Introductory physics courses can be a challenge for some college students, especially those that have not taken Advanced Placement (AP) physics courses in high school. Even some classical mechanics concepts, such as energy, power, or the laws of Newton, can be non-intuitive and hard to grasp. When it comes to evaluating the learning outcome of our students, some of the aspects we evaluate are their abilities to solve numerical problems. By solving problems the students show how well they understood the concepts and the problem-solving methods. But students can practice enough and learn how to solve related numerical exercises without a deep understanding of the physical concepts. When asked more conceptual questions, some students struggle and lack confidence.


The costs to society of alcohol, tobacco and drug abuse are prodigious (US Department of Health and Human Services, 1998) and occur in a wide range of domains (e.g., excessive morbidity and mortality; lost productivity at work; social and personal disruption to individuals and their families). With one in three people in India falling below the poverty line, the economic consequences of expenditures on alcohol attain special sequences.


The paradox of contemporary Buddhism in Japan is its radical world affirmation against a philosophical background of radical world denial. The key to this paradox is the dialectic of the Middle Way', that is, the Middle Way between asserting that things are and asserting things are not. The universe neither exists, nor does not exist. Though this doctrine was first formulated by Nagarjuna and his Madhyamika School (Middle Way Doctrine School) in India back in the first or second century A.D., it is as up-to-date in practical application as this morning's newspaper. Modern Buddhist2 thought and practice are simply a running commentary on this world view. The Middle Way can only be understood in experience, never through the rational approach. As a Zen priest told me recently during an interview in Kyoto, " the philosophy of the Middle Way is merely an attempt to describe the Life of (Enlightenment) Eatori '1f ."3 The Life, the existential experience, comes first, is the reality concerned; conceptual formulations such as the Middle Way are nothing more than attempts to verbalize what is actually happening, nothing more than fingers pointing at the moon, nothing more than rabbit-tracks in the snow. To gain an inkling of the inner content of the Middle Way we must turn our attention from the finger to


Objectives Malpractice cases involving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are rare. Even rarer are those malpractice cases alleging ECT-related brain damage. The few cases of ECT malpractice lawsuits are not described in the medical literature in detail. Methods We provide a detailed account of a case of a patient and subsequent alleged ECT-related malpractice. The details of the case were collated using the handwritten notes of one of the authors who was present at the trial and the pretrial documents of discovery that were entered into evidence. Results The plaintiff alleged complete autobiographical amnesia after ECT, supposedly as a result of ECT-related brain damage. The defense was aided by the presence of extensive neurological examination and brain imaging both before and after ECT. The defense team also offered to the jury the concept of "dissociative amnesia" as an alternative explanation for the plaintiff's memory complaints. The case went to trial and was successfully defended. Discussion Electroconvulsive therapy malpractice cases alleging brain damage can be successfully defended, and the successful defense is aided by adequate documentation before, during, and after ECT. Conclusions Malpractice cases, especially if they are baseless, can occur unpredictably, but they can be defended if the medical documentation is thorough.


Millimeter wavereflectometry was employed to determine radio frequency waveelectric field profiles in the DIII-D Tokamak. The method utilizes spatially localized X-mode reflectometer measurements in the 65–73 GHz frequency range to detect coherent fluctuations in magnetic field and density driven at the fast magnetosonic wave (FW) frequency (60 MHz). The FW electric field profiles were determined by adopting a geometric optics approach, which is appropriate for interpreting reflectometer data where the perturbing wavelength is longer than the probing wavelength. Successful measurements from this system were utilized to investigate FW propagation effects on DIII-D. The FW launch directionality necessary for current drive was confirmed at a position toroidally close to the FW antenna.


We have conducted an open, prospective trial to assess the safety and efficacy of interferon alfa‐2b and ribavirin in combination for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected hemophiliacs. Twenty hemophiliacs coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV), 18 of them under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), with a mean CD4+ cell count of 490 ± 176 cells/mm3 and undetectable (n = 9) or low‐level HIV RNA (<10,000 copies/mL; n = 11), were treated with interferon‐alfa2b (3 MU thrice weekly) and ribavirin (800 mg/d) for 6 or 12 months according to virologic response. Patients were monitored for tolerance and response at 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks during treatment and every other month thereafter. All 20 patients enrolled completed at least 6 months of treatment with no major side effect requiring treatment withdrawal, dose reduction, or modification of HAART. Overall, 8 patients (40%) achieved a sustained virologic response at the end of the 6‐month post‐treatment follow‐up. Sustained responders had lower baseline HCV‐RNA levels (5.7 ± 0.8 vs. 6.3 ± 0.4 log10 IU/mL, P = .041) but were otherwise similar to nonresponders. All sustained responders had a decrease in HCV‐RNA level of at least 1 log per month during the first 2 months and undetectable levels at 6 months. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin is safe in HIV‐infected hemophiliacs with stable CD4 cell count and undetectable or low‐level HIV replication, and leads to eradication of HCV in 40% of these patients.


The segregation in the South of African Americans during and after Reconstruction and the massive resistance adopted by White segregationists during the mid-1950s were both designed to control Blacks. However, the long-term consequence of these two public policies was the emergence of Black insurgency movements in the mid-1940s that culminated in integration during the 1960s. Furthermore, the movements during the 1950s precipitated the decline of Southern Black moderate leadership while kindling a Black insurgency more actively committed to eliminating both "Jim Crow" and the "separate city." Silver and Moeser define a separate cityas a "purer form of Apartheid," as a "separate city within the context of the rapidly expanding southern metropolis" (p. 6). "The separate city in the urban South was in some respects like Hirsch's second black ghetto in Chicago" (p. 10). A separate city is a Black city segregated within the context of an entire city. Silver and Moeser recount the evolution of three separate cities during the mid-20th century. Their explanation of the origins of the separate city unfolds with a detailed account of how Northern and Southern segregation differed. The emphasis on regional differences prepares the reader to understand how segregation policies in Memphis, Tennessee; Richmond, Virginia; and Atlanta, Georgia, were similar and yet different and how each city's policies were transformed during 1940 to 1968. The book's first three chapters explicate how chronic poverty and "Jim Crowism" affected Black community development and leadership in the three cities. Later chapters argue persuasively that even the success of local civil rights movements and the political empowerment of Blacks failed to ameliorate persistent poverty in the Black urban South. The authors suggest that the rising expectations of poor African Americans during the civil rights era were disappointed by such changes as did occur. The civil rights movement in the South did not reduce poverty or remove racial barriers that continued to handicap many urban Blacks. Although Silver and Moeser thoroughly illustrate differences in regional segregation, reference to


Due to the diversity of both loads and power resources in microgrid, it might be impossible for the power quality index of microgrid to fully meet related requirements,thus a compensation strategy, in which the grid-connected inverters of micro power resources participate the power quality control of microgrid, is proposed. A power quality comprehensive evaluation model based on entropy empowerment with Shapely weight adjustment is given. In the given model, based on the computation of entropy weights the weights are adjusted by Shapely theory and different weight values are assigned to different sampling points, thus the defect that the prominent phenomenon at concrete sampling point is unable to be emphatically compensated because of assigning the unified weight value to all sampling points can be avoided.A compensation algorithm, which takes the implementation of optimized comprehensive index of power quality at the grid-connected point as the objective, is proposed and its solution based on Lagrangian multiplier method is given. With the exception of transmitting active power to power grid, the grid-connected inverters can trace and compensate the harmonics, reactive power and imbalance current in the load according to the power quality of microgrid. The effectiveness of the proposed compensation strategy is validated by PSCAD/EMTDC based simulation results.


Rural credit played a relevant role in the development of Brazilian agriculture. However, the historical evolution of the amount of official resources aimed at farmers showed a sharp decrease since the late 1970s. One of the reasons for this reduction was the subside in this type of credit, which became unsustainable before the restrictions of the Brazilian economy. Literature shows that this high subside volume was intentionally provoked by the policy enforced at the time. This work has the objective of verifying whether there was an explicit subside policy via referential interest rates, or it was overpaid ex post. The main indicative of the study is that the overpaid subside is the result of the unpredicted acceleration of the inflationary process in Brazil during the second half of the last century. The analysis of this problem will make it possible for other studies about the rural credit policy to be carried out from a different perspective than the one predominating in literature. In this new perspective, subsides would be at least partly the result of unpredictability and instability of the macroeconomic scenario and not a solution clearly determined by the rural credit policy in Brazil. The results found in this study led to this indicative of subsidized credit policy due to the inflationary process not foreseen by inflation forecasts. Inflation forecasts were lower in most of the analyzed period, provoking a lower interest rate than the one expected. We conclude that the rural credit program was overpaid subsidized due to the uncontrolled inflation in the country.


The activities of three commercial products of papain were compared as supplied and after activation, and when used in the enzyme-serum method for rhesus (D) grouping. Certain dangers in activation became apparent, and accurate determination of the proportions of papain to anti-D appeared more important than indiscriminate activation without reference to the initial enzyme activity. A technique for assessing these proportions is described.


As carbonate sediments are lithified to limestone, two major porosity changes commonly occur. First, interstitial pore space is partly or, less commonly, totally obliterated as the grains are bound together; second, moldic porosity usually is developed. In sediments devoid of CaCO3 mud, porosity development tends to be more pronounced than porosity elimination; yet preliminary studies indicate that, where CaCO3-mud matrix is found, the moldic pore space is more likely to be retained. Moldic porosity is formed by the dissolution of aragonitic grains which are abundant in shallow-water marine sediments, but is not formed at the expense of grains composed of the two types of calcite (high-magnesian and low-magnesian). Aragonite and both types of calcite are synthesized predominantly by organisms. Because different biologic groups selectively synthesize carbonate material of either aragonite or one of the two types of calcite, a predictable relation exists between biological activity and the tendency to form moldic porosity. The tendency for aragonitic grains to develop porosity is variable. Shell material is more strongly affected by dissolution and consequent moldic porosity development than are the more finely crystalline ooids, which may resist dissolution. Yet, ooids are more likely to form moldic ("oomoldic") porosity than are pelletal and cryptocrystalline grains. Where the process of diagenesis continues, the newly created pore spaces are occluded by drusy calcite mosaic. End_of_Article - Last_Page 614------------


The disposal of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) composites is becoming an environmental issue. To overcome the problem, biocomposites made of ramie fibers and tapioca starch might become an alternative to GFRP composites, due to their renewable properties, environmental friendly and easily degraded by nature. However, mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced starch based biocomposites are quite low due to high void content and poor fiber-matrix interface. In this research, the effect of the processing methods on tensile properties of tapioca starch - reinforced random ramie fiber biocomposites were studied. Ramie fiber reinforced tapioca starch biocomposites were fabricated by means of solution casting and compression molding technique. Random ramie fiber-reinforced tapioca starch biocomposites were succesfully made with the highest tensile strength and modulus elasticity of biocomposites were 18 MPa and 959 MPa respectively. The use of 1% NaOH alkalization process on ramie fiber increased tensile strength and modulus elasticity of biocomposites 64% and 54% respectively. Application of 120 °C compression temperature, increased tensile strength and modulus elasticity of biocomposites 18% and 74% respectively. Homogenous dispersion of ultimate fiber increased the tensile strength up to 91%. However, the addition of glycerol decreased the tensile strength and modulus elasticity for 46% and 39% respectively.


Controlling the comfort of tall building due to wind induced vibration is important for structure design. In this paper, based on MR(magneto rheological)damper, a comfor table design method is presented. As know to all, the criterion of the comfort is structural acceleration. First of all, by comparing the acceleration results of building code and the simulation of computer, the fluctuating wind is modulated to be design wind load. Then, the optimal location of MR damper in structure is chosen based on the control effect. And then, the requirement of comfort is met by effectively controlling the acceleration through the optimal distribution of MR damper. Finally, the reasonable parameters of MR damper are confirmed.


ASN.1 is a standard definition and description language for abstract syntaxes.It offers a method of defining complex data types and specifying the values of these data types.ASN.1 is used as a means of defining and describing data structures by many OSI application standards,especially for defining the structures of various Application Protocol Data Units(APDU).ASN.1 data types and basic encoding rules are introduced in this paper.The design and implementation of ASN.1 encoder/decoder in an MMS messaging system are discussed in detail.This encoder/decoder is used for the conversion between ASN.1 abstract syntax and transfer syntax of MMS Protocol Data Units(PDU),helping to achieve MMS interoperability in a different machines and different operating systems environment.Finally,concrete improvement methods of raising encoding/decoding efficiency are also presented.


Every year hundreds of thousands of Central American migrants from mainly Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador embark on a journey through Mexican territory with the hopes of a better future in the United States - estimations suggest that up to thirty percent are women. Transnational migration is due to heightened violence in Central America on the rise. Although earlier research about women´s particular mobility is scarce, reports and studies maintain that women to a larger extent suffer violence and insecurity en route as compared to their male counterparts. The objective with this thesis is to explore current border policy and its practices in relation to women´s experiences en route. Motivated by mobile ethnography and the need for thorough research in contexts of conflict I follow migrants in transit and explore the various localities pertaining to the migrant route. Aided by theories about transnational border control, its human consequences and gender, I show how migrant women are funneled into a context of impunity, insecurity and violence and conclude that gender norms and expectations permeate these spatialities. Women are deemed as out of place, they have few options but using sex as a strategy for survival, and rape further functions as a regulating mechanism of border control. Violence against women is highly facilitated, thus serving as yet another feature to the gender-specific policing of borders in this frontier between the Global South and North. (Less)


In today's era the key challenge in wireless sensor network protocol designs is to provide energy efficient communication, as most of the nodes in sensor networks have limited battery power and it is not feasible to recharge or replace the batteries. The concept of wireless is not new. When the packet switching technology, the fabric of the Internet was introduced by the Department of Defense, the ARPANET ,it understood the potential of packet switched radio technology to interconnect mobile nodes .The DARPA around early 70's helped establish the base of ad hoc wireless networking. Wireless Ad hoc Networks since then is a fast developing research area with a vast spectrum of applications. As we know that the popularity of Wireless Sensor Networks have increased tremendously due to the vast potential of the sensor networks to connect the physical world with the virtual world. Since these devices rely on battery power and may be placed in hostile environments replacing them becomes a tedious task. Thus, improving the energy of these networks becomes important.


Civil Rights Amendments - Amends the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to prohibit discrimination on the basis of marital status in: (1) public accommodations; (2) public facilities; (3) public education; and (4) federally assisted opportunities. Prohibits such discrimination in housing. Amends the Education Amendments of 1972 to prohibit such discrimination in federally assisted education.


Contemporary US media increasingly portray autism "positively." Based on critical realism and guided by the Disability Studies in Education (dse) framework, three television shows—Atypical, Touch, and The Good Doctor—with fictitious Autism Spectrum Disorder (asd) character(s) are qualitatively analyzed to understand the impact of the media's portrayal of autism on the perceptions of neurotypical educators from the perspective of a disabled teacher educator. Autism in the three comedydrama series is portrayed as a savant syndrome of White heterosexual male experience affecting middle-class families. These portrayals of asd are less representative of the autism community and therefore lead to two prominent television strategies of misleading information—false balance and false identity. Since media are not neutral informers, entertainers, educators, and persuaders, it is vital for consumers especially educators to engage in dse informed critical literacy to ensure the consumption of meaningful information about autism.


We expose a series of aerosol samples from Ghent, Belgium to different temperatures in an oven. We measure δC values and detailed organic chemistry on sub-fractions of OA that are thermally desorbed at several 50 C temperature steps ranging from 50 to 200 C. For carbon isotope analysis the compounds released at each temperature step are oxidized to CO2 using a platinum catalyst at 550 C. The CO2 is then passed on to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) to measure δC ratios. A part of the flow is diverted to an aerosol Proton-TransferReaction Mass Spectrometer (PT-RMS). This instrument is able to resolve low volatility and highly oxygenated compounds that are virtually inaccessible to other chemical classification. Here, we use the detailed chemical information to derive O/C ratios for all organic sub-fractions released at different temperatures.


In this paper,the design contents for sensing and detection module are introduced on the basis of system design.At the meantime,the matters should be attended to are discussed.The design of sensing and detection module is of a good use value in the engineering design.


Let C*(F∞) be the full C*-algebra associated to the free group of countably many generators and SnC*(F∞) be the class of all n-dimensional operator subspaces of C*(F∞). In this paper, we study some stability properties of SnC*(F∞). More precisely, we will prove that for any E0, E1 in SnC*(F∞), the Haagerup tensor product E0⊗hE1 and the operator space obtained by complex interpolation Eθ are (1 + ∈)-contained in C*(F∞) for arbitrary ∈>0. On the other hand, we will show an extension property for WEPC*-algebras.


Population dynamics of six rodent species in Alxa desert was investigated by mark-and-recapture method between 2002 and 2009.The study was performed in three different kinds of disturbed habitat:prohibited-grazing area,rotational-grazing area and over-grazing area.The degree of spatial synchrony was determined with Pearson correlations on yearly and monthly levels.Here,single population data were compared within habitats according to the principle "each with each".Only for the dominant species Meriones meridianus was strong spatial synchrony detected;here positive relationships emerged within years and months independent of habitat(P 0.05).Additionally,both hamster species Cricetulus barabensis and Phodopus roborovskii showed a continuous spatial synchrony in monthly analyses(P 0.05) but not on the level of yearly data.Finally,the common species Allactaga sibirica,Dipus sagitta and Spermophilus alaschanicus exhibited only weak spatial synchrony which was concluded on the basis of single significant correlations but no homogeneous behavior on temporal scales or within types of habitat.Our results indicate that disturbance has a larger effect on spatial synchrony of common species than on the dominant species.The population of Meriones meridianus remained nearly unaffected by the degree of disturbance while species with lower population size like Spermophilus alaschanicus and Allactaga sibirica were widely influenced.It was probably a significant ecological tenet that dominant species have strong spatial synchrony while common species have weak spatial synchrony,and it was very important for balance and stability of the animal communities.


Performance on the horizontal bars largely depends on swings which are fundamental to executing various skills. The kinematics of swings plays an important role in preliminary execution to predetermine the skill performed, thus, swings may differ from one performing skill to another. The purpose of this study was to investigate the technical differences of the swings when the gymnast performs three different skills on the horizontal bars. these are:1) the backward giant swing (BGS); 2) tkatchev (TC); 3) double back somersault dismount (DBSD).


Associated with livestock farming, grasslands with a high diversity of plant species are at the core of low-input fodder production worldwide [...]


This chapter analyzes a variety of ambassadorial reports in order to answer these questions: What was the possible basis for Castilian understanding of cultural diversity? Was it a culturally-specific idiom? And did this idiom include the equivalent of a secular concept of 'civilization,' or was it largely limited to the medieval European emphasis on the priority of religious classification? And assess their broader significance for our understanding of cross-cultural encounters. Three great late-medieval ethnographic traditions are worth considering: Latin Christian, Islamic, and Chinese. The chapter explains with a small anecdote which invites us to consider whether these three great medieval civilizations shared an understanding of what it was to be 'civilized '. 'Abd al-Razzaq's remarkable act of cultural creativity was bold, because its target audience was the court of a monarch who sought distance from Central Asian pagan practices, and emphatically portrayed himself as a protector of sharia. Keywords: 'Abd al-Razzaq's; Castilian; Chinese; Christian; cultural diversity; Islam; medieval ambassadors


Monodispersed nanosize titania partciels with a coefficient of variation of 20% (the geometric standard deviation of 1.2) or less were prepared by the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethylorthotitanate (TEOT) in the presence of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC). The effects of the TEOT, water, and HPC concentrations on the mean particle size and the coefficient of variation were examined. In the case where the initial TEOT concentration was low and the initial water and HPC concentrations were high, particles of small size were obtained. The particles with low coefficient of variation were obtained at low initial water concentrations, high initial TEOT concentrations and high HPC concentrations. The condition for TEOT of 0.025 mol/dm 3 , H 2 O of 2.0 mol/dm 3 , and HPC of 2.5 g/cm 3 in a batchwise experiment gave particles with a mean size of 38 nm and a coefficient of variation of 19% (a geometric standard deviation of 1.20). The monodispersed nanosize fine particles were continuously synthesized using a slug flow tubular reactor. The particles obtained by a continuous experiment were almost the same as those in the batchwise experiment.


The present invention is directed to so as to light and with a fresh taste provide an improved puffer fish as well as broth, the broth using the Blowfish and improve the meat quality of blowfish, further multiplies the unique taste and efficacy Fugu. To this end, the present invention is green onion, radish, anchovy, dry seaweed, including beolnamu hayeoseo In the solar salt in the primary broth composition prepared is provided a puffer fish broth, characterized in that focused liver for again, and the above-mentioned puffer fish broth the Fugu is provided with. According to another aspect of the present invention, for the water 16000-19000 parts by weight, with 240-260 parts by weight of onion, radish 400-600 parts by weight, 6-10 parts by weight for anchovy again, the ratio by weight of 300 to 500 beolnamu and mixed for about an hour boiling step; Align the liver to the rest of the ingredients added to the solar salt in geonjyeonaen soup broth Blowfish production method comprising the further step wooryeonae is about 10 minutes is provided to weak medium heat. Beolnamu, puffer fish, broth, salt


This article explores the dissemination of the photographs and photo-reproductions of the now-canonical North and South American grain elevators, published and disseminated in the early twentieth century in publications such as the 1913 Werkbund Yearbook where Walter Gropius included them as illustrations to his article, and later by Le Corbusier in Vers une architecture, amongst many others. It emphasises that while within architecture discourse the idea of a canon made up of buildings is widely accepted, this article identifies and stresses the role of 'photographic canons' as a means to further challenge these constructions. To do so, the article focuses on the moment where these photo-reproductions were consolidated as canonical and the mechanisms that such a construct implied. It investigates the photo-reproductions' history as objects of trade and exchange, as well as their mobilisation in relation to photographic media and different dissemination platforms to argue that, on the one hand, that this informed their reading as architectural, and thus singular, objects. And on the other, that the materiality of the photo-reproductions' different instances testifies to their nature as commodities and objects of trade, and therefore to the consolidation of their canonical status.


Abstract:Set during the Korean War (1950–1953), Puerto Rican writer José Luis González's short story "Una caja de plomo que no se podía abrir" centers on the trauma that a working-class urban community in Puerto Rico undergoes when the remains of one of them, a soldier named Moncho, are delivered home in a small box that cannot be opened. Focusing on the point of the view of the unnamed narrator, one of Moncho's childhood friends, this article engages with Freud's and Derrida's theoretical approaches to the work of mourning, ultimately relying on psychologist Pauline Boss's concept of ambiguous loss, which refers to a type of grief without closure. Last but not least, the article unravels the massive participation of Puerto Rican soldiers in the Korean War.


To produce more precise descriptions of air–sea exchanges under tropical cyclones (TCs), spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) instruments provide unique capabilities to probe the ocean surface conditions, at very high spatial resolution, and on synoptic scales. Using highly resolved (3 km) wind fields, an extensive database is constructed fromRadarSat-2and Sentinel-1 SAR acquisitions. Spanning 161 tropical cyclones, the database covers all TC intensity categories that have occurred in 5 different TC basins, and include 29 cases coincident with SFMR measurements. After locating the TC center, a specific methodology is applied to filter out areas contaminated by heavy precipitation to help extract, for each acquisition, the maximum wind speed (Vmax), its associated radius (Rmax), and corresponding outer wind radii (R34/50/64 kt). These parameters are then systematically compared with best track (BTK), and when available, SFMR airborne measurements. For collocated SFMR and SAR observations, comparisons yield root-mean-squares of 3.86 m s−1and 3 km for ocean surface wind speeds and TC Rmax, respectively. High correlations remain for category-5 cases, with Vmax exceeding 60 m s−1. The largest discrepancies are found between BTK and SAR Rmax estimates, with Rmax fluctuations poorly captured by BTK, especially for rapidly evolving category-3, -4, and -5 TCs. In heavy precipitation (>35 mm h−1), the SAR C-band measurements may be impacted, with local ambiguities associated with rain features, as revealed by external rain measurements. Still, this large dataset demonstrates that SAR measurements have unique high-resolution capabilities, capturing the inner- and outer-core radial structure of the TC vortex, and provide independent and complementary measurements than those used for BTK estimates.


Developing chemometric models from near-infrared (NIR) spectra requires the use of a representative calibration set of the entire population. Therefore, generally, the calibration procedure requires a large number of resources. For that reason, there is a great interest in identifying the most spectrally representative samples within a large population set. In this study, principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses have been compared for their ability to provide different representative calibration sets. The calibration sets generated have been used to control the technological maturity of grapes and total phenolic compounds of grape skins in red and white cultivars. Finally, the accuracy and precision of the models obtained with these calibration sets resulted from the application of the selection algorithms studied have been compared with each other and with the whole set of samples using an external validation set. Most of the standard errors of prediction (SEP) in external validation obtained from the reduced data sets were not significantly different from those obtained using the whole data set. Moreover, sample subsets resulting from hierarchical clustering analysis appear to produce slightly better results.


Fullerene: symmetries and symmetry breaking, M. Rasetti flux dynamics in 2-dimensional arrays of Josephson junctions, A.R. Bishop the magnetic field dependence of the SDW transport in organic conductors, K. Maki Peierls substitution and Chern-Simons quantum mechanics, G. Dunne and R. Jackiw quantum solids by means of effective potentials, V. Tognetti Path integral approach to classical mechanics and Toda criterion, E. Gozzi et al integrable systems of coupled nonlinear ODEs and PDEs and solvable nonlinear integrodifferential equations of Boltzmann type, F. Calogero asymptotic formulae for cycles in the quadratic map, J. Stephenson cavity methods for mean field spin glasses, F. Guerra c-calculus and fuzzy measures, E. R. Caianiello remarks on constructing a measure for Yang-Mills fields, G.F. Dell'Antonio physical states of unbroken gauge symmetry, M.H. Friedman et al chiral symmetry breaking in lattice QED, G.W. Semenoff a united framework for quantum stochastic differential equations within nonequilibrium thermofield dynamics, T. Arimitsu gauge theory for thermal Bogolubov transformation, K. Nakamura dynamical rearrangement of symmetries in nuclei, F.C. Khanna. (Part contents)


In this paper we present a precise data race detection technique for distributed memory parallel programs. Our technique, which we call Active Testing, builds on our previous work on race detection for shared memory Java and C programs and it handles programs written using shared memory approaches as well as bulk communication. Active testing works in two phases: in the first phase, it performs an imprecise dynamic analysis of an execution of the program and finds potential data races that could happen if the program is executed with a different thread schedule. In the second phase, active testing re-executes the program by actively controlling the thread schedule so that the data races reported in the first phase can be confirmed. A key highlight of our technique is that it can scalably handle distributed programs with bulk communication and single- and split-phase barriers. Another key feature of our technique is that it is precise — a data race confirmed by active testing is an actual data race present in the program; however, being a testing approach, our technique can miss actual data races. We implement the framework for the UPC programming language and demonstrate scalability up to a thousand cores for programs with both fine-grained and bulk (MPI style) communication. The tool confirms previously known bugs and uncovers several unknown ones. Our extensions capture constructs proposed in several modern programming languages for High Performance Computing, most notably non-blocking barriers and collectives.


NETWORK MODELS FOR AIR TEMPERATURE AND DEW POINT TEMPERATURE PREDICTION by KARTHIK VIVEK NADIG (Under the Direction of Walter D. Potter) ABSTRACT Agricultural producers suffer economic losses in crops and livestock due to frost, freeze and heat stress. Freezing temperatures are responsible for reduced crop yields due to damage to leaves and fruit, especially blueberries and peaches. Heat stress could severely impact livestock, and similar temperature conditions could cause heat stroke in humans. Accurate prediction of air temperature and dew point temperature can help managers minimize the losses to crops and livestock. The research presented in this thesis compares artificial neural network models predicting air and dew point temperatures for twelve prediction horizons. The models are compared, using mean absolute error and number of prediction anomaly, with current web-based models available on the University of Georgia's Automated Environmental Monitoring Network website, www.georgiaweather.net.


A state-of-the-art, dual-use, mobile sensor suite has been developed incorporating both active, multi-wavelength, laser remote sensing technologies, as well as passive multispectral imaging systems. This paper discusses the current status and objectives of work ongoing at Battelle in the field of remote sensing for chemical/biological warfare (CBW) agents and environmental applications.


Now the discussion of scientific nature of ideological and political education is in fact an extension of scientific nature of China's pedagogy in the first of the 20th century.This paper sorts out the research results in the five aspects of research object,method,category,concept and practice and thinks that four aspects should be valued,which are objectivity,logicality,system and validity.


The reason for writing this paper is to show the importance of being market oriented in the telecommunication sector and how this can improve innovativeness of a firm. To have a better understanding of all terms related to the topic like; "firm innovativeness", "market orientation" and "telecommunication market" we should see as they are defined. In order to have a better idea about the sector we are conducting the study for, a brief analysis of the telecommunication sector in the Balkans and Albania is conducted. It comes out from the literature and our observation that the key factors to be market oriented is to understand the local culture, analyse user needs and new technology. The firm should follow the world and adapt products to the market based on their needs and culture. Companies should have a flexible organization and increase the competence of their employees to achieve this target. Creating new products or developing innovative services which can be successful in the market depends on awareness of market knowledge. It has been found out that telecommunication firms in Albania are more focused on trying to answer market demands rather than adapting to the technology changes. Some of the basic telecommunication services are provided to the Albanian customers in later stages than their neighbour countries. The telecommunication market in Albania became mature for mobile services but there is still high demand for internet services at city centres and fix phone services at small villages. In this paper we gave the example of Eagle Mobile, a company that can be described as an innovative firm in the Albanian telecommunication sector.


The regulatory environment lags behind developing social relations is quite natural. However, the gapin the domain of legal regulation of assisted reproductive technology has become excessive. Despite theextensive practices of using such technologies, at the legislative level even the question of what an embryoand an object or a subject of law are, has not been solved yet. The paper explores analysis of approaches tosolving this issue, expressed both in the juridical literature and legal precedents (including foreign ones).The approaches to solving the problem of disposing an embryo in a conflict between potential parents and incase of death of one or both of them are analyzed. The authors conclude that it is necessary to legislate thedefinition of an embryo and the characterization of its right status at the legislative level. It is necessary toregulate in detail the assessment of the quality of the provision of medical services in the field of reproductivemedicine


Two indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, viz. 'Swarna' and 'Kalinga III' were compared for their response to iron (Fe) stress. The cultivars were raised with four Fe levels viz. 0.05, 1, 5, 10 mg L−1 in hydroponic culture. Plant growth, soluble protein, chlorophyll content and phytoferritin of leaves increased significantly with increase in Fe concentration up to 5 mg L−1, but decreased at 10 mg L−1. In contrast, lipid peroxidation, decreased up to 5 mg L−1 then increased at 10 mg L−1. However, at 10 mg L−1 of Fe these parameters were more adversely affected in 'Swarna' than 'Kalinga III'. The later also accumulated relatively more Fe, zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) from the growing medium. Zinc concentrations of the tissue, on the other hand, exhibited the opposite trend. Iron stress may, thus lead to secondary metallic ion stresses and under such situations cultivars like 'Kalinga III' will perform better than 'Swarna'.


According to the spectrum of fabric texture and defects, a new method for defect detection was presented. Firstly, on the basis of the fabric texture classification, a spectrum image was derived from the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Then, the frequency filter was designed to remove normal texture information, and the acquired reconstruction images were segmented into many sub-windows, in which variances were calculated as characteristics. Lastly, the characteristics were compared with the standard threshold to determine whether there were defects. Experimental results show that this method is valid, and the detection average accuracy is over 90%.


Mental health professionals have been concerned recently about their liability for the actions of patients in their outpatient practices. The history of suits against clinicians for negligent release of inpatients extends back several decades since before the Tarasoff decision. The authors suggest that the same consumerism/victims' rights trends that resulted in Tarasoff and its progeny are likely to rebound again on forensic clinicians and that such pressures are likely to add to other political and social pressures that already complicate the treatment of forensic inpatients. They present three cases to illustrate the dilemmas involved in the release of forensic patients and argue that clinicians must bear significant responsibility for their current plight because of overstated claims of capacities to predict and treat aggressive behavior.


1 Changes in the survival, allocation of resources and growth rate of three dune plant species from Mono Lake, CA were studied in response to experimental burial. Dominant species, the shrubs, Sarcobatus vermiculatus and Chrysothamnus nauseosus, and the grass, Distichlis spicata, were used. 2 In both field and pot experiments, plants were buried at four different levels: no burial, partial burial, initial complete burial, and complete burial repeated every two weeks. 3 All species survived partial burial. S. vermiculatus and D. spicata were much more tolerant of repeated burial than was C. nauseosus. 4 As the severity of burial increased, all species shifted biomass from below-ground to above-ground components. Nitrogen allocation in S. vermiculatus and C. nauseosus shifted from roots to stems and leaves. 5 The only change in relative growth rate found in response to any of the burial treatments was a decline in that of S. vermiculatus in the field experiment. Relative growth rate of all species was more highly correlated with net assimilation rate than with leaf area ratio. 6 The outcomes of the two experiments were sometimes different, emphasizing the importance of confirming the results of pot experiments with field experiments before drawing ecological conclusions. 7 Desert dune plants survive burial in much the same manner as do coastal dune plants.


Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a significant seasonal fruit in Croatia because its time of ripening is in the spring immediately after the strawberries, but the cracking of the fruit is one of the biggest problems in the cultivation of cherries. In recent years, fruits with a diameter of more than 28 mm have been appreciated, which is a feature of the variety and growing conditions. The cause of cracking is excessive water absorption which most often occurs on the apical part of the fruit. Such damage to the fruit enables the decay of the flesh of the fruit, bacterial diseases and negatively affects the sensory values of the fruit and thus the economy of production. The paper presents various ways to prevent fruit cracking (assortment selection, application of growth regulators, calcium supplementation, etc.).


This project researched into the lasting power of a British YouTuber's career. By looking at the factors that make a YouTuber successful, it was shown that a YouTuber's career is driven by many factors and a long-term career is achievable.


In this thesis the method and implementation of embedding data into MPEG/Audio will be discussed. The purpose of embedding data into MP3 is to add applications and functions of MP3, as well as to facilitate the music company to provide additional service to customers, for example, adding pictures of singers, background information or lyrics into MP3 for synchronous display. Data embedded encoder and decoder will be introduced in this thesis. The data embedded encoder, implemented on PC, is to embed data into three less important music regions in MP3, causing less influence to the quality of music. These three music regions are: sign bites which exceed 10 KHz in big-value region, sign bites in count1 region, and unused bites in bit reservoir region. Data embedded decoder, ported on ADSP-2181 DSP processor, is to catch data for analyzing and executing synchronous display of lyrics and pictures. The MP3 data decoder in ADSP-2181 uses 20.7Kbytes of program memories and 23.6Kbytes of data memories, and will accomplish real-time playing in 18MIPS, occupying about 55% processing power of the DSP. This approach can be applied in MPEG.-2/Audio ACC or MPEG-4/Audio ACC as well, not only in MP3 algorithm.


Objective To study the changing pattern and clinical significance of serum Ca2+concentrations in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE). Methods The levels of serum Ca2+of 48 cases with HIE and 24 cases with non-HIE neonatal patients were detected. Results Serum Ca2+concentrations in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy decreased significantly in first three days,especially in neonates with moderate and severe HIE (P0.05 or 0.01) when compared with that of control group. After undergoing medical treatment,Serum Ca2+concentrations appeared to increase obviously.Good correlations between the levels of Ca2+in serum and the severity of HIE existed. Conclusion The levels of Ca2+in serum had a positive correlation with the severity of HIE.


In AV1, Chroma from Luma (CfL) intra prediction mode is adopted to predict chroma samples by exploiting the linear correlation between the co-located samples of luma and chroma components, wherein the scaling factor of the linear model is transmitted to the decoder side and the offset factor is derived as the average of neighboring chroma pixels. In this paper, the CfL prediction mode is improved in following three aspects. Firstly, the calculation of DC contribution between luma and chroma is aligned to improve the accuracy of CfL prediction. Secondly, to further enhance the CfL prediction mode, a new cross-component intra prediction mode without signaling of scaling factor is employed. Thirdly, the down-sampling filter for CfL mode is adaptively selected at the encoder side for each video sequence. Simulation results show that, on top of AOMedia Video Model (AVM) v3.0.0, an average coding gain of 0.9%, 0.5%, and 0.4% in terms of YUV-PNSR is achieved for all intra, random access, and low delay configurations, respectively.


A method for rapid diagnosis of wound infection based on gas chromatographic detection of metabolites of anaerobic bacteria is proposed. If acetic acid is present in pathological material from the wounds, bacteriological analysis detects facultative anaerobic bacteria in 71% cases.


In this paper the design, simulation and measurement procedure of injection locked clock and data recovery(CDR) circuit is discussed. The non-idealities of the CDR circuit such as power supply noise and lock detection are modeled behaviorally using Verilog-A. The required CDR specifications can be extracted in a very short period of simulation time with the designed behavioral model. The designed CDR features with full speed, dual loop, coarse and fine tuning and injection locked technology. The proposed CDR is fabricated with SMIC 0.18um 1P6M process and consumes 36mW from a single 1.8 V supply. Measured results show that the 250Mbps input NRZ signal could be correctly recovered with 2ps root-mean-square jitter.


Disclosed is a method for recognizing the theft of at least one photovoltaic (PV) module (3) of a PV system. The PV system comprises at least one string (31) of serially connected PV modules (3) for supplying a field voltage (uF), said at least one string (31) being connected in parallel and said PV modules (3) each having a plurality of serially connected PV cells (7). According to the invention, bypass diodes (8) that are connected in an anti-parallel manner are provided for protecting the PV cells (7). During non-feeding operation, especially in the evening and at night, a test voltage that is negative relative to the field voltage (uF) is connected to the at least one PV string (2) in order to adjust a test current through the bypass diodes (8). A theft message is automatically output when the test current and/or the test voltage significantly change/s.


We consider the problem of design and analysis of optimal L/sub /spl infin// (minmax) multiresolution scalar quantizers (MRSQ). The overall multiresolution L/sub /spl infin// distortion of an MRSQ is denned to be a weighted sum of L/sub /spl infin// distortions over all refinement levels of the MRSQ. The weight for a refinement level usually denotes the probability that the MRSQ will operate at that level (rate). An interesting relation of the problem to the design of optimal binary prefix codes under a code cell contiguity constraint is established: Lower bounds for the overall multiresolution L/sub /spl infin// distortion are derived based on this relation. Provably optimal as well as fast, near optimal algorithms are also developed for practically interesting scenarios. Furthermore, the performance penalty incurred by making a scalable quantizer embedded (progressively refinable) is analyzed. It is shown that constraining the quantizers to be embedded would on average increase the L/sub /spl infin// quantization error by at least 44%.


An investigation of free convection in a horizontal concentric annuli with different inner shapes where the inner and outer surfaces are kept at a constant temperature is presented. The simulation is categorized into four groups based on the shape of the inner entity which can be either cylindrical, elliptical, square or triangular. Flow and thermal fields are exhibited by means of streamlines and isotherms. Overall heat transfer correlations incorporating thermal radiation are established and presented in terms of the Nusselt numbers. It is observed that the surface radiation and existence of the corners and larger top space can enhance the heat transfer rate. As the reference temperature and Rayleigh number increases, surface radiation plays a more prominent role in the overall heat transfer performance.


Background: Apple pomace is a by-product of the fruit juice industry and comprises peel, seed, stem, and pulp tissues. This by-product contains dietary fiber, polyphenols, vitamins, and organic acids that can benefit human health and have a high potential as a dietary source. Baked products are well-known food types to humans and have a key role in feeding people worldwide. Nowadays, enriched products such as bread, cakes, and biscuits are available in stores. Different studies worldwide have been done about applying fruit juice industry by-products in the bakery.
Objective: This research aimed to evaluate apple peel (APE) and pulp (APU) powders separately as a partial substitute for wheat flour in cake production.
Methods: Apple peels and pulp, separately produced as residual wastes of juicing, were dried for 3 hours in the oven (60°C). The dried pulp and peel were ground and sieved using a 60 µm mesh. In this research, chemical and physic-chemical analyses were performed according to AACC (Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists) and standard food analysis methods. Textural characteristic was analyzed by a texture analyzer (Brookfield CT3-10 Kg, US) equipped with an aluminum probe.
Results: Different levels of APE and APU powders (10, 20, and 30 %) were used to enrich the cakes. Wheat flour's ash, fat, water, and oil absorption capacity were lower than APU and APE, whereas the moisture, protein, bulk density, and pH showed a reverse trend. Adding APU and APP to the cake formula increased total dietary fiber (TDF) from 4.14 % in the control sample to 27.71 % in the sample with 30 % apple peel powder (APE-30). The highest a* colorimetric parameter (redness) in the cake core was 3.82 in the APE-30 sample. The addition of APE and APU significantly increased the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the samples (p<0.05). APE-10 samples could improve the nutritional properties of the cakes without significant reduction (p>0.05) in overall acceptance compared to the control sample.
Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrated that a partial replacement of wheat flour with apple pulp and peel significantly increased the dietary fiber, especially insoluble fiber, compared to the control sample. Apple pulp powder and apple peel powder have the potential for use in cake making as a good source of dietary fiber.


The effect of impurity on the thermal stability of titanium silicide (TiSi2)/single‐crystal silicon (Si) structures has been studied. It is found that nitrogen and oxygen in the TiSi2 film significantly influence the morphological changes of a TiSi2/Si structure during high‐temperature annealing at 1100 °C for 2–20 s. Nitrogen impurity improves the thermal stability of the TiSi2/Si structure, whereas oxygen degrades it.


The γ-ray strength function, the average reduced probability of absorbing or emitting a γ-ray of a given energy, is an indispensable quantity for calculations of astrophysical interest. Experimental studies of the γSF have revealed an enhancement of this quantity in the low Eγ energy region, which cannot be described by none of the known resonances or by semiclassical models. To understand the origin of the low-energy enhancement we have calculated the M1 transition probabilities, both in the emission and absorption regions, for the 49,50Cr and 48V nuclei in the f7/2 shell-model basis. We find that the M1 strength distribution peaks at zero transition energy and falls off exponentially, independentely of the excitation energy or spin range selected. The form of this exponential is the same across all three different nuclei studied within this model space. We also show that the slope of the exponential is proportional to the strength of the T = 1 pairing matrix elements.


High strength bolt is the important fastener of automobile and steel structure and its quality directly affects the safety and reliability of the automobile and steel structure.After treatment process such as quenching and tempering,cracks occur in bolt.In the process of installation and using,bolt undertakes complicated stress.So the cracks(especially cracks in bolt root) will finally cause failure and fracture of bolt,which have serious consequence in use.A bolts scanning testing imaging system based on the eddy current array probe was introduced,which specializes in high strength bolt root crack detection.The system could effectively detect the cracks in bolt root so as to prevent the accidents happen.Compared to traditional mechanical rotary bolt eddy current testing system,this system could detect the circumferential crack quickly in lower mistaken rate,and with larger scan coverage,the system has simpler mechanical device.Using real time scanning testing imaging system is also a good solution to mass parts detection.


ABSTRACT The authors focus on a collective biography of 12 women social work educators, all either tenured or in tenure lines, from five different universities at the time of the study. The participants represent several aspects of macro practice including administration, planning, community practice, and policy. Beginning with reflections about coming into macro practice, we highlight memories about first teaching experiences and examine cultural shifts discovered in our academic journeys. We feature students who inspired us and perceptions of challenges in curricular development affecting the preparation of students. This article includes comments that emphasize the themes and focus of our collective reflections. Finally, we place what we learned in the context of a report from the Association for Community Organization and Social Administration calling for the visibility of and advocacy for macro social work education.


A global trend to introduce enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods at the early field development stages has been recently observed. Zarubezhneft group is no exception in this regard. Early introduction of EOR methods makes it possible to achieve higher process efficiency, and, first and foremost, economic efficiency.
 This article describes a pilot project involving implementation of diverter technologies at the field with complex carbonate reservoirs.
 The following aspects have been reviewed: the structure of the Kharyaga D3-III reservoir, main issues related to the reservoir development and ways to resolve such issues. Laboratory studies of the applied compositions' properties, as well as filtration experiments have been described. The article also presents an overview of the available diverter technologies.
 The article also describes field implementation of the operations completed, namely, criteria for interface area selection, injection design development, work progress and efficiency evaluation for the EOR method applied.
 The operations completed on 5 injectors resulted in around 65 thousand tons of incremental oil from the producers.
 The operations were found successful; a new program for injection of polymer solution slugs is currently being developed.


In this paper, the ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{III}}$-edge spectroscopy in cerium-based compounds is discussed in the framework of a single-impurity model. A few years ago, Gunnarsson and Sch\"onhammer developed a model to describe photoemission in such systems. This model neglects the interaction between the photoelectron and the remaining system and then is not appropriate for ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{III}}$ absorption. More recently, Jo and Kotani proposed an approach to describe the ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{III}}$ edge of cerium oxide that accounts for the Coulomb interaction between the photoelectron, the f electron, and the core hole. I present a modification of this model by introducing a hybridization term between the photoelectron and the conduction states. A better agreement with experiment is then obtained for intermetallic compounds. Moreover, the phenomenological approach of the ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{III}}$ edges used by most experimentalists is discussed.


In the previous paper, we showed that the Riley polynomial [Formula: see text] of each 2-bridge knot [Formula: see text] is split into [Formula: see text], for some integral coefficient polynomial [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study this splitting property of the Riley polynomial. We show that the Riley polynomial can be expressed by '[Formula: see text]-Chebyshev polynomials', which is a generalization of Chebyshev polynomials containing the information of [Formula: see text]-sequence [Formula: see text] of the 2-bridge knot [Formula: see text], and then we give an explicit formula for the splitting polynomial [Formula: see text] also as [Formula: see text]-Chebyshev polynomials. As applications, we find a sufficient condition for the irreducibility of the Riley polynomials and show the unimodal property of the symmetrized Riley polynomial.


Alcohol-induced flushing syndrome (AFS) is the condition commonly found among Asian population groups. It triggers flushing reaction, redness in face and body, even after small volume of alcohol intake. There are numerous studies currently available, exploring the possible cause and mechanism for Asians to develop flushing reaction [1-3]. The ethanol metabolism pathway is composed of two distinct parts-first, alcohol particles are broken down into acetaldehyde, catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) family, then acetaldehyde is further oxidized into acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) [4,5]. However, for any reason, when ADH and ALDH acquire variants in their genes, they fail to break down the byproducts and cause the acetaldehyde to build up in blood. This, as a result, can lead to flushing reaction, which is recognized as Korean J Leg Med 2019;43:71-80 https://doi.org/10.7580/kjlm.2019.43.2.71


PURPOSE: To facilitate the setting of a tap to winding by constituting the winding by electrically connecting a conductor and conducting runs, and connecting at least a terminal of the conductor with at least two of the conducting runs. CONSTITUTION: A transformer 10, formed on a printed circuit board 12, has a primary winding 14 and a secondary winding 16, which are partly laid in a channel 18 formed between two core segment 20, 22. The secondary winding 16 is a row, constituted of conducting runs 30, 32, 34 which are formed on the surface of the printed circuit board, as a part of the wiring board manufacturing process and has flat conductors 24, 26, 28, which are electrically connected with a row corresponding to a flat conductor row. This connection is performed, e.g. through connection pads 35, 37. The conductor of the primary winding is connected with the conducting runs, via connection pads 42, 44, 46 and plating holes 48, 50, 52.


in recent years, there has been a great deal of discussioI onl the growing need for a new generation of computers. In 1982, a research project known as the fifth(generation computer systems, or FGCS, project, was started in Japan to further the research and development ot the next eeneration of computers. A.s observers ot thi.s project, we conjecture that the comiiputers of the next decade will be used increasingly for nonnumeric data processing such as symbol manipulation and applied artificial intelligence. Moreover, it appears that conventional svstems applications such as 'cientific calculations will be performed by the evolving supercomputers and that current database and mainfianme svstems will be improved for use in national and


Маterial and Methods: Forty five nondiabetic patients (29 men and 16 women, mean age 58.7±12.4) with blood pressure (BP) > 140 / 90 mm Hg despite of combined antihypertensive therapy (diuretic, calcium channel blockers, betablockers) were evaluated. All of them had echocardiographic (echoCG) data for DD І st degree: Е/Е`ratio ≤ 8, Е/А ratio 200 msec. Aliskiren 150 mg BID was added to the previous therapy. BP changes evaluation, echoCG assessment of GLS and Doppler analysis of the transmitral blood flow were performed at months: 1, 6 and 12.


In this case study, change in sediment yield over a one year period was examined on paired watersheds (treated vs. reference) located in east Alabama. The effect of a partial cutting within a stream buffer zone (SBZ) on sediment yield was explored as well as the relative effects of pastoral, forested, and clearcut areas. During the no-harvest (calibration) period, upstream pastoral area generated much more sediment load per unit area than downstream forested sections during rainfall events. A partial cut within an SBZ changed the sediment pattern of downstream sections of the treatment watershed. On the treated sections, the observed sediment yield was higher than expected while there was no significant change in sediment yield from the pastoral area. Some of this increase was attributed to seasonal effects due to reduction in evapotranspiration. There was no change in the sediment yield pattern of the control watershed. The partial cut within the SBZ played a much more critical role than the stream road crossing as the sediment source. This study further shows that a holistic approach is needed to control sediment yield in mixed land use watersheds.


By using chromatographically separated, carrier-free sources, the electromagnetic spectra of RaD and RaE have been investigated from 4 to 60 kev with an argon-methane gas proportional spectrometer. No gamma rays or $L$ x-rays were detected in the decay of RaE. Aside from the principal 46.5-kev transition, no gamma rays (0.2% of the 46.5-kev photons) were observed in the decay of freshly-purified RaD. However, when equilibrium mixtures of RaDEF, from spent radon seeds less than 2 years old, were examined through aluminum absorbers of thickness sufficient to eliminate pile-up peaks (20 to 26 kev) from the $L$ x-rays (10 to 16 kev), a broad peak at about 31 kev appeared; it was established conclusively that in reality this is external beta-bremsstrahlung of RaE, whose low-energy region has been attenuated selectively so as to give the appearance of a gamma-ray peak.


... it would be endless to give him a catalogue ofall diseases incident to human bodies; for they could not be fewer than five or six hundred, spread over every limb andjoint; in short, everypart, externaland intestine, having diseases appropriated to them. To remedy which there was a sort ofpeople bred up among us, in the profession or pretence of curing the sick.... But besides real diseases we are subject to many that are only imaginary, for which the physicians have invented imaginary cures; these have their several names, and so have the drugs that are proper for them, and with these our female Yahoos are always infested. -Jonathan Swift.


The aim of this work is to study the effect of imposing different types of boundary conditions in the Exner model describing shallow water equations with sedimentation, when a train of waves is imposed at one of the boundaries. The numerical solver is a second order finite-volume scheme, with semi-implicit time discretization based on Implicit-Explicit (IMEX) schemes, which guarantee better stability properties than explicit ones. We show the effect of spurious reflected waves at the right edge of the computational domain, propose two remedies, and show how such spurious effects can be reduced by suitable non-reflecting boundary conditions.


Coupled-mode theory and numerical methods for solving uniform waveguides are combined to analyse the transition of a waveguide of slowly varying arbitrary cross-section. The technique has been applied to the design of the broadband Marie mode transducer. Theoretical and experimental results are given.


Objective: To evaluate an easy and low-cost procedure to improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis among inmates devoid of risk of contamination for laboratory professionals. Methods: Sputum samples from inmates were analyzed after treatment with sodium hypochlorite and spontaneous sedimentation compared to direct conventional smear microscopy, culture and the rapid molecular test by the Xpert®MTB/RIF system. The Open Epi and SPSS programs were employed for the statistical analyzes. Results: Of 436 sputum samples from inmates 71 were culture positive (true positives). Out of these 50 were positive by the conventional direct microscopy and 67 by the processed sputum microscopy technique what corresponds to 29% increase in positivity compared to the conventional microscopy. Conclusion: The procedure evaluated maintains the advantages and increases the sensitivity of the conventional direct microscopy. The implementation of this procedure among vulnerable group of persons with limited access and resources could increase the identification of pulmonary tuberculosis cases.


The theory of a one-dimensional fluid of hard rods has received much attention because it often yields exact results which serve as a guide to understanding the properties of more complicated fluids. Of particular interest recently has been the density distribution of nonuniform fluids in external potentials or between solid walls. The purpose of this paper is to report an explicit solution of the nonlinear integral equation derived by Percus for the density distribution of hard rods.


This study presents the characterization of the Baixada Santista environment through the analysis of the spontaneous media research regarding environmental issues between January 2005 and September 2012. The metropolitan region of Baixada Santista (RMBS) is described following the bibliographic socioeconomic and historic characterization of its environmental impacts, through the quantitative research involving spontaneous media on the Jornal A Tribuna and TV Tribuna , between 2005 and 2012. The results suggested an unprecedented economic growth in the number of reports, considering the last seven years. During this period there has been broadcasted 382 TV reports about environment, characterized as spontaneous media, among those: the generic reports about the environment (220); recycling (51); pollution (48); "Onda Limpa" (20); deforestation (18); beach trash clearing (18); "The XXI Agenda" (5); ecology (1). On the other side, on the written press, the number and distribution of topics indicate the inexistence of a media policy for the environment in the RMBS, as well as a low correlation with the environmental accidents that happened within the period. Key words Pollution; environment; The Baixada Santista Region; spontaneous midia


Informed-dispersal theory (IDT) states that organisms may use information on the quality of the local environment when deciding whether to disperse or not. Dispersal is expected to occur from adverse patches where the costs of philopatry (lack of dispersal) are greater than those of dispersal. Evidence of informed dispersal in plants is scarce, and experiments under natural conditions are lacking. We tested IDT in a semiarid grassland using the annual forb Heterosperma pinnatum, which produces awned, zoochorous achenes and unawned, philopatric ones. We expected the proportion of awned seeds to increase under adverse conditions that reduce fitness, (i.e. under high competition and water stress). Heterosperma pinnatum was sown along natural moisture gradients with and without a shade that increased water availability. We found that competition (number of conspecific neighbors) and water stress reduced fitness. As expected, the proportion of highly dispersible seeds increased under such conditions, probably as a strategy to escape from unsuitable patches. Many plants species do not behave as expected by IDT. Our results suggest that experiments under natural conditions in systems where the assumptions of IDT are met may prove to be a wealthy source of evidence for informed dispersal in plants.


OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors, prevention and treatment in patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. METHODS A retrospective investigation was done in 11 cases. RESULTS Most of the cases were aged and in ICU, and suffered from such underlying diseases as diabetes mellitus and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The hospital stay was all over 30 days. Lower respiratory tract infection was in the majority. All the patients received antibacterial agents prior to S. maltophilia infection occurring. The isolates resistant to TMP/SMZ were few. CONCLUSIONS The use of ventilator and broad spectrum antibacterial agents might be the two main predisposing factors of S. maltophilia infection. TMP/SMZ may be the drug of choice for treatment.


We consider the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the first -difference Painlevé equation in the limits and . Using asymptotic power series, we describe four families of solutions that contain free parameters hidden beyond-all-orders. These asymptotic solutions exhibit Stokes phenomena, which is typically invisible to classical power series methods. In order to investigate such phenomena we apply exponential asymptotic techniques to obtain mathematical descriptions of the rapid switching behavior associated with Stokes curves. Through this analysis, we also determine the regions of the complex plane in which the asymptotic behavior is described by a power series expression, and find that the Stokes curves are described by curves known as -spirals.


The article considers methods for comparing bivariate distributions corresponding to two independent groups, all of which are based in part on Tukey's depth which provides one way of extending the notion of ranks to multivariate data. The methods add perspective on how groups differ and they address a technical issue that is typically ignored when using rank-based methods or robust measures of location. The first method uses measures of location as defined by Donoho and Gasko, and the other uses estimated depths of points directly. One version of the second approach represents a natural extension of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test to bivariate data. The other variation is designed to be sensitive to differences in scale. When comparing groups based on measures of location, it was found that a nonstandard bootstrap method is necessary to control the probability of a Type I error.


In this paper, based on the qualitative properties of a modified Chen system, the feedback control law is applied to suppress chaos to equilibria or limit cycles. Some sufficient conditions of chaos control are attained in terms of rigorous mathematical theory. Two different synchronization methods, such as the linear coupling technique and the adaptive active control approach, are applied to achieve the state synchronization of the two modified Chen systems. In addition, some sufficient conditions of chaos synchronization are gained. Numerical simulations verify our theory and demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.


A novel hybrid LES-RANS( large eddy simulation-Reynold average Navier-Stokes) turbulent model was introduced to simulate fluid flow in a mold. The model employs the method of grid filtering which calculates the Navier-Stokes equation directly for large-scale eddies and calculates the standard k-e equations for small-scale fluctuations by modifying the turbulent viscosity coefficient to simulate the flow field of molten steel. The modified eddy viscosity in the LES-RANS model can avoid the excessive diffusive nature of the RANS model and capture the transient features of turbulent flow. In this work,turbulent flow in a liquid metal( GaInSn) model of continuous casting was measured by ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry( UDV). It is shown that compared with the RANS model,the results of the LES-RANS model are more identical with measured data,so the LES-RANS model can more accurately predict the turbulence structure. The characteristics of transient flow in the mold show that bias flow at the two sides of the nozzle changes periodically and the period is about 5 s.


This study analysed the differences in self-perception, goal
orientation and participation in physical activity (PA) in girls (N = 244) attending
military schools. Girls had moderately higher levels of perceived competence,
and there were no significant differences between age-groups. The figure for
task-orientation was higher than ego-orientation. Girls expressed a positive
attitude toward school and PE. Most girls did not practiced PA outside school,
but 63,9% were involved in school sports. It seems that the military educational
institutions are being successful in helping students to adopt physically active
lifestyles. The development of perception of competence, task-orientation,
and favourable attitudes seem to be important factors to enhance the levels of
PA among students


The optical properties of polysilicon on insulating SiO 2 were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry over the energy range 3.0 to 6.0 eV. Spectra were obtained for films as-deposited and after irradiation with an Ar ion laser (focused to a 50μm spot diameter) at 6.0, 7.0 or 7.5 watts. We observed monotonic changes in both e1 and e2 with increasing incident power even though the power density was high enough to completely melt the silicon surface in all cases. The changes observed are caused by changes in microstructure; with increasing power the amorphous component decreases and the density increases. Approximate values of the microstructural components are estimated by comparing measured spectra to those synthesized from constituent spectra in the Bruggeman effective medium approximation.


Shellac, also known as lac, is composed mainly of aleuritic acid. Because of its unique properties such as high thermoplasticity, oil resistance, cohesion, and insulation, it is used as an...


We report on the first observation of the de Haas–van Alphen (dHvA) effect in CrAs under hydrostatic pressures of up to 2.2 GPa, exceeding the critical pressure Pc ∼ 0.7 GPa, where the antiferromag...


Researchers agree that both, a higher level of trust and a longer time horizon, increase the odds of successful collaboration. But research efforts to date have focused more on charting the territory of each construct rather than on integrating the two. We hypothesize that the trustor's time horizon together with the trustee's trustworthiness determines whether protective or opportunistic desire is more likely to induce non-cooperation on part of the trustor. We further hypothesize that trustworthiness has its primary impact on the desire-for-protection (DFP) while time horizon on the desire-for-opportunism (DFO). Our experimental results generally support the hypotheses and give rise to important managerial implications in inter- and intra-organizational settings.


Due to increasing urban population and growing number of motor vehicles, traffic congestion is becoming a major problem of the 21st century. One of the main reasons behind traffic congestion is accidents which can not only result in casualties and losses for the participants, but also in wasted and lost time for the others that are stuck behind the wheels. Early detection of an accident can save lives, provides quicker road openings, hence decreases wasted time and resources, and increases efficiency. In this study, we propose a preliminary real-time autonomous accident-detection system based on computational intelligence techniques. Istanbul City traffic-flow data for the year 2015 from various sensor locations are populated using big data processing methodologies. The extracted features are then fed into a nearest neighbor model, a regression tree, and a feed-forward neural network model. For the output, the possibility of an occurrence of an accident is predicted. The results indicate that even though the number of false alarms dominates the real accident cases, the system can still provide useful information that can be used for status verification and early reaction to possible accidents.


Veronica subsect. Pentasepalae is a monophyletic group of perennial herbs distributed mainly in Europe, with a few species reaching Siberia and one N Africa. Since its first description by Bentham in 1846, both the circumscription of the subsection and the species boundaries have been subject to controversy. The first complete taxonomic revision of V . subsect. Pentasepalae is presented here in the light of recent phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequence data and ploidy level information. For this work ca. 2900 sheets lodged at 63 herbaria were studied and approximately 500 populations were visited directly in the field. Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, notes on habitat preferences, phenology, chromosome numbers and distribution maps are provided, as well as an identification key to all species. Twenty-two taxa are recognized for V . subsect. Pentasepalae : 17 species, four subspecies and one variety.


This paper presents the panel antenna for the DVB-H range. The radiated part is contributed from copper on the FR4 surface. It is the dipole with has the rectangular shape. Each pole is chamfered at the two corners which near the feeding point. The dipole is supported by four plastic legs on the U-shaped cross-sectional ground plane. The antenna is fed at the central between two poles by the 50 Ω coaxial cable through the tuning strip. The whole size of the antenna without radome is 270 x 270 x 100 mm 3 . It provides an average gain of 6.0 dBi and has half-power beam- width of 90 o at the mid range. The return loss is less than -15 dB across the frequency range of 470 - 862 MHz which is the operating frequency of DVB-H system. This antenna is suitable for the base station antenna that has the linear polarization and directional radiation.


This article traces the genesis of an idea: that of the Vespa scooter, officially introduced on the Italian market in 1946 by the Piaggio corporation. The first section follows the process of autonomization of an international field of the scooter between Europe and the United States during the first half of the 20th century. The second part points at the existence of Italian scooters before the introduction of the Vespa and sheds some light on a public and polyphonic discourse advocating the production of a "people's motorbike" at the end of the 1930s. One of the most assertive and influential voices defending the importance of a utility motorbike is that of Renato Tassinari, the director of the Fascist daily Il Littoriale, national deputy of the Corporation of Newspapers and Print Media at the Camera dei Fasci, and an admirer of Nazi Germany. Tassinari, who will be hired by Piaggio at the end of the war as head of its corporate newsletter, can be considered as the missing link between the Vespa and the pre-1946 scooters.
 The last section of the article focuses on the entrepreneurial properties of the sub-field constituted by the Piaggio corporation as early as the 1930s: the good technological level of its production plants, its international market, and its long-standing commitment to diversification in the transportation sector. These properties eased the shift from aeronautics to motor-scooters after 1945. However, a last building block in the genesis of the Vespa is the social trajectory of engineer Corradino D'Ascanio, who invented the Vespa. In conclusion, the article sums up the internal and external conditions that led to the birth of the most famous scooter in the world.


Value-added ability is the core competitiveness of enterprises on PV / energy storage / charging station value chain (PEVC), and a key to enhance competitive advantage. Based on in-depth analysis of factors affecting the value-added ability of PEVC, this paper builds a system dynamics model of the value-added ability of PEVC, simulates the value-added ability of PEVC, and a path to improve the value-added ability of PEVC through sensitivity analysis of influencing factors is found, which provides a reference for the development of the photovoltaic- energy storage-charging station.


Aeolian tone generation from a two dimensional circular cylinder is numerically investigated via
direct numerical simulation and hydrodynamic-acoustic splitting method. All governing equation are
spatially discretized with the sixth-order compact scheme and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to avoid
excessive numerical dissipations and dispersions of acoustic quantities. Comparisons of two results show
that the previous splitting method can not accurately predict the aeroacoustic noise of wall bounded
shear flow. In this study, a perturbation viscous term and a new energy equation have been developed.
This modified splitting method accurately predicts aeroacoustic noise from wall-bounded shear flow. The
present results agree very well with the direct numerical simulation solution.


The purpose of this paper is to outline the ISO 26000 and the development of stakeholder management as it has come to be applied in strategic management. Organizations around the world, and their stakeholders, are becoming increasingly aware of the need for and benefits of socially responsible behaviour. ISO standards regulate many international norms. ISO 26000 exposes seven core subjects in which an honest behaviour supports success; all of them are linked by two crucial concepts: (1) interdependence and (2) holistic approach. Stakeholder engagement can be defined as interactive activities initiated by an organization with its stakeholders. The organization typically has many stakeholders, and is itself "a stakeholder within the community". Managers should recognize all stakeholders, including those that are frequently forgotten but can have a major impact on an organization's activities and reputation. A responsible organization identifies and interacts proactively with the stakeholders impacted by its activities. Stakeholder identification and engagement are central to addressing an organization's social responsibility. One of the general CSR principles within ISO 26000 concerns respecting stakeholder interests. Brief discussion of managing for stakeholders and the role this plays in achieving value creation and competitive advantage. Stakeholder theory is about value creation and trade – it is a managerial theory about how business works. It asks both business and ethics questions about stakeholder relationship. Finally, ISO 26000 adds that the active engagement of stakeholders is based on trust and goes beyond public relations. Moreover, it is also important to realise that stakeholder engagement is not a one-off event but a continuous process. Research Question(s): Submission goal is to research how Slovenian Pharmaceutical industry creates stakeholder engagement according ISO 26000 and how it is implemented into corporate strategy. Has Slovenian Pharmaceutical Industry implemented stakeholder theory and ISO 26000 into corporate strategy (seven core subjects and two crucial concepts interdependence and holistic approach) and how do they report about their CSR activities? Theoretical Framework: Stakeholder theory has helped to shape and define: business ethics, corporate social responsibility and value creation for stakeholders with the aim to ensure a firm's survival, reputation and success (Freeman, 1984; Freeman et al., 2007). ISO 26000 (2010) provides a framework for the view of strategic positioning as well as operations in organisations. It is suggested that organisation use ISO 26000 as a key guidance and decision making tool to: review strategic positioning of their organisations and review quality (business) management systems in their organisations. Furthermore, by using ISO 26000 companies can demonstrate their leadership in terms of CSR Excellence (Castka and Balzarova, 2007) and stage in terms of CSR implementation (Brandsma et al., 2009). ISO 26000 finds it important in these stakeholder relationships that an organisation uses its influence to encourage stakeholders to address SR (Moratis and Cochius, 2011). Methods: The annual reports of Slovenian Pharmaceutical industry, CSR reports will be analysed. With the aim to highlight their CSR strategy in-depth interview (top/CSR management) will be used. Findings: Outcomes and results show the level of CSR development as well as holistic and systemic approach by ISO 26000 implementation into corporate strategy. Furthermore the results show how management recognize the interdependence, stakeholder engagement and how managers evaluate business opportunities (value creation for all of their stakeholders). The research in Slovenian pharmaceutical industry shows that an interest in ISO 26000 is indicated and is implemented into corporate strategy but CSR reporting is still at an early stage. Finally, we outline the area for future research.


"Eyes are the windows of brain'' through which one recognizes the
world.
Ÿ Throughout the medical history afictions of eye have been noted
for more than any other tissue space appendage or organ of
comparable size.
Ÿ Diagnosis of orbital disease is often not clear even after a thorough
clinical examination. In earlier era this dilemma would necessitate
on exploratory orbitotomy in order to determine diagnosis. With
advent of CT & MRI, they have become the procedure of choice in
arriving at a diagnosis for orbital lesions.
Ÿ The clarity of orbital structures on MRI & CT has prompted
investigations into detailed multiplanar anatomy of orbit. Tumor
margins and inammatory processes are so clearly dened that
one can place the lesion in specic compartments and accurately
determine the extent of disease processes3


Despite enormous progress and development of high‐throughput methods in genome‐wide mRNA analyses, data on the erythroid transcriptome are still limited, even though they could be useful in medical diagnostics and personalized therapy as well as in research on normal and pathological erythroid maturation. Although obtaining normal and pathological reticulocyte transcriptome profiles should contribute greatly to our understanding of the molecular bases of terminal erythroid differentiation as well as the mechanisms of the hematological diseases, a basic limitation of these studies is the difficulty of efficient reticulocyte RNA isolation from human peripheral blood. The restricted number of possible parallel experiments primarily concern healthy individuals with the lowest number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood and a low RNA content. In the present study, an efficient method for reticulocyte RNA isolation from healthy individuals and hemolytic anaemia patients is presented. The procedure includes leukofiltration, Ficoll‐Paque gradient centrifugation, Percoll gradient centrifugation, and negative (CD45 and CD61) immunomagnetic separation. This relatively fast and simple four‐stage method was successfully applied to obtain a reticulocyte‐rich population from healthy subjects, which was used to efficiently isolate the high‐quality RNA essential for successful NGS‐based transcriptome analysis.


In this paper we argue for the need to apply a cognitive approach to understand deep dynamics and determinants of technological evolutions. After examining main contributions from innovation studies to the conceptualization of innovation and change in complex socio-technical environments, we highlight the contribution coming from the application of the cognitive approach to evolutionary studies on technologies and we introduce the concept of technological memory as an interpretative tool to understand those changes. We discuss our hypothesis with reference to several observations carried out in different local contexts – Mexico, India and Italy – in relation to technological change in the water sector. In those cases deliberate attempts to substitute traditional technologies with modern ones led to interesting trajectories of change ranging from the collapse of old technologies to the development of multifaceted hybridization patterns.


The method of applying a corrosion layer for reinforced concrete on the basis of zinc is that a layer of at least two layers, the first of which, directly sprayed on the concrete layer of pure zinc and subsequently sprayed thereon second layer of a zinc / aluminum alloy is.


The cover image, by Tamar Green et al., is based on the Research Article Surface-based morphometry reveals distinct cortical thickness and surface area profiles in Williams syndrome, DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32422.


The electrical transport properties viz. the electrical resistivity (ρ ), the thermoelectric power (TEP) and thermal conductivity (σ ) of several polyvalent alloys viz. Cd1-XSnX, Cd1-XPbX and Cd1-XBiX were calculated from the pseudopotential form factors and PercusYevic (PY) hard sphere structure factors of Ashcroft and Langreth. The well recognized empty core model (EMC) potential of Ashcroft is used for the first time with seven local field correction functions due to Hartree (H), Hubbard-Sham (HS), Vashishta-Singwi (VS), Taylor (T), Ichimaru-Utsumi (IU), Farid et al. (F) and Sarkar et al. (S) in the present computation and found suitable for such study. It is conclude that, the comparison of present and experimental findings is highly encouraging. (Received June 4, 2007; accepted June 29, 2007)


Density measurements of gaseous medium based on time of flight of particle traversing medium - collision processes of ions with molecules


The utility model relates to an evacuation system for steam condensers. The evacuation system comprises a high back-pressure steam condenser, a low back-pressure steam condenser, a high back-pressure vacuum pump, a low back-pressure vacuum pump, control valves and a throttling device, wherein the control valves and the throttling device are arranged between the high back-pressure vacuum pump and the low back-pressure vacuum pump, the control valves include a first control valve and a second control valve, and the throttling device is arranged between the first control valve and the second control valve. According to the utility model, in the vacuum pump configuration system of the original high/low-pressure steam condenser, the evacuation pipe of the high back-pressure steam condenser is connected in series with the evacuation pipe of the low back-pressure steam condenser through the multiple valves and the throttling device, so that the negative pressure of the high back-pressure steam condenser is maintained through the suction negative pressure of the vacuum pump of the low back-pressure steam condenser, as a result one vacuum pump is shut down, and the service power consumption in plant is reduced.


In Italy, the Labor Force Survey (LFS) is conducted quarterly by the National Statistical Institute (ISTAT) to produce estimates of the labor force status of the population at different geographical levels. In particular, ISTAT provides LFS estimates of employed and unemployed counts for local Labor Market Areas (LMAs). LMAs are 611 sub-regional clusters of municipalities and are unplanned domains for which direct estimates have overly large sampling errors. This implies the need of Small Area Estimation (SAE) methods. In this paper we develop a new area level SAE method that uses a Latent Markov Model (LMM) as linking model. In LMMs, the characteristic of interest, and its evolution in time, is represented by a latent process that follows a Markov chain, usually of first order. Therefore, areas are allowed to change their latent state across time. The proposed model is applied to quarterly data from the LFS for the period 2004 to 2014 and fitted within a hierarchical Bayesian framework using a data augmentation Gibbs sampler. Estimates are compared with those obtained by the classical Fay-Herriot model, by a time-series area level SAE model, and on the basis of data coming from the 2011 Population Census.


Stress generally refers to two things: the psychological perception of pressure, on the one hand, and the body's response to it, on the other, which involves multiple systems, from metabolism to muscles to memory. The stress that grandparents experience as repeat parents is quite different from the routine kinds of stress usually associated with raising children. Many of the grandchildren have substantial unmet physical, developmental, and emotional needs, and share an orientation toward and a history of family crisis that is different than the world of grandparents. So to minimize the stress of grandparents stress management booklet is provided. "A descriptive study to assess the level of stress among grandparents regarding rearing of their grandchildren who have employed parents at selected areas of district Mohali, Punjab." Total 100 grandparents of age group of 50–65 years were taken by using convenient sampling technique. The stress was assessed by self-structured rating scale consists of 22 items. Collected data was analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The 82% had moderate level of stress and 18% had mild level of stress. The analysis revealed that the mean value of stress was 29 and the standard deviation was 7.1. After that i have provided the booklet on stress management. That might be helpful for reducing the stress level of the grandparents.


Algorithm for Generating Quantifier Scopings Hobbs, Jerry R. and Shieber, Stuart M. Analyzing the Structure of Argumentative Discourse Cohen, Robin Applied Computational Linguistics in Perspective: Proceedings of the Workshop Johnson, Carroll and Bachenko, Joan Associative Model of Morphological Analysis: An Empirical Inquiry J~ppinen, Harri and Ylilammi, Matti Attention, Intentions, and the Structure of Discourse Grosz, Barbara J. and Sidner, Candace I. Automated Translation at Grenoble University Vauquois, Bernard and Boitet, Christian Cascaded ATN Grammars Woods, William A. Chacterizing Indirect Speech Acts Brown, Gretchen P. Comments on Pullum's Criticisms Langendoen, D. Terence and Postal, Paul M. Commonsense Metaphysics and Lexical Semantics Hobbs, Jerry R.; Croft, William; Davies, Todd; Edwards, Douglas; and Laws, Kenneth Computational Complexity and Lexical-Functional Grammar Berwick, Robert C. Computer Generation of Multiparagraph English Text Mann, William C. and Moore, James A. Computing Story Trees Correira, Alfred Concept Extraction, from Proceedings of the Workshop on Applied Computational Linguistics in Perspective Montgomery, Christine (Chair) Coping with Syntactic Ambiguity or How to Put the Block in the Box on the Table Church, Kenneth and Patil, Ramesh Correction of Ill-Formed Input Using History-Basec Expectation with Applications to Speech Understanding, The Fink, Pamela E. and Biermann, Alan W. Denotational Semantics for "Natural" Language Question-Answering Programs Main, Michael G. and Benson, David B. Determining Verb Phrase Referents in Dialogs Robinson, Ann E. Disambiguating Prepositional Phrase by Using On-Line Dictionary Definitions Jensen, Karen and Binot, Jean-Louis Discourse-Oriented Anaphora Resolution: A Review Hirst, Graeme Discourse Procedures for Sublanguage Selectional Patterns: Initial Experiments Grishman, Ralph; Hirschman, Lynette; and Nhan, Ngo Thanh Efficient Augmented-Context-Free Parsing Algorithm Tomita, Masaru Efficient Easily Adaptable System for Interpreting Natural Language Queries, An Warren, David H.D. and Pereira, Fernando C.N. English and the Class of Context-Free Languages Postal, Paul M. and Langendoen, D. Terence Extraposition Grammars Pereira, Fernando 13(1-2): 47-63