Tu1 HE FACSIMILE was invented in 1843 by Alexander Bain , and thus has even earlier origins than the telephone, invented  by Bell in 1876. However,  the  facsimile  came  into practical use substantially more slowly than did the telephone. Using early achievements in electronics engineering such as the vacuum tube and photo cell, practical models were developed in the 1920's in the  United  States,  Germany,  France,  and Japan.  After  their  introduction,  facsimile  apparatuses were used  in  specialized  areas,  such  as  for  transmission of news pictures  and  weather  maps,  and  pickup  and elivery  of telegrams.  The  actual  numbers of machines were small, however,  and  until  about I O years  ago  facsimile  could be considered a sleeping giant. As background for the increasing use of facsimile, which is playing an  important  role  in  office  automation  today,  the following factors should be pointed out.


The paper addresses the problem of the lower performance bound evaluation for harmonic retrieval in multiplicative and additive noise, especially when the SNR is low and/or when the number of available samples is small. As a novelty, we express an accurate approximation of the Ziv-Zakai bound in closed-form. This enables us to analyse the influence of some signal parameters on performance and to characterise the so-called threshold region


Our recent works concerning the electrical instability and low frequency noise (LFN) behaviors of a-IGZO TFTs are reviewed and significant results are reported. The experimental and modeling study of bias-stress-induced threshold voltage instabilities shows that the threshold voltage shift is mainly attributed to the electron injection from the channel into interface/dielectric traps in a-IGZO TFTs. By comparing the results from devices with different dielectrics, we find that the magnitude and time dependence of the threshold voltage shift are strongly dependent on the gate dielectric material in a-IGZO TFTs. The measured noise power spectral density shows that the LFN in a-IGZO TFTs obeys the classical 1/f noise theory, i.e., fits well to a 1/fγ power law with γ ∼ 1 in the low frequency range. From the dependence of normalized noise power spectral density on the gate voltage, the bulk mobility fluctuation is considered as a dominant LFN mechanism of a-IGZO TFTs in the linear operation regime.


Nonlocal stringy versions of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio and Gross-Neveu models arise in a certain limit of holographic QCD. We analyze the phase structure at finite density and temperature at strong coupling in terms of probe branes in the gravity dual. Comparison with the phase structure of the local field theory models shows qualitative agreement with some aspects, and disagreement with others. Finally, we explain how to construct the Landau potentials for these models by taking the probe branes off-shell.


The gymnasium building of the former Nova Scotia Technical College/Technical University of Nova Scotia was designed by architect Andris Kundzins of the firm Duffus, Romans & Single, Architects & Engineers of Halifax, NS and built by Annapolis Valley Construction. The building ultimately cost $415,000, provided by the Nova Scotia government, the Nova Scotia Technical College Alumni Association and contributions from Canadian industry.


reformed—and the necessity of doing so in order to preserve capabilities whose true value is known only to a small number of government officials. In this respect, America's Secret Power picks up where former director of Central Intelligence Stansfield Turner's important book Secrecy and Democracy (1985) leaves off. Taken together, the two books contribute a realistic basis from which professors and students today can effectively debate the role of intelligence as a public policy issue without having to feel handicapped by lack of access to government secrets. The importance of Johnson's contribution to the debate about the future of U.S. intelligence agencies cannot be stressed enough. While there are many books today about the process of intelligence—what it is, how it's done, and by whom—most do not take on the burden of proving that secret services can function in ways consistent with U.S. democracy. But this is now critical to do, especially considering the period ahead. The traditional argument used to justify the existence of the CIA—and the rest of the U.S. intelligence community, for that matter—is the need to have such a capability for national security. But in an era when the threats and adversaries of the Cold War are rapidly disappearing, national security is apt to lose its magic to unlock scarce funds or permit highly placed individuals to operate without much accountability. Implicit in this situation and in the argument of America's Secret Power is the need for the CIA to play by the rules, accept congressional overseeing, and train its operatives to undertake only activities consistent with U.S. law and democratic values.


In Europe the electricity network business is facing large investment needs in the coming years, due to the increased requirements for quality as well as the fact that a major part of the electric network, especially in the rural areas, is coming to the end of its lifetime. There is therefore a need to be able to analyze the network in order to find the right locations for investment, i.e. the right parts of network to be renovated or reconstructed, in order to maximize the improvements of network with optimal investments. More and more attention is also put on the quality issues, minimizing outages. In order to be able to do the right decisions, all the possible known aspects should be taken into account, i.e. as many as possible information sources should be used. There are several sources of information available; Network information systems have been widely in use since 90's and there are national statistics available about outages and the reasons for them. Also condition information for network components have been collected for some years in many network companies. There has however not been any system in use utilizing the available data extensively in a way that support the decision making in network companies.To be used for the first order headings.


The study examines the phenomenon of the December protests in Russia when thousands of citizens were involved in the protest movement after the frauds during the Parliamentary elections. There was ...


In the daily practice of Kampo medicine, a small string in the midline of the abdominal wall called the seichushin can be recognized. This paper intends to clarify anatomical aspects of this string by means of MRI or CT imaging. As a result of this study, this string's position distal of umbilicus was detected as the urachal remnant, and the proximal position was detected as the Lig. teres hepatis . The relationship between signs of the shofukufujin and seichushin has been not clear in some textbooks. The result of this study indicated that seichushin was detectable under the prerequisite condition of shofukufujin. That is, seichushin was inclusive special sign of shofukufujin, as has been already reported. On the other hand, the proximal seichushin was detectable under the condition of very weak tonus of the abdominal wall.


«Epistemological ideas about the nature of science in preservice biology and chemistry teachers». In this case study was carried out a diagnosis of the conceptions about the nature of science in a group of twenty preservice biology and chemistry teachers at the UPEL-IPC, Venezuela, who had finished the 2006-II semester. Several aspects of the nature of science were considered: scientific methodology, observation, scientific experimentation, tentative na ture of scientific knowledge, dynamic generation of scientific knowledge, relation theory-law, relation theory-hypothesis and relation science-society. The results of the content analysis of the answers revealed that students manifested epistemological ideas with a traditional tendency about most of the aspects considered in this study, except the tentative nature of scientific knowledge and the dynamic generation of knowledge; the social-science relation presented a high percentage of non manifested ideas. The results are consistent with other studies and constitute a diagnostic basis for the design of a future didactic intervention.


By analyzing the factors which influence the reduction process and ferrum powder's quality, reduction temperature,reduction time,scale thickness and additive quantity are chosen to discuss their effect on the chemical composition and the crushed property of sponge iron.


We have previously identified that the LPAR3 gene is commonly hypermethylated in foci transformed by two non‐genotoxic carcinogens (NGTxC). In this study, we validated the down‐regulation of LPAR3 genes using qPCR analysis in both NGTxC‐induced transformed foci and another v‐Ha‐ras‐transformed NIH 3T3 cells (Ras‐NIH 3T3). We revealed that LPAR3 overexpression significantly increased migration of Ras‐NIH 3T3 whose migration capacity was much lower than that of their parental cells. However, LPAR3 overexpression in Ras‐NIH 3T3 cells resulted in the inhibition of cell survival concomitant with G2/M arrest. On the other hand, inhibition of LPAR3 signaling with Ki16425 had little effect on cell survival of Ras‐NIH 3T3 cells with low level of LPAR3 expression, whereas inhibiting cell survival of NIH 3T3 cells. These results imply that LPAR3 plays a positive role in proliferation of NIH 3T3 cells but not in that of its ras‐transformed cells. To further analyze the role of LPAR3 during carcinogenesis, LPAR3 knockout (KO) in NIH 3T3 cells was generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Four clones from nine initial clones were confirmed with sequencing for genomic editing at the target site. From this initial screen, one clone with biallelic homozygous fragments deletions was selected for further analysis. WST‐1 assay showed that LPAR3 KO greatly inhibited cell survival of NIH 3T3 cells. LPAR3 KO also reduced migration of NIH 3T3 cells. Taken together, our results indicate that LPAR3 might be functionally involved in malignant cell transformation. Further research will be required to understand the intrinsic relationships between cell survival and migration.


SUMMARY

A virus with isometric particles c. 26–28 nm in diameter isolated from naturally infected lucerne (Medicago sativa) in Australia and reported there to be a strain of lucerne Australian latent virus (LALV), is shown to be a distinct virus. The virus, called lucerne Australian symptomless (LASV), was mechanically transmitted to 10 of 22 plant species inoculated, but only induced symptoms in three Chenopodium species and Gomphrena globosa. Virus particles occurred in relatively low concentrations in plant sap, and the virus could not be reliably maintained in culture by serial transmission to plants during winter (October-April). During the summer, sap of infected C. quinoa remained infective after diluting 10-2 but not 10-3, after heating for 10 min at 50 but not 55 oC and after storage for 24 days (the longest period tested) at 20, 4 and -15 oC. LASV was seed-borne to 6% of C. quinoa seedlings. Partially purified preparations of virus particles contained one nucleoprotein component with a sedimentation coefficient of c. BOS. Particles contained two polypeptide species of estimated mol. wts 26 000 and 40 000, and two ssRNA species which, when denatured in glyoxal, had apparent mol. wts of 2–5 times 106 and 1–4 times 106. The infectivity of virus RNA was abolished by incubation with proteinase K. Purified particles of LASV reacted with homologous antiserum (gel diffusion titre 1:256) but not with antiserum to LALV or to 13 other plant viruses with isometric particles including arracacha B (AVB), broad bean wilt, rubus Chinese seed-borne (RCSV) and strawberry latent ringspot (SLRV) viruses, and five comoviruses.

These properties distinguish LASV from LALV and from all recognised nepoviruses and comoviruses. Its closest affinities are with SLRV, RCSV and possibly AVB; these viruses may comprise a distinct virus group or nepovirus subgroup.


pages 996 and 1070 of the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, vol. ii, 1923) will give rise to a real consideration of the problem of garden city " sanitation. It seems that Dr. Hindhede, coming from Denmark to visit English garden cities," and hoping to find them veritable examples of urbs in rure, was woefully disappointed. Like Triptolemus Yel4owley, when lhe bought Piers Ploughman's Vision from a packman, he was charmed with the title; but now, findinlg 'no agriculture in it, he flings from him the impudent and misnamed libel. Dr. Maefadyen stands forrus in urbe. For him there is problem. The methods of the town, he holds, are equally. applicable in the " garden city." The issue lies between the daily use of niight-soil as manure in a highly developed system of horticulture, and the approved water-carriage sewage system ending in the destruction of what, in the other method, wouldhave been manure, by the septic tank or some other means of biological purification. I would plead for the consideration and decision of that issue in conneKion with the lay-out of entirely neew building scheines amongst rural surroundings. Dr. Maefadyen refers to the Poore systemi-tried


Neural network is a collection of "neurons" which send "signals" to produce an output. Human brain contains approximately 100 billion neurons. One neuron may be connected with more than 10,000 other neurons. The main part of our body is Brain which sends the signals in form of the neurons and again achieves the output. In this paper we want to try a combined approach with Linear Vector Quantization and Hopfield neural network to implement the new data mining techniques. There are so many data mining techniques which is used by different types of neural network such as multilevel neural network, Back propagation neural network.


This report discusses in detail findings and observations
of 5 years of research on the sea otter population and its
relationship to the nearshore marine environment in California. Initial efforts were directed at providing some relief to the commercial abalone fishery in the Cambria - Point Estero area north of Morro Bay. This fishery has subsequently collapsed along with other commercial and sport abalone and sport crab fisheries throughout the sea otter's range due to continued sea otter foraging. Capturing, tagging and translocation studies, censusing studies, examination of sea otter remains, habitat surveys, food habits observations and studies on otters in captivity provide a broad base of information on the expanding
sea otter population in California and its effects on
resources utilized by man. Recommendations for sea otter
management consistent with esthetic, recreational, and commercial uses of marine resources are included in this report. (95pp.)


Tumour budding (TB) describes single or small groups of neoplastic cells that lack continuity with an advancing tumour front. Poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs) are larger and qualitatively different. TB grade and PDCs may predict a worse outcome in colorectal carcinoma and other cancers and fall into the category of 'invasive front prognostic markers' that also includes intratumoural stroma type. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) allows the adoption by epithelial cells of mesenchymal characteristics such as dyscohesion, migration, and stromal invasion. TB and PDCs harbor alterations in EMT‐related proteins and RNAs and may be morphological manifestations of EMT. However, persistence of epithelioid features and absence of a full complement of typical alterations in TB and PDCs may indicate 'partial EMT', i.e. an intermediate/hybrid state. Recently, Pavlič et al asserted that TB and PDCs in colorectal cancer represent different manifestations of partial EMT and, perhaps controversially, that TB is closer than PDCs to complete transition. In clinical practice, low inter‐observer agreement for invasive front prognostic markers is a potential problem. The UK colorectal cancer pathology dataset advises assessment of TB and recommends the use of an international consensus system, but time will tell if we are adopting reliable prognostic markers or reinventing the wheel. Additional studies of TB, PDCs, and EMT will presumably allow greater insight into their role in tumour development and progression. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.


Rotation can be used as an approach for weed management, because density and combination of weed seed bank may be affected by rotation. In this study effect of rotation in diversity and density of weed seed was studied in three rotation systems (fallow – barely, maize – barely and canola – barely). Results showed that fallow – barely rotation system have high population density in seed bank and highest amount of Shannon diversity index (H = 0.84). In canola – barely rotation system because of different herbicide uses and special traits of canola, population of weed seeds in seed bank was significantly lower that other rotation systems. Results showed that canola – barely rotation system because of combination special herbicide and agronomical and biological characteristic of canola, in comparison with other rotation systems is more successful in decreasing of weed seed bank.


The periodontium comprises all structures surrounding the teeth, including gingiva, root cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Those tissues aim to protect and support the teeth and are challenged by a residing microbiota that leads to subclinical inflammation even in physiological conditions. Periodontitis, a prevalent multicausal inflammatory and destructive disease, develops as a result from complex host-parasite interactions. This unique physiologic and pathologic scenario enables the development of research methods which allows conclusions beyond the simple understanding of periodontal homeostasis. The aim of this viewpoint was to explore potential contributions of periodontal research to a wide array of basic science specialties, such as cell and molecular biology, microbiology, immunology, endocrinology, rheumatology, among others.


This study aimed to investigate the physical characteristic of health promotion club young members,by comparing and analyzing the physical index of health promotion club young members,for a better understanding of their own physical condition,which has targeted to achieve formulate science of exercise program provide important reference.This paper has use questionnaire survey,measurement and mathematical statistics other research tools.Select the age of 20~34 years old in Ningbo health promotion club members,as the younger subjects.Based on 《REPORT ON THE SECOND NATIONAL PHYSICAL FITNESS SURVEILLANCE》,test and analyze from the aspects of physical fitness,rules and regulations.The results show: the height and body weight index of male young members of Shenyang city health promotion club has entered the body mass index range of grade Ⅰ obesity in the factor of age,habit,drink and etc,while there are no obvious differences between physical fitness and functional index.The balance ability of male young members under 24 groups and the flexible quality of female are superior the young members above 25 groups.In a total,as the different purposes of fitness,the physical fitness situation of female members is better than the male's;the health level has shown a downward trend as the increasing of age.


As programmers we have worked with many Application Development Interface API development kits. They are well suited for interaction with a particular system. A vast source of information can be made accessible by using the http protocol through the web as an API. This setup has many advantages including the vast knowledge available on setting web servers and services. Also, these tools are available on most hardware and operating system combinations. In this paper I will cover the various types of systems that can be developed this way, their advantages and some drawbacks of this approach. Index Terms--Application Programmer Interface, Distributed applications, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, Web.


Cr-n-Al2O3 composite coating was grown on grey cast iron substrates by brush plating.X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM) were employed to investigate the grain size and morphology of the coatings.Energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) was used to analyze the distribution of n-Al2O3 in the surface of the coatings.In addition,hardness,wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating were also tested on microhardness tester,wear tester and electrochemical workstation.Results indicate that the composite coating presents compact structure,and there are no obvious defects.The addition of n-Al2O3 leads smaller grain size.With the dispersion-strengthening and fine-grain strengthening effect,the Cr-n-Al2O3 composite coating exhibits enhanced hardness and improved wear resistance.The content of n-Al2O3 also affects the corrosion resistance of the composite coating.


Authors have investigated the monthly distribution of vibrio flora in sea water, mud, fish and shellfish in the public beaches at the suburbs of Busan in order to determine the possible origins of food poisoning. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The monthly distribution shows that V. parahaemolyticus occurs from May to November and V. alginelyticus all the year round. 2. A total of 40 strains of Vibrio flora were isolated from 40 sea water samples, 25 strains from 40 mud samples, If strains from 88 shellfish samples, and 3 strains from 30 fish samples. 3. More strains were isolated from the samples collected at Yongho and Suyeong that at the other localities. 4. A total of 80 strains of Vibrio flora, isolated from 198 samples, were divided into two groups : V. perahaemolyticus with 20 strains and V. alginelyticus 60 strains.


The fate of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees growing in a variety of stand conditions was assessed annually for a decade following an outbreak of jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus Freeman) in central Saskatchewan. Mortality was clearly associated with the severity and damage sustained by the trees during the second year of the defoliation episode. The pattern of mortality was remarkably similar among stands that originated in decades that spanned 60 years. Mortality rates were highest in stands that originated in the 1890s and were lowest in stands of the most recent origin (1940s). Defoliation severity, the length of dead top, diameter at breast height, and relative tree height expressed as a standard normal variable accounted for 94% of the variability in survival time. A nonparametric proportional hazards model was developed to evaluate the relative risk of individual trees dying. Defoliation is an important process in determining stand density, basal area, and volume after juvenile stand d...


The article is a summary of research in China and overseas on the effect of gossypol, its compound and its derivatives in contraception and in the treatment of gynecological diseases. Many of these studies demonstrated the antifertility effects of gossypol and its compounds. Nevertheless, some issues related to its use still need to be resolved. The incidence of reduced blood potassium among users and the irreversibility of infertility resulting from oral administration in males have been important concerns. Besides the contraceptive dosage of gossypol has produced harmful effects on the liver. Whether there are longterm toxic effects on the heart and kidney is still unknown. Numerous reforms of the molecular structure of gossypol have eliminated the contraceptive effects. The extracts from the roots of cotton plants may turn out to be a hopeful oral male contraceptive. The implant of gossypol analogue inside the body with slow drug release may be a possible solution against the toxic effects. Gossypol analogues or derivatives may also be made into a vaginal spermicide. Their function in early-stage abortion has also been proved. Gossypol has also been an effective drug for treatment of gynecological diseases, such as menopause functional bleeding, uterine tumor, and endometrial symptoms. Side effects have occurred among some users. Reduced dosage alleviated these problems and resulted in satisfactory long term curative effects.


A 70-nm In0.52Al0.48As/In0.6Ga0.4 power MHEMT with double delta-doping was fabricated and evaluated. The device has a high transconductance of 827 mS/mni. The saturated drain-source current of the device is 890 niA/mm. A current gain cutoff frequency (fT) of 200 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency (fmax ) of 300 GHz were achieved due to the nanometer gate length and the high Indium content in the channel. When measured at 32 GHz, the 4 times 40 mum device demonstrates a maximum output power of 14.5 dBm with PldB of 11.1 dBm and the power gain is 9.5 dB. The excellent DC and RF performance of the 70-nm MHEMT shows a great potential for Ka-band power applications.


With the increase of Internet protocol (IP) packets the performance of routers became an important issue in internetworking. In this paper we examined the matching algorithm in gigabit router which has input queue with virtual output queueing. Port partitioning concept is employed to reduce the computational burden of the scheduler within a switch. The input and output ports are divided into two groups such that the matching algorithm is implemented within each input-output pair group in parallel. The matching is performed by exchanging input and output port groups at every time slot to handle all incoming traffics. Two algorithms, maximal weight matching by port partitioning (MPP) and modified maximal weight matching by port partitioning (MMPP) are presented. MMPP has the lowest delay for every packet arrival rate. The buffer size on a port is approximately 20-60 packets depending on the packet arrival rates. The throughput is illustrated to be linear to the packet arrival rate, which can be achieved under highly efficient matching algorithm.


The Bcl-2 family small molecule inhibitor navitoclax is being clinically evaluated to treat multiple cancers including lymphoid malignancies and small cell lung cancer. A sensitive and reliable method was developed to quantitate navitoclax in human plasma using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to perform detailed pharmacokinetic studies. Sample preparation involved protein precipitation using acetonitrile. Separation of navitoclax and the internal standard, navitoclax-d8, was achieved with a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column using isocratic flow over a 3 minute total analytical run time. A SCIEX 4500 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in positive electrospray ionization mode was used for the detection of navitoclax. The assay range was 5-5000 ng/mL and proved to be accurate (89.5-104.9%) and precise (CV ≤11%). Long-term frozen plasma stability for navitoclax at -70°C has been determined for at least 34 months. The method was applied for the measurement of total plasma concentrations of navitoclax in a patient with receiving a 250 mg daily oral dose.


When the direction finder is applied in the usual way for taking bearings on board ship, it is necessary also to know the heading of the ship, in order to be able to use the indicated bearings for position-finding or homing. This means that a bearing decisively depends on compass errors. Independence of the compass for bearings from shipboard can be achieved as in navigation, within sight of land, when several bearing objects are available at the same time and when a direct determination of the angles between these bearing objects is possible. This possibility is given upon application of the Visual Direction Finder on the twin-channel principle, if intermittent operation is provided for the nondirectional beacons, so that the bearings of the individual transmitters are simultaneously indicated as crossed lines.


It is a pleasure to introduce this group of articles building on our Sunrise Course, 'Magnetic Resonance in Tissue Engineering', at the Honolulu Meeting of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine in 2009, focused on the applications of MRI and MRS to tissue engineering. Even in this small set of articles, the variety of approaches available, and their potential for greatly improving the noninvasive evaluation of tissue, is truly impressive.

The use of ferromagnetic particles for cell labeling is now an accepted technique. However, the MR signal voids caused by the resulting susceptibility effects are often difficult to unambiguously assign to the incorporated labels as opposed to imaging artifacts, native tissue features or air bubbles. The paper by Haddad addresses this issue in a very clever way, by combining standard T2*-weighted MR images with temperature-sensitive imaging, with the heating of the particles produced by an external alternating magnetic field. The technique is successfully demonstrated in phantoms and in a living mouse.

The paper by Ramaswamy is also based on ferromagnetic cell labeling. A protocol is established for tracking cell migration in the cardiovascular system using pulmonary vascular cells. This work combines modern cell biology technology, to assess labeling efficiency, with highly sensitive MRI for the localization of labeled cells. Results obtained in both gels and cellular preparations are presented.

The specificity of available MR measures of tissue characteristics is a focus of the article by Cheng et al., in which seeded and unseeded acellular bladder tissue matrices were evaluated by several MR techniques. The ultimate goal of this line of investigation is to establish tissue engineering-based therapeutics for bladder dysfunction. Again, this work applies several important MR techniques, including multiexponential diffusion and transverse relaxation measurements, as weil as extensive correlations between MR outcomes and cellularity.

Jeffries and Macdonald provide a particularly comprehensive review of the bioartificial liver. They first describe a variety of appropriate bioreactors. An interesting set of multinuclear studies is then presented; they are individually targeted to appropriate features of the system. They include 31P spectroscopy for bioenergetics, metabolism and oxygen distribution by 19F, 13C analysis to assess glycogen production, and structural and flow analysis using the proton nucleus. These all have wide-reaching potential for tissue engineering settings quite apart from the particular bioreactor systems discussed.

Bowles et al. present work targeted at the major medical problem of intervertebral disc degeneration. This remarkable study presents an approach to the creation of a tissue-engineered disc that exhibits circumferential alignment of collagen surrounding an engineered nucleus pulposus, and shows results following implantation of the construct into the L4/LS disc space of the rat after extraction of the native dise. Results are obtained over a 16-week post-implantation period using, among other techniques, micro-computed tomography and anatomical MRI.

Musculoskeletal tissue, in particular, serves a mechanical role. Although it is reasonable to suppose that adequate mechanical function would follow from adequate biochemical composition and morphology, the paper by Othman et al. addresses this issue in a more direct fashion. After a comprehensive introduction to the subject, MR elastography studies of osteogenic constructs implanted into mice are presented. These results illustrate the correlation between mechanical properties and mineralization.

The work of Weber et al. is a further illustration of the wide variety of MR experiments that can be applied to engineered tissue. Applicable solid-state NMR spectroscopy techniques are first reviewed, and then used to investigate extracellular matrix formation in bone implants. An effective combination of 31P and 13C studies is presented, allowing for the detection and characterization of the inorganic and organic components of the tissue, respectively. Both structural and dynamic information is obtained.

Finally, the paper by Reiter et al. continues my group's efforts to develop more sensitive and specific MR approaches for the evaluation of cartilage. Multiexponential transverse relaxation analysis is applied to identify collagen- and proteoglycan-associated water pools, and a relatively unbound water pool. Differences are clearly seen between these results in engineered tissue as compared with previously presented results for explants. MR parameters are then used to identify stages of tissue development through the use of the support vector machine formalism.

The above articles represent an exciting body of work and, when seeking potential authors for this volume, it was encouraging to find such excellent scientists working in MR applications to tissue engineering. However, the manner in which advances in the assessment of growth and development of engineered tissue will lead to improved products and better clinical outcomes remains incompletely defined. Certainly, building on the body of in vitro work, a greater emphasis on studies of the morphology, composition and performance of engineered tissue after placement into the target site in animals and humans would be a major step forward. With its unparalleled ability for noninvasive analysis, MR will likely play a pivotai role in this ongoing effort. We look forward to further advances with great enthusiasm.


Food trade in Europe is undergoing many changes; and both retailers and investors seem to be getting confidence in self-service supermarkets, prepackaging, frozen foods, and similar developments. But what about public opinion? What about suitable suppliers and managers? This article gives some answers to these and related questions.


This paper describes a conceptual framework for IVHS development that not only provides for required data acquisition, communication, manipulation, and delivery, but also achieves a number of higher-level goals. These goals include: (1) encouraging interagency and multijurisdictional sharing of data; (2) supporting existing investment in IVHS technology and system development; (3) supporting expanded implementation of sensor technologies and expanded delivery of applications; (4) encouraging future innovation; and (5) assuring interoperability among local, regional, and national IVHS development efforts.


Learning to compare two objects are essential in applications, especially when labeled data are scarce and imbalanced. As these applications can involve humans and make high-stake decisions, it is critical to explain the learned models. We aim to study post-hoc explanations of Siamese networks (SN) widely used in learning to compare. We characterize the instability of gradient-based explanations due to the additional compared object in SN, in contrast to architectures with a single input instance. We optimize for global invariance based on unlabeled data using self-learning to promote the stability of local explanations for individual input. The invariance leads to constrained optimization problems that can be solved using gradient descent-ascent (GDA), or KL-divergence regularized unconstrained optimization solved by SGD. We provide convergence proofs when the objective functions are nonconvex due to the Siamese architecture. Results on tabular and graph data from neuroscience and chemical engineering show that our local explanations robustly respects the self-learned invariance while optimizing the explanation faithfulness and simplicity. We further demonstrate the convergence of GDA experimentally.


The invention discloses a capillary network heat pump system utilizing solar energy, comprising a solar heat-collecting circulating system, a heat pump circulating system and a capillary network circulating system. The solar heat-collecting circulating system comprises a solar water circulating pump, a solar heat-collecting pipe, a heat-collecting water tank, a vent valve, an auxiliary electric heater, a watercomplementing hole and a hot water hole, the heat pump circulating system comprises a refrigerant circulating system and a water circulating system, the refrigerant circulating system comprises a compressor, a condenser, an electronic expansion valve, an evaporator and a four-way reversing valve, the water circulating system comprises a circulating water pump at a heat source side, a system circulating water pump, a water collecting/distributing device, a by-pass valve and a connecting valve, and the capillary network circulating system comprises a capillary network for radiation and a weight air conditioner cabinet. The invention has the advantages that solar energy is combined with the radiation heat exchange between a water source heat pump and the tail ends of the capillary network and the system has characteristics of independent dehumidification, convenient mounting, energy saving, high efficiency, no noise, environmental protection, softness and comfortableness.


Acyclovir (ACV) is an antiviral drug of choice in healthcare setting to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, including, but not limited to genital herpes, cold sores, shingles and chicken pox. Acyclovir resistance has emerged significantly due to extensive use and misuse of this antiviral in human, especially in immunocompromised patients. However, it remains unclear about the amino acid substitutions in thymidine (TK) gene, which specifically confer the resistance-associated mutation in herpes simplex virus. Hence, acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 was selected at high concentration (2.0 - 4.5 μg/mL), and the TK-gene was subjected to sequencing and genotypic characterization. Genotypic sequences comparison was done using HSV-1 17 (GenBank Accesion no. X14112) for resistance-associated mutation determination whereas HSV-1 KOS, HSV-1 473/08 and HSV clinical isolates sequences were used for polymorphism-associated mutation. The result showed that amino acid substitutions at the non-conserved region (UKM-1: Gl...


In Teachers as Learners, teacher education scholar Sharon Feiman-Nemser provides a compilation of her own teacher education essays. Currently on the faculty at Brandeis University, Feiman-Nemser was previously in the School of Education at Michigan State University. Early in her career she taught English at the University of Chicago Laboratory High School, and she has written extensively on the topics of teacher education, mentoring, new teacher induction, and the education of Jewish educators. This book collection includes 10 chapters divided into three parts. In Part 1, "Mapping the Field," Feiman-Nemser includes four chapters focusing on learning to teach, preservice preparation, the transition from preservice to in-service, and finally, mentor and induction support for in-service teachers. Part 2, "Teacher Learning During Teacher Preparation," further examines teacher education in preservice including challenges, pedagogical thinking, and student teaching. The final section of the book, Part 3, "Mentoring, Induction, and New Teacher Learning," further examines the first years of teaching and links mentor experiences to teacher learning. The book includes a foreward from Deborah Ball at the University of Michigan and an Introduction chapter by Feiman-Nemser. In the Introduction, Feiman-Nemser discusses her process of creation for the text and shares that the book includes her first publication on learning to teach (1983) as well as her (at the time) most recent publication in 2012.1 She states,


131 Background: In primary treatment of localised prostate cancer, minimally invasive ablative therapies such as HIFU aim to achieve cancer control whilst offering a potentially favourable toxicity profile. At 5 years median follow up, 12% of patients treated with focal HIFU require salvage therapy. PROMS using Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite for Clinical Practice (EPIC‐CP) provide a validated and clinically relevant tool to assess and quantify side effects from pelvic radiotherapy. There is limited data on late toxicity using PROMs with salvage radiotherapy in this setting. Methods: Retrospective analysis from prospectively collected data of 28 patients who received salvage radiotherapy at our institution 2010-2018 was performed. Late bowel and urinary toxicity measured by EPIC-CP is reported. Results: Gleason score at diagnosis: 3+3 4/28; 3+4 22/28; 4+3 2/28. HIFU treatment received: focal: 9/28; whole gland: 6/28; focal and redo focal: 7/28; focal and redo whole gland: 1/28; whole gland and redo: 5/28. All patients had mpMRI and biopsy proven recurrence with median PSA 6.6 ng/ml (0.57- 30.89). Median age at radiation was 67 years (55-80). Patients received 74 Gy to the prostate and 4 patients received additional pelvic lymph node irradiation. Three men received conformal radiotherapy (multiphase technique) and 25 arcing intensity modulated radiotherapy with hormone therapy as per risk stratification. Cumulative incidence of toxicity is reported at median follow-up of 43 months (7-99). Overall urinary function: no problem 8/28; very small problem 4/28; small problem 7/28; moderate problem 5/28; big problem 4/28 Urinary Incontinence Symptom Score: 2.5/12 (0-12) Urinary Irritation /Obstructive Symptom Score: 3.1/12 (0-12) Bowel Symptom Score: 3.5/12 (0-11) Biochemical relapse has occurred in 2/28 patients. Conclusions: Functional and oncological outcomes for a greater number of patients treated with minimally invasive ablative therapies followed by salvage radiation are required, however this data suggests radiation is a well-tolerated and effective salvage option following primary HIFU.


The present invention relates to a peptide inhibiting a matrix metalloproteanases activity and use thereof. The peptide inhibiting a matrix metalloproteanases activity exhibits an excellent efficacy of improving the condition of skin by directly inhibiting the matrix metalloproteanases activity. In addition, a composition containing the peptide of the invention has excellent bioactivities of inhibiting the activity of hyaluronic acid degrading enzymes, adipogenesis in fat cells, angiogenesis, and the like, thereby being useful for the treatment of various diseases such as anti-obesity, anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, and the like, and skin permeability is excellent due to the small size of the peptide, thereby being useful in various fields. The peptide of the invention having excellent activity and safety can be advantageously applied to drugs, quasi-drugs, and cosmetics.


Classical modular forms on the upper half plane, with respect to the modular group SL(2,Z) and its congruence subgroups, have arisen naturally in number theory, complex analysis, topology, mathematical physics, and many other subjects. The closely related automorphic representations are basic notions in the celebrated Langlands program, which was proposed by Langlands in the late 1960s and has since revolutionized the fields of number theory, arithmetic algebraic geometry, and representation theory. This volume consists of expanded lecture notes from a 2007 international conference in Guangzhou, China, at which several leading experts in number theory presented introductions to, and surveys of, many aspects of automorphic forms and the Langlands program. Table of Contents: Prerequisites for the Langlands Program - A. W. Knapp; First Steps with the Langlands Program - A. W. Knapp; Class Field Theory, the Langlands Program and its Application to Number Theory - Stephen S. Gelbart; Automorphic Forms and Automorphic Representations - Wee Teck Gan; Introductory Notes on the Trace Formula - Erez M. Lapid; Euler Products and Twisted Euler Products - Solomon Friedberg; Arithmetic Trace Formulas and Kloostermania - Xiaoqing Li; Tempered Endoscopy for Real Groups II: Spectral Transfer Factors - D. Shelstad; Algebraic Birkhoff Decomposition and Its Applications - Li Guo


There are a number of national competitive disadvantages multinational firms in Thailand face, but these disadvantages do not create insurmountable barriers. The national competitive disadvantages found in Thailand include a national brand which is not associated with advanced technology and a lack of an innovative national environment. At the strategic level, foreign multinationals can often overcome these disadvantages by using competitive advantages coming from their country of origin while local multinationals can select to operate in more mature industries or through positioning into segments where the national competitive disadvantages do not create significant barriers to success.


By sensing the proximity of the non-wearable device and securely exchange the authorization system and method for the non-wearable device for a limited time period includes a disposable wearable device that provides improved capabilities has been disclosed. In one embodiment, the wearable device is one or more bio-available on a non-wearable - can detect signals, such as tactile feedback. The wearable device may be disposable, and can also provide additional tactile feedback for an extended feature (e. G., Game feedback, etc.). In another embodiment, the wearable device is one or more bio-available on a non-wearable - can detect signals, such as tactile feedback.


New synthetic route and characterization of alkyl-capped nanocrystalline silicon (R-n-Si) were achieved from the reaction of silicon tetrachloride with sodium/benzophenone ketal reducing agent followed by n-butyllithium. Surface of silicon nanoparticles was derivatized with butyl group. Effect of oxidation of silicon nanoparticle with benzophenone was investigated for their stabilization. Optical characteristics of silicon nanoparticles were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Butyl-capped silicon nanoparticles exhibited an emission band at 410 nm with excitation wavelength of 360 nm. Average size of n-butyl-capped silicon nanoparticles was obtained by particle size analyzer (PSA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Average size of n-butyl-capped Si nanoparticles was about 6.5 nm.


The cyclization of various diazo ester substrates in the presence of the optimal ligands (Sa)-INH and (Sa)-IOP is advantageous with regards to high yields, excellent enantioselectivity, and wide substrate scope.


The structure (16) has reception structures (38) placed on both sides of a hollow central beam (22) so as to receive electric power storage modules near a gravity center of the frame structure. A steering structure (60) assures orientation of front and rear wheels (12AV, 12AR) of an automobile vehicle. The steering structure has a steering gear box (70) including a hollow rigid body (72) extending along extension direction coinciding with longitudinal direction (DL). The body is arranged and maintained in a protected inner space of the beam so as to limit encumbrance of the frame structure.


Developing a solar‐powered High‐Altitude Platform is a challenging endeavor. These aircraft are able to remain airborne for extremely long time periods, since they harvest all necessary energy from the sun. This is only possible if the design can handle all operating conditions with minimal margins. The systems therefore need to be well matched, which can be more efficiently facilitated by utilizing model‐based engineering. This paper shows how a SysML profile can be used to conduct verification and validation planning within such a large project. Key benefits are the development of a single source of truth, better overview from a management point of view, unified processes and document styles within the project, improved change management as well as reduced workloads when generating readable export documents.


This paper seeks to demonstrate that the Controlled Depth Tow Method (CDTM) of transport and installation of flowlines offers many advantages, but that the sensitivity of the system for environmental conditions and fabrication inaccuracies requires a high level of monitoring capabilities. The paper reviews the underwater monitoring technology utilised by the international offshore industry during the towage of pipeline systems using the CDTM. Various systems had been developed and applied experiences gained during operations resulted in new combinations of applied technology. Examples of effects illustrating the importance of reliable systems for monitoring are described.


We report on a study of the ultraviolet (UV)-induced degradation on optical grade polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and ceramic diffuser samples. Long-term UV exposure may significantly alter the reflectance and lead to an error in the calibration of optical instruments. A large integrating sphere was used to irradiate the samples for 334.7 days at an irradiance level of 194.9  W/m2. Samples were qualified and measured for reflectance factor, bidirectional reflectance distribution function, and fluorescence, before and after the exposure, and at 12-week intervals during the exposure. This study revealed significant differences between the aging behavior of ceramic and PTFE samples.


Abstract:  We present a 14‐year‐old girl with self‐induced areas of hypo‐ and hyperpigmenation on her forearm as a result of applying 10 blasts of an asthmatic aerosol inhaler directly to her skin. We emphasize the importance of being aware of potential danger associated with the common metered‐dose inhaler when it is misused.


Introduction. Diplomatic contacts between Russia and the Ottoman Empire between Adrianople (1713) and Constantinople (1720) treaties are explored. For Posolsky prikaz (Ambassadorial office), the main task was to keep peaceful relations between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, which gave the possibility to the tsar to concentrate on military operations in Pomerania.

Methods. The study is based on the analysis of unpublished materials of the Posolsky prikaz and their comparison with notes of contemporaries and with other historical sources.

Analysis and results. The absence of Russian diplomatic resident in Istanbul did not promptly allow to solve the problems caused by violations of the conditions of the Adrianople treaty: border conflicts and the entry of the tsarist army into Poland. After the Treaty of Passarowitz (1718), which ended the war of the Ottoman Empire with Venice and Austria, a new danger arose for the beginning of the Russo-Turkish war. In 1715 and 1718, the Ragusin on the Russian service Hieronymus Natali was twice sent to the Sublime Porte with the charters of Peter I. Along with handing the tsar's charters to the Grand Vizier about border conflicts, Natalie had secret assignments connected with the prevention of a military conflict with the Ottoman Empire.


The numerical methods of equilibrium /non-equilibrium phase change condensate flow of wet steam were developed under the dual Euler type,finite volume framework. Took the Bakhtar cascade as study object,combined with experimental data,spontaneous condensation flow under different conditions in this cascade was analyzed. The results show that the non-equilibrium phase change calculation method in the dual Euler type can accurately simulate the spontaneous condensation flow under subsonic,sonic,transonic flow pattern in the Bakhtar test cascade,while the moisture result obtained by the equilibrium phase transition method in dual Euler-type was a pseudo result.


Sustainability has become a key driver for companies and organisations of all types in the past few years. Steel has always had strong sustainability credentials, the main aspects of which will be highlighted in a series of articles in NSC over coming months. Nick Barrett starts the series with an overview.


Theoretical predictions of the impact of corruption on economic efficiency are ambiguous, with models allowing for positive, negative, or neutral effects. While much evidence exists on levels of corruption, less is available on its impact, particularly on impacts on consumer markets. This paper investigates empirically the effect of the corrupt sale of spectrum licenses to ineligible firms on the wireless telecom market in India. I find that the corrupt allocation had, at worst, zero impact on the number of subscribers, prices, usage, revenues, competition, and measures of quality. I argue that the resale of licenses to competent firms, combined with fierce competition in the telecom sector, may have mitigated potential deleterious impacts of corruption on consumers. These results suggest that the original corrupt allocation did not matter, providing support for the insight of Coase (1959, 1960). JEL codes: D45, D73, K42, L96, O10


Background: Alzheimer's disease presents with subtle onset of memory loss and gradual decline in function. Memory impairment is followed by dysphasia, dyspraxia and agnosia. Piracetam is a cyclic GABA derivative but has no GABA like activity. It selectively improves efficiency of higher integrative activities. Modafinil is a newer psychostimulant used to improve alertness and attention span in night shift workers. Study was undertaken to evaluate the nootropic effects of piracetam and modafinil in scopolamine induced amnesia in rats. Methodology: 24 male adult albino rats were divided into 4 groups, 6 animals in each group. In control group no drug was given and only diet and water were provided. In second group only scopolamine was administered. The third group (test group I), piracetam was administered along with scopolamine. In the fourth group (test group II) modafinil was administered along with scopolamine. The nootropic effects of Piracetam and Modafinil was compared in animals treated with scopolamine induced amnesia using Elevated plus maze Results: study showed that both Piracetam and Modafinil have significant anti amnesic effect in Elevated plus maze So they definitely have an effect on retaining memory of learned experience.


Objective: Purify and classify alkaline protease (AP), produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) dendrolimus 4A/4B. Methods: Inoculum preparation, production media, enzymes assays, protein determination, ammonium sulfate precipitation, acetone fractionation, Sephadex Gel chromatography filtration. Results: The purification scheme, (a) ammonium sulfate fractionation, the most active fraction with 1.93 purification fold was at 60-75% saturation; (b) acetone precipitation, where the most active fraction was at 30-45% with purification fold of about 3.92 times; (c) Column chromatography on G-100 Sephadex with final purification folds 5.36 times of the crude enzyme with final yield recovery 1.9%. Purified AP showed stability against H2O2 1%, 5% and 10% (v/v), and retained 111%, 101% and 66% of its activity, respectively. AP retained 82%, 87% and 101% of its activity with 10, 5 and 1mM PMSF, respectively. Enzyme activity was completely inhibited by 10mM EDTA, while the enzyme retained about 125% of its activity with 10mM Mercapto-ethanol. CaCl2 and MgCl2 (10mM) showed activation effect, increasing the activity to 136% and 147% compared to the control, respectively. The optimum pH are 8.0 and 10.0. AP activity was increased through 30ºC to 50ºC. At 60˚C, the enzyme retained ~48% of its original activity. AP concentration 0.014mg protein/mL has maximum activity (6.750U/mL/min). The highest maximum velocity (Vmax) was 31.821μg tyrosine/mL/min. Km value 0.833%, w/v casein concentration. Conclusion: Thus, this inhibition profile suggested that the AP produced belongs to the class of metalo-proteases.


We consider an autoparametric system, which consists of an oscillator, coupled with parametrically-excited subsystem. The oscillator and the subsystem are in 1:1 internal resonance. The excited subsystem is in 1:2 resonance with the external forcing. The method of averaging is used to yield a set of autonomous equation of the approximation to the response of the system. We find various types of bifurcation, leading to non-trivial periodic or quasi-periodic solutions. Using numerical bifurcation continuation , we found sequences of period-doublings, leading to chaotic solutions. To analyze the parameter range for which a Shilnikov type homoclinic orbit exists, we used global perturbation technique developed by Kovacic and Wiggins [1]. This orbit gives rise to a welldescribed chaotic dynamics. The theoretical results are found to be in a good agreement with the results obtained by simulation.


Glomerela Leaf Spot (GLS) is caused by species of the genus Colletotrichum, mostly by species of the C. acutatum complex and the C. gloeosporioides complex (Velho et al. 2015). This disease occurs in all producing regions in Brazil causing symptoms on fruits and leaves, but the main damage is the premature defoliation. Disease control is carried out preventively with protective fungicides (10 to 21 sprays per season), such as dithiocarbamates (mancozeb, maneb and propineb) and also systemic fungicides (5 to 8 sprays per season) such as methyl benzimidazole carbamates (thiophanate-methyl). The aim of this study was to test the sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. isolates, colleted from different orchards of Brazil, to mancozeb and tiophanate-methyl fungicides and to classify the isolates by comparing EC50 values.


vades elementary and secondary education. Yet, while educators diligently examine teaching and supervision, one critical component the post-observation conference remains virtually ignored. We seem to have forgotten that improving teaching performance depends not only on supervisors' ability to analyze and assess pedagogy, but also on their ability to motivate teachers to examine their own effectiveness in the classroom. Perhaps it is selective forgetting, for the sparse research on the subject indicates that the supervisory conference is not likely to be an occasion that produces teacher growth (Blumberg, 1970). In fact, Blumberg, one of the few acknowledged experts in the area, has suggested eliminating the visitation-conference cycle. The lack of success of the supervisory conference is hardly surprising: There is no articulated process to guide practitioners nor is there salient preparatory or inservice training. Supervisory conferences, however, can make a difference if they are conducted in a systematic manner by supervisors able to exhibit behaviors consistent with sound human relations and management principles.


Decision support systems (DSS) is the natural framework where decision models should be included in order to support farmers, advisers or livestock management specialists in the decision making process. During last years, the increment of competition between intensive livestock producers, in general and pig producers, in particular, caused the marginal benefits per unit of product to reduce. Pig production has changed a lot during the last decade within the European Union (EU) as well as in the rest of the world. As general response, a concentration of production to maintain past profit levels is performed. In this context of global ABSTRACT


Abstract This article focuses on the study of identifying the quality of tight sandstone reservoirs based on machine learning. The machine learning method – Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) algorithm is used to design and classify reservoir quality. First, it is based on logging data, core observation, cast thin section, and reservoir physical statistics. The permeability, porosity, resistivity, mud content, sand-to-ground ratio, and sand thickness were preferred as reservoir evaluation criteria in the area, and the gray correlation method was used to obtain reservoir quality categories and construct training datasets. The machine learning GBDT algorithm is used to train and test the obtained dataset. It is found that the recognition accuracy of the GBDT model is 95% by confusion matrix analysis. In addition, it is compared with four commonly used reservoir prediction methods (Bayesian discriminant method, random forest, support vector machine, and artificial neural network) for verifying the reliability of the GBDT model. Finally, the GBDT model is used to identify the reservoir quality of the study area, and it is well verified in the production data. The research results show that the GBDT model can become an important tool for rapid and real-time tight sandstone reservoir evaluation.


Abstract. The incomplete knowledge of the species distribution ranges represents a serious barrier for many areas of study in Biology that goes from Systematics to conservation of Biodiversity. One of the most important available resources to deal with the lack of geographic information are scientific collections. Epicauta with more than 366 species described is one of the most speciose lineages within Meloidae. Almost 73% of its diversity occurs in America. In Venezuela, the tenth richest country in biodiversity of the world, only nine species of Epicauta have been recorded and most of them are known from one or two localities. The revision of the specimens of Epicauta held at the entomological collection of the Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola "Francisco Fernandez Yépez" (MIZA) of the Universidad Central de Venezuela at Maracay, with additional data from other American and European collections allowed us to improve significantly the knowledge of the geographic distribution of the Venezuelan taxa. Besides, the morphological study of the specimens resulted in the addition of some species not previously recorded in Venezuela, the description of a new species, and the redescription of the almost unknown and forgotten species E. subvittata (Erichson 1848).


This research focuses on the study of the developing process of wireless sensor network (WSN) monitoring system. In addition, problems confronted during the developing process are also reviewed and solved. In the WSN platform development, Supernode and accelerometers are used to collect the acceleration data and examine the safety of bridges. A global-position-system (GPS) chip is also used to obtain high-precision time information to promote the accuracy of the examination. Moreover, IEEE 802.15.4 was chosen for the communication protocol in the WSN platform as it complies with the demand of low cost and low power consumption. For the experiment requirement and the stability of the WSN system, this research has undergone 3 versions of modification. Moreover, this system is employed to monitor the vibration of Chung-Sha Bridge in Taiwan for the field- implementation experiment.


We explored an approach of flat CPV system with lateral displacement solar tacking for residential rooftops by using mirror coated lenslet arrays with square array of solar cells integrated on a transparent PMMA sheet.


There are very few visual conditions which can be greatly reduced or prevented. One exception to this statement is amblyopia, particularly refractive amblyopia. The methods and concepts for prevention are discussed and guidelines are proposed for the management of those pediatric patients "at risk" to develop refractive amblyopia or secondary strabismus.


The article considers the characteristics of tomato vegetable culture when growing it in the open ground in the soil and climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region. The total demand of tomatoes for macronutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the context of the planned yield from 40 to 100 tons per hectare, taking into account the availability of mobile forms of nutrients in the soil, is shown. The average doses of the main fertilizer application during the preparation of the soil for tomatoes, the timing and doses of fertilizing tomatoes with nitrogen fertilizers when they are applied with fertigation during sprinkling and the fertigation program for drip irrigation of tomatoes for processing are presented.


Based on the diffraction propagation mechanism of terahertz waves and the basic theory of binary optics, transmission terahertz Dammann gratings is designed, fabricated, and characterized for the working wavelength of 2.52THz. The simulated annealing algorithm is used to design the phase structure of a 2D terahertz Dammann gratings which can generate 2×2 and 6×6 diffraction beams. MATLAB is used to conduct diffraction beam splitting simulation of the designed Dammann grating. The simulation results show that the 2D diffraction efficiency of the grating reaches around 60 %, and the unevenness of the split sub-spots is controlled below 1%. During the grating fabrication process, N-type high-resistivity silicon (n = 3.4175 @ 2.52 THz) is used as the grating material, and silicon nitride (Si3N4) with 200nm thickness is used as the hard mask layer. To achieve extremely high etching depths, the wet deep silicon etching process of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution is used as the fabrication process. Various pivotal process parameters, such as the initial concentration of each component, are optimized through many experiments. The etching depth of the order of 50 μm is achieved. The grating surface flatness and step sidewall steepness satisfy the needs of use. The characterization experiment results show that the 2D diffraction efficiency of the grating is about 50 %, and the unevenness is about 2.5 %, which basically verifies the reliability of the design theory and fabrication process.


Background Poly(L-γ-glutamylglutamine) paclitaxel (PGG-PTX) conjugate is a non-diblock polymeric drug nanoparticle intended to improve the therapeutic index of paclitaxel. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate further the physicochemical properties of PGG-PTX in order to proceed with its clinical development. Methods and results PGG-PTX was designed by integration of a hydrophobic paclitaxel conjugate through an added hydrophilic glutamic acid onto poly(L-glutamic acid). The addition of a flexible glutamic linker between PGA and paclitaxel resulted in spontaneous self-assembly of a PGG-PTX conjugate into nanoparticles. The PGG-PTX conjugate was stable as a lyophilized solid form. An in vitro viability experiment showed that PGG-PTX was effective after a longer incubation period, the same trend as Taxol. In vitro studies using NCI-H460 and B16F0 cancer cells demonstrated significantly high cellular uptake after 30 minutes of incubation. The in vivo biocompatibility of PGG-PTX conjugate was evaluated in the NCI-H460 tumor model, the assessment of tissue seemed to be normal after 21 days of treatment. Conclusion These results are encouraging for further development of non-block polymeric paclitaxel nanoparticles for treatment of cancer.


Malley and Fine (Phys. Rev. A 2006 73 066102) discussed that all quantum observables would commute simultaneously if we accept a realistic theory of the Bell type (a local realistic theory) for quantum events, provided that all quantum events, including every quantum state and every observable (including every projector), are reproduced by a realistic theory of the Bell type for quantum events. We point out that their claim leads us to a contradiction. We study the relation between a local realistic theory and commutativity of quantum observables in a finite-dimensional space. We show that a realistic theory of the Bell type for quantum events does not impose the commutative algebraic structure into the set of all quantum observables if all quantum events are reproduced by a local realistic theory. We discuss that a violation of Bell locality is derived within a realistic theory of the Kochen–Specker type within quantum events.


On the basis of analysing the social security system of athletes in the developed countries,the paper analyses the problems in the social security system of athletes in China.The paper also proposes ways to strengthen the social security system of athletes in China.


A self-stabilizing protocol can achieve its intended behavior regardless of the initial configuration (i.e., global state). Thus, a self-stabilizing protocol has autonomous adaptability to any change of network environments: after the last change occurs, the protocol starts to converge to its intended behavior. This advantage makes self-stabilizing protocols extremely attractive in designing highly dependable distributed systems in unstable network environments. While conventional self-stabilizing protocols require that the network environments should be \emph{static} during onvergence to the intended behaviors, some recent works undertake the challenges of realizing self-stabilization in unstable network environments. This paper briefly introduces some of our challenges in this subject.


An investigation in the High Speed Water Tunnel of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic characteristics of sharp-edged hydrofoils is described. The lift, drag, and pitching moment were measured in cavitating and noncavitating flows for flat plate and circular arc profiles. The theory of Wu for the forces on sharp-edged profiles in full cavity flow and the experimental results showed good agreement over a wide range of attack angles.


These days many scientists make studies of feedback control system for stability on non-linear state and for the maneuver of flying objects. These feedback control systems have to satisfy trajectory condition and angular conditions, that is to say, controllability and stability simultaneously to achieve mission. In this paper, a design methods using model based control system which consists of spiral predictive model, Q-function included into generalized-work function is shown. It is made a clear that the proposed algorithm using SPM maneuvers for controllability and stability at the same time is successful in attaining our purpose. The feature of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by simulation results. As a conclusion, the proposed algorithm is useful for the control of moving objects.


SUMMARY Pylephlebitis, septic thrombosis of the portal vein and its branches, is an infrequent complication of intraabdominal inflammatory processes which may lead to thrombosis of the portal vein and to liver abscesses. Thrombosis of the portal vein can occur either ouside of the liver (extrahepatic) or within the liver (intrahepatic). Extrahepatic causes include occlusion by enlargement of hilar lymph nodes, inflammation of the portal vein due to ascending pylephlebitis secondary to infection in the appendix or colon, splenic vein thrombosis secondary to pancreatitis or secondary to surgical procedures on the abdomen. Intrahepatic causes are cirrhosis of the liver or invasion of the portal vein by primary or secondary carcinomas of the liver. Pylephlebitis used to be a dreaded complication of appendicitis, but the incidence of this disease has greatly declined since the development of antibiotics and modern surgical techniques. We present two cases of pylephlebitis: Case No 1: an 71-year-old woman which had acute cholecystitis, pylephlebitis and liver abscess. The patient had recovered due to timely antibiotic treatment and resulted in complete resolution. Case No 2: an 16-year-old man which ha appendicitis and consequent septic trhombotis of the portal vein and its branches, with dissemination of infection to the liver. The patient recovered completely with prolonged antibiotic therapy. Early diagnosis and treatment are basic to a favorable clinical course.


Two sodium salts of mixed heteropoly oxometalates of tungstate and molybdate with the molecular formula Na 10 [Cu II Ni II W VI 11 O 40 ].21H 2 O (1) and Na 10 [CU II Ni II Mo VI 11 O 40 ].20H 2 O (2) having Keggin type anion [X x+ Z z+ W 11 O 40 ] - (14-x-z) have been synthesized. The compounds were prepared by hydrothermal method from aqueous acidic solution of reagents. The resulting compounds were characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, IR studies and molecular weight determination.


Thirty‐five male an 30 female rabbits of large race III derived from the New Zealand White race and the same numbers of small race X, from Castle's small race, were used in this study.


In real-world settings, network structure observations are often incomplete due to the difficulties of data collection. However, most existing network analysis methods assume that the whole underlying structure is observed. In this paper, we focus on a common but overlooked network observation, named bipartite observation. We systematically study the influence of bipartite observations, and give an analytical representation using the stochastic block model. Moreover, we propose a new framework LP-GNN, which combines link prediction, sparsification, and graph neural networks for node classification tasks in bipartite observations. The effectiveness of LP-GNN is illustrated by experimental results on real datasets.


In this article,the second generation Polyimide(Polyimide-Ⅱ,PI-Ⅱ)was chosen in this research to study interfacial and heat resistant properties of T700/PI-Ⅱ(carbon/ PI-Ⅱ) and S2/PI-Ⅱ(High-strength glass fiber /PI-Ⅱ)composites made by filament winding process.The shear fracture pattern of section of T700/PI-Ⅱ and S2/PI-Ⅱcomposites was observed by means of SEM for analyzing interfacial properties of PI-Ⅱmatrix composites.The heat decomposition temperature of T700/PI-Ⅱ and S2/PI-Ⅱcomposites was separately tested by TG/DTA apparatus for the research on heat resistant properties of T700/PI-Ⅱand S2/PI-Ⅱcomposites;The study also included the retained rate of ILSS(Interlaminar Shear Strength)of S2/ PI-Ⅱ composites at 300℃.The research showed that interfacial and heat resistant properties of PI-Ⅱ matrix composites made by filament winding process achieved desirable results.The retained rate of ILSS of S2/ PI-Ⅱ composites was 72% at 300℃,the initial heat decomposition temperature of T700/PI-Ⅱcomposite was 549℃ in the air,and that of S2/PI-Ⅱcomposite was 542℃.


An electronic subassembly and associated method for the production of an electronic subassembly include a semiconductor layer bearing at least a first transistor having an adjustable threshold voltage is joined to an insulator layer and a in which a first trapping zone is formed at a predetermined first depth. The first trapping zone extends at least beneath a channel of the first transistor and includes traps of greater density than the density of traps outside the first trapping zone, in such a way that the semiconductor layer and the first trapping zone are capacitively coupled. The useful information from the first transistor includes the charge transport within this transistor. A second trapping zone can be formed that extends at least beneath a channel of a second transistor that is formed by a second implantation with an energy and/or a dose and/or atoms that differ from those used to form the first trapping zone.


The project titled "National Biorepository for Children's and Women's Cancer". The funding received by the Biopathology Center (BPC) at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital was utilized to procure equipment and add resources to establish a national digital archive of tissues of children and women's cancers to advance treatment and research. As planned in the proposal, the project allowed the BPC to procure two high-speed imaging robots and hire imaging technicians to scan a large collection of Children's and Women's cancer tissues. The BPC team focused on completed clinical trials, with some dating back nearly 30 years, conducted by the Children's Oncology Group (and its precursor groups) as well as the Gynecologic Oncology Group. A total of 139 clinical trials were imaged as part of the archive project allowing the team to generate 29, 488 images that are currently stored at the Ohio Supercomputer Center located in Columbus Ohio. The images are now integrated with the Virtual Imaging for Pathology, Education and Research (VIPER) application. The VIPER application allows the BPC to make the digital archive available via the Internet to approved researchers remotely eliminating the use of glass slides for this collection. The elimination of glass slides reducesmore » costs associated with shipping, reduces breakage of glass slides and allows for the review of these cases quickly by experts on a standard desktop computer.« less


We use a large-scale survey and field experiment to evaluate a policy that provided information about earnings and costs to college applicants in Chile. The intervention was administered by the Chilean government and reached 30% of student loan applicants. Students overestimate post-graduation earnings outcomes at low-earning college degree programs but have reasonably accurate beliefs about tuition. Disclosure of earnings outcomes for past graduates reduces demand for degrees in the bottom tercile of the expected labor market return distribution by 3.3%. Effects are concentrated among low-SES and low-scoring students. Effect size is limited by strong preferences for non-earnings degree attributes. This paper was previously titled "Student Loans, College Choice and Information on the Returns to Higher Education." We thank Noele Aabye, Phillip Ross, Unika Shrestha, Anthony Thomas, and Lindsey Wilson for outstanding research assistance. We thank Nadia Vasquez, Pablo Maino, Valeria Maino, and Jatin Patel for assistance with locating, collecting and digitizing data records. J-PAL Latin America and in particular Elizabeth Coble provided excellent field assistance. We thank Ivan Silva of DEMRE for help locating and accessing data records. We thank the excellent leadership and staff at the Chilean Ministry of Education for their invaluable support of these projects including Harald Beyer, Fernando Rojas, Loreto Cox Alcaı́no, Andrés Barrios, Fernando Claro, Francisco Lagos, Lorena Silva, Anely Ramirez, and Rodrigo Rolando. We also thank the outstanding leadership and staff at Servicio de Impuestos Internos for their invaluable assistance. We thank Gene Amromin, John Friedman, Brad Larsen, Brigitte Madrian, Judith ScottClayton, Jesse Shapiro, Will Dobbie, and seminar participants at the NBER Household Finance Meetings and Public Economics Meetings, Harvard University, Princeton University, Columbia University, Stanford University, University of Chicago Harris School, Rutgers University, University of Toulouse, Paris School of Economics, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vanderbilt University, Uppsala University, University of Memphis, University of IllinoisChicago, International Bank of Development, and the World Bank for helpful comments. We thank Raj Chetty and Larry Katz for helpful discussions during the field experiment design. This project was funded by Brown University, the Population Studies and Training Center at Brown, and NIA grant P30AG012810. Online Appendix available at http://faculty.chicagobooth.edu/seth.zimmerman/research/papers/HNZ disclosure appendix.pdf. Required disclosure: Information contained herein comes from taxpayers' records obtained by the Chilean Internal Revenue Service (Servicio de Impuestos Internos), which was collected for tax purposes. Let the record state that the Internal Revenue Service assumes no responsibility or guarantee of any kind for the use or application made of the aforementioned information, especially in regard to the accuracy, currency, or integrity..


Since the end of the Cold War, and especially since September 11, 2001, few issues have been more hotly debated than the United States' role in the world. In this hard-nosed but sophisticated examination, Colin S. Gray argues that America is the indispensable guardian of the world order. Gray's constructive critique of recent trends in national security is comprehensive, rooting defense issues and prospective answers in both U.S. national security policy and in the emerging international security environment.


O ur culture places a high value on youth and beauty (janelli, 1986b). It is therefore surprising to find little research on elderly persons' body image-an image likely to be negative. Besides working with elderly patients, occupational therapists also provide activities for the well elderly. In both roles it is important for occupational therapists to understand the body image perceptions of their clients. janelli's (1986a) review of the literature revealed only six studies that included body image descriptions of the elderly. One study that used paper-and-pencil tests (developed by Janelli) showed little relationship between body image and age. The other five studies relied on subjects' human figure drawings to measure their body image. This method is a projective technique-its validity as a body image measure is questionable (janelli, 1986b). Another approach to the evaluation of body image is the use of a semantic differential scale, a method considered reliable and valid for measuring attitudes and concepts (Kerlinger, 1973). Although this approach was used successfully to measure the body images of 109 urban subjects (Champion, Austin, & Tzeng, 1982), no one over the age of 61 years was studied. Studies using a semantic differential approach can be complex or simple in design. In the present study, we


This paper focuses on a labor-supply-side story for the monetary transmission mechanism, which has received relatively little attention in the New Keynesian literature. To this end, I develop a heterogeneous-agent New Keynesian (HANK) economy where a nonlinear mapping from hours worked into labor services generates operative adjustment along intensive and extensive margins of labor supply. The model economy quantitatively accounts for the U.S. data, including hours distributions and their transitions, and excels at producing empirically realistic responses of adjustment along both margins to a monetary policy shock. I find that, since the nonlinear mapping breaks the tight link between a curvature parameter and labor supply elasticity, the standard interpretation regarding a New Keynesian Phillips curve may be potentially very misleading from a quantitative perspective. Another important finding is that monetary policy has significantly different effects on earnings inequality, depending on the extent to which margin is dominant, even if it generates similar aggregate responses.


The classical text compression algorithm LZ77 and LZ78,as well as later improved LZW,are all based on single-character mode while collecting the tokens.This method will cause the algorithm to slowly learns.the correlations between words,and to directly influence the compress rate.Based on the LZW algorithm,the paper brings in an idea called "word-based" to solve the problem,also called as "Word-based LZW".Tested by an experiment,Word-based LZW algorithm is confirmed to have steady and better compression efficiency.The algorithm can be easily extended to compression for text of other languages as well.


. - De Gennes [I] and Des Cloizeaux [2] have shown in what sense the problem of the configuration of


Abstract : Cerebral ischemia is a common secondary consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), including penetrating TBI. Experimental models of closed brain injury (fluid percussion, subdural hematoma, etc.) have demonstrated a neuroprotective effect after perfluorocarbon (PFC) administration, however, there is no data relating to a pharmacological effect of PFC in penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI;Tortella model) that is characterized by acute, sustained significant hypoxia. In this report we present data on the severity of hypoxia, glucose utilization, histopathology and oxygen metabolism( Vo2) following PBBI, and changes in these parameters following PFC administration in the PBBI model, as well as studies on effect of PFC on blood clotting of normal human blood. The data shows little effect of any of the 3 PFC s on the hypoxia observed in this type of brain injury. In the same PBBI injury model for the first time we observed no effect of PFC s upon VO2 (oxygen consumption) but the studies are incomplete. Surprisingly, the 2 PFc s so far tested significantly improved Glucose utilization (anaerobic glycolysis) but the studies are incomplete. The. We are currently further investigating the effects of PFC administration on this PBBI induced global glucose utilization. The Cell counting study aimed at uncovering any neuroprotective effects of PFC administration on PBBI induced neurodegeneration did not reveal significant global improvement, but the counts are incomplete. Interestingly the three PFCs tested had very different effects on the thromboelastography profile of normal human blood. Only Perftec demonstrated an apparent anticoagulant effect, using Thromboelastography. This data will be used to assess the safety/efficacy profile of each PFC, in the PTBI and closed TBI models. About 60% of experiments are complete, and data analysis is ongoing.


The pursuit of economic growth has been the single most important policy goal across the world for the last five decades. The default assumption is that – financial crisis aside – growth will continue indefinitely. Not just for the poorest countries, where a better quality of life is undeniably needed between for the richest nations where the excess of material wealth adds little to happiness and is beginning to threaten the foundations of our well being. The myth of growth has failed us. It has failed the two billion people who still live on less than $2 a day. It has failed, spectacularly, in its own terms to provide economic stability and secure people's livelihoods. India has come a long way in terms of economic growth. Softer indicators – aspirations, health and literacy – are all registering distinct improvements. Spending power opportunities and splurging propensity have been shooting up. Poverty ratios have gone down, the per capita income is growing, the economy is expanding at a fast pace. Poverty ratios have gone down not the number of poor. Poor still remain vulnerable largely unprotected – socially, economically or legally. The shift to inclusive growth as a policy discourse is of recent vintage. This shift marks a broadening of concerns about inequality. The focus has been on how the excluded group can participate in aggregate growth. This takes policy discussions to the domains of education, health, basic infrastructure, agricultural productivity basic urban services and so on. Without addressing those issues India's longer term development prospects would be in threat. Structural inequalities in India are not only deep and persistent, they are also intimately linked with institutional structures in the political, social and economic domains – and they are likely to impede the transformations necessary for long term growth.


The traditional conception of rationality was challenged by a series of psychological experiments conducted during and after 1960s. Since 1980s, researchers have made further reflections on rationality on the basis of Chomsky's distinction between competence and performance. Some of them defended the traditional view, some of them weakened the view, and some of them replaced logical rules with different sets of rules. The theories are both inspiring and problematic. We need to pay more attention to different dimensions of rationality and the historical and present environment in which rationality works.


Ever since food banks began to operate in Canadian communities in the early 1980s, public attention has been drawn to the food shortages experienced by low-income families. Over the past 2 decades, charitable food assistance initiatives have become fixtures in our communities and "food drives"


A cymometer use a singlechip AT89C51 as the system control unit with appropriate software and hardware resources is designed in this paper and three kinds of freguency measuring methods,internal counter countiong method,external counter counting method and measuring cycle method,are introduced too.The advantages and disadvantages on the three methods are compared at last.


NOT TOO LONG ago, when people talked about the truck cover market and the tarpaulin market, they were talking about the same thing. There wasn't too much difference between a tarp and a truck cover. The same firms made the same product from the same material cotton duck. To this day, many manufacturers will tell you they make truck tarps. Many suppliers and market analyists still look at the tarp market as a single, all encompassing unit. The plain fact of today's market place is this: tarps and truck covers are two separate markets. They're made up of different firms making different products, using different materials. Most importantly, the markets respond to very different economic forces. The separation of the two markets began fifteen to twenty years ago, when coated fabrics began entering the market. The separation accelerated during the mid-seventies when polyolefin fabrics were introduced. Put simply, the truck cover market left the tarp market first, and then the tarp market left the truck cover market. This happened in spite of the common image of the products still held by suppl iers, manufacturers and consumers. Even though some significant overlap still exists, tarp and truck cover manufacturers are not in the same business any-


The cubic Perovskite (Ca2EuN0.75)Sn was synthesized in a solid state reaction from EuN, Ca, and Sn. Nitrogen deficiency and Ca/Eu disorder is in agreement with results from chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Magnetic susceptibility measurements as well as Mossbauer and X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicate a mixed-valent situation with di- and trivalent europium, apparently situated together with calcium on one crystallographic site. According to electrical resistivity measurements the title compound represents a heavily doped semiconductor.


The advantage and difficulty of implementation of The Nonuniformity Correction of IRFP using neural networks were introduced.We optimize the arithmetic structure and the data flow of the Nonuniformity correction using neural networks,according to the characteristics of ADI TS101 DSP.The optimization is discussed in detail in the paper.The correction module is based on the structure of DSP+ FPGA,So it has a flexible and programmable input and output.It can be embedded into current Infrared signal processing system.And it has a great value in project.


Scanning electron microscope allowed us to get screens of different cheese microstructure that form a base for further investigation of a cheese structure state before and after the process of drying and for their comparison. Any cheese structure presents a matrix of proteins penetrated with moisture capillaries; fat globules are located both inside the protein matrix and on a cheese surface. Shape of capillaries is either round or oval. Capillaries vary in size and number that has an impact on the cheese pattern which is described by hole and void shapes and order. Electron microscopy was also used for detecting deposition of calcium phosphate. Particles of calcium phosphate changed in size, before drying they were 10–12 µm, and after drying they reached 20–30 µ. These particles concentrate in the dried cheese and agglomerate into larger particles. The most concentrated calcium phosphate proportion was found in pores and micro-voids of the dry cheese. As for mature cheese samples, calcium lactate was established as well.


Abstract: This investigation aim is to study the sericulture significance in Kashmir, the environment influence of sericulture bringing up units, and evaluate the health hazard characteristics of the employees performing in this industriousness. The investigation has been performed in various bringing up units of Kashmir valley placed in India. A collected questionnaire has been distributed between the breeder and management issues for assessing the health danger characteristics of the employees. Temperature, moisture, and light severity have been estimated by using a thermos hygrometer and digital lux meter, orderly. This study demonstrates that most of the breeder have suffered from health issues such as irritation of the eye, damage, backache, allergies, respiratory issues, and headache. Specific measurements have been proposed that might enhance the economic situation of the breeder that might finally decrease the health hazard agents between them. Thus, it is suggested that individual protective tools and instruments for bringing up must be presented to the breeder for reducing the health danger agents.


With the spread of PACS, it has been a challenge to integrate the storage and share of medical image. In this paper, the present situation and problems of PACS in Chinese hospitals are analyzed, and the concept of medical image data center is presented, then the architecture and key technologies of the center are discussed.


ABSTRACT This study investigated Type I error rates for tests of fixed effects in mixed linear models using Wald F-statistics with the Kenward–Roger adjustment. Data were generated using 15 covariance structures. Correct covariance structures as well as those selected using the Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and Schwarz's Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) criteria were examined. Performance of the AIC and BIC criteria in selecting the true covariance structure was also studied. Type I error rates for the correct models were often adequate depending on the sample size and complexity of covariance structure. Type I error rates for the best AIC and BIC models were always higher than target values, but those obtained using BIC were closer to the target value than those obtained using AIC. For unbalanced data, Type I error rates for the between-subjects effect were closer to target values for positive pairing while those for the within-subject effect were closer for negative pairing. Success of AIC and BIC in selecting the correct covariance structure was low.


The present paper aims to investigate the concept of compassion in George Eliot's novella The Lifted Veil (1859). The central argument is that compassion is one of the essential conceptions that should take into awareness to probe and reveal the insight natural expressions of compassion in Eliot's The Lifted Veil. The study sheds light upon the different forms of compassion such as sympathy, love and friendship and the major impact of each of them on the protagonists' development. The study relies on the psychoanalytic perspective in analyzing the concept of compassion in Eliot's The Lifted Veil . Psychoanalytic theories of compassion such as Personality Theory propose that compassion has significant impacts on the life of human beings. The study focuses on the various theories proposed by Sigmund Freud concerning early-childhood development which stress the seriousness of childhood stories and their struggles in the development of adults. In addition to that, the study is based on a close reading of Eliot's literary texts and followed by a literary analysis of Eliot's The Lifted Veil . The study focuses on Eliot's The Lifted Veil and could be applied to other works. Moreover, the reading of Eliot's novella The Lifted Veil could be used to promote her work as valuable to contemporary readers because of the ideas her work has on people.


The implementation of Short Takeoff/Vertical Landing (STOVL) specific task tailored control modes in a supersonic fighter/attack aircraft cockpit is investigated. A detailed linear model exhibiting STOVL Level 1 handling qualities is implemented in a real time engineering workstation environment with an F-16 cockpit mock-up. Conventional F-16 control inceptors are utilized to achieve effective STOVL operation and reduced pilot workload throughout the transition to hover flight region. Favorable pilot comments indicate the existing F-16 cockpit configuration with a force sidestick is adaptable to STOVL operation.


Although skeletal tumor is predominantly a disease affecting elder large- and giant-breed dogs, its possibility in a small-sized, young dog can never be ruled out. A case of osteosarcoma involving the left proximal humerus in a 3.5 years old Beagle is described. With vicious systemic metastasis, the dog was euthanized with the survival time of 16 weeks after amputation of affected limb. In the management of canine osteosarcoma, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment including surgical excision and adjuvant chemotherapy are critical.


s: The quality of frying palm oil will change in frying course,the degree of deterioration of the discarded palm oil from restaurants and the effects of oil on biological body is reported.


Background: Improvement in neonatal health care services has led to the survival of extreme low birth weight babies over the years. This has led to increased number of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) cases being diagnosed. Thus it becomes imperative to identify factors which can reliably predict preterm neonates at increased risk of ROP. Aims and objectives were to identify red cell indices at 4 weeks postpartum which can predict ROP in extreme low birth weight neonates.Methods: Three years ROP data in extremely low birth weight neonates was retrospectively collected and analyzed.Results: The mean gestational age at birth of the neonates in ROP group (n=149) and no-ROP group (n=191) was 28.25 (±2.71) weeks and 31.82 (±2.24) weeks, respectively (p<0.05). The mean birth weight of the neonates in ROP group and no-ROP group was 756.44 (±95.50) grams and 890 (±109.20) grams, respectively (p<0.05). In extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates, hematologic parameters such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values were lower and white blood cell count was higher in ROP group as compared to no-ROP group (p<0.05).Conclusions: Red cell indices may predict which extreme low birth weight neonates are at increased risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity. Being easily and widely available, red cell indices can be used as a screening test to predict ROP.


Radio frequency (RF) self-bias was systematically measured in an inductively coupled Cl2 plasma and it was compared with the theory previously reported for the negative ion containing plasma. Measured RF self-bias was easier to build up at lower RF source power, and this is simply because the negative chlorine ion relatively increases and thus the sheath width becomes larger in this condition. The experimentally determined sheath width was found to be consistent with the theory.