In the summer of 1834, I was led to examine with considerable interest some of the phenomena of fluids, from the circumstance of having been consulted upon the means of improving a system of navigation to be conducted at unusually high velocities. Being well aware, however, of the very imperfect state of that part of Theoretical Hydrodynamics which relates to the Resistance of Fluids to the Motion of Floating Bodies, and that there had been found in its application to the solution of practical questions, discrepancies so wide between the predicted results and the observed phenomena, as to render the principles of the theory exceedingly false guides, when followed as maxims of art, I felt i t impossible to recommend conscientiously any mode of procedure founded on defective principles, and I therefore determined to undertake a series of investigations concerning the laws of the resistance of fluids, and the means of applying them to the formation of rules for the arts of practical navigation and naval architecture. In this investigation, I have now been engaged during the leisure of two summers, and I am still continuing to prosecute the investigation.


lymphatic channels, leading to a buildup of lymph pressure and backflow. Common causes include post surgery, trauma, neoplasia, and infections. It is very rarely described on the face. Treatments of OFG are primarily aimed to provide symptomatic relief or address cosmetic concerns. The most commonly used treatments are topical, intralesional, or systemic steroids. Topical tacrolimus and tetracycline have been used with some success. Other systemic agents such as hydroxychloroquine, dapsone, clofazimine, thalidomide, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors have been used. In view of the concern regarding the potential toxicity of systemic agents in her age group, alternative treatment options were considered. Because of the known beneficial effect of isotretinoin in rosacea with an underlying granulomatous pathology, isotretinoin was considered a relatively safe and theoretically effective treatment because of the shared pathology. Isotretinoin works by influencing cell-cycle progression, cellular differentiation, cell survival, and apoptosis. In addition, the proposed anti-inflammatory mechanism of isotretinoin, whereby it might increase host defense mechanism and modifies monocyte chemotaxis, may have helped in this instant in the prevention of granuloma formation. In conclusion, this is a novel and previously unreported case of OFG with significant clinical and histological lymphangiectasia successfully treated with isotretinoin.


The Social Policy Indicators (SPIN) database provides the foundations for new comparative and longitudinal research on the causes behind, and the consequences of, welfare states and social citizens ...


8 . N o paroxysmal headache or abdominal pain. In connection with these symptoms various divergent EEG changes, with preponderance for those of paroxysmal character, have been described (7, 25, 37, 43, 44, 66). As regards headache, however, no importance was attached to mild transient symptoms, such as those associated with temporary overstrain, with uncorrected refractive defects, or with menstruation. Subjects with headache and abdominal pain of non-paroxysmal nature were rejected if the symptoms were frequent or had given rise to medical examination.


A free information session for young council tenants aged between 16 and 25 years old will be held on Thursday 16 September at the Guildhall in Northampton.


In this talk, we report on a pair of monolithically integrated multi-wavelength transmitter and receiver PICs employing polarization multiplexing and quadrature phase-shift keying modulation to provide an aggregate bandwidth greater than 1Tbps on a single chip.


Objective To evaluate the outcomes of treatment for comminuted fracture of calcaneus that spreading to articular surface by internal fixation with titanium plate Methods 25 patients with comminuted fracture of calcaneus that spreading to articular surface were operated for internal fixation with titanium plate ,All the patients were followed up from 10 to 28 months to evaluated the function of calcaneus joint and rate of osseous fusion . Results All the patients can been osseous fixation .The function wre evaluated according to margland foot score :15 patients wre excellent ,8 patients wre good ,2 patients wre poor .no wound infectioned .15 patients had necrosis of wound edge. All of them can scar healed. Conclusion Treatment for comminuted fracture of calcaneus that spreading articular surface by internal fixation with titanium plate is an effective method.


In this retrospective study, we investigated the HPV DNA occurrence in 21 laryngeal and 26 primary lung squamous cell carcinomas. Nonisotopic in situ hybridization (NISH) technique was performed with commercially avail- able digoxigenin-labelled DNA probes for HPV screening. Subtyping for HPV subtypes 6/11, 16/18 and 31/33 was al- so performed. We observed HPV DNA signals in 10 (47.6%) cases of laryngeal SCC and in only 3 (11.5%) cases of lung SCC. Typing showed signals of HPV 6/11, 16/18 and 31/33 infection in 80%, 40%, 30% of the laryngeal carcinomas, re- spectively. In the lung, we demostrated type 16/18 positivity in two and type 6/11 in one of the HPV-positive cases.We found a statistically significant correlation between HPV in- fection and tumour recurrence (p<0.035) in laryngeal carci- nomas, but not between HPV presence and tumour stage or grade in neither larynx nor lung.


The advent of applicators having the capacity to adjust rates of fertilization as they move across fields has created a need to subdivide fields into nitrogen (N) management units, or areas of soil that should receive a common rate of N. This dissertation explores methods for using yield monitors on combines, the Global Positioning System (GPS) , remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS) to subdivide fields into N management units. Fertilizer treatments were applied in replicated strips 4.5-6 m wide and >500 m long across fields having several soil types. Combines with yield monitors harvested each strip as a single swath. Geographic information systems were used to divide the field into 28 m2 grid cells and yield responses to treatments were calculated from the appropriate paired cells. Cells within this grid formed a population of yield responses for the whole field or for any subdivision. The field was subdivided into possible manage ment zones by using soil survey maps or spatial pattern in light reflectance from crop canopies. Only when subdivisions resulted in yield responses great enough to pay for the treatment were the subdivisions considered different management units. Analysis showed that yield responses great enough to pay for the treatment were usually statistically significant. The experimental precision attained was considerably better than obtained in conventional small plot fertility trials. Re mote sensing of canopy reflectance could identify small areas chat differed substan tially from the surrounding soil. This information can be used to correct and add important details to soil survey maps and maps of N management units. An important advantage of this method is that populations of yield responses are


The impact of culture, violent environment, gender, and age on dream content was studied among 205 children in three groups: a Palestinian group living in a violent environment (n = 80), and Palestinian (n = 45) and Finnish (n = 80) groups living in peaceful areas. They were matched for age (7-12) and gender. The method used was a 7-day dream diary in which the participants recorded the dreams they recalled every morning. Results showed that living in a violent environment affected dream content more than did culture and personal factors. The results confirmed our hypothesis that a violent and dangerous environment was associated with mundane, intensive, and vivid dreams incorporating persecution and aggression themes. As an indication of individualistic versus collective dream characteristics, results showed that the dreams of the Palestinian children from Gaza incorporated more "external scenes" of anxiety, whereas the Finnish children's dreams had more "inner anxiety scenes."


Objective:To investigate the immune function changes of patients with hepatic carcinoma treated by AHCS(argon-helium cryosurgerystem).Methods:Total of 88 patients diagnosed as pathological metastatic hepatic carcinoma or primary hepatic carcinoma and the expected survival time of patients more than three months since July 2003 to October 2009 were selected.Samples were collected one week before and after 1 week treatment of AHCS.The Ag-NORs ratio of peripheral blood was analyzed using KL of image analysis system without other treatment.Results:After 3-12 months of cryosurgery treatments the tumor reduced significantly on B-ultrasonic and tumor was found disappeared in some patients.It was also found that the Ag-NORs ratio of peripheral blood from hepatic carcinoma patients treated by AHCS was significantly increased(P0.05) compared to that before treatment.Conclusion:Treatment of AHCS can enhance the cellular immune functions and improve the anti-tumor capacity of patients with hepatic carcinoma.


This article gives a criminological perspective in relation to modern criminal law and the figure of the devaluation of the action and the result in special crimes such as corruption in situations of national emergency, understanding the figure of devaluation as part of the unlawful element of the crime. On the other hand, it addresses the issue of public opinion as an important factor in the positive or negative assessment of an allegedly criminal act and its participation as a pressure and / or interest group before the State authorities against a fact of social relevance.


What is known about this topic? The emerging H5Ny lineages of the avian influenza virus (AIV) with genomic reassortments have posed a continuous threat to animals and human beings. Since the first case of avian influenza A (H5N6) virus infection in 2014, the World Health Organization has reported a total of 38 cases by August 6, 2021. What is added by this report? A total of 5 new cases of H5N6 that occurred from May 2021 to July 2021 in Sichuan Province, China were reported in this study. Epidemiological and laboratory information of the five cases were investigated. The genomic analysis of the H5N6 genomes showed the features of AIV genomic reassortments and key residue substitutions. What are the implications for public health practice? The emergence of human cases infected by AIV H5Ny lineages through time demonstrates a risk of the persistence and evolution of the virus to trigger sporadic outbreaks and even pandemics, which need continuous surveillance.


Paper discussed flame ignition stabilization analysis of N125MW direct current burner in pulverized-coal boilers of solid state discharge. According to analysis of flame ignition and effecting factor on pulverized-coal airflow, it is promoted that improved pulverized-coal flame ignition and controlled measure of no casting oil burning under low load. Then flame ignition stabilization of pulverized-coal and boiler safe steady operation is ensured.


Intraspinal human spinal cord‐derived neural stem cell (HSSC) transplantation is a potential therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, previous trials lack controls. This post hoc analysis compared ambulatory limb‐onset ALS participants in Phase 1 and 2 (Ph1/2) open‐label intraspinal HSSC transplantation studies up to 3 years after transplant to matched participants in Pooled Resource Open‐Access ALS Clinical Trials (PRO‐ACT) and ceftriaxone datasets to provide required analyses to inform future clinical trial designs.


The high strength steel plate according to the present invention contains 0.02 to 0.08% C, by mass, and has substantially a two phase microstructure of ferrite and bainite. The ferrite contains precipitates having particle size of 30 nm or smaller grain size. The steel plate has yield strength of 448 MPa or higher. The method for manufacturing the high strength steel plate comprises the steps of hot rolling, accelerated cooling, and reheating. The accelerated cooling is conducted down to the temperature of 300 to 600 DEG C at a cooling rate of 5 DEG C/s or higher. The reheating is conducted up to temperature of 550 to 700 DEG C at a heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/s or higher.


A copperohydrogel as a chemosensor has been successfully prepared by an easy method to allow highly efficient and selective naked eye sensing of biologically relevant MoO42−, WO42− and VO43− anions over simple anions in water.


The purpose of the so-called "competitiveness clusters" is to augment and speed up the production of innovation by boosting the dynamics of companies and their regional base. Within these "clusters," companies, and especially large industrial groups, play a crucial role. However, the R&D activities of these groups have become largely internationalized thanks to the establishment of global networks. Where, then, does this leave local areas, whose home-grown capacities for innovation may well be left behind? We shall see how the "competitiveness clusters," by leveraging proximity effects within their area and capturing the capacities for innovation of participating companies and laboratories, can support the establishment of global networks within a local area, thereby increasing the area's attractiveness. "Competitiveness clusters" could thus become both a driving force of innovation and a tool for local development.


We consider the approximation by integral type operators for Banach space-valued functions and its applications to various summability methods, which include typically the almost convergence method.


Author(s): Calhoun, Grayson Ford | Abstract: This dissertation consists of three independent papers. Collectively they attempt to formalize a notion of model "overfit"--the idea that a large econometric model can appear to fit a particular dataset well simply because it is large. This behavior is modeled by using asymptotic approximations that allow the number of regressors in a linear regression model to increase with the number of total observations. The first chapter looks at the behavior of the F-test under this asymptotic theory, shows that the F-test is generally invalid for these overfit models, and derives a correction that gives a valid test statistic. The second chapter looks at the behavior of pseudo out-of-sample comparisons of forecasting models under this asymptotic theory, shows that this asymptotic theory resolves some technical issues that lead to nonstandard test statistics, and gives conditions under which standard procedures remain valid for overfit models. The third chapter conducts an empirical comparison of several methods for comparing forecasting models out-of- sample.


Co, Mn and Mg specimens were oxidized at temperatures between 200 and 600°C in air. At the initial stage of oxidation, the specimen particles were covered with thin oxide layers and then a cavity formed at the central metallic region of the particles because of the migration of metallic atoms to the surface of oxide layer. The thickening of oxide layers on cobalt and manganese particles at 200°C followed an approximately logarithmic law. Sometimes whiskers of Co3O4 crystals grew on the surface of oxide layers. Very fine magnesium oxide powders of several tens of angstroms were often formed on the supporting film by the overflow of magnesium.


A three-dimensional eigenfunction expansion technique, based in part on separation of the thickness variable and partly utilizing a modified Frobenius-type series expansion in conjunction with the Eshelby–Stroh formalism, is used to compute the local stress singularity, in the vicinity of a kinked fibre/matrix trimaterial junction front, representing a measure of the degree of inherent flaw sensitivity of unidirectional carbon-fibre-reinforced composites under compression. Micro-kinking, more prominent in the misaligned regions of carbon fibres, is caused by crystallite disorientations, as detected by the Raman and X-ray measurements, as well as dislocation glide in crystallites and intra/intercrystallite disorders. The present analysis explains the test results relating to propagation of failure from such discontinuities in a unidirectional composite under compression. Numerical results presented include the effect of fibre wedge aperture angle on the strengths of the mode I and mode II singularities. Of special practical interest is the comparison of the inherent flaw sensitivity of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composites, because improvement of the compressive strength and kink toughness was earlier accomplished through commingling of highly anisotropic (and crystalline) carbon and isotropic (and amorphous) glass fibres at the tow level. Compression fracture of these composites can be fully explained and quantified by the present three-dimensional linear elastic stress singularity analysis-based method. Finally, numerical results, pertaining to the through-thickness variation of 'stress intensity factor' for symmetric uniform load and its skew-symmetric counterpart that also satisfies the boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of a compressed composite monolayer, in the vicinity of a trimaterial junction front, are also presented.


This paper proposes an approach to design an intelligent vehicle controller for partially supporting the driver's operation of a vehicle. Driving can be thought of as a system formed by the interaction between the driving environment, vehicle behavior and the driver's expectations for vehicle behavior. In this system, information on the road environment is paid a lot of attention in our work. Driver's intention to decelerate during driving operation comes mainly from information on former road environment that the driver percepts. New power-train control method that takes information on road curves into account is proposed. In this system, the data of former road curvature are predicted by calculating navigation map data.As a simple case study, the road situation that have straight road and curve road is dealt with in this paper. Driver's mental model for driving straight road in front of curve road is identified by an inductive analysis using experimental data. This mental model is installed to real experimental vehicle. As an example, a control procedure designed with the proposed model is applied to power train control. The experimental results show good performance in the vehicle control system.


As they did in 2006, the energy and housing markets will be among the dominant factors shaping the national economy in 2007.


This paper presents an investigation into the feasibility of using deep learning methods for developing arbitrary full spatial resolution regression analysis of B-mode ultrasound images of human skeletal muscle. In this study, we focus on full spatial analysis of muscle fibre orientation, since there is an existing body of work with which to compare results. Previous attempts to automatically estimate fibre orientation from ultrasound are not adequate, often requiring manual region selection, feature engineering, providing low-resolution estimations (one angle per muscle) and deep muscles are often not attempted. We build upon our previous work in which automatic segmentation was used with plain convolutional neural network (CNN) and deep residual convolutional network (ResNet) architectures, to predict a low-resolution map of fibre orientation in extracted muscle regions. Here, we use deconvolutions and max-unpooling (DCNN) to regularise and improve predicted fibre orientation maps for the entire image, including deep muscles, removing the need for automatic segmentation and we compare our results with the CNN and ResNet, as well as a previously established feature engineering method, on the same task. Dynamic ultrasound images sequences of the calf muscles were acquired (25 Hz) from 8 healthy volunteers (4 male, ages: 25–36, median 30). A combination of expert annotation and interpolation/extrapolation provided labels of regional fibre orientation for each image. Neural networks (CNN, ResNet, DCNN) were then trained both with and without dropout using leave one out cross-validation. Our results demonstrated robust estimation of full spatial fibre orientation within approximately 6° error, which was an improvement on previous methods.


Abstract An iterative method is proposed for a finite element approximation of three-dimensional eddy current problems. The method is based on an iterative method derived from a perturbation problem of magnetostatic problems. The TEAM model and a transformer model are considered as numerical examples. In both examples, BiConjugate Gradient (BiCG) method is applicable for the complex symmetric linear system arising in each step of the iterative procedure for a rather wide range of the perturbation parameter, and the present results seem to be suitable.


Dyeing rates and sorption isotherms were measured for Basic Red 29 on acrylic fiber in the presence of various electrolytes. The amount of the dye uptake is markedly influenced by the type of the cation, decreasing with increasing size of the ion. The tetrabutylammonium chloride appears to be a strong competitor for dye cation, being much more effective than the alkali metal cations. Moreover, various parameters are operative when different ions are present in the dyebath. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms can adequately be described by the Langmuir-type equation.


This paper addresses the mechanical performance study on epoxy nano-modified adhesives by graphene. The incorporation of graphene inside the epoxy paste used to join the adherents made of unfilled epoxy matrix, leads to an enhancement of joint strength. The experimental results show that the incorporation of graphene inside the epoxy matrix up to 1%wt, enhanced significantly the mechanical behavior of the bonded joints. On the contrary, the addition of 4%wt graphene, degraded the behavior of the bonded joints, probably due to the poor dispersion of the nanoplatelets in the adhesive which led to agglomerations that served as defects.


This study aimed to analyze the potential development of buffaloes in South Sulawesi with quntitatif method approach. Primary and secondary data were used in analyzing. The analysis showed that South Sulawesi have a large potenies for the development of buffaloes. In social perspective, the buffalo has been maintained by generations. Particularly in Toraja regency, buffalo is an important part in traditional ceremonies. Spotted buffalo habitat (tedong bonga) comes from this district, with high economic value of livestock commodities. Moreover, the potential labor forces is very supportive in the development of buffaloes, in terms of manpower, knowledge and farmer skills, and support in increasing the number and capacity of extension officers. Other districts also have potential to developing the ruminants such as buffaloes are Luwu Timur and Selayar District, where the utilization of its capacities seen from the availability of forage fodder, only used respectively by 5.35% and 10.23%. Beside it, on the buffalo development base area, Tana Toraja still have a chance to increase the population up to 25.563,77 AU; 16.440,05 AU in Toraja Utara Regency and surrounding districts such as Luwu, Luwu Utara, Luwu Timur and Enrekang.


Introduction We begin our discussion of specific mineral classes with the two most common constituents of the earth's crust: quartz and feldspar. From a genetic point of view such a priority is justified. They are present in most rocks and, without knowledge of them, it is difficult to discuss igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary mineral-forming processes. It is true that quartz, and particularly feldspars, display some of the most complex crystal structures, the details of some of which are not yet understood. In this context we will not dwell on intricate details but use silica minerals and feldspar to illustrate the principles of phase transformations and polymorphism that were introduced in earlier chapters. After a discussion of the minerals we will show how they form in granite and highlight some of the features of this rock of which much of the continental crust is composed. Silica minerals The silica minerals, with an overall composition SiO 2 , include many polymorphs (Table 19.1). Quartz is the most common member, occurring both in a trigonal low-temperature form (α-quartz) and a hexagonal high-temperature form (β-quartz). Other important silica polymorphs are α- and β-tridymite, α- and β-cristobalite, coesite, and stishovite. Opal is a solid silica gel containing a large amount of water. The stability fields of some silica polymorphs are shown in Figure 19.1.


A method is presented for the identification of the eigenvalues of systems characterized by bilinear differential equation models. The identification procedure is based on the existence of a zeroth harmonic, or DC shift, in the output of non-linear systems perturbed by a periodic input. The magnitude of the DC shift is a function of system properties and of the input waveform and frequency. After the appropriate equations based on a truncated Volterra series representation of a general bilinear system are presented, the regression problem associated with the identification procedure is discussed in detail. It is shown that in many cases good approximations of the system eigenvalues are obtained. Furthermore, a minimal order for any proposed system model is obtained. The method is robust in the sense that it employs system inputs which are relatively easy to generate. Also, the method requires only time averages of the system output, thereby minimizing the effects of measurement noise.


Aims:  To determine the effects of hops extract on in vitro volatile fatty acid (VFA) production by bovine rumen micro‐organisms.


This paper examined the significance of Cattaneo-Christov's theories on the flow of chemically reacting fluid past a stretching surface with thermophysical parameters. The mathematical modelling of the physical problem was represented by partial differential equations. The set of partial differential equations was simplified by employing suitable similarity variables to obtain the system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The transformed equations were later solved using the spectral relaxation method. The spectral relaxation method employs the basic concept of the Gauss-Seidel relaxation techniques. The outcome of this method was presented in graphs and tables. The thermal radiation parameter was found to enhance the velocity and temperature distributions. Also, the effect of the magnetic field parameter was found to decline the velocity profile. It was found that the Brownian motion parameter greatly influences the velocity as well as temperature profiles


In this paper,the pulsed MIG welding for heavy thickness aluminum members which are used as current carrying conductors in high current transformers of power transmission system,is introduced briefly.With proper welding machines,welding parameters given in this paper and special welding method,we can get high quality welding joints without preheating.From the result,it can be showed that this method is good enough to guarantee the welding quality and satisfy our requirements.


The contribution of the F- and H-Area Seepage Basins (FHSBs) tritium releases to the tritium concentration in the Savannah River are presented in this report. WASP5 was used to simulate surface water transport for tritium releases from the FHSBs. The WASP5 model was qualified with the 1993 tritium measurements at US Highway 301. The tritium concentrations in Fourmile Branch and the Savannah River were calculated for tritium releases from FHSBs. The calculated tritium concentrations above normal environmental background in the Savannah River, resulting from FHSBs releases, drop from 1.25 pCi/ml (<10% of EPA Drinking Water Guide) in 1995 to 0.0056 pCi/ml in 2045.


This paper presents a case study of developing a writing intensive course using the Writing in the Discipline (WID) model for architectural engineering. Background issues are discussed, terms defined and a detailed course description and outline are given. A writing model is presented that outlines the process by which students construct complex theory papers, starting with "lowstakes" writing activities that lead to "high-stakes" formal papers. External course and internal student continuous improvement plans are explained. Survey data and sample grade patterns are presented and analyzed to support conclusions. Introduction There is little doubt that our students need to effectively write in the discipline. Writing is a critical form of thinking. Good writing and thinking is methodical and process driven. Our students may be technically competent but many times they cannot clearly express themselves in written form. This paper presents a case study of a writing intensive course using the Writing in the Discipline (WID) model for architectural engineering in an upper-level architectural theory course. A detailed course description and outline is presented in conjunction with a step-by-step process for writing. It shows how students develop complex theory papers starting with "lowstakes" writing activities that leads to "high-stakes" formal papers. This process incorporates a continuous improvement plan that uses several types of peer review. A campus-wide committee, referred to as the Writing in the Discipline Committee, also reviews and approves the pedagogical writing process used in the course. Student survey data is presented to measure student attitudes and perceptions. Sample grades are presented to show trends. Analysis, recommendations and conclusions are given. The goal here is to present a useful case study for faculty interested in teaching a writing intensive or WID course. Background There are two important background points that should be made. One, what type of writing is currently emphasized in this discipline pedagogically? Two, are there significant writing style differences in the discipline that that require faculty in the discipline to guide the student thought and writing process? The current emphasis in engineering and engineering technology programs is placed on highly formatted technical and scientific laboratory reports. 1 The problem with this type of technical writing in the discipline is that it doesn't really prepare students to communicate 1 It is interesting to note that students have had a difficult time writing the conclusions in their laboratory reports. That is because conclusions are the most open-ended aspect of the report and require the summation of ideas. This complaint was one of the reasons for developing an earlier program at SUNY Farmingdale called Writing Across the Curriculum, a forerunner to the Writing in the Discipline program. Shapiro (2005) noted similar comments. P ge 10479.1 "Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering Education" their ideas in areas such as design, ethics, policy, philosophy and social awareness because it's too stylized and canned. Writing about these larger ideas is important because it comprises much of the rational behind professional decision making. If students can't articulate these ideas then they will be limited in their professional careers. There are also differences, diversity, and heterogeneity that are emphasized in writing in each discipline (Monroe 2003). We should prepare students to use this discipline specific type of shorthand and thought process for professional writing. We can conclude that faculty outside the discipline can't effectively critique the content and discussion within the discipline because of these differences. Faculty in the discipline should also emphasize the non-technical and open-ended aspects of writing in the discipline. The Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC) and Writing in the Disciplines (WID) movement were both developed to improve student writing. 2 There is literature on both sides to question or support WAC/WID goals and pedagogies (Ochsner & Fowler 2004). As faculty, we empirically know that the more students write the better they become so developing a structured writing routine is key to student success. As teaching practitioners, the issue is not so much about which program works better and can we prove it, rather how does the student become a better writer in their discipline? ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology) through their accreditation process promotes good writing and communication skills. 3 This requirement is based on employer surveys that have indicated that students cannot clearly express themselves. 4 These issues are driving the State University of New York at Farmingdale toward requiring that students take a writing intensive course in the discipline as part of the graduation requirement. Thinking and Writing Writing is a critical form of thinking (Zinsser 1988). It is developed through a formal method or process. It starts with collecting thoughts and refining them into very specific ideas. Reading, discussions, thinking out loud, note taking and free writing is all part of this collecting process that lead to critical writing skills (Woodward-Kron 2002). These experiences and ideas eventually become the prepositions that lead to a conclusive explanation of whatever point a student is trying to make; especially for theory writing (Gale 1998). Writing, reviewing, refining and rewriting become part of the finished process. Writing in the Disciplines Committee and Review The Writing in the Discipline Committee provides several important functions. First it publishes a Faculty Handbook on Writing (Shapiro 2005), that includes guidelines for writing intensive courses. The handbook is an excellent resource that includes approved sample course outlines. Second, the Committee peer reviews the course outlines. This becomes an opportunity for faculty to obtain suggestions and constructive peer criticism for improving the course. The 2 Although it may seem that the older WAC evolved into WID, they are two distinct programs. WAC continues to be developed as its own program as is evident by many recent publications such as Guide to Writing and Technology across the Curriculum: A Resource for Professors and Student Assistants (2003), Writing across the Curriculum: A College Snapshot (2003), Writing across and against the Curriculum (2003), etc. 3 TAC/ABET and EAC/ABET Criteria (g) graduates must demonstrate an ability to communicate effectively 4 Similar comments are routinely expressed at the Department of Architecture & Construction Management at SUNY Farmingdale's Industry Advisory Board and graduate employer surveys. P ge 10479.2 "Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering Education" committee also sets standards for what qualifies as a writing intensive course. 5 It also guarantees that a continuous improvement model for writing is incorporated into the course. Third, it provides a forum for interested faculty to participate in discussions, workshops and expanded faculty development opportunities. The Writing in the Discipline Committee also has a larger mission. The College is in the process of instituting a graduation policy of requiring students to take at least one writing intensive course in the discipline. This committee is charged with overseeing the review and approval process. This process includes completing a formal application and submission of course syllabus that clearly indicates the quality or types of writing used and the word quantity. The committee also asks each faculty to make a presentation and answer questions. The course should be 200-level or above. After review, the committee either approves the course or makes suggestions for improvement to meet the standard for approval. Terminology High-stakes Writing 6 High-stakes writing activities in this course include the formal essays on take-home exams and the term paper. All high stakes writing is graded and revised. Low-stakes Writing 7 Low-stakes writing activities in this course include journal writing from the readings and discussions, summaries and simple comparative essays. Only the simple essays are graded and revised. Student Peer Review Three types of student peer review were used. 1. Individual (private/known) peer review of one or two student papers only 2. Public reading and peer review of all student papers 3. Blind peer review and ranking of all student papers The Process A course description, outline and detailed explanation of components is presented in the appendix. The course uses two writing processes: low-stakes and high-stakes. The low-stakes process is outlined below. Students repeated this process several times before advancing to the high stakes process. The step-by-step process is outlined as follows: 1. Reading 2 to 3 architectural theories 2. Note taking and journal writing 8 3. Discussion and additional note taking 4. Simple writing application, usually a short comparative essay 5. Submit draft version, graded by faculty 6. Student peer review and comments 5 The Writing in the Disciplines Committee sets a 2,500-3,000 word high-stakes writing standard for each student in the course that can be broken up into one long paper and several short papers. 6 This terminology differs slightly from the definitions found in the Faculty Handbook on Writing (Shapiro 2005). 7 Ibid. 8 Dyment & O'Connell (2003) present an excellent historical overview of journal writing. P ge 10479.3 "Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering Education" 7. Revision to essay 8. Submit


The nanostrutured mesoporous silica materials MCM-41 with different pore sizes were synthesized by adding 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) as assistant agent in the reactant mixture. The obtained samples were investigated by XRD, HRTEM, FTIR and N2 adsorptions. It is shown that the pore sizes, ordered degree and specific surface area increase effectively with the incremental addition of TMB in an appropriate range, but the (100) peak intensity of XRD pattern becomes weakened and the ordered degree decreases when the additive quantity continued to increase. With the addition of TMB in an appropriate range, the effective surfactant ion pair packing parameter, g=V/a0l, is mediated in the range of 1/3-1/2 with the increment of V and l, indicating that mesoporous silica is a well-ordered hexagonal structure. However, when the addition of TMB increases, g value becomes larger, which leads to a less long-range ordered structure for the uneven condissolution of TMB.


The existing License Plate Recognition(LPR) has some common problems such as low rate and speed of recognition,high cost,etc.By fusing the multi-features as plate of black lettering on blue background,metal border and the proportion of length and width,the new system would quickly position the license plate,and it would simplify the designation and reduce the cost.This new system can be realized by Matlab program.The facts have proved that the new system is endowed with the advantages such as low cost,high speed of recognition and high rate of accuracy.


Petro-fabrics means an anisotropy of rock-forming minerals distribution.EBSD petro-fabrics analysis is a method to measure the distribution pattern of rock texture factors-minerals by means of Electron Back Scattered Diffraction system to plane net of a special mineral crystal.Based on the EBSD petro-fabrics analysis of deformed rocks from Kaladawan area,Altun Mountains,NW China,the authors draw the conclusion as follows.1There happens a strong deformation in the rocks from the area.2Quartz in granitic mylotite and altered deformed granite is mainly deformed along its prismatic I and II glide system and partly along its basal or basal-near glide system,while Quartz in deformed volcanic rocks is mainly deformed along its basal or basal-near glide system.3The deformations of the rocks from the northern part of the area happen under a medium and medium-deep depth of 15~25km,a middle and med-high temperature of 350~450℃and a middle pressure of 0.40~0.60 GPa,while the deformations of the rocks from the southern part of the area happen under a low-medium depth of 10~15km,a low-middle of 250~350℃and a low-middle pressure of 0.25~0.40 GPa.4Combine with the age of different deformed granite,the authors conside that the ductile deformation in the area was happened in early Paleozoic era.All features above are identical to specious position that they are located the convergent plate collision belt and the distribution of high-pressure eclogite and glaucophane schist and to their evolution history.


This study was carried out to evaluate the quality of the pulped cherry coffee submitted to continuous and intermittent drying in a fixed-layer dryer. The appraised qualitative indicators were the sensorial analysis (cup test) and chemical (total titrable acidity, polyphenols, reducing and non-reducing and total sugars, potassium lixiviation and electric conductivity). The treatments were continuous drying (without rest period) and intermittent drying (drying for 12 hours and rest period for 12 hours), by revolving the grain mass every 3 hours. The treatment with intermittent drying had a 52.63% longer total drying time when compared to continuous drying. Concerning the effective drying period, the treatment with intermittent drying showed a reduction of 24.56 % in number of hours, comparative to continuous drying. Both sensorial and chemical analyses of the pulped cherry coffee dried in fixed layer, continuous or intermittently operated, showed no differences in the quality of the coffee. Thus, the coffee grower can choose the best option for coffee drying, as a function of labor availability and operational costs.


Oxidative stress has been associated with cardiovascular disease and the development of hypertension in both humans and in animal models. Antioxidant therapy has been successful in ameliorating disease in animals, but the results from human studies have been largely disappointing. Despite these negative results, a wealth of evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the development of cardiovascular disease both in humans and animal models. Because global attenuation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) may not be advantageous, more recent therapeutic strategies target specific subcellular sources of oxidative stress. Most studies implicate plasmalemmal membrane-bound NADPH oxidase as a key mediator of ROS generation in cardiovascular disease. However, in the current issue of Circulation Research , Dikalova et al1 demonstrate that specific attenuation of mitochondrial derived oxidants prevents the development of angiotensin II–induced hypertension in the mouse. Perhaps more interesting is the mechanism: inhibition of a mitochondrial ROS-triggered activation of NADPH oxidase, interrupting a vicious cycle of ROS production. The novel approach of targeting the inciting source of ROS (mitochondria) to prevent accelerated oxidant production may hold more promise for humans by eliminating pathological but not homeostatic sources of ROS.

Seminal observations by Harrison et al2 showed evidence of increased oxidative stress within the systemic vasculature in an Angiotensin II–induced rat model of hypertension, piquing interest in a possible etiologic role for ROS in this condition. In animal models, stimulating ROS production can induce hypertension,2,3 whereas treatment with a variety of antioxidants including vitamin C and E, or targeted inhibition of enzymatic oxidant production, can reduce blood pressure.3–6 Hypertensive patients demonstrate increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity7 with elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide in plasma.8 Antioxidant treatment leads to enhanced vasodilation in both forearm and coronary arteries of human hypertensive subjects,9,10 indicating a functional vasomotor …


Observers of the formerly communist economies urge firms there to obtain funds from a relatively few sources. They note the problems the firms face: dysfunctional courts, markets, and statutes. Because these firms cannot rely on the courts to discipline managers, they predict that firms will do best if they raise their capital only from a few sources. Firms in Japan at the close of the nineteenth century similarly faced dysfunctional courts, markets, and statutes. Yet the firms that succeeded in Japan were not the ones that took the tack proposed by modern observers. They were the ones that used little debt and raised their equity from a large number of investors. In this article we outline how concentrated finance can introduce problems potentially as severe as the ones it mitigates and discuss why dispersed equity did not reduce firm efficiency in late‐nineteenth‐century Japan.


The importance of the analysis of circular columns to accurately predict their ultimate confined capacity under shear-flexure-axial force interaction domain is recognized in light of the extreme load event imposed by the current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Bridge Construction Specifications (AASHTO, 2014). In this study, various procedures for computing shear strength are reviewed. Then, the current procedure adopted by AASHTO LRFD specifications, based on the Simplified Modified Compression Field Theory, is evaluated for non-prestressed circular concrete bridge piers. This evaluation is benchmarked against experimental data available in the literature, and against Response 2000 freeware program that depicts interaction diagrams based on AASHTO (1999) LRFD requirements. Differences in results are discussed and future improvements are proposed. A new approach is presented to improve the accuracy of AASHTO LRFD calculations. The main parameters that control the cross section shear strength are discussed based on the experimental results and comparisons.


On classical passenger trains, the secondary suspension is commonly ensured by airsprings which are integrated in a pneumatic circuit. In addition to the pneumatic bellows, the circuit contains various pneumatic components such as tanks, pipes, orifices, levelling valves, etc., the purpose of the latter being to maintain a constant height between the carbody and the bogie. These elements can be connected in several ways leading to many existing suspension topologies. This paper deals with the multidisciplinary modelling of a vehicle equipped with such a suspension taking into account both multibody and pneumatic aspects. First, it depicts in more detail the various elements of a pneumatic suspension. Then, many criteria that influence the suspension morphology are presented: the kind of bogie, the use of an auxiliary tank, the position of this tank relative to the bellows, the kind of levelling system, the use of an additional anti-roll bar, the use of an additional hydraulic damper, etc. The description of the complete pneumatic circuit implies the use of thermodynamic models which take into account the airflow through the pipes and the valves, the pressure in the bellows, etc. Several pipe models are presented, the choice depending on the length of the pipe: an algebraic model is sufficient for short pipes, while a differential model is needed to take into account the dynamics of longer pipes. The pneumatic model is then coupled with a SIMPACK multibody model in order to analyse the behaviour of the complete vehicle. Two-point and four-point configurations are compared for Δ Q/Q and curve entry tests.


Vector orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) for single-antenna systems generalizes OFDM in that it converts an inter- symbol interference (ISI) channel into multiple "ISI-free" vector channels and involves vector channel matrices instead of channel coefficients in its one-tap equalization (demodulation). Over frequency-selective fading channels, vector OFDM with increasing vector length implicitly offers more signal space diversity advantages over OFDM. However, the com- plexity of the brute force demodulator increases exponentially in terms of the vector size. In this paper, iterative demodulation and decoding for convolutionally coded vector OFDM systems are studied, and in particular, low-complexity demodulation schemes that employ linear cancellation and feature linear complexity in terms of the vector length are proposed and compared. Following the introduction of demodulators with ideal linear cancellation as benchmark, demodulators with hard and soft in- terference cancellation and their initialization options are studied. The demodulator with soft interference cancellation dynamically updates the symbol estimates and their instantaneous reliability measure based on the code bit probabilistic information passed from preceding iterations. It alleviates error propagation that is detrimental to the demodulator with hard interference cancellation and shows performance close to that of the brute force demodulator, with great overall complexity reduction. Extensive simulation results demonstrate how the choice among the pre- sented schemes and the vector length affect the convergence rate and the achievable performance of the iterative receivers. Index Terms—Iterative receiver, signal space diversity, soft- input-soft-output (SISO) demodulation, soft interference cancellation, turbo principle, vector orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM).


Abstract Integrated pest management (IPM) initially focused on insect pest control. More recently, IPM encompasses a broader concept of management, one which crosses several disciplinary boundaries. This article reports results of research dealing with four integrated management decisions for alfalfa (cultivar selection, inset control, weed control, and end-of-season harvest options).


SANS measurements of deuterated polystyrene in undeuterated polystyrene solvents that vary in molecular weight are reported. The second virial coefficients decrease with increasing molecular weight of the solvent as is expected, but the functional dependence of this decrease is not in accord with Flory-Huggins theory or simple modifications of it. The results are qualitatively similar to earlier work of Kirste and Lehnen on the poly(dimethylsiloxane) system


Due to an increase in axle loads, the development of excess pore water pressure and settlement in a railway track foundation of fine-grained subgrade soil can be observed. A thorough understanding of the mechanism of development of excess pore water pressure is essential for understanding the development of settlements and the design of potential ground improvement. In this paper, a three dimensional numerical study is presented, which investigates the effects of an increase in axle loads of trains on both excess pore water pressure and settlement. Special attention is given to a soft soil layer beneath the embankment and the influence of ground improvement (deep soil mixing columns). As a result, an increase in axle loads leads to a considerable increase in both excess pore pressures and settlement in the subgrade layer. This increase is more significant in the case of heavy axle load (32.5 tons) than that of the light axle load (16 tons). In addition, cyclic loading can lead to a considerable increase in both vertical displacements and excess pore water pressure. The use of deep soil mixing columns reduces excess pore water pressures and settlements significantly.


This paper studies the short-run transmission of foreign shocks in a small open economy with capital controls and a fixed exchange rate. Capital controls alter the transmission of shocks because endogenous changes in the domestic nominal interest rate affect savings and investment decisions. The economy's reaction to export shocks hinges on how the government chooses to restrict capital flows; that is, whether inflows or outflows are restricted. For foreign interest rate shocks, private capital flows are important, but so are the government's holdings of foreign exchange reserves. Finally, a simple graphical apparatus is developed to provide a contrast to the case when capital flows are unrestricted.


We read with the interest the study by Mohamed et al. regarding the effect of a Red Blanket Protocol in a New Zealand non-major trauma centre. The authors should be congratulated on adopting a process to improve time to haemorrhage control, and evaluating the outcomes. However, we would like to comment on some areas within the manuscript: (1) The term Red Blanket actually originated from LAC/USC Medical Centre in Los Angeles, California, USA, where a patient identified as requiring immediate transfer to the operating room was covered with a red blanket. Dr. Michael Muller visited LAC and adopted this process at RBWH in 2007 (2) Red Blanket is definitely not a unique process in Australasia. Code crimson and OPSTAT are processes to expedite transfer to the operating room for haemorrhage control. (3) The stated difference between code crimson and red blanket in the discussion is incorrect. As per the reference of Tovmassian et al., the code crimson process is described at Westmead Hospital. Code crimson includes all of components of the Red Blanket protocol. Code crimson is not merely a process to notify consultant surgeon and anaesthetist attendance in the ED. The key component is transfer to the operating room in less than 15 min, that is, even more specific than the presented red blanket protocol. The distinction between names of processes is irrelevant. Both red blanket and code crimson are activated in the resuscitation room. However, it is important to note that prehospital code crimson is a different process, which mainly focuses on the early activation of inhospital processes for major haemorrhage control. (4) In fact, the code crimson process as described by Tovmassian et al., involves fewer steps in communication than the presented Red Blanket protocol. A single page/SMS is sent to all relevant staff. No separate communication is required between anaesthetic supervisor/theatre nurse co-ordinator/trauma team leader/ed. charge nurse (5) It is incorrect to state that no study has systemically evaluated the efficacy of red blanket on time from ED to KTS. Given the above statements that Red Blanket and Code Crimson are essentially the same process, the study by Tovmassian et al. demonstrated a median time from ED triage to OR time of 23 min for code crimson activations versus 95 min for non-code crimson activations. The presented times in this red blanket paper are significantly longer.


Through a fast and short-time laser irradiation process, in order to lethal specific cells of the cells cultured on the culture vessel, the is a layer containing a material absorbing this when irradiated with laser light to the container body with culturing cells on the surface of the irradiated layer of the culture vessel irradiated layer is provided, in the the irradiated layer was to irradiate the laser beam at a location just below the specific cells to be lethal.


A new special second-generation computer-controlled device has been developed for measuring biomechanical characteristics of the lower part of the spine vertebras L1–L5 [1]. During straining and measurement of the rigidity of the sample as a whole it is also necessary to observe the movement of individual parts of the sample and to measure their mechanical resistances. The measurement of displacement and rotation of individual parts of the studied model was evaluated by optical methods based on the principle of moiré interferometry and fast Fourier transform [2]. During this device development and its verification the lumbar samples were replaced with a system of wooden rollers with system discrete rubber pads. The new computer-controlled device containing four stepper motors, four strain gauges and two CCD cameras.


Background: Vitamin D roles in human health and wellbeing have been extensively studied in the recent years. It has essential roles in homeostasis and maintaining many physiological functions. These roles are vital in immune system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and reproductive system. Deficiency in this vitamin has been correlated with many diseases in the body, and it has been correlated with developing cancer. Objective: This study aimed to investigate levels of total vitamin D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) in cancer patients. Design: Retrospective. Settings: Taif city- king Faisal Hospital (KFH). Patients and methods: Serum levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were classified into normal, insufficient, and deficiency group, patients were grouped according to these classes.156 patients were included in this study, 128 females and 28 males, 100 healthy participants were included. Cancer patients were as follows, gastrointestinal tract cancer patients were 27, breast cancer patients were 73, female genital tract patients were 43, head and neck cancer patients were 6 and respiratory tract patients were 7. Sample size: 256 participants were 100 healthy controls and 156 cancer patients. Results: Deficiency was detected in most of the patients from both genders, and in both pre- and post-menopausal female patients. Conclusion: These findings support the belief that deficiency in vitamin D is a risk factor leading to development of cancer.


those men notorious for their propagandist services. Iiehiro Tokutomi, fervid ultranationalist editor, and Count Tadasu Hayashi, creator of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, are cited as authority for Japan's attitude; but the latter died a score of years ago, and Tokutomi's more intense anti-alienisms are ignored. The other Japanese are professional apologists for Japan's activities. The book's chief value is as a running story of the international relationship. It will be useful as a brief refresher of memory and as an inspiration for further research. HARRY EMERSON WILDES


Objective:
 To evaluate the role of procalcitonin (PCT), high senstive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) for prediction of subclinical intrauterine infection in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes.

 Methods:
 Twenty patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes PPROM (study group) and twenty apparently healthy pregnant women (control) group between 26-34 weeks of pregnancy were enrolled in this study.
 In all cases analysis of serum procalcitonin by high performance liquid chromatography, Il-6 by ELISA method and hs-CRP by nephelometry were done. Culture of vaginal bacteria was done for study group only.

 Results:
 Procalcitonin levels in the PRROM group were significantly higher than in healthy pregnant women (median 1.95 versus 0.39-Interquartile range 1.375 versus 0.213 – P0.001). A significant correlation was observed between PCT and hs-CRP (r=0.510; P0.031) and leucocytosis (r=0.544- P 0.013). Also IL-6 levels were significantly higher in cases of PPROM compared with control group (median 40.01 versus 5.55 – Interquartile range, 45.88 versus
 4.22 P 0.001). No significant correlation was present  between PCT and IL-6

 Conclusion:
 Determination of PCT, hs-CRP and IL-6 in mother's blood sample can be useful for diagnostics of PPROM cases suspected of intrauterine infection. However PCT more valuable and specific.


Now a day the usage of credit cards has dramatically increased. As credit card becomes the most popular mode of payment for both online as well as regular purchase, cases of fraud associated with it are also rising. Various techniques like classification, clustering and apriori of web mining will be integrated to represent the sequence of operations in credit card transaction processing and show how it can be used for the detection of frauds. Initially, web mining techniques trained with the normal behaviour of a cardholder. If an incoming credit card transaction is not accepted by the web mining model with sufficiently high probability, it is considered to be fraudulent. At the same time, the system will try to ensure that genuine transactions will not be rejected. Using data from a credit card issuer, a web mining model based fraud detection system will be trained on a large sample of labelled credit card account transactions and tested on a holdout data set that consisted of all account activity. Web mining techniques can be trained on examples of fraud due to lost cards, stolen cards, application fraud, counterfeit fraud, and mail-order fraud. The proposed system will be able to detect frauds by considering a cardholder"s spending habit without its significance. Usually, the details of items purchased in individual transactions are not known to any Fraud Detection System. The proposed system will be an ideal choice for addressing this problem of current fraud detection system. Another important advantage of proposed system will be a drastic reduction in the number of False Positives transactions. FDS module of proposed system will receive the card details and the value of purchase to verify, whether the transaction is genuine or not. If the Fraud Detection System module will confirm the transaction to be of fraud, it will raise an alarm, and the transaction will be declined.


From the concept,feature and meaning of landscape sports,this paper analyzes the Hangzhou landscape sports development condition and condition,discusses the advantage and countermeasures of developing landscape sports in Hangzhou,and provide the theoretical reference and basis for Hangzhou landscape sports sustainable development.


Abstract Introduction: Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) are physiotherapeutic conservative treatments to prevent and to treat pelvic floor dysfunctions. Objective: To investigate the immediate effect of one session of PFMT versus NMES associated to pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction on the PFM function in nulliparous women. Methods: This is a cross-sectional experimental study. Twenty women were randomized into the "PFMT Group" and "NMES Group". PFM function evaluation was performed by vaginal palpation and manometry before and after a single session. PFMT was composed by one series of eight sustained contractions of 6 seconds and one series of four fast contractions, in four different positions. NMES parameters were: biphasic pulsed current; frequency: 50 Hz; pulse duration: 0.7 ms; cycle on:off 4:8s; rise/decay: 2/2s, time: 20 minutes; and intensity: participant' sensibility. Data was analyzed by the ANOVA two-way for repeated measures to verify the difference between groups, within group and the interactions for PFM function. A 5% probability was considered in all tests. Results: There were no significant differences between groups. At intra-group analysis, there was a significant decrease in the maximal voluntary contraction (p = 0.01), by manometry, between pre- and post-session for both groups. Conclusion: The immediate effects of a single session of PFMT and NMES associated with voluntary PFM contraction are similar on PFM function, that is, no difference was found between groups.


We look at the subtyping problem for polymorphic types with F-bounded quantiication i.e. polymorphic types where a bound can be imposed on the type argument (by the subtype relation), and the bound is permitted to refer to the variable itself. We look at diierent possibilities for the rule and compare them.


In this paper, we present a system towards Indian postal automation based on pin-code and city name recognition. Here, at first, using Run Length Smoothing Approach (RLSA), non-text blocks (postal stamp, postal seal, etc.) are detected and using positional information, Destination Address Block (DAB) is identified from postal documents. Next, lines and words of the DAB are segmented. In India, the address part of a postal document may be written by a combination of two scripts: Latin (English) and a local (State/region) script. It is very difficult to identify the script by which pin-code part is written. To overcome this problem on pin-code part, we have used a two-stage artificial neural network based general scheme to recognize pin-code numbers written in any of the two scripts. To identify the script by which a word/city name is written, we propose a water reservoir concept based feature. For recognition of city names, we propose an NSHP-HMM (Non-Symmetric Half Plane-Hidden Markov Model) based technique. At present, the accuracy of the proposed digit numeral recognition module is 93.14% while that of city name recognition scheme is 86.44%.


We discuss and illustrate how symplectic integrators can be tailored to solve the time‐dependent Schrodinger equation, yielding a large new family of wave packet propagation methods. These methods are interesting because of their algorithmic simplicity and minimal storage requirements. A variety of such methods are obtained. Calculations and comparisons with various other methods are presented for a one‐dimensional Morse oscillator and a three‐dimensional unimolecular dissociation problem.


It is high time our youth realized the immense importance of reading in the wake of ever multiplying expansion of knowledge. Reading unlocks its precious treasure. Further, reading is not only the easiest of all language skills, but also the most useful. Nevertheless, reading is a very complex mental process. The reader is expected to explore the meaning below, above and between the lines as it does not appear on the face value of words. It is expected that this book will provide such useful tips to our youth as will help them to read faster and better both in their mother-tongue and English. Once they become efficient readers, reading will become a delightful activity, opening the doors of worldwide knowledge for them. This book is founded on psycho-sociolinguistic research of proficiency (or deficiency?) of socially handicapped, culturally backward, economically depressed, linguistically deficient, simple, and credulous tribal learners – exploited for centuries. It is believed that the literacy skill of reading as such can prove to be a panacea for all such weaker sections of society as the tribals, to raise their social status and help their brethren to stand on their own feet


Model calculations of incident shortwave radiation were performed for the Mount Kenya massif with the objectives of: (i) exploring the major factors controlling the ice distribution in the peak region: and (ii) determining the primary forcings that led to the differential retreat of the various glaciers.

The ice distribution on Mount Kenya, characterized by largest glaciers lo the south and east, is primarily controlled by the precipitation pattern. By contrast, the radiation pattern is unconducive to maintaining this ice distribution, as insolation tends to be higher on these largest glaciers. Spatial variability in the incident radiation is mostly due to shading effects, with cloudiness however being more important in reducing absolute values. Steep slopes, essentially above 5,100 m, and higher temperatures below 4,600 m are further limiting factors.

A drastic glacier recession is borne out by mappings of the ice extent in 1899 and 1963. Over this time span, the number of glaciers diminished from 18 to 11, and another disappeared since 1978. Of the eight defunct ice entities, six were small. By far the largest glacier to disappear since the turn of the century was the Kolbe, in a precipitation-abundant but radiationally very exposed location on the eastern flank of the mountain. The largest and now easternmost ice body, the Lewis, which occupies the radiationally most exposed location of all the glaciers, has experienced the greatest ice wastage.

The model calculations indicate that the drastic ice recession since the late 1800s is largely due to an increase in absorbed shortwave radiation accompanying, and in part brought about by, changes in cloudiness, precipitation, and temperature. In addition to the consequences for the overall ice amount, the spatial distribution of radiation totals, as influenced by topographical shading, appears to account for the remarkably diverse shrinkage of the glaciers on Mount Kenya.


Hyperspectral images can provide spectral characteristics related to the physical properties of different materials, which arouses great interest in many fields. Band selection (BS) could effectively solve the problem of high dimensions and redundant information of HSI data. However, most BS methods utilize a single measurement criterion to evaluate band importance so that the assessment of bands is not comprehensive. To dispose of these issues, we propose the hypergraph spectral clustering band selection (HSCBS) method in this letter. First, a novel hypergraph construction method is proposed to combine bands selected by different priority criteria. Second, based on the hypergraph Laplacian matrix, an unsupervised band selection model named HSCBS is presented to cluster the bands into compact clusters with high within-class similarity and low between-class similarity. The results of comprehensive experimental on two public real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of HSCBS.


A s legislatures and governing boards look for m^L ways to expand access to higher education m^^L at reasonable cost, their attentions turn m ^^L frequently to the teaching loads of unim ^^L versity faculty. The popular view is M/ggg/gJ^^ that faculty members are underused M ^^^^ m teacmn§ an(* preoccupied with M ^^L research. A redirection of faculty tj/tLtm mJKKktm effort, away from research and toward teaching, becomes the common prescription. Universities, especially research universities, resist efforts to alter the mix of faculty responsibilities, arguing (without much explanation) that such a step would hurt their reputations and quality. The back and forth about all this is noteworthy for the ignorance it reveals about faculty life on the part of those outside the university, and for the failure of those inside to provide a straightforward explanation of faculty life in its current form.


Teachers were inspired by the theme of Capitalising on Curiosity at the ALEA/AATE National Conference held in Canberra on 3-6 July.


In view of the fact that the output of system is unequal-interval angular rate and the interval can be obtained,a new trapeze integral increment strap-down attitude algorithm is proposed.Further more,in order to compensate the dynamic error,the unequal interval angular rate output rotation vector two-sample algorithm is derived.Simulation has been made in classic coning movement environment,the results indicate that when the output of gyro is unequal-interval angular rate,the new algorithm is much better than other attitude algorithms.


The problem of macrosegregation of alloying elements occurring during cast strand solidification in the continuous casting process is still valid; it is the subject of numerous experiments and theoretical considerations. A large percentage of this research is dedicated to carbon segregation, which, for understandable reasons, is vital for the production of high-carbon steels. The background knowledge on the mechanism of segregation occurrence indicates that it is a very complex effect, and a broad range of factors influencing the continuous casting process need to be considered. Therefore, it is difficult to translate information (provided by complex models of metal flow through a diphase area at the solidification interface of a cast strand) into practical engineering recommendations to reduce the macrosegregation effect. The presented study shows the latest research related to the carbon macrosegregation effect for selected high-carbon steel grades cast with a continuous caster. Problems related to the recording of the effect concerned have been pointed out. The second part of the paper presents the influence of selected casting parameters on carbon macrosegregation intensity when casting 160 × 160 billets with a six-strand caster. In this case, the main subject of the research was the influence of the casting speed on macrosegregation intensity. In the following step, an attempt was made to find the relationship between the cast strand structure and the distribution of carbon content on its cross-section. The ultimate objective of the presented study was to find an answer to the question on the technological capabilities of restricting the segregation effect.


The invention relates to a flexible touch display screen and belongs to the technical field of display equipment. The flexible touch display screen comprises a first transparent flexible substrate, a second transparent flexible substrate and a liquid crystal layer. A touch driving electrode is arranged on the first transparent flexible substrate and electrically connected with a grating line; a touch induction electrode is arranged on the surface, facing the liquid crystal layer, of the second transparent flexible substrate, and a touch induction layer is arranged on the surface, back to the liquid crystal layer, of the second transparent flexible substrate; the touch induction layer comprises an indium tin oxide (ITO) film layer and an Ag metal layer arranged on the ITO film layer. The ultra-thin flexible touch display screen can be obtained, and deflection between a clicking position and a liquid crystal display position is eliminated; adhesion between the ITO film layer and the Ag layer is good, the sensitivity of a touch screen panel is improved, the durability of the touch induction layer is guaranteed, and a transparent protection layer is good in abrasion resistance and has good oil rub resistance and fingerprint resistance.


Gas chromatography, especially when coupled with mass spectrometry, is the analytical method of choice for elucidation of biomarker compounds present in organic mixtures extracted from geological, environmental, and biological samples. This review describes the biomarker concept, i. e., the precursor natural products to the geological/environmental derivatives, and their application as multi-tracers in the geosphere and ambient environment. The mass spectrometric methods currently utilized for such analyses are reviewed with a general key to the literature, and typical examples of applications using GC-MS are also described.


Simple slope areas of continental sedimentary basins feature simple stratal overlap, gentle changes in slope, uniform dip angles and little fault development. Therefore, locating hydrocarbon traps in these environments presents a difficult challenge [1,2]. The Western slope of the Songliao Basin is a vast simple slope area with known hydrocarbon deposits. Based on the analysis of seismic, logging and core data, the paper discusses reservoir sandbody and hydrocarbon trap development and their distributions within the simple slope area of the Songliao Basin. This paper also analyzes the basin's structural evolution and sedimentary systems as determinants influencing the distribution of reservoir sandbodies and oil and gas bearing zones of the Songliao's Western slope.


Abstract The main goal of the paper is to sketch an ontological model of visual content at the low- and medium-level of visual processing, relying on psychological conceptions of vision. It is argued that influential cognitive models contain assumptions concerning "objects of content," that is, objects whose presence is a necessary condition of the adequacy of visual representations. Subsequently, the structure of considered objects of content is presented, and its development through the perceptual process is described. In addition, during the course of the article I present some connections between analytic metaphysics and the ontology of visual content.


Background:South Korea has recently started to implement a STEM-like approach in K-12 education, titled STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics), to train the next generations of students to be innovators. As this approach has been shown to increase educational success, it is vital to prepare and develop interest in middle school students to participate in STEAM. This study examined the impact of hands-on global climate change monitoring projects that follow the six structured inventive thinking (SSIT) approach on the knowledge and perceptions of STEAM content by middle school students.Materials and methods:The participants in the study were 68 grade 7 students from a middle school in Seoul, Korea. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the participants were measured on their STEAM knowledge and perceptions before and after participation.Results:The findings indicate that students who participated in global climate change monitoring activities not only reported gains in their STEAM content knowledge but also showed an improvement in their perceptions of STEAM subjects. This latter was more pronounced for female middle school students than for male students.Conclusions:This study suggest that carefully designed projects comprised of SSIT-based environmental activities can be effective at the middle school level.


We present optical approaches for live, high-resolution imaging and manipulation of mouse embryo cardiodynamics through OCT, second harmonic generation microscopy, and optogenetics.


In view of the loosening area of the oil well in low permeability oil reservoir with stress-sensitive,based on the steady seepage theory,with the influence of the start-up pressure gradient in the low-permeability oil reservoirs with stress-sensitive taken into account,a prediction model was established for the oil well,and the influencing factors of stimulation law was analyzed.The result shows that along with the radius of the dilatancy enlargement,the oil well productivity continues to incline in different the reservoir permeability and production pressures.The oil well productivity decreases with start-up pressure gradient at linear relationship,and the descending range of the oil well productivity was smaller with the start-up pressure gradient enlargement when the n value is little.The oil well productivity decreases with the deformation coefficient of permeability at concave relationship,and the descending range of the oil well productivity was sharp dropping in the earlier and slow decrease in the later with the deformation coefficient of permeability enlargement when the m value is big.


It is of vital importance to provide a continuous and comprehensive overview of the functionality of beam loss monitoring (BLM) systems, with particular emphasis on the connectivity and correct operation of the detectors. At CERN, a new BLM system for the pre-accelerators of the LHC is currently at an advanced stage of development. This contribution reports on a new method which aims to automatically and continuously ensure the proper connection and performance of the detectors used in the new BLM system.


Using a geometric approach, the performance of M -ary FH-DPSK in the presence of partial-band multitone jamming is evaluated. The optimal jamming strategy is determined as a function of the number of signaling levels M and the ensuing results are used to determine worst case bit error probability performance as a function of this same parameter. It is demonstrated that, for M = 2^{m} , the best performance is obtained for M = 4 .


The strength and uniform percentage elongation of aluminum alloy were analyzed by using the MSG plasticity theory and ABAQUS.The strain relationship between the MSG strain gradient constitutive equation and the classical elastoplastic constitutive equation and the stress of aluminum alloy with different crystal grain sizes was investigated with finite element method.The intensity and uniform percentage elongation of the alloy with different grain sizes were also simulated.The results showed that the yield strength and strain hardening of the alloy were significantly increased with the decrease of grain size.But the percentage elongation was on the contrary.


Factor graphs and Gibbs sampling are a popular combination for Bayesian statistical methods that are used to solve diverse problems including insurance risk models, pricing models, and information extraction. Given a fixed sampling method and a fixed amount of time, an implementation of a sampler that achieves a higher throughput of samples will achieve a higher quality than a lower-throughput sampler. We study how (and whether) traditional data processing choices about materialization, page layout, and buffer-replacement policy need to be changed to achieve high-throughput Gibbs sampling for factor graphs that are larger than main memory. We find that both new theoretical and new algorithmic techniques are required to understand the tradeoff space for each choice. On both real and synthetic data, we demonstrate that traditional baseline approaches may achieve two orders of magnitude lower throughput than an optimal approach. For a handful of popular tasks across several storage backends, including HBase and traditional unix files, we show that our simple prototype achieves competitive (and sometimes better) throughput compared to specialized state-of-the-art approaches on factor graphs that are larger than main memory.


The data obtained from a seismic profile extending from Maanshan, Changshu to Qidong in South China which is about 300 km in length, was processed.The result shows that the head waves and reflected waves from different interfaces in this region possess different characteristics. By use of the travel time discontinuties, apparent velocity variations, frequency spectrum forms, Q value variation and amplitude characteristics, it is shown that there is a deep rift and medium loose rubbish zone within the earth's crust in the Liyang seismic zone of Jiangsu province.The crust consists of layered medium in the region along the profile and the average thickness is between about 32-34 km. It is shown that the crust is getting shallower in the eastern continental fringe zone and there is a low velocity layer within the crust. The characteristics of deep structure in the Liyang seismic region along the profile are also discussed.


Abstract 1. Plants may benefit from both chemical resistance traits and the presence of predators of herbivores. In past studies, the interaction between resistance and predators varies from complementary to antagonistic among different systems. However, this interaction has primarily been quantified by effects on predator abundance or vigor, not effects on plant fitness.


The adoption of infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a reality for academic, industrial, and governmental institutions. Cloud tenants request dynamically provisioned virtual infrastructures (VIs) tailored to their application requirements, detailing not only the virtual compute/storage resources but also the network components, topology, and services. The creation of a large number of cloud providers came along with the widespread use of VIs. The selection of an appropriate provider is a challenging task due to the diversity of the IaaS market and formally is a multicriteria analysis (NP‐hard). Notwithstanding the provider selection complexity, the mobility of VI‐hosted applications is limited due to the optimization anchors introduced by providers. Although the existing IaaS cloud brokers can indicate a hosting provider, they lack on conceptual and technical skills to migrate a VI and all its internal components between providers. This work enhances the state‐of‐the‐art on IaaS cloud brokerage by proposing virtual infrastructure multicriteria allocation and migration–based broker (VIMAM), which performs a multicriteria analysis of providers and VI migration. VIMAM is driven by an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to select an IaaS provider, offering a set of predefined weighting schemas to represent distinct tenant perspectives. Moreover, to migrate a VI, VIMAM takes into account the virtual machines, containers, switches, and other topology elements. In addition to discussing the AHP ranking weights and frequency of providers selection, the experimental analysis details the implementation of an OpenStack and Docker–based prototype for VI migration.


Climate changes especially temperature and rainfall effect the habitat selection of bird migration in mangrove area to get some food and temporary stopover. The increase and decrease of temperature and rainfall is varies between upstream to downstream. This research was done to prove that temperature and rainfall are uneven in some area even in same boundary that can give impact in habitat selection of migratory birds. This research was concern around Matang Mangrove Forest, Perak that already familiar as focal area for migratory birds. Remote Sensing application was used in this research through use of ERDAS Imagine 8.5 which is based on pixels. This application helps to model the relationship between climate, namely temperature and rainfall with distribution density of migratory birds around the study area. Climate modeling was conducted to predict the distribution of migratory bird populations in the future due to changes in temperature and rainfall over a period of 5 years and 20 years. The results of this study showed a decrease in the population of migratory birds by 6.4% for a period of 5 years and a decrease to 7.5% for the last 20 years.  Sungai Sepetang and Sungai Selinsing shown that migratory bird populations decreased continuously after 20 years. However the Sangga Besar, Teluk Kertang, Temerlok, Pulau Pasir Hitam dan Sungai Tinggi area showed an increase in the arrival of migratory birds after 20 years.  This information analysis help the related agencies in manage and maintain the area around the Matang Mangrove Forest identified potential habitat for migratory birds in the future. In addition, through this study migratory bird monitoring can be carried out systematically on a wider scope without ignoring areas that strives to be the alternative habitat for migratory birds in the future.


We introduce Schwarz Waveform Relaxation algorithms (SWR) for the heat equation which have a much faster convergence rate than the classical one due to optimized transmission conditions between subdomains. We analyze the asymptotic dependence of the convergence rate with respect to the size of the overlap and the time step.


Status of oleoresin resources and naval stores industry in China is reviewed and development ofproduction of fine chemicals from oleoresin is stressed.Problems concerning such a development,like highcommercial value products,production scale,labour productivity,and co-operative research are also dis-cussed.


Over-approximating (OX) program logics, such as separation logic (SL), are used for verifying properties of heap-manipulating programs: all terminating behaviour is characterised, but established results and errors need not be reachable. OX function specifications are thus incompatible with true bug-finding supported by symbolic execution tools such as Pulse and Pulse-X. In contrast, under-approximating (UX) program logics, such as incorrectness separation logic, are used to find true results and bugs: established results and errors are reachable, but there is no mechanism for understanding if all terminating behaviour has been characterised. We introduce exact separation logic (ESL), which provides fully-verified function specifications compatible with both OX verification and UX true bug-funding: all terminating behaviour is characterised, and all established results and errors are reachable. We prove soundness for ESL with mutually recursive functions, demonstrating, for the first time, function compositionality for a UX logic. We show that UX program logics require subtle definitions of internal and external function specifications compared with the familiar definitions of OX logics. We investigate the expressivity of ESL and, for the first time, explore the role of abstraction in UX reasoning by verifying abstract ESL specifications of various data-structure algorithms. In doing so, we highlight the difference between abstraction (hiding information) and over-approximation (losing information). Our findings demonstrate that, expectedly, abstraction cannot be used as freely in UX logics as in OX logics, but also that it should be feasible to use ESL to provide tractable function specifications for self-contained, critical code, which would then be used for both verification and true bug-finding.


With the continuous acceleration of urbanization, urban public traffic congestion is becoming more and more serious. In order to alleviate traffic congestion, people's demand for public transportation is increasing. Due to the increasing passenger flow in the subway station, the original guidance signs in the station often fail to play the expected role, and passengers cannot get effective guidance in the crowded passenger flow. This paper takes the maximum amount of information obtained by passengers as the objective function to establish the guidance sign layout model, and chooses a 0-1 integer programming model to solve it. Based on the distribution coefficient ρij; , the passenger flow wij; , the weight coefficient d and the inverse of the number of intersections qij , these four variables are used to comprehensively analyze the amount of guidance information of the guidance signs, and set constraints based on the number of passenger flow lines and guidance signs. Xiyuan Subway station, for example, through the site of the actual passenger flow survey, to obtain the required parameters, and finally using MATLAB programming solution, to get an effective guidance sign layout position, improve the guidance sign guide efficiency.


VKernel, provider of performance and capacity management products announced that it will include support for Red Het Enterprise Virtualization (RHEV) in an upcoming version of ...


In this paper, the packaging of 1200V/75A Silicon Carbide (SiC) power module for a 5kW motor driving system was studied. The SiC power module integrated 3 phases switch, braking and rectifier functions. For prediction the performance of SiC power module, the thermal, thermomechanical and electric performance was simulated and analyzed. The assembly processes of SiC power module were chip bonding on a ceramic substrate, DBC bonding on Cu base plate and interconnection by heavy wire bonding. The static and dynamic performance was measured. The results showed that SiC power module was able to operate at 200oC. It is higher than the conventional Si IGBT power module(150t). The switching loss of SiC power module was only 1/3 of Si IGBT power module. Finally, the efficiency of SiC power module on a 5kW inverter system was about 97%.


The paper is a sequel to an earlier paper by Clarke published in T.F.A. vol. 27, p. 20 and it brings up to date the results of an investigation into the mortality experienced by various classes of impaired lives. For each impairment considered, percentages of actual to expected deaths are shown, the expected deaths being calculated from mortality rates applicable to a corresponding group of standard lives. In a separate section of the paper, the deaths are analysed by cause with a view to establishing what causes of death are responsible for the extra mortality arising among lives suffering from specific impairments.


REPRESENTATIVES of AIEE Sections met on Tuesday, January 31, during the Winter General Meeting to hear presentations by various Institute officers and Committee chairmen, and to discuss problems common to the Sections.


The nature of magnetism in the doubly-diluted spinel ZnTiCoO4 = (Zn2+) A [Ti4+Co2+] B O4 is reported here employing the temperature and magnetic field (H) dependence of dc susceptibility (χ), ac susceptibilities (χ′ and χ″), and heat capacity (C p) measurements. Whereas antiferromagnetic (AFM) Néel temperature T N = 13.9 K is determined from the peak in the ∂(χT)/∂T vs T plot, the fit of the relaxation time τ (determined from the peak in the χ″ vs T data at different frequencies) to the Power law: τ = τ 0 [(T − T SG)/T SG]−zν yields the spin glass freezing temperature T SG = 12.9 K, z ν ∼ 11.75, and τ 0 ∼ 10−12 s. Since the magnitudes of τ 0 and z ν depend on the magnitude of T SG, a procedure is developed to find the optimum value of T SG = 12.9 K. A similar procedure is used to determine the optimum T 0 = 10.9 K in the Vogel–Fulcher law: τ = τ 0 exp[E a/k B(T − T 0)] yielding E a/k B = 95 K, and τ 0 = 1.6 ×  10−13 s. It is argued that the comparatively large magnitude of the Mydosh parameter Ω = 0.026 and k B T 0/E a = 0.115 (≪1) suggests cluster spin-glass state in ZnTiCoO4 below TSG. In the C p vs T data from 1.9 K to 50 K, only a broad peak near 20 K is observed. This and absence of λ-type anomaly near T N or T SG combined with the reduced value of change in magnetic entropy from 50 K to 1.9 K suggests only short-range AFM ordering in the system, consistent with spin-glass state. The field dependence of T SG shows slight departure (ϕ ∼ 4.0) from the non-mean-field Almeida–Thouless line T SG(H) = T SG(0) (1 − AH 2/ϕ ). Strong temperature dependence of magnetic viscosity S and coercivity H C without exchange bias, both tending to zero on approach to T SG from below, further support the spin-glass state which results from magnetic dilution driven by diamagnetic Zn2+ and Ti4+ ions leading to magnetic frustration. Magnetic phase diagram in the H–T plane is established using the high-field magnetization data M(H, T) for T < T N which reveals rapid decrease of T SG with increase in H whereas decrease in T N with increase in H is weaker, typical of AFM systems. For T > T N, the data of χ vs T are fit to the modified Curie–Weiss law, χ = χ 0 + C/(T + θ), with χ 0 = 3.2 × 10−4 emu mol−1 Oe−1 yielding θ = 4 K and C = 2.70 emu K mol−1 Oe−1. This magnitude of C yields effective magnetic moment = 4.65 μ B for Co2+, characteristic of Co2+ ions with some contribution from spin–orbit coupling. Molecular field theory with effective spin S = 3/2 of Co2+ is used to determine the nearest-neighbor exchange constant J 1/k B = 2.39 K AFM and next-nearest-neighbor exchange constant J 2/k B = −0.66 K (ferromagnetic).


This article examines mobile health as a venue for disruptive innovation. It theorizes disruption as a discursive strategy and a business model that permeates and constructs Silicon Valley. The current trend toward for-profit privatization of healthcare has been used by Silicon Valley to market and develop mobile health technological solutions to the complex socioeconomic problem of healthcare delivery. The discourse of disruption shapes the mobile health industry's focus on individualized and personalized solutions to healthcare challenges. The article analyzes mobile health apps and their discourses as a case study through which we can begin to understand disruption's impact on the political sphere in general and the body politic in particular.


A mix network is a cryptographic construction for anonymous communications. In addition to anonymity, a reputable mix network first defined by Golle offers a reputation property: the mix-net can prove that every message it outputs corresponds to an input submitted by a user without revealing which input. This property can shield the mix-net from liability in the event that an output message is objectionable or illegal. In this work we analyze two reputable ElGamal based mix-net schemes proposed by Golle and present two active attacks for them. Our attacks rely on the homomorphism properties of RSA signature and ElGamal cryptosystem and can break the reputation properties of those schemes. We also show how to counter our attacks by using secure hash functions.


Demand for stem cells from cord blood is greater than supply. Nicholas Fisk and Rifat Atun examine the potential of Virgin's combination of personal and public banking to increase storage