HB9 (G160.9+2.6) is a mixed-morphology Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) at a distance of ∼0.6 kpc. Previous analyses revealed recombining plasma emission in X-rays and an expanding shell structure in H i and CO emission, which were correlating with the spatial extent of HB9. In GeV energies, HB9 was found to show extended gamma-ray emission with a morphology that is consistent with the radio continuum emission showing a log-parabola-type spectrum. The overlap reported between the gas data and the excess gamma-ray emission at the southern region of the SNR's shell could indicate a possible interaction between them. We searched for hadronic gamma-ray emission signature in the spectrum to uncover possible interaction between the molecular environment and the SNR. Here we report the results of the gamma-ray spectral modelling


The hydrochloride salt of a synthetic derivative of cyclohexanone with analgesic and anesthetic activities. Although its mechanism of action is not well understood, ketamine appears to non-competitively block N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and may interact with opioid mu receptors and sigma receptors, thereby reducing pain perception, inducing sedation, and producing dissociative anesthesia.


The group, Drazin and Koliha-Drazin inverses are particular classes of commuting outer inverses. In this note, we use the inverse along an element to study some spectral conditions related to these inverses in the case of bounded linear operators on a Banach space.


A robot actor simulation system for robot dramas comprises a robot model (10), a simulation environment module (20) in connection with the robot model (10), and a planner module (30) and a sensing detection module (40) which are in connection with the simulation environment module (20). The robot actor simulation system of the invention is a simulation analysis system based on multifunctional robot simulation analysis software Webots, and well solves the problem of poor simulation generality. The robot actor simulation system integrates modeling, programming, simulation and program transplantation, and realizes three-dimensional modeling, establishment of virtual environment and control programming. Furthermore, the robot actor simulation system has a physical engine and various built-in sensors and therefore realizes sensing detection in the physical environment, making the simulation effect relatively real and reliable.


To perform evaluations of natural gas-fueled and competing energy technologies it is necessary to have complete, correct and up to date utility billing data. The rates in this study were collected from the utilities that serve the 45 cities involved in the study. These rates apply to the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors of service and include both general service and various innovative rate structures. The information compiled from the utilities was compared to data from other sources to ensure consistency. Additional contact was made with specific utilities to resolve observed conflicts of information. The construction of this data base satisfies both the immediate need for energy prices to compute operating costs and the longer-term requirement for the analysis of rate structures for characteristics and trends. Volume II includes rates for the South region (Appendix D) and the West region (Appendix E), known utility rate revisions (Appendix F), and 1988 utility sales data (Appendix G).


Abstract We explore the origin of the radio emission from the low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs), by investigating the ADAF model with a hybrid of thermal and nonthermal electrons. We find that the radio emission of LLAGNs is severely underpredicted by pure ADAF model, and can be naturally explained by the ADAF model with a hybrid electron population. Our model can roughly reproduce the anti-correlation between the mass-corrected radio loudness and the Eddington ratio for the LLAGNs. We further model the SEDs of each source, and find that roughly all sources can be well fitted if a small fraction of the steady state electron energy is ejected into the nonthermal electrons.


Versatile standardized pulse modulation nondissipatively regulated control signal processing circuits were applied to three most commonly used dc to dc power converter configurations: (1) the series switching buck-regulator, (2) the pulse modulated parallel inverter, and (3) the buck-boost converter. The unique control concept and the commonality of control functions for all switching regulators have resulted in improved static and dynamic performance and control circuit standardization. New power-circuit technology was also applied to enhance reliability and to achieve optimum weight and efficiency.


Results of pulsed plasma streams processing of material surfaces with previously deposited FeB and TiAlN coatings are presented. Under the plasma treatment intensive mixing the materials of coating with the material of substrate was achieved. In the first case this provided boronizing of the modified layer with aim of corrosion properties improvement, in the second case – formation of intermediate mixed layer for subsequent deposition of the hard alloyed coatings. Materials alloying with pulsed metal-gas plasma is discussed also. PACS: 52.77.-j; 81.15.-z; 81.65.-b


This paper presents a study in which the changes in molecular size distribution and consistency, of a given asphalt, caused mainly by oxidation during the thin film oven test (TFOT) are investigated. Samples of asphalt cement with the same consistency were exposed to various levels of oxidation (specific periods of time during the TFOT) and then characterized by means of consistency tests (penetration and viscosity). These samples were also characterized employing the high pressure liquid chromatography in the gel permeation mode referred to as the high pressure gel permeation chromatography (HP-GPC). It was concluded that the artificial weathering of the asphalt cement binder (used in this study) resulted in a significant increase in large molecular size (LMS) percentage associated with a significant decrease in medium molecular size (MMS) and small molecular size (SMS) percentages. Regression analyses provided relationships between the asphalt binder consistency (penetration and viscosity) and the relative percentages of LMS, MMS, and SMS.


Infrastructure provides wide economic, social and environmental benefits and is thus critical for development. Infrastructure is particularly relevant for the development of countries with special needs, as it enables them to overcome structural bottlenecks. Its importance is recognized in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as it directly and indirectly affects several Sustainable Development Goals. The Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014-2024, the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020 and SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway also highlight infrastructure as a priority area for development.


The continuous evolution in the computer systems, has allowed the systematization of many processes more effectively and efficiently. In some cases, many of these, are made by virtual ways. But the other hand, considering that in order to implement these systems we must have some human and physical resources, it is necessary to analyze the possible vulnerabilities that may arise and become a threat. For this reason, and starting from the assertion that no system is 100% secure, you need to have certain protocols or guidelines to follow in order to cope with these risks and minimize them to an item quantifiable and manageable. In this Research Final Report not only analyzes different criteria to take into account in order to detect certain vulnerabilities, the tools and methodologies that can be implemented to create a proposed plan of continuity and recovery of an ERP system in college EAN .


Stable positions of a proton in the protonic conductor Sc-doped SrTiO 3 are obtained by a steepest-descents optimization of the ionic configurations in the first-principles pseudopotential calculation. It is shown that, in a stable ionic configuration, a Ti (or Sc) ion moves away from the proton, while two O ions move towards the proton, from their positions in the ionic configuration of a perfect crystal SrTiO 3 , and that an O-H bond is formed, the length of which is about 1.03 A. The proton is located on the side opposite the Ti(Sc) ion with respect to a line connecting the two O ions, and the H-O-O angle is approximately 13°.


The mechanical properties of dual curable adhesives (DCA) are characterized. The effective cure shrinkage in two stages of curing – UV curing and thermal curing – is measured first by an optical strain sensor called fiber Bragg grating (FBG) embedded in a cylindrically shaped specimen. The conventional DMA testing is conducted to obtain the time-temperature dependent Young's modulus, and the corresponding time-temperature dependent bulk modulus is determined by subjecting the specimen used for the effective cure shrinkage measurement to hydrostatic loading.


Irradiation of 5-aminotropolone (I) in dilute mineral acid solution with a high-pressure mercury lamp affords 2-amino-5-oxocyclopent-1-enylacetic acid (II) in good yield. A possible mechanism for this reaction is discussed.


Recently, Gunningham \cite{G} calculated all spin Hurwitz numbers in terms of combinatorics of Sergeev algebra. In this paper, we use a spin curve degeneration to obtain a recursion formula for degree three spin Hurwitz numbers.


The record of periglacial cryoturbation features in the continental interior is poor, particularly in Ohio. Many such features may be present but are overlooked or misinterpreted because of their small size. In eastern Ohio, small, 15-cm involutions were amplified in a recently made roadcut by the low angle of the cut and accentuated by moisture contrasts between the texturally dissimilar materials of the involutions. The involutions occurred above deeply weathered Illinoian outwash gravels at the contact between pebbly silty materials of Wisconsin age and Wisconsin loess. The small size of the features, the result of a periglacial climate of short duration, was revealed by careful leveling.


On the research of the disorderly working condition and management in small-and-medium-sized manufacture enterprises,we established an integrated management information system which covers product management,product examination, inventory management,material management,contract management and system maintenance.Due to its simple application and high efficiency,it has been a favorable tool of the enterprises information management.


Violin Playing. 3 Volumes. Edited by Paul de Keyser. Faber Music Limited, London/G. Schirmer, 1987. $6.95 each This series of three volumes contains more than 100 short first-position solos for violin with easy keyboard accompaniment. The quality of the music is excellent: folk tunes from many different European countries, traditional melodies interesting to young children, and newly composed pieces. The three volumes are graded and form a successive list of technical skills for young students, ranging from de tache to staccato and from F sharps to G sharps and B flats. Each volume contains catchy illustrations attractive to young children. This collection is highly recommended because of its excellent music, sequence, and appearance. [R.G.] Baroque Pieces for Violin and Piano. Arranged by Watson Forbes. Oxford, 1986. $9.95 This collection of five baroque pieces contains arrangements of keyboard and operatic literature by Purcell, Scarlatti, Handel, Bach, and Vivaldi. Technical difficulties are appropriate for the intermediate violinist. With so many wonderful original baroque pieces for violin and keyboard, one wonders why arrangements of other baroque literature are necessary. However, if you are looking for it, here it is! [R.G.]


Marsh AB, DiPonio L, Yamakawa K, Khurana S, Haig AJ: Changes in posture and perceived exertion in adolescents wearing backpacks with and without abdominal supports. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2006;85:509–515. Objective:The goal was to examine whether backpacks with an abdominal support device improve posture and decrease exertion while walking among adolescents. Design:Double-blinded trial, with 20 subjects, performed at a University Spine Center. On day 1, adolescents walked on a treadmill for 5 mins with photographic measurement of posture and responded to the Borg scale of perceived exertion before and after ambulation. On day 2, they repeated the trial four more times wearing a backpack randomly loaded with either 10% or 20% of body weight and with or without the Back Balancer abdominal support. Postural measures were recorded by a blinded observer. Results:Postural changes (forward lean) wearing a backpack with abdominal support were significantly lower while carrying both 10% and 20% of body weight (P = 0.024 and P = 0.008, respectively) vs. no abdominal support. In addition, perceived exertion at 10% and 20% of body weight was significantly greater without abdominal support (P = 0.042 and P = 0.018, respectively). Conclusions:Forward lean and perceived exertion while wearing backpacks in adolescents can be significantly decreased with abdominal support. This may increase comfort and decrease complications, such as back pain, that may arise from backpack use.


Over the years, higher education in Kenya has been characterised by gender disparities. A gendered analysis of admissions at University illustrates a low representation of females. But, the Kenyan governments' policies in higher education, should have attended to this problem. Hence, this study seeks to examine the governments' gender-related access policy making processes in higher education. This thesis discusses how the gender-related access policy making process in Kenya's higher education can be analysed. It highlights the government of Kenya's adoption of genderrelated access policies following the 1990 Education For All (EFA) Jomtien Conference, which includes a pressing need of addressing gender equity issues in education, especially in ensuring access to education for girls and women, and removing barriers that hamper their active participation. Further, this study shows that it is useful to distinguish between different stages in the gender related access policy making process. However, the separations between the stages are not black-and-white and decision-making continues in the implementation and evaluation stages. Consequently, policy making is a complex, iterative process that may not be predetermined from start to finish. This study indicates the intricacy of coming up with policy issues or problems, policy objectives and policy instruments. However, there are challenges in the implementation of gender-related policies thus this thesis posits competing views in the practices of policy making and implementation in Kenya, by EFA and through the work of non governmental organisations, in this case FAWE. Consequently, this thesis explores the governments' policy making practice with regards to gender-related access policy formulation and implementation in Kenya's higher education.


The electric vehicle (EV) and electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) have been widely deployed with the development of large-scale transportation electrifications. However, since charging behaviors of EVs show large uncertainties, the forecasting of EVCS charging power is non-trivial. This paper tackles this issue by proposing a reinforcement learning assisted deep learning framework for the probabilistic EVCS charging power forecasting to capture its uncertainties. Since the EVCS charging power data are not standard time-series data like electricity load, they are first converted to the time-series format. On this basis, one of the most popular deep learning models, the long short-term memory (LSTM) is used and trained to obtain the point forecast of EVCS charging power. To further capture the forecast uncertainty, a Markov decision process (MDP) is employed to model the change of LSTM cell states, which is solved by our proposed adaptive exploration proximal policy optimization (AePPO) algorithm based on reinforcement learning. Finally, experiments are carried out on the real EVCSs charging data from Caltech, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA, respectively. The results and comparative analysis verify the effectiveness and outperformance of our proposed framework.


Although the commercial space launch market encompasses less than 2% of the growing space economy, it has become a high-visibility herald of the growing space economy in the eyes of the global public.


Objective: Ureteral injury is a typical complication in pelvic surgery even though occurring not frequently. The goal of this study was to classify the importance of perioperative assessment of serum creatinine with clinical symptoms concerning the early detection of ureteral lesions after surgery. Patients and methods: The postoperative course of 7 gynecological and 2 obstetric patients raising doubt on ureteral integrity was analyzed, retrospectively, using medical records. Clinical symptoms (urinary production, flank pain), and the temporary changes of serum creatinine (µmol/L) as well as interdisciplinary diagnostic and interventional procedures were recorded. Glomerular filtration rate (GRF) was calculated using CKD-EPI formula (mL/min/1.73m2). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, non-parametric tests, and regression analysis (SPSS). Results: 6/9 patients presented with ureteral impairment. In 5/6 patients unilateral (n=2) and bilateral (n=3) obstructions were detected all deriving from anterior colporrhaphy. 1 patient exhibited ureteral kinking healing spontaneously. In patients affected by ureteral obstruction diminishing of urinary outflow occurred significantly earlier than flank pain (2.8±1.0 vs. 28.8±9.2 hours, p=0.03). Mean increase in serum creatinine and decrease of GFR was from 72±16 before surgery up to 160±34 and from 79±18 down to 30±6 (p=0.07), respectively, within 8–48 hours after surgery being significantly different from respective values in patients without obstruction (p=0.03). The increase in creatinine in patients with unilateral obstruction followed a logarithmic graph indicating interference between deteriorated ipsilateral and functionally compensating contralateral kidney after 24 hours. Conclusion: Perioperative measurement of serum creatinine is useful in testing ureteral integrity. However, the negative predictive value is superior to the positive predictive value. According to decreasing GFR highly important is a contemporary registration of the urine outflow in the first hours after surgery.


Medieval houses in Brittany Of course, there are no longer any observable constructions from this distant period to be found in Brittany: the oldest dwelling places visible today date from the end of the sixteenth century. Our knowledge of medieval houses in Brittany is therefore mediated by archaeological research, a project that began in earnest in Brittany in the 1970s. At that date it was responding to a double expectation:


Background : According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2016 the main causes of deaths of children under five years are pneumonia (14%), diarrhea (14%), other infections (9%), malaria (8%), and noncomunicable diseases ( 4%), hence WHO states that pneumonia is the leading killer of children worldwide and is also called the forgotten killer of children. The incidence of pneumonia has decreased but it is still the highest cause of children under-five years' mortality. Aim: This study aims to determine the description and trends of pneumonia in infants in the city of Bitung in 2015-2017. Method : This study is a descriptive study using a cross-sectional research design. And using secondary data taken from the health profile book of the City of Bitung in 2015-2017. Results: The results of the study found that pneumonia cases in children under five years in 2015 added up to 58 cases from the target of 1863 cases, for 2016 the number of cases found was 56 cases from the target of 2057 cases, and for 2017 the number of case findings was 50 cases with targets the findings of 2044 pneumonia cases in infants with the coverage of children with pneumonia treated only reached 3.1%, 2.7% and 2.5%. Conclusion: The number of findings and coverage of finding pneumonia in children under five years in Bitung City in 2015-2017 has decreased, and this is still very low, even far from the set target.


Abstract: To give some scientific references for the multi-level configuration of plant community in urban green land, especially for how to choose undergrowth plants which have different light habits, this research investigated the canopy structure and determined understory light environment of 23 canopy tree species which are mostly applied in urban green land in Guangdong province using hemispherical photography. The results showed that understory light environment was influenced by canopy structure significantly and there were significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) between CO and TransDir, TransDif and TransTol, with the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.88, 0.95 and 0.91, respectively; and a extremely significant negative correlation between CO and LAI (r = -0.63; P < 0.001). Hemispherical photography has lots of advantages which are convenient, rapid, practical and accurate. It could not only monitor canopy structure but also determine single tree and canopy tree species which the canopy was broken. This method is supposed to contribute to quantitative research on understory light environment and is essential for scientific research and popularizing in the development of urban garden.


The article deals with the issues of geobotanical survey of the pasture area "Baytak- Ravat-Jakub" using geoinformation technologies to determine the productivity of pastures, the botanical composition of the herbage, the quality of herbaceous vegetation, and the possibility of using pastures for grazing livestock.


This paper presents a study of techniques used to speedup a scientific simulation code. The techniques include sequential optimizations as well as the parallelization with OpenMP. This work is carried out on two different multicore shared memory architectures, namely a cutting edge 8×8 core CPU and a more common 2×6 core board. Our target application is representative of many memory bound codes, and the techniques we present show how to overcome the burden of the memory bandwidth limit, which is quickly reached on multi-core or many-core with shared memory architectures. To achieve efficient speedups, strategies are applied to lower the computation costs, and to maximize the use of processors caches. Optimizations are: minimizing memory accesses, simplifying and reordering computations, and tiling loops. On 12 cores processor Intel X5675, aggregation of these optimizations results in an execution time 21.6 faster, compared to the original version on one core.


The vital role in the improvement of saline and alkali land was mainly discussed.The principles of the application of halophytes in landscape afforestation were also studied.Finally,several kinds of halophytes which would be suitably planted in the saline and alkali land of coastal city were enumerated.


Disclosed is a method for producing cast iron or semi steel and syngas/reducing gas in a high pressure refractory lined shaft furnace using minimal or no coke. Iron ore and slag producing material are fed into the operative top zone of the shaft furnace while reducing gas which is generated in a refractory lined gasifier using preheated oxygen is fed through tuyeres at the operative bottom and middle zones. The shaft furnace is operated at a high pressure to increase productivity and to facilitate use of the spent reducing gas downstream. Excess oxygen is fed to the shaft furnace to reduce the carbon content in the molten iron and generate semi steel. The present invention provides an economical method for obtaining cast iron or semi steel which also substantially reduces the size of the furnace.


Dinitrogen fixation and atmospheric deposition are the dominant sources of nitrogen to Thoreau's Bog, contributing °1.0 and 0.7 g·m—2°yr—1, respectively. Denitrification must compete with nitrate uptake and the reduction of NO3— to NH4+; the latter process accounts for the fate of °25% of nitrate input to the bog. Gaseous ammonia is not an input, but appears to be lost in small amounts from the bog surface. Organic N is deposited into the peat by plants at an annual rate of almost mg/m2. About a third of this amount is "permanently" deposited, and the balance is recycled through mineralization and uptake. Compared to other ecosystems, the bog processes nitrogen in a parsimonious fashion. Annual fluxes are small compared to total N stored in the ecosystem, and nearly 80% of annual N input is retained with the system. See full-text article at JSTOR


Galling resistance of some selected tool steel/high strength steel sheet materials
as evaluated under lubricated sliding conditions using pin-on-disc testing


The influence of acid site density on the three-stage methanol to hydrocarbons (MTH) induction reaction was systematically investigated over three HZSM-5 catalysts (average size of 1–2 μm) with different Si/Al ratios. The initial active species can be formed more easily over catalysts with higher acid site density during the initial two stages and co-feeding toluene could shorten the initial two stages in the temperature-programmed MTH reaction. For each catalyst, the kinetics of the autocatalysis reaction during the induction period was investigated and the corresponding activation energy was calculated and compared. It was found that the formation rate of the retained species and its autocatalytic effect can both be enhanced over samples with high acid site density. Organic materials occluded in the catalyst during the MTH induction reaction were also analyzed ex situ by thermal analysis and GC-MS after extraction. The characterization results corresponded with the kinetic results very well.


A number of drugs commonly used in clinical practice can affect the serum concentration of uric acid. Some raise serum uric acid level by an increase in uric acid production or a decrease in uric acid excretion, while others lower serum uric acid level by an increase in uric acid excretion or decrease in uric acid absorption from intestine. In addition, salicylate shows so-called "biphasic effect". At small doses it raises serum uric acid level, while at higher doses it lowers serum uric acid concentration. To understand the effects of those pharmacological agents on uric acid metabolism will help to avoid unexpected side effect of hyperuricemia and gout flare. In addition, hypouricemic property of some drugs may obviate the need for polypharmacy and improve the medication compliance.


This article considers the prospects for the maintenance of a European 'capacity to act' by UK sub-state authorities in light of the rescaling of the institutions tasked with fostering local and regional development in England. It considers the formalization and greater resourcing of European regional policy following the Single European Act of 1986 and the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 and the discourse of a 'Europe of the Regions'. It then moves on to examine sub-national capacities through developments such as the creation of 'Brussels Offices' to represent the interests of sub-national agencies in the European Union policy-making process. It concludes with an examination of the scaling back of European representation for English regions and a suggestion that any accompanying reduction in influence may in time be regretted.


Introduction: Weirs are hydraulic structure commonly used for controlling flow characteristics and water level (Vischer, 1998). Also, weirs are responsible for the controlled release of flood flows from the dam reservoir to the downstream channels. One of the types of weir is piano key weir (PKW). Piano key weirs are also cost-effective and cheap to maintain, increase reservoir storage capacity, and offer better flood control (Ortel, 2018). The main problem at the downstream of hydraulic structures, such as weir, is the scour and movement of bed materials. Scouring in the downstream of weirs is an important issue for weir stability and has been extensively researched. In this study, the geometry of scour holes in the downstream of piano key weirs was investigated by the use of experimental models. According to previous researches, trapezoidal piano key weirs (TPKW) are more efficient than rectangular piano key weir (RPKW) (Mehboudi, 2016, Mehboudi, 2017). While there are limited studies on scour downstream of RPKWs, the scouring downstream of the trapezoidal piano key have not yet been researched according to the authors' knowledge (Jüstrich, 2016). So, it is important to study their scour, and it is necessary to compare the performance of these two types of PKWs in terms of scouring issues. Due to the fact that the geometric shape of the weir affects the downstream scour condition, in this study the downstream scour of the piano key weir with trapezoidal geometric shape has been considered and the characteristics of the scour and its rate of was compared to a rectangular geometric shape. Accordingly, the impact of discharge and the tail water depth on the characteristics of the scour hole at the downstream of the rectangular and trapezoidal piano key weirs and the comparison of these changes in the two models have been considered. Measurements were made to predict the scour characteristics of the rectangular and trapezoidal piano key weirs, including the maximum depth of the scour hole, the distance between maximum scour depth and weir foundation, and the length of the scour hole (Fig. 2). Methodology: In this study, two experimental models of PKWs with rectangular and Mosalman Yazdi et al., 2020 Comparison of Downstream Scour of the ... Journal of Hydraulics 15 (2), 2020 96 trapezoidal geometry were made and tested in a flume with a length of 6.0 m, a width of 1.0 m and a height of 0.6 m. 2.0 m length with an average thickness of 25 cm was formed from sandy material with median grain size d50 = 7.8 m (Fig. 3). Three hydraulic conditions in upstream and three different tail water depth considered in downstream and totally 18 experimental runs were conducted. The range of changes in discharge in this research is between 19 to 33 liters per second. The reason for choosing this range for discharge is to examine the conditions of the scour profile in a wide range of flow rate changes. In addition, the dimensions of the channel and the pump used do not allow the discharge to exceed 33 liters per second. Results and discussion: Effect of discharge on the scour hole profile downstream of the rectangular and trapezoidal PKW models are shown in Fig. 8. It can be seen that in all models, as discharge and upstream head increase, so do the hole depth and hole length and the distance of maximum scour depth from the weir toe. Previous studies have reported similar findings for linear and nonlinear weirs (Jüstrich, 2016). As shown in Fig. 4, in this study, the arrangement of inlet and outlet keys of weirs was considered different from previous researches. So, it was observed that the maximum depth of downstream scour occurs below the output keys, the reason for this is the external spill jets from the output keys, which cause the scour hole to fall into the downstream through vertex. In Fig. 9 shows that the maximum scour hole depth downstream of the rectangular model is higher than the trapezoidal model. The higher score hole depth in the downstream of the rectangular model than the trapezoidal model in similar hydraulic conditions can be attributed to the fact that, for any given flow rate, upstream-downstream total head difference is greater in the rectangular weir comparison to the trapezoidal weir. As shown in Fig. 11, For both rectangular and trapezoidal models, at a constant flow rate, the depth and length of the scour hole have decreased with the increase of tail water depth. It is due to a decrease in the height of the drop jet and increase in jet speed during impact to downstream flow. To determine the effect of the geometric shape of PKW and the tailwater depth, the scour characteristics in rectangular and trapezoidal models in the range of conducted experiments were examined and compared based on the configuration of Equation ∅s/H = aFrd (H/h)c . Then, the nonlinear regression method was used to determine the coefficients a, b, and c and formulate a number of equations for predicting the maximum scour depth, its location, and the scour hole length for rectangular and trapezoidal PKWs. Conclusion: The measurement results of the cascade characteristics showed that with increasing the flow rate and decreasing the tail water depth, the geometric characteristics of the score hole increase in both models. Also, the depth of scour in the rectangular model is more than the trapezoidal model. In all discharges, on averagely, get decreases %7 the ratio of dimensionless maximum scour depth of trapezoidal piano key to the rectangular model. However, this difference decreases with increasing flow and total head on the weir, so that when in Frd > 3.9 this difference becomes insignificant and there is not a significant difference in the shape of the hole for both models. Using the regression method, several equations with appropriate accuracy were formulated for predicting the maximum scour hole depth, its location, and the scour hole length downstream of the models.


This study investigated the effects of emissions from the internal combustion engine on pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in men collecting tolls and directing traffic in areas with high levels of air pollution. Bridge and tunnel officers (BTOs) were administered pulmonary function tests and respiratory questionnaires for up to 11 consecutive years (n = 944). Carboxyhemoglobin levels were also measured. Regression coefficients on year tested were calculated on 466 individuals (49% of all BTOs) tested at least 3 years. The tunnel workers had significantly lower FEV1S (forced expiratory volume at one second) and FVCs (forced vital capacity), respiratory symptoms, and higher carboxyhemoglobin levels than the bridge workers. BTOs working over 20 years had the lowest mean pulmonary function values, the steepest slopes, and the most respiratory symptoms. We believe that the data show an association between working as a bridge and tunnel officer and decreased pulmonary function and increased respiratory symptoms, but it was not readily evident whether the effects were of clinical importance.


Abstract In this work, 29 compounds having the general formula: were prepared and their electron spectra, phase transition temperatures and mesomorphic properties determined. Compounds with Z=H, Br, I, NH2, CN, CHO, NCS, NCO, N3, COOH, CH2COOH, CH2Br, CH2CN, COCH3, CH2[sbnd]CH2Cl, CH2[sbnd]CH2CN, CH2CHClCN, CH[dbnd]CH2 , C[tbnd]CH, CH[tbnd]CHCN, C(CH3)[dbnd]NOH, CH[dbnd]NOH, C(CH3)=NOC2H5, C5H11, C6H13, C7H15, COC4H9, COC5H11, COC6H13 were investigated. On the basis of compounds of formula 1, differing only by the kind of the terminal substituent Z, the effects of geometry, coupling, direction and magnitude of the dipole moment on their mesomorphic properties are discussed. These relationships suggest that the nematogenic properties of biphenyl derivatives depend chiefly on the ability of the molecules to associate linearly.


Diffuse elliptical galaxies (or dwarfs) are the numerically dominant population in clusters like Virgo and Fornax. They carry only a few percent of the baryonic mass but are very sensitive to the environment; so they keep a fossil record of the environmental conditions over the life of the cluster.
Recent observations of their kinematics and stellar populations cast new insights to their evolutionary history. The most promising constraints come from integral field spectroscopy. We present for the first time 3D observations of a dwarf elliptical galaxy, IC 3653. These good signal to noise data (S/N=30) obtained with the Russian 6 meters telescope reveal a complex kinematics reminiscent of that commonly observed in elliptical galaxies. The disk-like feature has no morphological counterpart in ACS data.
Kinematical evidences for thin stellar disks confirm and enforce the earlier imagery observations and strengthen the connection with disk galaxies. We suggest that dE galaxies formed from small units, developing a disk. This disk was heated or destroyed by the winds induced by the star formation, and the galaxy was later depleted from the remaining gas by ram-pressure stripping when crossing the cluster.


Abstract : the presence of the new local elites to be threat for structure has been established through newsocial practices they trying to do. Through that social practices, new local elites trying to derutinisasi oldhabits to be new structure allow dominance and their legitimacy. This article purpose to reaffirmed socialchange facts always inherent on the building ethnic and politic in Minahasa. Especially be related withthe power context inside it.Western civilization in terms of education and religion to give modalities for the christian actor toderutinisasi old structure their according to mistakenly. Because conducted a massive and continuous,action of derutinisasi reap success in shaping the structure of christianity on the groud of Minahasa.After the opening tap democratic new order evidently to result the another interesting phenomenon. Thetrend of revival ethnic identity sticking to the surface, also happened in Minahasa. The traditionalstructures trying to repeat past power.Keywords : Politic, Perspective Structure, Minahasa


The North American Newark Canyon Formation (NCF; ∼113–98 Ma) presents an opportunity to examine how terrestrial carbonate facies reflect different aspects of paleoclimate during one of the hottest periods of Earth's history. The lower NCF type section preserves heterogeneous palustrine facies and the upper NCF preserves lacustrine deposits. We combined carbonate facies analysis with δ13C, δ18O, and Δ47 data sets to assess which carbonate facies preserve stable isotope signals that are most representative of climatic conditions. Palustrine facies record the heterogeneity of the original wetland environment in which they formed. Using the pelmicrite facies that formed in deeper wetlands, we interpret a lower temperature zone (35–40°C) to reflect warm season water temperatures. In contrast, a mottled micrite facies which formed in shallower wetlands records hotter temperatures (36–68°C). These hotter temperatures reflect radiatively heated "bare‐skin" temperatures that occurred in a shallow depositional setting. The lower lacustrine unit has been secondarily altered by hydrothermal fluids while the upper lacustrine unit likely preserves primary temperatures and δ18Owater of catchment‐integrated precipitation. Resultantly, the palustrine pelmicrite and lacustrine micrite are the facies most likely to reflect ambient climate conditions, and therefore, are the best facies to use for paleoclimate interpretations. Average warm season water temperatures of 41.1 ± 3.6°C and 37.8 ± 2.5°C are preserved by the palustrine pelmicrite (∼113–112 Ma) and lacustrine micrite (∼112–103 Ma), respectively. These data support previous interpretations of the mid‐Cretaceous as a hothouse climate and demonstrate the importance of characterizing facies for identifying the data most representative of past climates.


The key aspects and features of the Australasian Quaternary Association (AQUA) Conference Field Trip during the Conference held from 11th-16th July, 2010 at North Stradbroke Island, Queensland are discussed. The field trip involved roaming and seeing most of North Stradbroke Island (NSI).


On a recent Saturday night, walking into the theater to watch The Hunger Games, I found myself behind a group of teenagers engaged in passionate debate. I was delighted to realize that their argument was about the Monty Hall Problem and the wisdom of changing doors on "Let's Make a Deal." As an educator, I am drawn to questions like this, which are easily understood but whose solution draws the asker into serious and subtle mathematics. Like optical illusions, they capture the imagination by challenging our assumptions and forcing us to defend our intuitions. Such problems can often be phrased pointedly as "What would you do?" or "How much would you pay?" eliciting an immediate and instinctive reaction that somehow circumvents any mathematical insecurities. A problem more elementary than Monty Hall is that of guessing a number: if someone chooses a mystery number between one and one thousand, how many yes/no questions will be sufficient to identify it? Students are often skeptical that ten guesses are enough, and even weak students (who are not used to believing in their own mathematical ideas) are willing to articulate this. Like the teenagers in the theater, they are excited to defend their intuitions, a defense that leads them deeper into mathematical conversation about how we proceed in the presence of uncertainty. Whether they know it or not, that conversation is about information theory. Information theory arises from accessible questions such as these. Some, like guessing numbers and Monty Hall, are not obviously about communication but greatly benefit from this interpretation (How much does Monty Hall's choice of door tell you about which door holds the prize?). Many, though, began as issues in communication, which are simple enough to tease our intuitions. The desire for communication using only a few symbols arises in many settings, whether we are paying by the letter to place a classified ad; tweeting in 140 characters or fewer; or trying to use lanterns in a church tower to indicate from where the British are coming. The existence of Morse Code, Braille, and textspeak (LOL!) demonstrates that the content of a message can be represented in numerous ways. But how can we do so efficiently? And how can we know that we are being efficient? Claude Shannon's 1948 paper, "A Mathematical Theory of Communication,"[6] gave mathematical language to these questions and then answered them in such a complete and coherent fashion that it is sometimes tempting to claim that information theory began and ended in the same paper. Although the questions he addressed were rooted in application, Shannon's achievement was in asking them in sufficient generality to get elegant answers with multiple interpretations. The fact that so many of his results are bounds that can be achieved asymptotically, gives the subject a beauty


The invention discloses a four-wheeled microcomputer mouse sprint controller based on an ARM9. The sprint controller comprises a main control unit, a first L298N chip, a second L298N chip, a first motion unit, a second motion unit, a third motion unit, a fourth motion unit and a power supply. The power supply is electrically connected with the main control unit, the main control unit is an ARM9 processor, and the ARM9 processor is electrically connected with the first L298N chip and the second L298N chip. Through the above way, the four-wheeled microcomputer mouse sprint controller based on the ARM9 is advantaged by low interference error rate, simple control, good stability, good dynamic performance, enhanced anti-interference capability, simple system debug and the like, and has a wide market prospect in the popularization of microcomputer mouse sprint controllers.


This paper proposes a novel out-of-distribution (OOD) detection framework named MoodCat for image classifiers. MoodCat masks a random portion of the input image and uses a generative model to synthesize the masked image to a new image conditioned on the classification result. It then calculates the semantic difference between the original image and the synthesized one for OOD detection. Compared to existing solutions, MoodCat naturally learns the semantic information of the in-distribution data with the proposed mask and conditional synthesis strategy, which is critical to identifying OODs. Experimental results demonstrate that MoodCat outperforms state-of-the-art OOD detection solutions by a large margin.


The article presents a letter to the editor in response to the comments made on the article "The Impact on Managers of Frequency of Feedback," from the September 1968 issue of "Academy of Managemen...


Haensel, Taimi. The Characterization as "Gatekeepers" – Application to the Brazilian Organized Securities Market Intermediaries. 2014. 214 p. Dissertation (Master Degree) – Faculdade de Direito, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2014. The instant study addresses the characterization of certain securities market professionals and institutions as gatekeepers. It considers the construction made by United States Law, having the debates over the issue being amplified after the two financial crises faced by this country in the 2000's. Briefly, gatekeeper performance consists of the imposition of surveillance, inspecting and compliance duties, to be observed by the professionals and institutions that provide services to issuers and investors in the securities market, under the threat of liability. The rational under the addition of duties to the aforementioned professionals and institutions lies in the design of a more efficient regulation strategy for securities market, aiming to enhance prevention as well as enforcement. Considering the findings of United States Law on the subject, this study investigates how, in Brazil, brokers, dealers and tied investment agents, in their service providing activities of intermediating transactions between investors in secondary markets, either in exchange or in over the counter systems (deemed as 'organized markets' under Brazilian regulations), conduct themselves as gatekeepers as required by law and by administrative rulings. Lastly, it analyses the contact points as well as well as the differences between the employment of gatekeepers in Brazilian Law, pursuant to the debates held under its original legal system.


PURPOSE: An image processing unit is provided to surely prevent image input processing from creating a falsified matter from an original whose copying is inhibited by applying processing to read illegal image data coincident with specific image data so that the read illegal image data are changed into meaningless image data. CONSTITUTION: Comparing image data read by a falsification decision processing module(103-2) of a scanner driver(103) with the specific image data decides a degree of the coincidence between both the data. A falsification prevention control module(106) controls prescribed image processing applied to the image data that are read by the scanner driver(103) on the basis of the decision result.


The embodiment of the invention provides a message processing method and a device and a system thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: receiving a first domain name resolving request message sent by a host computer, wherein the first domain name resolving request message carries a domain name required to be resolved by the host computer; determining a first DNS (Domain Name Server) from a domain name system DNS priority list, wherein the first DNS belongs to a DNS server set with a highest priority in the DNS server priority list; and sending a second domain name resolving request message to the first DNS according to the first domain name resolving request message, wherein the second domain name resolving request message carries a domain name required to be resolved by the host computer. According to the message processing method and the device and the system, provided by the embodiment of the invention, a DNS server is selected from the DNS server set with the highest priority in the DNS server priority list, so that the domain name resolving time can be shortened, and domain name resolving failures are avoided.


Kalla HA, Lee KU, Voss EC Jr. The d i l emma of co lonic vascu l i t i s : r epor t of a u n i q u e c a s e . D i s C o l o n R e c t u m 1980; 2 3 : 5 9 0 5 9 6 . A c a s e is p r e s e n t e d o f a p a t i e n t , d i a g n o s e d preoperat ive ly as hav ing cecal carcinoma, who was found, at operation, to have a pathologica l ly se lect ive vascul i t is invo lv ing the right s ide of the co lon which was unclass i f iable in any of the known vascul i t ides . Problems of d iagnos is and c lass i f icat ion and their bearing on management are d i scussed . [


Kant's theory of the ideality of time suffered attacks since it was first conceived in the Inaugural Dissertation. Johann Heinrich Lambert and Moses Mendelssohn, two of Kant's most frequent correspondents, were the first to object to that doctrine. In this paper I intend to show that these objections are not successful against the theory of 1770. To achieve that aim, I will firstly explain the structure of the objections, secondly I will show that Kant attacks some epistemological consequences of the postures assumed by these objections and, finally, I will demonstrate how the argument put forward in the first subsection of § 14 of the Inaugural Dissertation is the foundation to reject the objectors' assumptions. Additionally, in the last part, I will show that such objections would make sense if the 1770's theory of time was founded on a theory of forms as temporarily presupposed in the course of experience. However, I will also show that such an interpretation would transgress both the principle of charity and the literality of certain excerpts of the text


Objective:To research the clinical features of primary head and neck non Hodgkin's lymphoms(NHL). Method: 62 patients with primary head and neck NHL were analyzed in the positions of focuses, clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment. Result: Tonsilla palatina( 25.8 %), cervical lymphonodi ( 19.4 %), nasal cavity and nasal sinuses( 12.9 %) were the common place of the origin of NHL which had various clinical manifestations. High grade malignant lymphomas represented 75.8 % of these cases whose ⅠE stage and ⅡE stage were 38.7 % and 24.2 % respectively. The complete response, partial response, and response rate were 75.8 %, 14.5 %,and 90.3 %, respectively. Some patients had been long term survival without tumor. Conclusion: Head and neck NHL is generally high degree malignancy. It often originates from outside lymph node and easily metastasizes to lymph node. Accurate surgical biopsy linking immunohistochemical test will be advantageous to make a definite diagnosis. Combining Chemotherapy and radiotherapy or operation should be put into practice to improve prognosis.


We have developed low background CsI(Tl) and NaI(Tl) crystals to search for weakly interacting massive particles as well as to verify the origin of the annual modulation signal observed by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. Extensive studies about the contamination mechanisim of 137Cs in CsI powder lead to the growth of ultra-low-background CsI(Tl) crystals. Similar approaches for NaI(Tl) crystals have been applied to reduce internal backgrounds to less than 0.5 counts/kg/day/keV. Status and understanding of backgrounds and background reduction in NaI(Tl) crystals will be discussed.


(57) [summary] The present invention relates to a shock strut for McPherson wheel suspension with a shock absorber with a body (21) and rod (22). A coil spring (24) is attached to the lower spring retainer integral with the shock absorber body (21) (23). Shock struts, of fixing the first winding portion of the spring (24) relative to the lower spring retainer (23) above and below the spring retainer (23) in a variety of predetermined positions on the lower spring retainer (23) It can be provided with the means.


We consider infinite random planar maps decorated by the critical Fortuin-Kasteleyn model with parameter $q>4$. The paper demonstrates that when appropriately rescaled, these maps converge in law to the infinite continuum random tree as pointed metric-measure spaces, that is, with respect to the local Gromov-Hausdorff-Prokhorov topology. Furthermore, we also show that these maps do not admit any Fortuin-Kasteleyn loops with a macroscopic graph distance diameter. Our proof is based on Scott Sheffield's hamburger-cheeseburger bijection.


The chemical waste generated in today's microelectronic fabrication processes has driven the need to develop a more environmentally benign process. Supercritical CO2 (scCO2) has been evaluated as an environmentally friendly solvent for photoresist development. It is nontoxic, nonflammable, and inert under most conditions. It also possesses advantages such as liquid-like densities, gas-like diffusivity, and zero surface tension. Although scCO2 is a poor solvent for most polymers, certain fluorine-and silicon-containing polymers have shown solubility in scCO2. Previously, negative-tone patterns of 100nm have also been developed in scCO2 using conventional photoresists such as ESCAP and PBOCST with the aid of fluorinated quaternary ammonium salts (QAS). However, the incorporation of fluorine degrades plasma etch resistance, and because of their persistence in nature, fluorinated compounds are coming under increased scrutiny. In order to make the process more environmentally benign, the elimination of fluorine is desirable. Some molecular glass photoresists without the incorporation of fluorine and silicon have thus been designed and synthesized to be processed in scCO2. In addition to scCO2, another environmentally friendly, low VOC solvent, decamethyltetrasiloxane has also been investigated to develop conventional photoresists. In this paper, we demonstrate the patterning of photoresists in both scCO2 and decamethyltetrasiloxane.


The pop music journalist/historian Richie Unterberger published a book several years ago titled Unknown Legends of Rock 'n' Roll (1998). The phrase "unknown legends" seems at first glance to be self-contradictory, and perhaps in most cases it is. Pop records are mass-distributed objects, even if they're rare, and presumably with a little digging even the most obscure 45 or LP could be "known" in the usual sense. This isn't true for every art form, of course, and that is one of the problems that Katharina Otto-Bernstein's documentary Absolute Wilson must confront. The film's subject— avant-garde theater director Robert Wilson—presents some specific obstacles for the filmmaker and the audience. The first is the task of familiarizing the audience with Wilson's work as a theater director. Despite being one of the most heralded and prolific avant-garde directors of the last forty years and a luminary in the downtown New York art scene, unless you reside in Manhattan or any of the European cities where Wilson's work is regularly performed, you probably haven't had an opportunity to see a Robert Wilson production. Consequently, Absolute Wilson joins a handful of recent documentaries about artists or movements in New York whose work is too ephemeral, performance-based, or just plain "underground" to circulate much outside of its home turf. These documentaries include films about Jack Smith, Rockets Redglare, and the "Cinema of Transgression" of Richard Kern and Nick Zedd, and others. Luckily, though, as demonstrated in Absolute Wilson, someone had the forethought to film and/ or videotape many of the performances of Wilson-directed theater pieces.


Introduction: We have studied cardiopulmonary and hematological parameters in pregnancy, such as electrocardiographic parameters, peak expiratory flow rates and packed cell volumes in 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd trimesters of pregnancy. Material and methods: 50 consecutive normal healthy pregnant women in 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd trimester each, between 20- 30 years and 50 normal non-pregnant women of the same age group were enrolled. All subjects underwent onetime ECG, pulmonary function tests and complete hemogram. Results: Heart rate statistically significant increased in pregnant women in 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd trimester when compared to controls (p <0.01). PR interval showed statistically significant decrease in pregnant women in 2 nd trimester and 3 rd trimester when compared to controls (p < 0.01). QTc showed statistically significant increase in pregnant women all the trimesters when compared to controls with (p <0.01). QRS frontal axis showed statistically significant decrease in pregnant women of 1 st trimester, 2 nd trimester (p < 0.01) and 3 rd trimester (p < 0.01) when compared to controls. PEFR values showed statistically highly significant decrease in pregnant women of 1 st trimester, 2 nd trimester and 3 rd trimester when compared to controls with (p <0.001). PCV values showed statistically significant decrease in pregnant women 0f 1 st Trimester, 2 nd trimester and 3 rd trimester when compared to controls with (p <0.01).


In order to clarify the key-mechanisms of self-immobilization of anaerobic sludge consortia, biofilms at various growth stage were obtained over 120 days by installing slide-glass plates as a substratum in an UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactor. Biofilms taken out from the reactor at appropriate time intervals were forwarded to morphological observation with SEM and fluorescence microscopy, extracellular biopolymer analysis and the viable cell counting. The progression of biofilm could be differentiated into four sequent stages: adhesion (until 7 days), clump (8-28 days), conglomerate (29-80 days), and aggregate stage (81-120 days). A strong analogy in self-immobilization of anaerobic microorganisms was observed between biofilm formation and granulation. Entanglement of Methanothrix filaments served to provide other bacterial groups with sites for colonization and to conjoin adjacent microcolonies with each other to form a further extended aggregate. Methanobrevibacter spp. and Methanothrix spp. showed superior capability in adhering to substratum. The population sizes of hydrogenotrophic and acetotrophic methanogens were of the same order of magnitude, i. e. 1.4-1.6 •~ 109/g• biomass at the final of the aggregate stage.


(Latitude 32° 14′.8 N., longitude 110° 50′.1 or 7h 23m.3 W. of Gr.)

April 13–15—A moderate storm began sharply at 11h41m GMT, April 13, with a sudden increase in H of 81 gammas, followed immediately by a decrease of 56 gammas. Numerous similar quick thrusts in H were the chief characteristic of the storm, which lasted until about 01h, April 15. H was somewhat depressed during part of the period, but not greatly at any time.


In 1954, Dean, Roberts, and Robertson, after extensive chemical investigation, proposed structure (1) for nidulin, the principal metabolic product of the mold Aspergillus nidulans.


Meter electronics (20) and method for determining the viscosity of the flowing fluid in the reference temperature, which is pre-determined is provided. Meter electronics (20) includes an interface configured to exchange communication information (201), the reference temperature has been determined in advance (211), the fluid viscosity measured value (214), the fluid temperature measurement (215 ), and pre-determined by that temperature to associate the temperature and the viscosity over the temperature range - a storage system configured to store the viscosity relationship data (218) (204), the interface (201) and storage systems (204 ) and a processing system (203) coupled with. Processing system (203) obtains the fluid temperature measurement value (215), determined fluid viscosity measured value (214), the fluid viscosity measured value (214) and temperature - see temperature viscosity using the viscosity-related data (218) ( 227) is configured to generate, generated reference temperature viscosity (227) corresponds to the reference temperature which is determined in advance (211).


The practical-reflective model in teachers' professional development is an critical approach to promote the teachers' professional competence and reflective ability is the core factor in sustaining this model.The essay adopts experienment,taking teacher development community(TDC)as the intervention factor and exporing into the developmental rules and influencial factors of the teachers' reflective ability.It's found out: 1) TDC which is Internet-based and dynamic has significant influence on the teachers' reflective ability development;2) the theories and activity pattern in TDC are bearing correlations with teachers' reflective ability.


We report the identification of two novel families of odorant receptor (OdR)-like proteins, termed spermatid chemoreceptors (SCRs), in rat spermatids of the testis. The full-length genomic clones encode seven transmembrane domain receptors that share 35–40% identity with certain OdRs and are among the most divergent members of the OdR superfamily based on phylogenetic analysis. RNase protection assays and in situ hybridization studies confirmed the expression of SCRs in spermatids, the post-meiotic, differentiating cell population in the testis. SCR transcripts were undetectable in the prepubertal testis but were readily identified in spermatids of sexually maturing and mature testis. Rapid amplification of cDNA end-polymerase chain reaction and genomic clone sequencing led to the discovery that SCRs are spliced upstream of their presumptive starting methionines. 5′-Splicing of OdRs may regulate the expression of functional chemoreceptors.


It has often been assumed that much of the failure of apprentices to cope with their training courses is due to their lack of reading ability, and some research has supported this notion. At Canberra Technical College, one study (Stock 1976) indicated that at least 20 per cent of first-year apprentices had a reading ability below that required to follow trade manuals and textbooks. This was supported by another study conducted at Swinburne Technical College (Learmont 1977) which indicated that approximately 33 per cent of the first-year apprentices had a reading age equivalent to the average eleven-year-old.


In this issue, we publish 12 original papers, 1 case report and 3 editorials. Writing and publishing guidelines is one of the main tasks of an active nonprofit scientific organization. ASGE and ESGE are very active in producing guidelines. Nevertheless, we should never forget that a guideline is most useful if it can be easily applied. At least, we should as frequently as possible assess if the practice is in accordance with the guidelines and identify the factors associated with compliance to the guidelines. In this issue, we have the results of two US surveys on guideline application, with two excellent attached editorials, one from Cesare Hassan and one from Doug Rex. The first survey concerns the management of patients on anti-platelet therapy. Response rate was quite high (60%). This survey shows that a fourth of endoscopists discontinue antiplatelet therapy for all procedures and half discontinue NSAIDs prior to high-risk techniques. A high rate of patients are thus exposed to unnecessary risk of thrombosis because of this low guideline uptake. A second survey tried to determine if endoscopists are willing to adopt and apply an ESGE statement on incorporating an imaging-guided surveillance protocol to replace the Seattle protocol for Barrett's esophagus surveillance. The study had several limitations (survey and not auditing, low numbers, low response rate) but produced very interesting data: the operators of course asked to be trained in new imaging technology, but more interestingly 40% stated that they would not implement the statement due to the lack of financial incentives and also because of legal issues. The message is "clear" and logical and the discussion which attempts to explain this attitude is precise and very informative for non American readers. A study from Kansas City reports the long-term results of the mucosal ablation of Barrett's esophagus. This study is a part of a randomized controlled trial comparing argon plasma coagulation to multipolar electrocoagulation for the ablation of non-dysplastic and low grade dysplastic Barrett's esophagus. The patients were followed up with annual surveillance endoscopies (mean FU:6.4 years). Recurrence, defined as the finding of intestinal metaplasia after initial complete eradication, was observed in 50% of cases. This study has several limitations (among them, radiofrequency treatment is now the gold standard for ablation) but it raises several questions: How long should these patients be followed after eradication? Does ablation reduce the need for follow-up and is ablation finally clinically relevant (except for high grade dysplastic areas) if patients still need follow-up? Could proton pump inhibitors change the recurrence? Achalasia type III characterized by spastic contractions of the whole esophagus has a low prevalence. Peroral myotomy (POEM) has a major theoretical advantage on Heller myotomy in case of achalasia type III: Myotomy itself can be longer and can extend towards the proximal esophagus. Despite this the multicenter study suffers from several limitations (retrospective, non randomized, ...), it underlines the advantage of POEM in comparison to Heller's: POEM is more clinically effectivewith less side-effects than Heller's. An attached editorial of Sabine Roman explains why the management of achalasia type III is so challenging. Several studies have recently suggested that contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography (CH-EUS) can improve the characterization of solid pancreatic lesions and can overcome some limitations of EUS-FNA. Evaluation of the inter-observer agreement was missing. Colleagues from Portugal, Spain and Sweden conducted a multicenter study involving 11 endoscopists with different levels of expertise in EUS and CHEUS. They observed that long experience in EUS and CH-EUS resulted in higher accuracy of CHEUS, but that inter-observer agreement was fair even for non experienced endoscopists. A large multicenter study has been conducted in USA on EUS-guided liver biopsies. 110 patients have been included in 8 centers. This study demonstrates that this technique 1.) provides adequate tissue (median aggregate length of 38mm with median of 14 complete portal triads) and 2.) is safe (only one complication in a coagulopathic and thrombocytopenic patient). This paper helps to understand the different advantages of EUSguided liver biopsy (safe track avoiding vessels and other structures, possible biopsies in both lobes, reduced diameter of the needle,...). A large study from Taiwan confirmed the role of double balloon enteroscopy for the endoscopic management of biliary disorders in case of surgically altered pancreatico-biliary anatomy. This series only report the results of DBE in case of Billroth II (87% of success, 75% of bile duct stone clearance at the first attempt). Of course, in this case, the papilla can be approachedwith a duodenoscope or a forward-viewing regular endoscope. But this approach is challenging and we now know that DBE should be considered in case of failure. License terms


ATROPHIC RHINITIS is now a relatively rare condition, and so experience of treating it is necessarily limited. Some cases are amenable to medical treatment, but when this fails, various surgical methods of relief have been devised; all have their disadvantages (Taylor and Young, 1961). The occasion was taken, therefore, when a case of unilateral atrophic rhinitis was seen recently in outpatients, to try out a new method developed by Young (1966).


Abstract Background and Aim. The diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has been suggested as a benchmark of quality performance in EUS. However, there is paucity of data on the training requirement for competency in EUS-FNA of the pancreas. KO commenced the service without prior formal training in EUS-FNA. A formally trained colleague (MN) who underwent a fellowship in the same unit was appointed to a substantive post in 2007. The aims of the study were to assess if a dedicated training program in pancreaticobiliary (PB) EUS-FNA of solid lesions: (1) produced better results at the outset of independent practice than produced at the initiation of service without formal training and (2) produced results comparable with those of an experienced endosonographer. Material and methods. This is a retrospective review comparing the first 80 consecutive cases at the onset of practice of operator KO1 (2003/2004) and MN (2007/2008) as well as consecutive cases of operator KO2 (2007/2008) in the same time frame as the initial cases of operator MN. Results. There was a significant difference in EUS-FNA sensitivity for pancreatic malignancy between operator KO1 (56%) and operator MN (77%) p < 0.05. There was no significant difference in test performance between operator KO2 (82%) and MN (77%) (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Our data show that formal training in PB EUS produces test performance at the outset of independent practice that is comparable with an experienced endosonographer, in line with the published standards for EUS-FNA of the pancreas and significantly better than that achieved without training.


ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the concentration of natural radionuclides, the chemical composition, and the geological provenance of sand samples from seven large quarries within the Douala Basin and surrounding locations within the Littoral Region of Cameroon along the Gulf of Guinea. The analyses were undertaken on a total of 24 samples, using both gamma- and X-ray spectrometry techniques. Gamma spectrometric results indicated that the samples from the study area contained amounts of natural radioactivity that are less than the globally agreed safe limits. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry yielded quantitative major, minor, and trace element concentrations that were used in tectonic discrimination diagrams, indicating that these sediments were deposited in a passive margin environment. These concentration and natural radionuclide radioactivity level data provide a reference database for this region of Cameroon as well as for the wider Gulf of Guinea. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The parallel flow of carbon impurity in a thick stochastic magnetic field layer called the 'ergodic layer' located at the edge plasma of the Large Helical Device (LHD) is studied by space-resolved vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy, using a 3 m normal incidence spectrometer. A full vertical profile of C3+ impurity flow is evaluated from the Doppler shift of the second order of CIV line emission (2  ×  1548.20 Å) at a horizontally-elongated plasma position of LHD. The carbon flow at the top and bottom edges in the ergodic layer has the same direction toward the outboard side along the major radius direction. The observed flow quantitatively agrees with the simulation results calculated with a 3D simulation code, EMC3-EIRENE. It experimentally verifies the validity of edge parallel flow driving the impurity screening.


For bounded Hilbert space operators and for all unitarily invariant norms there hold||||A−B|p|||⩽2p−1|||A|A|p−1−B|B|p−1|||,for all realp⩾2, and ifAandBare additionally self-adjoint, then||||AX+XB|p|||⩽2p−1‖X‖p−1||||A|p−1AX+XB|B|p−1|||,for all realp⩾3.


Abstract meaning representation (AMR) highlights the core semantic information of text in a graph structure.Recently, pre-trained language models (PLMs) have advanced tasks of AMR parsing and AMR-to-text generation, respectively.However, PLMs are typically pre-trained on textual data, thus are sub-optimal for modeling structural knowledge.To this end, we investigate graph self-supervised training to improve the structure awareness of PLMs over AMR graphs.In particular, we introduce two graph auto-encoding strategies for graph-to-graph pre-training and four tasks to integrate text and graph information during pre-training.We further design a unified framework to bridge the gap between pre-training and fine-tuning tasks.Experiments on both AMR parsing and AMR-to-text generation show the superiority of our model.To our knowledge, we are the first to consider pre-training on semantic graphs.


Purpose The fixed-dose dual bronchodilator combination (FDC) of tiotropium and olodaterol showed increased effectiveness regarding lung function and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with the use of its mono-components. Yet, while effectiveness and safety have been shown, the health economic implication of this treatment is still unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the cost–utility and budget impact of tiotropium–olodaterol FDC in patients with moderate to very severe COPD in the Netherlands. Patients and methods A cost–utility study was performed, using an individual-level Markov model. To populate the model, individual patient-level data (age, height, sex, COPD duration, baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 second) were obtained from the tiotropium–olodaterol TOnado trial. In the model, forced expiratory volume in 1 second and patient-level data were extrapolated to utility and survival, and treatment with tiotropium–olodaterol FDC was compared with tiotropium. Cost–utility analysis was performed from the Dutch health care payer's perspective using a 15-year time horizon in the base-case analysis. The standard Dutch discount rates were applied (costs: 4.0%; effects: 1.5%). Both univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Budget impact was annually assessed over a 5-year time horizon, taking into account different levels of medication adherence. Results As a result of cost increases, combined with quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gains, results showed that tiotropium–olodaterol FDC had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €7,004/QALY. Without discounting, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was €5,981/QALY. Results were robust in univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Budget impact was estimated at €4.3 million over 5 years assuming 100% medication adherence. Scenarios with 40%, 60%, and 80% adherence resulted in lower 5-year incremental cost increases of €1.7, €2.6, and €3.4 million, respectively. Conclusion Tiotropium–olodaterol FDC can be considered a cost-effective treatment under current Dutch cost-effectiveness thresholds.


Objective:To introduce an improved Tennsion's method for repairing unilateral con genital cleft lip.Methods:Analysing the design and postoperative result of the traditional Tennsion's method,and compared with the result of the improved Tennsion's method.Results:Note that the traditional Tennsion' s method had a defect of resecting upp er lip tissue excessively,and recon structed an unideal philtrum crest.The modified Tennsion's method reformed the operational design of traditional method,and a natomized the orbicular muscle of mouth,reconstructed the p hiltrum crest.Conclusion:The modified Tennsion's method whic h has been related in this paper can widen the upper lip,reconstruct the philtrum ridge,rehabilitate th e function of the orbicularis oris.


Finite-State Model Predictive Control methods (FSMPC) have been presented recently in the field of electrical drive and power electronics as an alternative to the conventional strategies. This paper presents a comparative evaluation between Direct Torque Control (DTC) and two finite-state model predictive control strategies applied to induction motor drive. Both DTC and MPC are nonlinear control techniques which dispense with the use of modulation unit (i.e. pulse width modulator (PWM) or space vector modulator (SVM)). DTC can provide good decoupled flux and torque control using pair of hysteresis comparators and lookup switching table for voltage vectors selection. In contrast with the model predictive control which includes the inverter model in control design. The optimal selection of inverter switching states minimizes the error between references and the predicted values of control variables by the optimization of a cost function. The effectiveness of applied algorithms is investigated by an experimental implementation using real-time interface (RTI) based on dSpace 1104.


The paper departs from differing of two modalities of the attitude of the theistic reason to the problem of evil, i.e. building of universally valid explanatonary models (theodicy) and apologies in the particular contexts (defense). The first one contradicts to the foundations of theistic world-view inasmuch as the biblical texts persuade one that causes of evil are particular and not universal and are far sometimes to be in the scope of a finite reason. In addition, logical problems with mutual correlation of the main theodicies are demonstrated. The modality of defense seems much more epistemically justified and actual, but here by no means all persuasive resources of controversy are used. The author suggests his own answers to some atheistic challenges, in the fi rst place unmasking double standards in the corresponding argumentation unavoidable for any wishful thinking and contraposes to the idea of multitude of gratuitous evils that of infinite profusion of undeserved boons.


Suppressor T cell function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was evaluated by studying the ability of concanavalin A (Con A)-activated T cells to suppress proliferative responses by responder cells autologous with the Con A- activated T cells. Impaired suppressor active SLE, while the defect in suppressor function patient in the inactive stage. The results indicate that


The research purposes: (1) Producing enriched compost of oil palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) with coastal mud and rice husk biochar that is suitable for application to acid sulphate soils, (2) Getting the best dosage to increase acid sulphate soil fertility. The method used: complete random design (CRD) factorial pattern, the first factor composition of enriched oil palm EFB compost, second factor: doses of compost enriched. Data analysis using analysis of Varian (ANOVA), significant differences continued with Honestly Signiant Difference Test (HSD). The variables observed were: soil pH H2O, Each-Al, Total-N, Bray-P and each-K. The results showed: compost oil palm EFB treatment significantly affected the each-K, whilst did not significantly affect the pH H2O, Total-N, Bray-P and each-Al. Although enriched compost treatment did not significantly, and the finding is the treatment enriched compost trend to increased pH H2O, Total-N and Bray-P.


THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOFT SCAFFOLDING STRATEGY IN COOPERATIVE LEARNING TO IMPROVE STUDENT'S CREATIVE THINKING ABILITY IN PHYSICS STUDY Oleh Novinta Nurulsari The results of TIMMS and PISA surveys illustrate the thinking ability of Indonesian students is still low. It is because of students in Indonesia are less trained in developing creative thinking skills in solving problems and the absence of ongoing assistance for students who have learning difficulties. The purpose of this research are to describe varianity, practicability, and effectiveness of soft scaffolding strategy in cooperative learning to improve students' creative thinking ability in Physics learning. This research used an R & D model that includes seven steps, they are preliminary research, product planning and design, preliminary product development, preliminary field testing, product revision, main field testing, and the final product revision. The strategy developed was named Soft Scaffolding E6 Strategy with stages of Explore real-life problems, Engage students with web technology, Enable experiment using analogies, Elaborate data through multiple representations, Encourage questioning, and Novinta Nurulsari Ensure the Feedback. The final results showed that the strategy developed are feasible and practical to be used in Physics learning with the percentage of validity and strategy implementation in very high categories. In addition, the soft scaffolding strategy has a very high effectiveness in improving students' creative thinking ability with indicators of achievement of learning objectives, student learning activities, teacher abilities, and positive responses of students which were in very high categories.


This paper analyses new dynamics in rural areas of Andalusia belonging to protected environments. These dynamics relate to demographic developments that have been taken place over the past twenty years, and their repercussion on changes in the


Abstract Spherical LiMn 2 O 4 fine powders with two different morphologies were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Scanning and transmission electron microscope observations showed that the type of starting solution influenced the particle morphology. The particle structure derived from nitrate precursor solution was porous, while the powders derived from acetate precursor solution involved a lot of hollow particles. X-ray diffraction revealed that as-prepared powders were well crystallized to a spinel structure with a Fd3m space group. Atomic absorption spectrometery analysis showed that the chemical composition of LiMn 2 O 4 was in agreement with that of the starting solution. The first charge/discharge capacity of LiMn 2 O 4 obtained from metal nitrate and acetate was 120-130 mAh/g, respectively. The discharge capacity of LiMn 2 O 4 decreased with increasing cycle number. The cycle performance of LiMn 2 O 4 obtained from metal nitrate was superior to that of LiMn 2 O 4 obtained from metal acetate. It was found that the cycle performance was influenced by the morphology and microstructure of LiMn 2 O 4 particles.


Submitted: 18 April 2020 Accepted: 09 May 2020 Teaching fiction is closely related to science because any sphere of science involves theoretical and applied practical meaning. While forming a fictionreading student by teaching literature we should take into account both theoretical and applied systems of the literature and pay attention to its artistic nature. When the meaning of the word, a concept, or an idea influence the student, he/she starts to think deeply and attentively. Moreover, reading fiction affects consciousness differently. On one hand, it may encourage an individual to act, on the other hand, it may invoke his interest in the subject (literature) and encourage him/her to read fiction. Teaching is a bilateral process, hence, its quality is directly related to the attitudes of the student and the level of cognitive activity and didactic improvement of the teacher's work. Improving critical thinking improves students' cognitive activity. The literature of any nation develops in a close relationship with its history. Any scientific sphere is also closely related to history. There is no life beyond history as well as literature. Therefore, teaching fiction is an extremely effective way of forming historical consciousness. The public opinion in Kazakhstan is formed through the history and literature of the Kazakh nation. Historical events that Kazakh people underwent are described in detail in literary works based on real life. Fiction is important in teaching historical literature, emotionally delivering the historically important issues, and understanding historical events and related issues. In this article, we will discuss the significance of forming historical consciousness. Reading historical works helps to understand historical events. Also, we will attempt to prove that teaching a historical literary work is an effective way of forming the youngsters' historical cognition.


Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata Walp was significantly more susceptible than soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, to Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) infestation; indices of susceptibility were 7.4 and 2.7 on cowpea and soybean, respectively. In addition, the developmental period of C. maculatus on soybean was more titan double the period on cowpea; the developmental periods were 24.3±3.0 days and 58.5±1.0 days on cowpea and soybean, respectively. Furthermore, thenumbers of F1 and F2 adults from soybean were significantly fewer, smaller, and weighed less than those from cowpea. Significantly higher percent damage and weight 1055 were observed on cowpea; percent damage were 16.7±8.6 and 5,3±1.4 for cowpell and soybean, respectively for F1 and 66.7±4.9 and 7.5±1.0 for cowpea and soybean, respectively for F2 while weight losses were 1.33±0.5g and 0.08±0.5g for cowpea and soybean, respectiyely for F1 and 5.16±0.2g and 0.11±0.5g for cowpea and soybean, respectively for F2. The implications of these results on the sources of plant proteins in the tropics are discussed.


The design and operation of instrumentation included in the gas injection system of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) for torus pressure and gas flow measurements are described. Magnetically shielded ion gauges, located on the torus boundary, are used for fast (1 kHz) torus pressure measurements over the range 10−7–10−3 Torr. Gas injection assemblies comprising an array of piezoelectric gas injection valves are situated at three toroidal locations. The gas injection valves are programmed for various discharge conditions including feedback control from the torus pressure gauges and plasma density measurement. Gas flow through the injection valves is monitored by strain‐gauge‐type pressure transducers on each injection valve. The resulting gas flow measurements are used for gas fueling, particle balance, and recycling studies.


Nicholas Lombardo has authored a well-written and unusually wide-ranging study that draws upon "philosophical analysis, scriptural exegesis, and theological evaluation" (1) to tackle a central Christian problem: how the crucifixion of Jesus happened in accordance with his Father's will. This book is motivated by the concern that regnant accounts of Jesus' death are inadequate – especially those derived from Anselm – because they imply that God wills moral evil, thus unwittingly foisting a draconian God onto Christians. A "divine child abuser," in the more pointed formulation of other critics. Lombardo is taking a path of inquiry welltrodden by theologians and injecting a level of sophistication into that critique (see pp. 147-48, ft. 9 for a bibliography). For Lombardo (and these other critics) there is more at stake than a theory of atonement that is disputed in the classroom. Jesus' death raises profound existential questions for his followers, foremost among them: "is God the Father with me as I take up my cross, or is he orchestrating my crucifixion (vii)?" Lombardo wishes to clear a space in which Jesus' followers can confidently address God as their Father. The Father's Will is an extended apologia for what Gustaf Aulén in his little theological classic dubbed the "Christus Victor" account of atonement.1 According to Aulén, the traditional histories of the Christian doctrine of atonement at the beginning of the twentieth century focused one-sidedly on Anselm's and Abelard's accounts of Jesus' death. Whatever notion of atonement could be found in earlier Christian authors, it was either put in "fantastic mythology dress," or merely a crass anticipation of Anselm. Either way, the "real beginnings" of the doctrine of atonement lay with Anselm (Aulén 2003, 1, 8, 9-10). Aulén's enduring contribution was to revive a third view of atonement, what he called the "dramatic" or "classical" view that was ostensibly dominant in the New Testament and patristic literature. This unheralded view was characterized by "Divine conflict and victory; Christ – Christus Victor – fights against and triumphs over the evil powers of the world, the 'tyrants' under which mankind is in bondage and suffering, and in Him God reconciles the world to Himself" (Ibid., 4). This is the account that Lombardo also wishes to revive, for according to it God the Father is more obviously good, "the


Calcium ions are known to facilitate the contraction of heart muscle (e.g. Niedergerke, 1956). The effect produced by a change in the external Ca concentration develops and subsides rapidly and may therefore be presumed to take place at the cell surface, yet quantitatively the rates of onset and decay appear to be too slow to be explained entirely by simple diffusion through the extracellular fluid spaces. It was of interest to obtain further evidence about the cellular localization of the Ca effect. For this purpose the rate at which the facilitating action develops or declines was compared with the rate at which labelled Ca ions are taken up by, or released from the tissue.


OF REPORT OF THE GEORGE M. OYSTER, J1R, BABY M1LKPHIANTHROPT FOR THE FIRST EIGHTEEN MONTHS BEGINNG APRI 24,1911, AND ENDNG OCTOBER 24, 1912, WITH OBSERVATIONS REGARDING THE RELATIVE NUTRIMTI VALUE OF PAS. TEURIZED AND RAW MILK FOR INFANT FEEDING. One hundred and eleven babies were fed pasteurized milk exclusively and 208 babies were fed raw milk exclusively. The average net gain for all babies (both well and ill) receiving pasteurized milk was 0.4274 ounces per day. The average net gain for all babies (both well and ill) receiving raw milk was 0.4253 ounoes per day. Another group of 62 babies received both raw and pasteurized milk at different times. The average net gain made by these babies (both well and Il) while receiving pasteurized milk was 0.4457 ounces per day. The average net gain made by the same babies (both well and ill) while receiving the raw milk was 0.4440 ounces per day. The results of either or of both observations above referred to would seem to indicate that no possible injury to the nutritive properties of milkr for infant feed. ing results from modem, scientific pasteurization, and it must be concluded, certain possible risks can be eliminated through the careful pasteurization of milk that can not be so completely and safely eiminated in any other way. ABSTRACT OF ARTCLE ENTITLE, IDEMONSTRATES FOOD VALUE TOBEZQUALIN RAW PMLK AND IN PASTEURIZED MILK." BY DR. . M. BRNNON, NuTRIT AND BACTERIOLOGIST, UNIVERSITY OF ELIOIS THE MILK DEALSR, APRIL lUS. After two groups of rats were fed, one with raw milk and the other pasteurized milk (pasteurized under laboratory conditions) for several weeks, no difference was found between the two 'groups of rats. This work showed that so far as nutritional value is concerned there was no difference between the two types of milkr. The second experiment varied from the first in that commercial pasteurized milk was used rather than laboratory pasteurized milk. * * * The conclusion from both experiments is that raw milk and pasteurized milk are equal in nutritional value. In experiment 3 * * * rats were divided into four lots and kept in separate cages; one lot was fed pasteurized milk only, the second lot was fed raw milk, the third lot was fed a mixed diet which was supposed to be complete in itself, plus raw milk, and the last lot was fed the same mixed diet plus pasteurized mlk. The accumulated results of all three of these experiments indicate no preference for raw .OF ARTCLE ENTITLE, IDEMONSTRATES FOOD VALUE TOBEZQUALIN RAW PMLK AND IN PASTEURIZED MILK." BY DR. . M. BRNNON, NuTRIT AND BACTERIOLOGIST, UNIVERSITY OF ELIOIS THE MILK DEALSR, APRIL lUS. After two groups of rats were fed, one with raw milk and the other pasteurized milk (pasteurized under laboratory conditions) for several weeks, no difference was found between the two 'groups of rats. This work showed that so far as nutritional value is concerned there was no difference between the two types of milkr. The second experiment varied from the first in that commercial pasteurized milk was used rather than laboratory pasteurized milk. * * * The conclusion from both experiments is that raw milk and pasteurized milk are equal in nutritional value. In experiment 3 * * * rats were divided into four lots and kept in separate cages; one lot was fed pasteurized milk only, the second lot was fed raw milk, the third lot was fed a mixed diet which was supposed to be complete in itself, plus raw milk, and the last lot was fed the same mixed diet plus pasteurized mlk. The accumulated results of all three of these experiments indicate no preference for raw . ABSTRACT OF REPORT TO THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD UPON THE AVAILABLE DATA IN REGARD TO THE VALUE OF BOILED MILK AS A FOOD FOR INANTS AND YOUNG ANIMALS. JANET Z. LANE-CLAYPON. M. D., DS., LONDON. FROM NEW BERI NO. 63. REPORT TO THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND MEDICAL SUBJECTS, LONDON, ENGLAND. After exhaustive analysis and review of the xisting experimental evidence described in a 60-page report, the author comes to the following conclusion: The balance of evidence, both experimental and clinical, points in theman to the same conclusion. Both lines of resarch show (1) That there is apparently no serious loss of nutritive value produced by feeding an animal upon boiled milk derived from an animal of-the same species.OF REPORT TO THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD UPON THE AVAILABLE DATA IN REGARD TO THE VALUE OF BOILED MILK AS A FOOD FOR INANTS AND YOUNG ANIMALS. JANET Z. LANE-CLAYPON. M. D., DS., LONDON. FROM NEW BERI NO. 63. REPORT TO THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND MEDICAL SUBJECTS, LONDON, ENGLAND. After exhaustive analysis and review of the xisting experimental evidence described in a 60-page report, the author comes to the following conclusion: The balance of evidence, both experimental and clinical, points in theman to the same conclusion. Both lines of resarch show (1) That there is apparently no serious loss of nutritive value produced by feeding an animal upon boiled milk derived from an animal of-the same species.


Organizations strive continuously to become efficient. Over the years many of them have tried to attain this through streamlining or reengineering their product development practices. While some of them succeed others are less successful. Product development organizations within automotive enterprises are not different in this regard. Most reengineering efforts seem to concentrate on tasks and schedule. Detailed schedules are cascaded while the identification of enablers on delivering to the new schedule is left to individual teams in the organization. At the working level, the reengineering process is misunderstood as abandonment of things gone right from past practices. This sometimes results in teams reinventing solutions to similar problems from the past. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that a key enabler for success in any reengineering effort is to understand existing knowledge management practices and reuse them in the context of proposed changes. To do so, existing practices would have to be captured in usable formats. Proposed changes to existing product development process within an automotive product development organization are studied. Comparisons are made between existing and proposed product development process. To focus this comparison and understand the changes better, the development tasks undertaken by a safety attribute team within the product development group is studied in detail. An analysis of the development process undertaken by the safety team to existing schedule is performed through case studies. Based on this analysis scenarios are developed for the proposed changes. From the case studies it is apparent that formalized knowledge management practices in formats usable by development teams will help in reducing iteration time through cascade of robust targets. Recommendations are made to build upon and sustain recently implemented knowledge management practices within the safety attribute team. An implementation roadmap for the new knowledge management frame work is provided. Thesis Supervisor: Daniel Whitney Title: Senior Research Scientist, Center for Technology, Policy and Industrial Development


Metastable hexagonal Mg–Si was synthesized by implanting Mg ion into Si. Single-crystalline Si(111) was irradiated with Mg ions at elevated temperature followed by thermal annealing under vacuum. Microstructural analysis with transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of precipitates with sizes of several 10 nm in the damaged crystalline Si matrix. Using electron diffraction, the precipitates were identified as Mg1.8Si, and the crystallographic orientation relationship between Mg1.8Si precipitates and Si was determined. The phase stability of Mg1.8Si in the Si matrix is discussed in terms of the internal stress generated during the precipitation process.


This chapter discusses several problems concerning language and ageing. The essence of the chapter can be summarized as follows. Population ageing is a phenomenon owing to medical and hygienic improvements, but it is reflected as economic and cultural phenomena in contemporary society; its relation to language is a cultural phenomenon and higher social mechanisms are influential. The progress of population ageing influences linguistic surveys. The chapter analyses the relation between acceptance of new linguistic phenomena and population ageing. It focuses on neologisms, fashionable expressions and honorific language. The chapter analyses the perception that the Japanese language is deteriorating and its relation to elderly people is studied. To conclude, at present population ageing does not have the effect of impeding or slowing down language change. Language changes generally proceed over a time span of more than 100 years. Keywords: elderly people; language change; linguistic survey; population ageing


While the theory of the "separation of church and state" is useful, distinguishing the proper autonomy and role of each in contemporary society, it should not be exaggerated. As the African worldview underlines, the political and religious spheres of human life are intrinsically interconnected and necessarily communicate. When an impenetrable "wedge" of separation is therefore placed between church, state, and the media, it will only be artificial and will in the long run damage the health of society.


Many oil and gas companies and related service entities are discovering the spatial nature and true value of their exploration and production data sets as they begin to integrate geographic information systems (GIS) into the management of their everyday business functions. This chapter describes the path that many GIS practitioners have shared in getting to this point of integrated GIS implementation. It also discusses the role of the GIS vendor community, exposes the latest in technology developments, and presents the direction these developments are likely to take in the foreseeable future. Finally, samples of several applications developed by major petroleum industry players are referenced, thereby illustrating the commercial value of GIS and explaining the consequent expansion in take-up that the technology is currently enjoying.