Robert Grosseteste (d. 1253), an Englishman of humble origin, was one of the most active scientific and theological writers of the thirteenth century and a pioneer in the study and translation of Greek texts in northern Europe. He rose to high office, acting as chancellor to Oxford University and eventually becoming bishop of Lincoln in 1235. His outspoken moralism led him into criticism of the papacy, which made him the darling of later generations of a nationalist and antipapal temper and which probably also formed the basis of a friendship with Simon de Montfort that has intrigued modern historians in inverse ratio to the scanty surviving evidence for it. The avowed purpose of this book by Sir Richard Southern, retired Chichele Professor at Oxford University and one of the world's leading medievalists, is "to see things as Grosseteste saw them—to capture his personal view, and to understand how he arrived at it" (p. i). It succeeds in this aim. To do so it relies not only on a close and sympathetic reading of Grosseteste's works and of contemporary accounts of his activities but also on a detailed and technical assessment of the problems of chronology and attribution connected with his career and writings. At once, on the first page of the preface, we are in the middle of the author's revised view of his already revisionist opinion on the dating of Grosseteste's chancellorship. This is invigorating. Retirement has clearly not tempted Southern away from the closely focused craftsmanship of the historian into higher but windier paths. He is a cobbler who uses his autumn not to expatiate on "The Art of the Cobbler" but to make shoes. And attractive shoes they are. Southern is a religious man, and one of the great benefits of having religion is that you do not have to have social science. Both his thinking and his writing are completely free from the worn and ugly sociological concepts and terms that have infected most contemporary historical writing. Having an alternative, and larger, set of beliefs to give coherence and comprehensibility to his universe, he is able to move more freely in his description and explana-


This paper explores the geography of portfolio flows emanating from institutional investors located in mature markets. We identify precise global and regional dynamics in equity and bond flows. Very few countries happen to receive (or lose) funding in isolation. We also find strong evidence of global contagion: although global waves originate in developed countries, emerging markets' funding is much more affected. We illustrate this finding by deriving "contagion maps" showing where contagion spreads and with what intensity. In general, our results suggest that "push" effects from advanced market investors affect massively developing countries.


The category and characteristics of AB_2-type Laves phase hydrogen storage alloy and the effects of preparation technique on the electrochemical performances of the alloys are expatiated comprehensively, and the present actuality of the investigation on AB_2-type Laves phase hydrogen storage alloy and the achieved level are introduced.Some opinions on investigation key stones of AB_2-type Laves phase hydrogen storage alloy in future are given roughly.


The erection of structure steel frame is very dangerous occupation and requires skilled labor. But, there aren't enough skill labors in construction site. In order to resolve this problem, many methods were developed by large company in Japan. The use of robot as part of these methods helps this problem. The work of robot is very complex and minuteness. So it required weather-unaffected working space. Automated construction methods, Construction Factory(CF) that can serve weather-unaffected working space, were developed for building construction in Japan in the 1990s. However, it can't adjust to domestic building construction, because it is different from construction environment of Korea. Therefore, it needs for advanced CF that is suitable construction site in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the work space environment in advanced CF using a simulation method such as Computational Fluid Dynamics.


(+)-(1R)-Nopinone 1, in conjunction with a Lewis acid and an electron donor (N,N-dimethylacetamide or triethylamine) in CH2Cl2, initiates the polymerisation of isobutylene at –40 °C resulting in the formation of a new α,ω-asymmetric telechelic poly(isobutylene) of low polydispersity.


While there are many agencies and
states which actively monitor early
warning information, few have the
added challenge of linking their analysis
of the information with their actions in
the field. This article explores the operational
reality of the International Red
Cross and Red Crescent Movement,
arguing that there is not a monolithic
early warning system which will meet
the needs of all players.


is beside the point. Voting machines have become akin to disposable diapers: Once soiled, it's a one-way trip to the trash. The necessity of their ritual destruction reflects a growing public distrust of technology. One could argue, at the risk of being labeled elitist, that this distrust is due to a lack of education about the fundamentals of how computers and security algorithms such as the ones in election machines work. But it might be a better explanation to consider the context of recent events in the U.S., where technology, which has long carried the mythic promise of a better tomorrow, seems to be yet another dark cloud on the horizon. In May 2021, the most mundane activity of everyday life for millions of Americans, filling up the car with gas, was disrupted when a hack of the Colonial Pipeline, which carries gasoline from Texas, took out gas distribution for a good chunk of the Southeast and East Coast. People made fun of panic buyers filling up plastic bags with gasoline, but the attack on the cherished, if environmentally problematic, symbol of American mobility and freedom carried more than a hint of darkness, especially when the news broke months later that China had hacked into many other U.S. pipeline systems [3], feeding public anxiety and playing off of the latest spin in the news cycle: a renewed debate about the origins of Covid. In the same time frame, we also learned that the ransom Colonial Pipeline paid in cryptocurrency—the whole point of which, according to crypto evangelists, is to exist independent of government regulation and be utterly, impenetrably secure—had been recovered by the FBI. And amid all the strangeness of In The Green New Deal, Jeremy Rifkin describes a vision of the future that is dependent on distributed computing. As Rifkin sees it, energy generation and storage, financial transactions, and the operation of autonomous transportation will be dependent on microprocessors embedded in just about every aspect of our built environment [1]. What keeps this from being a dystopian future is Rifkin's allin approach to open-source software, which he argues is the singular way to provide enough security to keep all this essential infrastructure secure. With money and energy whizzing all over the place—not to mention cars, trucks, and buses—the stakes are high. While it's nearly certain that the payment tablets at one or two food carts are already part of a nihilist botnet army, security becomes a matter of life and death if the food cart is serving not only fusion tacos but also navigation services to nearby buses and cars. Is my skepticism showing? Recent events close to my home in Arizona and around the world, both political and technological, have led me to question whether Rifkin's vision of the future is feasible. I'm not concerned about whether we'll have the technical capabilities—it's our shared trust in technology that seems to be slipping out of grasp. For one, consider the politically driven recount of votes in Maricopa County, Arizona. A certain former American president not particularly happy with the outcome of a free and fair election bullied the state Senate into commandeering ballot machines for an audit. The process was assigned to a private contractor that offered an absurdly low bid, essentially guaranteeing questions about the validity of the audit and fueling further distrust. County officials warned that if the Senate and contractor did not keep a strict chain of custody they would have to decertify the machines, effectively making them useless for future elections. The rationale: The machines could not be relied upon in the future because they had been under the control of unqualified and uncertified auditors. The fear was that during the audit the machines' software could be changed in a way that would alter the outcomes of future elections without leaving a trace. The machines were replaced at a cost of nearly $3 million of public money [2]. No evidence was offered that the machines were, in fact, compromised, but the mere possibility that it could happen was enough to ensure their demise. It struck me that the voting machines were being treated as though they were religious icons. Some see them defiled by their role in electing the other side's candidate; others, by an invasive and unnecessary audit conducted by an unqualified company with the lessthan-confidence-inspiring name of Cyber Ninjas. Either way, it was a foregone conclusion that the machines had to be decommissioned. Would it have been technically possible to reuse the hardware by performing the voting-machine equivalent of wiping the drive, reinstalling the operating system, and verifying the checksum? I do not know for sure, but one would hope that the manufacturer of such critically important—not to mention expensive—equipment would have some way of confirming that the systems they designed, manufactured, and leased to the government had not been compromised. They are not machines, but totems of public trust. Democracy and Data Fatalism


Simple Summary Several lab studies have shown that pesticides are causing sublethal effects on bees; however, little is known about their impact in actual field conditions. Continuous surveillance of the bees in the field will help monitor their pesticide exposure and better understand their impact on bee health. This study investigated the potential use of a new optical sensor, coupled with machine learning, to automatically identify flying insects, as an approach to monitoring the sublethal effects of pesticides on insects. To do so, bumblebees, Bombus terrestris, were exposed to field-realistic doses of a neonicotinoid pesticide, and their flight activity was recorded by the sensor. Through the data acquired, the investigation focused on whether the machine learning algorithm could distinguish the flight events that were created by the healthy bumblebees and the bumblebees that had been exposed to sublethal doses of the pesticide. The results showed that the algorithm could differentiate flight events, indicating the promise of the sensor as a continuous monitoring tool for bee health in the field. Abstract Among insects, bees are important pollinators, providing many vital ecosystem services. The recent pollinator decline is threatening both their diversity and abundance. One of the main drivers of this decline is the extensive use of pesticides. Neonicotinoids, one of the most popular groups of pesticides, can be toxic to bees. In fact, numerous studies have found that neonicotinoids can cause sublethal effects, which can impair the biology, physiology, and colony survival of the bees. Yet, there are still knowledge gaps, and more research is needed to better understand the interaction between neonicotinoids and bees, especially in the field. A new optical sensor, which can automatically identify flying insects using machine learning, has been created to continuously monitor insect activity in the field. This study investigated the potential use of this sensor as a tool for monitoring the sublethal effects of pesticides on bumblebees. Bombus terrestris workers were orally exposed to field-realistic doses of imidacloprid. Two types of exposures were tested: acute and chronic. The flight activity of pesticide-exposed and non-exposed bumblebees was recorded, and the events of the insect flights recorded by the sensor were used in two ways: to extract the values of the wingbeat frequency and to train machine learning models. The results showed that the trained model was able to recognize differences between the events created by pesticide-exposed bumblebees and the control bumblebees. This study demonstrates the possibility of the optical sensor for use as a tool to monitor bees that have been exposed to sublethal doses of pesticides. The optical sensor can provide data that could be helpful in managing and, ideally, mitigating the decline of pollinators from one of their most major threats, pesticides.


ment that "Shakespeare's skepticism can help develop rather disorienting stances toward self, law, and liberty" (8) lies at some distance from the kind of radical Cartesian uncertainty about the very existence of the world outside the self, the corrosive desire to base one's very being in knowledge, which Cavell has described so acutely. Kuzner acknowledges this difference, but I would have liked to hear much more about the relation between these discrete skeptical stances. Kuzner's is an important book, distinctive and full of thought-provoking ideas. I find its promotion of "stances . . . of openness, perseverance, and patience" (168) through epistemological humility very appealing. And I admire its clear-eyed sense that even as skepticism can have a "salutary and even saving effect of unsettling subjects irreparably"—this effect, "however salutary, could never be fully satisfactory" (86).


Objectives of the study: The Assessment of hygienic quality is an essential step in the production and marketing of traditional medicine products using plant species that constitute a vast reserve of active ingredients that can be used to cure many diseases. Our study had the objective to assess the hygienic quality of some herbal medicines in order to identify the microbiological risk associated with the consumption of these Togolese traditional medicine products sold on the markets of the municipality of Lome and that treat the DS.
Materials and Methods: We collected 90 antidiabetic recipes sold in the maritime region. Search germ was made by routine standardized methods of the French Association for Standardization (AFNOR).
Results: Revenues are in the form of mixture containing honey, decoctions, tinctures of, charred, herbal teas, capsules. Decoctions represent 56.17% followed by followed tinctures (16.67%). The results of the study of the hygienic quality of herbal medicines indicate the presence of total bacteria, total coliform, yeast (Candida albicans) and fungi (Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp. Et Geothricum sp.). The majority of these phytomedicamensts are unfit for consumption because of the total germs that were more isolated.
Conclusion: The use of traditional herbal medicines therefore carries risks of toxiinfection for consumers. A greater awareness must be made to educate traditional healers and herbal medicines sellers on good hygiene practices, preparation and storage of their products.


Ozonation and biological aerated filter (BAF)process as well as Fenton and BAF process were used to remove residual pollutants in coking wastewater treated by biological treatment system.Affecting factors including dosage of O3,pH value,molar ratio of Fe and H2O2,dosage of H2O2 and aeration time were studied.Results showed that when dosage of O3 was 800mg/L,aeration time of BAF was 18h or when dosage of H2O2 was 0.5mL/L,dosage of FeSO·47H2O was 2g/L,effluent COD was less than 70mg/L,color was less than 50 times,which met the Grade I of national emission standard.


The aim of the study was to assess how deep into the acinar region the airway response to cold dry-air hyperventilation challenge (CACh) reaches in subjects with asthma of different severity. Peripheral airway function was measured using a single-breath sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and helium (He) washout test and overall airway function by forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) at rest, after CACh and β2-therapy in 55 adults with a history of asthma. The normalised phase-III slopes (SnIII) for SF6 and He were used to assess peripheral airway obstruction and the (SF6-He) SnIII difference to indicate where obstruction occurred. While a greater He versus SF6 slope increase indicates a response close to the acinar entrance, the reverse indicates a response deeper into the acinar airspaces. Twelve subjects had a major fall in FEV1 (≥20%) after CACh, 16 a minor fall (10–19%), and 27 did not react. Resting He and SF6 SnIII were significantly greater in major responders with respect to minor and nonresponders, while resting FEV1 did not differ between the three groups. The major responders showed marked increases of He and SF6 SnIII after CACh, with greater increase for He resulting in a negative (SF6-He) SnIII difference. To conclude, airways close to the acinar entrance participate in the overall airway response to cold-air challenge in asthmatic adults with marked airway hyperresponsiveness to cold, dry air.


This work aims to develop a new framework for the interaction of a subsurface flow and surface gravity water waves, based on a perturbation and multiple-scales expansion.  Surface waves are assumed of a narrow band δ (δ ), indicating they can be expressed as a carrier wave whose amplitude varies slowly in space and time relative to its phase. Using the Direct Integration Method proposed in Li & Ellingsen (2019), the effects of the vertical gradient of a subsurface flow are taken into account on the linear wave properties in an implicit fashion. At the second order in wave steepness ϵ, the forcing of the sub-harmonic bound waves is considered that plays a role in the primary equations for a subsurface flow.

The novel framework derives the continuity and momentum equations for a subsurface flow in two different formats, including both the depth integrated as well as the depth resolved version. The former compares with Smith (2006) to examine the roles of the rotationality of wave motions in the subsurface flow equations. The latter employs the sigma coordinate system proposed in Mellor (2003, 2008, 2015) and extends the framework therein to allow for quasi-monochromatic surface waves and the effects of the shear of a current on linear surface waves. Compared to Mellor (2003, 2008, 2015), the vertical flux/vertical radiation stress term in the proposed framework is approximated to one order of magnitude higher, i.e. O(ϵ2δ2).

References

Li, Y., Ellingsen, S. Å. A framework for modeling linear surface waves on shear currents in slowly varying waters. J. Geophys. Res. C: Oceans, (2019) 124(4), 2527-2545.

Mellor, G. L. The three-dimensional current and surface wave equations. J. Phys. Oceanogr., (2003) 33, 1978–1989.

Mellor, G. L. The depth-dependent current and wave interaction equations: a revision. J. Phys. Oceanogr., (2008) 38(11), 2587-2596.

Smith, J. A. Wave–current interactions in finite depth. Journal of Physical Oceanography, (2006) 36(7), 1403-1419.


During the crisis of the Roman Republic, ancient sources mention a number of political interventions by women. The paper at hand seeks to investigate two of these occurences in which dreams motivated women to play an active role in political affairs. Cicero and Julius Obsequens report the dream of Caecilia Metella that instigated the repair of the temple of Juno Sospita in 90 BC. Nicolaus of Damascus, Velleius Paterculus, Valerius Maximus, Plutarch, Suetonius, Appian, Cassius Dio, and, again, Obsequens cover the dream of Caesar's wife Calpurnia in their works. According to them, the dream drove her to save Caesar from the imminent assassination in 44 BC. If we aim for a better understanding of the growing female scope for action, we will need to systematically analyse ancient authors' personal conceptions of gender relations in a comparative way. Therefore, my paper examines the reports on Caecilia and Calpurnia in order to find recurring patterns that reflect the writers' ideas of gender relations and gender hierarchies. A three-step analysis scheme will be created. 1) The model regards family roles as an indicator of the gender relationship discussed by the author. 2) The verbal or non-verbal mode of the woman's intervention, whether of strong or weak intensity, mirrors the options of female action depending on that specific relationship. Furthermore, this relationship is defined by means of the depicted reaction attributed to the addressee. 3) The reactions of the contemporaries or authorial commentaries display the author's attitude towards the female intervention. In addition, an ascription of affective emotions to the intervening woman correlates with a writer's disapproval.


In recent years,the corporate governance level of China's state-owned commercial banks has unceasingly enhanced,and the governance structure has also increasingly optimized,which has formed a frame of governance with Chinese characteristics.Specifically,the characteristics can be described as excessive government intervention,supervision by the Communist Party,profound influence from the traditional culture,unique internal supervision mechanism and so on.However,There are many problems exist in the corporate governance,including the single-large shareholder of state-owned stock,flawed internal supervision mechanism,unimproved incentive constraints mechanism and governance model,lack of the rule of law environment and management culture,unmatched external management environment and internal management and so on.In the future,the perfection of the corporate governance of China's state-owned commercial banks still needs to reform equity structure step by step,perfect the internal control system,change management mode,develop external market factors of banks,and strengthen the construction of the rule of law and cultivate the governance culture.


A test was developed to measure the rate of evaporation of hydrocarbons from pavements made with liquid asphalt binders. The procedure used consisted of placing 200 to 300 grams of mix in a 165-mm diameter procelain evaporating dish and weighing precisely. The dish was placed in a constant-temperature oven for 15 minutes and then reweighed. The cycle was repeated at progressively higher temperatures. Differences in the weight before and after each cycle provided an accurate accounting of what portion of the material was volatile at each temperature. The temperatures used were those reported in T-78 (110, 225, 260, 316, 360 deg C). As heating was carried out in the presence of air, some difficulty was anticipated in dissolving the residue to determine the binder content. Raising the temperature to 460 deg C solved this problem as the remainder of the binder also evaporated. Thus the procedure not only determined what portion of the binder was volatile at each temperature, but also found the binder content. If the original goal of measuring the loss of volatiles with time was to be carried out, a means of accelerated aging must be employed. Combinations of heat and air have been widely used to simulate aging. Research by the California Department of Highways indicates that four hours of the thin film rolling test represents five years on the pavement. Unfortunately, such correlations have been based on physical characteristics such as hardness or viscosity rather than chemical composition. Efforts to relate chemical composition to artificial aging would require a period of time equal to the calendar period to be simulated. In order to expedite the measurement of volatile changes, it was decided to use the natural aging which has already occurred on the highways and avoid simulating aging. To do this, locations were selected where the age and class of the surfacing could be documented. Samples were collected from class 8 pavements of ages of a few minutes to ten years. The sources of the binders in the various mixes were not traced, as some changes could be expected over a ten-year period even if from one source. For comparison purposes, a small number of other materials was included.


This small but information-packed book covers the wide range of knowledge needed to secure your system using this respected extension to Linux. SELinux discusses critical topics, such as SELinux concepts and its security model; installation instructions; system and user administration; understanding, implementing, and developing your own SELinux security policies. With SELinux, a high-security computer is within reach of any system administrator, and this book provides the means.


This study aims to identify the effect of performance management systems and its role in improving banking service quality in the Jordan Ahli bank. to achieve the objectives of this study a questionnaire was developed and validity and reliability were measured. The study population consisted of all (430) employees, managers, heads of departments and departments of Jordan Ahli Bank. The sample of the study was limited to the category of managers and department managers and heads of departments. A total of (168) questionnaire were distributed, to the sample of the study and the number of questionnaires retrieved (162) and then were subjected to statistical analysis, the researcher used descriptive approach in this study and the questionnaire was adopted as a tool for the study and data collection. The research questionnaires were analyzed using the statistical package for social


To the Editor.—
 Dr Furman raises a number of issues about potential hazards of hospital-based sick child day care. She is worried about nosocomial infection and the two-way spread of disease between the "healthy ill" in the sick day care program, and the really ill hospital inpatients. So far, I have found practically no real evidence that such a risk exists. Her concern about spread of infection to compromised children (eg, immunosuppressed children) would be true if sick care centers were to be established in tertiary care or university hospitals.


Background:  Effective management of ocular hypertension requires patients to be persistent with their treatment regimen. We evaluated patients' persistency with hypotensive eyedrops commonly used to treat glaucoma and ocular hypertension.


ABSTRACT Legionella sainthelensi is an aquatic environmental bacterium that in humans can cause Legionnaires' disease (LD), an often severe form of pneumonia. Here, we report the first complete genome of a L. sainthelensi clinical isolate obtained in 2001 from a patient with LD in Canterbury, New Zealand.


There is a long process to transform bauxite, a critical raw material, into a substance with the required properties of cast aluminum alloys for use in electro automotive parts. Thanks to its unique properties, aluminum has become the material of choice for clean technology manufacturers in applications such as use in the automotive industry, renewable energy, batteries, electrical systems, resource-saving packaging, energy efficient buildings and clean mobility. Restructuring of the economy, the oil crisis, air pollution and global warming are some of the factors that have moved the automotive industry towards electrification since the beginning of the 21st century. This paper aims to highlight the required properties of cast aluminum alloys applied to the production of electro automotive parts, such as their mechanical and thermophysical properties, dimensional stability, corrosion resistance, electromagnetic compatibility and crashworthiness. Furthermore, this paper discusses which of the cast aluminum–silicon alloys, as well as the heat treatments and casting processes, are most suitable.


Backstepping control method can realize the decoupling of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the design process is simple and easy to implement, so it has been widely used in the field of motor control. During the operation of the motor (PMSM), the change of parameters of the motor has bad effects on the perf o rma nce o f the control strategy based on backstepping approach. On the basis of analyzing the influence of the motor parameters on the control effect, the adaptive control is used to suppress the influence of the time-varying parameters on the performance. Babalat's lemma demonstrates that the velocity and current tracking errors are asymptotically convergent, thus ensuring the stability of the control system. The MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate the control system under the condition of parameter uncertainty and load torque disturbance, the validity of the proposed method is verified.


Both obesity and alcohol can cause oxidative stress, cytokine induction, and steatohepatitis. To determine the consequences of their combination, we compared the hepatic effects of moderate ethanol binges in lean and obese ob/ob mice. Mice received water or ethanol (2.5 g/kg) by gastric intubation daily for 4 days, and were killed 2 hours after the last administration. Some obese mice also received pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) production, before each ethanol administration. In lean mice, these moderate ethanol doses did not increase plasma TNF‐α and hepatic caspase‐3 activity, but triggered some apoptotic hepatocytes. Naive ob/ob mice had a few necrotic and apoptotic hepatocytes, but exhibited little oxidative stress, possibly because of adaptive increases in manganese superoxide dismutase, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), mitochondrial cytochrome c, and mitochondrial DNA. Alcohol administration to ob/ob mice did not increase oxidative stress despite increased CYP2E1, but increased plasma TNF‐α, further increased Hsp70, and profoundly decreased p65 nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) protein and DNA‐binding activity in nuclear extracts. Caspase‐3 was activated, and more apoptotic hepatocytes were found in intoxicated obese mice than naive obese mice. In intoxicated obese mice, pentoxifylline fully prevented the increase in plasma TNF‐α the decrease in nuclear NF‐κB activity, and the increase in hepatic caspase‐3, and it also decreased hepatic triglycerides. In conclusion, obese mice develop adaptations that may limit oxidative stress. Moderate ethanol intoxication does not increase oxidative stress in obese mice, but increases TNF‐α and also decreases nuclear NF‐κB activity, thus unleashing the apoptotic effects of TNF‐α.(HEPATOLOGY 2005;42:1280–1290.)


Abstract Energy performance-based hookup fees, such as the current "gas-guzzler" tax for automobiles, have been suggested as a promising policy option for promoting energy efficiency in new vehicles, appliances, and buildings. Conceptually, these impact fees force manufacturers to consider the long-term energy implications of the products they produce. The article finds that implementation is not straightforward, particularly with respect to buildings. The absence of an unambiguous measure of a building's relative efficiency, such as the miles-per-gallon (mpg) rating for cars, and the inability to control fee avoidance by fuel switching, impede building hookup fee development. Performance-based impact fees for sewage, water supply, and stormwa-ter are workable, largely because their current fee structures are simpler.


Among social insects, termites are characterized as major pests which cause substantial economic damage to human-built structures. This is the case of Reticulitermes flavipes, a subterranean species invasive in France and originated from Louisiana, probably introduced during the 18th century. This study aims at determining the extent to which this termite has spread within urban areas from one French region (Region Centre) by analyzing the spatial distribution of genetic variability at regional and local scales.


Limited frequency response of impulse voltage dividers contributes to the measurement errors of the peak voltage and time parameters. This paper investigates the convolution method for the determination of the errors of lightning impulse parameters due to non-ideal step responses. The step response of a damped capacitor divider with a voltage rating of 2.2 MV was measured and analytical lightning impulse waveforms were used in the analysis. The paper concludes that the errors calculated with the convolution method can either be used for correcting the measured impulse parameters or as uncertainty components for estimating the measurement uncertainties of the impulse parameters.


Background: Bacterial meningitis is considered a medical emergency and it is a life-threatening infection that requires immediate treatment. However, even with an early diagnostic approach and adequate treatment with effective antibiotics, death and different complications may occur.Objective: This study aimed to assess drug related problems and its association on bacterial meningitis related complication.Method: A prospective hospital-based observational study was conducted at the pediatric ward of Hiwot Fana Specialized teaching hospital, Harar. This study was conducted longitudinally for consecutive one year from December 30/2019-Juanuary 1/2021 admitted to pediatrics ward. All pediatrics admitted with the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. To identify independent predictors of bacterial meningitis related complication, binary logistic regression model were used using STATA, version 14.2. Stastical significance was declared at p<0.05Result: After 1 year follow up, 384 children were included in this study with a response rate of 98.1%. Males(55.73%) outnumbered. The mean age and cerebrospinal fluid protein were 5.01±0.19 and 60.5±4.53 respectively. Nearly half of the child had co-morbidity in addition to admission diagnosis, meningitis. Two hundred twenty four(58.33%) patients exposed to at least one type of drug related problem. One hundred twenty one (31.51%) children were developed bacterial meningitis related complications. Drug related problem(AOR=6.26, 95%CI: 3.58-10.93), cerebrospinal fluid protein(AOR=9.38, 95%CI: 9.81.9-96), age(AOR=0.01, 95%CI: 0.13-0.19), duration of illness(AOR=) and co-morbidity(AOR=13.18, 95%CI: 1.81-5.6) were absolutely associated with the occurrence of complication. Conclusion: Drug related problem and associated complications were substantial among children admitted with meningitis. This study identified significant association between drug related problem and complication. Health professional shall prevent drug related problem to prevent associated complication.


Abstract: The results of this study indicate that: (1) DPS DPS at BMT-BMT in Purwokerto yet fully run seven role in BMT. They've run four roles that include directing, reviewing, supporting and playing. Three other role includes supervising, marketing, and mediating has not been implemented by the DPS of BMT-BMT in Purwokerto, (2) BMT-BMT in Purwokerto yet fully apply the shariah compliance. Of the six elements contained in the shariah compliance, BMT-BMT only applicate two elements, namely the conduct of halal profit business activities and trustful in paying and managing zakat and sadagah donation. Four other elements that have not been applied, that is, free of usury, gharar, gambling and trustworthy in operation; and (3) Constraints faced by DPS in their role as a watchdog of shariah compliance in BMT-BMT in Purwokerto are: (a) DPS's lacking knowledge about banking operations; and (b) DPS tend to occupied by their original jot.
Keywords: Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS), Shariah Compliance, BMT


In response to a suggestion by Harris (1962) concerning the need for a particular method for orthogonal rotation, it is demonstrated that no such method is possible.


In this study, copper(I) iodides and N,N′-bis(pyridylcarbonyl)-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (papo) reacted to give new metal−organic frameworks. In the absence of CH3CN the reaction gave [CuI(papo)]n (1) and [Cu3I3(papo)]n (2), whereas in the presence of CH3CN 2 and [Cu8I4(dmtrz)4]n (3; dmtrz = 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolate, from in situ ligand formation) were obtained. In the same pot in the presence of CH3CN, a red and mononuclear Cu(II) complex, [Cu(dmtap)2]I2 (4, dmtap = 2,4-dimethyl-1,3,5-triazapentadiene), was also isolated which supports the in situ synthesis of dmtrz by a non-ammonia pathway. The single and double stair-step structures of 1 and 2 are composed of single and double CuI-chains, respectively, and these chains are further linked through bridging papo ligands to form sheet structures. Although classical hydrogen bonding interactions in 1 is found absent, these interactions between amide−iodide in 2 were observed and found to increase its structural complexity. 3 contains a distorted Cu(I)...


Field-Coupled Nanocomputing technologies have great potential to surpass CMOS technology because of their lower power consumption and higher device concentration. To ease the burden of placement and routing (P&R) problems for FCN circuits, many delicate two-dimensional clocking schemes have been proposed, upon which algorithms can solve the P&R problems more strategically. In this paper, we propose a two-level optimization strategy by using a genetic algorithm (GA) combined with an enhanced A* algorithm. Some circuit design requirements, such as clock synchronization, layout area, etc., are cleverly designed in the fitness value function of the GA. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid algorithm. In particular, compared to current tools, such as fiction and Ropper, the proposed algorithm can achieve an optimal solution with a higher success rate and a sizeable applicable circuit scale. In addition, the concept of design rule checking (DRC) was proposed in FCN and integrated into the algorithm, making the P&R results mapping from gate-level to cell-level more smoothly. Besides, the number of cross wires is significantly reduced, and the distribution of IO ports can be more effectively controlled.


Any intelligent system performing evidence-based decision making under time pressure must negotiate a speed-accuracy trade-off. In computer science and engineering, this is typically modeled as minimizing a Bayes-risk functional that is a linear combination of expected decision delay and expected terminal decision loss. In neuroscience and psychology, however, it is often modeled as maximizing the long-term reward rate, or the ratio of expected terminal reward and expected decision delay. The two approaches have opposing advantages and disadvantages. While Bayes-risk minimization can be solved with powerful dynamic programming techniques unlike reward-rate maximization, it also requires the explicit specification of the relative costs of decision delay and error, which is obviated by reward-rate maximization. Here, we demonstrate that, for a large class of sequential multihypothesis identification problems under a stochastic deadline, the reward-rate maximization is equivalent to a special case of Bayes-r...


The life history and biology of billfishes have been engaging increasing attention of fishery workers in recent years primarily owing to the potential importance of this group of fishes in the development of oceanic fisheries. Of the two families, Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae comprising the billfishes, the taxonomy of the former is still in a state of confusion while the latter comprise of only a single species viz., Xiphias gladius which is widely distributed in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Five species of istiophorids viz.,Istiophorus gladius, Tetrapturus angustirostris, Istiompax indicus, Makaira mazara and Makaira audax are definitely known to' occur in the Indo-Pacific. Larvae of all these have been reported, mostly from the Pacific by Japanese workers, while the records from the Indian Ocean are comparatively few.


The invention discloses a beauty treatment face mask, which comprises the following raw material constituents (by weight ratio): silk fibroin 50-1005, other beauty treatment constituents 0-30%, oiliness compositions 0-20%, surface active agent 0-5%, polyhydric alcohol 0-5%, perfume 0-1% and macromolecular film former 0-20%.


In this paper was analyzed number of kernels per spike in 20 genetically divergent wheat cultivars originated from different breeding centers in Serbia. Investigation conducted during two seasons which characterized different climatic condition. For analysis used samples of 60 wheat plants (20 plants in 3 replications) which were harvested in full maturity stage. The differences in average values for number of kernels per spike in studied cultivars were determined. The variability of number of kernels per spike was established. In average, number of kernels per spike for all cultivars was higher in second year 72.22 than in first experimental year 68.73. The highest number of kernels/spike in both year expressed Tanjugovka cultivar and the lowest Yugoslavia cultivar. Average value of coefficientvariation for all cultivars varied from 14.19 in first year to 12.92 in second year. Average number of kernels per spike for both year of growing, varied from 54.56 in cultivar
Yugoslavia to 77.83 in cultivar Tanjugovka. Significant differences for number of kernels/spike were found among cultivars in both years as well between years. Heritability in wide sense for number of kernels/spike was 79.13%.


Stargazing is a right that humanity has been losing due to light pollution. In this context, my objective was to locate areas for astronomical observation through digital night image processing with Python by implementing an algorithm used in astronomy and discrete convolution to obtain the locations with dark skies. As a result, I was able to provide a tool to locate dark skies in Trujillo state (Venezuela).


This paper expounds the development of studies of Li Jianwu's modern dramas from the aspects of his biographies, dispute about the tragedy and the comedy, and his artistic characteristics, human nature and deep implication of his works, points out the fields that should be further researched.


Distribution and coordination environment of lanthanum (La) in internodal cells of Chara have been determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The results indicate that. after treatment with 4 mu mol center dot dm(-3) LaCl(3) solution for 12 h, most of La in cells is located in the cell wall fraction and the bonding is tight. The order of La concentrations in the subcellular fractions is cell wall >> cytoplasm > vacuole. The results of XAS show that La(3+) is coordinated to 9 oxygen atoms in the cell wall, and the coordination environment is similar to that of lanthanum acetate, which indicates that La bonds to the cell component via carboxylate groups. According to the high ability of La accumulation, Chara can act as a biological indicator or scavenger of rare earth pollution in aqueous solutions.


This article explores a volumetric approach in formulating differential equations for a class of engineering flow problems involving component transfer within or between two phases. In contrast to conventional formulation which is based on linear velocities, this work proposed a slightly different approach based on volumetric flow-rate which is essentially constant in many industrial processes. In effect, many multi-dimensional flow problems found industrially can be simplified into multi-component or multi-phase but one-dimensional flow problems. The formulation is largely generic, covering counter-current, concurrent or batch, fixed and fluidized bed arrangement. It was also intended to use for start-up, shut-down, control and steady state simulation. Since many realistic and industrial operation are dynamic with variable velocity and porosity in relation to position, analytical solutions are rare and limited to only very simple cases. Thus we also provide a numerical solution using Crank-Nicolson finite difference scheme. This solution is inherently stable as tested against a few cases published in the literature. However, it is anticipated that, for unconfined flow or non-constant flow-rate, traditional formulation should be applied.


The role of intermediate ηNN interaction is studied in coherent π0-photoproduction on the deuteron near η-threshold using a three-body model with separable two-body interactions. This work is motivated by the measurements of the CLAS Collaboration at Jefferson laboratory, where a cusp-like structure in the energy dependence of the differential cross section has been observed at extremely backward pion angles. Results for differential and total cross sections are predicted and compared with available data. We found that the results for differential cross section differ significantly from those predicted by a simple model in which only the impulse approximation and two-body process contributions are considered. In addition, the sensitivity of the results for unpolarized cross sections and polarization observables to the elementary amplitude is investigated and considerable dependences are obtained. The results revealed that the intermediate ηNN three-body calculation and the choice of the elementary amplitu...


This paper reports on the progress in the development of the instrumented tooth (IT). The IT is an orthodontic research tool to measure the six components of the force and moment vectors active in artificial dentitions. The new 17-mm-long, 5.2-mm-diameter force/moment (FM) sensor module utilized in the IT shows a significant improvement over previous designs. It consists of two mechanical stress mapping CMOS chips in a back-to-back configuration axially mounted between two metal pins. The resulting resolutions for measuring the force components Fx, Fy, and Fz are 178.mN, 67.mN, and 384.mN, respectively, improving on the state of the art by factors of 2, 11 and 8. With values below 2.15.Nmm, resolutions of the moment components Mx, My, and Mz are comparable to the previous state of the art. However My is better distinguished from Fz than before. Force and moment ranges are at least ±15.N and ±30.Nmm, respectively.


Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which leads over time to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. The aim of study was to determine the effect of endurance, resistance and combined trainings on glycemic control and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. Material & Methods: Subjects selected between diabetic clinic patients of Valliasr hospital of Fasa and members of Fasa diabetic association. 40 patients with necessary conditions (medical history) are selected by physician and randomly divided to equal 4 groups: endurance, resistance, combined and control. Patients both received own medications (consuming pills & diet) and did trainings program in 8 weeks (3 sections per week) under trainer consideration. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL, HDL, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, fasting 12 F. Khosravi, Z. Rahimi blood sugar (FBS) and insulin resistance were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The results indicated that insulin concentration and HbA1c decreases and HDL increases after resistance training (P<0.05). Combined trainings reduced insulin and TC concentration and increased HDL level in compare to the control group (P<0.05). Any changes in lipid profile and glycemic control were observed after the endurance training. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that resistance and combined training improve insulin concentration and lipid profiles rather than endurance training in type 2 diabetic patients.


characteristic of the teaching of geography considered as a supporting discipline in the training of landscape architects and urban planners. The article partially reproduces the first (pedagogical) volume of a research publication (Davodeau, 2020), which explains its biographical and reflective dimension.


The aims of this research are to find out (1) the discourse strategies used in the news text of Tri Rismaharini regarding suicide bombings in Surabaya, and to find out the ideology of Tri Rismaharini contained therein. The method used in this research is a qualitative method using Theo van Leeuweun discourse analysis model. This research shows that the news text of Tri Rismaharini in the suicide bombing case in Surabaya (1) contains discourse strategies namely: exclusion (passivation and nominalization), inclusion (specifications, assimilation, association-disassociation, indetermination-differentiation, functionalizationidentification, personalization-impersonalization, and over determination), language style (paradox, repetition, and assonance), and (2) The ideology of Tri Rismaharini which contained in the news is the ideology of humanity.


Forced vital capacity, Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, expiratory flow rates and V max at different lung volumes were statistically unchanged during the course of pregnancy compared to non pregnant control group. There was no restrictive or obstructive defects during the course of pregnancy despite the added mechanical load to the respiratory apparatus by the gravid uterus.


Abstract Complementary color coding is used in conjunction with nontraditional legend arrangements to create two-variable maps. The logic of a complementary color-coding scheme is simpler and easier for the map user to comprehend than the spectrally encoded scheme used to produce most of the two-variable maps published to date. In addition to the complementary color-coding scheme, an unclassed legend based on a line of best fit and a legend arrangement based on the binormal distribution are used to represent more accurately the structure of the bivariate scatter diagram. These legends avoid many of the statistical distortions introduced by the rectangular legend currently being used to produce two-variable maps. Although the unclassed two-variable map presents a true graphic correlation, the large number of color tones contained in the map confounds the map user. The two-variable map based on the binormal distribution combines the rectangular legend and an equiprobability ellipse to represent the legend d...


Error code 5.06 001 on Gambro Ak200S dialysis machine during the self check indicates the failure related to the level in degassing room.All hardware and software relevant to the machine were detected in maintenance.However,there was no problem found.Finally,an outer factor to have caused the failure of machine was confirmed.


This edition of the British Journal of Neurosurgery's picture quiz provides a series of questions to test the practising neurosurgeon and neurosurgeon in training on pituitary disease, related anatomy and pathology.


An aeroheating measurement test campaign of an Apollo capsule model with laminar and turbulent boundary layer was performed in the free-piston shock tunnel HIEST at JAXA Kakuda Space Center. A 250mm-diameter 6.4%-scaled Apollo CM capsule model made of SUS-304 stainless steel was applied in this study. To measure heat flux distribution, the model was equipped with 88 miniature co-axial Chromel-Constantan thermocouples on the heat shield surface of the model. In order to promote boundary layer transition, a boundary layer trip insert with 13 "pizza-box" isolated roughness elements, which have 1.27mm square, were placed at 17mm below of the model geometric center. Three boundary layer trip inserts with roughness height of k=0.3mm, 0.6mm and 0.8mm were used to identify the appropriate height to induce transition. Heat flux records with or without roughness elements were obtained for model angles of attack 28 under stagnation enthalpy between H(sub 0)=3.5MJ/kg to 21MJ/kg and stagnation pressure between P(sub 0)=14MPa to 60MPa. Under the condition above, Reynolds number based on the model diameter was varied from 0.2 to 1.3 million. With roughness elements, boundary layer became fully turbulent less than H(sub 0)=9MJ/kg condition. However, boundary layer was still laminar over H(sub 0)=13MJ/kg condition even with the highest roughness elements. An additional experiment was also performed to correct unexpected heat flux augmentation observed over H(sub 0)=9MJ/kg condition.


This presentation provides a brief overview of two recent missions to the Far East. The missions aimed to assess the status of microsystem technologies in Japan, Taiwan and Korea. In November 1999, the presenter of this paper was nominated to lead a "Benchmarking" mission to Japan and Taiwan, on behalf of the European Collaborative Network on Microtechnologies-NEXUS. Early this year, the presenter joined a British Government mission, sponsored by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), to Taiwan and Korea. The report detailing the results of the NEXUS Mission has been published and is available on the NEXUS Web-Site (http://www.nexus-emsto.com). The report on the DTI mission will be issued in conjunction with a major presentation by the mission delegates scheduled for Autumn this year.


The evaluation of users' satisfaction from the available e-Government services is a very important factor for the e-Government evolution. In this research, the MUlticriteria Satisfaction Analysis (MUSA) method and the related software is used in order to evaluate the users' satisfaction of agricultural e-Government services. For this reason, we used the results of a survey conducted for an agricultural e-Government web portal in Greece. Five main criteria and the thirty-one sub-criteria were used in order to calculate the global and partial users' satisfaction. From the results, the strong and the weak points of the agricultural e-Government services and the specific usability attributes that are more crucial for the users' satisfaction were determined. The results of the questionnaire revealed that the average level of the users' satisfaction is high but there are still actions to be taken in order to improve the provided agricultural e-Government services. Furthermore, the users of agricultural e-Government services attributed great importance to the criteria of interaction and accessibility. The MUSA method highlights the actions that have to be taken using action and improvement diagrams.


The manuscripts of Xinpusajing,Quanshanjing and Jiuzhuzhongshengkunanjing excavated in Dunhuang grottoes are apocryphal scriptures written by Chinese in the Tang Dynasty,which have high research value since they had not been collected in the Buddhist tripitaka before the Qing Dynasty. Some of them,which are fragments,had an influence on research work. By making a thorough investigation on the existing situation of the three apocryphal scriptures in Dunhuang documents,we figured out the exact volume number,the intact or fragmentary condition,and the specific coping form of the whole manuscripts. Based on the comparative analysis of splicing broken characters,context continuation,hangkuan accordance,calligraphy style similarity,we patched up 14 fragments of the three apocryphal scriptures into 7 groups,and got the fragments together. According to more information displayed in the patched-up manuscripts,we not only got accurate names for these fragments,but also made more objective,reliable judgment on their form,contents and nature.


Objective To test the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)45T→G and SNP276G→T in the adiponectin gene with type 2 diabetes in Shanghai Han population. Methods For the case-control study, PCR-RFLP method was used to determine the distributions of allele and genotype frequencies of SNP45T→G polymorphism in exon 2 and SNP276G→T polymorphism in intron 2 in adiponectin gene in 195 type 2 diabetic patients and 187 normal control subjects. Results The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of the SNP45 and SNP276 polymorphism were not different in diabetes and control groups(P0.05). There also was no difference in BMI between homozygous carries of the TG haplotype and heterozygous carries of the TG haplotype(TG/X) or noncarries(X/X) in diabetes and control groups(P0.05). Conclusion The results suggest that these two SNPs in adiponectin gene were not associated with type 2 diabetes in Shanghai Han population.


Parameters of strong shock waves in tungsten samples of various initial densities were investigated experimentally. Shock adiabats with negative slopes in pressure-density coordinates were found for porous samples at pressures below 0.5 x 106 atm. Bending of the adiabats and a change in the sign of their derivatives were observed with increase of the shock-wave amplitude. This behavior of the adiabats is accounted for by changes in the dependence of the effective Griineisen constant on the degree of compression and heating due principally to the increase in the electronic specific heat. Expressions are derived relating the partial derivatives ( BE/ BP) v and ( BE/ av) p with the slopes of two intersecting curves.


Stroke correspondence construction is a precondition for generating inbetween frames from a set of key frames. In our case, each stroke in a key frame is a vector represented as a Disk B‐Spline Curve (DBSC) which is a flexible and compact vector format. However, it is not easy to construct correspondences between multiple DBSC strokes effectively because of the following points: (1) with the use of shape descriptors, the dimensionality of the feature space is high; (2) the number of strokes in different key frames is usually large and different from each other and (3) the length of corresponding strokes can be very different. The first point makes matching difficult. The other two points imply 'many to many' and 'part to whole' correspondences between strokes. To solve these problems, this paper presents a DBSC stroke correspondence construction approach, which introduces a manifold learning technique to the matching process. Moreover, in order to handle the mapping between unequal numbers of strokes with different lengths, a stroke reconstruction algorithm is developed to convert the 'many to many' and 'part to whole' stroke correspondences to 'one to one' compound stroke correspondence.


It points out the solar energy and wind energy have the advantage of regeneration,resourcefulness,widespread and cleanness,so they become the new option of substitute for petroleum energy.The perspective and limitation of the solar energy and wind energy's application to the high expressway power system is analyzed on the base of the principal of them.At last,the project of them to the high expressway is present.


In this scientific writing, entitled Analysis of Consumer Satisfaction Of Services At Salon Nindi service, the researchers wanted to know for sure whether consumers are satisfied with the services provided or not. The analysis method is a method of Likert Scale (LSR) and Chi square test. In writing this scholarly writer distributing questionnaires to 50 respondents to make 15 the number of questions, conducted over two weeks, on May 19 until June 1, 2008, which is located at the Salon Nindi. By using the method of calculation of Chi square and then found that the calculated chi square value is calculated 41.17 X Â2 ; Chi square table of values that is, the X Â2 table 23.5418 This means that Ho or the null hypothesis or the hypothesis is rejected and Ha accepted interval. So the notion that consumers are satisfied with the Nindi salon services provided by Salon Nindi is true.


Acidobacterium capsulatum, a mildly acidophilic, chemotrophic, aerobe with the ability to grow on glucose, is found in diverse soil and aquatic conditions worldwide, suggesting a significant role in carbon and nutrient cycling in the environment. A. capsulatum has successfully been cultured and its genome has been completed, allowing for genome‐directed studies of the organism's glucose metabolizing capabilities. Based on the genomic information, this organism was thought to lack aldolase, but contained two putative transaldolase genes (TA), one of which contains and EF‐hand domain (TAEF). However, recent results show that there are both aldolase and transaldolase activities in cell‐free lysate. We are continuing to characterize the activities of aldolase and transaldolase in cell‐free lysate to better understand partitioning of carbon from glucose to energy production and biomass formation. Characterization will include pH and EDTA dependent studies to determine aldolase and transaldolase activity dependence on pH and calcium. Furthermore the two putative transaldolase genes have been amplified, cloned into E. coli and transformed into a pET151 directional TOPO expression vector. Experiments to determine whether the transaldolase genes can be expressed are in progress. Sequencing of the TAEF gene showed proper insertion into the expression vector. Current work is focusing on purification and expression of the TA and TAEF proteins. The evidence from these studies will allow for a better understanding of the role of transaldolase and aldolase as mediators of carbon partitioning between energy production and biomass formation in A. capsulatum. Future work will focus on identifying an aldolase gene and characterizing key regulatory points of glucose metabolism.


Dear Editor: I just read the Personal Reflection discussing medical oncologists and tumor board. Why would such a vitriolic diatribe filled with misinformation be accepted for publication? The tumor board that I attend bears no resemblance to the one described. Those with master's of social work degrees, on the contrary, are welcome to bring up social issues and are part of the multidisciplinary team. It is not the same as our hospice's interdisciplinary team, but it is getting close. Most oncologists would take exception to the ridiculous characterization of members of their specialty. The patient is paramount and all planning takes into account patient and family. What are your thoughts?


By the introduction and screening of high efficient Metarhizium anisopliae,Bacillus thuringiensis( Bt) strain,and studying the massive breeding and large-scaled releasing technology of Chouioia cunea and Trichogramma closterae,we constructed a set of early warning system of defoliator of the poplars control,In the 14 000 hm2 of biological control demonstration area in Baoying County,the area of emergency treatmant with biological preparation of Bt and chlorbenzuron were 66.67,333. 33 hm2 respectively during 2009 and 2010. In the rest of the stands,by releasing 0. 30 million per hm2 of T.Closterae or C. cunea and agroforestry system measures to control the damage,we gained the control effects up to 95% ~100% on the larvae of Clostera anachoreta or Micromelalopha troglodyte,playing a key role for large scale demonstration zone to maintain a low insect mouth density. The population density was greatly reduced and the targets of high efficiency,non pollution and sustainable management were achieved.


The aim of this work is the study of photogenerated charge transport in hybrid films composed of π-conjugated polymers and of semiconductor nanocrystals, designed for applications in optoelectronics. Chemical synthesis provides gram-scale samples of CdSe nanocrystals, of low polydispersity and con- trolled shapes (spherical, branched). In order to enhance their conductivity, the surface ligands of CdSe nanocrystals (stearic acid, oleylamine) are exchanged by smaller molecules, namely pyridine, ethanedithiol, phenylenediamine, butylamine and benzenedithiol. Optical and electrochemical studies show that the ligand exchange modifies the nanocrystals' energy levels. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films exhibit varying degrees of energetical disorder and of intermolecular coupling, depending on the processing method and on the solvent used. In hybrid films, the crystallinity of P3HT, probed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, is modified by the presence of nanocrystals. Time-of-Flight measurements of hybrid films show that electron and hole mobilities vary with the content of nanocrystals, with their shape, and with their ligands. Small volume fractions of nanocrystals enhance the hole mobility, and large fractions degrade it. Electron mobilities are percolation-limited: they reach a stable value for a threshold fraction of nanocrystals. The optimal fraction of nanocrystals for electron and hole mobilities is 36 vol% in hybrids made of spherical nanocrystals with their synthesis synthesis ligands. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations of photogenerated current transients in pristine poly(3-hexylthiophene) and in a hybrid sample show on one hand that the energy distribution of poly(3-hexylthiophene) rules the shape of the simulated transients, and on the other hand that nanocrystals can be described as little accessible sites of the hopping lattice.


the important plant species. Each has a scientific name and a common name. It is important that proper nomen clature be used because some plants are known by more than one name and some names are used for more than one plant. Why learn a plant's identity? • It is necessary when you inventory. • You can't rate your range without knowing the main species. • Some species are grazed more than others. • Some are more productive. • Some indicate particular site conditions and particular ecological conditions. Grasses, generally, are the most important plant category for beef producers, and this category is emphasized here. Each plant has specific parts with particular functions. Those for grasses are described next. Plants usually have roots, crowns, stems, leaves, and seedheads. To tell one plant from another, you must know the names of the main parts and their differences. This is shown on page 2 for grasses. Roots, unlike stems, have no joints, leaves, or flowers. The root's growing part is at the tip. The main functions of the roots are to take water and minerals from the soil to the stems, to store food over winter for spring growth, and to anchor the plant in the soil. Rhizomes are actually creeping underground stems with joints and leanike scales. You may have seen quackgrass or western wheatgrass rhizomes producing a new plant. Rhizomes store food and reproduce new plants. Stolons are like rhizomes, except they grow above the ground. They do the same job as rhizomes, food storage and reproduction. Above ground, a plant may be divided into vegetative and flowering parts. Vegetative plant parts include the stems and leaves. The grass stem is made up of nodes (joints) and internodes (between the joints); it is usually hollow but sometimes has pith in the center, similar to corn. The main functions of the stem are to transport water, minerals, and food between the roots and the leaves and to support the leaves. At each node (joint) on the stem, there is a bud, which may reproduce a branch or remain dormant. The leaf also arises from a node on the stem. The leaf is made up of two parts; the sheath, which fits closely around the stem; and the broad, expanded portion known as the blade. These two parts are jointed together at the collar, which has two parts. On the inside of the collar, next to the stem, is a small leaflike projection known as the ligule. On the outside of the collar, on some grasses, are two earshaped tips that clasp the stem. These tips are called auricles. The growing point of the grass leaf is at the base of the leaf and the sheath rather than at the tip. That explains why grass leaves can be grazed and still grow and produce forage for livestock. The growing point of herb stems is at the tip. When the tip is grazed or clipped off, the stem quits growing. The "flower" or head of a grass plant is made up many smaller units known as spikelets. At the base of each spikelet there are two leaflike bracts known as glumes. When there is more than one floret (single grass flower) in each spikelet, each floret is supported


Abstract : Deep-water ambient noise profiling Profile the spectral, temporal and spatial properties of broadband (3 Hz 30 kHz) ambient noise from the sea surface to the bottom of the deepest ocean. Develop theoretical models of the second-order spatial statistics of the noise. Marine sediment acoustics Develop a unified, physics-based model of sound wave and shear wave propagation in saturated, unconsolidated marine sediments. New focus is on very finegrained sediments (silt and clay). Doppler geo-spectroscopy Develop the use of a light aircraft as a sound source for performing inversions for the geo-acoustic parameters of the seabed in shallow water. New focus is on helicopter noise. 1) The scientific objective of the deep-water ambient noise research is to measure the second-order spatial statistics of the ambient noise in the deepest oceans as a function of depth, from the sea surface to the seabed. Regions of interest include the Mariana Trench, notably the Challenger Deep (11 km), the Tonga Trench (9 km), and the Puerto Rico Trench (8 km). Environmental and system data will also be depth-profiled, including temperature, salinity, pressure and (directly measured) sound speed, along with all system motions (translational and rotational). Theoretical modeling of the spectral, spatial and temporal properties of the ambient noise will also be performed. 2) The sediment acoustics research is aimed at developing a unified theory of wave propagation in marine sediments in the form of the dispersion relations for the compressional and shear waves. Besides the frequency dependencies of the wave speeds and attenuations, these expressions will also return the dependence of the wave parameters on the mechanical properties of the sediment, namely porosity, density, grain size and overburden pressure. A new focus is on the inter-granular forces in silts and clays and their role in controlling wave speeds and attenuations.


This paper presents an evaluation of evolved term-weighting schemes on short, medium and long TREC queries. A previously evolved global (collection-wide) term-weighting scheme is evaluated on unseen TREC data and is shown to increase mean average precision over idf. A local (within-document) evolved term-weighting scheme is presented which is dependent on the best performing global scheme. The full evolved scheme (i.e. the combined local and global scheme) is compared to both the BM25 scheme and the Pivoted Normalisation scheme.Our results show that the local evolved solution does not perform well on some collections due to its document normalisation properties and we conclude that Okapi-tf can be tuned to interact effectively with the evolved global weighting scheme presented and increase mean average precision over the standard BM25 scheme.


Abstract The fear and anxiety of COVID-19 and its related policy measures have increased individuals' psychological distress. The objective of this study was to examine relationships between material hardship, parenting stress, social support, and resilience and custodial grandparents' psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and further investigate the moderating role of kinship license status. A cross-sectional survey was administered to collect data from custodial grandparents (N = 362) in the United States. T-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression models were conducted using STATA 15.0. Results indicated that material hardship (OR = 1.77, p < 0.001) was associated with higher odds of psychological distress, whereas custodial grandparents' resilience (OR = 0.08, p < 0.001) and social support (OR = 0.39, p < 0.001) were associated with lower odds of experiencing psychological distress. Increased parenting stress in COVID-19 was not significantly associated with psychological distress. Kinship license status moderated the relationships between social support (OR = 0.23, p < 0.05), resilience (OR = 5.06, p < 0.05) and psychological distress. To address custodial grandparents' psychological distress, more allocated emergency funds and tailored financial services should be provided to meet material needs, and interventions with a focus on resilience and social support are particularly needed. Although licensed custodial grandparents were more likely to experience psychological distress due to their pre-existing vulnerability than unlicensed counterparts, parallel services should be provided to all kinship caregivers.


to 120 ゚, some of the negative surface leaders generated proceed along the string to the earthed counter electrode. The magnitude of the negative leader along the string is stronger than that of the leader on the insulator without a string. In the range of the contact angle from 120 ゚to 180 ゚, the negative surface leader which does not appear on the insulator without a string is generated along the string by the attachment. In the both ranges of the contact angle, the negative leader along the string promotes the flashover.


Research Support: This research was completed as part of a PhD program for R De Abreu Lourenco. R De Abreu Lourenco was the recipient of a University of Technology Sydney (UTS) Business School PhD Scholarship. The following author(s) are employed by UTS: R De Abreu Lourenco, M Haas, J Hall and R Viney. R De Abreu Lourenco, M Haas, J Hall and R Viney also receive funding from Cancer Australia for the provision of health economic support services via the Cancer Research Economics Support Team.


Anterior segment eye parameters are essential factors in diagnosis, screening and management of abnormal ocular conditions. Based on the previous studies, they might differ from one race or population to another. Sistan-and-Baluchestan province, the southeast of Iran, has special weather conditions and race, plus lack of research on these diagnostic factors. Hence, the objective of the present study was to assess anterior segment parameters using pentacam in this area. 800 eyes of subjects which had been referred to the Al-Zahra eye hospital of Zahedan, the capital city of the province, for corneal refractive surgery from October 2014 to March 2015 participated in this research. 95% confidence limits for mean of central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth and volume were (536.02, 541.20), (3.13, 3.18) and (187.63, 192.58) respectively. Multiple linear regression models showed a lower mean central corneal thickness, and maximum/minimum of keratometry, for males than females, adjusting for age and spherical equivalent. Inversely, anterior chamber depth, and volume were more in males. In order to diagnosis and treating ocular diseases which have effect on retinal thickness, precisely specification of predictive factors is highly needed.


There are, it would seem, two possible explanations of Mac- Arthur's behavior. He might have believed that he could get away with a policy of persistent insubordination until either the drift of the Korean war itself or a change in the political situation at home should make it possible for him to carry out his plans to attack China.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


A multi-cell concrete-filled still tube(CFST) mega-column with special shaped section was proposed,and its seismic behavior under horizontal forces in different direction was researched.The experimental research on seismic behavior of six 1/25 scaled multi-cell CFST mega-column models was carried out under vertical loading,as well as the horizontal low cyclic loading in different direction.The axial force ratio was 0.5 and 0.25.The horizontal load was applied along the long axis,the short axis,and in the direction of 45° intersetion angle with long and short axes,respectively.The load-bearing capacity,stiffness and its degeneration,ductility,hysteretic properties,energy dissipation capacity,and failure characteristic of models were analyzed based on the experimental results.Numerical simulation analysis was also made,and the its results agree well with those from the test.The results show that the multi-cell CFST mega-column with special shaped section has good seismic behavior,and the behavior is relevant to the direction of horizontal forces action.


The following work presents an analytically enriched finite element formulation capable of capturing steep gradients on a coarse mesh. This work has applications in capturing shocks and boundary layer effects that are not easily represented by standard Galerkin formulations. The proposed formulation may be considered an extension of generalized finite elements for flow problems and is based on the partition of unity framework. This study also investigates the computational performance of analytic enrichment. The main contributions include the application of the proposed method to complex engineering problems, a comparison to other state-of-the-art methods, and an evaluation of the accuracy of the proposed method.


Caribbean coral reefs are among the most threatened marine ecosystems in the world. Prior research, based on measurements of land-derived materials substituted in calcium carbonate that makes up the coral skeleton, demonstrate that intensification of local environmental stressors, such as sediment run off, can reduce the resilience of Mesoamerican coral reefs to global threats, such as warming ocean temperature in response to anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases. Material trapped in coral skeletons can also provide additional information on the sources of particulate matter in the ocean system as well as to resilience of corals. Despite the importance of quantifying sources and types of materials trapped in corals, the environmental factors that affect variations in trapped material incorporation into the coral skeleton remains unclear. The dataset presented here is a progression of two works presented at American Geophysical Union 2016 Fall Meeting. In this research, we explore the efficacy of XRay Fluorescence (XRF), a widely used tool in marine, environmental, geological and climatological studies, to correlate detrital metal content in coral cores collected from four locations near Belize to climate processes including variations in El Nino climate patterns, global and local seawater temperature anomalies, precipitation rates and human impact data in Belize. Through data analysis of data sets across time, we aim to identify the source and environmental stimulants that facilitate trace material uptake in the coral skeleton.


Two recent bulletins (A Laboratory Animal Health Monitoring Program: Rationale and Development and Serologic Testing to Monitor Rodents for Viral and Mycoplasmal Infection) have emphasized that laboratory animals adventitiously infected with pathogenic viruses, bacteria and/ or parasites are not suitable for research. This is because adventitious (i.e., accidental) infections may lead to clinical disease and pathological changes, especially in perinatal and immunodeficient animals. Although infections in post-weaning, immunocompetent animals are often subclinical, they can contaminate biological materials or change biological responses and cloud the interpretation of experimental results. Furthermore, some agents indigenous to laboratory animals are zoonotic. While causing asymptomatic infections of their natural hosts, such agents can cause disease and death in human beings.


Water plays a key role in the evolution of terrestrial planets, and notably in the occurrence of Earth's oceans. However, the mechanism by which water has been incorporated into these bodies—including Earth—is still extensively debated. Here we report the detection of widespread 2.8 μm OH absorption bands on the surface of the asteroid Vesta by the VIR imaging spectrometer on board Dawn. These observations are surprising as Vesta is fully differentiated with a basaltic surface. The 2.8 μm OH absorption is distributed across Vesta's surface and shows areas enriched and depleted in hydrated materials. The uneven distribution of hydrated mineral phases is unexpected and indicates ancient processes that differ from those believed to be responsible for OH on other airless bodies, like the Moon. The origin of Vestan OH provides new insight into the delivery of hydrous materials in the main belt and may offer new scenarios on the delivery of hydrous minerals in the inner solar system, suggesting processes that may have played a role in the formation of terrestrial planets.


Project-based learning is a comprehensive teaching concept that leads to the holistic development of the learner's personality. It is a method that effectively develops learners' key competences and fulfils the basic objectives of the educational dimension for the 21st century [1]. It focuses on the learner's independent work, transforming extrinsic motivation into intrinsic motivation. The main objective of project-based learning is to link school with real practice, develop critical thinking, change the way knowledge is acquired and integrate knowledge into a coherent system. The ability to present and argue factually, while respecting other learners, is an equally important part of the objectives of project-based learning. The learners are given the opportunity to learn about themselves and work on strengthening their confidence in their own knowledge and skills [2]. Moreover, each school subject offers many opportunities for project work and at the same time creates a unique platform for the implementation of cross-curricular relationships. The aim of our study is to identify those global skills that project-based learning enables to develop more intensively in lower secondary education. The study is the outcome of the research project KEGA 016UMB-4/2021 Global skills and their implementation in foreign language teaching in secondary schools as a means of developing students' key competences and the professional identity of future teachers in the context of the 21st century.


An industrial plant safety and fuel mixing ventilation control system, belonging ventilation engineering and control technology fields, including control devices, mechanical ventilators, inverter, three temperature sensors, voltage and current sensors. By monitoring the temperature of natural ventilation, the total input power outdoor temperature and industrial plants, according to the principle of conservation of energy, natural ventilation calculation principle and safety of industrial plants indoor set temperature is calculated in real-time to determine the mechanical ventilation of industrial plants need, and curing in the control device, according to the frequency converter fan - air flow characteristics of the fan input frequency reasonable control, in order to achieve industrial plant hybrid power-saving control of the ventilation system. The present invention is easy installation and maintenance, not only to ensure the safe operation of industrial plants and energy-saving effect is very obvious, with good economic and social benefits.


Copper, zinc and iron levels were investigated at various grain types and positions within developing grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. PBW-343). Mother shoots were divided into three grain positions included proximal (spikelet No. 1 to 5), middle (spikelet No. 6 to 15), and distal (spikelet No. 16 to 20) regions, and further into two grain types within each spikelet included basal (bold) (grain No. 1 and 2) and apical (small) (grain No. 3 upward). The plants were grown in a screen covered hall under otherwise natural conditions. Grain dry weight, copper, zinc and iron levels were evaluated in ten labelled spikes which sampled at 14th and 28th day after anthesis (DAA), and at maturity. The levels of the aforementioned micronutrients declined as the grains progressed towards maturity. The bolder grains possessed relatively higher levels of copper, zinc and iron concentration at all the stages of grain development as compared to smaller grains. The levels of copper and zinc concentration were higher in middle position as compared to proximal and distal positions respectively. However, in the case of iron, the concentration decreased in an acropetal fashion, as it was more in proximal position than middle and distal positions respectively. The results suggest that the grains reflected variable profiles with regards to distributions of nutrients within spike as well as spikelet.


One way to increase gas turbine engine blade reliability and durability is to reduce blade vibration. It is well known that vibration reduction can be achieved by adding damping to metal and composite blade-disk systems. This experiment was done to investigate the use of integral viscoelastic damping treatments to reduce vibration of rotating composite fan blades. It is part of a joint research effort with NASA LeRC and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Previous vibration bench test results obtained at UCSD show that plates with embedded viscoelastic material had over ten times greater damping than similar untreated plates; and this was without a noticeable change in blade stiffness. The objectives of this experiment, were to verify the structural integrity of composite plates with viscoelastic material embedded between composite layers while under large steady forces from spinning, and to measure the damping and natural frequency variation with rotational speed.


The feasibility of ring and dual-terminal structures for DC distribution network is discussed and the power equations are deduced and solved for the typical branch of chained DC distribution network. The grid connection of the distributed energy source and energy storage is compared between DC and AC distribution systems and results show that,the connection to DC grid cuts down on the DC / AC converter and filters. Hybrid DC circuit breaker is applied and a coordinated control model of DC distribution network is proposed. The results of simulation with PSCAD / EMTDC for a ring-type DC distribution network under both normal and fault conditions validate that,with the effective control and reasonable scheduling of distributed energy sources,the harm of short circuit fault to system is effectively limited and the short circuit time is decreased,ensuring the operation of DC distribution network more efficient and stable.


The invention relates to a method for shortening one or more blade (s) (2) of a turbomachine (3) by removal of material at the blade tip, and means (1; 19) for performing such a method, wherein shortening of the rotor blades (2) according to the invention a belt grinding apparatus (1; 19) is used and the required taper contour is generated along by a rotational movement of the blade on the fixed tool.


Based on the theory of new economic geography and relevant research results at home and abroad,this paper applies the econometric model of extreme bounds analysis to analyzing 10 indicators which impact on FDI location,including the labor cost,degree of opening up,information cost,quality of the labor force,infrastructures,concentration level,degree of marketizing,FDI stock,industrial structure and research and development capability.The results reveal that the labor cost,quality of the labor force,degree of opening up,FDI stock,industrial structure and concentration level produce significantly "robust" impact on the attraction of foreign investment,and the effects of the research and development capability,infrastructures,degree of marketizing and information cost are not so significant.


In order to remove phosphorus in eutrophic water and realize the resource utilization of aquatic plants, 12 kinds of biochars were prepared by using Phragmites communis Trin, Spartina alterniflora Lois and Mg2+ in different ratios. MgCl2 played a role as modifier. Thus, phosphorus adsorption capacity and different characteristics of biochars before and after modification were discovered. The results showed that when the ratios of Mg2+ to Phragmites communis Trin and Mg2+ to Spartina alterniflora Lois were 0.48 and 0.36, biochars had the highest adsorption capacity as 8.52 mg·g-1 and 9.21 mg·g-1 respectively, which were 79⁃fold and 66⁃fold higher than unmodified biochars and the phosphorus removal rate reached 85.2% and 92.1% respectively, for 20 mg·L-1 phosphorus solution. Compared to unmodified biochars, C, H and N content of modified biochars decreased while Mg increased to 22.77% and 23.46%. Specific surface area of Phragmites communis Trin biochar decreased by 118.71 m2 ·g-1, but that of Spartina alterniflora Lois biochar increased by 22.59 m2 ·g-1 . Pore volume and average pore width of these two biochars both increased. Surface functional groups of modified biochars were the same as unmodified ones. XRD patterns demonstrate that MgO was the most important phase in the composite nanoparticles of modified biochars; SEM images revealed surface and pores of modified biochars were filled with MgO. MgO was key component for phosphorus adsorption in biochar.


Enhanced confinement is observed in neutral beam injector (NBI)-heated hydrogen discharges made in the stellarator TJ-II after the injection of a single cryogenic fuel pellet into the plasma core. In addition to the expected increase in electron density, ne, in the core after pellet injection (PI), the plasma diamagnetic energy content is seen to rise, with respect to similar discharges without PI, by up to 40%. Furthermore, the energy confinement time, τEdiag, as determined using a diamagnetic loop, is enhanced when compared to predictions obtained using the International Stellarator Scaling law [H. Yamada et al., Nucl. Fusion 45, 1684 (2005)] and the triple product, ne · Ti · τEdiag, exhibits a clear bifurcation point toward an improved confinement branch as compared to the branch product predicted by this scaling law. In general, once such a pellet-induced enhanced confinement (PiEC) phase has been established, it is characterized by steepened radial density gradients, by more negative plasma potential in the core, more negative radial electric fields, Er, across a broad plasma region, as well as by reductions in density and plasma potential fluctuations in the density gradient region. In addition, experimental observations show increased peaking of core radiation losses, this pointing to edge/core plasma decoupling. In parallel, neoclassical simulations of reference and PiEC plasmas predict increased particle and energy confinement times during a PiEC phase together with a more negative Er profile. Qualitative rather than quantitative agreement with experimental parameters is found, indicating that turbulence seems to play a significant role here. In summary, single cryogenic pellet injection facilitates the achievement of an enhanced operational regime that was previously not observed in NBI-heated discharges of the TJ-II.


Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, which frequently recurs after curative resection. Several options to predict recurrence of HCC have been proposed, however, their prognostic ability is limited. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that distribution and numbers of T- and B-lymphocytes in different regions of the resected tumor may have different prognostic significance. Different subregions of HCC demonstrated uneven lymphocyte infiltration. CD20+ B-lymphocytes and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, or their combination in the inner tumor invasive margin and inner/outer margin ratios, convey the best prediction for time to recurrence and disease-free survival. The results offer a novel approach to the stratification of the risk of early tumor recurrence after curative liver resection. Abstract In this retrospective study on 67 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), after tumor resection, we evaluated the significance of CD3+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes and CD20+ B-lymphocytes in tumor and non-tumor liver for time to recurrence (TTR), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival. After immunohistochemical staining, the density of nucleated lymphocyte profiles (QA) was estimated stereologically in the tumor center (TC), inner margin (inn M), outer margin (out M), peritumor and non-tumor liver. In TC, intermediate and high QA of CD8+ cells predicted longer TTR, whereas CD3+ and CD20+ were predictive only at high QA. DFS was predicted by high QA of CD3+, CD8+ and CD20+ cells in TC. The inn M harbored smaller QA of CD3+, CD8+ and CD20+ lymphocytes than out M. In contrast to out M, high T-cells' QA and intermediate and high B-cell QA in inn M predicted longer TTR and DFS. High inn M/out M QA ratios of CD3+ and CD20+ cells were associated with longer TTR and DFS, whereas high inn M/out M QA ratio of CD8+ was predictive only for DFS. Patients with intermediate-high QA of combined CD8+ and CD20+ cells in inn M showed longer TTR and DFS, compared to CD8+-high or CD20+-high alone. Our findings highlight overall heterogeneity of the tumor invasive margin, the importance of inn M, and the predictive role of B-cells.


A method for face detection based on skin color segmentation and improved AdaBoostSVM algorithm was proposed.This method can improve the performance and speed of face detection.Skin color segmentation was implemented through the calculation of the similarity of skin color in YCgCr space.Then,the face regions of the candidate were obtained.An improved AdaBoostSVM algorithm was proposed to enhance the face detection accuracy according to the asymmetry of the face and non-face samples in face detection,and this algorithm was used to verify the face regions of the candidate.Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm enhances the performance and speed of face detection,and can detect face regions quickly and accurately with complex background.


The objective was to analyze the prevalence of students who were bystander's violence situations at school, making identification about attitudes of these observers on the issue of bullying in Aracaju, Nossa Senhora do Socorro, Sergipe, Brazil. Cross quantitative study was carried out from August 2012 to September 2013. There were 753 adolescent's participants. The sampling plan was based on the population of students enrolled in public schools of Grande Aracaju. We used the questionnaire "Peer Violence". The subjects who have witnessed violent situations were (51.4%). On ways to more observed aggression, verbal bullying was the most frequent (55.60%), followed by physical bullying (29%). The main reactions of victims of bullying, and who witnessed some aggression situation was not retaliate (42.6%), asking the aggressor to stop (21.8%) and calling an adult (12.87%). The victims were supported positively by the bystanders when the perpetrator was mostly male, older and integrated in the same class. Support for the aggressor occurred when ill-treatment was perpetuated by older individuals, male and belonging to another class. Bystanders have no yet constituted a network of supporting, and they have been engaged passively in ending bullying.


Determination of the plasma potential in the core of the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) Reversed Field Pinch (RFP) is one of the primary purposes of the MST Heavy Ion Beam Probe (HIBP). In particular, the relationship between the equilibrium electric field and plasma rotation and transport will be investigated. Preliminary measurements inside the core indicate that the plasma potential Φ P is positive and in the range of 0.5 kV to 2.5 kV for standard discharges (including the range of observed potentials and possible errors). This is the first such measurement in the core of an RFP with moderate temperature and density. Because an RFP magnetic field is produced by plasma currents, initial experiments have emphasized finding Φ P at locations known to be in the core of standard discharges, even though the magnetic field and, thus, the locations themselves are not fully known. The sensitivity of the beam ion orbits to the current profile is being exploited by using the HIBP signals to provide a constraint on the magnetic equilibrium model and thereby help determine the current profile. A simple density scaling experiment has been performed showing a significant decrease in Φ P with increasing density. The intriguing, though preliminary results from this and other experiments point to a significant role for Φ P measurements in an RFP.


A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the measurement of carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (CBZE) in human breast milk and plasma. The method involves rapid C18 solid-phase extraction of CBZ and CBZE. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a reversed-phase C8 column using a mobile phase of potassium dihydrogenphosphate (pH 2·5) and acetonitrile (67:33 v/v), with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. 2-Methyl CBZ was used as the internal standard. Determination of both CBZ and CBZE was possible in the range of 0·01 - 6·0 mg/L and 0·02 - 6·0 mg/L in milk and plasma, respectively. The recoveries of CBZ and CBZE added to the milk and plasma were 90·6 - 98.0% and 88·9 - 104·0%, respectively, with coefficients of variation less than 8·3% and 10·5%, respectively. The method has been used for drug level monitoring in milk and plasma samples obtained from CBZ-treated patients. The mean (SD) levels for CBZ in milk and plasma samples were 3·50 (0·4) mg/L and 6·18 (2·9) mg/L, and for CBZE were 1·28 (0·3) mg/L and 1·85 (1·0) mg/L, respectively. The mean (SD) milk/plasma ratios of CBZ and CBZE were 0·64 (0·2) and 0·79 (0·3), respectively. The milk/plasma ratio of CBZE was slightly higher than that of CBZ.


Diterpenoid alkaloid(DA),the characteristic components of genus Aconitum,was an important source as searching for new drugs and leading compounds for several years because of their various bioactivities and strong toxicity.This review deals with the advance in studies on structure-activity relationships of DAs in genus Aconitum,which can provide some value information for the proper structural modification to find high-efficient and low toxicity compounds efficiently.