The experimental production of disease often permits close controlled observation denied the student of naturally occurring clinical states. In the past, we have successfully employed this experimental approach to the problems of miliaria, tinea capitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and contact dermatitis.1-4The present report outlines our gross and microscopic observations on acne induced by the repeated topical application of an acneigenic naphthalene. The following section presents the salient findings of the natural history of this experimental acne in Man. Method Thirty-one normal healthy white and Negro male adults from 25 to 35 years of age served as subjects. These men presented no evidence of acne at the beginning of the test. The study was divided into three parts. 1.Acneigenic Properties of Various Chloronaphthalenes.—The following chloronaphthalenes were applied daily to the pinna of the ear for 30 days. Each compound was tested on three men in a


A divisibility relation on ultrafilters is defined as follows: ${\cal F}\hspace{1mm}\widetilde{\mid}\hspace{1mm}{\cal G}$ if and only if every set in $\cal F$ upward closed for divisibility also belongs to $\cal G$. After describing the first $\omega$ levels of this quasiorder, in this paper we generalize the process of determining the basic divisors of an ultrafilter. First we describe these basic divisors, obtained as (equivalence classes of) powers of prime ultrafilters. Using methods of nonstandard analysis we determine the pattern of an ultrafilter: the collection of its basic divisors as well as the multiplicity of each of them. All such patterns have a certain closure property in an appropriate topology. We isolate the family of sets belonging to every ultrafilter with a given pattern. Finally, we show that every pattern with the closure property is realized by an ultrafilter.


This paper investigates the impact of changes in the banking sector on firms' timely recognition of economic losses. In particular, we focus on the entry of foreign banks into India during the 1990s, which likely causes an exogenous increase in lender demand for timely loss recognition. Analyzing variation in both the timing and the location of the new foreign banks' entries, we find that foreign bank entry is associated with more timely loss recognition and this increase is positively related to a firm's subsequent debt levels. The change appears driven by a shift in firms' incentives to supply additional information to lenders and lenders seem to value this information. The increase in


The Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations Project has conducted experiments to study the hydrothermal interaction of rock and water representative of a potential high-level waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The results of these experiments help define the near-field repository environment during and shortly after the thermal period that results from the emplacement of nuclear waste. When considered in conjunction with results contained in companion reports, these results can be used to assess our ability to accelerate tests using the surface area/volume parameter and/or temperature. These rock-water interaction experiments were conducted with solid polished wafers cut from both drillcore and outcrop samples of Topopah tuff, using both a natural ground water and distilled water as the reacting fluid. Pre- and post-test characterization of the reacting materials was extensive. Post-test identification and chemical analysis of secondary phases resulting from the hydrothermal interactions were aided by using monoliths of tuff rather than crushed material. All experiments were run in Dickson-type, gold-bag rocking autoclaves that were periodically sampled at in situ conditions. A total of nine short-term (up to 66-day) experiments were run in this series; these experiments covered the range from 90 to 250{sup 0}C and from 50 to 100 bar. The results obtained from the experiments have been used to evaluate the modeled results produced by calculations using the geochemical reaction process code EQ3/6. 31 refs., 37 figs., 7 tabs.


Assam, Northeastern Indian State has been well known for its innumerable multi use common water bodies, i.e. Rivers, floodplain wetlands (locally called as beel), Reservoirs, tanks etc. The floodplain wetlands constitute the most important fishery resource covering an area of more than 100,875 hectares in Brahmaputra basin. These wetlands support rich capture fisheries that sustain the livelihood of a large number of fisher families. These wetlands are being administered and controlled under different property right regimes by different state departments. Fisheries in these multiple use water resources dates back to time immemorial in Assam and have been traditionally managed under common property resource regime. The most prominent system of fisheries management in these wetlands has been traditionally under the cooperative governance system, an internal institutional structure model of distributed governance. An attempt has been made based on the experience and understanding developed in floodplain wetlands of Brahmaputra basin to examine the fishermen cooperative management system. Primary fisheries cooperative societies (PFCS or FCS) have been set up to look after different water bodies by fishermen under the Assam cooperative society's act 1949. These FCS have been assigned usufruct rights to use river stretches and wetlands for fisheries subject to certain socio-economic and administrative condition under the Assam Fisheries Act 1953. These cooperative societies shall be formed with 100 percent membership of fishers as defined under the rules. FCS has been given priorities in the allocation of wetland resources since only fishers as individual or as cooperative society been allowed to bid for fisheries in the wetlands under the open bidding system, and Cooperative societies if bid 92.5% and above of an individual bidder, they will automatically selected as successful bidder and get the lease of fishing for seven years. This article describes governance and institutional arrangement in the framework of fisheries cooperative society mechanism of access to utilize the floodplain wetland of Brahmaputra basin for outcome. This article provides details of governance structure of cooperative fisheries management system in Assam. This article also looks at the community level participation and relates it to wider governance issues that take into account the sharing arrangement of income and trust and commitments in a fishermen cooperative.


This paper examines the figure of the egg collector as an arch-villain in two novels about rare birds that were published in the 1940s: Adventure Lit Their Star by Kenneth Allsop, and The Awl Birds by J.K. Stanford. Drawing on insights from birdwatching literature published in the same period, I demonstrate that the extreme vilification of the egg collector in both texts represents a dramatic change in attitude towards a pastime that was previously considered beneficial for both adults and children. This about-face, I suggest, can be explained by reading the desperate rush to protect the birds' eggs as an expression of deep contemporary anxieties over the future of Britain after the Second World War, and in particular a concern that the failures of the period after the First World War should not be repeated.


Introduction: Pocket management after device removal is unclear in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) infection. Capsulectomy has been proposed to reduce the risk of reinf...


Abstract In small-cell network where a number of distributed antennas are deployed within each macro-cell, multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) transmission using multiple distributed antennas close to user equipments (UEs) achieves a high sum throughput. The minimum mean square error based joint transmit and receive linear filtering (joint Tx/Rx filtering) which we proposed recently requires the channel state information (CSI) at both sides of baseband unit (BBU) and UE. Our previous study assumed the ideal CSI estimation. In this paper, we model the CSI error as a sum of estimation errors due to the thermal noise and due to the time-varying fading channel. We discuss about the impact of CSI error on small-cell network downlink using distributed antenna orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-MU-MIMO. Keyword Downlink, OFDM, MU-MIMO, distributed antenna, joint Tx/Rx cooperative signal processing


ZrB_2-SiC-xwt% carbon nanotubes(x=0,1.0,2.5,4.0)ceramic composites were fabricated by the hot-pressing sintering.The prepared conditions,mechanical properties and microstructure were also investigated.TEM was used to observe the microstructure and SEM was used to analyze the fracture surface and crack propagation.Then,the strengthening and toughening mechanism of carbon nanotubes were discussed.Results show that carbon nanotubes can deposit in the ZrB_2 crystal grain and form intragranular structure.When the carbon nanotubes content is 2.5wt%,the flexural strength and toughness reach 542MPa and 6.10MPa.m~(1/2)respectively,with the relative density of 99.6% and Vickers hardness value of 21.7GPa.The reasons of the mechanical properties improvement are the increased compactness,grain refining and the intragranular structure caused by the introduction of carbon nanotubes.


Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSN) consists of nodes that are small sized and of mobile nature. Since nodes are mobile the energy drains out is continuous offering short duration networks and hence energy efficiency and network life time are still the major hurdles for efficient communication network. Literature indicates that Clustering is the most popular solution for energy efficient routing in MWSN. In this paper a cluster head selection algorithm is proposed. The cluster head is primarily selected on basis of the residual energy of the node during the communication. Node with highest remaining energy will be elected as new cluster head. The unique contribution of this research work is a process when the existing cluster head moves out of the cluster range and cluster remains unattended. The results obtained are reflecting a significant improvement in the life time of the network and it was further discovered that the ratio of unattended clusters has reduced potentially. Index Terms – Mobile Wireless Sensor Network (MWSN), Cluster Head (CH), Cluster Range (CR), Network Lifetime This paper is presented at International Conference on Recent Trends in Computer and information Technology Research on 25& 26 September (2015) conducted by B. S. Anangpuria Instituteof Technology & Management, Village-Alampur, Ballabgarh-Sohna Road,Faridabad.


The tie-down with a heli-deck is disclosed. Heli deck having a tie-down according to one embodiment of the present invention, pancakes made to the structural unit of the flank constituting the helicase deck connected to each other; Pancakes lower structure coupled between the flanks and the hull; The body provided in the mounting groove of the upper plate of the flanks; Hinge-coupled to the hinge hole of the seating groove of the main body latch; Relative to the first fastening holes of the main body of the support is interposed between the bottom surface of the main body and the bottom plate of said flanks; And it may include a main fastener coupled to the connection hole of the through hole, the flange of the pancake lower structure of the lower plate of the first fastener hole of the axial center hole, the support and the flanks.


This study investigated psychiatric nursing staff's attitudes toward in-service education; how these attitudes may change; and the factors promoting such changes. A sample of 55 psychiatric nursing staff at a major midwestern academic hospital were administered the Staff Development Evaluation Survey (DES) (Hagerty and Abraham, 1982-reliability: Cronbach's alpha = .83, test-retest coefficient = .81) before and after their participation in a comprehensive in-service educational program. Although attitudes were consistently favorable, this quasi-experimental, one-group, pretest-posttest study revealed a general trend of decreasing attitudes after program implementation. Yet this trend was found to be a function of the professional responsibilities, educational backgrounds, and work settings. Moreover, this trend could be explained as the result of a significant decrease on one dimension of the SDES: the administrative issues related to staff development. The implications for nursing administrators and educa...


Environmental, Social and Governance reports have to be periodically released by financial companies, as they represent an essential guide for the potential, socially-responsible new in-vestors. Therefore, automatizing the analysis of reports and extracting the main ESG issues mentioned in the text is a goal of primary importance for financial Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems. In this paper, we report our experiments for the FinSim4-ESG Shared Task, dedicated to the problem of multilingual ESG issue identification in English and French. Our results show that even simple classifiers trained on multilingual data and using crosslingual Trans-former representations can achieve a strong performance in the task.


Vigorously developing higher vocational education in China is an important part of the reform of higher education.From the current international context,Germany's vocational education goes far in the forefront of the countries around the world.With no doubt,advanced vocational education is one important reason of the rapid economic growth of Germany.The experience of Germany's development of higher vocational and technical education is worth us using for reference.


ABSTRACT This article outlines the method used in designing a thematic map of land-use. The aim is to depict the main land-use categories and changes, across the Macaronesian islands of Portugal and Spain, between 1990 and 2006. The map presents a novel technique of summarizing land-use/land-cover (LULC) data into a custom-made 2D static graph-based display. The method proposes depicting the region of interest inside a hollow circle chart, commonly known as 'doughnut chart'. The void inside the chart allows placing a complete cartographic representation, whereas the circle chart itself allows displaying statistical data of the encircled cartographic representation. To convey the temporal dimension, the method positions the graphics following a timeline. This custom display provides a framework to study and represent LULC data, overcoming common visual effectiveness issues. The proposed approach is flexible and suitable for application elsewhere, making it possible to draw visual impressions and comparisons in a straightforward manner.


Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor that inhibits the initial reactions of blood coagulation. A major pool of TFPI is the form associated with the surface of endothelial cells, which is speculated to play an important role in regulating the functions of vascular wall cells. TFPI consists of 3 tandem Kunitz inhibitor domains, the first and second of which inhibit the tissue factor–factor VIIa complex and factor Xa, respectively. Recent findings indicate that TFPI has another function, ie, the modulation of cell proliferation. This function is based on the interaction of the C-terminal region of TFPI with these cells. In addition to endothelial cells, it has been shown that many other vascular wall cells can synthesize TFPI, eg, mesangial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes. TFPI is associated with these cells mainly through heparan sulfate proteoglycans on their surface. However, recent findings suggest that there are several other c...


Over the last several decades, reconstruction of the head and neck oncologic defect has been revolutionized by the use of microvascular free tissue transfer. The majority of these defects can be reconstructed with the ability to visually monitor the flap, to intervene as soon as vascular compromise becomes evident. Occasionally, it is necessary to use a flap that has no visual external monitor: a buried free flap. A belief has circulated within the microvascular community that buried free flaps do not do as well as visible flaps. By our review, there are no recent data in the literature to support this position. We present our data on the outcomes of buried free flaps in microvascular reconstruction.


This work was done in the laboratory of the department of Experimental Surgery of Northwestern University Medical School, with the cooperation and assistance of Prof. Robert Zeit and Drs. Wolfer, Violet Deason and Solmon. It is accomplished by the use of rings of metallic magnesium. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND METALLURGY OF MAGNESIUM Magnesium is a hard, silver-white metal, having a specific gravity of 1.75 and possessing a melting point of 800 degrees. As it tarnishes in the air the bright luster is soon lost, but the change is unimportant at the ordinary temperature. At a high temperature combustion follows, with production of the well-known brilliant white light. At ordinary room temperature the action increases and hydrogen gas is slowly liberated, the hydroxid of magnesium being formed at the same time. The action of water on magnesium is hastened by the presence of salts, such as sodium chlorid, from which it follows


Background: In 2007, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) proposed the term "Locomotive syndrome" (LS) to describe a condition in high-risk patients with musculoskeletal disease. So far, there are many studies that are designed for non-handicapped people. However, the study using a cohort of handicapped people are limited. In this study, we therefore conducted a study on LS in lower amputees. Methods and Participants: We surveyed 47 lower amputees. A questionnaire that included the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25) and the Loco-check was distributed to the participants. Results: According to GLFS-25, the classifications of the amputee patients were as follows: no locomotive dysfunction, n=21 (44.7%); grade I locomotive syndrome, n=17 (36.2%); and grade II locomotive syndrome, n=9 (19.1%). The mean GLFS-25 was 10.4. According to the Loco-check, 43 (91.5%) patients were at risk of LS. Conclusion: We have surveyed the GLFS-25 and Loco-check to investigate the risk of LS in lower limb amputees. We found that lower limb amputees had unique risk factors for LS, including amputation level, phantom pain, stump wound and frequency of wheelchair use. Both non-handicapped people and lower limb amputees need to be considered in studies on LS and more specific countermeasures are required for LS in lower limb amputees.


Figure. Telescopic views (4 mm, O°). A: A single polyp arises from the posterior midportion ofthe nasal septum (NS)in the right nasal cavity of patient l.lt isfreelymobile with a suction tip. B: In patient 2, multip le po lyps arisef rom the lateral nasal wall, and another polyp arises from the midportion ofthe nasal septliin (arrow). C: Examination ofpat ient 2 after excis ion of the lateral polyps and thefi rst septal polyp reveals another polyp (arrow) arisingfrom the posterosuperior portion of the nasal septum on the right side. D: In patient 3, the right nasal cavity f eatures a diffuse edematous polyp arising from the posterosuperior portion of the nasal septum (arrow). Note its proximity to the natural ostium (so) of the sphenoid sinus. Nasal polyps most often originate in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, specifically, in the anterior ethmoid region . In a study of 200 patients, Stammberger found that the most common sites of polyp origin were the contact areas of the uncinate process, the middle turbinate, and the ethmoid infundibulum."Almost twothirds of those patients had polyps originating in the anterior aspect of the ethmoid bulla . Medially based nasal polyps are rare . Stammberger mentioned that only three patients had polyps originating in the posterior nasal septum .' Likewi se, the senior author (E.Y.) found only three cases of septal polyp s in 200 consecutive sinonasal surgical cases. Patient 1. The first patient, whose chief complaint was nasal obstruction, underwent a septoplasty and partial turbinectomy. The patient was found to have a single polyp arising from the posterior midportion of the nasal septum on the right side (figure, A), which was removed with a microdebrider. There were no other polyps. Patient 2. The second patient was a40-year-old woman who had undergone sinonasal surgery (polypectomy) for nasal polyposis approximately 10 years earlier. She developed recurrent nasal polyps bilaterall y and underwent a powered endo scopic polypectom y and ethmoidectomy. Nasal endoscopy at surgery revealed multiple polyps arising from the lateral nasal wall bilaterally (figure, B). Another polyp was found arising from the midport ion of the nasal septum on the right. After removal of these polyps, yet another polyp was found arising from the posterosuperior portion of the nasal septum on the same side (figure, C). Patient 3. The third patient , who had a history of recurrent sinusitis, had extensive bilateral nasal polyposis. Preoperative sinus computed tomography showed pansinusitis, with cloudiness of the right sphenoid sinus. After the excision of numerous polyps that had originated in the lateral nasal wall, patient 3 was found to have a polypoid lesion with a wide base arising from the posterosuperior portion of the nasal septum on the right side


The article tries to analysie the relatives between judicial independence and judicial justice from the qualitative ways.The text thinks that judicial independence is the basis and essential prerequisite of the judicial justice,and that the relative of judicial independence and judicial justice is a relative of means and aims.The judicial independence conceals the aims of judicial justice,and that judicial independence is its essential prerequisite,but is not enough conditions of judicial justice.


GIRL consists of a liquid helium cooled 50 cm telescope and four focal plane instruments dedicated to astronomical and aeronomical observations. These instruments, a detector array, a photometer/polarimeter, an Ebert-Fastie-spectrometer and a Michelson-Interferometer are under development. They make up an "infrared observatory" having high sensitivity and high spectral and spatial resolution. The full-size "thermal-model" of the GIRL cryostat has now been completed and is undergoing extensive tests. GIRL will be pointed by IPS. It is scheduled to fly on a Spacelab mission in 1986.


A compact wideband monopole antenna for mobile and wireless monitoring applications is presented. The proposed antenna will be implemented in a wireless system devoted to remote monitoring water and wastewater applications. The antenna is mainly designed to operate within the frequency range of 700-2700 MHz covering different mobile and wireless frequency bands with a return loss less than -6dB. Omnidirectional radiation pattern and improved radiation performances are very suitable. An optimization process based on global algorithm has been used to achieve the design goals. The design of the proposed antenna is carried out using optimization and simulation tools of full-wave electromagnetic simulation software. A prototype of the proposed antenna was manufactured and tested in order to verify the performances of the antenna including in the real environment conditions.


To investigate the influence of the structural deformation of the wheelset and track on rail wear in the longitudinal and lateral directions, a rail wear prediction model is established that can calculate the three-dimensional distribution of rail wear. The difference between the multi-rigid-body dynamic model and the rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model, which considers the structural flexibility of the wheelset and track, is compared in terms of the three-dimensional distribution of rail wear. The results show that the three-dimensional distributions of rail wear predicted by the two models are relatively similar. There is no obvious difference in the wear band, and the rail wear in the longitudinal direction is almost identical. The cross sections of the worn rail shapes determined by the two models are essentially the same, with a maximum difference of 3.6% in the average value of the wear areas of all cross sections. The track irregularity is the main reason for the uneven distribution of rail wear in the longitudinal direction. The position where the rail wear is more pronounced hardly varies with the evolution of the rail wear. It is recommended to use a multi-rigid-body dynamic model for the prediction of rail wear, which allows both calculation accuracy and efficiency.


The article presents the theoretical and applied aspects of the analysis of possibilities and conditions for the implementation of the project of social entrepreneurship in the territory of a separate region of the Russian Federation. In the theoretical aspect, the essence of the term "social entrepreneurship" is revealed, based on the idea that the implementation of projects on social entrepreneurship, an increase in their number as a whole, is a business solution to the social problems of society. The paper reviews the works that reveal the meaning of the term "social entrepreneurship", explores the types of government measures in this direction, and considers various implemented projects that are similar in terms of a set of tasks or activities. In the applied aspect, the results of the expert survey conducted in 2019 on the topic "Social Entrepreneurship in the Republic of Tatarstan" are presented. The representatives of small and medium-sized businesses (8 respondents) and organizers of the volunteer movement (6 respondents) and directors of charitable organizations (2 respondents) acted as the experts. Based on the results of the study, we assessed the conditions for the development of social entrepreneurship in the Republic, and the most burning issues at present. We also reviewed the difficulties that impede the development of social entrepreneurship in the Republic. The areas that can and should be developed on the territory of the Republic were identified: the organization of social fitness centers, visits to which will be available for low-income and socially unprotected citizens, the organization of instruction and training in courtyards, the manufacture of sports grounds; the creation of a farm on the basis of a family orphanage or boarding house; organization of classes for clubs, societies, cultural and creative development studios for youth, parents with disabled children, the poor, etc


According to the results of the deep hole basic point movement and observation in sitll, the top coal caving effects and the caving characteristics of immediate roof in mechanized sublevel caving under the little extraction caving ratio are analysed by the paper. The relations of the recovery rate and roof caving characteristics and fragment degree of caving coal and rock are recognized.


Summary A method for predicting comparative values of nitrogen sources and anabolic protein stimulation by drugs in ruminants has been proposed. The method requires determination of urinary creatinine N% divided by the apparent N digested (expressed as a decimal) in animals with similar N intake per unit body weight.


Seeking and developing a new approach to energy conversion is of significance to the development of future society. Hydrogen energy is expected to become an ideal green energy. In this work, g-C3N4 nanocomposites were modified with non-noble metal-sulfide CoS2 as a co-catalyst for hydrogen evolution, and the charge behavior in a photocatalytic process was studied by optical characterization and photo electrochemical test technology. The experiments proved that the composite material showed a superior hydrogen production performance when the CoS2 load was 5[Formula: see text]wt.% and the optimal hydrogen production activity was 119.7[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]. CoS2 as the reactivity site improved the migration and separation of the photo-generated charge significantly, the transfer resistance of the photogenerated charge decreased visibly after the CoS2 loading, the photocurrent increased three times and the effective carrier lifetime on the catalyst conduction band increased ten times. The photocatalysts maintained a good stability in a 12[Formula: see text]h hydrogen production activity test and a one hour photocurrent test. This work provides guidance for the design of an efficient catalyst and the study of effective charge.


Empirical evidence shows that an increase in trade liberalisation causes an increase in foreign direct investments (FDIs). Here we propose an explanation to this apparent puzzle by exploiting the intensity of competition in a Bertrand duopoly with convex costs where the two firms enter in a new market. We adopt Dastidar's (1995) approach, delivering a continuum of Bertrand-Nash equilibria ranging above marginal cost pricing, to show that softening competition may indeed more than offset the standard effect generated by trade costs, thereby leading to a positive relationship between trade liberalisation and FDIs.


COPYRIGHT © 2023 Askari, Mohebbi, Ning, Kurozumi and Wakimoto. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Editorial PUBLISHED 17 August 2023 DOI 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1271559


As the expression form of human aesthetic emotion and life feeling, literature plays a very important role in the perfection of human nature and the development of society. However, in vocational colleges, literature education is a phenomenon of instrumentalist, emphasis on skills and neglect of humanities, which seriously restricts the improvement of students' literary literacy and comprehensive quality. Students' life experience, literature experience, cultural experience and artistic experience can form four dimensions of literature education. It is an effective platform for literature education. Teachers should be full of enthusiasm for literary education, pay full attention to, promote students' four-fold experience, and innovate literature.


The virial coefficients of argon have been measured in the temperature and pressure range described. "Best" values of the virial coefficients have been computed from all measurements reported in the literature.


The article refers to methodology of students activity organization in museums. Recommendations are given in order to use materials of museum expositions in learning. Practical application of this methodology is presented on example of teaching the course «Ecology» for students of touristic specialties.


We examine the recently found equivalence for the response of a static scalar source interacting with a massless Klein-Gordon field when the source is ~i! static in Schwarzschild spacetime, in the Unruh vacuum associated with the Hawking radiation, and ~ii! uniformly accelerated in Minkowski spacetime, in the inertial vacuum, provided that the source's proper acceleration is the same in both cases. It is shown that this equivalence is broken when the massless Klein-Gordon field is replaced by amassive one. It was recently shown that the response R S (r 0 , M )o f a static scalar source with a radial coordinate r 0 outside a Schwarzschild black hole of mass M interacting with massless scalar particles of Hawking radiation ~associated with the Unruh vacuum! is exactly the same as the response R M (a0)[q 2 a0/4p 2 of such a source when it is uniformly accelerated in the inertial vacuum of Minkowski spacetime, provided that the source's proper acceleration a0 is the same in both cases @1#. ~Here, q is a coupling constant.! Now, according to the Fulling-Davies-Unruh ~FDU! effect @2,3#, the inertial vacuum in Minkowski spacetime corresponds to a thermal state as seen by uniformly accelerated observers confined to the Rindler wedge. Thus, the equivalence above can be rephrased by saying that the response of a static scalar source with some fixed proper acceleration coupled to a massless scalar field is the same when it interacts either (i) with the Hawking radiation associated with the Unruh vacuum in Schwarzschild spacetime or (ii) with the FDU thermal bath in Rindler spacetime . This came as a surprise because structureless static scalar sources can only interact with zero-frequency field modes. Such modes probe the global geometry of spacetime and are accordingly quite different in Schwarzschild and Rindler spacetimes. Moreover, since the response in Schwarzschild spacetime R S (r 0 , M) was expected to depend on r 0 and M separately, it is striking that these parameters should combine themselves precisely so that R S (r 0 , M)5q 2 a0(r 0 , M)/4p 2 , as found in Ref. @1#. The fact that such an equivalence is not trivial can be also seen by the fact that it is not verified when ~i! the Unruh vacuum is replaced by the Hartle-Hawking vacuum @1#, ~ii! the black hole is endowed with some electric charge @4# or even ~iii! when the massless Klein-Gordon field is replaced by the electromagnetic one @5#. A deeper understanding of why such an equivalence in the response is verified formassless Klein-Gordon fields is still lacking. While it may prove to be just a remarkable coincidence, we feel that the problem deserves further analysis. In this paper we show that providing some mass to the Klein-Gordon field is enough to break the equivalence. The main technical difficulty associated with the field quantization in Schwarzschild spacetime is related to the fact that the positive and negative frequency modes used to expand the quantum field cannot be expressed in terms of known special functions. Although for massless spin-0 and spin-1 fields out' (


Collected in this article are 180 non-standard characters in common use from the works on Fuzhou dialect by western missionaries in the 19 th Century.By referring to the pronunciation and meaning of the colloquial words for which these characters were written,the writer discusses the principles underlying their devisal and usage.


Concern has been raised over parallel increases in youth depression and online interactive media use over the past two decades. The aim of this study was to determine whether online interactions are associated with users' affective states. Using ecological momentary assessment, we measured depressed adolescents' momentary affect during and residual feelings following online interactions with offline friends and family, online friends, and acquaintances/strangers. We found that depressed adolescents use texting services and social networking sites to interact online, most frequently with offline friends and family, followed by online friends. Results of generalized estimating equations showed associations between negative affect and digital interactions with offline friends and family. Participants were less likely to report feeling better after interacting with online friends than after interacting with any other relationship type. Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of depressed adolescents' online interactions and suggest that their affective experience varies depending on the nature of the relationships they have with those with whom they interact.


The basic spatial modulation effects of induction machines caused by slotting and saturation, have been analyzed for exploitation in speed sensorless control. With increasing load level, additional spatial harmonics arise, acting as disturbance and deteriorating sensorless control performance. In view of the fact, that induction machines for application in traction systems (e.g. public or cargo transportation) are operated at a high level of excitation, higher harmonic numbers especially of the spatial saturation become dominant and need to be compensated in order to establish speed sensorless operation. It can be observed, that especially the first order harmonic of spatial saturation shows a significant rise in magnitude when load current is increased. The presented paper thus focus on the investigation of high order spatial modulations and their deterministic properties with the goal to establish an efficient compensation of their disturbing effects. Based on the identified deterministic properties a compensation method is proposed and tested through measurements on a 15kW induction machine.


A new concept, the weight difference of covert channel, was represented firstly, which means the security level span that sensitive information transmits via a certain covert channel. Based on it, the new criteria for covert channels auditing was given. Not as TCSEC only use the bandwidth to evaluate the threat of covert channels, this criteria integrated the weight difference, bandwidth, working hours and instantaneous time of covert channels, so it could given a comprehensive evaluation for the threat of covert channels in multilevel security system.


Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is introduced as a promising in situ technique to monitor atomic layer deposition cycle-per-cycle. It is shown that the technique is greatly suitable to study initial nucleation on planar substrates. The initial growth of TiO2 from tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium (TDMAT) and H2O is found to be linear on thermally grown SiO2, substrate-inhibited on H-terminated Si and substrateenhanced on atomic layer deposited Al2O3. Furthermore, in situ XRF is employed to monitor the Ti uptake during deposition of TiO2 in nanoporous silica films. In mesoporous films, the Ti content varied quadratically with the number of cycles, a behavior that is attributed to a decreasing surface area with progressing deposition. In microporous films, the XRF data suggest that 1−3 ALD cycles shrunk the pore diameters below the kinetic diameter of the TDMAT molecule.


Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) provides a way to evaluate the safety and durability of a structure during its service life, to ensure its serviceability and sustainability. Structural Health Monitoring systems are developed and installed in several long span bridges, to monitor the health condition of the bridges. In structural health monitoring of the cable supported bridges, estimation procedure for the cable tension influences the accuracy of monitoring system. As cables are crucial element for the overall structural safety of cable supported bridges the accurate estimation of tension force plays an important role in the construction and the maintenance stages of the bridges.Incorporating smart sensors with vibration-based tension force estimation methodologies, proves to be an efficient means of autonomous long-term monitoring of cable tensions.The accelerations from the cable vibrations have embedded frequencies which can be extracted using Fast Fourier Transform and processed using computer aided software. After the accelerations are processed and the frequencies are extracted and organized, the cable tension can be calculated using dynamic cable theory and cable properties. Numerical studies were carried out on a cable with known tensile force using ABAQUS, to determine the natural frequencies. A series of laboratory tests were conducted on a prestressed steel cable with initial cable sag and applied tension forces. The accelerometer and the strain gauges are bonded on the surface of the cable, to determine the acceleration and strain data. The frequency of the cable are extracted from the acceleration data using Fast Fourier Transforms. The various vibration based methods were used to assess the cable force from the extracted frequency. A MATLAB script was developed to automate the estimation of tension force.


The relationship between work stress, happiness and organizational climate with the performance of nurses in RSUD dr. Sayidiman Magetan was the focus of this research. The research subjects included 150 inpatient nurses. Sampling from the population using cluster random sampling technique. The data collection method used three scales, namely the scale of stress, happiness, and organizational climate, while for the performance of nurses using the value data Employee Performance Target in the form of interval data. Regression analysis was used to process and analyze data.
The results of this study indicated that there was a partially significant relationship between stress, happiness and organizational climate with nurse performance. The three variables together were also affected the performance of nurses in the RSUD dr. Sayidiman Magetan. Stress, happiness and organizational climate factors contribute 47.9% to nurses' performance. This means there were still 52.1% of other factors that can be predictors that affect nurse performance.


The aim of this paper is to develop a multi-objective distributional reinforcement learning framework for improving order dispatching on large-scale ride-hailing platforms. Compared with traditional RL-based approaches that focus on drivers' income, the proposed framework also accounts for the spatiotemporal difference between the supply and demand networks. Specifically, we model the dispatching problem as a two-objective Semi-Markov Decision Process (SMDP) and estimate the relative importance of the two objectives under some unknown existing policy via Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL). Then, we combine Implicit Quantile Networks (IQN) with the traditional Deep Q-Networks (DQN) to jointly learn the two return distributions and adjusting their weights to refine the old policy through on-line planning and achieve a higher supply-demand coherence of the platform. We conduct large-scale dispatching experiments to demonstrate the remarkable improvement of proposed approach on the platform's efficiency.


Almost all countries in the world experience a scarcity of health care resources and the need to ration health care services. Each medical system is faced with difficult decisions concerning treatment coverage and priorities. Current methods of allocation are based on (1) substantial principles of justice, (2) cost-effectiveness analysis, (3) cost-value analysis, and (4) market mechanisms. Given these methods of allocating health care services, the question of legitimacy is rightfully raised. The question of legitimacy needs to be approached in an orderly manner. In the first place, the concept of democratic legitimacy needs to be articulated. Secondly, current methods of allocation must be evaluated. Thirdly, a legitimate method of allocation is needed. This article concentrates on the first and the second step. I argue that current methods of allocation fail to satisfy a democratic conception of legitimacy. However, this conclusion does not mean that these methods of allocating should be totally rejected. Each of these methods has an important element that at least contributes to democratic legitimacy. Based upon the evaluation provided in this article, I introduce a very promising method of allocating health care services, one developed by N. Daniels and J. Sabin.


Abstract. Remnants of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau (C-LIP) are found as thicker
than normal oceanic crust in the Caribbean Sea that formed during rapid
pulses of magmatic activity at ∼91–88 and ∼76 Ma. Strong geochemical evidence supports the hypothesis that the C-LIP
formed due to melting of the plume head of the Galápagos hotspot, which
interacted with the Farallon (Proto-Caribbean) plate in the eastern
Pacific. Considering plate tectonics theory, it is expected that the
lithospheric portion of the plume-related material migrated within the
Proto-Caribbean plate in a north–north-eastward direction, developing the
present-day Caribbean plate. In this research, we used 3D lithospheric-scale,
data-integrative models of the current Caribbean plate setting to reveal, for
the first time, the presence of positive density anomalies in the uppermost
lithospheric mantle. These models are based on the integration of up-to-date
geophysical datasets from the Earth's surface down to 200 km depth,
which are validated using high-resolution free-air gravity measurements. Based
on the gravity residuals (modelled minus observed gravity), we derive density
heterogeneities both in the crystalline crust and the uppermost oceanic mantle
(<50 km). Our results reveal the presence of two positive mantle
density anomalies beneath the Colombian and the Venezuelan basins, interpreted
as the preserved fossil plume conduits associated with the C-LIP
formation. Such mantle bodies have never been identified before, but a
positive density trend is also indicated by S-wave tomography, at least down
to 75 km depth. The interpreted plume conduits spatially correlate
with the thinner crustal regions present in both basins; therefore, we
propose a modification to the commonly accepted tectonic model of the
Caribbean, suggesting that the thinner domains correspond to the centres of
uplift due to the inflow of the hot, buoyant plume head. Finally, using six
different kinematic models, we test the hypothesis that the C-LIP originated
above the Galápagos hotspot; however, misfits of up to ∼3000 km are found between the present-day hotspot location and the
mantle anomalies, reconstructed back to 90 Ma. Therefore, we shed
light on possible sources of error responsible for this offset and discuss two
possible interpretations: (1) the Galápagos hotspot migrated (∼1200–3000 km) westward while the Caribbean plate moved to the north,
or (2) the C-LIP was formed by a different plume, which – if considered fixed
– would be nowadays located below the South American continent.


ABSTRACT Building on a dynamic view of human capital for the entrepreneurship field, our article covers research performed in this field by examining: the effect of formal versus non-formal Entrepreneurial Education (EE) investments and the development of entrepreneurial human capital assets on the entrepreneurial intention; learning approaches (behavioral, cognitive, or constructive) that are prevalent in formal and non-formal education systems in terms of teaching methods and acquired competences and their effects on entrepreneurial intention, considering different settings at individual and country context level. More than 650 respondents from three countries (Macedonia, Slovenia, and Lithuania) are included in the sample. The research applies structural equation modeling, using two standardized and relevant measurement tools: Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) and Assessment Tools and Indicators for Entrepreneurship Education (ASTEE). Non-formal entrepreneurial education has proven to be a stronger effect on human capital assets. On the other hand, entrepreneurial mindset and constructive entrepreneurial skills have a greater impact on personal attitudes and perceived behavioral control. This could mean that decision-makers should complement formal with non-formal entrepreneurial education, that they should design the entrepreneurial study programs with non-cognitive (that is, constructive) teaching methods and learning outcomes.


The multivariable control law design method of eigenstructure assignment has been in existence for a number of years. The object of the paper is to give insight into the method without too much mathematics, rather concentrating on how the method is used, and showing a number of case studies illustrating what can be achieved. The case studies use non-linear models of Vertical and Short TakeOff and Landing (VSTOL) aircraft and helicopters as a basis for the design, and show advantages and disadvantages of the method.


Given a set V, a subset S, and a permutation {pi} of V, we say that {pi} permutes S if {pi}(S) {intersection} S = {theta}. Given a collection S = (V; S{sub 1}..., S{sub m}), where S{sub i} {improper_subset} V (i = 1,...,m), we say that S is invertible if there is a permutation {pi} of V such that {pi}(S{sub i}) {improper_subset} V -- S{sub i}. In this paper, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for the invertibility of a collection and construct a polynomial algorithm which determines whether a given collection is invertible. For an arbitrary collection, we give a lower bound for the maximum number of sets that can be inverted. Finally, we consider the problem of constructing a collection of sets such that no sub-collection of size three is invertible. Our constructions of such collections come from solutions to the packing problem with unbounded block sizes. We prove several new lower and upper bounds for the packing problem and present a new explicit construction of packing.


Resonance and non-resonance tunneling processes in tunneling injection quantum dot gain media were demonstrated, to occur simultaneously. Our finding sheds light on the basic tunneling injection schemes and their proper utilization in quantum dot lasers.


An addendum to FWS/OBS-78/81, Surface Mining and Fish/Wildlife Needs in the Eastern United States - Proceedings of a Symposium, this report includes some papers which were not ready for the publication deadline for the main volume. It continues to be a state-of-the-art overview on surface mining in the eastern United States and the fish/wildlife relationships; best methods for measuring mining impacts; the effects of mining on the biota; mined land reclamation techniques for fish/wildlife benefits; and opportunities for improving fish/wildlife habitat on mined lands.


Objective  To quantify the risk of placenta praevia and placental abruption in singleton, second pregnancies after a caesarean delivery of the first pregnancy.


Estimation of structural damage and quantification of structural integrity are critical for safe and reliable operation of human-engineered complex systems. Fatigue damage is one of the most commonly encountered sources of structural degradation in mechanical systems. Detection of incipient fatigue damage is essential for averting widespread crack growth that leads to catastrophic failures. This chapter presents online in situ monitoring of fatigue damage using the ultrasonic sensing technique that is sensitive to small microstructural changes, robust to measurement noise, and also suitable for real-time applications. A recently reported information-theoretic method of data-driven pattern recognition, called Symbolic Dynamic Filtering (SDF ), has been used for real-time analysis of ultrasonic data, where the time series data in the fast scale of process dynamics are analyzed at discrete epochs in the slow scale of fatigue damage evolution. SDF includes preprocessing of ultrasonic data using wavelet transform, which is well suited for timefrequency analysis of non-stationary signals and enables noise attenuation in raw data. The wavelet-transformed data is partitioned using the maximum entropy principle to generate symbol sequences, such that the regions of data space with more information are partitioned finer and those with sparse information are partitioned coarser. Subsequently, statistical patterns of evolving damage are identified from these sequences by construction of a (probabilistic) finite-state machine that captures the dynamical system behavior by information compression. A computer-controlled fatigue test apparatus, equipped with ultrasonic sensors and an optical microscope, has been used to experimentally validate the concept of ultrasonic based real-time monitoring of fatigue damage in polycrystalline alloys. The task ∗This work has been supported in part by the U.S. Army Research laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant No. DAAD19-01-1-0646. †E-mail address: email@example.com ‡E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com 4 Shalabh Gupta and Asok Ray of fatigue damage monitoring is formulated as: (i) forward problem of pattern recognition for (offline) characterization of the statistical behavior of fatigue damage evolution and (ii) inverse problem of pattern identification for (online) estimation of the remaining useful life based on the real time ultrasonic data and the statistical information generated offline.


The improvement of people's quality of life is currently considered as the main responsibility of every government. Due to the emergence of knowledge-based economy, it is commonly believed that investments in research and development (R&D) at a given level are a necessary condition for creating growth-based on innovations, thus supporting welfare in developed countries. In this context, the article is devoted to the analysis of influence of R&D expenditures on the quality of life in the European Union countries. As the main measure of the quality of life Human Development Index was utilized. Thus, the article can be considered as a contribution to the discussion on the potential of HDI index for measuring the quality of life in the case of narrow group of relatively developed countries. In the empirical part of the paper, panel data modeling fulfilling the postulates of dynamic estimation was used. The research was done for EU countries for the period 2004–2010. The empirical part takes into consideration the structural diversity between "old" and "new" members of the EU. First of all, the results can be treated as a voice confirming the usefulness of HDI as a measure of quality of life also from the perspective of narrow group of highly developed countries. Then, the research confirms the positive influence of R&D on European welfare only in the case of highly developed "old" member.


This article tries to approach with how one parents school, from a critical-participation points of view, can impel a process of in-service training of teachers and the organizative development and the cultural recostruction of the implicated centre its; from the conclusions that have been made from the years of experience and speech reflexion of the some parent's public school of "Miguel Hemandez" of Granada.


Dip coating flows of polymer solutions were experimentally studied. A plate was coated with a solution at several withdrawal velocities. The effects of both the withdrawal velocity and rheological properties of polymer solutions on the film thickness were investigated. The film thickness was measured with a CCD laser displacement sensor. In addition, shape of the film surface in a meniscus region was observed. Five fluids were used as test fluids : two Newtonian fluids having different viscosities and three polymeric liquids which have almost the same shear viscosity and are different in elasticity. For every test fluid, the film thickness increased with increasing the withdrawal velocity. The increasing rate of the film thickness was almost constant for Newtonian fluids, while it decreased with increasing the withdrawal velocity for polymer solutions with shear-thinning viscosity. Moreover, the comparison of the results for the three polymer solutions showed that the film became thin for a polymer solution with high elasticity.


James Joyce's Earwicker attempted to set forth the ultimate criterion for judging the greatness of an artistic work in his question, "Out of how deep a life does it spring?" Lindsay Anderson's film of a contemporary Everyman, O Lucky Man!, is a work of art that will admit Joyce's penetrating question: it is a major work of the imagination, visually compelling, thematically deep, and philosophically courageous. Anderson's film is a rich example of the tradition of literary and cinematic Romanticism, that mode of perceiving reality that celebrates man's unique significance in terms of his potential for enduring (and, when he is a lucky man, prevailing) in a cosmos that is seen as continually expanding, dynamic, and thus purposive.1 It is no mere coincidence that major Romantic works, such as Coleridge's "Rime of the Ancient Mariner," Melville's Moby-Dick, or Emerson's "Experience," are often marked by their apparent starkness of subject. The central figure in many Romantic works undergoes an often harrowing process of change from absorption in self or in self-defeating abstractions to the discovery of a universe far greater than his initial conceptions of it, a world alive and ever-changing. The Malcolm McDowell character in O Lucky Man! experiences such an Odyssey as Anderson exposes him (and the audience) to an unsparing barrage of indignities and horrors comparable to the Mariner and his bedeviling snakes. Nor is it coincidental that Romantic art, no matter how harsh the subject, so often is resolved in conclusions of heightened self-awareness on the part of the protagonist. (One thinks of the central characters of Wordsworth's Prelude, Teshegahara's Woman in the Dunes, Resnais' Hiroshima Mon Amour.) Afforded a final opportunity to engage the world and to escape the prison of self, the Romantic protagonist often attains a recognition that allows him to understand and affirm a world previously considered as merely a remorseless machine. Another major characteristic of Romantic art is its emphasis upon Time as an almost indefinable quality, merging into timelessness as the artist attempts to free mankind from the quantifications of time insisted upon by society's rules and commercial pressures. Frequently the action in a Romantic work will assume cyclical structures suggestive of Eliot's wisdom in the Quartets that we find our ends somewhere in our beginnings. Lindsay Anderson structures his full plot around eleven major sequences, as McDowell stumbles through every conceivable social situation and institution almost monotonously, seeming to learn nothing from his repeated buffetings at the hands of, successively: Corporate Efficiency; Police Power; Sexuality; the Military; the Church; Science; Colonial Exploitation; the Law; the Corrections System; and finally, even the twin verities of Humanism and Art. The film begins with "Once Upon a Time" showing the dismemberment of a Cuban worker for the petty crime of stealing coffee beans from an exploitive plantation owner. Immediately this "time-cycle" merges into another ("Today" flashes on screen): the camera pans from left to right upon a group of rehearsing rock musicians, including Anderson himself (his only appearance until the end of the film) absorbed in supervising pianist Alan Price, who is singing of the seemingly unchanging, cyclical state of man. You are a lucky man, he sings, if you have a reason to live on and not to die. As Price's commentative sound fades, McDowell appears (minus the moustache of the Cuban serf in the "Once Upon a Time" scene) as Michael Travis, aspiring salesman for the Imperial Coffee Company (the colonial exploiters of the first scene). He is being primed to produce seductive sales-smiles by the public relations officer, who hilariously coaxes her charges with distortions of Blake - "a sincere belief in something makes it so," she admonishes them. This perversion of Romanticism is echoed a moment later when the sales manager solemnly charges Travis with the responsibility of "covering the Northeast. …


High water retention in peat is attributed to structural voids (macro-pores) due to the partial degradation of the structure of peat-forming plants, and molecular absorption sites (micro-pores) associated with the formation of humic substances. Water retention by the heterogeneously-structured system in peat organic matter depends on the chemical structure of solid surfaces. These naturally wet solids, if dried sufficiently, lose the ability to rewet quickly when immersed in water. The ability of peat surfaces to attract and hold water is attributed to hydrophilic functional groups which characterize the organic substances of peat. The investigations of chemical and physical properties were performed for three different peat-moorsh soils located in the Biebrza River Valley in Poland. All examined soils were used as meadow. Soil samples were taken from two depths: 5-10 cm (moorsh) and 50-80 cm (peat). Total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and humic acids (HA) extracted from these samples were analysed. Also basic physical properties such as ash content and bulk density were measured. Wetting behavior of soils was quantified using water drop penetration time test (WDPT) and measured values of the soil-water contact angle using sessile drop method. The measurements were conducted on air-dry soil samples which volumetric moisture content was not exceeding 7%.


DR. R. G. C. DE CRESPIGNY: The meeting tonight represents something of a new departure to this Branch, in that we have arranged for a clinico-pathological discussion. We are most indebted to the Department of Pathology at the University of Adelaide and to Professor Robertson in particula~, who have undertaken all the work of organizing this; he WIll undertake the conduct of this meeting tonight.


� Abstract—Considering toxicity of heavy metals and their accumulation in domestic wastes, immobilization of lead and cadmium is envisaged inside glass-ceramics. We particularly focused this work on calcium-rich phases embedded in a glassy matrix. Glass-ceramics were synthesized from glasses doped with 12 wt% and 16 wt% of PbO or CdO. They were observed and analyzed by Electron MicroProbe Analysis (EMPA) and Analytical Scanning Electron Microscopy (ASEM). Structural characterization of the samples was performed by powder X- Ray Diffraction. Diopside crystals of CaMgSi2O6 composition are shown to incorporate significant amounts of cadmium (up to 9 wt% of CdO). Two new crystalline phases are observed with very high Cd or Pb contents: about 40 wt% CdO for the cadmium- rich phase and near 60 wt% PbO for the lead-rich phase. We present complete chemical and structural characterization of these phases. They represent a promising way for the immobilization of toxic elements like Cd or Pb since glass ceramics are known to propose a "double barrier" protection (metal-rich crystals embedded in a glass matrix) against metal release in the environment. Keywords—Cadmium, Calcium-rich phases, Diopside, Domestic wastes, Fly ashes, Glass-ceramics, Lead, Municipal Solid Waste Incineration.


The discussion that follows and the data presented are based on a precise laboratory batch test program1 2 that explored precipitation and coagulation as they affect HGMS. Therefore, Charles River water was abandoned in favor of artificial samples of distilled water with known additives. The field and flow parameters as well as the chemical concentrations used are not necessarily the optimum parameters for commercial application of HGMS.


Arylmalonate decarboxylase (EC. 4. 1. 1. 76) catalysed
decarboxylation followed by enantioface-differentiating protonation of
[α-2H]- and [α-1H]phenylmalonic acid in
1H2O and 2H2O respectively,
gave highly enantiomerically enriched (R)- and
(S)-[α-2H]phenylacetic acid in quantitative
yields.


Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) show high thermal resistance combined with damage tolerance and non-brittle failure. Therefore, they are suitable for mechanically loaded components at high temperatures. For dimensioning of components, an adaption of existing simulation and calculation methods for CMC materials is required. The material investigated in this work is a wound oxide CMC with a defined fiber orientation and a highly porous matrix. Due to manufacturing conditions, randomly distributed macroscopic pores are present in the composite. Since failure is initiated by these pores, a statistical investigation of strength is performed based on the weakest link theory. Several series of tensile tests were performed to reveal the relation between stress and strain and obtain their ultimate values. The application of two statistical criteria showed that fracture strains are well represented by Weibull distributions. The tensile tests were compared with results of finite element simulations, using the simulation software ANSYS®. An anisotropic Weibull criterion was set up and adapted to the results of the tensile tests. Hereby, the anisotropic nonlinear deformation behavior as well as the scatter of failure strain could be reproduced by numerical simulations. The adapted material model and failure criterion were validated by further experiments and exemplified by application in a reliability analysis of a notional flame tube.


two-way referral system was a key research topic to relief hospital patient medical contradiction in current years. The conception, history, importance, status and difficulties on two way referral system in tertiary hospital were analyzed and measures were presented.


A r t le y , Donald K., M.S., December, 1976 Forestry Predic t ing Duff Reduction from Broadcast Burning in Western Larch —Doug lasf i r Stands ( 72 pp.) D irec to r : Robert W. Steele f / t i i Broadcast burning is one e f fe c t iv e and economically feas ib le method o f s i t e preparat ion in the western la rch ( Lar ix occiden t al i s , N u t t . ) -D o u g la s f i r (Pseudotsuga menziesi i var. glauca [Beissn.] Franco) fo re s t type o f northwestern Montana. However, p red ic t ive guidel ines fo r the amount o f d u f f reduct ion and min eral so i l exposure resu l t ing from burning are needed. The ob jec t i v e o f th i s study was to develop such guidel ines in the form of regression equat ions. Measurements were taken on 100 p lo ts located in each o f four previously harvested blocks (2 c learcuts and 2 shelterwoods), both before and a f t e r broadcast burning. Measurements included: du f f depth, mineral so i l exposure, downed fuel inven to r ies , fuel depth, slope, aspect, shrub inven to r ies , and preburn fuel and d u f f moisture contents. Because o f the r e la t i v e l y high moisture content o f the fu e ls , the blocks burned poor ly . Mean d u f f depth reduct ion varied from 5% to 29%, and mean mineral so i l exposure ranged from 1% to 22%. The preand post-burn measurements were used as independent var iables in a m u l t iva r ia te regression analysis on d u f f reduct ion and mineral so i l exposure. The resu l ts were inconclusive y i e l d  ing no strong co r re la t io ns . In a l l cases, R̂ values were too low fo r s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t equations to be presented. However, the f e a s i b i l i t y o f th is type o f study was confirmed since the v a r ia t io n was p r im a r i ly w i th in block ra ther than be tween block. The f a i l u r e to explain the experienced v a r ia t io n in du f f reduct ion and mineral so i l exposure was a t t r i b u te d p r i  mar i ly to the high water content o f the lower h a l f o f the d u f f layer .


More than 20 years ago the late Paul Wood stated, "On the whole . . . it is wise to assume the innocence of ectopic beats under any conditions, and to judge organic disease on other grounds."' Ectopic beats are common. They often arise from an irritable ventricular, sometimes supraventricular, focus and cause premature depolarization of the ventricles. Usually the premature beat leaves the ventricles refractory to further excitation for long enough to miss the next arrival of the normally conducted atrial excitation, so the average number of beats per minute does not change. At the wrist a beat may be missing if the aortic valve either fails to open or opens only slightly. True extra systoles are less common. The frequent occurrence of ectopic beats in hearts which cannot be shown by any other criterion to be diseased means that clinicians are generally trained to attach little significance in ambulant patients to occasional ectopic beats of any sort. Doubtless this is a healthy attitude, yet ventricular ectopic beats are seen in more than half of patients in the acute phase of a myocardial infarct and are then presumably symptomatic of myocardial disease. Much of the worldwide investment in monitoring equipment for coronary care units is based on two assumptions: (1) that ventricular filbrillation may be preceded by increased numbers of ventricular ectopic beats, which anyone can be quickly trained to recognize on an oscilloscope screen; and (2) that timely treatment-for example, with lignocaine may stave off ventricular fibrillation. Though there is at present some doubt about these assumptions, it is certainly true that ectopic beats are much commoner after an acute myocardial injury than at other times. In principle, therefore, it is tempting to suppose that ectopic beats must have some prognostic significance if only we knew accurately how to assess it. Prospective studies are needed, but only a few have so far been done. A study of a sample population of Tecumseh, Michigan,2 showed that 91 out of 97 people who diedc of coronary artery disease during a six-year follow-up period had rhythm or conduction defects on an electrocardiogram previously recorded at rest. However, the difficulty in using this type of information is the very high frequency of ectopic beats and other minor abnormalities among people who do not subsequently have coronary disease. Since exercise increases the heart's requirements for blood and


We investigate the structure of commuting map on module extension alge- bras. In particular, we give conditions that every commuting map L on such an algebra is of the form L ( c ) = cx + h ( c ), where x lies in the center of the algebra and h is a linear map from the algebra to its center.


The invention discloses a hammer handle angle adjusting device. The hammer handle angle adjusting device comprises a rotary table body, an angle adjusting mechanism, a locking mechanism, a support body and a rotating wheel. The rotary table body comprises a swing arm and a disk-shaped angle adjusting part which are connected with each other. Threads are arranged on the angle adjusting part. The angle adjusting mechanism comprises a rotary wheel and an adjusting rod, and the adjusting rod is fixed with the rotary wheel and rotates along with the rotary wheel. A thread section is arranged on the adjusting rod and the adjusting rod enables the angle adjusting mechanism to be connected with the rotary table body through meshing of threads of the thread section and the threads on the angle adjusting part. The locking mechanism is used for limiting rotation of the angle adjusting part and is connected with the rotary table body. The rotary table body, the angle adjusting mechanism and the locking mechanism are all arranged on the support body. The thread section on the adjusting rod drives the angle adjusting part to rotate so as to drive the swing arm to swing to the left/the right. The angle adjusting device and the angle adjusting method are simple in structure, convenient to operate, high in adjusting precision and capable of playing a very important role in detecting of small tools.


of her six-month admission to the geriatric psychiatry in-patient unit. Margaret was 54 years old and suffered from advanced dementia. At the time, few traces remained of the formerly demure, mild-mannered woman with sparkling blue eyes and gentle smile. Currently, she inhabited a state of almost constant agitation, with frequent fits of loud screaming and crying, which had prompted her three children to bring her for psychiatric admission. The onset of Margaret's symptoms had been deceptively insidious. Six years prior, unexplained mistakes on the job had precipitated a leave of absence from work. Episodes of getting lost while driving had resulted in nonrenewal of her driver's license. As her cognitive status declined, her temporary work leave turned into a permanent retirement. Her son "Paul" moved in to live with her, and Paul and her two daughters, "Mary" and "Martha," alternated caring for her. Within a few years, Margaret had gone from living independently and working full-time as a highly valued registered nurse to being nonverbal, profoundly cognitively impaired, and exclusively reliant on her children for self-care. Eventually, behavioral disturbances of dementia emerged. Shortly after 11 September 2001, she called 911, thinking terrorists were outside her window. She was often distraught for no discernible reason, and suffered bouts of uncontrollable yelling and agitated pacing, and was combative in response to care. One week prior to her index admission, she was admitted to a general hospital for management of unremitting agitation. An exhaustive work-up failed to elucidate potentially reversible causes of acute mental status changes. She spent much of that admission in restraints, and it was recommended that she be transferred to a geriatric psychiatry unit, with possible transition to a long-term care facility. At that point, her children opted to take her home, hoping that the more familiar home environment would decrease her level of distress. However, within a few hours, the children were forced to call 911 due to renewed escalation of behavioral dyscontrol. The Ethics of Palliative Care in Psychiatry


Coastal cities are particularly exposed to natural hazard and climate change impacts. Due to its geography, its likeliness to be impacted by natural hazards and its low level of preparedness, Bangkok, Thailand, is one of the most vulnerable coastal cities in the world. A growing number of organizations and individuals are working together to bridge the divides among government, international, national and local organizations and members of civil society in order to reduce Bangkok's vulnerability. An increase in local knowledge, paired with stronger local collaboration, enhances a society's preparedness against natural hazards. This study examines the role of boundary organizations and environmental champions in boundary-spanning activities aimed at increasing environmental cooperation and preparedness in Bangkok. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and archival analysis. The findings of this case study highlight the importance of boundary-spanning organizations and key individuals (i.e., environmental champions) in facilitating cooperation between disparate groups at varying geographic scales to increase preparedness in a city vulnerable to natural hazards.


Purpose – The paper's aim is to analyze changes in the relative importance of Canada as a supplier for its home markets; and, the rising importance of China versus other Canadian trading partners.Design/methodology/approach – The market overlap measure (MOM) statistic, developed by Sawchuk and Yerger is used to analyze the Canadian home market shares for Canada and every other nation with sales in the Canadian market for each of 61 different NAIC sectors (56 at the four‐digit NAIC level and five at the three‐digit NAIC level).Findings – The USA remains the most important foreign supplier to Canadian markets with a weighted average 23.6 percent market share as of 2003 (Canadian‐based production having a 63.0 percent market share). US market share, however, has been declining by nearly a percentage point per year since 2000. Approximately, half of the lost US' market share has been captured by Canadian‐based firms and approximately a quarter has been captured by Chinese production. China's growth in Canadia...


The article reveals some aspects of the problem of transforming the Ukrainian design education system through the prism of international experience. This problem is caused by the long-term neglect of the importance of the humanitarian segment of education in Ukraine, which, in turn, has become a determinant of the accumulation of numerous problems. In order to achieve the goal and objectives, it was important, firstly, to refer to the relevant source base, and secondly, to analyse certain aspects of the educational activities of higher education institutions abroad, in particular Seian University of Art and Design (Otsu, Shiga, Japan), Royal Collage of Art (London, Great Britain), KEDGE Design School (Marseille, France), Istituto Pantheon Design & Technology (Rome, Italy). The analytical and synthetic activities carried out allowed us to identify the best international practices in this area and propose vectors for the transformation of domestic design education. These include: multidirectional international cooperation; introduction of a practical component of student training on the basis of business institutions and enterprises; focus on the educational needs of students; active use of digital innovative technologies, etc. We see the prospects for further research in this direction in the practical application of the proposed steps to modernise design education.


Dissolution behavior of U3O8 and UO2 using supercritical CO2 medium containing HNO3-TBP complex as a reactant was studied. The dissolution rate of the oxides increased with increasing the HNO3/TBP ratio of the HNO3-TBP complex and the concentration of the HNO3-TBP complex in the supercritical CO2 phase. A remarkable increase of the dissolution rate was observed in the dissolution of U3O8 when the HNO3/TBP ratio of the reactant was higher than ca. 1, which indicates that the 2:1 complex, (HNO3)2TBP, plays a role in facilitating the dissolution of the oxides. Half-dissolution time (t½ ) as an indication of the dissolution kinetic was determined from the relationship between the amount of uranium dissolved and the dissolution time (dissolution curve). A logarithmic value of a reciprocal of the t½ was proportional to the logarithmic concentration of HNO3, CHNO3, in the supercritical CO2. The slopes of the (l/t½ ) vs. ln CHNO3 plots for U3O8 and UO2 were different from each other, indicating that the reaction mechanisms or the rate-determining steps for the dissolution of U3O8 and UO2 are different. A principle of the dissolution of uranium oxides with the supercritical CO2 medium is applicable to a method for the removal of uranium from solid matrices.


A study was conducted using simulation modeling to explore the relationships between a number of prescribed burning attributes and fire risk, as well as the relative importance of 'fine scale fuel mosaics' in reducing fire risk in southwest Tasmania. Results indicate that 'fine scale fuel mosaics' may enhance the reduction in fire incidence and propagation.


Mental Health at the Crossroads is an intriguing title, suggesting the choice of different paths, some leading to a wanted destination and some leading away. It is a moment when a definite decision has to be made. In some cases the decision may be easy. In this case, the sub-title, ''the promise of the psychosocial approach'' indicates that the choice has been made for us. This suggests this is a map for those who both know their destination and the path they want to take to get there. This is where there is a first faltering step. The psychosocial approach is not defined; indeed the editors point out that it means different things to different contributors. As a psychologist, my understanding of ''psychosocial approach'' chimes most with the chapter by Jones and Gamble: ''Re-introducing the psychosocial in training, education and research''. The majority of authors, however, have a social work background and the approach that I would see as more social (with not lot of psycho) may fit better with this audience's definition. The lack of a coherent definition may be less of a problem if the reader is dipping in and out of the book. A reviewer, however, tends to read through from start to finish. This highlights the unevenness of the chapters and also makes a clear audience more difficult to establish. It is clear that the editors and authors believe strongly in the merits of their approach, but their attitude to the demerits of the ''medical model'' are less clear, with some working alongside this model and others seeking to replace it. The editors point out that ''all challenge an unthinking reliance upon a simple scientific notion of scientific /research evidence. The chapters are theoretical, polemical at times . . .''. If scientific and research evidence is to be challenged what is to be put in its place? Theory is not the same as controversy and the polemical sometimes gets in the way of reasoned argument. If this is what is intended and understood that's fine, but problematical in what some might want to use as a textbook, where evidence (or any sort) and reasoned argument (including over values) might be more appropriate. The book is divided into three areas, on Social policy, Paradigm shifts and the Experience and practice of the psychosocial approach. The links between chapters is not always easy to understand. Thus a fascinating chapter by Vasconcelos on mental health care in Brazil precedes another interesting chapter by Beresford on self-defined approaches to madness, but with nothing to help the reader make the leap, or understand the link. This lack of cohesion and definition of the psychosocial makes the book less radical and controversial than it may have set out to be. It is disappointing that a number of authors refer to the UK or Britain when they apparently mean England & Wales – including comments on the law reform and support for mental health promotion. Journal of Interprofessional Care, March 2006; 20(2): 211 – 212


The articles in this special section focus on broadening our understanding of the role of touch in sensorimotor coordination, including rehabilitation of motor deficits and use of advanced prostheses and orthoses. The articles presented in this issue confirm that the science and technology of haptics has great potential to affect the outcomes of rehabilitation and adoption of advanced prosthetic and orthotic devices.


Objective
To investigate the risk factors of postoperative infectious complications (PIC) after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using evidence based medicine to provide a basis for prediction and prevention of PIC.

Methods
The fixed-effects or random-effects model was performed on studies on risk factors of PIC in HCC patients published from January 1990 to May 2015 by searching the PubMed, Embase, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data.

Results
Fourteen studies involving HCC 5 841 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The level of serum albumin was significantly lower in the PIC group than the NPIC group (WMD=-1.80, 95%CI: -2.79~-0.80; P 0.05).

Conclusion
A low level of serum albumin, diabetes mellitus, operation time more than 5 h, blood loss more than 2 000 ml, blood transfusion, bile leakage were risk factors for the development of PIC.

Key words:
Hepatectomy, liver resection; Infection; Risk factors; Meta-analysis


Salem Chapel in St. Catharines, Ontario, was one of several refugee-formed churches that organized relief for destitute Blacks when they arrived in Canada. Harriet Tubman worked at Salem Chapel when she came to Canada in the 1850s. It stood across the street from her lodgings.


In hydropower systems among hydropower plants there are storage pump units. In order to ensure higher flow rate, the pumps have constructive differences besides regular. Consequently, the complex shape of the suction-elbow with symmetric inlet generates an unsteady flow which is ingested by impeller. These phenomena also generate stronger unsteady flow conditions, such as stall, wakes, turbulence and pressure fluctuations, which affect the overall mechanical behaviour of the pump with vibration, noise and radial and axial forces on the rotor. Alternatively, an axial rotor can be installed in front of the impeller. In this case, the non-uniformity flow will be decreased, and the static pressure will be increased at the impeller inlet. Consequently, the efficiency behaviour practically remains unchanged while the cavitational behaviour is improved. The paper investigates experimentally a pump system with the axial rotor having variable speed, while the pump impeller has constant speed. First, the paper presents the experimental test rig, the control and acquisition system. Second, is presented the pump system equipped with the clutch in order to have variable speed for the axial rotor. Thirdly, the experimental results concentrate on the axial rotor influence on the efficiency behaviour. The last section draws the conclusions.


This paper aims to discuss the implementation of the "Jakarta Smart City" (JAKI) application policy in the South Jakarta City area in 2020. And to find out more about the implementation and the supporting and inhibiting factors for the JAKI application. This research focuses on the implementation of the "JakLapor" feature found in the JAKI application. This study uses four indicators obtained from George C. Edward III's policy implementation theory, namely Communication, Resources, Disposition and Bureaucratic Structure. This study uses a qualitative approach, using primary and secondary data sources—obtained Primary data sources from observations and interviews with informants—received Secondary data sources from document searches. The study results indicate that the JAKI application in South Jakarta City has not utilized technology and communication to realize better public services. The use of Smart City has also not succeeded in increasing public and government participation in using application data, providing input and criticism of the implementation of public services. Furthermore, the JAKI application also has supporting and inhibiting factors in its application. However, there are also challenges in implementing Smart City in Indonesia, such as inadequate infrastructure, data security problems, and limited access to technology for people in rural areas. Therefore, there is a need for collaboration between the government, private sector, and society to overcome these challenges and ensure the implementation of a sustainable and inclusive Smart City in Indonesia.


The control of multimedia conferencing, covering, among others, the distribution of state information, floor control, voting, membership, have been discussed in a number of papers; a range of proposals have been implemented, ranging from highly structured "traditional" multimediasystems such as MMC and JVTOS [1] to "loosely coupled" systems such as the Internet multicast tools (MBONE tools). Except for the MBONE [2, 3] tools, most of the existing conferencing systems are monolithic: They either consist of a single program or a tightly integrated suite of programs that can only interoperate within the set. The MBONE tools show a different approach, in that different media are handled by distinct media agents (nv, ivs and others for video, vat, nevot or maven for audio, : : : ). These MBONE tools can be operated manually or combined into multimedia conferences by conference controllers such as sd or mmcc [4–6]. The former implements a participant-driven ("active", implicit) conference, where participants search for interesting conferences in a directory distributed via multicast. mmcc presents an example of a initiator-driven ("passive", explicit) conference, where potential participants are personally invited, telephone-style. Other explicit mechanisms include invitation by active mail; WWW and X.500 have also been used as directories. This architecture has been described in more detail in [7]. While the MBONE conference controllers allow the combination of different media agents, these controllers are of the "fire-and-forget" variety. The conference controller simply starts the media agent processes, passing parameters such as multicast address, port number or media encoding as command line arguments. Once a conference has been started, applications are on their own, unaware of other local media agents within the same or other conferences and beyond reach of the conference controller. Within this approach, it would be possible to add additional applications to an ongoing application or kill running applications, but this is not currently implemented in either sd or mmcc. For a number of applications, more elaborate control is desirable:


The group of bioceramics include hydroxyapatites, which, due to their specific properties, are widely used in biotechnology. These compounds exist in skeleton of human and animal body. A range of advantages of implants which contain, among other things, hydroxyapatites, results also from the level of their porosity. Recent trends that focus on improvement in poor strength properties of HAp coatings include introduction of solid solution of Y2 O3 in ZrO2 [1–7]. It seems to be essential to determine the resulting structural and strength properties in the aspect of further application of composites based on hydroxyapatite with addition of zirconium phase. The investigations involved ceramic composites based on HAp with different amounts of the phase modified with ZrO2 yttrium dioxide.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


The paper introduces the deterministic model and stochastic model of the nonlinear and asymmetric time-delay gene transcriptional regulation system, and researches the properties of stochastic system with the delay time by computational modeling. With the delay time increasing, it is found that the peak of probability distribution in high steady states is increased, and the peak of probability distribution in low steady states is decreased. The mean of state variable, the normalized variance, and the normalized autocorrelation function are slowly varied with small delay time, On the other hand, the mean of state variable is rapidly increased, and the normalized variance, and the normalized autocorrelation function is rapidly decreased with large delay time.


The effects of mechanical injury on the skin, connective tissue, muscle and bone of the goldfish is described 28 days following the injury. There is evidence of a dynamic response but the apparent inability of muscle regeneration to any degree is noted.


Society (E-MRS) celebrated its 20th anniversary during its 2003 Spring Meeting, which was held June 10–13 last year in Strasbourg, France. During the plenary session, then E-MRS president and meeting chair Giovanni Marletta and president of the International Union of Materials Research Societies (IUMRS) Robert J. Nemanich welcomed attendees. This meeting saw the inauguration of the E-MRS 20th Anniversary Award, which was presented to Richard Friend of the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, recognizing his contributions to the development of polymer-based electronics (see the December 2003 issue of MRS Bulletin). The awards ceremony was followed by Friend's presentation on "Plastic Electronics." Materials Research Society 2003 president, Merrilea Mayo, as well as Tania Friederichs, a member of the European Union (EU) cabinet, also participated in the plenary session. Friederichs, representing Philippe Busquin, the EU European Commissioner for Research, described European research policy for materials, while Mayo discussed structural challenges for materials research in the United States. The meeting, held at the Palais de la Musique et des Congrès, offered 16 symposia, including traditional topics such as ion beams (Symposium E), protective coatings and thin films (Symposium G), and current trends in nanoscience (Symposium A), and topics new for E-MRS such as materials aspects of art (Symposium O). The venue included oral and poster presentations, with international participation. In Symposium O, particular attention was devoted to the analysis, characterization, conservation, and restoration of many different materials, all involved in Cultural Heritage. Reports were given on the most recent results in the field, and very often the results were obtained with the use of sophisticated apparatus to investigate ancient materials at a nanometric level, with the goal of understanding and developing their properties. For instance, nanomaterials were discovered in the "luster" decoration present on Islamic ceramics produced 1200 years ago. The sessions addressed dating, conservation, and restoration; ceramics and glazes; metallurgy; pigments; paper and inks; and other materials, including waxes, plasters, jade, and cosmetics. Ion beams are a unique tool for modifying the properties of solid surfaces on the nanometer scale. The localized energy and material deposition of energetic ions can INTERNATIONAL UNION OF MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETIES


The theoretical scheme based on the density matrix formalism, and selfconsistently derived from the principles of Quantum Electrodynamics, is presently one of the most solid frameworks for the interpretation of solar polarimetric observations. This scheme has been highly successful, mainly for the interpretation of polarimetric signals that can be described in the so-called limit of complete frequency redistribution (CRD). However, it suffers from the severe limitation that partial frequency redistribution (PRD) effects cannot be accounted for. The metalevel theory can handle PRD effects, but all the attempts for its generalization to account consistently for collisions and lower-level coherences have failed. The redistribution matrix approach is very suitable for taking PRD effects into account. However, it can consistently describe only two-level atoms with unpolarized lower level. New heuristic approaches have been proposed for treating two-term atoms, but they are based on rather crude approximations and their validity and physical consistency are far from being firmly established. Some few reflections that may lead to the establishment of a self-consistent set of equations, fully derived from first principles, are put forward. These reflections are based on the introduction of the Fourier transform of the density matrix.


This study was conducted to investigate the interaction between fish protein and sago starch using keropok lekor as a model with the following objectives: to study the thermal and physical properties of the model, to optimize the contents used in the model based on their thermal and rheological properties, to study the effects of sodium chloride and sucrose on transition temperatures of gelatinization and to investigate the effect of sodium chloride and sucrose on cooking time of the model. The ingredients used in preparing the formulations were red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) minced fish, sago starch (Metroxylon sagu), and water in the ranges of 20 - 50, 10 - 40 and 10 - 35, respectively. A two-level factorial design was carried out to obtain the experimental formulations of the model. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), texture profile analysis (TPA), sensory evaluation and the changes in thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity (k), specific heat capacity (Cp), density (ρ), thermal diffusivity (α) and the effects of sodium chloride and sucrose concentrations on the cooking time of the optimized fish protein-sago starch model were conducted. The onset temperatures (To) of the different formulations of the fish protein - sago starch model varied from 60.9 ± 0.5 - 80.8 ± 0.4oC with an average value of 70.9 ± 0.5oC. The formulations had peak temperatures of gelatinization that varied from 65.5 ± 0.1 - 86.0 ± 0.4oC with average value of 75.8 ± 0.3oC. Increasing the ratios of the minced fish in the formulations was found to be the most significant factor affecting the values of To and Tp. The highest hardness value 50.9 N was obtained in the sample formulated with 5: 4: 1 minced fish: sago starch: water, respectively followed by 45.0 N which was obtained in the sample formulated with the ratios of 3.5 minced fish 4 sago starch: 2.25 water. The sensory evaluation study showed that the panelists preferred the model formulated with 2: 1: 1 minced fish: sago starch: water followed by 3.5: 2.5: 2.25 of the components, respectively. The optimum formulation of the model was highly dependant on the ratios of fish protein: sago starch. The addition of NaCl to the optimized formulation resulted in the shifting of the To from 82.2 ± 0.9oC to 98.2 ± 0.1oC, Tp from 94.8 ± 0.2oC to 106.2 ± 0.3oC and Tc from 108.0 ± 0.9oC to 116.3 ± 0.2oC. However, the addition of sucrose shifted To from 82.2 ± 0.9oC to 111.4 ± 0.2oC, Tp from 94.8 ± 0.2oC to 118.2 ± 0.2oC and Tc from 108.0 ± 0.9oC to 119.3 ± 0.3oC. During frying an increase in the thermal conductivity (k), specific heat capacity (cp) and thermal diffusivity (α) values was observed. The k value of the model increased dramatically from 0.418 to 0.584 W/m2.oC in the control. The calculated k values confirmed that the NaCl and sucrose caused an increase in k values of the model from 0.419 to 0.585 W/m2.oC for NaCl and from 0.423 to 0.588 W/m2.oC for sucrose treated ones. The calculated values of thermal diffusivities of the model varied from 1.19 x 10−7 to 1.51 x 10−7 m2 s−1 during deep - fat frying. In summary, it can be concluded that the thermal properties of the model were highly dependant on the ratios of fish protein, sago starch and water used. The optimum formulation was obtained in the model formulated with 2: 1.01: 1 minced fish: sago starch: water, respectively. The shifts in the transition temperatures values of To, Tp and Tc caused by NaCl were 16, 11.4 and 8.3oC, respectively. However, sucrose shifted the transition temperatures values of To, Tp and Tc to 29.2, 23.4 and 11.3oC, respectively. Sucrose was found to be more effective in increasing the onset and conclusion temperature of gelation of the model. The actual cooking time of the control sample of the model was 180 s and the predicted cooking time of the model according to Ansari"s equation was 195 s. The model with either added sucrose or NaCl needed more time to be cooked