential targets of atrazine. Importantly, defects were observed long after exposure was terminated. Moreover, dramatic increases in chromosomally abnormal oocytes were seen in older mice indicating that atrazine exposure during development exacerbates the effects of maternal aging on oocyte quality. Indeed, analogous to the effects of maternal age, atrazine exposure resulted in weakened cohesion between sister chromatids. CONCLUSION Low-level atrazine exposure causes persistent changes to the female mammalian germline with potential consequences for reproductive lifespan and congenital disease.


The isostructural title compounds were synthesized by arc-melting of stoichiometric ratios of ZrP, Zr, and Co and Ni, respectively, and subsequent annealing at 1450 °C. Their crystal structure (space group P4/mbm; Zr9Co2P4, a = 12.1200(6) A, c = 3.6158(4) A, V = 531.37(7) A3, Z = 2; Zr9Ni2P4, a = 12.0862(2) A, c = 3.6435(3) A, V = 532.23(5) A3, Z = 2) is derived from a three-dimensional network of Zr6 octahedra. These octahedra are connected via common vertices to form chains parallel to the c axis and via common edges and vertices in the ab plane, resulting in one double chain and one single chain. Both kinds of the interstitial atoms, the iron-group-metal atom and the phosphorus, are situated in trigonal prismatic holes between these chains, forming short M−P and M−M' bonds. These octahedra can be described as being of the M6X8 cluster type as is also observed in the chalcogenide Chevrel phases. Due to the electronically nonsaturated character of the Zr octahedra and their three-dimensional connectivity...


In "States and Social Revolutions: A comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China (1979), Theda Skocpol presents a comparative-historical analysis of social revolutions by looking beyond the existing social-scientific theories that explain the causes and outcomes of successful revolutions. Skocpol presents a contrast to the prevalent theories of social revolutions from a comparative historical analysis by presenting valid associations of potential causes within a given phenomenon. The author focuses on the structuralists'- perspectives to the causes of social revolutions in agrarian society with intense focus on the influence of transnational relations in the emergence of social-revolutionary crises that lead to basic social-structural transformations and the collapse of state organizations of old regimes.


With the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for tourism is increasing. In order to meet the personalized tourism needs of tourists, the construction of intelligent tourism system has been widely concerned. Based on the latest research results of mobile internet and artificial intelligence, a construction scheme of intelligent tourism system has been proposed. With the system given, tourists can realize the purpose of independent tour just with a smart phone, which can solve the problem of the lack of flexibility of artificial guide or two-dimensional code guide. The research results have certain theoretical significance and application value.


o the student of Egypt's ancient history, the pervasive influence of the army in the country's current politics comes as no surprise. Throughout the pharaonic era, from the foundation of the Egyptian state (ca. 3000 B.C.) to its absorption into the Roman Empire (30 B.C.), military might played a role at least as important as hereditary succession in determining who ruled the Nile Valley. The first king of the First Dynasty, Narmer, won his throne by force and proclaimed his victory in a great commemorative stone palette decorated with scenes of military victory. Celebrated as Egypt's founding document, the Narmer Palette stands today in the entrance of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo's Tahrir Square, just yards from the site of the popular uprising that recently unseated President Hosni Mubarak.


Due to the properties of high tensile strength and impact strength,leakproof,acid and alkali resistence,heat resistance,weathering resistance and abrasion resistance,leakproof geomembrance has found various applications in building industry.Meanwhile,the geomembrance is widely used in the constructions for river bed,dams,reservoirs,watertunnels,highways,railways,airports,underground and anderwater etc.The geomembrance has become an important material in the mational economic construction.The production technique of leakproof geomembrane is introduced.


Abstract : This case study examines the unappreciated role played by Joint Task Force-Bravo in accomplishing the national strategic security objectives for Honduras and the Central American region beginning in the 198Os through present day operations. United States national security objectives were to contain communism in the region and to reestablish and maintain stability, establish and support democratic governments, and to develop and sustain economic development. The ways to accomplish these ends involved a combined use of diplomatic, economic, and military instruments of power. The military means employed was the creation of Joint Task Force-Bravo. The joint task force achieved the regional stability objective through multinational exercises, training of the Honduran and other Central American militaries, and operations which kept the Honduran borders secure from Nicaraguan attacks and conducted counterinsurgency operations securing Honduran internal control and stability. JTF-B assisted in the development of a democratic government through its military-to- military contacts and supported the potential for Honduran economic development by assisting in the development and improvement of its infrastructure. The military operations other than war conducted by the joint task force were so successful that they should serve as the blue print for future military operations to be employed in similar circumstances'.


Plant phenology relates strongly to primary productivity and the energy that enters into ecological food webs, and thus is vital in understanding ecosystem function and the effects of climate and climate change. The manual collection of phenological data is labor-intensive and not easily scalable, thus the ability to quantify leaf flush and other parameters at many locations requires innovative new methodologies such as the use of visible light digital cameras. Improved imaging performance was obtained by using a cabled, mobile camera system that allowed a repeated image census of branches of Rhododendron occidentale in the understory along a 30 m transect during leaf flush. Automatic division of acquired images into areas of interest (leaves) and background for calculating leaf area was accomplished by thresholding images in different color spaces. Transformation of the color space into the hue, saturation, and luminance (HSL) color space before thresholding resulted in a mean RMS error of 21.2 cm2 compared to hand-counts of leaf area. Thresholding in the native red, green, and blue (RGB) color space to isolate leaves resulted in a larger error, as did using algebraic combinations of the color components or color ratios. Relating physiological function to images, as for sap flow for branches of R. occidentale, indicates that the greening and calculated leaf area of a species as detected by imagers requires additional meteorological sensor data


This chapter continues the evaluation of ideas about property amongst feminists. Feminists have always been concerned with questions of the (female) body and who owns it. I begin by outlining two sharply contrasting views of this relationship. Cecile Fabre argues that, once sufficiency has been secured for all, women should be free to use (and sell) their bodies as they see fit. By contrast, Carole Pateman argues that seeing women's relationship to their own bodies in contractual terms will always disadvantage them over against men who have already set the terms of exchange in their prior agreement (amongst themselves) of a Sexual Contract (of access to women's bodies). I follow through the consequences of these opposing view in three key policy areas much discussed in recent feminist work: prostitution, pornography, and surrogacy. I focus on the work of Donna Dickenson and Anne Phillips. Finally, I turn to the radical utopian alternative posed in Sophie Lewis's Full Surrogacy Now.


BIRDY is a 3-Unit CubeSat that is piggy-backed on a host mission to Mars and jettisoned at the beginning of the journey. Then it operates in full autonomy: no assistance, no communication but a beacon signal. The mission profile is a new contribution in Space Weather monitoring and an opportunity to assess the risks in the manned missions to Mars. It counts energetic particles in the maximum range 1 MeV/nucleon to 1 GeV/nucleon. The ground segment prepares a finetuned trajectory to be stored on-board, on the basis of the planed trajectory of the host mission that provides the main delta-V but not the ideal path. It makes the CubeSat compatible with almost all missions going to Mars. During the cruise, the CubeSat relies on an optical planet tracking system to locate itself and on small electrical thrusters to adapt its trajectory and perform the exact flyby at Mars that permits to come back to the Earth. The science data are collected all along the journey and only uploaded once in Mars' vicinity to one of the existing Martian orbiters or rovers, and once at the arrival back to the Earth. More widely than its own scientific mission, BIRDY demonstrates a new way to gather data from distant locations in the solar system. The project is an educational space mission, essentially leaded and designed by students from different educational levels in France and in Taiwan.


The invention proposes a switch (20) electrical multi-way switching comprising: - a top panel (24) horizontal on the top face (24s) of which a pointing element is able to come into contact; - an armature (22) support - means (26) contact point of the location of the pointing element on the upper horizontal face (24s) of the upper panel (24) which comprise a plurality of switches (28) which are arranged electrical on the armature (22) of material, which are adapted to be selectively actuated by the upper panel (24), characterized in that the switches (28) are distributed over the armature (22) support so as to divide the upper face (24s) of the upper horizontal panel (24) into a plurality of contact areas (44), the number of contact areas (44) exceeds the number of switch (28).


Discharges from spontaneous combustion within a large open-pit coal mine which occur during nighttime inversion conditions may result in stagnant accumulation of smoke and dangerous gases which could inhibit mining operations. A wind-tunnel model study was performed to identify the range of flow and mixing conditions which could exist when stably stratified atmospheric surface flows pass over a large open pit or basin. A novel arrangements to create stratified flows in large wind tunnels using distributed electrical heaters and an inverted ground plane to simulate night time inversions was employed. Flow penetration into the basin depended upon approach flow stability (Froude number) and the strength of thermal inversion within the basin. Measurements of wind speed and temperature were made upwind, within, and downwind of the basin. Concentration measurements were made within the basin of surface sources released along basin walls. Pollutant levels were found to be strong functions of the approach flow basin Froude number, source location, and release time.


Based on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) technology, following the IEC 61968 standards, This paper presents a program of building Distribution System of Information Exchange Bus (IEB); Study on the integration strategy of the Tianjin Eco Park Distribution Automation System (DAS), Dispatching Automation System, Production Management system and Geographic Information System (GIS) etc.; The information exchange between various systems and the specific processes on outage management application rely on the IEB bus was also presented.


I then registered as a private candidate but again I stillmissed the required mark. The quality of a good certificate became apparent as I was seeking for employment. I landed a job as an untrained teacher and rose through the ranks. In four years time, I had become the Head of Englishand Literature Department and had started a drama Club. Iwon the District Inter-Secondary Schools' Trophy and was nominated the Executive Secretary to the DistrictSecondary Schools' Drama Association


The issued quantity of a periodical is the base on which the periodical relies for existence. The basic conditions of agricultural technical periodicals in our country and the present situation of the competition in issuing the periodicals were analyzed through statistical data and the comparison between them. The present situation of issuing the Edible Fungi periodical was analyzed, some problems were revealed and some countermeasures to increase the issued quantity were put forward, which could be used as a reference for the same trade.


Artemisinin, a potent antimalarial sesquiterpene endoperoxide. From the leave parts of the medicinal plant Artemisia sacforum, Ledeb were investigated artemisinin by chromatography. The result were compared with standard artemisinin.


Current Notes on Chemirstry.-III. Charles Platt, Ph. D., F. C. S....................... Notes and News.................................. Collection of Mexican Maguey Paintings. V.. Ring Pheasant. A. G. Prill, M. D1........... The Bendigo Goldfiell. T. S. Hall, M. A....... The Marine Tertiaries of Australia. T. S. Hall. The Scientific Man on the Farm. Charles B. Cook ...................... The Eccentricities of a P.ir of Robins. Olive Thorne Miller............................... Biological Notes from New Zealand IT. Gco. M. Thomson ................................. The American Folk Lore Society. . V....... Somle Remarks on the Kinetic Theory of Gases. S. Tolver Preston........................... Discovery of Another Ancient Ar-gillite Quarry in the Delaware Valley. IT. C. Merc Cr... Book Reviews.................................... Letters to the Editor.


Background: Children sex preferences may have significant effects in fertility behavior which is an influential component of population dynamics and could control the population size, structure, and composition. One of the core concerns of researches and policy makers is to study these determinants. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to investigate Iranian women's sex preference and its highly influential factors through applying Classification & Regression Trees algorithm as a practical classification method. Materials: A cross-sectional study during 2014 was conducted to collect demographical data of 1250 Iranian women in age 15-49. To classify sex preferences for children, age, educational level, place of residence, and difference number of siblings for women, were nominated as predictors. Results: 71 percentages of women's sex preference have been classified correctly (the accuracy of the model=0.71). In extracted decision tree, women's age, educational level and difference number of siblings were significant. One of the vital results indicated that educated Iranian women in different age cohorts are in favor of having girls. Conclusions: Classification & Regression Trees is an effective and easy to interpret non-parametric method which builds classification tree for predicting dependent variables.


This purpose of this research was 1) know wheter there was a correlattion between the reading interest and the competency of reading comprehension; 2) knowing whether there was a correlattion between the diction mastery and the competency of reading comprehension; 3) knowing whether there was a correlation between both the reading interest and the diction mastery toghether with the competency of reading comprehension.The research was a quantitative survey correlational study. The population of this research was all the students of government elementary school at grade 4 TH in kartasura for about 39 schools. The sample of this research was taken with simple random sampling technique.  Five elementary schools was used as the sample by taking the whole students of grade 4 of each government elementary school with the total amount of the students is 110 students.The data was collected through the test instrument in the form of objective choice for the variable of the competency of reading comprehension and also the diction mastery. It was also collected through the questionnaire for the variable of reading interest given to the students. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that there was a significant correlation between the reading interest and the competency of reading comprehension r y1 (0.60034), the coefficient of the correlation was tested with the t test, the result t count (7.8011)> t table (1.9822) showing a significant correlation between the diction mastery and the competency of reading comprehension r y2 (0.794),, the coefficient of the correlation was tested with the t test, the result t count (13.5745)> t table (1.982)showing a significant correlation  between both  the reading interest and the diction mastery with the competency of reading comprehension ry12 for about 0,815. The coefficient of significance with the F test obtained F count = 106.00131 real level a = 0.05, with df =107 obtained F table = 3.081 then F count > F table .


The essence of the relationship between political elites and economic elites is the outward manifestation of the performance of the core of the state-business relations,it also reflects the relationship between the government and the market.Since China carried out the Reform and Opening up policy,China transformed from planned economy to the socialist market economy system,and sprung out a number of emerging economic elites.The relationship between political elites and economic elites are as follows.The political elites are important influencing factor,so are the economic elites.On one hand,economic elites are independent,however,they also have a certain degree of dependence.This contradictory state is due to both the imperfect market mechanisms in the transition process of the socialist market economy and also the economic elites' congenital underdevelopment.


In recent years there has been a significant interest in the understanding of damage processes of DNA, also induced by low energy electrons. It has been suggested that ionizing radiation releases a large number of secondary electrons in cells. These electrons achieve kinetic energies in the range of up to few of tens of eV [1, 2]. In this energy regime electron ionization and electron attachment processes may cause chemical transformation of biological matter. The studies by Sanche and co-workers [3, 4] demonstrated that these low energy electrons can induce single and double strand breaks in a film of plasmid DNA upon dissociative electron attachment (DEA). In DEA an electron attaches resonantly and the transient negative ion formed may decay via dissociation of the molecule. This dissociation can be fast and often has only spontaneous electron emission as competitive channel. A large number of studies on electron ionization respectively electron attachment to various simple biomolecules (e.g. DNA bases, sugars, amino acids) in the gas phase have been carried out [5, 6]. Thereby, it turned out that biomolecules often substantially decompose upon electron collisions. In addition, DEA is a very bond and site selective process, i.e. only certain bonds are cleaved in a molecule after capture of an electron with specific kinetic energy [7]. However, for applications in radiotherapy it is highly important to understand how the fragmentation process of biomolecules is modified by surrounding environment. For example, it was shown that electron attachment to nucleobases embedded in helium droplets is strongly modified in terms of the molecular fragmentation pattern compared to the isolated molecule [8, 9]. In this case extensive and slow fragmentation processes have been quenched effectively in the droplet, while direct dissociations via repulsive potential energy surface upon DEA remain. The studies with doped helium droplets represent a very first approach to investigate the effect of environment. Therefore, in the present study we use clusters of water (the main component of living cells) as a more realistic environment to study electron interaction with a biomolecule when the biomolecule is placed in a water cluster. In order to understand the influence of the water matrix on electron ionization/DEA to a biomolecule we recently developed a new cluster source. Details on development, implementation and first results of electron induced reactions in pure water clusters and mixed nucleobase/water clusters will be presented.


Surg. Gynec. & Obst., 3 1:111-13 1, August 1920. 14. D e l a f i e l d , F r a n c i s , and P r u d d e n , T. M .: Text-Book of Pathology. Ed. 11. Balti more: William Wood and Company, 1919, p. 1056. 15. T h o m a , K . H. : Clinical Pathology of Jaws. Springfield, 111.: Charles C. Thomas, 1934, P130. 16. U n g e r m a n , M. D .; V i c a r y , W. H., and E l d r i d g e , W. W .: Luetic Osteitis Simulating Malignant Disease. Am. ] . Roentgenol.-, 4 0 : 224, August 1938. 17. Late Prenatal Syphilis with Special Reference to Interstitial Keratitis: Its Pre vention and Treatment. Reprint 64, Vol. 18, 1937. (U . S. Public Health Service Bull.) 18. H u t c h i n s o n , J .: Influence of Heredi tary Syphilis on Teeth. Lancet, 9:449; 10 : 187, 1856. 19. Idem : Heredito-Syphilitic Stigmata on Teeth as Means of Diagnosis. Brit. M . ] ., 1:515, 1861. 20. K a r n o s h , L. J .: Histopathology of Syphilitic Hypoplasia of Teeth. Arch. Dermat. & Syph., 13 :26, January 1926.


Objective To compare the efficacy and effect-cost ratio between citalopram and armitpriptyline in the treatment of depression. Methods 30 depression patients were treated with citalopram and other 30 patients with armitpriptyline. The effect and side effects were assessed with HAMD and TESS, and the cost was contrasted. Results The cost and effect had no significant difference between the two groups, but the difference of side effects was significant. Conclusion A citalopram was similar with armitpriptyline on the effect and cost, but it was safer and more suitable for the longterm treatment.


The present study examined the performance of a group of children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) in National Curriculum Key Stage 2 (KS2) assessments of key curricular subjects. One hundred children (86 boys and 14 girls), who previously had all been in full-time attendance at specialist provision in the form of language units, participated in the study. The sample of participants were recruited in their final year of primary school education (year 6) and were divided into two groups, matched for ability, defined by the nature of their current educational placement. The Mainstream Education group comprised 50 children attending mainstream education with or without some level of additional support. The Special Education group consisted of 50 children attending special education in the form of either a language unit, a language school, or a special school. Participants' performance in the National Curriculum KS2 assessments was measured, together with an examination of assessment procedures concerning the application of special testing arrangements. It was found that participants performed poorly relative to national levels of expectation and achievement across the curricular subjects of English, mathematics and science in both KS2 tests and teacher assessments. The Mainstream Education group of participants was found to perform significantly better than the Special Education group in the mathematics and science tests. Furthermore, special arrangements were made for a large number of participants who did take the tests.


Statistical methods for detecting bias in global positioning system (GPS) error are presented and applied to imagery collected using three common unmanned aerial systems (UASs). Imagery processed without ground control points (GCPs)
 had horizontal errors of 1.0–2.5 m; however, the errors had unequal variances, significant directional bias, and did not conform to the expected statistical distribution and so should be considered unreliable. When GCPswere used, horizontal errors decreased
 to less than 5 cm, and the errors had equal variances, directional uniformity, and they conformed to the expected distribution. The analysis identified a longitudinal bias in some of the reference data, which were subsequently excluded from the analysis. Had these data been retained, the estimates
 of positional accuracy would have been unreliable and inaccurate. These results strongly suggest that examining GPS data for bias should be a much more common practice.


The abnormalities of pulmonary arterial blood supply in mitral stenosis, consisting primarily of constriction of lower lobe vessels with resultant upper lobe preferential flow, was assessed by means of pulmonary angiography in 30 patients with mitral stenosis uncomplicated by other cardiac diseases. The abnormalities in blood flow correlated best with both the pulmonay artery pressure and the pulmonary arteriolar resistance, and only reasonably well with the area of the mitral valve and the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. It is suggested that the reversal of the normal lower lung field preferential blood flow in mitral stenosis is primarily a function of pulmonary artery hypertension due to increased pulmonary arteriolar resistance.Similarly, the width of the right main pulmonary artery as measured on pulmonary angiograms correlated well with both the pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary arteriolar resistance and less well with the area of the mitral valve. Pulmonary artery size in mitral stenosis is most likely a function of the severity of the pulmonary arteriolar resistance as reflected in the pulmonary artery pressure.


I want to borrow an opening gambit from Suzanne Cusick's "On a Lesbian Relationship with Music: A Serious Effort Not to Think Straight" (Cusick, 1994), both because it suits my topic well, but more importantly because her work has served to help me give voice to a central aspect of my own engagement with music, an aspect that had for many years simply gone without saying. In her paper, Cusick speaks of a couple of shocks of recognition (one actually of non-recognition) that cued her to her own omission of crucial aspects of her identity from her professional work. Her work in turn has served me several tonic jolts, one in particular that pertains to my subject. I, too, wish to open with a couple of shocks of recognition, as well as not so much a shock as a chronic state of non-recognition that has plagued my attempts to share my musical experience. The first entails a brief annecdote. Some years ago I attended a concert at which my colleague, oboist Harry Sargous, played the premiere of a concerto written for him by a Detroit composer. During the piece, I found myself at one point in intense pain (not from the music per se, I should add), which abated when I found myself taking a deep, gasping breath. What had happened, I realized, was that I had quite unconsciously been breathing along with the soloist. Harry, however, had been using circular breathing


Abrus cantoniensis Hance, a native medicinal plant in southern China, is officially recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Here, we presented the first high‐quality genome in Abrus genus, A. cantoniensis genome, as well as the detailed genomic information. The assembled genome size was 381.27 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 18.95 Mb, and 98.97% of the assembled sequences were anchored on 11 pseudochromosomes. The A. cantoniensis genome comprised 25,058 protein‐coding genes and 45.12% of the assemblies were repetitive sequences. Comparative genome analysis suggested that chromosome translocation and inversion played an important role in the differentiation of Abrus. In addition, 24 toxin‐related genes were identified, which formed two tandem gene clusters on chromosomes 2 and 3. The chromosome‐level genome of A. cantoniensis obtained in this work provides a valuable resource for understanding the evolution, active ingredient biosynthesis, and genetic improvement for A. cantoniensis and Abrus species.


In this instrument, a quartz driver, thickness resonant at 1 MHz, and a thin cover were concentrically mounted on the stage of a microscope. Electroding was omitted over a central area to allow transmitted‐light observation of the test space between them. We approximate the acoustic field generated in the cylindrical test volume by a standing‐wave solution to the linearized wave equation. The boundary values were (i) zero pressure at the radial boundary and (ii) interferometrically determined values of the acoustic displacement at the driver and cover. The truncated‐series solution was successfully used to explain the radiation‐force‐induced migration of small polystyrene spheres suspended in the water‐filled test space. In addition, the determined pressure distribution substantially agreed with independent measurements obtained by interferometrically detecting (via the acousto‐optical interaction) the pressure oscillations, averaged over height.Subject Classification: [43]80.30; [43]35.75.


This research highlights the coherence tools in Al-Saadi's interpretations, based on modern textology and thorough investigation of these tools, as well as the method used by Al-Saadi in his interpretation called Tayseer al-Kareem al-Rahman in Tafseer Klam al-Mannan to explore the pattern of meanings in Surah Al-Ahqf to Surah An-Najm. He explores the most widely mentioned tools and relates them to contemporary textology. This study intends to emphasize the coherence techniques utilized by Al-Saadi in his interpretation of the Holy Quran, whether in a single verse or multiple verses. The research also intends to examine the significance of these tools and their function in identifying miraculousness positions in these poems and methods for exploiting them in studying poetic and prose texts. Al-Saadi has made significant contributions to the exploitation of textual coherence methods, which are intimately related to investigating the Holy Quran's meaning and linguistic and rhetorical miracles. Text cohesion and coherence are the essential components of rhetorical coherence. The researcher suggests conducting additional research on the works of earlier and contemporary interpreters to investigate textual coherence tools and how they might be utilized to elucidate semantic meaning.


In this paper, we prove Hadamard inequalities for k -fractional Riemann-Liouville integrals and Hadamard inequalities for fractional Riemann-Liouville integrals are deduced. Also we extend these results on two coordinates and Hadamard inequalities for fractional Riemann-Liouville integrals on two coordinates are deduced.


In order to solve the problem of low accuracy of feature point matching in Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) algorithm, a mismatching points elimination algorithm is proposed. For the pairs of descriptor obtained by brute force matching based on ORB, the angle cosine method was used for preliminary screening, and the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm based on homography matrix was used for further mismatching points elimination. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm can effectively eliminate mismatching points. On the basis of high efficiency, the matching accuracy was also greatly improved compared with the original ORB algorithm. The proposed algorithm is suitable for applications which require high matching accuracy and real-time performance.


Preface 1. Introduction 2. The Greeks of the Homeric Age 3. The Greeks of the Homeric Age (cont.) 4. The Greeks of the lyric age 5. The Greeks of the Attic age 6. The Greeks of the Attic age (cont.) 7. The Greeks of the Attic age (cont.) 8. Attic culture 9. Attic culture (cont.) 10. Attic culture (cont.) 11. Religious feeling in the Attic age 12. The business habits of the Attic Greeks.


The marC gene of Escherichia coli is divergently transcribed from the marRAB operon involved in resistance to multiple antibiotics (5, 8), oxidative stress agents (2), and organic solvents (3, 16). Previous data from our laboratory had suggested a role for marC in intrinsic multiple antibiotic resistance (4, 9, 16), and the gene has been so annotated in most databases.

Because that earlier work had suggested that marC was regulated by the repressor MarR and induced by tetracycline, we sought the transcriptional start site for marC to see if the marC promoter might overlap the MarR binding sites within the marRAB promoter (5′ rapid amplification of cDNA end [RACE] system of Gibco/BRL Life Technologies, cells grown with 2 μg/ml tetracycline to increase the amount of mRNA). Transcription of marC started 30 nucleotides upstream from the putative ATG initiation codon of MarC (bp 1266 of Cohen et al. [4]). Therefore, the marC promoter does not contain the MarR binding sites. Moreover, Northern blot analysis of AG100 and its isogenic marR mutant AG112 (in which MarR is inactive [8, 12]) showed no differences in levels of marC mRNA between the two strains (data not shown), nor was expression of marC induced by salicylate, which inactivates the repressor MarR (1) (Fig. (Fig.1).1). We conclude that marC is not regulated by MarR. Since chloramphenicol does not bind to MarR (1), the apparent up-regulation by tetracycline and chloramphenicol (Fig. (Fig.1)1) (4) likely reflects stabilization of mRNA rather than true induction (11, 13, 14).

FIG. 1.

Northern blot analysis of marC from E. coli. RNA was isolated from mid-exponential-phase cells grown in LB broth at 30°C and treated for 1 h with the specified compounds. Separate cultures of E. coli AG100 following exposure to 5 mM salicylate ...

We replaced the marC locus in E. coli AG100 with a kanamycin cassette as described previously (10) and looked for any increase in susceptibilities to antimicrobials. MICs were determined on LB agar by use of Etest strips (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) with about three dozen different agents, including beta lactams, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, imipenem, macrolides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, fusidic acid, trimethoprim, and rifampin. Gradient plates (6) were used for oxidative stress agents (plumbagin, paraquat, phenylmethylsulfonate, dinitrophenol, and menadione) and for ethidium bromide. No differences in susceptibilities were seen for the marC::kan deletion mutant relative to the wild type. We then replaced the genes for the E. coli MarC paralogs YchE and YhgN in the marC::kan strain by use of spectinomycin and gentamicin cassettes, respectively, to create a triple knockout mutant, but again no differences in susceptibilities were seen.

We also used three plasmid constructs designed to overexpress marC via the araBAD, T7, or native marC promoter. Plasmid pHA-1::marC (obtained from D. Daley) specifies membrane-bound MarC-PhoA regulated by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pBAD/AraC (7). We constructed pETmarC11 (T7 promoter/lac operator with lac repressor; specifying MarC-6H) and pACmarC1 (marC promoter starting 58 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site; specifying native MarC) by cloning PCR-amplified DNA into vectors pET21b (Novagen) and pACYC184, respectively. None of these three plasmids led to a change in susceptibility of cells to a variety of antibiotics and oxidative stress agents.

We suggest that MarC no longer be classified as a multiple antibiotic resistance protein. However, we do not advise a name change until a function is found.


The effect of forming pressure required to form a tube using the tube-hydro forming process is studied in the present study. The relationship between hydraulic pressure, outer corner radius of the deformed tube, tube thickness and tube yield stress is studied with the help of proposed theoretical model. In the theoretical model, the material hardening property was taken into consideration. The predicted values from the theoretical model are plotted on the graph to overview the nature of effect of pressure on outer corner radius.


RENbO4 (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) materials were synthesized by solid-state reactions and then systematically investigated by vibrational spectroscopy. Single-phase materials were obtained at optimized temperature and time conditions, which were probed by X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering. Vibrational spectroscopy was employed to investigate the crystal structure of the lanthanide orthoniobate series by using different excitation lines in the visible region and also infrared techniques. All RENbO4 ceramics exhibited a monoclinic structure, space group C2/c = C2h6 (No. 15), with Z = 4. Raman spectroscopy evidenced 18 modes whose symmetries could be discerned by using polarized scattering, in perfect agreement with group theoretical calculations. The wavenumbers of the active-bands presented generally a decreasing tendency for increasing RE ionic radii, as a consequence of the lanthanide-induced lattice expansion. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was employed t...


The efficacy of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa, NovoSeven) in five Haemophiliacs (four Haemophilia A, one Haemophilia B), with high inhibitors ranging from 70 to 1900 Bethesda units, was evaluated. The treatment regimen was divided into two groups: group I, continuous infusion of 16.5 μg h–1 kg–1 body weight (bw) after the initial bolus of 90 μg kg–1 bw in three episodes of severe bleeding and group II, bolus injection 80–150 μg kg–1 bw every 3 hours for a maximum of four doses in six haemarthroses. The bleeding was effectively controlled within 1 to 48 h in five of nine bleeding episodes. One patient in group I, who had active arterial bleeding requiring sutures, had an ineffective response and three patients in group II had partially effective responses because the rFVIIa was given after the onset of bleeding at 36, 44 and 72 h, respectively. The prothrombin time was shortened and the FVII:C levels were successfully achieved at approximately 10 U mL–1. The continuous infusion reduced the total dose of rFVIIa by 50%. Recurrent bleeding episodes were found in three patients; two occurred at the same site after ceasing rFVIIa for 51 h and while receiving rFVIIa at 144 h and one occurred at a new site after ceasing rFVIIa for 12 h.


Lucie, a Grade Two classroom teacher, and Kate, a university professor, engaged in an action research study that linked a trait-based writing instruction approach with a genre-focused instruction approach. To capture the experience, fieldnote observations, interviews and samples of students' work were collected. Lucie recognized the need to augment her initial trait-based lessons and connect the two instructional approaches. Kate affirmed these decisions and documented the efficacy of her hybrid approach. Lucie engaged in reflective practice that was nurtured through the process of action research. Both researchers continue to refine their hybrid model and record their ongoing experience.


Objective:To develop a method for extracting all of PEG in rat plasma and to study the pharmacokinetics profile of PEG-Dipeptide-TNF-α conjugates in rat.Method:PEG-Dipeptide-TNF-α labeled by ~(125)Ⅰ isotopes,extracting general PEG was extracted from plasma by chloroform and validated by the method of two-phase spectrophotometry,then detecting radioactive counting of the substances extracted from rat plasma by radio-immunity Gamma counter and counting parameters by curve fitting with 3P87 pharmacokinetics software.Results:The plasma samples were extracted by chloroform after freeze drying,and the results of two-phase spectrophotometry were that the relative recoveries of the three samples were about 100% and the RSD less than 3%,that is to say,the samples possessing known radioactive counting were not influenced by endogenous substances in blank plasma.The result of counting with 3P87 pharmacokinetics software showed that the half-time(t1/2) of TNF-α and PEG-Dipeptide-TNF-α was 0.31h and 21.22h,respectively,and indicated that the new-type PEG modification technology can extend the half-time of TNF-α.Conclusion:The method of extracting all of PEG from plasma was established,that was not only excellent in specificity,separability and operability,but also cheaper and was consonant with bioequiavailability guideline on basic requirements analyzing biological sample.


The west coast ports of North America are prime examples of twentieth-century ports that must adapt to twenty-first century concerns. Located in urban areas, the ports of Vancouver, British Columbia, Seattle and Tacoma, Washington, and California are increasingly viewed as undesirable neighbors by urban residents. Because these large population centers have diversified economic bases, the economic contributions of ports are not as visible, or as crucial, to residents as in the past. This reduces their tolerance for port impacts. Constraints on developable land and congestion add to the challenges faced by these ports. As trade and container traffic increase, these ports must increase in size, in throughput, or both in order to compete for global trade. As discussed further below, however, this growth must take place without imposing additional externalities on neighbors who are increasingly aware of the burden that ports place on those who live around them.


Today's competitive environment requires a higher level of quality in processes, services, and products to reach a larger portion of market share and economic success. Quality management being a systematic approach for quality-related evaluation and development is substantial for companies. Industry 4.0 is defined as the integration of physical machinery systems with digital networking. Industry 4.0-related technologies provide extensive opportunities for quality-related issues by incorporating economic, environmental, and social impacts. To encompass all dimensions effective on quality management, it is necessary to process a large amount of data within the context of industry 4.0. Advanced production systems and quality management are complementary resources to enhance the functionality leading to a higher competitive advantage. This article develops a sustainable industry 4.0 production value measurement approach. The quality elements are collected and purified using the concept of lean six sigma and Delphi technique. Among all quality elements, those that are related to leanness and six sigma are extracted. Then, adapted interpretive structural modeling (AISM) is developed to map elements of lean six sigma and sustainability factors and indices. As a quantification method, sustainable production measurement relation is formulated. The process is implemented as a case study in an industrial cluster located in Iran. The results imply new aspects of quality improvement to the managers of the cluster.


Author(s): Zhang, J; McLeod, AS; Han, Q; Chen, X; Bechtel, HA; Yao, Z; Gilbert Corder, SN; Ciavatti, T; Tao, TH; Aronson, M; Carr, GL; Martin, MC; Sow, C; Yonezawa, S; Nakamura, F; Terasaki, I; Basov, DN; Millis, AJ; Maeno, Y; Liu, M | Abstract: © 2019 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the »https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/» Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. The Mott insulator Ca2RuO4 is the subject of much recent attention following reports of emergent nonequilibrium steady states driven by applied electric fields or currents. In this paper, we carry out infrared nano-imaging and optical-microscopy measurements on bulk single crystal Ca2RuO4 under conditions of steady current flow to obtain insight into the current-driven insulator-to-metal transition. We observe macroscopic growth of the current-induced metallic phase, with nucleation regions for metal and insulator phases determined by the polarity of the current flow. A remarkable metal-insulator-metal microstripe pattern is observed at the phase front separating metal and insulator phases. The microstripes have orientations tied uniquely to the crystallographic axes, implying a strong coupling of the electronic transition to lattice degrees of freedom. Theoretical modeling further illustrates the importance of the current density and confirms a submicron-thick surface metallic layer at the phase front of the bulk metallic phase. Our work confirms that the electrically induced metallic phase is nonfilamentary and is not driven by Joule heating, revealing remarkable new characteristics of electrically induced insulator-metal transitions occurring in functional correlated oxides.


Many of you reading this are young men or women about to embark on your careers as new graduates from one of America's fine universities. You are wide-eyed, anxious to take on big, hairy, audacious tasks, motivated, excited and smart. You are probably optimistic and idealistic. You believe that, in general, life is fair. In order to dispel this outrageous myth, and to help you with your career, I would like to discuss searching for a job. Somewhere between the cretaceous period (when I was in college) and now, professors became more cautious with the topics that they deliver to the youth of America. It could be the result of our litigious society, or it could be that they are overworked. Judging by the young professionals that I am interviewing, I get the impression that jobsearching skills are not being stressed or taken seriously in college. Much of what I am going to say you have heard before. All of what I am going to say was pounded in to my head when I went to school (and walked through three feet of snow every day, barefoot, uphill both ways). Those were simpler days. A professor could grab you by the scruff of the polyester shirt and say, "Lose the orange granny glasses and most of your hair, hippie, or I'll see to it you don't work in mining until after a geologist becomes President." So we lost the glasses, cut our hair, bought a new suit from the Salvation Army (which meant it was in perfect style for the people who would be interviewing us) and did what the man told us. And we found work. With the advent of Title VII, truly egregious wrongs have been corrected. People do not discriminate with respect to race, gender, religion, national origin, age, disability, marital or veteran status. Unfortunately, this has been misconstrued by many who believe that an employer cannot discriminate for any reason. Oh, how wrong you are. Here is our dirty little secret. We laugh about you after you leave. Sometimes we do not even need to see you before we laugh about you. But it is not because of your religious persuasion, or anything like that. It's because you are so clueless. If you want, you can write this off as the ravings of an old man. The advice is free. But how do you expect us to listen to you when you slur your words because you cannot talk around your tongue stud? You may be postulating about the Nobel Peace Prize you won as a third grader, and all I can think is, "How long did this guy's eyes water after he pierced his eyebrow?" Heck, you may have gotten the miners to agree with the mill on the ounces mined versus poured. But I am still going to wonder about what possesses someone to tattoo the name of a beer on her forehead.


Purpose To explore the clinical effects of postoperative analgesia by means of para-vertebral space catheterization(PVSC)for lung cancer after operation.Methods Fifty-four cases with lung cancer scheduled for thoracic surgery under general anesthesia were randomized equally into three groups.Group A:intramuscular injection group,namely the patients who felt pain were administered intramuscalarig pethidine with 1mg/kg every time after operation;Group B:patient-controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA)group,received morphine 8mg+0.125% bupivacaine 100ml continuous infusion with 2ml/h after operation;Group C:continuous block several intercostal nerves by means of PVSC at the time of thoracotomy closure,received 0.15% lidocaine continuous infusion with 4~6ml/h by minim pump(ATRAVEOI 6200).Incision pain degree at 6h,12h,24h and 48h after operation,and side effects of postoperative analgesia,incidence of pulmonary complicating diseases among the three groups were compared.Results The scores of analgesic scale of group B and group C at 6h,12h,24h and 48h after operation were significantly superior than that in group A respectively(P0.05),but there was no significantly difference between group B and group C(P0.05).The side effects and pulmonary complications in group C were significantly lower than those in group A and group C(P0.05).Conclusion The technique of PVSC is easy performing,safe and effective to relieve pain for postoperative lung cancer.


Digital transformation is becoming more and more integral to the development of entrepreneurial activity every day. However, the application of digital technologies entails significant entrepreneurial risks and affects the business processes of entrepreneurial structures. Entrepreneurs who do not identify, analyze and rank risks in the process of implementing digital technologies may lose their positions in the market or even cease to exist. In this regard, the management of entrepreneurial risks of digital transformation is relevant and important in the activities of entrepreneurial structures. The authors' research consists in identifying the entrepreneurial risks of digital transformation and ranking them according to the degree of influence on business, based on the probability of occurrence and significance of the consequences. The study identified 8 main categories of entrepreneurial risks of digital transformation. The study showed that unacceptable risks are «technical risks» and «financial and economic risks». Significant risks include «security risks» and «insufficient preparation of business processes». Moderate risks are «personnel risks» and «risks of changes in the market environment», acceptable risks are «uncertainty of results» and «reduction in the quality of customer service».


Abstract Cimex usingeri, a new species of Cimicid bug infesting a habitat of Rhinolophus rouxi at Tavanandi, Shimoga District, Mysore State, India, is described. This adds one more species to the genus Cimex which has been represented so far by 18 species in the world.


Abstract : A reciprocal theorem is developed for a time-variable, linear viscoelastic body whose mechanical properties are governed by a single aging time function. The reciprocal relation obtained is of the Maxwell-Betti type, but it involves a convolution in time over a family of histories of mechanical states, rather than over a single history. A simple application of the theorem is made, to deduce a formula for the total volume change of a time-variable viscoelastic body. (Author)


Introduction : The risk of atherosclerosis increases when elevated blood cholesterol levels. Flavonoids may help inhibit the absorption of fat, which indirectly helps in lower cholesterol levels.Flavonoids are widely available on the Andrographis paniculata leaves (APL).This study aims to examine the effect of flavonoids in APL stewto lower the cholesterol levels. Material and Methods: This research was carried out using five different groups of Wistarrats. Each group consists of five Wistar rats. Group (K-) received normal diet, group (K+) received atherogenic diet and three groups of atherogenic diets rats that pre-treated with three different doses (0.6, 1.2, and 2.4g/day) of APL leaf stew. APL stew is orally gavaged for 60 days. The cholesterol blood serum was analyzed using the CHOD-PAP method. Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey. Results : The results showed a significant difference in cholesterol levels between the groups of theatherogenic diet with other treatment groups (p = 0.000).When compared with thenormal diet group, treatment with 1.2 g and 2.4 g of APL produce cholesterol levels not significantly different.APLstew has been shown to inhibit the elevated levels of serum cholesterol in male Wistar rats that fed with the atherogenic diet which contributed 54.8%.While fat intake increased the cholesterol level by 16.3%.Both APL stew and fat dose intake together affect the formation of cholesterol with a contribution of 69.2%. Conclusion : The dose that is considered as the most effective in lowering cholesterol is 2.4 g becauseit producescholesterol level closest to normal.


Qualitative material presented as audio data requires a greater degree of protecting of anonymity than for example textual data. Apart from the verbal content, it carries paraverbal aspects including voice characteristics, thus making it easier to identify the speaker. This complicates secondary analysis or reanalysis conducted by researchers who were not involved in the data collection. Difficulties increase if the chances are high that the researcher and the interviewee come in contact for example through a meeting. This paper describes the technical procedures that are used to modify the sound of the audio source in a way that it reduces the possibility of recognition (i.e. similar to that of a carefully written transcript). A discussion of the technical possibilities of this procedure along with an exploration of the boundaries of anonymisation is presented.


Gregory raises the question of the mechanism through which vitamin C exerts the radioprotective effect observed by us in Chinese hamster ovary cells (O'Connor et al., 1977). The data we presented was such that in its own right it gave no indication of a likely mechanism. Consequently the basis for the effect was considered equally likely to be physiological or chemical. A chemical mechanism was intended to imply a direct interaction between ascorbate and some radiation induced factors in the cell. On the other hand a physiological mechanism was intended to convey a more complex process whereby the cell was altered by the presence of ascorbate in such a way that it was subsequently more resistant when challenged with radiation.


From a survey of about 50 species authors finally selected three top species having high values for each of macronutrients (K,Mg, P, C, N, C/N) and high values of micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Zn). It is assessed that K ranged from 101 to 163 (mg/g dw), Mg from 693 to 854 (mg/g dw), P from 4 to 5 (mg/g dw), C about 51%, N 10%, C/N from 27 to 31, thereby revealing very high value of both nutritional and nutraceutical value. Among the three species selected for high micronutrients Cu about 33 (μg/g dw), Fe ranged from 1450 to 3973 (μg/g dw), Zn varied from 167 to 216 (μg/g dw). Therefore, all these species could serve as good source of both high nutritional and nutraceutical values apart from their respective use in alleviating particular disease.


The aim of this paper is to introduce a new classis of Double intuitionistic continuous function, Double intuitionistic (open and closed) functions in Double intuitionistic topological spaces, we investigate the properties of the relationships among these types.