This article introduces a kind software of CAD/CAM,which based on laser cuttin g technology.It also describes computer aided design and manufacture method use d to produce steel structure of electric locomotive.The au thor believes that a large scale CAD/CAM software,which in combination with product design,techno logy analy-sis,production plan and product manufacturing,might be helpful t o improve product quality,save resource and re-duce cost.


Composite materials have been used widely in various engineering fields. Composite materials possess low weight, corrosion resistance property, and specific strength, and due to these facts, composite materials are becoming popular among researches and scientists. Now a day, the glass fibers offer the potential to acts as a reinforcing material for composites alternative to the use of glass fiber, carbon fiber and other man-made fibers. In present work hallow tube composites of epoxy – glass fiber was prepared by hand lay-up technique. Mechanical characterizations of prepared hollow tube composites were carried out. Mechanical results were improved; we considered the hollow tubes of glass fiber and epoxy in different proportions such as 50% of glass fiber and 50% of epoxy, 60% of glass fiber and 40% of epoxy, 66% of glass fiber and 34% of epoxy. The maximum compression strength was obtained in the ratio of 50:50 that is 57.69N/mm2, the maximum load at the peak was obtained in the ratio of 60:40, that is 14.61kN and the maximum deformation at the peak was obtained in the ratio of 60:40 that is 8.03mm.


AIM: To evaluate the effect and safety of pseudophedrine drops in treating rhinocleisis symptoms caused by common cold. METHODS: A multi-center randomized control clinical trial was used. One hundred and forty-four patients were divided into two groups and one hundred and forty-one finished in the end. The pseudoephedrine drops group of seventy patients (M 38,F 32;age(18±s10)mo) took pseudophedrine drops. The pseudoephedine group of senventy-one patients (M 41, F 30;age(18±10) mo)took acetaminophen drops. Each patient took medicine according to the moon's age. The medicine was taken qid for 3 d. RESULTS: The releasing rhinocleisis rate after 3 d was 83% and 75%, respectively. The adverse reaction rate was 1% and 3%, repectively. There are no significant difference between two groups. No serious adverse reactions appeared. CONCLUSION:Pseudophedrine drops in treating rhinocleisis symptoms caused by common cold is safe and effective with rare obvious adverse reactions.


91 www.ijeas.org  Abstract— The main objective of the paper is to review a number of widely used multilateral index numbers for international comparisons of purchasing power parities (PPPs) and real incomes that can be derived using the stochastic approach. The paper discuss that price index numbers from commonly used methods like the Iklé, the Rao-weighted, and an additive multilateral system are all estimators of the parameters of the country–product– dummy (CPD) model. The paper also presents the method of moments (MOM) as an approach to estimate PPPs under the stochastic approach and shows how the Geary–Khamis system of multilateral index numbers is a method of moments estimator of the parameters of the CPD model.


EDITOR,—Peter Hambly's visions of anaesthesia hell accurately describe the relationship between anaesthetists and surgeons in one of the more aggressive surgical institutions in the United States.1 A more positive professional ambience is normal in private practice and in my own experience at the University of Virginia. The reasons that Hambly gives for this unfortunate relationship echo my own, but recently issued American training statistics for the specialty paint a dismal picture.

Over the past five years the number of residency positions available each …


This study presents a SCARA-based robotic system that can complete a six-sided 3D puzzle. The proposed system is composed of a SCARA, a depth camera, a conveyor belt, a computer, and two motors controlled by an Arduino board. The entire algorithm of completing a six-sided puzzle incorporates several main stages, including detecting puzzles, extracting a puzzle cube's contour through the depth map, analyzing the orientation of a cube, and recognizing the puzzle cube. Finally, every 6-sided puzzle is moved to the target position using vacuum suction.


Objective To examine the status of mental health and explore the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adult mental health status among medical college students.Methods 475 medical college students were chosen by stratified cluster sampling and investigated by Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90) and adverse childhood experiences(ACEs) questionnaires.Results The prevalence rate of mental problem among the medical college students was 35.58%.There were no statistical significant differences in the prevalence rates of mental problem under different background variables.Single factor analysis showed that the risk were adult mental problems in medical college students with physical abuse,emotional abuse and sex abuse in childhood were respectively 2.42(95%CI:1.38-4.23),2.65(95%CI: 1.79-3.92) and 1.66(95%CI:1.07-2.58)times than the ones without such experiences;The risk of adult mental problems in medical college students whose family had domestic violence or who had families with substance abuse experience in childhood were respectively 1.97(95%CI:1.31-2.96)and 1.69(95%CI:1.13-2.54)times than the ones without such experiences.Logistic regression analysis showed that adverse childhood experiences increased risk for adult mental problems,with adjusted odds ratios from 1.89 to 6.97.Conclusions Different adverse childhood experiences are important risk factors for adult mental problems.Adverse childhood experiences are important risk factors for adult mental problems and they should not be ignored in preventing from psychological disorders and keeping mental health of them.


The invention provides a silica gel composition. The silica gel composition comprises a silica gel body consisting of components A and B in a mass ratio of 1 to 5, wherein the component A comprises, by mass, 34-83% of dimethyl polysiloxane, 12-65% of polymethylhydrosiloxane and 1-5% of catalysts; the component B is prepared from, by mass, 34-83% of dimethyl polysiloxane, 12-65% of polymethylhydrosiloxane and 1-5% of cross-linking agent; the silica gel composition further contains, based on the total mass of the silica gel body, 0.4-1% of fumed silica, 3.3-4% of prefoamed polymer microspheres and 20-30% of phase change paraffin or 40-50% of solid-state phase change microcapsules; wherein, the prefoamed polymer microspheres are prefoamed polystyrene microspheres, and shells of the prefoamed polystyrene microspheres are made of polystyrene. The silica gel composition is low in specific gravity and weight, has high thixotropy and a good phase change function and is particularly suitable for preparing silica gel prosthesis products. The invention further provides a preparation method of the silica gel composition. According to the preparation method, steps are few, the process is short, operation is easy and convenient, and preparation cost is low.


Localized electrostatic wave packets in the frequency region of lower hybrid waves have been detected by the instruments on the FREJA satellite and also earlier by instrumented rocket payloads. These waves are often associated with local density depletions, indicating that the structures can be interpreted as wave-filled cavities which are strongly elongated along the magnetic field. The basic features of the observations are discussed, providing a survey of the conditions for occurrence and spatial distributions. The basic properties of the individual cavities and associated fluctuating electric fields are discussed as well, and typical densities, widths, and other characteristics are obtained for selected orbits.


The article is a publication of the document presenting the regulations of the Order of St. John of God in the Lithuanian Province, written in 1724. These regulations - "to be helpful while rightly controlling" and "to preserve the order's well being", "set up to honour the God" - were handed down to the superiors of all the convents. Similar to constitutions, these regulations were to perfect and to organize the life in an Order. Engrossed in 39 points, these injunctions were for all members of the Order of St. John of God in the province: a superior, priests, friars of all professions e.g. nurses, hosts, collectors of funds, dispensers etc. The regulations were also to give advice for those being totally devoted to God, how to properly care for the vocation while working with the needy and with the poor and sick, how to unite with God and to strive after the sanctity of life with the help of the Eucharist, prayer, liturgy, adoration of the Holy Sacrament, religious readings, permanent contact with the constitution and with the descriptions of the life of St. John of God. One can also find here advice how to develop love, trust and goodwill, obedience and responsibility when living in a fraternal community. At the end of this document we read following: "these regulations (...) we want them to be truly observed by everyone (...) and to be read every month at congregations".


In the situation of the scarce domestic capital and investments, foreign direct investments (FDI) are needed to push the domestic economy and employment. They are usually seen as a solution to boost economic growth, but their effects on the domestic economy depend on the type of FDI and sectors where they go. The aim of this paper is to research institutional environment in the SEE countries: effectiveness of government, rule of law, protection of property rights, etc. The indicators about doing business, transition progress and governance are included in the analysis. Indicators of institutional development point many weaknesses in the SEE region: relatively high perception of corruption, poor development of institutions in terms of competitiveness, poor credit rating, poor efficiency of government, the rule of law, political stability. According to the analyzed parameters it can be concluded that the highest level of per capita FDI attracted Montenegro and Croatia, where it should be noted that the institutional arrangements in Montenegro becames more convenient for foreign investors in comparison to Croatia. Romania and Bulgaria as a member of the European Union recorded a number of deficiencies in the institutional development, that means that the EU membership was not solved their internal institutional weaknesses. At the same time it is also a lesson for other countries in the region that the issues of institutional arrangements is an internal matter and the accession to the EU (and the EU membership) can only help in building institutions, but the country remains responsible for the efficiency of their performances.


The most opportune time to start memorizing music is when initially learning a piece (Mishra 2010). Many studies suggest that memorization should begin even before undertaking technical aspects of the music, and that it is crucial in shifting the focus from the page "to the real business in [sic] hand: expressing the music to the listener" (Snell 2005). Playing without sheet music may create a deeper understanding of the work simply through the practice required. Memorization may also expand on the ability to create a more nuanced and expressive sound, allowing increased focus on the performance and less on reading (Reichenbach 2017).


The business has changed because new technology along with the dramatic decrease in the availability of "hand labor" has helped to drive the need for new loading and stacking systems for the hay industry. These two phenomenon will continue to drive us toward total mechanization in the hay industry in fact many hay producers are already there. Soon the days will be gone of "humping" bales onto a wagon and then into a hayloft or hay maw.


Many part-time student librarians have brought much inconvenience to the readers due to their ignorance of the basic equipments of the manual operation in management of books.By analyzing the causes and effects,this paper aims at guiding the student librarians to adopt the proper methods to improve service quality.


For the problem of low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the image reconstructed from Raman spectra, this paper proposes a two-stage denoising algorithm based on deep learning, including spectrum denoising and image denoising. Because spectra and images of the same sample are scarce, the spectrum denoising algorithm and the image denoising one are trained on two irrelevant dataset. Denoising and baseline correction are performed on the raw Raman spectra using 1D-ResUNet. The low SNR images are denoised by Reversed Convolutional Block Attention Module UNet (RCBAM-UNet). Experimental results showed that the Mean Squared Error (MSE) between the denoised spectrum processed by our method and the ground truth decreased by 103-104, when compared to the raw data. The quantitative results of image denoising on Structural Similarity (SSIM) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) are 98.4% and 39.7, respectively. The performance of our two-stage algorithm on the testing dataset (an independent dataset) showed increased SNR and Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) in Raman imaging denoising. Our study provides an efficient method for the improvement of Raman image quality.


Abstract Object-oriented ontologists understand relations of cause and effect to be sensory or aesthetic in nature, not involving direct interaction between objects. Four major arguments are used to defend an indirect view of causation: 1) that there are analogies between perception and causation, 2) that the indirect view can account for cases of causation which a direct view cannot, 3) an Occasionalist argument that direct interaction would make causation impossible, and 4) that the view simply fits better with object-oriented ontology's own premises. However, each argument is fallacious or otherwise unconvincing. The first affirms the consequent. The second fails because the relevant cases can easily be accounted for with a direct view. The third makes false assumptions about the relation between parts and wholes. And the fourth can also be used to argue against object-oriented ontology. Many of these problems can be traced to the methodological aspects of object-oriented ontology and might be avoided by emphasizing the role of non-argumentative justification in metaphysics.


ATP-BINDING CASSETTE SUBFAMILY E MEMBER (ABCE) proteins are one of the most conserved proteins across eukaryotes and archaea. Yeast and the vast majority of animals possess a single ABCE gene encoding the vital ABCE1 protein. We retrieved ABCE gene sequences of 76 plant species from public genome databases and analyzed them with the reference to Arabidopsis thaliana ABCE2 gene (AtABCE2). Over half of the studied plant species possess two or more ABCE genes. There can be as many as eight ABCE genes in a plant species. This suggest that ABCE genes in plants can be classified as a low-copy gene family, rather than a single-copy gene family. Plant ABCE proteins showed overall high sequence conservation, sharing at least 78% of amino acid sequence identity with AtABCE2. The phylogenetic trees of full-length ABCE amino acid and CDS sequences demonstrated that Brassicaceae and Poaceae families have independently undergone lineage-specific split of the ancestral ABCE gene. Other plant species have gained ABCE gene copies through more recent duplication events. Deeper analysis of AtABCE2 and its paralogue AtABCE1 from 1135 Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes revealed 4 and 35 non-synonymous SNPs, respectively. The lower natural variation in AtABCE2 compared to AtABCE1 is in consistence with its crucial role for plant viability. Overall, while the sequence of the ABCE protein family is highly conserved in the plant kingdom, many plants have evolved to have more than one copy of this essential translational factor. Significance statement In most eukaryotes there is a single ABCE protein, which is involved in many vital processes in cells. However, less is known about ABCEs specifically in plants. Here we show that while the sequence of ABCE proteins is highly conserved in plants, they have evolved to often have multiple copies of this essential translational factor. By studying 76 species from the entire plant kingdom, we observed as many as eight ABCE genes being present at a time, although most species have less. Some ABCE copies appeared earlier than others and were found in multiple species. Thus, our findings indicate that ABCE genes in plants are not a single-copy gene family and should instead be re-classified as a low-copy gene family.


Mass customized production is the type of production using a combination of knowledge of craft production and mass production to achieve this goal. One of important managerial problems of manufacturing companies is an increasing complexity of product structure, which results from a wide variety of products needed to satisfy customer requirements. From economic point of view, this type of production is profitable and has many benefits such as reduction of inventory. This paper presents an overview and definition of mass customized manufacturing, development stages, decisive approaches to mass customized manufacturing and main problems resulting from this type of manufacturing. Finally, an overview of approaches to complexity measures and complexity management are provided.


. The article defines the essence, factors and stages of legalization (laundering) of the proceeds of crime; establishes the role of the state regulatory policy in the field of combating the legalization of illegal income, and summarizes the methods of combating this phenomenon in the context of Ukraine's European integration. The author also analyses the regulatory framework for preventing and combating the legalization (laundering) of the proceeds of crime, including international instruments ratified by Ukraine. The author examines the institutional framework for preventing and counteracting the legalization (laundering) of proceeds of crime: the structure of the National Financial Monitoring System of Ukraine. It is noted that cooperation with international organizations is important in combating this phenomenon, since legalization of illegally obtained income is a global problem. The author identifies the main problems related to prevention and counteraction to legalization (laundering) of proceeds of crime which need to be addressed: bringing the national legislative framework in this area in line with European standards;


Monetary integration for ASEAN+3 economies has been paid significant attention in recent years. However, most studies have concentrated on the proposed mix of currencies and the use of the Chinese RMB as the anchor currency. In this research, we use exploratory factor analysis and switching regression model to study the influence of monetary integration upon economic growth. The empirical analysis results suggest that at current stage it is not optimal choice for ASEAN+3 members to implement one single currency exchange mechanism. Instead, a basket of currencies would be favorable for economic growths of all member economies.


In this paper, a new kinematic filtering method of GPS positioning is proposed. By analyzing the application of GPS in navigation of vehicles we noticed that the running vehicles are constrained by the road. Then a kinematic model with constraint conditions was built and the recursive algorithm was deduced. By analyzing the result of the computer simulation and the experiment of the real data, the efficiency of the new filtering method comparing with the standard Kalman filter was verified.


This report will be discussed at a policy discussion workshop to discuss incentives for encouraging innovative bank and non-bank led domestic and international mobile-banking (m-banking) solutions. The introduction summarizes the layout of the report, and then touchs upon two over-arching issues. To set the context for m-banking services in the focus countries, chapter two reviews the demand for m-banking services in Southern Africa, particularly in relation to migrant remittances and cross-border payments of trade-related transactions. This analysis is complemented by some international comparisons. On the supply side, chapter three briefly describes the financial and telecommunications landscape in which the development of m-banking is set. The heart of this study is the country diagnostics set out in annex A, which examine, for each country the regulatory issues that are listed in annex B. For ease of reference, the results of the country diagnostics are summarized in chapter four. The country diagnostics include a number of recommendations to overcome the constraints on the development of accessible m-banking in each country and the region, which are developed further in the draft presentation for the workshop in annex D. The main threads of the key recommendations are brought together and summarized in chapter five.


Abstract Applying a flow-dependent background error covariance (𝗕 matrix) in variational data assimilation has been a topic of interest among researchers in recent years. In this paper, an ensemble-based four-dimensional variational (En4DVAR) algorithm, designed by the authors, is presented that uses a flow-dependent background error covariance matrix constructed by ensemble forecasts and performs 4DVAR optimization to produce a balanced analysis. A great advantage of this En4DVAR design over standard 4DVAR methods is that the tangent linear and adjoint models can be avoided in its formulation and implementation. In addition, it can be easily incorporated into variational data assimilation systems that are already in use at operational centers and among the research community. A one-dimensional shallow water model was used for preliminary tests of the En4DVAR scheme. Compared with standard 4DVAR, the En4DVAR converges well and can produce results that are as good as those with 4DVAR but with far less comp...


Introduction: In order to improve the prevention and treatment of caries as well as to increase knowledge regarding malocclusions in Burkina Faso, a prospective study was undertaken of the prevalence of dental caries and malocclusions in pupils at the Bilbalogho A public primary school in the town of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods: The studied population comprised all of the pupils enrolled at the Bilbalogho A public primary school who were physically present at the school at time of the survey. The recorded variables were age, gender, the presence of tartar or bacterial plaque, the presence of a malocclusion, the extent of the tooth decay, the topography of the carious lesions, as well as the indicated therapeutics. Results: A total of 313 pupils were examined. The prevalence of caries was 60.1%. The level of oral and dental hygiene was poor and buildup of tartar was found in 82.7% of the pupils. Angle class I malocclusions were the most common (66.8%). There was a clear need for orthodontic care in 8%. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries and malocclusions at this school in the capital was quite high. Recourse to treatment was quite low for this population. For many of the pupils the reported lesions were quite advanced, thus underscoring the need for greater awareness of oral and dental care as well as systematic routine dental consultations.


Kumamoto University implements basic courses of information technologies as required subjects of all faculties from 2002. They can be assumed as large-scale courses because there are approximately 1,800 learners respectively. They are managed by sharing the identical contents in the blended learning style. WebCT is applied as a LMS from 2003. For the confirmation of the achievement and the relearning with the item that cannot be achieved, nearly 20 on-line tests (quiz) are implemented for a year. All the tests can be taken repeatedly for a fixed period. This paper shows the instructional effect based on the statistical data of the on-line tests, based on the results of all the 13 on-line tests implemented at the course of "The Basic Course of Information Technologies B" in the second semester of 2003.


DEM is a key point in GIS's research.The functions about3D view and3D analysis with DEM data are applied in many client application programs.But because of DEM data's complication,it is hard to realize these functions though programming development.So,author uses Surfer software 's new automation technology to solve this problem.And with some code examples,the DEM's application development technology based on the Surfer's automation objects is discussed.From the discussion,the advantages of quick programming and powerful functions are showed.


Indonesia is an area where three large tectonic plates meet, namely the Indo-Australian, Eurasian and Pacific plates, so that Indonesia is included in the earthquake-prone category, with 11,660 earthquake vibrations identified in the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) database in 2019 The purpose of this study is to develop a classification of the distribution of earthquakes in Indonesia in 2019 based on the values of magnitude, depth, and position. This research was conducted by using the clustering method based on the K-means algorithm and the DBSCAN algorithm as a comparison. The results of the clustering show that the earthquake data analysis using the K-Means algorithm is superior with a silhouette index value of 0.837, while the DBSCAN algorithm has a silhouette index value of 0.730.


In the recent years, cost reduction has made going abroad and sourcing from low-cost countries so popular among the Western companies (Lewin & Peeters, 2006), that has turned it into a trend or a business recipe (Araujo & Gadde, 2009). At the same time as every year more and more firms are establishing and expanding their sourcing, marketing, R&D, manufacturing and distribution activities in low-cost countries, many face difficulties that result in failing their offshore activities (Kinkel & Maloca, 2009). In this study, the development of a supply network in China by a Swedish firm is studied in the form of a single in-depth case study. The development of this supply network is studied by investigating how different economies emerge when developing supply networks. The analysis shows that economies of scale, scope, integration and innovation not only coexist during the development of the supply network, but also pursuing one leads to opportunities for exploiting the others. Besides, it is concluded form this study that the view of "low-cost country sourcing" needs to be replaced by a "supply network development" view, in order to open up for a wider scope of economies than only cheaper product acquisition.


Evaluating programs for the gifted should be based on changes in learner behavior or performance through the use of measures which are designed to assess the explicit objectives of the program.


Background Valley fever is a fungal infection occurring in desert regions of the U.S. and Central and South America. Environmental risk mapping for this disease is hampered by challenges with detection, case reporting, and diagnostics as well as challenges common to spatial data handling. Design and methods. Using 12,349 individual cases in Arizona from 2006 to 2009, we analyzed risk factors at both the individual and area levels. Results. Risk factors including elderly population, income status, soil organic carbon, and density of residential area were found to be positively associated with residence of Valley fever cases. A negative association was observed for distance to desert and pasture/hay land cover. The association between incidence and two land cover variables (shrub and cultivated crop lands) varied depending on the spatial scale of the analysis. Conclusions The consistence of age, income, population density, and proximity to natural areas supports that these are important predictors of Valley fever risk. However, the inconsistency of the land cover variables across scales highlights the importance of how scale is treated in risk mapping. Significance for public health With the increasing use of spatially explicit data in public health comes uncertainty related to spatial resolution, data compatibility at different scales, and appropriate model selection. Using soil-borne Valley fever, we quantify how risk mapping changes by scale and provide advice on how to assess and explore uncertainty within an analysis.


Play is the primary activity of children, but few playgrounds are designed to be accessible to children with disabilities. An example of an environment which provides play opportunities for children is the playground. Occupational therapists have much knowledge that could provide an important role in future planning of accessible environments. The aim of this study is to make a proposal on how to make the playground at Zacharias Topelius School in Helsinki more accessible to its pupils. Zacharias Topelius School is a school for all including pupils with autism and developmental disabilities. My research questions is how to design a playground to make it more accessible to children with disabilities, as well as the refurbishment of the schoolyard that could be taken to make it more accessible to pupils. Available physical environments can contribute to increased participation. Therefore I assume a participatory perspective in this study. I have used a project-oriented approach resulting in a product. The product is a blueprint with adjustment proposals of the schoolyard. In support of my work process of creating an accessible environment, I have followed the principles of Universal Design. The results show that the emphasis in the creation of accessible environments for children with developmental disabilities and autism should be to clarify the environment so that it becomes easy to understand and use. This can, among other things be done by marking the area with colors.


The article outlines free online legal resources to conduct research on Catalan and Spanish legislation and case-law. Most of these resources are primary sources made public by government bodies. The list shows how the Spanish and Catalan governments, in their attempt to promote equal access to legislation and case-law, cover the different jurisdictions. The text also mentions some resources to conduct historical legal research about legislation and case law, and some free legal private websites. 1. LEGISLATION 1.1. Pre-legislative documents State Council (SPAIN, Consejo de Estado) http://www.boe.es/buscar/consejo_estado.php – Supreme consultative body of the Spanish government, with origins dating back to 1521. – Database containing almost 58,000 legal opinions. – Full text available from 1987 to present. – Complementary database: Fondos de Ultramar (Overseas Records). 7,098 documentary records dispatched between 1835 and 1902. Legal Advisory Committee (CATALONIA, Comissió Jurídica Assessora) http://www.cge.cat/ca/dictamens – Consultative body of the Catalan government (Generalitat of Catalonia), created in 1932 and re-established in 1978. – Full text available from 1998 to present.


In the last decade, Catholic propaganda has pervaded the study of the shroud ("sindonologia" in Italian) and turned it into criticism of the shroud ("sindonofilia"). On the sidelines of a lively intellectual scientific debate about the authenticity of the Turin shroud, this essay challenges, with philological rigor (and with particular reference to Luca Nicolotti's book, I Templari e la Sindone. Storia di un falso, Salerno Editrice, Roma 2011), these pseudo-historical inventions of the shroud critics, who unfortunately have been given extensive coverage both in the literature and by the press.


Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] is the second most important pulse crop of India after chickpea. It has been recognized as a good source of vegetarian protein particularly in the developing countries where majority of the people depends on the vegetarian foods. As it is evident that ultimate goal of plant breeding programme is to develop improved accessions which are better than the existing ones which require genetic amelioration through maximum utilization of allelic resources. Synthesis of such accessions would depend upon the sound knowledge and understanding of nature and magnitude of gene actions involved in the inheritance of agronomically important traits selection of suitable parents and breeding methodology. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 01 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


This study aimed to evaluate and determine how improvement in business operation can be achieved in company X's current production processes using Lean Manufacturing (LM). The objectives of this research were: (1) To assess the implementation of LM at company X; (2) To highlight the limitations that can affect the implementation of LM at company X and finally; (3) To identify wastes that currently occur in company's X production process to understand better how LM can be beneficial to the company. The study followed a mixed approach. A mixed approach was used to investigate different methods and practices used by company X. This study was based on 61 respondents from the company mixed between senior management, quality control managers and engineers, plant engineers, foreman, supervisors, and technicians, artisans and general workers. The study revealed that the lack of management commitment; lack of understanding at various levels in the organization are just a few of the listed limitations that can hinder the implementation of LM at company X. Thus; a risk-based approach is required coupled with risk mitigation measures on all identified barriers to successful implementation of LM.


Introduction to Survey Sampling will cover the main techniques used in sampling practice: simple random sampling, cluster sampling, stratification, systematic selection, and probability proportional to size sampling. The course will also cover sampling frames, cost models, sampling error estimation techniques, and compensating for nonresponse. It is a survey research course rather than a statistics course. It focuses on design of survey samples and estimation of descriptive statistics rather than the analysis of collected data. It also focuses on sampling human populations.


Abstract Welfare practices are invariably represented in static and sedentary ways and their mobilities ignored. This paper corrects for this by examining the car and auto‐mobility in social work. The car is not just a means to reaching vulnerable children and other service users quickly, and a mobile office, but a space where significant casework goes on and deeply meaningful 'therapeutic journeys' happen. The car carries similar emotional meanings and possibilities for workers as a space within which to contain the anxieties and emotions they routinely confront in their work. Drawing on mobile social science and psychoanalytic theory, the paper shows how the power and meanings of auto‐mobility in 'car therapy' are products of the design of cars and the distinct rhythms and mobilities they produce in themselves. The car in social work is conceptualised as a 'fluid container' for the processing of personal troubles, emotion and key life changes. The theoretical implications of this argument for the social science of mobilities are drawn out.


A flash memory device and its manufacturing method are provided to prevent the generation of bridge between adjacent two gate lines by covering the seam of a conventional isolation layer using an improved isolation structure composed of a lower isolation layer and an upper isolation layer. A trench mask pattern with a gate insulating pattern and a floating gate pattern(117) is formed on a semiconductor substrate(100). A plurality of trenches(105) for defining active regions are formed on the resultant structure by etching selectively the substrate using the trench mask pattern as an etch mask. A lower isolation pattern(140) and an upper isolation pattern(155) are sequentially formed in the trench by using CVD and HDP. A gate interlayer dielectric and a control gate layer are sequentially formed on the resultant structure. Gate lines are formed on the resultant structure by patterning selectively the control gate layer, the gate interlayer dielectric and the floating gate pattern.


The objective of this article is to understand the current situation of artisanal fishing in the Moroccan Mediterranean (Belyounch, Fnideq, Martil and Kaa asras), and the components that characterize it (techniques, target species, boats, seamen, etc.). by analyzing the data collected from a survey conducted in these sites. The study is carried out through surveys between April 2014 and June 2014. The artisanal fishing sector in the selected sites could be characterized by different components. Thus, we can note the following characteristics: Presence of about 308 active boats; and direct employment offers to almost 1160 fishermen. Twelve gears are used in all sites. They are divided into three major groups: traps, nets and hook-and-line gear, in addition to dragging. The fishermen practice 12 techniques, with 2 to 3 methods per boat. The fish species most caught by fishermen are: (besugue, bug, sea bream, dorado); cephalopods (octopus, squid, cuttlefish); clupeidae (Sardine, Allache); carangidae (horse mackerel) and the smooth clam.


New construction solutions, such as low energy buildings and lightweight ship constructions in FRP composite, are designed with more insulation than regular constructions. This may affect the fire development, leading to dangerous conditions for occupants and firemen. Will increased thermal insulation of a compartment affect the fire development so that a higher heat release rate is reached; does it lead to higher gas temperatures or earlier flashover compared to in a non-insulated compartment? In this study, hand calculations, experiments and simulations in FDS were performed, which show that the gas temperature reaches a higher level in an insulated compartment than in a non-insulated compartment. It was also shown that larger and quicker heat release rates are reached in compartments with increased thermal insulation where the fuel source is sensitive to incident radiation. The results of the study are limited since only a standard 20 feet container was studied as a representative compartment.


: Background: Directional Deep Brain Stimulation (D-DBS) allows axially asymmetric electrical field shaping, away from structures causing side-effects. However, concerns regarding the impact on device lifespan and complexity of the monopolar survey has contributed to sparing use of these features. Objective: To investigate whether chronically implanted D-DBS systems can improve the therapeutic window, without a negative impact on device lifespan, in thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods: We evaluated stable outcomes of initial programming sessions (4-6 weeks post-implantation) retrospectively in 8 patients with drug resistant disabling tremor syndromes. We assessed the impact of directional stimulation on therapeutic window (TW), therapeutic current strength (TCS), tremor scores, disability scores and total electrical energy delivered. Finally, we performed volume of tissue activation (VTA) modelling, based on the average values reported in this study. Results: We report significant gains in TW (91%) and reductions in TCS (31%) with stimulation in the best direction compared to best omnidirectional stimulation alternative. Significant improvements in tremor and ADL scores were sustained at 6 months. There was no increase in averaged IPG power consumption (there is a 6% reduction over the omnidirectional-only alternative). Illustrative VTA modelling shows that D-DBS achieves 85% of the total activation volume at just 69% of the stimulation amplitude of non-directional configuration. Conclusions: D-DBS can improve the therapeutic window over non-directional DBS, leading to significant reduction in disability that may sustained post implantation without additional reprogramming visits. Device lifespan was not negatively impacted in this study due to the programming approach used.


Summary

Seabass (SBS) and seabream (SBM) juveniles were reared with the goal of obtaining three different final densities (SINT = 40 kg m−3; INT = 20 kg m−3; SEM = 0.2 kg m−3) to ascertain the effects thereof on the welfare of the fish. Significant blood metabolites and hepatic glycogen were determined every 3 months and at harvest. Trials lasted 18 months in seabass and 17 months in seabream. At the end of experiment the main biometric productive parameters and quality of body composition were also recorded. Regarding intensively reared seabass (SINT-SBS, INT-SBS), the plasma triglycerids, total cholesterol and transaminases (AST, ALT) were always significantly higher than in semi-intensively maintained fish (SEM-SBS). At the final sampling in the SINT-SBS batch, the total protein and glucose were also markedly increased. Conversely, at harvest the liver glycogen content decreased in SINT-SBS (34 ± 8 mg g−1 liver) with respect to INT-SBS (57 ± 12 mg g−1 liver) and SEM-SBS (63 ± 11 mg g−1 liver). No differences among groups were observed for creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). With regard to seabream, SINT-SBM and INT-SBM constantly showed plasma triglycerids and total cholesterol as being significantly higher when compared to SEM-SBM. In the final two blood samplings, SINT-SBM exhibited the most elevated values for LDH. At harvest, AST, ALT, total protein and glucose markedly increased in SINT-SBM, whereas liver glycogen content was reduced (22.5 ± 9 mg g−1 liver), more than in INT-SBM (70 ± 16 mg g−1 liver) and SEM-SBM (75 ± 20 mg g−1 liver). In both seabass and seabream, body composition was very similar in the different stocking densities, except for total cholesterol. Total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in seabream was significantly different from fish of the semi-intensive groups; however, nutritional values and fatty acid profiles were equally good. The intermediate final density of seabass and seabream at 20 kg m−3 seemed to give the best results in terms of their well being when compared to fish reared at 40 kg m−3. The absence of differences in blood metabolites and hepatic glycogen levels between the intensive batch and the semi-intensive groups until harvest was a reference to the positive status of the fish. A density of 20 kg m−3 can be considered acceptable for farm strategy planning for raising healthy on-growing seabass and seabream juveniles.


Objective:To observe the effects of AiJieTie antibiosis gel combined with POME-wave on cervical erosion.Methods: Three hundred patients with cervical erosion were randomly divided into three groups:100 cases in treatment group in which AiJieTie antibiosis gel was given,the other 200 cases in control group in which POME-wave and AiJieTie antibiosis gel combined with POME-wave were administered,respectively.The effects were observed atter 1 and 3 months.Results:After the treatment,the overall ef- fective rate of A,B and C group was 88.67%,88%,98.33%,respectively,the overall effective rate of C group was higher than that in A and B group (P0.01).Conclusion:AiJieTie antibiosis gel combined with POME-wave has good effects on patients with cervical ero- sion.It is an ideal and effective method of treating cervical erosion and worth spreading in the clinical application.


Although Australian indigenous poetry is often overtly polemical and politically committed, any reading which analyses it as merely propaganda provides only a small window on it. By presenting the verse of Alf Taylor collected in Singer Songwriter (1992) and Winds (1994) and discussing it in the context of the wider social and cultural rnilieu of the author, my essay aims to show its thematic richness of indigenous poetic expression. Indigenous poets have, on the one hand, undertaken the re sponsibility to strive for social and political equality, as is generally believed, while on the other, they have produced powerful self-revelatory accounts of their own mental and emotional interior, which urges us to see their careers in a perspective much wider than that of social chroniclers and rebels.


Objective To evaluative the clinical value of hysterosalpingography at the same time the joint fluid under fluoroscopic guidance through the oral treatment of tubal obstruction.Methods Followed-up and analyzed the patient with tubal obstruction infertility in recent 1 year(in Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University).Basing on patients' treatment,we divided into therapy groups and control groups.Treatment group were checked for hysterosalpingography,and fluoroscopy tubal,then after taking herbs,the principle of which was activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis and promoting circulation to remove meridian obstruction,plus or minus according to the dialectical syndromes,or supplemented chinese medicine cycle treatment,control group only were treated by fluid infusion fallopian tube.Statistics and comparative analysis of two sets of fallopian tube recanalization rate and pregnancy rate.Results Studies had shown that the treatment group fallopian tube recanalization rate of 98%,intrauterine pregnancy rate as high as 75.6%,but the recanalization rate of fallopian tube of control group that conventional treatment of tubal was only 78.4%,pregnancy rate was only 52.9%,two groups of patients with fallopian tube recanalization rate and intrauterine pregnancy rate had significant differences;and six months to one year intrauterine pregnancy rates were significantly different.Treatment group significantly better than the control group.Conclusion Tubal obstruction infertility patients by hysterosalpingography and tubal surgery,with Chinese Herbs Chinese and Western medicine treatment can improve the fallopian tube recanalization rate and intrauterine pregnancy.


Objective: To explore the effects of whole course nursing intervention in the prevention of adverse reactions caused by fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA).Methods: Two hundred and sixty-six patients undergone FFA were divided into the intervention group(141 cases) and control group(125 cases).The control group were nursed with conventional nursing.The intervention group were nursed with whole course nursing intervention including the psychological nursig of adverse reactions of gastrointestinal tract,nervous system and allergy,slide education and seeing on the spot based on the conventional nursing.The adverse reactions and patient satisfaction of nursing intervention of two groups were observed.Results: The incidence of gastrointestinal tract and nervous system reactions of the intervention group were lower than those in the control group(P 0.01 and P 0.05).The patient satisfaction of the intervention group(97.2%) was significantly higher than that of the control group(84.8%)(P 0.01).Conclusions: During the course of FFA examination and treatment,the psychological nursing,multimedia education and seeing on the spot can greatly reduce the tension and fear of patients,prevent and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions and improve patient satisfaction,which can obstain the most best examination effects.


Abstract Palmetto bass (Striped Bass Morone saxatilis × White Bass M. chrysops) have been stocked into reservoirs in the southeastern USA since the late 1960s and have gained widespread acceptance as a sport fish. These fisheries are growing in popularity and catch-and-release (CR) fishing is commonplace; however, there is a dearth of information on CR mortality of palmetto bass. We experimentally angled palmetto bass (n = 56; >373-mm TL) in a Tennessee reservoir using traditional angling gear in water temperatures ranging from 13°C to 32°C. Ultrasonic transmitters equipped with floats were externally attached to fish, which were released immediately and tracked multiple times within 10 d of release. Mortality was negligible (3.6%) in fall and spring at cool water temperatures but was high (39.3%) in summer when water temperatures exceeded 26°C. The best logistic regression model based on Akaike's information criterion for small sample sizes scores relied on water temperature alone to predict CR mortality...


The pharmacological impact of Oxadiazoles and Benzotriazoles are found active against number of pathogenic agents, individually.Number of biological activities has been awarded to the credit of these moieties.The combination of these two moieties also possesses pharmacological active characteristic. In this review, the biological impact of Oxadiazoles and Benzotriazoles derivatives are studied in details along with the combined impact of derivatives having these two moieties together. The findings of this review articles revealed that the solo and duet performance of Oxadiazole and Benzotriazole derivatives have been remarkable.


The refractive index of thin copolymer film was controlled by photo-degradation of chromophores in the copolymer. FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy were employed to elucidate the effect of chemical structure on refractive index changes after photobleaching. The decrease of refractive index of the film by photobleaching can be ascribed to the decrease of polarizability of polymer molecules through breakage of C C bond in the chromophore. Due to the selective photoreaction of the chromophores which align along the film plane, refractive index of the copolymer film measured in TE mode decreases faster than that in TM mode. Polarized ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was used to verify such a difference in refractive index of the film.


The invention discloses a control method for ensuring high-accuracy connection of a flangeless waveguide and a flange waveguide, relates to the technical field of a microwave part and aims to provide a control method which can be used for ensuring high-accuracy connection of the flangeless waveguide and the flange waveguide. The control method for ensuring high-accuracy connection of the flangeless waveguide and the flange waveguide comprises the following steps of 1) designing the flange waveguide and the flangeless waveguide according to GB11449 and GB11450; 2) arranging a convex flange disc to be connected with the flange waveguide; 3) arranging a concave flange disc to be connected with the convex flange disc; 4) arranging an expansion sleeve between the convex flange disc and the concave flange disc, wherein conical surfaces of an upper end and a lower end of the expansion sleeve can be respectively matched with conical surfaces of an upper conical hole and a lower conical hole; 5) installing the flangeless waveguide in an upper guide hole of the convex flange disc through the concave flange disc; and 6) gradually screwing an external bolt into a lower thread hole, so that the expansion sleeve moves towards a direction of the convex flange disc and inwards contracts to accurately position the flangeless waveguide.


Work-life balance debates continue to proliferate but give relatively little critical attention to managerial workers. This article draws on research into the experiences of managers in a local government organization revealing an intricate, multifaceted and heterogeneous picture of fragmentation, conflicting demands, pressures and anxieties. The study highlights the importance of paid work for public sector managers; the concomitant difficulties in controlling working hours for those in managerial roles and the extent to which shifts in work orientation occur during managers' careers. Research findings suggest that in practice work-life balance initiatives may only serve to increase managerial anxieties and pressures, the very opposite outcome to that intended. These themes do not feature in many work-life balance debates, which tend to assume the perfect manager who is able and willing to create a symmetrical balance between different spheres of life.


Volumetric imaging is a relatively new technology for threedimensional representation. In this article its political implications are sketched out. Especially important is that volumetric imaging can display spatial relations in an easily understandable way, thus it is a technology to control space. Its birth in the course of research on radar visualization points to this – and also its rare artistic usages, in which its implications are already critically discussed.


Foreland basins develop in front of orogens by flexure of the lithosphere. When they initiate over a crust that has been affected by a previous tectonic event, structural and thermal inheritance have a fundamental role in their evolution and different sources may contribute to basin subsidence. The present work analyzes the impact of inheritance from a rifting event on a foreland basin, which develops while thermal reequilibration has not been achieved at the time of loading. The Aquitaine Basin is the Pyrenean retro-foreland basin that developed from Campanian to Miocene. The Pyrenean orogenesis follows an Aptian-Cenomanian rifting during which the continental crust is thinned and sub-continental mantle exhumed. The orogenesis starts only 10 Myr after the end of rifting. The effects of crustal inheritance due to rifting on the evolution of the basin are studied by analyzing crustal structures, flexural behavior of the European plate, and foreland succession distribution. The subsidence evolution of the basin is studied by the 1D backstripping technique using borehole data. Finally, inversion mechanisms of the European margin are studied by cross-section construction and restoration at crustal scale. This study helps to define the role of rift inheritance on the initiation and the evolution of a retro-foreland basin, as well as the relative role of subsidence sources and their variations in space and time. The present work also shows the strong relationship between the retro-foreland basin's history and both mechanism and the history and mechanisms of inversion of a hyper-extended margin


Abstract We evaluate sexual adult size dimorphism and provide a sex-discriminating function for the Balearic Shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus). Blood samples taken from adults were used to sex birds by the amplification of the CHD gene. Linear discriminant analysis was applied to eight morphometric characters to determine whether any single variable or combination of them could provide reliable sex determination. Females were significantly smaller than males for most tested variables. Analysis indicated that head plus bill length and minimum bill depth were the most accurate variables in a discriminant function model, predicting sex with about 90% accuracy.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the behavior and the risk factors of nosocomial infection (NI) in patients in intensive care unit (ICU). To find effective countermeasures for preventing NI and reducing the incidence rate of NI in ICU. METHODS All data of patients who suffered from hospital acquired infection in ICU from 2001 to 2003 were analyzed by prospective monitoring and retrospective studies. RESULTS Incidence rate of NI in patients in ICU was 24%. It was significantly higher than average incidence rate of NI of the whole hospital at the same time. The average hospitalization days (43.78 days) and cost (67 369.30 RMB) of patients who suffered from NI were much higher than that of patients without NI. The lower respiratory tract was the most vulnerable site to infection, accounting for 55.26 % of all hospital infection. The most common infection microorganism in ICU was Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. CONCLUSIONS The incidence rate of NI in ICU is much higher than that in other departments. ICU should be treated as focal point of NI in hospitals. Risk factors depend on the severity of underlying diseases, invasive procedure, the quality of disinfection and sterilization, and patients′ immunity status especially in the old. The key to reducing incidence rate of NI is to take complebensive measures.


Introduction Let us consider a problem in poker: What is the total number of poker hands which (i) include two or more cards of the same rank or, (ii) consist of the same suit or, (iii) con sist of circularly consecutive ranks. (i.e., 10-J-Q-K-A, J-Q-K-A-2, Q-K-A-2-3 and K-A-2-3-4 are admitted. Many guide books for poker explain that the definition of 'straight' is usually a hand of consecutive ranks, or of A-K-Q-J-10, and sometimes a hand of circularly consecutive ranks. One may, however, feel that the latter definition is more interesting or more consistent from a mathematical point of view.) The answer is


Nutrition can be explained in different ways depending on the context at which one wants to use it for. Nevertheless, it can be said to be the study of nutrients and its roles to the body. According to the above definition, it directs to knowing the nutrients needed by the body and their roles when taken. As it is, there are six (6) nutrients in which the body needs which equally correspond with the six classes of food; protein, carbohydrates, fat and oil, vitamins, mineral salt and water.


The present invention relates to an arrangement to compensate a non-uniform air gap, which is located in an electric machine. The invention especially relates to a compensation of an air-gap, which is between a rotor and a stator of a generator. According to the invention the electrical machine contains a stator arrangement (108) and a rotor arrangement (114). The rotor arrangement (114) rotates around a longitudinal axis (A). At least parts (118) of the rotor arrangement interact with parts (111) of the stator arrangement to generate electrical power. The air gap is defined by the distance between the parts of the rotor arrangement and the parts of the stator arrangement. The parts of the stator arrangement are opposite to the parts of the rotor arrangement along a certain length. The cross section of the air gap changes along this length thus the air gap is not uniform in view to the referred certain length. The flux density of magnets, which are part of the rotor arrangement, is changed in dependency to the cross section of the air-gap.


Frequent random blood glucose testing usually involves using a lancet to stick a digit; results of previous studies have shown that sticking the side


In article possibility of use of modern information technology in the course cadets, listeners and Law-enforcement bodies employees training to actions in crisis situations is considered. Approaches to working out special program and software are offered, the technique of carrying out of employment is considered.


Obesity is a growing national epidemic that is associated with an increased prevalence of arterial disease. We found that aortic medial hypertrophy during obesity was accompanied by upregulation of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) and reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Interestingly, VSMC-specific deletion of SGK1 attenuated obesity-related aortic remodeling and restored mitochondrial oxidative capacity in VSMC implicating a mediator role for SGK1 in mitochondrial dysfunction during obesity. The mechanistic basis for impaired mitochondrial respiration during obesity in VSMC is unknown. Thus, due to its fundamental role in stimulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, the current study will investigate the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in obesity-related mitochondrial dysfunction in VSMC. As SGK1 is known to regulate the expression and/or activity of ion channels, we hypothesize that upregulation of SGK1 during obesity negatively regulates MCU expression, mitochondrial oxidative activity, and ATP production. MCU protein levels were assessed by western blot analysis. Mitochondrial oxidative activity and ATP production rate were measured using the Agilent Seahorse XF Cell Mito Stress Test and the ATP Rate Assay, respectively in cultured wildtype and SGK1 knockout aortic VSMC from low-fat (LF) control and high-fat (HF) obese mice. To assess the importance of MCU, both assays were performed in the presence or absence of the MCU inhibitor, Ru360. Obesity caused a significant decrease in MCU abundance, but SGK1 deletion resulted in enrichment of MCU in VSMC. Ru360 treatment reversed the increase in basal mitochondrial respiration. We found that obesity reduced overall ATP production by diminishing ATP production from glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. However, SGK1 deletion enhanced ATP production from glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration during obesity and this effect was attenuated by Ru360. These findings demonstrate that SGK1 negatively regulates MCU expression and activity and imply that augmentation of MCU-driven mitochondrial oxidative activity may underlie the protective effects of SGK1 inhibition on the vascular during obesity.


This study was conducted to determine: 1) Percentage of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019 that are classified as manipulators; 2) Percentage of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019 that are classified as nonmanipulators; 3) Percentage of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019 that are classified as gray companies. Methods of data collection using the method of documentation. Methods of data analysis with quantitative descriptive using the ratio proposed by Messod D. Beneish. The results of the study conclude 1) In 2017 there were 5.89% of companies classified as manipulators. While in 2018 and 2019 there were no manipulators companies. 2) In 2017 there were 52.94%, in 2018 there were 41.17%, in 2019 there were 70.59% of the total sample companies classified as non-manipulators. 3) In 2017 there were 41.17%, in 2018 there were 58.83%, in 2019 there were 29.41% of the total sample companies classified as gray companies.


Oral habits, such as protruding and low-set tongue, cause malocclusion and may re-sult in relapse after orthodontic treatment. Tongue position evaluation often relies on visual inspection; however, this approach does not provide objectivity and uniformity. X-ray cinematography is the conventional method for evaluating tongue function, but exposure to radiation is inevitable. Since a palatogram and pressure sensor may affect physiological tongue movement, Acoustic analysis methods such as zero-crossing rates and Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients(MFCCs)were investigated to be an alterna-tive. These metrics have been previously used, however it remains unclear whether it is possible to identify low-set tongue. In this study, we examined the discrimination of the low-set tongue during pronunciation. TPD5 is the distance between the center of the tongue and the palate. From our previous study, 16 participants with a TPD5 of 9.5 mm or more were classified as low-set tongue group by cephalometric analysis. 9 participants with normal tongue positions were included in the normal tongue group. Audio from each group was recorded and the zero crossing rates and MFCCs were quantified. There were significant differences in MFCC2, MFCC4, and MFCC10 between the normal and low-set tongue groups. It was suggested that low-set tongue and normal tongue can be discriminated by MFCC2, MFCC4, and MFCC10.


The midpoint method can be implemented as a sequence of Backward Euler and Forward Euler solves with half time steps, allowing for improved performance of existing solvers for PDEs. We highlight the advantages of this refactorization by considering some specifics of implementation, conservation, error estimation, adaptivity, stability, and performance on several test problems.


Food waste is a hot topic around the world due to the significant environmental challenge it poses. The study aims to assess the impact of food waste on the food chain at the national level. The data were obtained from quantitative impact studies, carried out in a project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Sustainable Development, "Methods to reduce food waste on the agri-food chain, at national level, to prevent and reduce socio-economic impact, until 2030". A total of 852 companies were interviewed, with a turnover of almost 6.5 billion euro and a number of over 69 thousand employees, including 273 primary production enterprises, 270 food processing units, 171 distribution/retail units, and 138 HoReCa units.


Within a week of this patient's birth, a physician discovered a loud systolic murmur. When the patient was 14 years old, the murmur disappeared. He developed a second murmur when in his mid-30s. At age 43, some 6 months before admission, he noted dyspnea on exertion, which became worse during the month prior to his hospital admission. He was never cyanotic.

His pulse was 80 beats per minute and regular; his blood pressure, 152/72 mm Hg; and his respiratory rate, 18 breaths per minute. Breath sounds were normal. There was no cyanosis, clubbing, edema, or sign of infective endocarditis. The carotid pulses were fuller and brisker than normal. The left ventricular impulse was prominent with the patient on his left side. No gallop could be heard. A continuous murmur with a peak in intensity in systole and another in diastole was loudest in the third left intercostal space. The admission electrocardiogram showed left ventricular enlargement (Figure) (1–3).

Figure

Electrocardiogram recorded on admission at age 43 years. The rhythm is normal sinus. The voltage of the QRS complexes meets several criteria for left ventricular enlargement: SV1 + RV5 or RV6 > 35 mm (1); SV2 + RV5 or RV6 > 45 mm (2); ...

A loud murmur that is heard soon after birth and subsequently disappears is usually due to a ventricular septal defect that subsequently closes spontaneously. The patient remembers being told that he had a hole between the pumping chambers of his heart.

Ventricular septal defect is the most common congenital cardiovascular malformation that manifests itself at the time of birth.(Bicuspid aortic valves and mitral valves that subsequently prolapse are more common but usually function normally at birth and for many years thereafter [4].) Complete spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defects is common (5). The prevalence of spontaneous closure may be as high as 75% to 80%, with most closures occurring in the first 2 years of life (6). A few spontaneous closures occur in adolescence or even adulthood (5).

Closure occurs by endocardial fibrous tissue proliferation, the result of turbulent flow through the lesion. The fibrous tissue closes muscular ventricular septal defects directly and closes membranous defects by attaching the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve to the margins of the defect (5).

The murmur that developed in the patient's mid-30s and was heard by us on admission was continuous, had peak intensities both in systole and in diastole, and was best heard in the third left intercostal space. Together with the brisk carotid pulses and the wide systemic arterial pulse pressure, the murmur suggested an aorto-right ventricular shunt. The spontaneous development of such a shunt in adulthood is usually due to rupture of a congenital sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. This was confirmed by echocardiography and by cardiac angiography and catheterization (Table), each of which demonstrated a shunt from the right sinus of Valsalva into the outflow tract of the right ventricle.

Table

Cardiac catheterization data

Congenital aneurysms of the sinuses of Valsalva are uncommon. Approximately two thirds arise from the right sinus and usually rupture into the right ventricle or, less commonly, into the right atrium (7, 8). About one quarter arise from the non-coronary sinus and rupture into the right atrium. Congenital aneurysms of the left sinus are rare. Some 75% to 80% of patients are males (7, 8).

The congenital fault is a weakness at the junction of the aortic media and the wall of the sinus of Valsalva (8). The aneurysm develops later, and the rupture comes much later, with the average age at rupture being in the early 30s (7, 8). Some unruptured aneurysms are discovered by chance on an echocardiogram done for another reason;a few cause symptoms or signs by pressure on other structures; and a minority never rupture (8). Most rupture, and then the aneurysm resembles a windsock with a large opening from the sinus of Valsalva and a narrow opening in the chamber into which it has ruptured.

The rupture may be accompanied by chest pain and dyspnea lasting days to weeks or may be asymptomatic, as in our patient (8). The left-to-right shunt is usually of moderate size, as it was in our patient, whose pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio was 1.9:1. Most patients eventually develop symptoms, and if the defect is not closed, full-blown congestive heart failure and death usually ensue.

The sinus of Valsalva aneurysm often distorts the attachment of the aortic valvular leaflet of the involved sinus. Aortic regurgitation may result but usually is mild. This was the case in our patient, in whom the aortic end of the aneurysm was closed by a patch after the aneurysmal tissue was excised. The aortic valve was not disturbed, and a postoperative echocardiogram showed only mild aortic regurgitation. The patient also continued to have good left ventricular systolic function postoperatively.

Ventricular septal defects are present in some 40% of patients who rupture a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm and are more common when the aneurysm involves the right sinus (7). Many of the ventricular septal malformations involve the outlet septum, and in those patients progressive aortic regurgitation may occur due to prolapse of a cusp into the defect. Other congenital cardiovascular defects are relatively uncommon in patients with ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms. To our knowledge, this is the first instance in which a coexisting ventricular septal defect closed spontaneously before the aneurysm ruptured, and perhaps before it developed.

The ventricular septal defect and the ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm each caused increased blood flow through both ventricles and the left atrium. With each malformation, however, most of the extra work was performed by the left ventricle. Thus, the electrocardiographic finding of isolated left ventricular hypertrophy was not unexpected.


The use of testosterone replacement therapy is increasing in men with hypogonadal symptoms. In this article the authors discuss the evidence that supports the careful use of testosterone replacement in men with successfully treated prostate cancer.


The aim of this study was to define a relationship between heavy metal (Cu, Mo) pollution of soil and various extracellular enzyme activities. Six enzymatic activities involved in cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur (β-glucosidase, chitinase, leucine-aminopeptidase, acid phosphomonoesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, and arylsulphatase) as well as microbial biomass were determined in soil samples collected in the surroundings of Zangezur Copper and Molybdenum Combine. The investigations showed that pollution of soil with copper and molybdenum led to a decrease in microbial biomass and soil enzymatic activity, which in turn had a negative impact on cycles of chemical elements, in particular C, P, N and S. This gives reason to conclude that the changes in soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activity may act as indicators of soil biological activity and quality.


Temperature-dependent local-density formalism is applied to the calculation of the screening density profile around a proton embedded in an electron gas. Characteristic quantities such as screening length, density at the proton site, and oscillations at low temperatures are studied. The total energy of the impurity and the entropy are computed and the existence of a bound state discussed. Comparisons are made with other linear and nonlinear theories, particularly the random-phase linear-response theory.


All medications have two properties, that of the western medicine and that of the traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine recognizes and explores the latter while western medicine recognizes and explores the former. Since both medical systems have their rationality, all medications should be developed in the light of both theories. In this way, we can bring into play the best efficacy of the drug, promote innovation in the development of new drugs and thus increase therapeutic effect.


The invention provides a glass shell which comprises a first portion and a second portion extending out from the first portion. The first portion and the second portion are positioned in different planes respectively, the glass shell is provided with a first surface exposed outside and a second surface arranged oppositely to the first surface, and multiple micro structures are directly formed on the second surface. The invention further provides an electronic product using the glass shell.


[Objective]To investigate the effect of simultaneous transurethral tumor resection and prostate electrocision in patients with non-invasive bladder carcinoma complicated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. [Methods] The clinical data from 65 patients with non-invasive bladder carcinoma complicated with prostatic hyperplasia in our hospital from April 2003 to August 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty-four patients (group B) underwent transurethral electrocision of bladder carcinoma alone and 31 patients (group A) underwent both transurethral prostate resection and transurethral bladder tumor resection simultaneously. The recurrence and progression rate, elapsed time to recurrence, and the recurrence rate in the prostatic urethra were determined and compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests. [Results] The patients were followed up for at least 12 months (mean 18.6, range 12 to 37).The average follow-up period was 16.9 months (range 12 to 32) for group B and was 19.8 months (range 13 to 37) for group A. The recurrence and progression rate for group B and A were 41.2% and 8.8%, 35.5% and 9.7%, respectively. Recurrence in the bladder neck and/or prostatic urethra developed in 1 patient in each group. No statistically significant differences were found between groups in terms of follow-up time, recurrence, progression, recurrence in the prostatic urethra, and elapsed time to recurrence. [Conclusion]Simultaneous transurethral prostate resection and transurethral bladder tumor resection for the treatment of patients with severe lower urinary tract symptoms complicated with superficial bladder tumor is safe and effective without recurrence in prostatic urethra and tumor relapse.


The accurate navigation of the Cassini spacecraft achieved during the Prime and Equinox Cassini Missions around Saturn will enable further exploration of this planet and its satellites. A seven-year extension beyond the Equinox Mission was proposed and approved by NASA. This paper summarizes the results of an orbit determination covariance analysis that was undertaken to assess the navigational capabilities for this future mission referred to as the Solstice Mission. The predicted uncertainties in the Cassini spacecraft ephemeris help establish a V budget for the maneuvers needed to keep the spacecraft on the reference trajectory, while the predicted pointing accuracies at the satellite ybys are used for science planning. The overall results will serve as a guideline during the mission.


Editor's notes: Building efficient hardware accelerators to speed up the hardware implementation of deep neural networks (DNNs) continues to present many challenges. This article discusses a novel approach to building hyperbolic tangent and Sigmoid functions that can be easily tuned for different accuracy and precision.—Vivek Chickermane, Cadence


We develop a unified treatment of truthful disclosure (persuasion) games, providing a joint framework that nests, among other models, unraveling theory, costly disclosure, uncertainty about information endowment and multi-dimensional disclosure. We show the existence of (at most) a unique equilibrium that is reasonable given a commonly used signaling refinement, and provide a constructive proof of the equilibrium strategy and beliefs. We use the model to examine the following question: can the sender benefit from a regulation that commits to disclosing more precise information? We show that the sender is worse off if an unconditional reduction in discretion induces a more informative equilibrium. Conversely, mandating disclosure of unfavorable information may increase the sender's ex ante payoff.


RAPID METHODS OF MEASURING PROPERTIES OF COMPACTED SOILS FOR PURPOSES OF CONSTRUCTION CONTROL WERE STUDIED. A NUMBER OF TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINING DENSITY, STRENGTH AND STIFF- NESS CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS WERE EVALUATED IN TESTS PROVIDING A RANGE OF SOIL TYPES AND A VARIETY OF COMPACTION METHODS. COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE DEVICES WERE /1/ A PORTABLE BACK-SCATTER NUCLEAR MOISTURE/DENSITY INSTRUMENT, /2/ A NUCLEAR ROAD LOGGER FOR MEASURING MOISTURE AND DENSITY, AND /3/ A SEISMOGRAPH. IN ADDITION, APPARATUS WAS DESIGNED AND CONSTRUCTED FOR RAPIDLY MEASURING PENETRATION RESISTANCE USING A CONE PENETROMETER, STIFFNESS USING A 6-IN. DIAMETER BEARING PLATE, AND CBR. FOR COMPARISON CONVENTIONAL SAND CONE AND MOISTURE CONTENT MEASUREMENTS WERE OBTAINED. THE RESULTS SHOW THE SUITABILITY OF THE DEVICES FOR DETECTING CHANGES IN COMPACTION WITH COMPACTIVE EFFORT, THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT METHODS AND THE VARIABILITY OF THE OBSERVED PROPERTIES. /AUTHOR/


This paper explores some of the characteristics associated with learning about the care and management of people with cancer in an interprofessional setting. Most cancer patients have contact with a variety of health care professionals on their cancer journey. This journey is explored for a woman with breast cancer who experiences, reports and receives advice for the chronic fatigue that many such patients have during and after treatments. Recent literature, especially that informed by patients' viewpoints, indicates that some patients perceive their care as fragmented and can be given conflicting advice from different professionals within the team. This paper demonstrates that working in an interprofessional way is full of complexities for the practitioners involved and argues for interprofessional education as a way towards more effective team work when two or more health care professionals are members of that team. The paper discusses theoretical aspects of interprofessional education, with a focus on knowledge development through shared learning and how this may be achieved for students studying cancer care. Barriers to the effective development of interprofessional knowledge are elaborated upon.


The effects of different organic fertilizers on yield,soluble sugar content and free amino acids content of the double cropping rice in southern China were studied by using field plot test.The results showed that the treatment D that using 20% of pig manure compost to instead of 20% of chemical fertilizer and treatment C that using 10% of pig manure compost to instead of 10% of chemical fertilizer had the highest yield;the yield of early rice in treatment D increased by 123.38% than that in treatment with no fertilization and by 8.41% than that in treatment with pure chemical fertilizers;the yield of late rice in treatment C and D respectively increased by 72.49% and 71.21% than that in treatment A with no fertilization,and respectively increased by 12.46% and 11.63% than that in treatment with pure chemical fertilizers.The results showed that applying organic fertilizers had no significant impacts on soluble sugar content and free amino acids content of early rice and late rice,but combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer with a proper ratio will help to improve the total soluble sugar content and total free amino acids content in stem,leaf and rice grain of rice.


The article presents a proposal to characterize the requirements of DW users profiles defined by Inmon, Terdeman and Imhoff (2001). In developing the initial proposal were considered the information regarding the informational needs and behavior of each type of user and its task environment. Four analytical categories were established: pattern of access and availability of information; pattern of information search and retrieval; pattern of queries preparation, pattern of situation and use conditions. The requirements were validated by semi-structured interviews with users of DW from Secretaries of Planning and Management and Finance of the State of Minas Gerais in 2009. Subsequently, the results obtained in the interviews were matched to the theoretical model of each profile for validation of the requirements of each user's profile. The refinement of requirements allowed the presentation of a set of requirements for user profiles that operationalizes the characterization of users DW proposed by Inmon, Imhoff and Terdeman (2001). It is expected that the proposed requirements allow  to supply part of the gap on the patterns of behavior and informational needs mapped to each profile and, thus, contribute to the development and better meet the needs of users of Data Warehouse. Full Paper PDF: http://www.contecsi.fea.usp.br/envio/11contecsi-files/papers/788/submission/director/788-2481-1-DR.pdf


Abstract : Two studies were performed to quantify the thermoregulatory responses to mask wear during heat exposure with and without chemical protective (CP) clothing. A powered air-purifying respirator was worn in one study whereas a negative pressure respirator was worn in the second test. Results suggest that there is no measurable thermal load attributable to just a mask in the absence of CP clothing. Unmasked and masked results during wear of CP clothing differed for each mask type and did not clearly indicate a thermal effect of a mask. Additional findings suggest that the protective suit may be the greatest contributor to physiological thermal load during heat exposure.


Simple Summary Aphids are vectors of plant viruses and can cause important yield losses in numerous crops. Rhopalosiphum padi is the main vector of Barley yellow dwarf virus PAV (BYDV-PAV). The yellow dwarf disease (YDD), present in all cereal growing regions in the world, caused by BYDV-PAV, can induce up to 80% of yield losses in barley. In a context of global warming, reduction of pesticide uses, and development of organic farming, new control methods for YDD incidence are needed. In this study, the association of a winter barley with clover was tested for its impact(s) on the R. padi/BYDV-PAV pathosystem. The effect of clover was different according to the morph of the aphid introduced in a multi-plant (i.e., arena) experimental design in laboratory. A spatial effect on aphid distribution (observed for alate founder morph) and a reduction of the size of aphid populations (observed for wingless founder morph) are described. However, the presence of clover did not modify, under our experimental conditions, the efficiency of BYDV-PAV infections and within arena spread of YDD. Thus, clover used by cereal growers for other services (weeds reduction, nitrogen supply, and soil cover), would participate to lower the risks associated to the presence of BYDV vectors through a bottom-up regulation of aphid populations within the field. Barley/clover intercropping should be considered as a promising method for a future management strategy against vectors of yellow dwarf disease, especially in an insecticide-free agriculture. Abstract Intercropping, i.e., association of two or more species, is promising to reduce insect populations in fields. The cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, a vector of the Barley yellow dwarf virus PAV (BYDV-PAV), represents a major threat for cereal grain production. In this study, we tested the potential of winter barley intercropped with clover to reduce the size of R. padi populations and to lower the BYDV-PAV incidence in fields. We used arenas (i.e., sets of 36 barley plants) intercropped with or without clover plants (at different sown densities). In each arena, a single viruliferous founder, R. padi, (with an alate or a wingless morph) was deposited to introduce aphids and viruses in the experiment. Thirteen days later, the number of aphids in the arena, the percentage of plants hosting aphids and the infection rates were monitored. Data produced through this experimental design showed that clover alters the distribution of the aphid progeny (lower aphid spread) produced by an alate founder morph. Moreover, clover reduces the size of aphid populations produced by a wingless founder morph. However, despite the effects of clover on biological parameters of R. padi, the presence of clover in barley arena did not modify BYDV infections, suggesting complex mechanisms between partners of the BYDV pathosystem for plant-to-plant virus spread.


Efforts at elucidating the structural biology of membrane proteins represent an ongoing challenge to conventional methods of structure determination. The emergence of new methods for the measurement and application of orientational restraints have offered new avenues of pursuing the determination of membrane protein structures. Presented in this thesis is the evolution of experimental and computation methods necessary to extend NMR based structure determination methods to the polytopic mercuric ion transport proteins of the mer operon. Primary structural efforts are focused upon the bi-spanning protein, MerF, using solution-state NMR methods on protein reconstituted into isotropic and weakly aligned micelles and solid-state NMR methods on protein reconstituted into statically aligned bicelles. The application of the methods developed for MerF are applied to a tri-spanning chimeric protein, MerTf, to extend the NMR based methodology toward the structure determination of the principal mercuric ion transporter, MerT


Polyfuran films have been synthesized by electropolymerization of terfuran and investigated as a function of film preparation conditions in both the doped and undoped state. These Films have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, dc conductivity, and electron spin resonance measurements. The electrolyte anion (dopant) used for the preparation of these films heavily influences the π-conjugated system of the polymer backbone. Structural disorder and doping level depends on the nature of the electrolyte anion. CF 3 SO 3 - was found to be the best dopant and to cause the least structural disorder or furan ring opening


Introduction (1) • Flutter: critical aircraft instability phenomenon unfavorable interaction of aerodynamic, elastic and inertial forces; may cause major failures • Flight flutter testing, very expensive and time consuming : Design the flutter free flight envelope • Flutter clearance techniques: In-flight identification: output-only, or using input excitations Data processing: time-frequency, wavelet, envelope function Flutter prediction based on model-based approaches: flutterometer (μ-robustness), physical model updating • Some challenges: Real time on-board monitoring, Handling transients between steady flight test points • Our approach: Statistical detection for monitoring instability indicators


Do mainstream psychologists think critically? And are the many critiques of the mainstream made by its (theoretical and philosophical psychology) critics "on target"? Answering both questions (critical and metacritical, respectively) requires consensus about what critical thinking consists in, and there seems to be little consensus in sight. I begin by accepting Slife, Yanchar, and Reber's (2005) claim that "rigorous thinking" itself is insufficient for critical thinking in and about psychology, and I then consider various suggestions made by critics of the mainstream about thematic assumptions (or content categories) that should be included in critical thinking about the mainstream. After identifying three areas of mainstream research in which some of these assumptions seem to have been challenged from within the mainstream, I conclude by considering how both critique and metacritique may be combined, repositioned, and/or recontextualized, to advance the important cause of (meta) critical thinking in and about psychology.


An important step in the feasibility study of radioactive waste disposal in Boom Clay is the demonstration that we can construct galleries using industrial techniques, keeping the disturbance of the host-rock at an acceptable level for the long term safety of the disposal site. The successful construction of a connecting gallery of 85m in less than 6 weeks demonstrated the feasibility. To limit the disturbance, an expanding lining type was used: the wedge-block system; for the same reason, the lining was installed as soon as possible after excavation and a minimal excavation rate (2m/day) was imposed. The total radial convergence was limited to about 0.09m; the excavation radius was 2.445m. An extensive instrumentation and observation program accompanied the construction of the connecting gallery. Sensors measuring displacements, total pressure and pore water pressure were installed in the host rock to study the hydro-mechanical behavior of the clay when the gallery was excavated. Sensors in the tunneling shield gave information about the instantaneous convergence and excavation parameters. Strain gauges were placed in three sections of the lining to study the evolution of stresses in the lining with time. A systematic observation of the face and side-walls provided a useful database of the shape and orientation of encountered fractures. This way, the origin of the fractures can be explained and substantiated. The fractures were induced by differential stresses, about 6m ahead of the excavation face. No evidence of natural induced fractures was found. On the other hand, qualitative evidence of selfhealing and self-sealing of the host rock was encountered.


ABSTRACT The dramas of William Shakespeare have been one of the potential sources for adaptation and appropriation. He dramatized basic issues like love, marriage, familial relationships, race, class, humor, betrayal, evil, revenge, murder and death. He crafted unforgettable characters, from lowly thieves to lofty kings, who have become archetypes of modern drama, but still remain people with whom we can relate. These basic concepts and eternal characters provide filmmakers with the finest raw material to create great visual treats. The notable director Vishal Bhardwaj received much critical acclaim for his trilogy, Maqbool inspired by Macbeth, Omkara by Othello, and Haider adapted from Shakespeare's Hamlet. However, Bhardwaj has taken certain liberties to mold the story according to his cinematic demands. The present article analyzes Vishal Bhardwaj's Maqbool and Shakespeare's Macbeth in the light of comparative analysis. It begins by defining comparative literature in brief and moves on to discuss the opening scenes, the art of characterization, the different dramatic devices that are being employed, the setting and the ending. It also explores the points of contact and departure between the adaptation (Maqbool) and the original source text (Macbeth).


Some of the recent progress in generating hierarchically structured hybrid materials using peptide–polymer conjugates is presented. In particular, we review some of the developments in de novo designed coiled-coil helix bundles and their synthetic polymer conjugates from a materials point of view. As one of the most important motifs underlying many of the functionalities found in natural proteins, coiled-coil helix bundles present unique opportunities to generate functional materials with structures and functionalities similar to those seen in nature. As we utilize peptide tertiary structures stabilized by non-covalent interactions, the principles governing the assembly process at multiple length scales become more complicated. Some challenges, as well as the critical areas that require further study for the advancement of this burgeoning field, are discussed. Further investigation will not only improve our fundamental understanding of multi-length scale assembly in multi-component systems, but may also lead to very unique functional biomolecular materials.


The authors deal first with boundary value problems for harmonic functions on symmetric Riemann surfaces, showing how symmetric conditions on the boundary translate into symmetric solutions which, ...


This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education under project TSI2010-20488. Our thanks to the
Alaquas city council, the clubhouse's managers, and also to Polimedia for the support in computer hardware.
A. Catala is supported by a FPU fellowship with reference AP2006-00181.


T h is research aims to describe MIPA teachers ' ability to design knowledge assessment through the analysis of achievement aspects of knowledge assessment. This research use d a descriptive method with SMP MIPA teachers in Pontianak City who ha ve taught for more than 5 years and have an undergraduate degree as the population . The sampl es in this research, selected using a purposive sampling technique, consisted of 12 teacher s who submitted MIPA test items . The research instrument used the data of the test item document designed by the teachers in the form of a multiple-choice test. The d ata were analyzed descriptively which include d data reduction, systematic data display , and conclusion. The results showed that of the 12 test instruments made by with 380 questions in total, the teachers ' ability to design knowledge assessment (M ultiple C hoice Q uestion s) obtained 17.37% of knowledge aspect, 67.90% of understanding aspect, 8.68% of implementation aspect, and 6 . 05% of analysis aspect. There were no questions made related to evaluation and creation aspects . Keywords: teachers ability, designing knowledge assessment.


With multiple technologies to choose from in the Mobile applications space, it is hard to clearly determine what tool is best for the job. One particular technology that is growing to meet the needs of enterprise users worldwide is SMS / MMS. With the growing popularity worldwide of text messaging, many companies have begun to look at the possibilities of the use of plain and multimedia text messages for both internal and external communication purposes, as well as alternatives to mobile applications to either provide a method to interact with end users in a device-agnostic fashion or gather / provide information such as promotions, or account information. This study helps in explore some of the facts and figures about text messaging, textual revolution and business opportunities, how is text messaging being used by business, marketing and advertising, text message marketing revolution, mobile internet revolution and how small business can benefit, growing popularity of text messaging and scammers of it, business benefits of text messaging, pro's and con's of text messaging.


Distribution of  Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever case in Salatiga in 2011 - 2015 showed wide expansion of the case. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Salatiga in collaboration with B2P2VRP performed capacity building of vector surveillance facilitators using interactive method as an early warning system response to the spread of DHF transmission. Facilitators were cadres and teachers who were expected to optimize larval monitoring activities in family and at school. The stydy objective was to measure level of knowledge of facilitators before and after receiving capacity building activities. Research was conducted at Kelurahan Gendongan and Tingkir Tengah with data collection in February - September 2014. The research was an intervention study with one group pre-post test without control design. The result showed that capacity building could increase knowledge of both the facilitator (PSN cadres and teachers) before and after the intervention. There was no difference of post test knowledge level between cadre group and teacher. Capacity building activities with interactive methods can increase participants' knowledge with different educational background. The health office was recommended to use interactive methods in refreshing DBD vector surveillance materials on cadres and teachers to improve the sustainability of community participation in other kelurahan in larva surveys.


The discontinuous Galerkin FEM is used for the numerical solution of the three‐dimensional Maxwell equations. Control of errors in the numerical level for the divergence‐free constraint of the magnetic field can be obtained through the use of divergence‐free vector bases. In this work, the so‐called perfectly hyperbolic formulation of the Maxwell equations is used to retain both divergence‐free magnetic field and in the presence of charges to satisfy the Gauss constraint for the electric field at the numerical level. For both approaches, it is found that higher‐order approximations have favorable effect on the preservation of the divergence constraints and that the perfectly hyperbolic formulations retains these errors to a lower level. It is shown that high‐order accuracy in space and time is achieved in unstructured meshes using implicit time marching. For nonuniform meshes, local resolution refinement is used using p‐type adaptivity to ensure accurate electromagnetic wave propagation. Thus, the potential of the method to reach the required higher resolution in anisotropic meshes and obtain accurate electromagnetic wave propagation with reduced computational effort is demonstrated.