Article History Published Online: 15 October 2020 Training is one of the topics that had and still has a great interest in the present time due to the effective role that training plays in developing performance for all workforce categories. The lesson learned from the study of the training experience is the importance of individuals and what they can contribute to their current or future jobs when trained and developed in a general and appropriate manner. The training process leads to a change in the personality of the individual. Because he discovers new motives for better work in himself, the human resources management is the specialized body or department in the organization that works to prepare the organization through this logic. Training is a means and not an end in itself, as it is a process to achieve specific goals that require thoughtful scientific planning to achieve these goals. Researchers focus on training, its importance, motives, basic principles, methods, types, and stages and identify needs and stages. They consider planning in the field of numbers and factors of success of training programs, development policy in training, training management members, and implementing the training risks according to the training process's plan set.


Objetives: This study evaluated the sealing capability of MTA when it is used as the only root canal filling material and when it is used as sealing cement combined with gutapercha points. Materials and methods: The mesial roots of 24 inferior molars were selected; they were instrumented until an apical master file # 40 with Crown Down technique. Group I were obtured with gutapercha points and MTA as sealing cement; group II were obtured only with MTA. Four roots were used as positive and negative control, samples were covered with sticky wax, leaving free the apical last 2 mm, they were centrifugued with chinese ink for one hour and then they were turned transparent, to measure the microleakage with a stereoscopic microscope. Results: Results were analyzed statistically with the KRUSKAL-WALLIS test for independent variables and statistically no significant difference was found between the two groups. Conclusion: Statistically no significant difference was found between the two groups. In such clinical situations that don't permit conventional obturation with gutapercha points, both MTA techniques are viable.


Prenatal complications and damaging environmental influences during pregnancy are known to be connected to the risk for a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, uniform mechanisms of direct fetotoxic influences could not be shown so far. Recently, maternal preeclampsia has been found to be a risk factor for schizophrenia in the offspring. As preeclampsia is primarily a placental disease, this finding may serve as a starting point to consider discrete placental dysfunction in general as an important contribution to the etiopathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge concerning links between prenatal conditions, genetic factors, and disturbed placental development, as well as between prenatal conditions, genetic factors, and the etiopathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric diseases. Furthermore, interrelations between disturbed placental development and the etiopathogenesis of these neuropsychiatric diseases are discussed. It is shown that disturbed placental development and the etiopathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric diseases show a variety of amazing similarities and interrelations. Therefore, we hypothesize that disturbances of placental development and maturation form a crucial and overlooked link between genetic predisposition, damaging environmental influences during pregnancy and the etiopathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric diseases, ultimately due to discrete abnormalities of uteroplacental and/or fetoplacental blood flow. Prospects and limitations of testing this hypothesis in human beings and in animal models are discussed. It is suggested that confirmation of this hypothesis will establish a new basis for research on prenatal roots of several neuropsychiatric diseases, with new avenues to effective primary prevention of these diseases by therapeutic intervention already during pregnancy.


We investigate a new method to recover (if any) a possible varying speed of light (VSL) signal from cosmological data. It comes as an upgrade of [1,2], where it was argued that such signal could be detected at a single redshift location only. Here, we show how it is possible to extract information on a VSL signal on an extended redshift range. We use mock cosmological data from future galaxy surveys (BOSS, DESI, \emph{WFirst-2.4} and SKA): the sound horizon at decoupling imprinted in the clustering of galaxies (BAO) as an angular diameter distance, and the expansion rate derived from those galaxies recognized as cosmic chronometers. We find that, given the forecast sensitivities of such surveys, a $\sim1\%$ VSL signal can be detected at $3\sigma$ confidence level in the redshift interval $z \in [0.,1.55]$. Smaller signals $(\sim0.1\%)$ will be hardly detected (even if some lower possibility for a $1\sigma$ detection is still possible). Finally, we discuss the degeneration between a VSL signal and a non-null spatial curvature; we show that, given present bounds on curvature, any signal, if detected, can be attributed to a VSL signal with a very high confidence. On the other hand, our method turns out to be useful even in the classical scenario of a constant speed of light: in this case, the signal we reconstruct can be totally ascribed to spatial curvature and, thus, we might have a method to detect a $0.01$-order curvature in the same redhift range with a very high confidence.


ABSTRACT:Public perception of the liberal arts is declining. Yet the cognitive skills that a liberal education aims to engender are the key skills that employers and the public value most. To address this seeming paradox, we must redesign the general education core and focus squarely on essential outcomes. Specifically, we must ensure that when students graduate, they are able to apply key cognitive skills such as effective communication, cultural sensitivity, ethics and values, information and technology literacy, relational skills, and quantitative literacy in their personal and professional lives. The most effective way to ensure this outcome is to focus on it directly and unequivocally in curriculum design.


Background subtraction is a widely used technique to detect a foreground image from its background. We present a study of different background subtraction methods and compare them. All review methods are compared based on their robustness, memory usage and computational effort they require. The overall evaluation shows that GMM and KDE gives the best performance in accuracy but by using different feature extraction algorithm like SURF algorithm we can improve the performance of the basic background subtraction methods.


One present in this paper the design of a robust direct model reference adaptive control (DMRAC) algorithm which will be applied to systems with unmodeled dynamics. These unmodeled dynamics are represented as either additive or multiplicative norm bounded perturbations in the transfer function. Frequency domain design conditions for a feedforward compensator have been developed. The validity of the algorithm is illustrated by means of examples.


On September 14, 2019, Saudi Arabia's state-owned Aramco's oil facilities were hit by a swarm of 18 drones and seven cruise missiles. Located in the eastern province in the capital city of Dammam, the Abqaiq oil facility and Khurais oil field are protected by a massive air defence system installed jointly by Saudi Arabia and the US. With a market value worth of US$2 trillion and reserves 10 times bigger than Exxon Mobil, Aramco is crucial not only to Saudi Arabia and the region but to the entire world!Therefore, naturally, the attack on the sites at once shut down 5 percent of the world's oil supply, and oil prices rose up by 20 per cent. Even though the functioning of the sites and oil production was reportedly resumed in two weeks' time, the attack had serious implications in terms of the security apparatus as well as vulnerability.


Bacground and aim: Chronic biliary tract diseases impair hepatocyte functions by causing longer exposure to bilirubin in hepatocytes and toxins excreted from the liver. In addition, there are publications suggesting that biliary tract malignancies, like primary malignancies of the liver, are also characterized by fibrosis. In the light of this information, it can be thought that cholestatic diseases that cause chronic and malignant bile duct obstruction worsen liver functions and increase liver fibrosis than diseases that cause acute and benign biliary tract obstruction. In our study, we aimed to investigate which scoring systems used in liver diseases (R-factor, the model for end-stage liver disease-natrium, albumin-bilirubin score, alkaline phosphatase-to-platelet ratio, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, fibrosis-4 score
 and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio) could be used as an auxiliary method in the diagnosis of malignant cholestasis. Material and Method: The files of patients who were diagnosed with obstructive cholestasis in Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Gastroenterology Clinic between July 2017 and July 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients diagnosed with acute and benign cholestasis were classified as Group 1, and patients with chronic and malignant cholestasis were classified as Group 2. Using the laboratory values of the patients at the time of first application; R-factor, the model for end-stage liver disease-natrium, albumin-bilirubin score, alkaline phosphatase-to-platelet ratio, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, fibrosis-4 score and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio scores were calculated, and the relationship between their diagnosis and their scores at the time of diagnosis was evaluated. Results: A total of 202 patients, 116 male (57.4%) and 86 female (42.6%), were included in the study. There were 92 (45.5%) patients in Group 1 and 110 (54.5%) patients in Group 2. There was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 in terms of demographic characteristics. Common diseases were cholangitis, choledocholithiasis, biliary sludge and biliary pancreatitis in Group 1, and pancreatic head carcinoma in Group 2, respectively. Among the laboratory parameters, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin were the most important tests indicating malignancy (p < 0.001). Among the liver disease scores; R-factor (p < 0.001), the model for end-stage liver disease-natrium (p < 0.001) and albumin-bilirubin score (p = 0.023) were significant in favor of Group 2, while alkaline phosphatase-to-platelet ratio (p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (p < 0.001) and fibrosis-4 score (p < 0.001) were significant in favor of Group 1, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio (p = 0.242). The final diagnosis of the patients in Group 1 was mostly made by ultrasonography (p < 0.001), whereas the patients in Group 2 were diagnosed with computed tomography (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study showed that R-factor, the model for end-stage liver disease-natrium and albumin-bilirubin score could be used as an auxiliary method in the diagnosis of malignant cholestatic diseases. Alkaline phosphatase-to-platelet ratio, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and fibrosis-4 score could be used as an auxiliary method in the diagnosis of benign cholestatic diseases. However, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio could not be used in this distinction. Such predictive scores could be interpreted together with the anamnesis and examination findings, making it easier for patients to be examined and treated more quickly.


Serum separation of Doogh, an Iranian yoghurt drink, is a major problem. In this study, the effects of whey protein concentrate (WPC) addition, pH of the product and dissolved salt (sodium chloride) in milk on the colloidal stability of Doogh were investigated. By increasing the amount of WPC (from 0.5 to 3%) and salt in milk (from 0 to 1.6%), the serum separation decreased. Increasing pH values of sample (from 3.5 to 4.5), WPC (from 0.5 to 4%) and salt concentration in milk (from 0 to 2%) also increased the samples' viscosity. All samples showed Newtonian behaviour except samples at pH 4.5, containing 4% WPC and 2% dissolved salt in milk.


Sound as music has always contributed to the technological development of mankind, have it been originated from the most simple musical instrument or produced by a keyboard hooked to the most sophisticated computer hardware. Its essence are the vibratory waves ‐ thus its fate is movement


Approximately 95 million metric tons of asphalt is recycled each year in the US; making it one of the most recycled materials. The technology for use of close to 100% recycled asphalt (RAP) is available. This study examines how owners of projects view the idea of using 100% RAP. The objectives of this study were to obtain city, town, county, and state government officials' opinions on the use of 100% RAP and to find out how respondents felt about the use of RAP in their current asphalt roads. A survey was sent to 250 industry officials from all over the country. Statistical tests were conducted to see if the results were indicative of the population. Results show that there is some hesitation in the use of 100% recycled asphalt due to the unknown properties of the asphalt, past performance issues dealing with asphalt containing less than 100% RAP, and the unknown life expectancy of the 100% recycled asphalt. Also it was determined that 100% recycled asphalt would have to be less expensive than current asphalt on the market for it to be attractive.


The electronic spectrum of a nonlinear carbon chain radical C4H4 + was observed after mass-selective deposi- tion i na6K neon matrix. The corresponding gas-phase spectra of C4H4 + and C4D4 + have been observed in the 512 to 513 nm region and at 710 nm for C8H4 + . These were detected in direct absorption by cavity ring down spectroscopy through a supersonic planar discharge. The electronic transition energies of these nonlinear carbon chain radicals corre- late well with those of the polyacetylene cations HCnH + (n = 4, 6, 8). The observed profiles are reproduced with rota- tional constants obtained by ab initio geometry optimizations and extrapolation between the ground and excited electronic states.


A modified Volume-of-Fluid numerical method is developed to predict the transient deformation of a viscoelastic drop surrounded by a more viscous Newtonian liquid passing through an axisymmetric microfluidic contraction. Viscoelastic effects are represented using an Oldroyd-B rheological model and can be generated in practice by the addition of small amounts of polymer. The numerical method is tested against experimental observations of viscoelastic drops forming at nozzles. We show that these simulations reliably reproduce flow and drop deformation. Predictions of drop shape and elastic extension are then presented and discussed for drop motion through a microfluidic contraction, and these results are compared against results for an equivalent Newtonian only system.


This chapter examines pathways to change for cities and look at two main strands of thinking for understanding systemic change within cities: (i) socio-ecological systems (SES); and (ii) socio-technical transitions (STT). The chapter focuses particularly on STT to show how transition theory (comprising the multi-level perspective) and transition management can be used as analytical and conceptual frameworks for understanding and shaping and guiding urban transitions. In doing this, the chapter focuses on examples from our own research and other work. The chapter concludes by providing key lessons from this body of work and what we can learn by using transitions theory in an urban context.


Objective To investigate the status of Legionella contamination in central air conditioning and warm water system and the crowed Infection level.Methods The samples of air condition cooling water,condensed water,bath water and air hatch filtering screen were collected and the Legionella were examed.in the above samples.The blood sample from 178 exposed persons and 192 controls were collected and antibody of Legionella was detected.Results The positive rate of Legionella in the cooling water was 25%(5/20) and 15%(3/20) in bath water.The positive rate of Legionella antibody was 3.38(6/178) in the exposed and 1.56%(3/192) in control.Conclusion There were the Legionella pollution in the central air conditioning and warm water system.People must pay attention to its prevention.


Prior studies have shown that electoral rules fail to determine the number of parties in new democracies due to the uncertainty of voters and politicians about which parties are viable. Latin American democracies, where electoral volatility has generally remained high and party institutionalization low, have been a primary example of this phenomenon. We argue that even in shifting political environments the fragmentation of the party system is likely to become consistent with the permissiveness of electoral rules and the level of social diversity as voters and party leaders accumulate experience with elections and the rate of electoral regime change declines. We find support for these propositions analyzing an original dataset on Latin American democratic elections. This article contributes to research on electoral systems and political parties by identifying the conditions under which equilibrium electoral outcomes can be expected after a transition to democracy in unstable institutional settings.


Geling Yan, one of the world's most well-known writers in diaspora literature, has produced a substantial body of works in both Chinese and English. This paper attempts to provide a comparative analysis of the two conceptions of justice and guanxi through her English novel The Uninvited (2006). Drawing on theoretical bases from Jacques Derrida, John Rawls, Michael J. Sandel, Mayfair Mei-hui Yang, and Morgan W. Geddie, this paper highlights the ambiguity and implausibility of locating justice and guanxi as purely transcendental or contingent notions. As exemplified in this work on the bizarre journey of Dan Dong, a factory-worker-turned-pseudojournalist in contemporary Beijing, this paper argues that the similarity between the two conceptions lies in their common pursuit of benefits from and desires of the other. Two key, common constructs, empathy and reciprocity, are identified. In the later part, this paper focuses on the negative connotations of guanxi as shown in Dan's ventures, highlights its tension with justice in terms of constructs of bonding and trust, and explores if guanxi is really intensifying China's unrestrained corruption and serves as an obstacle to China's progression as a society with the rule of law. Explicating the literary tropes in the work, from metaphors to imagery, this paper concludes how guanxi could complicate the conception of justice with its essentialist/instrumentalist complexity.


The present invention relates to a method for multiple types of communication nodes for allocating radio resources for common multi-node wireless network simultaneously transmit data streams. The present invention also relates to a method for multi-node wireless network radio resource isolation species assessed. The inventive method comprises a transmission (44) at least a first and a second test probe messages on a common radio test resource. Validation (45) intended to receive the test probe message, thereby determining a radio resource allocation and the spacer (46) common radio resources for transmission in a communication node tests. The present invention also relates to a communication node and a control node wherein the application method of the invention kinds.


Technological systems have advanced considerably over the past decade, particularly as a result of artificial intelligence. Autonomous vehicles, surgical robots, delivery drones etc are likely to become widespread in the very near future and new systems and innovations are being introduced almost daily. Some of these systems have the capability of interacting with people on a near human level. Virtual assistants, with smart voice recognition systems, for example, interrelate with humans seamlessly in fulfilling numeorus household and professional tasks, including turning on the heating or lighting, typing out text and sending messages. The internet of things has enabled them to become even more integrated into homes and other private and public spaces, making such places even more smarter. As systems begin to advance and start to become intricately woven into the various aspects of professional, social and human life, a number of wider communication and ethical questions will arise. Some of these, of course, will touch more broadly upon the rights of consumers, engineers and developers, and the extent to which people should be free to buy and innovate. However, in what frame and to what extent will it also be right and fair to ask about machine rights too, such as communication, both now and possibly in the future? This presentation will interrogate these questions.


The conference of sanitary engineers, recently held at London, is of special interest to the profession. Some of the most prominent sanitary engineers of England, the Continent and the United States took an active part therein. Although the conference was concerned with general sanitary engineering subjects, the majority of papers read and discussed had special reference to sewage treatment. The latter subject was reviewed in considerable detail with respect to activated sludge, the most recent practically developed method of sewage treatment. An interesting paper upon the activated sludge plant at the Withington Sewage Works pointed out the fact that an average of 0.92 cubic feet of free air was used per gallon of sewage treated with a normal working air pressure of four pounds per square inch, and that the surplus sludge, which amounts to approximately 2.4 per cent of the flow treated, is handled by trenching or spreading on farmlands. In a review of the activated sludge process in the East, Professor Gilbert J. Fowler pointed out the fact that this process, as a preliminary to land treatment, has made it possible to establish sewage farms without nuisance and with the least loss of manurial value of


Multiple view video coding (MVC) is key technology that serves a wide variety of applications, including FTV (free-viewpoint television), 3DTV (three dimensional television) and surveillance. Multi-view video consists of multiple views of the same scene in which there is a high degree of correlation between inter views and intra views. In this paper, a multi-view video coding method based on a new view prediction structure is proposed which makes full use of the spatial redundancy in addition to exploiting the temporal redundancy by performing spatial prediction across different views. A multi-reference disparity prediction method based on variable size block matching is used to get better disparity compensation effect in the proposed structure. Besides, by omitting transmission some B frames, the coding bit-rate is further reduced. Experimental results show that compared to general GoGOP algorithm, the proposed multi-reference prediction algorithm can reconstruct the target images with higher quality, and the MVC scheme based on the new view prediction structure can obtain a coding gain with about 1.4 dB.


independent values but, above all, in functional terms, i.e. as a means of ensuring the participation in government of the broad masses of working people, as a guarantee of the democratic nature of the State and the development of society. Consequently, while due importance is attached to the individual's economic, social and cultural rights, which are, in substance, regarded as the most important element in the development of the individual and of society, the development society has, in the socialist countries, always meant proclaiming, implementing and developing political and civil human rights. We support the important statement contained in the Secretary General's report that: 'A development strategy based on political repression and the denial of human rights could perhaps appear to succeed in terms of specific overall economic objectives, but full and genuine development would never be achieved'. 19 In this connection, it seems necessary to emphasize that the provision and guaranteeing of human rights and freedoms, and the concept of human rights in international treaties and agreements drawn up, in particular, within the United Nations system, are an important condition of development and form an integral part of the development strategy. It should also be noted that the concept of human rights formulated in contemporary international law is oriented towards development and against arbitrary rule and the use of violence, against abuses of rights to the detriment of develop-


A rapid, sensitive method suitable for the quantitative determination of ethisterone, methyltestosterone, testosterone, and progesterone is described. The method involves the extraction of the 2,4-...


The spider tribe Attacobiini contains only the enigmatic genus Attacobius Mello-Leitao from Brazil and Argentina; at least two ofthe three known species of the genus apparently live in the nests ofleaf-cutting ants. Morenilia Mello-Leitao and Achalaicola Mello-Leitao are transferred from the Gnaphosidae and Prodidomidae, respectively, and placed asjunior synonyms ofAttacobius, which is transferred from the Liocranidae to the Corinninae (Corinnidae). Attacobius attarum (Roewer) is removed from the synonymy of A. luederwaldti (Mello-Leitao); A. vestita (Mello-Leitao) is newly synonymized with A. nigripes (Mello-Leitao).


Poverty remains a critical global issue. It plays a crucial role in Creativity and Innovation as well as in the process of transforming a creative idea into Innovation. Most of the existing literature on poverty and creativity and innovation have focused on how creativity and Innovation (and subsequently, entrepreneurship) can be instrumental in poverty alleviation. Studies have not precisely dwelled into the multidimensional nature of poverty and its role at the beginning the creativity stage, during the transformation of creativity to innovation, as well as at the innovation stage. This is a gap this article seeks to address. Rather than considering poverty as a barrier to Creativity and Innovation, this article postulates that it can and actually does serve as a motivation to be creative and innovative. The article further elucidates that the relationship between poverty and creativity and innovation is not uni-dimensional; but multidimensional. Just as poverty plays a crucial role in an individual's creativity and innovation, so also does both creativity and innovation lead to poverty alleviation as may been in Bangladesh, Zimbabwe and Kenya. The article developed a Poverty model of creativity and innovation to depict the poverty, creativity and innovation relationship.


Contests can be defined as situations in which agents spend resources in order to win one or more prizes. One of the principal features is that, inespective of success, all contestants have to bear some costs. Most (although not all) of the large economic literature on contests have considered the case where the agents compete in order to win a unique prize. 2 Early applications where the value of the prize to each contestant is common and common knowledge include the rent-seeking model in Gordon Tullok (1980), the sales model in Hal R. Varian (1980), the technological race in Partha 1 Quoted in Moldova1w and Sela (2001} 2 Applications have been made to rent seeking, lobbying, technological races, political contests, promotions in labor markets, trade wars, military, and biological wars of attrition.


The effect of gas-slurry ratio (G/L) on coal liquefaction reaction and on the gas-liquid equilibrium in the liquefaction reactor were studied using a small bench scale flow unit. The results are summarized as follows:(1) Oil yields were increased with the increase of the G/L or/and the hydrogen partial pressure. From these results, equation (1) was obtained.Y=A√PH2..(1)where Y: oil yield [wt%, daf coal]PH2: hydrogen partial pressure [kg/cm2]G/L: gas/slurry ratio [l/l]A, B, C: constants(2) The increase of the G/L promotes the solvent vaporization, therefore it is evaluated that the effect of the increase of G/L on oil yields is caused by the increase of the residence time of the heavy fraction such as unreacted coal.


This paper points out the problem of separation in the process of general education development,studies its role and function,then puts forward some fundamental value which should be connoted in general education.


In this article, the 1.8V NMOS transistors prepared by the radiation hardened 0.18$\mu$m process has well radiation resistance. There is no shift of threshold voltage and off-state current after irradiating at 500 krad(Si). Compared to the radiation-hardened NMOS transistor without irradiating, the degradation of radiation-hardened transistor is worse after TID and HCI. The HCI damage of the radiation-hardened NMOS transistor is slightly worse than that of standard process, which may be due to the reason that the P-type impurity concentration in the region under STI field increased by radiation-hardened process reduced the channel width. The HCI reliability of the radiation-hardened NMOS transistor is greater than 0.2 years @ 1.1Vdd.


Conventional normalized cross correlation(NCC) has been used extensively for many computer vision applications,but its operation speed does not meet on-line detection requirements for time-critical applications.A method using increment sign correlation(ISC) for defect detection between two images can decreases largely computational complexity of normalized cross correlation algorithm.Firstly,the increment image is computed by comparing pixel values,then increment sign correlation values are computed,last the result image is displayed as a function of the intensity whose value is proportional to the increment sign correlation value.The experimental re-sults demonstrate that the proposed method can detect successfully defect location in the case of intensity or contrast variations.


Geographers' renewed interest in institutions reflects traditional concerns with the way institutions can shape geographies and a more recent interest in the ways geographies are important in shaping institutions. In this paper the authors build on this second strand of work and are specifically concerned with children's use of new information and communications technologies in schools. The authors suggest that multilayered institutional cultures, which are shaped by official school policy, teacher practice, and pupil culture, are exceedingly important in shaping distinct cultures of computing in (and within) the case-study schools. The highly gendered character of these institutional cultures is reflected in the very different attitudes of male and female pupils to computers and in the patterns of use which generally favour boys rather than girls. These are negotiated through competing masculinities and femininities in the classroom context, gender identities which are played out through normative understandings of heterosexuality. The authors conclude that we may indeed characterise institutions as 'precarious geographical achievements', as suggested by Parr and Philo. Schools are embedded within wider places, are important sites for the negotiation of gender and sexual identities, and, as spaces, are in part shaped through our notions of gender and sexuality. This achievement is only precarious as institutions are not forever solidified in their current form but are open to change, both inadvertently and through the concerted actions of individuals.


Waste Pisha sandstone (WPS) is the main damming material for the check dam in the Loss Plateau of northwest China. The dissolution characteristics of WPS in alkaline solutions were investigated as a basis for studying WPS modification materials and revealing the modification mechanism to further study the pozzolanic activity of WPS and the development of cementitious materials for concrete utilizing WPS. In this paper, WPS was milled and calcined at 600 °C, 700 °C, and 800 °C, respectively. After that, the activated WPS was immersed in 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 M NaOH solutions for leaching tests. The two curing temperatures of 20 °C and 80 °C were set, respectively. The ion concentration of Si, Al, and Ca in the alkaline solutions was determined using chemical titration, silicon–molybdenum blue colorimetric method, and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. After the leaching tests, the residues of WPS were characterized using XRD and SEM-EDS. The results show that the concentration of each ion in the leachate did not increase with leaching time but showed fluctuating variations with leaching time. Mechanochemical activation and thermal activation will promote the dissolution of minerals in alkaline solutions and increase the leaching efficiency of Si. However, the soluble Si in the leachate is not able to generate further gelling-like substances, limited by the total amount of available Ca in the mineral. WPS can dissolve more ions in higher concentrations of a NaOH solution, but the mineral crystallinity of its residue will be reduced. Higher curing temperatures can greatly increase the leaching efficiency of Si in a short time, which is better than thermal activation, and it can also promote the generation of newborn minerals and increase the crystallinity of minerals in WPS after leaching.


General Principles. Characteristics of Bacteria I. Characteristics of Bacteria Ii. Characteristics of Fungi I. Characteristics of Fungi Ii. Characteristics of Protozoa. Microbial Attack and Control. Multi-Cell Parasites. Host-Microbial Relationship. Normal Flora and Opportunistic Infection. Establishment of Disease: Attack. Non-Specific Defence. Specific (Immune) Defence I. Specific (Immune) Defence Ii. General Body Response to Infection. Specific Pathogens: Bacteria. Staphylococci. Streptococci and Enterococci. Gram-Positive Rods: Corynebacteria, Listeria, Bacillus Clostiride. Neisseria, Brannhamella, Kingella and Acinetobacter. Enterobacteriaceae I. Enterobacteriaceae Ii. Vibro, Campulobacter, Helicobacter, Aeromonas. Plesiomonas. Pseudomona and Other Gram-Negative Rods. Bacteroides, Fusobacterial and Other Anaerobes. Zoonotic Bacteria. Spirochaetes: Treponemes, Borrelia, Leptospires. Mycobacterial. Actinomyces, Norcadia and Rare Gram-Positive Bacilli. Chlamydia. Rickettsia, Coxiella, Rochachalimaea and Ehrlichia. Specific Pathogens: Fungi. Aspergillus and Candida. Cryptococcus and Histoplasma. Blastomyces, Coccidiodes, Paracoccidiodes. Fungi Infecting Skin, Hair or Nails. Fungi Causing Mucormycosis. Specific Pathogens: Parasites. Arthropods. Sporoza: Plasmodia, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium. Amoebae: Entamoeba, Naegleria, Acanthamoeba. Intestinal and Vaginal Flagellates and Ciliates. Blood and Tissue Flagellates. Intestinal Nematodes. Tissue Nematodes. Cestodes. Trematodes. Clinical Disease. Acute Meningitis. Chronic Diffuse Cns Infections. Cns Abscesses and Other Focal Lesions. Nervous System: Tropical and Rare Infections. Otitis, Mastoditisand Sinusitis. Superficial Ocular Infections. Tropical Ocular Infections. Deep Eye Infections. Stomatitis. Dental and Periodontal Infections. Throat Infections. Epiglottitis and Diphteria. Tropical and Rare Orofacial Infections. Laryngitis, Tracheitisand Pertussis. Bronchial Infections. Pneumonia I. Pneumonia Ii. Lung Abscess and Empyaema. Tuberculosis and Atypical Mycobacterial Infections. Tropical or Rare Respiratory Infections. Myocarditis, Percarditis and Rheumatic Fever. Infective Endocarditis. Bacteraemia, Septicaemia and Fungaemia. Tropical Systemic Infections. Rarer Systemic Infections. Pyrexia of Unknown Origin. Diarrhoeal Diseases I. Diarrhoeal Diseases Ii. Peritonitis and Intra-Abdominal Abscesses. Biliary Tract Infections. Liver Abscesses and Cysts. Tropical and Rare Abdominal Infections. Cystitis and Pyelonephritis. Real and Peri-Nephric Abscesses/Prostatitis. Tropical and Rare Urinary Infections. Urethritis. Cervicitis. Salpingitis and Pid. Epididymitis, Orchitis and Balanitis. Vaginitis and Vulvo-Vaginitis. Rare and Tropical Std. Streptococcal Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. Staphylococcal Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. Gas-Forming and Gangrenous Infections. Wound, Bite and Burn Infections. Fungal Infection of the Skin, Hair or Nails. Tropical and Rare Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. Tropical and Rare Fungal and Parasitic Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. Osteomylitis. Tropical and Rare Bone Infections. Joint Infections. Zoonoses. Infections of Mother, Fetus and Newborn Child. Travellers and Recent Immigrants. Hospital-Acquired Infections. Infections in Immunocompromised Patients. General Practice Patients. Elderly Patients. Microbe Control By Extrinsic Defences. Sterilisation and Disinfection. Antimicrobials IGeneral Properties. Antimicrobials IiSpecific Antibacterials. Antimicrobials IiiSpecial Anti-Microbials. Vaccines and Immunisation. Clinician and Laboratory IMicrobial Detection and Identification. Clinician and Laboratory IiAntibody Response and Guiding Therapy. Medical and Surgical Asepsis and Antisepsis.


Aim: To understand the needs and preferences of students at the University of Health Sciences (UHS) in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) in relation to access to educational materials in order to develop a strategy for development of educational resources for students at UHS. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional semi-structured survey of 507 students, staff and post-graduate residents from a range of faculties at UHS regarding current learning resources, access to educational aids and online learning. Focus groups of survey participants were conducted for in-depth understanding of desired materials and challenges faced. Results: There was an overwhelming request by students for greater access to learning resources. The main areas of difficulty include English language capacity, limited local language resources alongside poor internet access and limited competence in navigating its use. Students would prefer learning resources in their own language (Lao); many potential study hours are being consumed by students searching for and translating resources. Conclusions: Students in Lao PDR describe multiple barriers in accessing appropriate resources for their learning. Scoping current access and needs through this research has enabled us to better plan investment of limited resources for educational material development in Lao PDR, as well as highlight issues which may be applicable to other low resource setting countries.


Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out an investigation of the quality of coconut waters produced in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceara, at the physical-chemical and microbiological level, and to verify whether they are in accordance with the current legislation (No 27, of 22 July 2009). Methods: Three different brands were used in this study, where they were called A, B and C, of the potted and cooled type. Total titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids, reducing sugars and the presence of some microorganisms (Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, Molds and yeasts) were analyzed. Results: The physical-chemical analyzes showed that the pH of all samples is above the allowed limit, since the total soluble solids fit the standard, the values of total titratable acidity and reducing sugars are below the values mentioned in the literature. The results of qualitative microbiological analyzes show that all microorganisms mentioned above are present in all samples. Conclusion: Finally, it is concluded that all samples are unsatisfactory, as they are not following good manufacturing practices, thus requiring more rigid control.


The extant U.S. domestic literature provides evidence that if administered in an unbiased manner, merit pay can be a significant motivator. However, the same literature shows that judgment biases can lead to over‐rewarding of "favored failures," individuals who receive favorable treatment despite their poor performance. The cross‐cultural literature provides evidence that collectivist societies treat some portion of "merit" pay as salary rewarding both successful and unsuccessful performers with some merit pay. There has been no test in this literature of the treatment of "favored failures" but theoretical arguments and evidence from the cross‐cultural escalation of commitment literature suggests that collectivist societies may be less subject to the "favored failures" control problem. A "face" effect may offset the effect of collectivism in Chinese societies. Using a behavioral experiment and subjects from countries that are at the extremes of Hofstede's (2000) individualism‐collectivism spectrum (Taiwan...


Users of statistical tables released by the Economic Directorate of the U.S. Census Bureau have raised the issue of whether an alternative to cell suppression can be used to protect the confidentiality of such tables. These users would like to have access to at least an approximate value for each cell, except possibly for those cells that are the most sensitive. An alternative method was developed several years ago by researchers at the Census Bureau that successfully meets that goal. This method uses a carefully calibrated noise distribution to generate noise which is then added to the microdata values of a magnitude variable requiring protection. These noisy microdata values are then tabulated to form the cell values for all the tables in a statistical program that describe that variable (e.g., receipts for Non-Employer Statistics). This method is conceptually simple and easy to implement; in particular, it is much simpler than cell suppression. The main concerns are whether noise protected tables are fully protected and whether the noisy cell values are as or more useful to users than the combination of exact and suppressed values provided by cell suppression. The seminal paper by Evans-Zayatz-Slanta (J. Official Statistics, 1998) showed that this was clearly true for the survey analyzed in that paper. The work presented in this paper provides analysis for additional surveys with different features than the survey described in the earlier paper. We present general protection arguments that involve ways of relating the uncertainty provided by noisy values to the required amount of protection. We present graphs which show the different distributions of net noise on the set of sensitive cells versus that for the non-sensitive cells. We also discuss some ways to fine-tune the algorithm to a particular table, taking advantage of its special characteristics. Our conclusion is that this method works well for tables from a wide variety of statistical programs within the Economic Directorate. 1 This report is released to inform interested parties of ongoing research and to encourage discussion of work in progress. The views expressed on statistical issues are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the U.S. Census Bureau.


The article analyzes the regional distribution about China's present nuclear power station,combining nuclear power layout in other countries such as the USA and France which have tremendous strength in the aspect of nuclear,to point out that China is absolutely able to develop inland nuclear power station with great exertion.Then based on the middle area's electricity situation of supply and demand,the pressure of environment protection and the promotion to local economy,the conclusion is given that nuclear power station should be built in the middle area acceleratedly.


The response of three seedling age (6, 8 and 10 week old seedling) of onion cultivar N-53 was studied against different plant hormonal treatments viz., cycocel (500 & 1000ppm), ethephon (2000 & 2500ppm) and paclobutrazol (1000 & 2000ppm) in factorial RBD replicated thrice during Rabi season of 20142015. The results showed that 8 week old seedlings outperformed other aged seedlings with highest yield, quality, plant establishment and economics. Data with respect to yield attributes clearly pointed out that 8 week old seedlings performed better and showed statistically higher bulb yield (9.54kg/plot), total bulb yield (212.06q/ha) and marketable yield (205.40q/ha) over the 10 and 6 week old seedling. All plant hormones significantly reduced vegetative growth as compared to control. Amongst them, paclobutrazol @ 2000ppm was found statistically superior in terms of per plot bulb yield (8.57 kg/plot), total bulb yield (190.78q/ha), marketable yield (181.83q/ha) and minimum unmarketable bulb yield of (8.53 q/ha) as compared to other treatments. Interactive effect of paclobutrazol @ 2000ppm sprayed on 8 week old seedlings (A2P2) produced significantly higher marketable yield (279.50q/ha). Economics of the experiment showed maximum B: C ratio in 8 week old seedling with 2000 ppm paclobutrazol (4.4) with higher net returns of (₹ 3, 46,869) as compared to other treatment as well as control.


The present invention relates to heat transfer compositions, in particular, hydrofluoroalkenes iodocarbon, and hydrogen and 17 percent tertiary hydrogen atoms of the total number of hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom having carbon atoms comprising at least one lubricant is directed to the refrigerant for a motor vehicle.


PURPOSE: To form lines of perforations at variously spaced intervals along the lengthwise direction of a web by providing a means feeding a web in a prescribed route between the anvil roll and the perforating blade edge at a prescribed speed different from the speed of the anvil. CONSTITUTION: A rotatable anvil roll 7 carrying one or two anvils 41 for forming lines of perforations at spaced intervals along a continuous web W cooperating with a fixed perforating blade edge 95 is arranged. A means 97 feeding the web W between the anvil roll 7 and the perforating blade edge 95 at different speed from the speed of the anvil roll 7 is provided. Further, a means 105 positioning the anvil roll 7 to have adjustable inclination relative to a plane traversing the passage of the web W perpendicularly to the edge of the web W.


The master thesis is focused on the description and analysis of the contribution of the internet and especially social networks such as modern media to promote products, services and brands. The main scope of work is to propose costing solutions of advertising formats in chosen company.


Under the condition of new social circumstances,there existed prominent problems as to managers' racking their wits and patience in the work but with less effectiveness,being at a loss on students management.The essay analyzed factors affecting vocational students' management and problems in existence,proposing approaches on how to create new mode for students' management.


With the low-cost hygroscopic polymers as the sensing layer of the nano-porous devices, the "Nano Sponge sensors" enable efficient and reversible ammonia gas absorption to realize highly sensitive and stable ammonia detection.


The greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Rond.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the main pest insects on wheat crop, being capable of leading a plant to death by sap suction and toxin injection, in addition to transmitting viruses. A strategy recommended to the management of aphids on wheat is the use of selective insecticides, mainly in the seed treatment. This way, in this research, the objective was to monitor the feeding behavior of S. graminum on wheat plants treated with silicon and/or imidachloprid, in addition to evaluate some biological features of the insect. The experiment was carried out at the Entomology Department, UFLA, on wheat cultivar Embrapa 22, S. graminum, 1% silicic acid, and imidachloprid seed treatment. The biology assay was conduced, starting at 15, 30, and 45 days after the seed germination, and the honeydew excretion was evaluated. The treatments were distributed in factorial scheme 2 (with silicon and without silicon) x 2 (with imidachloprid and without imidachloprid), with 10 replicates. It was observed that the systemic insecticide imidachloprid acts as a deterrent on adults and it is lethal on nymphs of S. graminum up to 45 days after seed treatment. Furthermore, the plants treated with silicon showed resistance to S. graminum.


Identity systems today link users to all of their actions and serve as centralized points of control and data collection. NEXTLEAP proposes an alternative decentralized and privacy-enhanced architecture. First, NEXTLEAP is building privacy-enhanced federated identity systems, using blind signatures based on Algebraic MACs to improve OpenID Connect. Second, secure messaging applications ranging from Signal to WhatsApp may deliver the content in an encrypted form, but they do not protect the metadata of the message and they rely on centralized servers. The EC Project NEXTLEAP is focussed on fixing these two problems by decentralizing traditional identities onto a privacy-enhanced based blockchain that can then be used to build access control lists in a decentralized manner, similar to SDSI. Furthermore, we improve on secure messaging by then using this notion of decentralized identity to build in group messaging, allowing messaging between different servers. NEXTLEAP is also working with the PANORAMIX EC project to use a generic mix networking infrastructure to hide the metadata of the messages themselves and plans to add privacy-enhanced data analytics that work in a decentralized manner.


Reconfigurable ferroelectric transistor (R-FEFET) is a variant of a ferroelectric transistor (FEFET), which utilizes two asymmetrically sized gate stacks to achieve voltage-controlled modulation in hysteresis and dynamic reconfigurability between volatile and non-volatile modes. However, due to a floating internal metal layer (IML), gate leakage (GL) can lead to a polarization-dependent shift in device characteristics over time. This degrades read disturb margins (RDM) and the non-volatile memory (NVM) robustness. In this work, we propose an R-FEFET with symmetric gate stacks to diminish the adverse effects of GL on NVM operation. Utilizing our new R-FEFET, we propose a two-transistor NVM (2T-R), which exhibits up to 12% higher energy efficiency, $3\times $ increase in the RDM, and 14% lower area compared to an existing R-FEFET NVM. We also perform variation analysis showing a robust operation of the symmetric R-FEFET NVM.


This work is a development of an indigenous technology combined Flap-motor power generator (FMPG) and PV system that harnesses the free renewable energies in rural area to generate electricity. FMPG and solar renewable energy power technologies are affordable, clean and sustainable and can replace or supplement power generator for road traffic signal light. Combined energy systems integrate these renewable energy technologies with flap base car passing power generators, PV and batteries to provide road signal power in remote areas not connected to a utility grid. Such an isolated grid will help to supply electricity for traffic signal to avoid road accident and maximum vehicle efficiency at intersections. This power generation device will provide constant power supply while no sunlight for long days. At the same time technology will represent instance power supply for rural area traffic light electrification system without grid connection.


Today, emoji have become a popular option for anchoring the categories of Likert-type scales applied to not only adults but also children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of category labeling with emoji by comparing the psychometric properties of the emoji- and verbal-anchored versions of the mathematics motivation scale applied to students aged 8–11 years (grades 3, 4, and 5). The participants of the study comprised 658 students. According to the research results, students used the upper categories of the scale more intensively in the emoji-anchored version than in the verbal-anchored one. Parallel to this, the means calculated for the emoji-anchored version were found to be significantly higher. Moreover, the results of the research revealed that the verbal-anchored scale form yielded more reliable and valid measures than the emoji-anchored version.


The cobalt-based alloy containing approximately 30% chromium and 5% molybdenum is widely used for the fabrication of internal fixation appliances. This alloy exhibits superior corrosion resistance in the presence of body fluid because of a durable and rapidly formed surface layer of chromium oxide. Although biocompatible, clinical use of this alloy appears to have been complicated by relatively great adhesion of tissue and bone to the metal. The adhesion engenders considerable difficulty when removal of an applicance should become necessary.

It was hypothezied that this adhesion derives from the ceullular growth proceeding within the microporosity of the metal surface; the growth proceeds efficiently because of relatively low levels of cytotoxic metal ions released at the metal surface. In order to limit adhesion, polytetrafluoroethylene polymer (PTFE) was used to virtually eliminate surface microporosity and to substantially reduce metal surface free energy.1 One of the efficient techniques was to lap the metal surface with a solid piece of PTFE.

A series of eighteen 12– to 22–kg dogs were used to evaluate the above thesis. Control and treated cobalt alloy plates and screws were used to fix induced longbone fractures in the same animal. Also, five animals received implants on decorticated iliac crests. The histological data for control (untreated) plates showed that in nine of the eleven experiments bone was demonstrated closely adjacent to the surface of the appliance. However, in seven of these cases fibrous tissue was also present to a substantial degree. The presence of bone correlated with generally increased difficulty in removal of the plate. On the other hand, the results with treated implants showed that in ten of eleven cases the appliances were grossly encapsulated with fibrous tissue and were relatively easy to remove.


Single crystals and polycrystalline samples of β‐alumina containing hydrated proton H+(H2O)n have been studied by infrared and, to some extent, by Raman spectroscopy. The spectra of fully hydrated and more of less deyhdrated samples and their deuterated derivatives have been compared to those of Na+ β‐alumina and of mixed crystals with different M+/H+ ratios (M=Na, K, Ag). It can be shown that the samples heated above 400 °C contain H3O+ ions occupying Beevers–Ross sites as dominant species; midoxygen sites with single and double occupancy are less populated. The spectroscopic data are consistent with nearly nonhydrogen‐bonded H3O+ ions having a slightly distorted C3v pyramidal structure. The fully hydrated β‐alumina, on the other hand, appears to contain also higher species such as H5O2+ and H7O3+. The former is believed to have an unsymmetrical structure, H3O+H2O, with terminal groups hydrogen bonded to the oxygen atoms of spinel blocks. The latter is characterized by OH stretching bands similar to thos...


Doubling pool storage and tripling truck cask shipping capability appear feasible based on preliminary development work performed at the BNFP. This would be accomplished by disassembly of the fuel assembly and canning of the fuel pins. The dry, remote disassembly and canning in the headend cells offer adequate rates, easily controlled operator exposure, and visual inspection of the fuel pins and operations through shielded windows.


Objective To investigate the effect of the minimally invasive pecutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL)by holmium laser in management of impacted upper ureteric calculi,comparing with thans-urethral ureteroscope lithotripsy(URL) by holmium laser.Methods Seventy-four cases were analyzed including the average time of lithotripsy,the rate of the overall fragment,the rate of the stonecompletely expelled,the average hospital stay,and the rate of complications.Results Thirty-eight patients were treated by MPCNL and 36 were treated by URL.After MPCNL,the average time of lithotripsy was(30.6±10.8)min,the overall fragment rate was 100%(35/35),the stone-free rate was 97.1%(34/35) in 3 days postoperation,and it was 100%(35/35) in 1 month postoperation.The average hospital stay was(5.6±1.1)days.A patient got fever postoperation.After URL,the average time of lithotripsy was(51.7±11.6)min,the overall fragment rate was 86.1%(31/36),the stone-free rate was 66.7%(24/36)in 3 days postoperation,and it was 83.3%(30/36)in 1 month postoperation.The average hospital stay was(3.2±1.2)days.Four patients were treated by the auxiliary extracorporesl shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL),the stone was completely expelled.the overall fragment rate and the stone-free rate of MPCNL were better than that of URL(P0.05).Conclusion Combinated with holmium laser,both MPCNL and URL in treatment of impacted upper ureteric calculi were effective.


A triphenylphosphine mediated direct trifluoromethylthiolation of indolizine and pyrrole by trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride was developed. The readily accessable reagents and transition metal-free reaction conditions allowed this protocol applicable for large scales synthesis.


Automatic assessment of medical images and endoscopic images in particular is an attractive research topic recent years. To achieve this goal, many tasks must be conducted for example lesions detection, segmentation and classification. In order to design suitable models for such tasks, it would be preferable to know at first: i) which characteristics that differentiate a lesion from a normal region; ii) how large is the boundary of these two regions that still allows to distinguish them. This paper presents an in-depth study of the role of color and texture features for delineation of boundary between a lesion region and a background region. To this end, from the groundtruth contour of a manually segmented lesion, we first expand two margins in two directions. We name inner margin in the lesion region and outer margin in the background region. We then extract color dependent features in different color spaces (HSV, RGB, Lab) and texture features (LBP, HOG, GLCM) on these two margins. Finally we deploy the Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique to classify two classes (lesion and non-lesion). Extensive experiments conducted on a dataset of endoscopic images answer to our aforementioned questions and give some suggestions for designing suitable models of lesion detection in the future.


AbstractChromium is a metal which has both biological and environmental interest. It occurs in nature mostly in two stable oxidation states Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Cr(III) is non-toxic and plays a significant role in carbohydrate and fat metabolism, whereas Cr(VI) is highly toxic (MAC value 50 μg L−1 only). Being a major industrial pollutant, it has a hazardous effect on man, animal and plant life. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to develop a highly selective and sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of Cr(III), Cr(VI) and total Cr in various water samples. Cr(VI) is extracted with N-hydroxy-N, N'-diphenylbenzamidine in chloroform over 0.2–0.8 M HCI and for total Cr the sample is oxidised before extraction. The extracts are separately reacted with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide in strong hydrochloric acid media to give a red-violet coloured compound having a molar absorptivity of (9.10) x 104 L mor−1cm−1 at λmax 540 nm. The difference between the two gives the value for Cr(II...


The proton spin-lattice relaxation times of KCH3COO, Ba(CH3COO)2, Cd(CH3COO)2 and Ca(CH3COO)2 have been measured over the temperature range 300-310K at 15, 30 and 52 MHz Larmor frequencies. The relaxation times have been found to be frequency-independent within the limits of the experimental errors and the results exhibit minima at 41, 40, 38 and 52K respectively. The low-temperature results have been explained by tunnelling rotation of the methyl groups and the tunnelling frequencies of the ground and the first excited states of the methyl group rotator levels of the compounds have been determined. Also the energy separations between the ground and the first excited states have been deduced. The experimental results at higher temperatures of T1 minima display hindered rotation, and around room temperature nearly free rotation of the methyl groups.


This study sought to determine whether Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour could be used to predict the intention of selected Zimbabwean business school students towards sustainable entrepreneurship. The study also examined whether the relationships between the predictor variables of the theory of planned behaviour and sustainable entrepreneurial intention were moderated by the respondents' individualistic value orientations. A positivist worldview and a quantitative cross-sectional survey were used to collect data from 210 business school students who had completed postgraduate entrepreneurship courses at two public universities in the western region of Zimbabwe. The predictors of the hypothetical model explained 49 percent of the variance in respondents' intentions to pursue sustainable entrepreneurship. Only the attitude toward the behaviour variable had a statistically significant direct impact on sustainable entrepreneurial intention. Subjective norms had an indirect effect on sustainable entrepreneurial intention, which was entirely mediated by attitude toward behaviour. Individualistic values had no statistically significant moderating effect on the relationships between the predictors of intention and the intention to engage in sustainable entrepreneurship. The study's findings have implications for business schools' efforts to contribute to the goal of sustainable development. The study contributes to the development of the literature by evaluating the relevance of the theory of planned behaviour to sustainable entrepreneurship.


Textbook theory seems to be at the farthest level from the most abstract categories, and it is repeatedly associated with in the current study. The connection of the principal fundamental categories of invariance and binarism are not even superficially traced to the traditional textbook theory inventory. The numerous conceptions of predication predominantly deal with its logical frames. The aim of the chapter is to explicate some hidden links between the levels of the conceptual vertical. The idea of invariance is embodied by the continuous iteration of binary predicative units originally incompressible in terms of their constituents and structure. Binary opposition is the category indissolubly active at every stage of speech generation. There have been found four functional patterns produced by a particular predicative operation. Each pattern correlates with all types of speech but to various extents, accenting some of them. They are parallel transfer, inverse transformation, convergent or divergent pivot structuring, and zooming.


The development of creative abilities of students is highly important for their efficient studies and future vocational activity. The profound adoption of knowledge system, stimulating participating in researches, conducted in educational institutions, independent work, support of scientific interests. The author connects creative issues, person's creativity with the shift to competence-oriented educational standard. The process of forming competences of the specialist-to-be and his creative development are presented by a dialectic unity, revealed in self-realization and person's self-efficiency.


In recent years, facial expression recognition has become a useful scheme for computers to affectively understand the emotional state of human beings. Facial representation and facial expression recognition under unconstrained environments have been two critical issues for facial expression recognition systems. This thesis contributes to the research and development of facial expression recognition systems from two aspects: first, feature extraction for facial expression recognition, and second, applications to challenging conditions. Spatial and temporal feature extraction methods are introduced to provide effective and discriminative features for facial expression recognition. The thesis begins with a spatial feature extraction method. This descriptor exploits magnitude while it improves local quantized pattern using improved vector quantization. It also makes the statistical patterns domain-adaptive and compact. Then, the thesis discusses two spatiotemporal feature extraction methods. The first method uses monogenic signal analysis as a preprocessing stage and extracts spatiotemporal features using local binary pattern. The second method extracts sparse spatiotemporal features using sparse cuboids and spatiotemporal local binary pattern. Both methods increase the discriminative capability of local binary pattern in the temporal domain. Based on feature extraction methods, three practical conditions, including illumination variations, facial occlusion and pose changes, are studied for the applications of facial expression recognition. First, with near-infrared imaging technique, a discriminative component-based single feature descriptor is proposed to achieve a high degree of robustness and stability to illumination variations. Second, occlusion detection is proposed to dynamically detect the occluded face regions. A novel system is further designed for handling effectively facial occlusion. Lastly, multiview discriminative neighbor preserving embedding is developed to deal with pose change, which formulates multi-view facial expression recognition as a generalized eigenvalue problem. Experimental results on publicly available databases show that the effectiveness of the proposed approaches for the applications of facial expression recognition.


Sub-sampling of potato plants was assessed as a practical tool for monitoring Bactericera cockerelli, tomato-potato psyllid (TPP) and other key pests and their predators at Pukekohe. The total numbers of the key insect species and all their life stages on: (1) the bottom leaf; (2) a middle leaf (the bottom leaf on the top half of the stem); (3) the bottom half of the stem; and (4) the top half of the stem, were compared with numbers on the whole stem. Assessing the top half of the stem was the most reliable sub-sampling method for the three main insects sampled, while assessing a middle leaf also gave a reliable estimate for two out of the three insects. A crop scouting protocol for monitoring TPP infestations based on sampling 100 middle leaves off 50 randomly selected plants in a crop is now recommended by the potato industry in New Zealand.


We examine the bias in the Miller-Orr cash management model that arises from using a sample estimate for the variance of the net cash flow. The target cash balance is biased downward because the model is nonlinear in the net cash flow variance and its true value is unknown and must be estimated. Simulation analysis is used to measure the magnitude of the bias. We examine techniques for reducing bias in the model.


In the era of transportation development and technological sophistication, humans tend to choose transportation that is fast and affordable. The Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) train of Jakarta, has become one of the choices for Jakarta public transportation in its activities. Inaugurated on March 24, 2019, several problems were complained by passengers, namely regarding the perception of ease of transaction and customer value. The Influence of Perceived Ease of Transaction on the satisfaction of passengers of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta based on statistical results it can be said that  Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta passengers have partially significant satisfaction to use Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta in accordance with the Transaction Ease Perception. Satisfaction with Perception of Ease of Transaction as easy to learn, easy to use, clear, easy to understand, skilled. The Influence of Customer Value on the satisfaction of passengers of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta based on statistical results it can be said that Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta passengers have partially significant satisfaction to use Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta in accordance with Ticket Prices that have been paid out. Satisfaction of Customer Value paid is due to added value, suitability of costs with benefits, ease of obtaining services, emotional value. The Influence of Perceived Ease of Transaction and Customer Value on the satisfaction of passengers of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta based on statistical results can be said that Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta passengers have significant simultaneous satisfaction to use Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta in accordance with Ticket Prices, Facilities and Ease of Transaction Ease. The satisfaction of passengers of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta towards the Perception of Ease of Transaction and Customer Value that are jointly felt are satisfaction of punctuality, satisfaction of completeness of facilities, satisfaction of price suitability, satisfaction of departure schedules, and satisfaction of functions and facilities.Keywords: Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta, Facilities, Perception Ease of Transaction, Customer Value


Organisational socialisation scholars endlessly call for investigations on individuals' self-initiated activities during the transition into a new workplace. The current study aims to discover newcomers as active agents of their socialisation, through identifying the impact of newcomers' self-leadership on their socialisation into a new workplace. The present study was conducted with hundred and nineteen newcomers (male = 68, female = 51) who have less than one-year work experience in the current organisation working in the banking sector of Sri Lanka. Hierarchical multiple regression was utilised to analyse the data. Results indicated that the three-component of self-leadership: behaviour-focused strategies, natural rewards strategies, and cognitive thought strategies had a significant impact on newcomers socialisation, and these three components of self-leadership explain 35.9% of the variance in newcomers socialisation. Newcomers' profile variables (gender, marital status, age, and type of appointment) have no influence either on the three components of self-leadership or organisational socialisation. This study, by identifying the impact of the three parts of self- leadership on newcomers' socialisation in Sri Lankan context extends the organisational socialisation literature and help both organisation and newcomers to understand individuals' role in the socialisation process.


AIM: The basic principle of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is the electromagnetic induction: depending on the field strenght (up to 2 Tesla) neurons are frequency-dependent stimulated or inhibited. This method allows a non-invasive and painless investigation of sensomotoric and higher cortical functions. Brain imaging studies can visualise cerebral perfusion and metabolism, as they are influenced by rTMS. The aim of our study was to analyse the patterns of regional cerebral glucose uptake rate (rCMRGlu) and regional 99m Tc HMPAO uptake rate (rCBF) simultaneously during a treatment course of rTMS at low frequency. METHODS: Four drug resistant depressed patients underwent 10 rTMS as add-on measure over 14 days. One day before and one day after TMS series 511 KeV SPECT with 18 F-FDG and 99m Tc HMPAO simultaneous measurements were carried out. We used a standard double-head camera with a 511-keV-collimator. The two isotope doses were injected simultaneously. Acquisition was done with a double-isotope, three-window technique, where the third window was used for the registration of compton scatter. After applying Chang's attenuation correction and a simultaneous reorientation of the two datasets, a semiquantitative evaluation with 16 regions per hemisphere was performed. RESULTS: All patients showed a good clinical outcome. Statistically significant common changes of rCBF and rCMRGlu pattern were found in the upper frontal regions bilaterally in terms of increased uptake rates and in the left orbitofrontal cortex in terms of decreased uptake rates of both isotopes compared to controls. Furthermore, the lateralisation pattern of rCBF and rCMRGlu after rTMS treatment revealed marked differences. Thus, despite no relevant changes of lateralisation on the glucose uptake were observed, a clear right-sided preponderance of rCBF also in areas remote from the stimulation side was described. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic rTMS seems to influence distinct, cortical regions affecting rCBF Quetiapine is a novel antipsychotic substance with relative short half-life and low affinity for D2 dopamine receptors. PET and SPECT studies demonstrated individually different D2 receptor occupancy during quetiapine monotherapy.


Quantum key distribution schemes which employ encoding on vacuum-one-photon qubits are capable of transferring more information bits per particle than the standard schemes employing polarization or phase coding. We calculate the maximum number of classical bits per particle that can be securely transferred when the key distribution is performed with the BB84 and B92 protocols, respectively, using the vacuum-one-photon qubits. In particular, we show that for a generalized B92 protocol with the vacuum-one-photon qubits, a maximum of two bits per particle can be securely transferred. We also demonstrate the advantage brought about by performing a generalized measurement that is optimized for unambiguous discrimination of the encoded states: the parameter range where the transfer of two bits per particle can be achieved is dramatically enhanced as compared to the corresponding parameter range of projective measurements.


How lone mothers combine being mothers with employment has become a central policy issue in many western countries. But policy making is dominated by the operational assumption that lone mothers are 'rational actors' who make individual utility calculations about the costs and benefits of taking up paid work. This is what we have called the 'rationality mistake', for evidence shows that decisions are still made rationally, but with a different sort of rationality. In this article we use a case-study from Norway to explore this issue further. Norway is unusual in having a 'designer benefit' – the transitional allowance – exclusively for lone mothers. Before 1998, the transitional allowance positioned lone mothers as mothers at home, whereas after 1998 policy places lone mothers – after the first three years of motherhood – as workers in employment. The policy lever of benefit change was supposed to change how lone mothers – as rational economic actors – behave. Using an intensive research design, we find that lone mothers employ a moral and relational rationality which usually means that both the pre and post-1998 policy would act more as a constraint than an enabler on their behaviour.


Through the frame of the Sumerian myth of Inanna, this essay explores Joseph Campbell's body of work on the hero's journey and living mythology. Particular focus is placed on examining both the place of woman as hero and the symbol of woman for the (male) hero in Campbell's work. This essay suggests that Campbell's theories present both possibilities and problems from the perspective of feminist analysis for the representation of woman as hero.


The contents of dioxins in stack gas and fly ash samples taken from an electric arc furnace(EAF) in China were analyzed.The results showed that the average Toxic Equivalent Quantity(TEQ) concentrations of PCDD/Fs in stack gas and hood emissions were 0.13 and 0.17(ng/m~3) respectively.The PCDD/Fs TEQ concentrations in fly ash samples from two bag filters were 7.5 and 55.0(ng/kg) respectively.The concentration of congeners increased with increasing chlorination level for PCDDs,while concentrations of PCDFs were much higher than those of PCDDs.This indicated that de novo synthesis may dominate the formation mechanism of dioxins in EAF.


Organic farming is recognized as an important system of agriculture and food production, that is environmentally sustainable and can generate several positive impacts to rural society. The development of organic farming in Cambodia is in its early stage. Thus, the objectives of this research were to identify the farmers' perception on organic rice farming and to analyze the economic effects of the system. Data collection was carried out through a pretested interview schedule, two types of questionnaires and a personal observation schedule while descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed with the use of statistical package for the social sciences or SPSS software. The results showed that the majority of farmers converted their farms into organic farms because of premium prices on organic products and 15% increase from their farm incomes compared to conventional farms. Adapting organic rice farming is able to increase rice yields by 5% accounting from 2.46 to 2.59 tons per hectare. The increased amounts of rice production were equivalent to 21%. Furthermore, organic farming systems could be more stable since the analysis of its economic efficiency was higher than conventional farming system.


We examined the possible influence of the parental culturing pattern on offspring reproductive strategy, as an implication for chronic toxicity tests. Clutch sizes of F0 daphnids living in groups were smaller than those of living singly. Clutch sizes of F1 daphnids living singly were bigger then those of living in groups. However, the clutch size of F2 daphnids living alone were not significantly different from the clutch sizes of F1 daphnids living singly. Neonates intended for chronic toxicity tests should be F1 deriving from the daphnids (F0) taken out of the batch cultures as neonates, living singly.


he therapy of climacteric complaints with estrogens and/or estrogengestagen combinations is undisputedly effective and presumably mostly safe for a short therapy duration. Longterm hormone therapy (HT) for the prevention of osteoporosis, the prevention of cardiovascular illnesses and for the increase of cognitive capacities in advanced age, however, does not appear justifiable any longer in light of the results of the WHI study, which among other risks has confirmed an increased risk of breast cancer for estrogengestagen combinations and an increased risk of apoplexy for pure estrogen substitution. Even if the increase in the relative risk to develop a Mamma carcinoma under HT or to suffer a stroke, appears to be small; for the concerned women, however, these events have elementary and lifethreatening consequences. Climacteric complaints represent a polysymptomatic clinical picture consisting of vegetative and psychical components (fig. 1). The complexity of the complaints in connection with the fact that the pharmacotherapy may have to last several months or even years in order to accompany the patient through the climacterics makes the approach of using and T


Brand experience has been
considered a tactical tool that satisfies consumers' needs and allows them to
engage with the brands. Considering the global economic slowdown, China's
traditional museums are less visited and the sales of relevant products (e.g.
souvenirs) are declining. With a combination of literature review and primary
research, the study has drawn a positive conclusion that brand experience
(sensory, affective, behavior and intellectual) can effectively motivate
people's intention to revisit and purchase in museums in China. Therefore, the
study will give important implications to the insights of consumers' experience
preferences and will guide an upgraded marketing strategy for the development
of museums.


OBJECTIVE To explore therapeutic effects of Erigeron breviscapus and mechanisms of cerebral vascular spasm(CVS)after experimental Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).METHODS Forty-eight SD rats were divided randomly into four groups:control group,cerebral vasospasm group,Erigeron breviscapus group and Nimotip group.Experimental SAH in SD rats was made by injecting blood for two times.Basilar artery diameter changes were monitored by stereotype microscopy.The levels of ET-1 in plasm and NO in serum were measured by radioimmunoassay,enzymology,respectively at different times.RESULTS Compared with cerebral vasospasms group,basilar artery diameters in Erigeron breviscapus group dilated significently(P0.01).The levels of ET-1 in plasma were increased,yet NO were decreased in cerebral vasospasm group compared with control group(P0.01).In Erigeron breviscapus group,the levels of ET-1 were decreased and NO increased compared with cerebral vasospasm(P0.01).CONCLUSION Eigeron breviscapus can inhibit increase of ET-1 and decrease of NO to prevent and treat CVS following SAH.


I N [4] I offered an analysis of what it means to be (entirely) about a subject matter. I first repeat that analysis. Then I define several relations of relevance, for instance, between the premise and conclusion of an implication. I show that whenever a premise implies a conclusion, in the ordinary sense of truth-preservation, then also the premise is relevant to the conclusion in the sense of the present analysis. Pace Anderson and Belnap [l], there can be no such thing as a truth-preserving "fallacy of relevance". Finally I remark that this does not by any means do away with all motivations for relevant logic.


This study examines the policies and occurrences of occupational health hazards among library personnel in private universities in the Southwest, Nigeria. A total population of 177 respondents from 15 privately owned universities were used for the study. The research instrument used in the collection of data was a questionnaire. The result of the study shows that most respondents have experienced occupational health hazards. The study also revealed that muscle strain, back aches, eye problems, and respiratory diseases are the most prevalent occupational health hazards experienced by library personnel. The study identified manual handling of library materials, constant exposure of the eyes to computer screens, inhaling of chemicals and dust, as well as long sitting position as the main causes of occupational health hazards among staff. Most respondents indicated that their organizations are not implementing policies on occupational health hazards. Recommendations were made on how to address the various issues raised.


We describe a 45 year-old woman with a randomly discovered cavernous malformation of the cervical cord following investigation for neck injury. She had multiple brain cavernomas increasing in number over the following two years. She was finally diagnosed with familial cavernomatosis due to a PDCD10 mutation (CCM3).


This paper describes an improved Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (JAWS) at PTB. The improvements led to a more user-friendly JAWS system with a lower complexity. JAWS arrays which deliver a pure sine wave spectrum have been developed. Preliminary measurements of AC-AC differences in the frequency range from 125 Hz to 20 kHz are presented.


Psychometric instruments have been underutilized by counselor educators in performance assessment and program evaluation efforts. As such, we conducted a review of the literature that revealed 41 instruments fit for such efforts. We described and critiqued these instruments along four dimensions—Target Domain, Format, Psychometrics, and Frequency of Use.


Objective:To investigate association of TIM1 sequence variations with HIV/AIDS progression. Introduction:HIV-1 infected individuals have wide variations in disease progression including AIDS. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin 1 (TIM1) is a cell surface protein involved in the regulation of Th1/Th2 immune response. Materials and methods:We sequenced the highly polymorphic exon 4 of TIM1 from 246 individuals of HIV-1 infected Thai female cohort to determine their TIM1 haplotypes. Associations of TIM1 haplotypes with baseline clinical data (sero-status, plasma viral load, CD4 cell count, and symptomatic AIDS) and survival status during 3 years of follow-up were evaluated. Results:Seven TIM1 haplotypes, D3-A, D4, D3-C, D1, W-A, W-C, and D3-C*, were found in the cohort. Patients possessing the D3-A haplotype showed trends towards higher CD4+ cell count (P = 0.06) and lower proportion of AIDS-related symptoms (P = 0.022) than the other patients at the baseline. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that patients carrying the D3-A haplotype had a better survival rates (P = 0.019) than the others. D3-A haplotypes was tightly linked to the lower expression levels of TIM1. Conclusion:TIM1 D3-A haplotype is associated with the delay of disease progression to AIDS in the HIV-1 infected Thai females.


Many atmospheric contaminants decay or react in the atmosphere. In situations such as the diffusion of radioactive contaminants, certain chemical pollutants and viable microorganisms, a first-order decay rate is considered to be an appropriate model. The conventional method of estimating the downwind concentrations from a continuous point source of these decaying contaminants is to multiply the estimated concentration of an equivalent amount of a conserved pollutant by the factor exp(-kx/u-bar) in which k is the first-order decay rate, x the downwind distance and u-bar the wind speed. In this paper, the statistical diffusion theory is extended to incorporate first-order decay. The statistical theory shows that there is a distribution of the local age of the contaminant at any point downwind. Since this distribution is skewed toward ages less than the travel time x/u-bar, the proposed theory predicts higher concentrations than the conventional approach for a pollutant that decays at a first-order rate. The difference is a function of sigma/sup 2//sub x/k/xu-bar. If this term is very small, the two approaches are in good agreement. If this term is large, the predictions of the proposed model are higher.


4G networks are a network that will merge various networks such as CDMA2000, Wireless LAN and WCDMA into an IP-based network that will be available globally to everyone. 4G technology is a very complex technology of integrating different new techniques, and 4G services for a higher speed wireless Internet access and it will be dominated by 4G wide area cellular networks, wired Internet and hot-spot wireless LANs, which will complement each other to provide ubiquitous high-speed wireless Internet connectivity to mobile users. In such integrated environment, these varying networks combination may cause bandwidth disparity issues because of different network conditions. From Lucent research, studies show that the Internet characteristics in bandwidth utilization that relates to request amounts to one fourth of the reply. WLAN bandwidth is much wider then cellular network. For the CDMA2000-WLAN integrated system, inside the overlapping coverage area, users would prefer to access the Internet through the WLAN network for higher data rates. This is a disadvantage since WLAN network will be busy whereas CDMA2000 network resources not fully used. For this reason, we thought that efficiently utilizing the bandwidth disparity of the two networks is necessary and great advantage for the integrated system to get higher data rates and larger capacity. Thus, this research focused on the bandwidth disparity issue and considered to utilize this kind of disparity efficiently to send request through cellular network and get reply through WLAN network according to Internet characteristics. In order to solve this problem, we propose Dual-bandwidth data path and design a new protocol named Bandwidth Optimization Control Protocol (BOCP) for the integrated architecture of CDMA2000 and WLAN. The designed BOCP protocol has been simulated in ns2 Java version simulator. The results show that the Dual-bandwidth data path has been established within CDMA2000 and WLAN networks and achieved higher data rates.


Channel 16 of the VHF radio band is the most commonly used way of communication between vessels. Although there are strict rules not to use it for routine communication, many officers neglect them. When Digital Selective Calling (DSC) had been presented to the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) system, it was no longer obligatory to keep a watch on channel 16, however, on the waters of the United States such an obligation is still in force. Officers find DSC system quite difficult to use so the European countries should revise their politics and consider restoration of obligatory watchkeeping on channel 16.


Measurements of N2O production (release of free N2O), nitrification, and denitrification were made simultaneously in NH4Cl- and KNO3-amended suspensions of marine sediment. An open flow system was designed for the application of low partial pressures of O2 (0–10 kPa) to the sediment. The overall rate of N2O production increased dramatically at the lowest O2 tensions (0–0.2 kPa) and had a maximum at complete anoxia. The specific rates of N2O production from nitrification (N2On) and from denitrification (N2Od) were determined after separation of the processes with inhibitors. Within the range of 0–0.2 kPa O2, the rate of N2On production showed an apparent maximum of 0.1 kPa O2 where the production accounted for 25% of the total activity of nitrification ( oxidation). The rate of N2Od production, however, continued to increase as the O2 fell to zero. The proportion of N2Od to the total N2Od plus N2 produced from denitrification increased at the higher O2 tensions and reached the maximum of about 50% at 5 kPa...


Targeting the adjustment of the errors-in-variables (EIV) model with equality and inequality constraints, a general solution that is similar to the classical least square adjustment is proposed based on the penalty function and the weight in measurement. Firstly, we take the equality constraints as inequality constraints that do not satisfy the constraint conditions and construct the penalty functions of equality and inequality constraints, respectively. Thus, the inequality constrained optimization problem is transformed into an unconstrained optimization problem. Then the detailed calculation formula and approximate accuracy evaluation formula of the general solution are deduced. The iteration formula of the general solution is easy regarding comprehension and applicable in implementation. It can not only solve the EIV model with equality and inequality constraints respectively, but also address the EIV model with equality and inequality constraints simultaneously. In addition, it can promote the Gauss–Markov (G-M) model with equality and inequality constraints. Finally, three examples (i.e., equality constraints, inequality constraints and those with equality and inequality constraints) are validated, indicating that the general solution is effective and feasible. The results show that the general solution is effective and feasible.


Roughly eighty percent of kidney stones are calcium oxalate‐based. Oxalate is found both in diet and synthesized in the liver. Furthermore, blood‐borne oxalate likely undergoes enteroenteric recirculation via transporters in the small intestine (SLC26A6, secretory) and colon (SLC26A3, absorptive). There is a great need for pharmacotherapeutic options to prevent and treat calcium‐oxalate kidney stones. Furthermore, methods for quantifying oxalate in biological matrices are costly and time consuming.


A cross-sectoral approach to improve food and nutrition in the Pomurje region, as part of a wider regional initiative to improve health and well-being, involves various community based/run projects, among which is included a project on strengthening …


People have quality education idea since ancient time.This paper discusses several aspects of the Confusianist quality education in the per-Qin days,such as its basic ideas educational goal and demands of the teacher'squailty.Although it had its time limit,the Confusianist quality education idea met the needs of the development feudal society.So it was progressive and is a great inspiration to us in our quailty education today.


1 The injection of 100 or 300 μg of carrageenin into the mouse paw or pleural cavity produced a delayed inflammatory reaction at 48 h while platelet activating factor (PAF)‐induced paw oedema and pleurisy were maximal 30 min after its injection. 2 The PAF antagonist, WEB 2086, failed to inhibit mouse paw oedema and pleurisy induced by PAF, but reduced the first phase of oedema (1–4 h) induced by carrageenin without interfering with the second one (48–72 h). In contrast, another structurally‐related PAF antagonist, WEB 2170, inhibited dose‐dependently both oedema and pleurisy induced by PAF and by carrageenin (48 h). 3 Repeated injections of PAF into the mouse paw or pleural cavity led to significant auto‐desensitization. The animals desensitized to PAF and injected with carrageenin also displayed a significantly reduced oedema. 4 Our results suggest that PAF may be involved in the inflammatory response to carrageenin in mice. Furthermore, because the different receptor antagonists displayed distinct effects against PAF itself, different sites for in vivo interaction of PAF are available and are species‐ and drug‐dependent.


A fine-grained question authorization scheme with integrity verification is proposed primarily based totally on Density primarily based totally Space-filling Curve (DSC). The proposed scheme extricates the appropriation of the re- appropriated POIs, and makes use of the non-uniform parcel withinside the spatial area. Each divided district includes curve obstacles for spatial extrade in that locale, and the parceled districts with a comparable length scale are consolidated. Then, the curve obstacles of those mixed locales are refreshed primarily based totally at the obstacles in their sub districts. These curve obstacles are indicated because the extrade keys evaluating to those consolidated areas. The extrade keys are coordinated in a quad tree shape, and tree hubs at diverse ranges examine to distinct spatial locales, which empowers the fine-grained question cap potential authorization. Moreover, the proposed scheme creates digests facts for every parceled vicinity, which can be then coordinated in a quadtree shape for question end result verification. Tree hubs at diverse ranges examine to diverse spatial districts, and the pertaining to digests are applied for question end result verification. Subsequently, the fine-grained verification potential authorization is upheld, which suggests simply the customers with the verification shape referring to the authorised vicinity can verify the integrity of the question end result.


Provided is a method for adjusting a screen magnification of an electronic device, which is capable of adjusting the screen magnification of an electronic device with a simple operation. The method includes displaying a dots per inch (DPI) setting screen to adjust a screen magnification of an object that is displayed on a display unit of the electronic device; receiving information on changed DPI through the DPI setting screen; calculating a screen magnification using the changed DPI and a preset device-independent pixel (DIP); and changing the size of the object to correspond to the calculated screen magnification, and displaying the object according to the changed size.


No. 020-0287 A Methodology for the Planning of Worksheet Inventory in Tuition Centers Following the Systematic Progression of Students through Levels Author: Iris Ann G. Martinez, Ph.D. Associate Professor and Department Chair Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City 1112 Philippines e-mail: email@example.com Tel. No.: 63-2-9818500 extension 3149 POMS 22 nd Annual Conference


This study aims to analyze the differences in stock liquidity before and after the stock split and to analyze the differences in abnormal returns before and after the stock split in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period. Sampling of 43 companies using purposive sampling technique. Hypothesis testing uses the Paired Sample T Test for data that is normally distributed and the Wilcoxon Rank Test for data that is not normally distributed. The results of the study concluded that there were no differences in stock liquidity before and after the stock split and there were differences in abnormal returns before and after the stock split.