Molecular outflows contributing to the matter cycle of star forming galaxies are now observed in small and large systems at low and high redshift. Their physical origin is still unclear. In most theoretical studies only warm ionised/neutral and hot gas outflowing from the interstellar medium is generated by star formation. We investigate an in-situ H2 formation scenario in the outflow using high-resolution simulations, including non-equilibrium chemistry and self-gravity, of turbulent, warm, and atomic clouds with densities 0.1, 0.5 and 1cm−3 exposed to a magnetised hot wind. For cloud densities & 0.5cm−3 a magnetised wind triggers H2 formation before cloud dispersal. Up to 3 per cent of the initial cloud mass can become molecular on ∼ 10Myr time scales. The effect is stronger for winds with perpendicular B-fields and intermediate density clouds (nc ∼ 0.5cm−3). Here H2 formation can be boosted by up to one order of magnitude compared to isolated cooling clouds independent of self-gravity. Self-gravity preserves the densest clouds way past their ∼ 15Myr cloud crushing time scales. This model could provides a plausible in-situ origin for the observed molecular gas. Warm ionised gas is also generated, almost independent of the cloud density. The amount solely depend on the magnetic field configuration in the wind. For low density clouds (0.1cm−3), the forming warm ionised gas can be as much as 60 per cent of the initially atomic cloud mass. This could contribute to observations of outflows with ionised gas sensitive tracers.


The seafloor stores crucial information on sub-seafloor processes, including stress, elastic strain, and earthquakes. This information may be extracted through the nascent scientific field of seafloor geodesy. The GeoSEA (Geodetic Earthquake Observatory on the SEAfloor) array uses acoustic signals for direct-path ranging and relative positioning at mm-scale resolution for a period of up to 3.5 years. The transponders also include high-precision pressure sensors to monitor vertical movements and dual-axis inclinometers in order to measure their altitude as well as any change in submarine fault zones and characterizing their behavior (locked or aseismically creeping). A further component of the network is GeoSURF, a self-steering autonomous surface vehicle (Wave Glider), which monitors system health and is able to upload the seafloor data to the sea surface and to transfer it via satellite. Seafloor transponders are currently installed across a dextral strike-slip fault to measure the instability of the eastern flank of Mt Etna in Sicily, along the North Anatolian Fault offshore Istanbul to measure the strain build-up along the fault in a seismic gap. In addition, three arrays are currently deployed on the marine forearc and outer rise of the South American subduction system around 21°S. This segment of the Nazca-South American plate boundary has last ruptured in an earthquake in 1877 and was identified as a seismic gap prior to the 2014 Iquique earthquake (Mw 8.1). The southern portion of the segment remains unbroken by a recent earthquake. The first 12 month of all geodetic installations were analyzed and we discuss baselines with precision less 5 mm for ranges up to 2000 m of distance and compare them to synthetics baselines. The North Anatolian across-fault baseline changes remains within the resolution and preclude fault-displacement rates larger a few millimeters-per-year, which suggests a locked fault zone.


One of the concerns of Financial Theory is the price anomaly in financial markets. Price anomaly is a seasonal phenomenon. Electoral periods affect financial markets. The general expectation is that stock exchanges will rise before the election and fall later on. In the study, 12 European Countries and Japanese and American stock exchanges have been viewed. This situation occurred in 45 of 65 viewed electoral periods. Statistically significant price anomalies give different results for each electoral period.


A number of More-than-Moore (MtM) devices use Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) wafers, including power devices and CMOS image sensors. Non-contact capacitance-voltage (CV) and photoluminescence measurements are well established for characterization of dielectrics and minority carrier lifetime on bulk Si wafers. In this study, we extend these measurements to More-Than-Moore (MtM) Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) device wafers.


A hernia is defined as the protrusion of a loop of an organ through an abnormal opening. The more specific hernia that is the focus of this Evidence-Based Report Card, peristomal herniation, is defined as protrusion of bowel through an abnormal opening created by a weakness or interruption of the abdominal wall fascia adjacent to the stoma.1 Clinical manifestations include an unsightly or bothersome bulge adjacent to the stoma, difficulty pouching, difficulty maintaining a seal when a new pouch is applied, pressure or discomfort associated with stretching of the hernia ring, and intermittent bowel obstructions or acute abdominal pain associated with incarceration of the bowel within the hernia sac. The clinical diagnosis of a peristomal hernia requires assessment of the patient in a prone, standing, and sitting position. Attention is paid to the peristomal area, noting a bulging area in the area immediately around the stoma. This bulge should disappear when the patient is prone, because the intraabdominal pressure is lessened. A digital examination done with the patient performing a Valsalva maneuver will reveal an enlarged fascial ring.1 Although the physical assessment of the patient will provide evidence of a peristomal hernia, a computed tomography (CT) scan will provide the definite diagnosis.1 An in-depth bowel history should be taken to establish normal function and compare to the present function now that the patient has noted the bulge around the stoma. Evaluation for the presence of intermittent obstructive symptoms is important. A history typical of a patient with fecal stoma and a peristomal hernia will include periods of non-bowel activity during physically active times, followed by high output during times of a prone position (such as sleeping). An analysis of 16,470 patients in the United Ostomy Association's patient registry reveals that the prevalence of peristomal herniations is approximately 30%.2 Reports of the incidence of peristomal hernias vary from 6.5% to as high as 62.5%.1-12 Variability in these reports can be attributed to many factors, including sampling differences (some studies were limited to urinary diversions, whereas others were limited to fecal diversions or a particular type of fecal diversion), to the underlying definition of what constitutes a hernia (some include any herniation, whereas others include only symptomatic hernias or those deemed appropriate for surgical repair), or to reporting methods (some relied on self-report, whereas others were based on physical or imaging studies).1,11,12 Cheung reviewed 322 stomas and found that half of the peristomal hernias occurred within 2 years of initial ostomy surgery.13 The median time for peristomal hernias to appear in end sigmoid colostomies was 15.3 months, and the median time for herniation in patients with ileal conduits was 22.4 months. When all diversions were combined, 24% occurred in the first year after surgery and 50% after the first 2 years after surgery.


The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the Human Development Bonus on health and education spending in Ecuador using Propensity Score Matching. We use microdata obtained from the 2013-2014 Living Conditions Survey published by the National Institute of Statistics and Census of Ecuador. We estimate two sets of models. In the first, we estimate OLS regressions, where the dependent variable is the amount spent on health and education and the independent variable is whether or not the person receives the Human Development Bonus. In the second, using discrete choice models, we estimate the effect of receiving the BDH on the probability that a person spends on education and health. In order to reduce the bias produced by the non-comparability of the data, we compare the results with PSM and without PSM between those who receive the transfer and those who do not. The results show that BDH beneficiaries spend less on health and education than those who do not. These results are consistent with the incorporation of a set of control variables related to the socioeconomic characteristics of the families. A possible policy implication based on our results is that the conditioned monetary transfer is not fulfilling the objectives of its creation. Consequently, social policies should guarantee that this type of programs are not an instrument of dependence that limits the capacities of people because this prevents the reduction of poverty and inequality.


Ever since I began to pay especial attention to the accessory sinuses of the nose, it seemed to me that the post-mortem findings of several investigators in sinus disease and pulmonary tuberculosis appeared unreconcilable with clinical findings. Frankel, 1 in necropsies on forty-five patients who died from pulmonary tuberculosis, found that the sinuses were diseased and that sixteen, or about 35 per cent., contained pathologic secretion. Harke 2 found inflammatory exudate in one or both of the maxillary antra of twenty-three patients, or 60 per cent., out of thirty-eight who had died from pulmonary phthisis. Minder 3 discovered four, or about 23 per cent., in seventeen, and Wertheim, 4 thirty-one, or 29 per cent., in 106. The method employed by these investigators to inspect the sinuses closely adhered to the technic of Harke. This consists in peeling back the scalp in front to the eyes, behind to the foramen magnum,


The study reported in this article investigated the proficiency in French of a group of anglophone adult L2 learners of the language, all of whom reported passing regularly for native speakers of French. Tests were administered to these learners to gauge their proficiency in different aspects of French, including a lexico-grammatical measure. A regional accent recognition instrument, which required the correct identification of three French regional accents, formed the subsequent element of the testing process. Questionnaire and narrative data were also collected from participants with respect to their attitudes and motivation as well as their fluency before arrival in France; of the 20 participants, three scored within native ranges on all tasks. With regard to these three, a number of affective variables seemed to play a markedly more important role than maturational factors in the high attainment recorded. In this article, such affective variables will be more closely examined, and their possible role in accounting for the achievement of native-like proficiency in an L2 is explored in some depth.


Taking coal mine belt conveyer intelligent control and protection system as the application background,we introduced the CAN communication controller functions gave the CAN intelligent node hardware circuit design and circuit diagram,discussed what must be noticed in programming from three major part:node initialization,message receiving,message sending of the CAN node software designs,and gived the corresponding program code.


Introduction The purpose of this paper is to present a brief summary and history of the seven original Guggenheim schools. Between 1925 and 1930, the family of Daniel and Harry Guggenheim invested more than $2.6 million in aviation-related programs at Universities around the United States. During this period, funding was given to New York University, the California Institute of Technology, Stanford University, the University of Michigan, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of Washington and the Georgia School (later Institute) of Technology to establish Guggenheim schools of aeronautics. In addition, Harvard University, Syracuse University, Northwestern University, and the University of Akron were given funds to establish research centers. Of the original seven Guggenheim schools, all have active aeronautics programs except New York University, which dropped its aeronautics program in 1973. The remaining six generally rank as top aerospace programs in the country. This paper reviews the history of the Guggenheim schools and research centers, and discusses how the original contributions have led to the existing programs of today.


The European Commission asked the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) to organise a webinar where countries described their approaches and experience with regard to mass testing. In addition, ECDC was requested to gather all available information on mass/universal testing practices from European and non-European countries and provide a scientific opinion on this intervention.


The fatigue life of aeroengine turbine disc presents great dispersion due to the randomness of the basic variables,such as applied load,working temperature,geometrical dimensions and material properties.In order to ameliorate reliability analysis efficiency without loss of reliability,the distributed collaborative response surface method(DCRSM) was proposed,and its basic theories were established in this work.Considering the failure dependency among the failure modes,the distributed response surface was constructed to establish the relationship between the failure mode and the relevant random variables.Then,the failure modes were considered as the random variables of system response to obtain the distributed collaborative response surface model based on structure failure criterion.Finally,the given turbine disc structure was employed to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the presented method.Through the comparison of DCRSM,Monte Carlo method(MCM) and the traditional response surface method(RSM),the results show that the computational precision for DCRSM is more consistent with MCM than RSM,while DCRSM needs far less computing time than MCM and RSM under the same simulation conditions.Thus,DCRSM is demonstrated to be a feasible and valid approach for improving the computational efficiency of reliability analysis for aeroengine turbine disc fatigue life with multiple random variables,and has great potential value for the complicated mechanical structure with multi-component and multi-failure mode.


1 Steady‐state and time‐resolved quantitative microdialysis was used to measure dialysate concentration, extracellular concentration and the in vivo recovery of glucose in rat striatum. 2 The extracellular concentration of glucose, determined by the zero net flux method of Lönnroth, was 350 ± 20 μm and the in vivo recovery was 39 ± 2%. 3 Veratridine caused a steep decrease in dialysate glucose after an initial delay of 7.5 min. When steady‐state glucose levels had been reached in the presence of veratridine the extracellular concentration was reduced to zero, but there was no significant change in in vivo recovery. 4 Measurement of the dynamic changes during the administration of veratridine showed an immediate decrease in extracellular glucose concentration and a steep rise in in vivo recovery, which accounted for the delay in the decrease in dialysate glucose. When extracellular concentration reached zero, in vivo recovery returned to control levels.


The durability of an implant-bone structure depends mainly on the capability of the implants and bone-implant interface to support masticatory forces. The mechanical behavior of both bone and implant varies from one configuration to another and thus, it is still an attractive topic for many researchers in dental biomechanics. This paper investigated stress distribution in four different applications/configurations of commercial implants by employing three dimensional finite element analyses. Fatigue analysis was also conducted to estimate the assembly's life-cycles. The results indicated that the application of a straight abutment is more suitable for a situation where the implant is placed in an ideal position, perpendicular to the occlusal plane. Whereas an angled abutment may be implanted for conditions in which the implant is not placed in a perpendicular position to the occlusal plane. The results were found to be in agreement with the experimental data available in the literature. Although different clinical conditions, using angled abutments, may lead to different severities and regions of crack initiation, approximately infinite life was predicted for all analyzed cases. The abutment geometry whether straight or angled and the implant position, do not have a significant effect on the assembly's life.


Increasing share of renewable energy sources in the electric sector, forces the system operators to include new resources for frequency regulations with fast ramping. Electric vehicles (EVs) with fast charging and short battery reaction time are becoming promising source for frequency regulations. Therefore, it is worthwhile to evaluate EV's abilities and associated cost to participate in the frequency regulation activity. In this paper, we first present a linear model of EV operating in charging/discharging mode and impact of battery degradation during these activities. We then define a cost function for EV operation and its minimization using linear programming. After calculating the optimal operating points of EV, a novel framework was developed to calculate optimal bidding components of EV, regulation capacity and energy cost function to participate in the regulation market. Simulation results show the efficiency of the developed linear model. Results also provide pathways for possible opportunities of revenue stream for the EV owner, by offering the regulation up/down services, without limiting the EV owners level of comfort.


Food defense is the effort to protect food from causing harm to the consumer, including security procedures to mitigate intentional acts of adulteration. To assure entry in new markets, food companies need to develop and implement food defense strategies through third-party certification. Although there are some programs designed to assist food business operators in creating effective food defense strategies, this is still not regarded as a priority by food companies. As a first aim of this work, a first-party audit of two meat-producing industries was performed to verify the implementation of food defense requirements. The second purpose of the work was to compare vulnerabilities identified in those two food industries with the ones detected in other previously certified food units in Portugal. For such, a food defense requirements checklist was prepared for the audit and a private certification database was consulted to compare audit results with those from other food business operators certified by at least one international food defense standard. Audit results revealed that both industries were above 50% in overall compliance regarding food defense requirements; still the main vulnerabilities were related to the lack of a food defense plan, the failure to identify critical areas, ineffective warning systems and no training in food defense. Similar vulnerabilities were detected in other certified national food business operators, leading to the conclusion that implementation of food defense requirements seems to be underestimated. As an intervention strategy proposal, food defense training would be of upmost importance to get staff and managers acquainted with the concept.


The paper aims to study the Beckettian lineage that can be identified in by the Belgian artist Kris Verdonck. Beyond the core reflexion on the relationship between man and machine, this performance, inspired by Beckett's , renews many questions dear to the Irish dramaturg: the manipulation of language, the intermediate status of existence, the separation between subject and object. In an aesthetic approach to , the theme of the homunculus, an artificially-created human prototype, is questioned in particular.


Time series has been a topic in the New Zealand curriculum since 1996. New Zealand is one of the few countries that include time series specifically in the secondary school curriculum. This paper discusses the motivation for its inclusion and examines the changes in the teaching and learning of time series that have occurred since its introduction over 20 years ago. Changes include the integration of data visualisation software into the teaching, learning and assessment of this topic as well as a shift in emphasis to encourage the development of higher levels of reasoning. Challenges and opportunities for teachers and students are identified and pedagogical solutions are presented. The transition between time series at secondary and tertiary levels is discussed.


The WC holder consists of a container for an active agent preparation to be fitted beneath the rim of a toilet and rinsed over when the toilet is flushed, with at least one inlet and outlet for the flush water and a strap (1) for securing it to the toilet bowl edge. At least a part of the lower region, when in the position of use, of the wall (6) limiting the compartment for active agent preparation is penetrable by aqueous fluids with viscosities of up to 3,000 mPas, but not by tenside-containing pastes with viscosities of over 3,000 mPas. The inlets and outlets (8) for the flush water are arranged in the superimposed region. The holder releases the same quantity of active agents every time the toilet is flushed and they are uniformly distributed in the bowl. Clogging is prevented.


Although the 2-source wireless Butterfly Network (BN) represents a natural extension of the well-known 2-Way Relay Channel (2-WRC) scenario, a direct implementation of conventional Wireless Network Coding (WNC)/Physical Layer Network Coding (PLNC) principles in this network is not straightforward. While the information necessary for decoding of the desired data from WNC-coded data at each destination is naturally available in 2-WRC, in the BN the destinations can obtain such information only by overhearing the wireless transmission from the unintended source. Since the amount of such received "Network" Side-Information (N-SI) would be limited by the quality of the corresponding source-destination link, the assumption of perfect side-information is no longer valid in BN, rising many novel research challenges for the design of WNC-based BN. In this paper we propose the Superposition Coding (SC) based scheme as a feasible strategy for relaying in BN. We will show that by a proper optimization of its parameters (rates & power allocation of underlying SC messages), SC is able to achieve the upper bound of two-way rate in BN for both the zero and perfect N-SI case and moreover, it represents a viable solution even for the case where only partial N-SI is available at both destinations.


This study aimed to determine the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of pre-service teachers in developing CoRes as a support for designing mathematics learning. Data were collected by reviewing documents of CoRes development results by 32 pre-service teachers' after analyzing school mathematics learning documents in the form of syllabi and lesson plans prepared by experienced teachers. The analysis of the results of the pre-service CoRes document made by the pre-service teachers' is done using descriptive statistics that are by calculating the mean. The results of the data analysis show that 18.8% of the pre-service teachers achieved very good qualification, 56.3% with good qualification, 15.6% with sufficient qualification, and 9.4% with poor qualification. Although there were still pre-service teachers belonged to the poor qualification, there were no pre-service teachers who failed in developing CoRes. Some individual students still seem to have difficulty developing CoRes. However, the CoRes document that has been prepared is very useful for carrying out further activities. Thus, it can be concluded that the development of CoRes can be used by pre-service teachers as a support to design learning.


Stakeholder engagement is critical in the development of a new program intervention.[1][1]–[3][2] Focus groups[2][3] or interviews[4][4] are traditional data collection strategies typically used for this process. The persona-scenario exercise, an alternative to traditional strategies, originated


A complete subsea production system (SPS) is assembled by interconnecting subsea manufacturing facilities through subsea connectors. To ensure the reliability and longevity of the SPS, it is imperative to thoroughly investigate the mechanical behavior and sealing performance of the subsea connector's core-sealing components. In this study, the loading conditions of the subsea clamp connector are examined to analyze the load transfer relationship between its components under different modes. A mathematical model for the load transfer between locking torque and sealing contact pressure is developed for the preloading mode, and the concept of mechanical transfer efficiency is introduced. Another mathematical model for the load transfer between the locking torque and the design pressure is developed for the operation mode. Furthermore, a three-dimensional full-size finite element model of the subsea clamp connector is established to analyze the effects of complex loads on the mechanical behavior and sealing performance of its core-sealing components. The simulation results indicate that internal pressure loading positively affects the sealing of the subsea connector, and that the stress distribution in the core-sealing components under bending moment loading exhibits significant asymmetric characteristics. Additionally, the superposition of axial tensile loads reduces the effect of the bending moment on the strength of the core seal member but further weakens the seal. Finally, an experimental system is designed to validate the simulation results.


Abstract : In February 1981 the canoe was transported to the University of West Florida Archaeological Laboratory in Fulton, Mississippi, carefully examined, and placed in a fiberglass-over-plywood vat. The canoe then underwent a preservation treatment which consisted of submersion in increasing concentrations of polyethylene glycol. The canoe was constructed from cypress (Taxodium sp.), with metal tools, and later had been vandalized. The canoe is 7.3m (23.9 ft) long with a square stern and pointed prow implying a undirectional type of craft. Two recessed parallel bottom channels are present which are stabilizing keel-like mechanism for operating in a flowing riverine environment. Historical research indicates a 291-year period from 1541-1832 in which the canoe could have been built aboriginally using metal tools and a radiocarbon date of 280 + minus 50 years was obtained from a gunwale section. The probable construction date is late 18th to early 19th century. Cultural affiliation is not certain and it could have been constructed by late Chickasaw, white frontier, or black frontier populations.


BACKGROUND
Reports from general practitioners (GPs) are requested on applicants for nurse training, but there is no published evidence of the merit of this practice.

AIMS
To assess the benefit of GP report in health assessments of student nurse applicants.

METHODS
An audit was made of information obtained by health declaration form (HDF), nurse's assessment, GP report and, when performed, a physician's assessment for each applicant. Agreement between the health questionnaire and GP report was analysed by kappa statistics.

RESULTS
Of 254 applicants, 246 (97%) were declared 'fit to work', four (1.6%) were deemed 'fit with restrictions' and four (1.6%) were considered 'unfit to work'. The most common problems declared were psychiatric and skin problems. The agreement between health declaration and the information provided by GPs was classed as almost perfect for diabetes and only fair to moderate for all other measures. The reports provided additional information on problems not declared by applicants, but all of these were passive problems. The four unfit candidates all had psychiatric illness, but in all cases the occupational health assessment was sufficient to make this decision or to request further information. In the 'fit with restrictions' category, three of the four GP reports (75%) helped in correctly assigning the applicants to this category. In one of these eight cases a passive problem had not been declared.

CONCLUSIONS
The additional information in GP reports does not affect the conclusion regarding fitness for training in most cases and does not provide sufficient information to merit it being sought routinely.


Objective To investigate the feasibility and mechanism of hypoxia-inducible factors-1α( HIF-1α) antisense oligodeoxynucleotides( ASODN) for the therapy of retinal neovasculation. Methods Bovine hypoxic retinal endothelial cell ( BREC) were cultured in vitro and divided into transfection group and non-transfection group,the transfection group was transfected with HIF-1α ASODN,both the two groups were given CoCl2-induced hypoxic treatment. Expression of HIF-1α was measured with immuno fluorescence staining,VEGF of BREC cells was detected by ELISA assay. Results HIF-1α ASODN was successfully transfected into BREC cells. The expression of HIF-1α in non-transfection group was very low at the early time of anoxia,increased at 1h ,reached peak at 4h ,decreased after 16h. The expression of HIF-1αin transfection group maintained at very low level and showed significant difference to the nontransfection group( P 0. 01) . Conclu- sions The transfection of HIF-1α ASODN can effectively down-regulate the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF. The therapeutic prospect of HIF-1α ASODN on retinal neovasculation is worthy of further investigation.


The Rating Ethical Content System (RECS; Narvaez, 2008) was developed for adults, but the question remains whether children can recognize moral themes in media with the same competency as adults. The current study aims to test a modified version of the existing scale (RECS-K) for use by children in order to determine whether children can recognize ethical elements in a story. Participants were 93 middle school students, 36 undergraduates and 15 adults who read two moral stories, generated a theme and rated the ethical sensitivity, ethical judgment, ethical motivation and ethical action represented in the story. There were age trends on the ability to generate the intended theme of the story (story 1: 85% of children, 97% of undergrads and 93% of adults; story 2: 67% of children, 87% of undergrads, 93% of adults were correct). Story ratings were similar across type of rating (sensitivity, judgment, focus, action) and for each story except for age trends in story 2 sensitivity and action—adults outperformed both younger groups. Adults were more consistent in their moral comprehension across tasks and stories. Summary The Rating Ethical Content Scale (Narvaez et al. 1998 1999) was developed to allow individuals to rate the ethical content of stories based on Rest's four-component model of morality including the elements of ethical sensitivity, ethical judgment, ethical focus, and ethical action (Rest 1983, Narvaez & Rest 1995). This scale was developed for adults, but the question remains whether children can recognize moral themes in media with the same competency as adults. Advocates of moral and character education have often encouraged parents and educators to use stories and films that teach morality when educating children, yet there is little research examining how to analyze the lessons that children's media teaches. The current study aims to test a modified version of the existing scale (RECS-K) for use by children in order to determine whether children can recognize ethical elements in a story. Due to the length and complex language of the adult RECS, the RECS-K aimed to decrease the number of items under each category of moral reasoning as well as simplify the language, making it appropriate for grade school-aged subjects. Subjects rated two stories with the RECS-K, "Kim" and "Jed" (from Narvaez, Gleason, Mitchell, & Bentley, 1999) and were asked to independently produce the theme of the stories. The RECS-K contains 32 items, 8 in each subcategory of moral reasoning. For each item, students were asked whether it was present in the story and were given the options "I don't think so," "I saw it," and "I saw it a lot." These stories were created with the express intent of conveying an ethical theme. Teachers in Catholic schools (graduates of the University of Notre Dame Alliance for Catholic Education program) were recruited to volunteer their classrooms for this study. Students (with parent permission) were recruited to participate. Participating classrooms ranged from grades 5-8 (ages 10-15) and included English, religion, social studies, history, and language arts classrooms. Study participants included majority and minority students from schools located in Texas, California, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Florida. This presentation will examine whether children are able to identify moral themes from these stories using the RECS-K. Because children and adults may take away different messages from the same moral stories based on experience and cognitive and moral developmental levels, if the data prove to be significant, the RECS-K can serve as a tool for researchers to examine what understanding children gain from reading a moral story. Powerpoint Slides (converted) Media is a powerful force in the lives of children Socializing agent in the lives of children Negative effects documented Undermines the sense of trust in the world (violence is everywhere) Undermines the sense of control Emphasizes control through violence Alters the sense of purpose As consumerism Violent Media (TV, movies, video games) Increase aggression (Strasberger & Wilson, 2002) Increase likelihood of violent thoughts and actions (C. Anderson) TV: Linked to behavior actions decades later (Huesmann et al, 2003) Children who watch a lot of violent television May become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others May be more fearful of the world around them May be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others. American Psychological Association Ratings systems have been developed to monitor possible harmful influences on children •Typically negative ratings •Focused on sex, violence, language •Age-based advice •Little detail Movie Ratings Motion Picture Association G: General AudiencesAll Ages Admitted PG: Parental Guidance Suggested. Some Material May Not Be Suitable For Children PG-13: Parents Strongly Cautioned. Some Material May Be Inappropriate For Children Under 13 R: Restricted, possibly including "hard language," "tough violence," nudity within sensual scenes, drug abuse or other elements, or a combination NC-17: No One 17 And Under Admitted Television Parental Guidelines TVY: All Children TVY7: age 7 and above TVG: General Audience TVPG: Parental Guidance Suggested, possible presence of moderate violence (V), some sexual situations (S), infrequent coarse language (L), or some suggestive dialogue (D), TV14: Parents Strongly Cautioned, not for children under 14 TVMA: Mature Audience Only, which contains one or more instances of graphic violence (V), explicit sexual activity (S), or crude indecent language (L), and is intended to be viewed by individuals over 17 years of age Common Sense Media Ratings of films, music, literature Four Areas: Sexual Content, Language, Violence, and Content (e.g., humor, scariness, drugs, alcohol) Started by James Steyer, author of The Other Parent http://www.commonsensemedia.org/ The Rating Ethical Content System (RECS) RECS rates the ethical content in media and provides a positive rating Value of RECS Standardized and practical Focused on positive ethicality Theoretically supported Non-partisan and culturally flexible Can be applied to many different media Experts and non-experts collaborate Rating Ethical Content System (RECS) Based on Rest's (1983) four-process model of ethical behavior What is involved in completing an ethical behavior? Ethical Sensitivity Ethical Judgment Ethical Focus Ethical Action RECS Ethical Sensitivity Did the main characters in the story 1. care about other characters' feelings? 2. notice what other characters' needs were? 3. notice things that were wrong or that hurt others? 4. show their feelings in a way that didn't hurt other characters or things? 5. listen to and take to heart what other characters said? 6. understand or try to understand other characters' thoughts and opinions? 7. understand or try to understand characters who were different or from different cultures? 8. act like a good friend? RECS Ethical Judgment Did the main characters in the story 1. understand or try to understand the problem before deciding what to do? 2. think about how others might be upset by their choices, actions or decisions? 3. think about doing the right thing? 4. think about their decisions afterwards? 5. follow or try to follow the rules? 6. Were the main characters in the story positive or optimistic about solving the problem? 7. try to do things that helped the neighborhood or community? 8. want things to be fair for everyone?


Abstract : The overall goal of this project has been to develop gene therapy strategies for breast cancer by translation of studies derived from the DF3/MUC1 gene. Our studies have demonstrated that defective recombinant adenoviral vectors containing the DF3/MUC1 promoter (bps -725 to +31) can be used to selectively express the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene (Ad.DF3-tk) in DF3/MUCl positive breast cancer cells in vitro and in animal model studies. On the basis of these findings, the replication defective adenoviral vectors containing the DF3/MUC1 promoter sequences have been used to selectively transduce contaminating breast cancer cells in human bone marrow and peripheral blood. Other studies have demonstrated that transduction of dendritic cells with replication defective adenoviral vectors expressing the DF3/MUC1 gene is effective for in vivo immunization against MUC1-positive tumor cells. These findings have provided the experimental basis for clinical trials of a novel vaccine against breast cancer. Finally, more recent work has involved the design of an adenoviral vector that is competent for replication in DF3/MUC1 1-positive, but not DF3/MUC1-negative, cells for the selective delivery of suicide genes to breast cancer cells in vivo.


The invention provides a modularized combined type gas cooker, which can expand infinitely and control the input gas in grades. According to the technical proposal provided by the invention, the grading combined type gas cooker comprises an integrated cooker core. A gas nozzle is arranged on the upper surface of the cooker core. An expanding part consisting of a plurality of expanding elements which are combined is encircled the fringe of the cooker core. The upper surfaces of the expanding elements are provided with gas nozzles. The gas nozzle on the cooker core and the gas nozzles on the expanding elements are connected with a gas inlet end. The cooker core is connected with the adjacent expanding elements through the connecting parts arranged on the adjacent sides of the expanding elements. The adjacent expanding elements are connected with each other through the connecting parts arranged on the adjacent sides of the expanding elements. By adopting the invention, the prior large gas cooker mould is miniaturized, and the problem that moulds can not be made or the cost for moulding is too high in the manufacture of large cookers, and the problem of the waste of the manufacture cost resulting from the rejection of the entire large cooker are eliminated.


Abstract
This study aims to examine the differences in the effect of financial restructuring on the performance of group companies with non-groups in Indonesia. This analysis uses independent variables, debt restructuring, right issue and type of company. The dependent variable is ROA. The sample of this study is the issuer companies that conduct financial restructuring that are listed on the IDX from 2010 to 2016. 66 companies were analyzed using purposive sampling method. The statistical method uses Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, by testing the statistical test hypothesis t and Test F. The results of this study that there are significant and positive differences in debt restructuring, and Right Issue against performance group companies with non-group, which means that group companies are stronger in financial restructuring than non-group companies


This paper describes a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method using hill-climbing search (HCS) for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) small wind turbine generation system. The dynamics characteristics are simulated by MATLAB/Simulink. The conventional control method is controlled using a fixed the tip speed ratio. In contrast, HCS-MPPT control method is controlled using a variable the tip speed ratio. As a result, it is verified that HCS-MPPT control method can achieve higher electrical power than the conventional control method when the phase resistance Rs of PMSG is varied.


Background and aim: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world today. It affects the lives of millions of women and children through contributing to poor cognitive development, increased maternal mortality and decreased work capacity.  Because of the important role of Iron in the physical and cognitive health, and for the universal consideration of eradication of this problem, this review aimed to compare iron supplementary programs in three countries if India, Iran and England. Method: The design was a comparative review of iron supplementary programs in three countries of India, Iran and England. These countries were selected for review, as they represent the spread of iron deficiency anemia in three different level of low, medium and high. Relevant data were retrieved from databases including PubMed as well as WHO, World Bank Ranking and BMJ Center reports and then were included in comparative tables to provide the basis for detecting similarities and differences. Results: The included countries in this review were different in terms of preventive and treatment strategies to overcome iron deficiency. The reason for this difference was due to health conditions, and availability of healthy drinking water, and also prevalence of various diseases like anemia, parasitic diseases, and malaria. In Iran and India the preventive programs are confined to all groups at risk, however, in England it just encompasses the immigrants and the people who are supported by the government. Conclusion: This review showed that in low income countries, the most economic and cost-effective practice is enriching the nutritionals. Additionally, the treatment and preventive programs and policies for anemia in different countries are related to health conditions and health indicators of that country.


The involvement of social partners is central to the rhetoric of the European Commission approach to vocational training. This paper explores the development of social dialogue over vocational training at the European level and in Italy and Britain, two member states characterised as having market-led systems. The contrasting experience of the two member states suggests factors that are conducive to promoting greater social partner involvement in vocational training and demonstrates the complexity of developing a European approach.


Artificial hybridization is an integral part of groundnut breeding. In groundnut, the success rate in artificial hybridization depends largely on a proper understanding of the flower structure and its biology, adoption of an appropriate hybridization procedure, adequately trained personnel, and careful environmental control during and after the pollination stage. This bulletin describes the procedures of artificial hybridization in groundnut followed at ICRISAT Center. It also presents suggestions on how to organize a successful hybridization program in groundnut. This bulletin is intended to be used as a practical guide to plan and carry out artificial hybridization in groundnut, both in the field and in the greenhouse.


Objective To examine the expression of Pax9 during mousce tooth development.Methods Embryos were obtained from mice in pregnancy of 10.5~18.5 days and serially sectioned for HE and immunohistochemical staining, respectively.Results In the bud stage, the expression of Pax9 was not observed in the epithelium and mesenchyme. In the cap stage, the expression of Pax9 was observed strongly in the cytoplasm of dental papilla. In the early bell stage, Pax9 was expressed strongly in odontoblast and preodontoblast, but weekly in the inner enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum and dental papilla. In the late bell stage, Pax9 was abundant in odontoblast, ameloblast and enamel-dentinal junction. Pax9 was also observed in the new formed enamel and predentin.Conclusion Pax9 may play an important role in the tooth development to proceed beyond the bud stage.


The theory of externality and public goods are the theoretical foundation of the public regulation for environmental protection.Taking this as the basic point many countries implemented all kinds of regulation policies such as taxation,allowance,marketing trade,and administration.These policies have different mechanism and effect,so we need to choose them according to the real situation.Certain defect exists in our country's current environmental protective policy,mainly in four aspects: The public regulation means is too single to guarantee the policy result;The charge system for environmental protection is not complete that the policy result is limited;The tax system of environmental protection is imperfect and policy guidance is not outstanding;The market for pollution right is still at practice stage and the space of function is too small.In order to realize the goal of environmental protection,we must construct a multiplex regulation system and complete it constantly,namely: Reform environmental fee system,strengthen financial management;improve the current tax system to play the role of guidance and incentives;Utilize the financial incentive mechanism synthetically of to support the development of environmental protection industry;Set up the market for pollution rights,implement the pollution right trade system in an all-round way.


Rural school personnel across three districts and states were interviewed to learn their experiences working with refugee youth and their families. These eleven individuals held different roles including administrators, special service providers, and teachers of English language learners (ELL). Through qualitative analysis, the broad themes of communication, differences, resources, curriculum, collaboration, and family-school relationships were identified. Data were used to develop recommendations for promoting the inclusion of newcomer youth in rural schools.


This narrative review aims to highlight some of the factors contributing to challenges faced by many countries in controlling the spread of COVID-19 pandemic that continues to rage around the world, especially after stoppage of official prevention and control activities. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, and Google using search terms "COVID-19", "challenges", "prevention", and "control" in different combinations. COVID-19 prevention and control challenges are related to health-system, vaccines, administration, and society culture. Controlling the spread of COVID-19 necessitates cooperation between community leaders, healthcare professionals, religious leaders, and the public.


Owing to the real conditions of China's reform,the application of Keynesian theory of monetary policy with the positive government intervention has not been so effective as expected. As a solution to the unemployment problem in China,we should also adopt the positive policy of income taxation and readjust the sharp imbalance of income in the social distribution.


It is shown that the electron transfer chain catalysis is a milder and viable alternative metathetical polymerization of terminal alkynes. This technique also yields polymers of the same conformation independent of the catalyst precursor used


On August 6, 2016, an armada of 230 Chinese fishing boats, accompanied by 7 China Coast Guard (CCG) vessels, was spotted near Japanese waters around the Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea.1 This could have been the starting point of a nightmare scenario for Japan in which the disputed islands are taken by armed Chinese fishermen backed by big CCG ships and eventually military vessels, leaving no chance for the Japan Coast Guard (JCG) to adequately reply. The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) would then need to step in, with the risk of the situation escalating into a military conflict.Coping with "gray zone" situations, such as the above scenario, has been Japan's core security challenge in recent years. Defined in the National Defense Program Guidelines of December 2013 as "neither pure peacetime nor contingencies over territory, sovereignty and maritime economic interests," gray-zone situations mainly refer to the challenges raised by China's "reactive assertiveness" around the disputed Senkaku Islands (known as the Diaoyu Islands in Chinese).2 Beijing is challenging Japan's sovereign control by regularly sending vessels from law-enforcement agencies into its territorial waters and contiguous zone.2 Civilian or paramilitary forces are therefore used to change facts on the ground while pushing the targeted country to eventually take the initiative of using force to stop these activities.These incursions, which do not amount to an armed attack, are blurring the line between crime and defense, between law enforcement and military activities. Gray-zone situations have been identified by Tokyo since 2010 and have informed the transformation of Japan's defense posture.4 Japan is organizing a "dynamic joint defense force" and redeploying troops onto the Ryukyu Islands, located in the southwest of the archipelago, closer to the Senkaku Islands.5 Importantly, official documents call for more cooperation and coordination between the JMSDF, on the one hand, and the JCG and police forces, on the other.6Indeed, the JCG is the primary agency responsible for patrolling and safeguarding Japanese waters: it is at the front line in the East China Sea. As the capabilities of the CCG are set to grow, and as tensions over the disputed Senkakus linger, Japan must reinforce its own coast guard. In addition, Tokyo needs to ensure optimal coordination between the JCG and JMSDF, which will intervene in the event that a crisis worsens.7 The challenge is threefold: first, to ensure optimal cooperation between the JCG and JMSDF in terms of information sharing and surveillance of the area; second, to allow a smooth transition of responsibility between the JCG and JMSDF without escalating the situation into a military conflict should a contingency arise; and third, to make sure that this overall defense arrangement constitutes an effective deterrent.The question of coping with gray-zone situations was supposed to be at the core of the security legislation adopted in September 2015. However, the series of laws in these reforms did not directly address the issue but instead focused primarily on the limited use of the right to collective self-defense.8 In the absence of a legal framework, there have been many official, political, and academic calls for more operational coordination between police, the JCG, and the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF). In particular, a series of decisions by the Cabinet to reinforce the maritime security posture all call for closer cooperation.9 To provide an optimal response to gray-zone situations, Tokyo must bridge legal and operational gaps that still prevent smooth coordination between the JCG and police forces (with respect to law enforcement) and the JMSDF (with respect to national defense). This essay argues that coping with gray-zone situations is particularly challenging for Japan because the country's security posture is based on a binary, black-and-white system between civilian and military agencies that complicates their coordination. …


With the increase of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor resolution, SAR images could include a large variety of interesting real man-made structures. Therefore, a more detailed analysis and a finer description of SAR images of urban areas are needed for a better understanding of the scene. Nevertheless, recognizing scenes using high resolution SAR images requires the capability to identify relevant signal signatures (called also descriptors), depending on variable image acquisition geometry, arbitrary objects poses and configurations. Among feature extraction methods, we propose to use principal components analysis (PCA) and/or independent components analysis (ICA), in order to exploit deeper the nature of SAR signatures. In this paper, both a description of our work and a presentation of our preliminary classification performance results will be provided.


Background: Different factors contribute to infection after arterial reconstructive surgery. Prophylactic antibiotic use during surgery is widespread, however, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of prophylactic antibiotics with autologous vein grafting. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of single-dose prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing autologous vein grafting. Methods: Patients undergoing arterial bypass reconstruction in the lower extremity between 2004 and 2012 were retrospectively screened for use of vein grafts. Patients receiving single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis (group 1) were compared with those not receiving prophylaxis (group 2). Results: Primary outcome was surgical site infection (SSI), and 142 patients were included. The SSI occurred in 22% of patients in group 1 and in 29% of patients in group 2 (P = .39; odds ratio: 1.46 confidence interval 95%: 0.61-3.47). Conclusions: Results showed no significant effect from single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis on lowering the incidence of SSI.


When a patient does not respond to an antidepressant, the most common strategy is to switch to another antidepressant, but many questions arise: Which


A normal impact model was developed to describe the dynamic behaviour of a rigid mass during impact with a sports surface. It was designed empirically to satisfy a set of four criteria, know to occur before, during and after impact. Using four pre-determined coefficients, the model is capable of predicting the change acceleration, velocity and displacement of the rigid mass during impact. The model was evaluated using acceleration data from impact hammer tests on two designs of artificial cricket pitch. The model was then developed further to describe the oblique impact of a cricket ball and evaluated using displacement data taken from high speed video footage of balls impacting on a natural turf pitch. In both cases, the results from the model were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. A method of sports surface material classification was suggested, using the empirical coefficient of the model to compare the performance of each surface system.


The Academy has long been regarded as a leading provider of pediatric education and an ardent, effective child health advocate. Equally important— though perhaps less well-recognized — is our role in the pediatric research arena. Facilitating and conducting pediatric research isn't just vital to


The invention relates to a monitoring system of a cooling medium in a generator and a method thereof. The system comprises: a first detector, which is used for detecting purity of a cooling medium in a generator; a cooling medium generating device, which is used for generating the cooling medium; a valve, which is used for connecting the cooling medium generating device and the generator and enabling the cooling medium generated by the cooling medium generating device to be transmitted into the generator; and a controller, which is used for recording purities, recorded by the first detector, of the cooling medium at first time and second time at specific interval time and generating signals according to changes of the purities of the cooling medium at first time and second time. The valve that is a flow valve capable of adjusting the flow velocity of the cooling medium changes the flowing velocity of the cooling medium inputted into the generator by responding to the signals.


Token-based authentication is usually applied to enable single-sign-on on the web. In current authentication schemes, users are required to interact with identity providers securely to set up authentication data during a registration phase and receive a token (credential) for future accesses to various services and applications. This type of interaction can make authentication schemes challenging in terms of security and usability. From a security point of view, one of the main threats is the compromisation of identity providers. An adversary who compromises the authentication data (password or biometric) stored with the identity provider can mount an offline dictionary attack. Furthermore, the identity provider might be able to track user activity and control sensitive user data. In terms of usability, users always need a trusted server to be online and available while authenticating to a service provider. In this paper, we propose a new Decentralized Anonymous Multi-Factor Authentication (DAMFA) scheme where the process of user authentication no longer depends on a trusted third party (the identity provider). Also, service and identity providers do not gain access to sensitive user data and cannot track individual user activity. Our protocol allows service providers to authenticate users at any time without interacting with the identity provider. Our approach builds on a Threshold Oblivious Pseudorandom Function (TOPRF) to improve resistance to offline attacks and uses a distributed transaction ledger to improve usability. We demonstrate practicability of our proposed scheme through a prototype.


In order to describe further the role of the invariant amino acid residue lysine-7 in the RNase S' system, potential catalytic activities of des-Lys7-[Orn10]-, [Ala7, Orn10]-, [Lys4, Ala7, Orn1.0]-S-peptide and corresponding guanidinated derivatives were studied. New information was obtained about S-protein binding capacities of the analogs relative to that of unmodified S-peptide, and about conformation of the corresponding RNase S' analogs by studies on competitive inhibition, difference spectroscopy, difference circular dichroism and thermal transition. Peptides modified in position 7 were no weaker in strength in peptide-protein noncovalent interaction in the presence of substrate. In the absence of substrate the variously modified S-peptide analogs were differentiated in their S-protein affinity. Conformational changes in the geometry of the active site of the reconstituted enzymes, if present, must be smaller than the detection limits of the techniques used. There is strong implication that the change in catalytic efficiency has to be attributed to an alteration or to the position of the charge and that lysine-7 in the natural enzyme is involved in stabilizing the transition state intermediates during decomposition of the substrate. Further substantiation was provided by substrate inhibition studies as well as 3-CMP binding measurements, since 3-CMP binding affinity of RNase S' modified in position 7 was found to be significantly lower than that of RNase S' itself.


This article is dedicated to the specificity of filing a civil claim and calculation of compensation for emotional harm in criminal proceedings regarding the improper performance of medical personnel, for illustrating the amounts awarded by the courts of the Russian Federation and analyzing the compensation calculation procedure. The author carries out historical-legal and comparative-legal analysis of the institution of compensation for harm to the aggrieved party in Russia and foreign countries. The goal of this study consists in development of the concept of compensation for harm caused by improper performance of medical personnel that would require the current public needs. The article employs the universal dialectical, logical, formal legal, comparative-legal, and hermeneutic methods. The subject of this research is the norms of the criminal procedural and civil legislation that regulate the questions of compensation for harm in cases involving medical aid. Description is given to the methods of calculation of compensation offered by various representatives of legal science throughout the entire national history. The article is one of the first attempt to analyze compensation for harm within the framework of criminal cases involving medical aid. The conclusion is made that the courts of the Russian Federation award measly compensations.


AIM To evaluate the cytoprotective effect of Rxa, a kind of extract of Radix salviae miltiorrhizae (RSM), in inhibiting apoptosis induced by H 2O 2 via Ca 2+ signal pathway in cultured human hepatocytes L02 cell line. METHODS L02 cells were divided into three groups. ① control group (L group); ② Rxa pre treated group (LaH group, Rxa 2*!mmol/*!L , H 2O 2 10*!μmol/*!L ); and ③ Rxa non treated group (LH group, H 2O 2 10*!μmol/*!L ). The indexes of normal cells, earlier apoptotic cells (Annexin V + cells), and necrotic cells (PI + cells) were measured with flow cytometry (FCM) combined with fluorescence microscopy; the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) was measured with amp combined with single cell microfluorescence [Ca 2+ ]i measurement, and the morphological changes of cell membrane surface untrastructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy during the periods of Rxa and/*!or H 2O 2 incubated with L02 cells for 0,0 5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours. RESULTS The increase of [Ca 2+ ]i and Ca 2+ spiking induced for 0 5*!h in LH group, and Ca 2+ oscillation of L02 cells appeared for 1*!h when [Ca 2+ ]i 400*!nmol/*!L , probably; the early phenomenon of PS transformation was showed for 2*!h - 4*!h ; and the [Ca 2+ ]i and index of Annexin V + cells increased for 4*!h - 8*!h significantly; the membrane protuberance, budding and atrophy were observed subsequently. By contrast, [Ca 2+ ]i and index of Annexin V + cells in LaH group were all lower than that in LH group ( a P 0 01, a F =245 30; b P 0 01, b F =72 12), the membrane injury was also weaker in that one. CONCLUSION H 2O 2 induced apoptosis in L02 cells is mediated through an increase of [Ca 2+ ]i; Rxa has cytoprotective effect, which may relate to its effect of calcium blocking.


________________________________________________________ Cl Introduction. _____________________________________________________ 1 Acknowledgment._________________________________________________ 6 General form of the stability criterion according to Iwasa______._..___ 6 Derivation of a stability criterion for rough rectangular channels.__.___. 8 Derivation of a stability criterion for smooth rectangular channels. ______ 11 Parameters affecting stability criteria and instability of flow.___________ 13 Laboratory equipment.____________________________________________ 15 Roll-wave observations.____________________________________________ 23 Correlation between the stability criteria and the presence of roll waves. . _ 25 Correlation between the roughened-channel stability criterion and increased channel resistance.-____-_-__-______________-________--_-_---_--_ 43 Relevant investigations of unstable flow.___,____-_-_-___-_-__--__---53 Conclusions.______________________________________________________ 55 References. _______________________________________________________ 56


There is a growing interest in distributed generation (DG) by both the scientific and industrial communities because of emerging new technologies, changes in environmental policies and liberalisation of energy markets. An attractive idea is to aggregate a number of small size, environmentally compatible, generators close to the loads to supply both thermal and electrical power; this is the underlying concept of a virtual power plant (VPP). In this paper an optimisation algorithm is proposed to integrate many DG into a VPP, which will be able to generate and sell both thermal and electrical energy. Suitable models are proposed to simulate electric and thermal productions, CHP plants, thermal storages, and the energy exchange with the grid. The optimisation problem is here formulated as a nonlinear minimisation algorithm with constraints, where the objective function is the variable cost associated with the supply of thermal and electric energy to the loads. A working example of application to a case study of a VPP complete the paper.


In accordance with classification methods based on either product standards or property standards, this paper first groups current Chinese wood-based panel standards into classes. Then, the authors examine and analyze the age pattern and adoption scope of these standards, in the hope such an attempt will promote the construction of a standards system in China.


Proximate composition of meat from 20 numbers (10 males and 10 females) of adult clinically healthy Nageswari ducks of Assam was analyzed at 20 weeks of age. The results showed non-significant difference in the mean percentage of moisture, crude protein, ether extract, ash, calcium and phosphorus content breast meat of these ducks between sexes.


This is a pharmacokinetic study of two formulations containing Rosuvastatin 40 mg, with the aim to compare the Bioavailability between the Test product (Rosuvastatin made by Laboratorios Tecnoquimicas S.A., Colombia) and the Reference product (Crestor® made by Laboratorios AstraZeneca) in order to declare the Bioequivalence between both formulations. For this, an open-label, two period and two sequences previously randomized, crossover study in 30 healthy volunteers was developed, with a single 40 mg dose in fasting conditions, a washout period of 7 days and 14 plasma samples collection between 0 and 48 hours. For the identification and assessment of plasma Rosuvastatin, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometer, UHPLC MS/ MS was the analytical method performed. According to the European and FDA guidelines for Bioequivalence research, the confidence interval is within the allowed ranges for the Bioequivalence declaration and interchangeability of the Tecnoquimicas S.A. product with the Reference product.


A total of 374 fungal endophyte strains were isolated from of Vaccinium dunalianum var. urophyllum (Ericaceae), a well‐known cultivated blueberry in southern China. These fungal endophytes could be categorized into 25 morphotypes according to culture characteristics and molecular identification based on the internal transcribed spacer region. All of these isolates belonged to Ascomycota. Jaccard's (Jc) and Sorenson's similarity indices indicated that the species communities from the fruits and branches were closer to each other than to those from leaves. The leaves appeared to host the highest fungal biodiversity, and the fruits displayed the lowest diversity.


Generally, furniture industry apply make to order in production systems and job shob (batch) in flow production. To produce a number of products with a uniform design of the required tools in the form of jig. Problems occurred at one of the furniture industry is the high sets up time due completion of the jig for use. Damaged Jigs, no precision, and unavailable jigs become the main reason for set up time be longer. The impact of time disrupted production and production targets are not reached. These problems can be overcome with management tools so that the tool/jig is ready for use in times of need. Using the tool management long setup time can be reduced because equipment is not ready for use and storage techniques by replacing the jig into removing the clamp handle can minimize the need of storage space. The settings storage location having regard to the level of usage can accelerate the process of supply to jig machining settings that the setup of jig include storage layout using the principles of popularity, making the procedure management of the jig in the room. The results obtained that with tool management setup time can be reduced to 61.17%.


Electrocardiogram(ECG) signal is one of the physiological signals which is used to measure health and disease detection of a human being. Extraction of QRS part from ECG signal is an important topic research from several years. Pan Tompkins method is a well known and widely used one for the QRS detection which consists of digital differentiator as one of the constituent part. In this paper, an attempt is made to study the working of the Pan Tompkins algorithm by replacing the digital differentiator block with the Infinite Impulse Response Digital differentiators. All simulations are carried out using MATLAB and the results obtained are comparable to the conventional method.


Purpose – Describes how one company addressed the need for a pallet conveyor innovation which would achieve a number of goals such as reduced maintenance, operating noise, physical cross section and improve the ability to integrate into an assembly or manufacturing application. Design/methodology/approach – Presents the approach and technology applied to develop a smart conveyor that meets the project objectives. Findings – Applying new lower cost electronic controls, individual zone drive motors and sensors to a traditional product can dramatically improve the feature benefit package. Research limitations/implications – This paper provides guidance in the design of smart manufacturing and material handling related equipments. Practical implications – Innovative conveyors can still move the product while providing many cost of ownership benefits. Originality/value – Highlights how applying new thinking or thinking outside the box to a traditional product can achieve many user benefits.


Massive MIMO (MaMi) is expected to become a key technology for 5G systems, providing a large capacity increase at reduced total radiated power. However, besides the radiated power, the power consumption of digital and analog circuits supporting individual antenna chains also has to be sufficiently low, given the large number of antennas. In this paper, we extend power consumption models for MaMi systems by evaluating different options such as precoder types, revisiting digital complexity estimates of different components, and incorporating the impact of improved designs, e.g., future analog RF frontends. We illustrate the role of the different components in the total system power for different MaMi scenarios.


Carbon monoxide is the most common cause of poisoning deaths worldwide, due in large part to the fact that this potentially fatal gas is colorless and odorless [1]. While carbon monoxide exerts its harmful effects primarily by binding to red cell hemoglobin with greater affinity than oxygen, it also binds to many other intracellular molecules causing additional cytotoxicity [2,3]. Lipid peroxidation, immune activation with enhanced neutrophil adhesion, and mitochondrial oxidative stress have all been implicated in carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning [3,4]. Standard treatment for carbon monoxide poisoned patients is high flow oxygen therapy and supportive care. The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been shown to be beneficial in severely intoxicated patients (CO level> 25% or base deficit >22 mmol) and to prevent neurologic sequelea [5]. Unfortunately, hyperbaric oxygen therapy is unwieldy and unavailable in many centers. Even in centers that do have hyperbaric therapy available, the mean time to treatment has been reported to be 5.8 h, emphasizing difficulty of application [6]. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Apheresis, authors Suat et al. present retrospective data on 12 patients treated with therapeutic red cell exchange transfusion, erythrocytapheresis, for severe carbon monoxide poisoning. This therapy has previously been used to treat sickle cell disease, hemochromatosis, severe erythrocytic parasitemia malaria and babesiosis, and various intoxications (sodium chlorite, cyclosporine) where the red cell is the target tissue for the offending agent [7]. Erythrocytapheresis represents an intriguing therapeutic option as it may not only renew the oxygen carrying capacity, but should also enhance the diffusion gradient for tissue bound carbon monoxide. The authors also report that erythrocytapheresis was rapid, averaging about an hour to complete treatment and requires only good venous access to commence. The series of patients described here have severe CO intoxication, with levels ranging from 38 to 79%. The authors' present compelling mortality data 11 of 12 patients survived and these patients had a dramatic reduction in both their carboxyhemoglobin levels and meaningful improvement in their Glasgow coma scores. Importantly, the magnitude of improvement in carboxyhemoglobin levels in these patients is only slightly better than what one might anticipate with 100% FiO2 alone, which reduces the half life of CO to approximately one hour [6]. Unfortunately, little other information about these patients or their care is known especially pre-hospital therapy which can mitigate the effects of CO intoxication. In addition, the authors' conclusion that the 11 survivors had a complete recovery is not substantiated by their post-treatment Glascow Coma Scale scores which range from 5 to 14. Additionally, there is no data on longer-term neurologic outcomes. Considering that an average of 12 units of blood was given to each patient, some acute and possibly delayed transfusion reactions would be anticipated. Lastly, while the authors report one case of rhabdomyolysis, it is unclear whether this complication or other anticipated complications, such as hypotension or transfusion reactions, were related to the therapy. This case series of severely carbon monoxide poisoned patients who were treated with erythrocytapheresis suggests this therapy may be of benefit especially when therapy with hyperbaric oxygen is considered to be the appropriate choice but is either unavailable or contraindicated. Although concerns remain about the efficacy of HBO therapy over normobaric oxygen, it remains widely used and strongly recommended for this indication [8]. Erythrocytapheresis merits further study with a prospective experiment that thoroughly documents the patients' condition at presentation and their outcomes, what additional therapies are provided and the complications of this intervention. Only when an adequately designed trial evaluates the risks and benefits of this treatment can we be assured that this therapy is truly in the best interest of patients. Practitioners should remain skeptical of observational "data" in the absence of convincing experimental evidence but especially so in an area of medicine and


Plastic spacers keep parts separated during transport or storage. Cart with rods and spacers holds sheets with delicate finishes for storage or transport. Sheets supported vertically by rods, or horizontally. Spacers keep sheets separated. Designed to eliminate time and expense of tapping, wrapping, and sometimes refinishing aluminum sheets with delicate anodized finished.


www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of November 18, 2008 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/322/5904/1065 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/1162493/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/322/5904/1065#related-content http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/322/5904/1065#otherarticles , 14 of which can be accessed for free: cites 34 articles This article http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/development Development : subject collections This article appears in the following http://www.sciencemag.org/about/permissions.dtl in whole or in part can be found at: this article permission to reproduce of this article or about obtaining reprints Information about obtaining


Discuss the problem that the discrete cocoon filament size produced by stair autoregressive model sesolve into continuous changeable cocoon filament size curve.by comparing the methods of the curve quasiuniform with the line quasiuniform,work ot a concise and effective resolving method,than analyse the characteristics of cocoon fillament size.


The ac linear (χ 0 ) and nonlinear (χ 2 ) susceptibilities of ferromagnetic fine cobalt particles, which were precipitated in a Cu 97 Co 3 alloy, have been studied. The χ 0 has a spin-glass-like maximum and χ 2 has a very broad negative peak at a low temperature. At high temperatures, the in-phase linear susceptibility χ 0 ' obeys the Curie law and the in-phase nonlinear susceptibility χ 2 ' is proportional to T -3 . A quantitative analysis of χ 0 and χ 2 based on a simplified superparamagnetic blocking model has been performed. The temperature dependence of the in-phase and out-of-phase susceptibilities is well described quantitatively by the superparamagnetic blocking model. It is concluded the behavior of χ 2 can be explained by the summation of the nonlinear term of the Langevin function over particle volume distribution. The analysis also yields information about the particle volume distribution and a value of anisotropy energy.


Many Mediterranean areas have recently witnessed a proliferation of new urban and tourist-related features following low-density residential patterns that contrast with the traditional high-density urban typologies of Mediterranean cities. The aim of this research is to investigate the links between residential tourism and water consumption through swimming pools, which constitute one key element of the new urban landscapes in the coast of Alicante (southeastern Spain). We have digitized pools in nine municipalities of coastal Alicante and calculated the average depth and estimated water losses due to evaporation. Results show that swimming pools are widely available in tourist residential enclaves but that they tend to display different characteristics according to factors such as the history of the urbanization process and relative wealth of the different areas. We have detected a clear contrast between the large individual pools of the richer northern municipalities and the smaller individual pools and community pools in the newly developed but less well-off urban enclaves of the southern coast.


textabstractLeveraged investments have become a fundamental feature of modern economies. The new financial products allow people to take greater-than-usual exposures to risk factors. This thesis analyzes several different aspects of the risks involved by some frequently used leveraged products: CDOs, CDSs, and hedge funds. It is shown that these risks have indeed several facets and that misjudging them can have severe effects for both individual investors and the global financial stability. However, although leveraged products can be more complex than other financial instruments, their characteristics in terms of risks and returns can usually be understood rather well by careful scholars. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of some of the features of leveraged products and provide useful insights on how to best use these new instruments.


The need for nursing and social care, as well as factors which determine their appearance and management, are crucial for multiple sclerosis patients. To-gether with the diagnostic and treatment activities, nursing and social care can contribute to a better satisfaction of patients and their relatives and to a better quality of life. The most frequently reported needs of this specific group of patients are related to movement disorders, fatigue, pain, bowel and bladder or sexual disturbances, and to psychological support. A profes-sional answer to these needs is impossible without the presence of a specifically trained nurse.


Programmed labor defined as a planned natural delivery was carried out in 128 women. The group included 43 gravida I (average age 24.6 years) and 85 gravida II (average age 29.2 years). Indications for programmed labor included late toxemia (44) prolonged pregnancy (23) ABO and Rhesus isoimmunization (24) fetal hypotrophy (8) and extragenital diseases (29). All patients had relative indications for cesarean section. Planned labor was conducted at gestation age of 36-38 weeks in 24 women at 39-41 weeks in 81 and at 42-43 weeks in 23. Predelivery management included administration of prostaglandin synthesis inducers spasmolytics estrogens (300-500 units/kg intramuscularly). In the evening prior to labor induction the patients received intracervical administration of prostaglandin gel. Labor was induced by oxytocin or prostaglandin administration. Oxytocin dose depended upon the body weight and ranged from 5 units (1 ml) for the body weight of 50-69 kg to 75 units (1.5 ml) for 70-89 kg and 10 units (2 ml) for the body weight of over 90 kg. Oxytocin was given by an intravenous drip starting with 8-10 drops/min and gradually increasing to 30-40 drops/min. Prostaglandin (5 mg per 500 ml of solution) was given by an intravenous drip starting with 20 drops/min and gradually increasing to 40 drops/min. Effectiveness of oxytocin or prostaglandin dose was estimated by stability of uterine contractions and by the rate of cervix dilatation. Normal duration of labor was no more than 10-12 hr for gravida I and no more than 8 hr for gravida II. Of 128 women 116 had normal vaginal delivery and 12 had to undergo emergency cesarean section. Delivery was complicated by cervix rupture in 9 patients. All 128 women gave birth to live babies. Agar score ranged from 8-9 in 108 to 7 in 15 and 6 in 5.


Hue and saturation scaling were used to measure the appearance of spectral lights as a function of stimulus size at loci spaced across the horizontal meridian. At a given locus, each hue (red, yellow, green, and blue) grew as a function of stimulus size up to some asymptotic value. Growth functions fitted to the hue data were used to derive the sizes of the "perceptive fields" of the hue mechanisms. We had previously investigated the size-scales of these fields by using stimuli presented on a dark background: Field sizes for all mechanisms increased with eccentricity, this increase was greater on the temporal than on the nasal retina, and the retinal size-scales of the different hue mechanisms were not the same. We now report the results obtained from repeating the study with stimuli embedded in a white surround. The main effects of the white surround were as follows: Sizes of perceptive fields of all mechanisms decreased at all peripheral loci, apparent saturation decreased for foveal stimuli but increased for peripheral stimuli, and short-wavelength redness increased everywhere.


Green, O. M. The Deification of Mao TseTung. Fortnightly. October, 1952. Kublin, H. Origins of Japanese Socialist Traditions. Journal of Politics. May, 1952. Langer, P. F. The Japanese Political Scene. Journal of International Affairs. Spring, 1952. Oppler, A. C. Courts and Law in Transition. Contemporary Japan. May 30, 1952. Roy, M. N. Democracy and Nationalism in Asia. Pacific Affairs. June, 1952. Scalapino, R. A. Japan and the General Elections. Far Eastern Survey. October 29, 1952. Latin America


Abstract I used a one-dimensional numerical model to estimate the present and possible future temperature structures in Lake Michigan. The estimates were based on model output from simulations of the 1981–1984 offshore temperature field. Once the water temperature climatology was estimated, I examined three scenarios based on general circulation models in which atmospheric CO2 was doubled. The models were those of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), and Oregon State University (OSU). In general, simulations based on these three scenarios suggested that winter and summer heat contents of the lake would be higher than at present; the summer increase would be less than that in winter. The higher winter heat content would cause an earlier onset of full thermal stratification, and the season of stratification would increase by up to two months. The earlier onset of stratification, coupled with little change in the wind stress pattern, would yield st...


In this paper we propose an approach to control design of nonlinear time-delay systems, which is based on the construction of symbolic models, where each symbolic state and each symbolic label correspond to an aggregate of continuous states and to an aggregate of input signals in the original system. The use of symbolic models offers a systematic methodology for control design in which constraints coming from software and hardware, interacting with the physical world, can be integrated. The main contribution of this paper is in showing that incrementally input-to-state stable time-delay systems do admit symbolic models that are approximately bisimilar to the original system, with a precision that can be rendered as small as desired. An algorithm is also presented which computes the proposed symbolic models. When the state and input spaces of time-delay systems are bounded the proposed algorithm is shown to terminate in a finite number of steps.


A model of pattern formation in crystal growth is proposed, and its analytic properties are investigated. The principal dynamical variables in this model are the curvature of the solidification front and the thickness (or heat content) of a thermal boundary layer, both taken to be functions of position along the interface. This model is mathematically much more tractable than the realistic, fully nonlocal version of the free-boundary problem, and still recaptures many of the features that seem essential for studying dendritic behavior, for example. Preliminary numerical solutions produce snowflakelike patterns similar to those seen in nature.


Today everything is being centralized through a common dedicated network to ease its use, make it more user friendly and increase its efficiency. The size of these centric networks is also increasing rapidly. So the management, maintenance and monitoring of these networks is important to keep network smooth and improve economic efficiency. Packet sniffing or packet analysis is the process of capturing data passed over the local network and looking for any information that may be useful. There is a wide variety of packet sniffers available in the market that can be exploited for this purpose. This paper focuses on the basics of packet sniffer, its working principle and a comparative study of various packet sniffers.


Self-assembly is an important functional property of biological polymers, as illustrated by naturally occurring higher-order structures of proteins or nucleic acids and artificial DNA andpeptide assemblies. In light of potential applications in nano-biotechnology, materials science and synthetic biology, there is great interest in approaches that are able to rationally engineer self-assembly properties into otherwise monomeric biopolymers. For polypeptides, selfassembly has been imparted via the engineering of protein surfaces, the fusion of protein recognition modules, or the bottom-updesign of linear peptides. In the case ofDNA, self-assembly is attained by selection of complementary sequences or the use of ligand–protein receptors. Here, we develop a new generic chemical approach which achieves self-assembly independent of the re-engineering of the structural framework of the subunits, and which does not require bulky protein-based recognition modules. The flexible approach uses small chemical tags that are covalently attached to a single point within the subunits. The tags form reversible yet tightmetal chelate complexes and thereby confer the ability to form designed supramolecular structures. Our approach is exemplified by the creation of nanoarrays of DNA duplexes, which are examined via atomic force microscopy (AFM) at the single-molecule level. The chemical assembly strategy is orthogonal to the innate ability of DNA strands to hybridize and may also be extended to create functional nanoarrays of proteins, which would not otherwise assemble. Our strategy to induce self-assembly in biomolecules is based on the two chemical tags bisNTA and His6 which are able to form a metal chelate complex (Figure 1). In the bisNTA–Ni–His6 complex, [24] two nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) groups are bonded via two Ni2þ ions to the imidazole moieties of a hexahistidine peptide (Figure 1). Multivalent chelator heads such as bisNTAhave been developed by Tinazli et al. and Lata et al. to bind with a dissociation constant,Kd, of 2.7" 10#7 M to His6. In addition to high affinity, a linkage via bisNTA–Ni–His6 features several other beneficial properties useful in the design of supramolecular structures. These include controlled reversibility of formationbyaddingor removing Ni2þ, and directional binding as a bisNTA tag can only interact with His6. Reflecting these advantages, our aim was to attach the two tags to single base positionswithin aDNA duplexes (Figure 1). As the affinity tags are positioned at communications


The title compound, C24H28O4, has been synthesized by the reaction of 5-methylsalicylaldehyde and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-hexanedione in water catalyzed by triethylbenzylammonium chloride. The central pyran ring and outer cyclohexene ring of the oxanthene moiety adopt boat and half-chair conformations, respectively. The other cyclohexene ring bonded to the pyran moiety has a skew-boat form.


A ROM-less direct digital synthesizer architecture is presented in this paper. This architecture eliminates the ROM-based phase to sine wave amplitude converter, which is a bottleneck for pushing clock frequencies into the gigahertz range. The design consists of a 16-bit phase accumulator, a set of 18 band pass finite impulse response filters, a 12-bit digital to analog converter and a low pass filter to produce a sine wave with output frequencies ranging from 36 MHz to 72 MHz with a resolution of 3.05 KHz and a 55 dB spur free dynamic range. The same hardware can be used to achieve output frequency ranging from hertz to gigahertz and a 191 Hz resolution by changing the clock frequency. A resolution of 0.05 Hz can be achieved by using a 32-bit phase accumulator. This design was simulated in Xilinx system generator (Sysgen) and mapped on to Virtex-6 FPGA. The analysis results of the Sysgen and FPGA data show that the proposed design is an effective alternative.


How do Generation Y (Gen Y) consumers in the United States perceive the value of salon hair coloring? A literature review on consumer perceived value (CPV) reveals that little attention has been given to this topic. Based on the findings from a qualitative study and previous findings in the literature, a survey was developed to measure Gen Y consumers' perceptions of quality value, emotional value, epistemic value, social value, monetary cost, time/effort cost, and health risk cost of salon hair coloring in the United States. We find that emotional value and monetary cost are the most important dimensions for US Gen Y consumers. Although this research was designed to be product specific, it has important implications for general consumer perceived value research. Its results suggest that the proposed model for CPV in this study may be usefully applied to investigate other product categories, other age demographics, and other cultural


Usability of business services can have wide- ranging effects on the business performance of the company using the service. In the fields where mobility is a crucial part of the business, such as in transportation, it is beneficial if the services are also mobile - allowing the employees to process information where appropriate. However, mobility also introduces challenges as the context of use is changing and the information input and output is more troublesome. This paper presents a case study from the field of passenger transport and provides an analysis for understanding the relationship between the usability of mobile business services and business performance. The results indicate that both tangible and intangible effects of usability can be identified at individual, organizational, and customer levels.


Purpose: To investigate the experiences of participants who attended communication training programs for people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their everyday communication partners (CP) as part of a non-randomised controlled trial. Method: The participants were people with TBI and their CP, who were family members or carers of the people with TBI. Twenty-six participants (13 participants with TBI and 13 CP) completed the JOINT program, which involved participants with TBI and CP attending the program together. Fourteen participants with TBI completed the TBI SOLO training program, which did not involve the participation of a CP. Semi-structured videotaped interviews were completed by all participants at the end of the training. Using a six-step generic analysis procedure, data were categorised into topics and then subtopics to identify conceptually discrete units. Results: Participants described improvements in communication skills, the impact of improved communication skills, valuable components of the programs and components that needed changes. Conclusion: The accounts of participants provided additional evidence for the effectiveness of the training programs, assisted with identifying helpful components of the training and demonstrated the usefulness of a qualitative research methodology as part of evaluating the outcomes of the clinical trial. Implications for Rehabilitation Participants in social communication skills training programs for people with traumatic brain injury report positive outcomes. Including communication partners in training programs is reported to be beneficial, although there are some challenges. Qualitative methodologies are a useful way of understanding the processes and outcomes of complex interventions such as communication skills training programs.


Socialist Edward Fuchs in the early twentieth century, in his book on the Renaissance manners, considered monogamy in the conditions of full patriarchy the main reason for the emergence of two social institutions adultery and prostitution.1 As a supporter of Morgan, he believed that monogamy characterizes a certain stage of historical development of society, and the stage is not too successful for the development of marriage and family. True, unlikely adultery can be fully considered a social institution, for despite its global prevalence in European society from Antiquity to the present day, for him, there almost never existed formally regulated norms for the provision of sexual services and institutions, with the exception of a brief period in the era of the late Roman Empire, but there were legal provisions prohibiting the nature.2,3 However, in relation to prostitution, starting from a certain point, it is possible to speak about this in full. According to the American anthropologist and social theorist Lewis Morgan, a researcher of the evolution of the family, monogamy was the result of the concentration of significant wealth in the hands of one man who sought to transfer these riches only to his children. Naturally, this concentration arose already at a rather advanced stage of the development of society in the transition to a settled way of life and the emergence of states. According to Morgan, monogamy was preceded by promiscuity, followed by the emergence of a group marriage–polygamy4 in particular; he notes the existence of polygyny (the presence of two or more wives in one man) in some tribes of the Indians of North America.5 Traveler Henry Landor noted the simultaneous cultivation of polygyny and polyandry in Tibet.6 The writer of marriage and sexual relations George Scott, in contrast to Fuchs, considered polygamy an unconditional evil and condemned the traditions of Mormons. In his opinion, everywhere where marriage was polygamous, women suffered and were extremely unhappy with their position.7 this, however, is far from the case, even for our time, not to mention the distant past. Separate cases of suicides of brides and young wives, led by Scott, are not proof of general discontent, for such cases were rare and always accompanied by other aggravating circumstances. No less case of such suicides we find in European culture, where almost to the twentieth century girls, most often, were not given out for a person they liked. However, it should be noted that the grounds for the appearance of adultery and prostitution have been for many centuries not only in monogamy, but also in the absence of choice, especially for girls, a life partner in accordance with their feelings, as well as in the entire social organization of a patriarchal society with gender segregation and gender asymmetry of rights and requirements.