AIM:To search for a novel endothelin receptor antagonist compound 0213 by testing its biological activities.METHOD: The functional suppression tests of endothelin-1 (ET-1) induced contraction of rat thoracic aorta and ET-1 binding on myocardium served as the preliminary tests for 77 new compounds and compound 0213 was chosen to search for the potency and selectivity of effects on the ET_~A and ET_~B receptor of rat myocardium,thoracic aortic and guinea pig bronchial smooth muscle.RESULT: Compound 0213 was effective to suppress the vaso-contraction and ET-1 bindings on rat myocardial membrane preparation.The pA_~2 to suppress ET-1 induced contraction of rat thoracic aorta (mediated by ET_~A ) and sarafotoxin (S6c) induced contraction of guinea pig bronchial smooth muscles (ET_~B mediated ) was (8.52±0.26) and (7.28±0.04),respectively. The potency to suppress ET_~A and ET_~B of compound 0213 was (2.57±1.41) nmol/L (n=9) and (95±34) nmol/L (n=5).The potency and selectivity of compound 0213 was better than that of Bosentan.CONCLUSION:A novel endothelin receptor antagonist compound 0213 is promising to be a useful agent in dealing with cardiovascular disorders.


In the perspective of political and military pénétration into North Africa in the 19th century, or the geographical identification of régions at that time continuing on into the 20th century, several concepts hâve been used as tools, borrowed from European history (such as "natural frontiers ", and "régions " with similar words). In some cases, the systematical utilization is more récent, as can be seen with hinterland, which expressed political targets at the end of the 19th century. The analysis of this last spécial concept leads to two observations: first, the définition, even tentative, of what are the gênerai catégories of space and territory (contrary to territory, hinterland is an hybrid, and a rather embarrassing concept, which is not characterized by boundaries nor by a particular name); secondly, the illustration of ceaseless, surprising migrations of notions, considering the fact that hinterland indicated the inland of a continent or a country, then designated the inner area of a port in North Africa, and, finally, was regarded, from an economical, edulcorated point of view, as the backward régions of European towns.


RESPECT THE INVENTION COMPOSITION REFRACTORY RAW MADE OF REFRACTORY AGGREGATE AND A BINDING THE AGGREGATE REFRACTORY. INVENTION THE BINDER COMPRISES OF SILICA BINDER SOLUBLE WATER OR dISPERSIBLE IN WATER BECAUSE OF 1 TO 20 WEIGHT IN RELATION TO THE AGGREGATE rEFRACTORY, AN ORGANIC BINDER carbonizable BECAUSE OF 2 TO 15 WEIGHT COMPARED TO rEFRACTORY AGGREGATE AND AGENT TYPE CURE PHOSPHATE BECAUSE OF 0.5 TO 20 WEIGHT COMPARED TO REFRACTORY AGGREGATE. APPLICATION TO MANUFACTURING FIREBRICKS.


Sepsis remains to be one of the most urgent problems of modern medicine, which are associated with a steadily high mortality (as high as 70%). The central point of the pathogenesis of abdominal pathogenesis is the translocation of the gram-negative flora and the elevated blood concentrations of lipopolysaccharide in the bacterial cell wall (endotoxin), which induces a systemic inflammatory reaction and has direct and indirect cell damaging actions. The technologies that have recently emerged in the clinic for the selective hemosorption of endotoxin in combination with dynamic monitoring of its blood level (LAL test) open up wide prospects for the treatment of abdominal sepsis. The paper gives a clinical example of successful therapy for septic shock, by using the sorbent LPS adsorber (Alteco, Switzerland) in a patient with abdominal sepsis in the presence of blood cancer. Selective hemosorption of endotoxin could substantially reduce its blood concentration, which attenuated a systemic inflammatory reaction, stabilized hemodynamics, and improved lung microcirculation with resolution of respiratory failure. Key words: abdominal sepsis, endotoxin, selective hemosorption.


Good approximation of an array pattern is the product of the element pattern of a real antenna times the array factor. Elements determine the array bandwidth and polarization and impact the array gain. This chapter introduces potential elements for timed array and their characteristics. An array of point sources is a simple model for estimating the array beamwidth, directivity, sidelobe level, and grating lobe formation. The array pattern approximately equals the product of the array factor and the element pattern that combines the characteristics of both the element positions and weightings with the characteristics of the element. The orientation of the time-varying electric field incident on a receive antenna determines the current flow induced in the antenna. Arrays are designed to be either linearly or circularly polarized. Wideband elements are emphasized, because a wideband array is often affiliated with a timed array.


In order to achieve high-precision observations of solar spectral irradiance,a method which combines solar motion trajectory tracking and four-quadrant detector based on photoelectric tracking was adopted.The principles of solar motion trajectory tracking and the design of the tracking device based on four-quadrant detector were discussed in detail.To test the tracking precision of the device,a test system based on linear CCD was designed,and the outdoor experiment was carried out.The results show that the sun-tracking accuracy of the device is better than±0.030,and the stability is better than 1.4%,which meet the requirements of the high precision spectral irradiance observation.


In this paper the rank-dependent expected utility theory is substituted for the expected utility theory in models of tax evasion. It is demonstrated that the comparative statics results of the expected utility, portfolio choice model of tax evasion carry over to the more general rank dependent expected utility model.


Magnesium hydroxide with nanometer level,powder shape,even particle size and fine dispersion was synthesized by direct precipitation method with magnesium chloride and ammonia as raw materials and PEG 2000 as surfactant.Effects of system temperature,precipitation time,the stirring speed,molar ratio of reactants and the quantity of PEG 2000 on the mean particle size of Mg(OH)2 particles were studied and morphological structure of the particle was characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results showed that the optimum conditions for preparing nanometer magnesium hydroxide were as follows:system temperature 25 ℃,precipitation time 20 min,stirring speed 500 r/min,molar ratio of reactants 1∶3.0,PEG 2000 amount 1.50 g/mol MgCl2.


iv event, it is how much of its quantum's duration the event strikes us as taking up. Because a quantum is the unit of felt duration for both shortand long-lived events, their felt durations are comparable, allowing for a unified system for measuring felt duration.


Biogas produced from the anaerobic digestion of sludge at wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is categorized as renewable energy. A variety of materials such as municipal wastes, agricultural residues, and industrial effluents can be utilized as potential co-substrates in anaerobic co-digestion for enhancing methane production from wastewater treatment plant sludge. The application is also beneficial for waste treatment and environment protection. This review is intended to introduce and summarize fundamental information about potential organic wastes that can be applied in anaerobic co-digestion, particularly in the process with wastewater treatment plant sludge as primary substrate. The most current literature investigating eligible organic waste resources as co-substrates, analysis of approaches in biogas production from co-digestion, and strategies for the operation of anaerobic co-digesters are introduced and reviewed.


v-Triazolo[1,5-b]pyridazinium salts 5a-c synthesized from α-pyridazinyl ketone arylhydrazones and 2,4,4,6-tetrabromocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one (TBB) reacted selectively with nucleophiles to yield - besides substituted derivatives 6 - ring-opened cyano compound 9 and/or v-triazoles containing olefinic side chain 10–12. Mechanistic considerations reveal that cation 5 reacts with nucleophiles predominantly at C-7 unless other positions are especially activated. This selectivity proved to be in good agreement with results of semiempirical quantum chemical calculations.


Quantum technologies are expected to be among the most transformational technologies of the twenty-first century, changing how we sense the world around us, approach security, and process critical information. Transitioning the industry from quantum research labs to the commercial environment requires a sizable workforce skilled in supporting Quantum 2.0. To achieve the goal of the entire quantum ecosystem, society at all levels needs to be aware of this emerging field and then be inspired, attracted, educated, and trained with the new quantum skills and competencies. This poses a challenge as quantum science is a difficult and counterintuitive subject. How is a subject such as quantum mechanics that, as the famous quantum scientist Richard Feynman once said, "nobody fully understands" to be taught? In this presentation, we will share our experiences and results of EdQuantum, an NSF-funded project whose goal is to develop a curriculum to train future quantum technicians. The proposed curriculum intends to provide an essential first step in quantum education at the associate's level. The curriculum relies heavily on a visual, hands-on approach that is based on commercially available quantum educational hardware. The curriculum strives to bring complex quantum science to a level understandable to individuals without a solid scientific background through algebra-based theory and simple experiments. As such, it may also be used to raise awareness and inspire high school students to seek careers as future quantum scientists.


We propose a uniform asymptotic solution for the field diffracted by a lossless right-angled dielectric wedge illuminated by a plane wave at normal incidence. The diffraction problem is solved by splitting the observation domain in the inner region of the wedge and the surrounding free-space. The scattered electric field in each region is assumed to be originated by a set of equivalent electric and magnetic surface currents involved in the well-known radiation integral. Such currents are localized on the interior and exterior faces of the wedge, and expressed in terms of the corresponding geometrical optics field. Useful analytical manipulations and asymptotic evaluations of the resulting integrals allow one to obtain the diffraction coefficients in terms of the Fresnel's reflection and transmission coefficients of the structure and the transition function of the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction. The related diffracted field compensates the discontinuities of the geometrical optics field and gives total field levels in good agreement with finite difference time domain results.


The test of pharmacodynamics and toxicology heve been done on the basis of effectively treating taedium in children with instant powder for taedium.The result shows that this powder can enhance the D-xylose elimination rate,tiredness tolerance and tolerance to hypoxia of Rats, Promoting appetite,it can help rats with spleen - asthenia to gainweight. It can also increase content of blood serum IgG, it also has dual control effect upon strengthening normal peristalsis and relieving abnormal cramp of Rabbit's intestines of smooth muscle without poisonous side effect, which offered theoreti-cal evidance for treating taedium.


The anodic polarization curves of carbon steel in solutions containing tungstate were measured using rotating disc electrode (RDE).The effects of scan speed of potential and concentration of tungstate,chloride ions,calcium ions and magnesium ions on polarization curves were studied.The results showed that the system was still in stable state when the rotating speed of RDE was 1000 r·min -1 even though the potential scanned at such a quick speed as 5 mV·s -1 .In deionized water,carbon steel could be passivated with 1×10 -4 mol·L -1 tungstate,but it should be passivated with 1×10 -2 mol·L -1 tungstate in 50 mg·L -1 Cl - solution.There was competitive adsorption between WO 4 2- and Cl -.Increase of Cl - in solution would reduce the quality of passivation film,so that pit corrosion took place on the surface of carbon steel more easily.Existence of Ca 2+ in solution was unfavorable to the formation of passivation film.1×10 -3 mol·L -1 Mg 2+ in solution could affect the polarization curve markedly.It could be found from results of ESCA that Mg existed in the passivation film of carbon steel.This indicated that Mg 2+ ions in solution were involved in the formation of the passivation film.


Measurements of distance obtained interferometrically are modulo(X) but can be made with accuracy of a fraction of the wavelength of the light used. Various techniques have been developed to overcome this limitation and obtain an absolute distance measurement with interferometric accuracy. To accomplish this, it is necessary to make measurements with more than one wavelength. The basic principles of absolute distance interferometry are discussed and the current state of the technology is reviewed.


Stereotypical behaviours are repetitive and apparently functionless behaviours exhibited by captive animals, which are often associated with suboptimal environments. in horses, stereotypical behaviours include repeated weaving, box walking and head nodding. the aim of this study was to assess whether stereotypical behaviours in mares were associated with reproductive success. in total, 114 arab mares were observed for the presence of stereotypical behaviours. all mares were mated or inseminated during the following breeding season and reproductive success was monitored. thirty-one of 114 mares (27 per cent) showed stereotypical behaviour; mostly weaving (22 per cent) but also box walking (9 per cent), door kicking (2 per cent) and head shaking and lip snapping (1 per cent each). Mares that exhibited stereotypical behaviours had lower mating success than those that did not. in mares that showed stereotypical behaviour, overall conception rate was lower (55 per cent versus 84 per cent) and both the first and second service conception rates were significantly lower. the authors conclude that, while mares that exhibited stereotypical behaviours did show oestrus, they were less likely to conceive than mares not exhibiting stereotypical behaviours. they suggest that stereotypical behaviours seem to lower fitness and that, therefore, they may not be an adaptive coping mechanism.


An algorithm for computing 2D stable and unstable manifolds of hyperbolic fixed points of discrete dynamical systems is shown. With the fact that Jacobian transports derivative along orbit of an invariant manifold,an algorithm for computing 1D manifold is proposed. The mesh point is located with a Prediction-Correction scheme which reduces searching time and at the same time gives rise to a simplified accuracy condition. 2D manifold is computed by covering it with orbits of 1D sub-manifold. A generalized Foliation condition is used to guarantee that 2D manifold is growing equally along orbits of 1D sub-manifold in different directions. Performance of the algorithm is demonstrated with hyper chaotic 3D Henon map and Lorenz system.


Abstract The biofertilizers are utilized to enhance the fertility of the land utilizing biological wastes, thus the term biofertilizers, and biological wastes do not contain any chemicals which are obstructing to the living soil. Bio-manures are one of the best cutting edge modern tools for agriculture. It is an ability of our current agricultural science. Biofertilizers are connected in the rural field as an extra to our conventional fertilizers. Conventional fertilizers contain compost; domestic wastes and green manure. Those are not as active as chemical fertilizers. So, farmers often try to use chemical fertilizers in the field for crop growth. But actually, the chemical fertilizers are not eco-friendly. They are responsible for water, air and soil pollution. Furthermore, they may abolish the fertility of the soil in a long run. Researchers have developed Bio-fertilizers to check pollution and to make the environment hale and hearty for everyone in a natural way. Bio-fertilizer contains microorganisms which upsurges the enough quantity of nutrients to the host plants and defend their proper development of growth and regulation in their physiology. Alive microorganisms are used in the preparation of bio fertilizers. Only those microorganisms are important for specific functions to enrich plant growth and reproduction. There are various types of microorganisms which are useful for the bio-fertilizers. Bio-fertilizer being essential components of organic agriculture play crucial role in sustaining long term soil fertility and sustainability. Keywords: Bio-fertilizer, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Rhizobium, VAM, Zinc solubilizer, VAM, crop production, sustainable environment Cite this Article Dr. Mamta Singh. Biofertilizer:  A Pathway  Towards  Eco-green Environment. Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology . 2015; 4(1): 12–18p.


We propose a way to include small-scale inhomogeneities and sharp boundaries in high-order acoustic finite di erence schemes. The method is based on representing the inhomogeneities as secondary sources defined on dense auxiliary grids. Interaction of the secondary sources with the finite di erence scheme is performed by interpolation. We observe good agreement of the method's results with precise solutions for simple models in 2D.


ABSTRACT Sweden describes its feminist foreign policy (FFP) as strategically illuminating structures of gender inequality by incorporating a feminist perspective in all areas of foreign policy, analytically and practically. This study scrutinizes the transformative potential of Sweden's FFP discourse. Feminist scholarship argues for recognizing interrelations between gender and postcolonial structures; stressing gender hierarchies as contextual and contingent on various power structures. Using critical discourse analysis, we analyze documents, statements and speeches produced within the Swedish FFP in relation to postcolonial feminist theory. We find that a large part of the Swedish FFP discourse reproduces essentialist discourse informed by colonial legacies, but with a new feminist label. There are, however, signs of an emerging reformed discourse that strives to transform postcolonial power structures, taking intersectionality into account. This emerging discourse contributes to an understanding of how a feminist foreign policy could be articulated and practiced to become truly transformative.


France was a latecomer to the Indian Ocean among European powers. After some tentative and short-lived initiatives by private merchants, the first French East India Company was founded in 1664 by a French monarchy eager to catch up with England and the Netherlands, which had founded companies of their own at the beginning of the 17th century. Competing with the English and Dutch to replace the Portuguese as the preeminent European power in the Indian Ocean, France gradually established a network of colonial holdings that included the island colonies of the Mascarenes in the southwestern Indian Ocean (Réunion and Mauritius) as well as a network of trading posts along the shores of the Indian subcontinent. Plans to expand this colonial empire to Madagascar, however, met with repeated failure. Established as a regional power by the middle of the 18th century, France would be reduced by the century's end to the role of a spectator of Britain's rising hegemony. Nevertheless, France held on to some of its Indian Ocean territories, including Réunion and Pondicherry in South Asia. These outposts of French imperialism would inspire nostalgia, regret, and new colonial ambitions among metropolitan observers, and they would become sites of cultural hybridity and exchange. Indeed, while France's empire in the Indian Ocean is often overshadowed by the emergence of British dominance in the 19th century, or by the intensity of French investment in the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean was a key area of French military, diplomatic, economic, and cultural interest in the 17th and 18th centuries, and beyond.


Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS)is a rare malignant tumor of the dendritic cell, derived from the hematopoietic tissue.The major clinical manifestation of IDCS is superficial lymphadenopathy, and the enlarged lymph nodes may appear in some atypical ereas,such as the lung,kidney,bladder and the pleura,etc.With the development of the pathological diagnosis and the application of immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopes,the case detection rate is apparently improved.With the high degree of malignant,rapid progress and poor prognosis of the disease,currently,surgical therapy is still the main approach to the treatment of IDCS.

Key words:
Dendritic cell sarcoma,interdigitating; Diagnosis; Therapy


SUMMARY Variation in urinary creatinine in nine male and twelve female buffalo calves divided into three equal groups on diets containing three levels of dietary protein intake (low, medium and high) was estimated. The variation in urinary creatinine (% and total) was large from animal to animal and also from day to day (P < 0·01) in the same animal. It was not affected (P > 0·05) by the level of dietary protein. The creatinine-nitrogen ratio decreased (P < 0·01) with increase in the protein level of the ration, but the creatinine coefficient (creatinine per kg body weight) did not differ significantly (P > 0·05). The male and female animals responded similarly. It was concluded that urinary creatinine (% and total) and the creatinine coefficient cannot be used as an index either in nutrient balance studies or for evaluating ruminant nutrition in general. The creatinine-nitrogen ratio could also not provide a suitable yardstick to evaluate protein status of the animals because of the significant interaction of days × protein. The nitrogen balance is considered to be better for this purpose.


Treatment effect estimation through regression discontinuity designs faces a severe challenge when the running variable is measured with errors, as the errors smooth out the discontinuity that the identification hinges on. Recent studies have shown that the variance of the measurement error term plays an important role on both bias correction and identification under such situations, but little is studied about how one can estimate the unknown variance from data. This paper proposes two estimators for the variance of measurement errors. The proposed estimators do not rely on any external source other than the data of the running variable and treatment assignment.


Cervical cancer occurs in the cells of the cervix and in the early stages it generally produces no symptoms or signs. The detection of the cervical cancer as early as possible is still a research challenge and the most common four tests are: Hinselmann, Schiller, Citology and Biopsy. The correlation of the features, the small number of data samples and the high class imbalance are still research challenges that must be considered in the cervical cancer diagnosis. In this article the cervical cancer diagnosis is approached using a machine learning method in which the features are selected using linear correlation and the data is classified using the Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithm. The hyperparameters of the SVM are selected using Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO). The method is tested and validated on the publicly available Cervical cancer (Risk Factors) Data Set from the UCI Machine Learning Repository.


Diclofenac sodium 0.1% (Voltaren) prevents surgically induced miosis during extracapsular cataract extraction in a more long lasting way than indomethacin 1% (Indocid). Just before the IOL-implantation, in eyes treated with diclofenac sodium eye drops, the apparent mean pupil size was constricted by approximately 1 mm less than in the control group (p.01). At the same critical moment, 50% of the pupils treated with diclofenac sodium and only 20% of the pupils in the control and indomethacin groups were larger than 6 mm.


Vertigo can influence of the activity and productivity of patients, this is due to sleep quality disorders in patients so that they easily experience fatigue and irritability when working during the day. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the sleep quality of vestibular vertigo patients who seek treatment at the hospital. This research is an observational study with a cross sectional design. The population in this research were vestibular vertigo patients who were treated at the polyclinic of Siti Rahmah Islamic Hospital in Padang City during January 2023 - February 2023, there are 36 samples were obtained using the total sampling technique. Univariate data analysis is presented in the form of frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using chi-square test, and data processing using computerized SPSS program IBM version 25.0. In this study, it was found that most patients with vestibular vertigo were central type, which 20 people (55.6%), the most sleep quality was poor, which 23 people (63.9%), and there was a significant relationship (p=0.022) between vestibular vertigo and patient sleep quality. Most vestibular vertigo is central type with most sleep quality is poor, and there is a relationship between vestibular vertigo and sleep quality of patients who were treated at the polyclinic of Siti Rahmah Islamic Hospital in Padang City.


tion of masculinity in images and the gendered character of consciousness, is both innovative and compelling. Images speak, but how they are received has long been a challenge for scholars of media and representation. The problem no less troubles Higbie's project. The "labor's mind" he describes is that of a class fraction of left activists. The typicality of these activists and the resonance of their position remains unclear, especially as one moves into the post-war era. Activists may have claimed "a collective subjectivity" (p. ), but such an assertion feels less viable in a post-war era marked by events, such as the  Hard Hat Riot. Still, Higbie productively tackles the ambiguity of class position. He references the post-war muddiness of class when an increasingly large percentage of working people begin to attend college and reminds readers often of the liminal position of the writer-scholar-educator as working-class cultural worker. Higbie notes, however, at the end of his third chapter, how post-war industrial labor relations countered ideas about the murkiness of class or the notion of class fractions with the notion that there were, in fact, many working classes (p. ). One need not embrace the idea of many working classes to acknowledge workers divide into many diverse groups. In that respect, both post-war ideological pluralism and the evidence of class fractions with a solitary class both speak to limitations implicit in the notion of a single labor mind. Labor is of many minds, and with Higbie's helpful start, scholars must now move on to examine the character of the labor mind in its diverse and changing formations.


Any surgical intervention to a central nervous system requires special accuracy and selectivity of the effect on the cancer cells. The application of laser-spectroscopic methods provides a unique opportunity to non-invasively determine the most significant parameters that characterize the tissue states. Moreover, non-invasive state assessment of the brain tumor tissue and surrounding tissues is essential for performing a relapse-free operation. Indocyanine Green (ICG) is a photosensitizer approved for clinical practice and has absorption peak in the near-infrared range corresponding to the spectral transparency window of biological tissue. Also, the aqueous colloidal solution of ICG aggregates was used for spectroscopic properties research in glioma tumor cells. The comparative analysis of ICG in molecular and nanoforms demonstrate the difference between spectral values which allow distinguishing monomers and aggregates in tumor tissue.


The forklift truck is one of important equipments of the modern logistics system. As the forklift truck is running, the driver seat and steering wheel of a certain type of fork-lift truck vibrate strongly, virtual prototyping technology and multi-body dynamics are used to make simulation of dynamic performance of forklift truck in this paper, and then the test result is compared with time course load that obtained from frame junction with the annex. We should repeatedly modify the simulation model based on test results, which is consistent with the actual results. Based on this model, so we put forward measures for improving design: Firstly, the axis of rotation of oval steering axle is implied; Secondly, the overhead guard is connected with the frame by the rubber cushion blocks at four different locations; Thirdly, the engine is fixed on the frame by the rubber cushion blocks (shock mount) in two different position. The improved simulation and experimental verification are carried out under the same conditions, and the results show that the fundamental frequency of seat of the improved fork-lift truck and vibration energy are lower. The result proves the practical value of this method in the research of the vibration characteristics of complete engineering machine. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.


The beam-foil spectrum of fluorine has been studied in the far uv at energies ranging from 1 to 12 MeV. Identifications have been suggested for 22 lines of F vi, vii, and viii in the wavelength range between 400 and 1200 A including three F vii transitions from doubly excited states. Mean lives of 29 levels in F ii to F viii were measured, and these are compared with other measurements and with theoretical values where available.


The effect of alkaline portease modification on the nitrogen solubility index(NSI) of high-temperature denatured soybean meal was investigated.The optimal conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis of high-temperature denatured soybean meal were explored by single factor method and response surface analysis.The optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were found to be:substrate concentration,8.56 g/100mL;enzyme loading,13004.69 U/g pro;hydrolysis pH 9.0,hydrolysis temperature,59.10 ℃;and hydrolysis time,20.47 min.The degree of hydrolysis(DH) was 15.86% under the optimal hydrolysis conditions,and the NSI was 92.58%,much higher than that before the hydrolysis of 21.24%.


and others described how the " pictorial turn " in cultural studies and the " digital turn " in the history profession were changing their teaching. They argued historians' increased use of visual material (the pictorial turn) necessitated teaching students how images influenced past developments and how historians increasingly employed images to shape versions of the past. The accessibility of online images and new technological capacities for organizing and presenting visual material (the digital turn) motivated the authors " to [help] their students become sophisticated readers – and perhaps even authors – of image-based historical narratives. " " While an emerging body of scholarship addresses the development of historical-thinking skills using textual sources, " the historians observed, " little has been published on how the pictorial turn might simultaneously complicate the study of history and offer new opportunities for faculty to teach students to think historically. " Moreover, new multimedia enables students and teachers to explore alternative ways of composing, presenting, and contesting historical knowledge. 1 With evidence from a small study involving pre-service history teachers, this essay explores PowerPoint slideshow's capacities for introducing history teachers and students to the pictorial and digital turns for representing and narrating the past. Based upon this research I argue image-dominated PowerPoint slideshow provides teachers and students with a unique and powerful tool for composing and interrogating historical evidence and narrative. By putting slides together in new ways slideshow history composers have surprises, insights, and even


The question of whether colour categorisation is determined by nontrivial constraints (i.e., universal neurophysiological properties of visual neurons) is an empirical issue concerning the organisation of the internal colour space. Rosch has provided psychological evidence that categories are organised around focal colours and that the organisation is universal; this commentary reconsiders that evidence.


Cernek lake is one of the most important lakes of Kizilirmak delta that also recognized as a Ramsar Site. During 1996, in zooplakton collected monthly, 10 cladocerans, 3 copepods and 18 rotifers, totally 31 species, have been identified. Of identified species, Diaphanosoma lacustris, Daphnia longispina, Moina micrura, Pleuroxus aduncus, Alona rectangula, Leydigia leydigi, Acanthocyclops robustus and all Rotifera species are first records for Cernek lake. Determined species have been compared with previously studies. It is obvious that lake has given important losses in zooplankton diversity by depending on eutrophication.


One of the most widely used drugs in the fight against cancer is a simple, 11-atom, inorganic cis complex of platinum called cisplatin. Curiously, its trans isomer is clinically ineffective against tumors. The mystery of why one structure is active but the other isn't is slowly being unraveled by chemists and biologists working hand in hand at, among other places, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Recently, important details about the molecular mechanism of action of cisplatin have been uncovered at MIT using a variety of methods, including tissue culture experiments, x-ray crystallography, and molecular mechanics calculations. These tools were marshaled by MIT chemistry professor Stephen J. Lippard and his collaborators with support from the National Cancer Institute. Cisplatin has become the focus of much scientific attention because an understanding of how this relatively simple drug kills cancer cells could shed light on the molecular basis of antitumor activity in general. Such knowledge might h...


A novel infrared (IR) photodetector structure is discussed. It represents a waveguide in which the core is a strained-layer GexSi1-x/Si superlattice (SLS) sandwiched between Si layers of a lower refractive index. Absorption of infrared radiation occurs in the core region due to interband electron transitions, and photogenerated carriers are collected in the Si cladding layers. Due to the recently discovered effect of bandgap narrowing by the strain in alloy layers the fundamental absorption threshold of the SLS is shifted to longer wavelengths, so that the detector can be operated in the range of silica-fiber transparency, 1.3-1.55 µm. The optimum SLS composition and thickness have been estimated from the known material properties and waveguide theory. The detector quantum efficiency grows with the optical path length, remaining consistent with the requirements of high-speed fiber-optical communications. A major advantage of the proposed structure is the possibility of obtaining avalanche gain in the silicon cladding. First experimental results have demonstrated the validity of the concept.


The paper analyzes three elite athletes' rear whip leg skill by means of Sports Biomechanics' three-dimensional imaging method,and finds the technical characteristics and kinematics characteristics of rear whip leg through Sports Biomechanics analysis.The paper provides a strong scientific basis for the overall levels of competition.


Among all the various tumors in a human body, the Brain tumor is the most belligerent disease, which may cause a short life span with an aggressive growth inside the part of brain. Classifying the brain tumors is a complex and time-consuming task. Also, manual investigation of the MRI images may prone to errors. In the recent computer world, artificial intelligent based analysis has made tremendous progress in the field of processing, analyzing and classification of various medical image sources. Automated Classification of brain tumors have been proposed in this paper to classify the 2D Magnetic Resonance brain Images (MRI) of the brain is whether affected by any one of type of brain tumor namely, normal, glioma, meningioma and pituitary. In this study, the proposed parameters of Convolutional Neural Network model are optimized using one of the efficient methods, Grid Search. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is implemented using Keras and Tensorflow as it produces to better performance and accuracy than the usual classifier proposed in various models. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 90.25% when compared with other existing popular CNN models such as AlexNet, VG-16 and CNN model without parameter tuning.


Proceedings of the September 1999 workshop on defining requirements for future systems in the areas of database and artificial technologies. The 151 contributions discuss innovative applications and new architectures; mobility in databases and distributed systems; similarity search; web-based inform"


We report a rare case of konjak flour foreign body in the esophagus. A 68-year-old man complained of a difficulty in passage after he swallowed 4 grams of konjak flour wrapped in the wafer without water which he had taken every day for 6 months for the possible prophylaxis of arteriosclerosis. An esophagography revealed a pooling of barium at the cricopharyngeal constriction and a foreign body shadow of 7cm length. A direct esophagoscope was performed under general anesthesia. A white mass turned gelatinous by absorbing water was discovered at the cricopharyngeal constriction. The majority were removed bit by bit with forceps, but the rest was fallen into the stomach. After the operation, a good passage was obtained on the esophagography and the patient was discharged. The chief component of konjak flour is glucomannan, indigestible polysaccharide. Some people have believed that glucomannan has a lowering effect on the concentration of blood cholesterol. We emphasize a possibility that glucomannan becomes a foreign body by expanding with water and turning gelatinous in the esophagus.


In this paper, sampled‐data control of locally Lipschitz nonlinear systems is studied. The controller is designed entirely in the discrete‐time domain. The design is based on the approximate discrete‐time model of the continuous‐time system obtained using the Euler method. The analyses of the closed loop system establish trajectory convergence, which implies asymptotic/exponential convergence for arbitrarily small sampling time. The major contribution of this paper is that asymptotic/exponential convergence of the closed loop system is proved under some additional conditions for a sufficiently small but nonzero sampling time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society


I. INTRODUCTION: THE PARADOXES OF CONSTITUTION-MAKING There is a paradox, well described by Jon Elster, (1) that the crisis conditions that often lead to constitution-making are incompatible with the kind of deliberation thought necessary for the creation of a constitution consistent enough with the needs of its polity to be successful. "Post-conflict" situations are likely to involve crises that motivate constitution-making, but are also likely to create conditions in which the probability of creating a lasting constitution at one blow is low. This essay explores the consequences of this observation, suggesting that those committed to constitutionalism need an expanded repertoire of approaches in post-conflict societies (including contingent, incrementalist, revisable or interim approaches). Moving directly to traditional, comprehensive forms of constitution-making (2) in some circumstances may be antithetical to promoting the conditions necessary for constitutionalism--including trust in legal institutions. (3) The increasing range and diversity of constitution-making approaches is humbling, or should be, especially for those seeking to influence other countries' decisions of when and how to engage in constitution-making. Constitutions are a foundation for the rule of law, insofar as they specify the rules by which law is made, interpreted, applied, enforced, and changed; successful polities need a constitution (written or not) to allocate these responsibilities. Yet making a written constitution may at times be antithetical to the constitutionalism it seeks to promote. And calling the process "constitutional" may at times be antithetical to producing the kind of agreement that may lead to a more permanent, or legitimate, state of constitutionalism. A second and related paradox of relevance to constitution-making in post-conflict societies arises from the distinctive features of constitutions. In most settings, constitutions are understood to be legal instruments that are foundational in terms of defining and allocating legitimate governmental authority, hierarchically supreme over other sources of law, (4) and entrenched--meaning that they are more difficult to change than other forms of law and intended to be more enduring. In the kinds of crises generated by conflicts and their aftermaths, the entrenched, foundational, and supreme character of the constitution as a matter of legal hierarchy can help to mobilize attitudes of public-spiritedness and elicit extraordinary efforts to produce the best possible document. Bruce Ackerman famously refers to "constitutional moments" of high popular mobilization and enhanced deliberation, beyond the type characteristic of "ordinary" politics. (5) Moments of dramatic regime change, as occurred in Iraq and Afghanistan, may enhance the conditions for this version of constitution-making, as the very rupture creates a "veil of ignorance" regarding future politics and enhances the capacity for longer term deliberation. (6) The raised stakes of constitution-making may not only move contending parties to focus on the constitutional project, but also encourage elites--who, having invested in the project of constitution-drafting, may have incentives to persuade those whose assent is required to ratify the document and then, as actors in the political system, to try to make the constitution work. (7) However, a constitution's entrenched character, together with its foundational and hierarchically supreme status, may also create disincentives to cooperative or public-spirited drafting behavior. Existing powerful parties fearing the loss of power through an entrenched constitution may, rationally, be obstructive; they may refuse to participate, block thoughtful compromises, or otherwise seek to derail the project. (8) In societies with existing cleavages based on ascriptive identity with a clear majority in one group, minority groups may be reluctant, even in moments of regime change, to bargain over a document that is likely to entrench majority power; where the rule of law is weak or legal institutions unsettled, minorities may not be willing to rely on a legal instrument's statement of rights. …


Recently, electric vehicles (EVs) using energy storage have gained attention over conventional vehicles using fossil fuels owing to their advantages such as being eco-friendly and reducing the operation cost. In a power system, an EV, which operates through the energy stored in the battery, can be used as a type of load or energy source; hence, an optimal operation of EV clusters in power systems is being extensively studied. This paper proposes an optimal strategy for charging EVs in parking lots. This strategy is based on the model predictive control (MPC) framework due to the uncertainty of loads, renewable energy sources, and EVs, and considers the voltage stability of the distribution systems. EV chargers in the parking lot charge EVs to minimize the charging cost, which results in a sudden increase in charge load at a certain time. As a result, an excessive voltage drop may occur in the power system at that time. Therefore, we need to minimize the charging cost of EVs while preventing an excessive voltage drop in the power system. The parking lot is stochastically modeled to consider EV uncertainty under the MPC framework. In the MPC framework, the charging schedule of an EV charger in the parking lot is optimized by considering both voltage stability and charging cost minimization in real time. The charging constraints on voltage stability are updated through parameters that change in real time, and thus, errors caused by uncertainty can be reduced. Subsequently, this charging strategy is applied to multiple chargers through Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed charging strategy is verified based on MATLAB/Simulink.


"'T'his parvenu form of wealth, this most colossal creation of modern indusX try, this peculiar economic mongrel, whose feet are rooted in the earth but whose head rests on the stock market, gives aristocratic land ownership a mighty rival and the middle class an army of new troops." In this state ment of 1862, Karl Marx tried with the help of mixed and stretched meta phors to describe the importance of railroads for the ascendant business class in Europe. Yet railroads after 1848 were no longer the exclusive domain of private capitalists. Unlike the two decades preceding the revolution of 1848, when entrepreneurs enjoyed uncontested leadership in railroad ownership, during the 1850s they vied with the state for control of the business. In 1848 the Prussian government neither owned nor administered a single kilometer of rail. By 1860 the state owned 1,494 kilometers of rail and administered an additional 1,270 kilometers of private rail, controlling 49 percent of Prussia's entire rail network of 5,674 kilometers. Competing with the business class to control policy and profit in the railroad industry, the state changed the entre preneurial dynamics of railroad building. The tension that developed between railroad businessmen and the govern ment arose from the economic importance of railroads. Massive capitalization and profits reveal the preeminent role of railroads in the industrial revolution. Railroad investment in Germany between 1850 and 1873 represented onequarter of all investment. In 1849 the 107 million thalers invested in Prussia's nineteen private railroad companies netted profits of 9,271,084 thalers; in 1856, 273.25 million thalers netted profits of 24,083,604 thalers; and by 1866, 499.5 million thalers produced 65,789,856 thalers in net profit. The magni tude of such figures emerges more clearly when we know that the average cost of starting up a coal mine—no small business venture—was around one million thalers in the 1850s and that the Prussian state debt in 1850 stood at 156 million thalers.


The invention discloses a method for absolutely positioning a screen coordinate. The method can be provided for absolutely positioning a point, to which an input device points in a screen, so that a system can obtain the point to which the input device points in the screen by the method. The basic principle is similar to visible light imaging, namely five electromagnetic wave emitters are mounted on four vertexes and in the center of one edge of a television, the input device includes one electromagnetic wave emitter and one electromagnetic wave line imager, and when an electromagnetic wave is input and emitted, the electromagnetic wave is reflected by the television, at the moment, the imager in the input device has six points (four reference points, one direction point and one reflection point), and the position to which the input equipment points can be determined according to the six points. Due to the device, a user can operate a set-top box and the smart television in a most intuitive manner. The device can be used for operating a mouse pointer or an aim point of a shooting game.


This paper aims to describe the personality in prison population and compare them with a sample from the general population in Ecuador. With this aim, the following instruments were administered in an individual session: the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III), the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The results showed that there are significant differences between jail inmates and the general population in all measures. Antisocial and paranoid personality characteristics were the most prevalent in jail inmates; in addition, they presented higher levels of aggression and impulsivity. Regarding the presence of psychopathology, the higher prevalence of anxiety, delusions, and dependence on substances and alcohol should be underlined.


A noun compound is a sequence of contiguous nouns that acts as a single noun, although the predicate denoting the semantic relation between its components is dropped. Noun Compound Interpretation is the task of uncovering the relation, in the form of a preposition or a free paraphrase. Prepositional paraphrasing refers to the use of preposition to explain the semantic relation, whereas free paraphrasing refers to invoking an appropriate predicate denoting the semantic relation. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised methodology for these two types of paraphrasing. We use pre-trained contextualized language models to uncover the 'missing' words (preposition or predicate). These language models are usually trained to uncover the missing word/words in a given input sentence. Our approach uses templates to prepare the input sequence for the language model. The template uses a special token to indicate the missing predicate. As the model has already been pre-trained to uncover a missing word (or a sequence of words), we exploit it to predict missing words for the input sequence. Our experiments using four datasets show that our unsupervised approach (a) performs comparably to supervised approaches for prepositional paraphrasing, and (b) outperforms supervised approaches for free paraphrasing. Paraphrasing (prepositional or free) using our unsupervised approach is potentially helpful for NLP tasks like machine translation and information extraction.


We build upon much of the accumulated knowledge of the widely used SLEUTH urban land change model and offer advances. First, we use SLEUTH's exclusion/attraction layer to identify and test different urban land cover change drivers; second, we leverage SLEUTH's self-modification capability to incorporate a demographic model; and third, we develop a validation procedure to quantify the influence of land cover change drivers and assess uncertainty. We found that, contrary to our a priori expectations, new development is not attracted to areas serviced by existing or planned water and sewer infrastructure. However, information about where population and employment growth is likely to occur did improve model performance. These findings point to the dominant role of centrifugal forces in post-industrial cities like Baltimore, MD. We successfully developed a demographic model that allowed us to constrain the SLEUTH model forecasts and address uncertainty related to the dynamic relationship between changes in population and employment and urban land use. Finally, we emphasize the importance of model validation. In this work the validation procedure played a key role in rigorously assessing the impacts of different exclusion/attraction layers and in assessing uncertainty related to population and employment forecasts.


Abstract : ONE FAMILY OF SOLUTIONS IS PRESENTED FOR A MONOTONIC TRANSITION FROM A CIRCULAR ORBIT TO AN EQUILIBRIUM GLIDE. It is performed at high lift coefficient and low L/D, and terminates at a match point where the prescribed conditions of the glide are met. The vehicle then continues on the glide at a higher value of L/D. The high rag required during transition entails the use of a large auxiliary light-weight drag body, which is jettisoned upon arrival at the match point. The presence of this drag body results in a reduction of the total heat load on the vehicle itself. The exact amount of this reduction depends on the details of the design, but it can be typically of the order of 3/4 in an entry with a peak acceleration of the order of 7 g. As a result, the maximum average vehicle temperature can be made relatively low, with consequent advantages in the structural design, and in the thermal protection of the payload. (Author)


Fisheries support about 8% of the world's population. Fishers tend to be small-scale operators, and so information and knowledge about them is scattered and scarce. Contributions of small-scale fisheries to food security, well-being and resource conservation are mostly unaccounted for in policy and decision-making. The lack of detailed information about small-scale fisheries has resulted in systematic underestimation of their importance in addressing global crises, including malnutrition, poverty and biodiversity loss. The Global Partnership for Small-Scale Fisheries Research, "Too Big to Ignore", has been established to rectify the marginalisation of small-scale fisheries in national and international policies, and to develop research and governance capacity to help address global fisheries challenges.


In this work, a proposal of an indirect solar dryer with a vacuum solar collector and storage of water-sensitive heater is presented. A mathematical model is presented as the first approximation to evaluate the performance. The test climatic conditions are based on the city of Cascavel (Paraná, Brazil) and the resolution of the model was aided by the EES program. In order to analyze the performance of the system, a model load was created based on the references found in the literature, sample of 80 kg with initial water content of 75% w.b and final of 10% w.b, for drying time of 4 h and 3 h with air velocity of 0.7 m/s and 1.1 m/s respectively. It was possible to simulate the variation of the temperature of the reservoir during the day, as well as the response of the heat exchanger to the variation of temperature of entrance of the fluids and the climatic influence, radiation and ambient temperature in the participation of the solar energy in the total energy consumption of the drying. The simulations suggest good results with solar fraction between 20 and 47 %, meanwhile in the literature the values reported are between 10 and 25%.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Gene therapies can be envisioned for many disorders where conventional therapies fall short. Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs) are inherited, mostly monogenic, disorders resulting from deficient lysosomal enzyme or co-factor activity. Existing standard-of-care treatments for LSDs are expensive and can negatively impact quality-of-life. They also may not be sufficiently efficacious. LSDs are particularly amenable to gene therapy as modified cells can secrete functional enzyme that can also correct unmodified cells. Gene therapies may thus be able to provide sustained long-term correction for LSD patients. Areas covered: We highlight recent advances and discuss advantages/disadvantages of gene therapies with a focus on lentiviral and adeno-associated virus vectors currently in clinical trials for LSDs. We also mention promising strategies that are close to clinical testing. We emphasize protocols using ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell-directed gene therapy, systemic/liver-directed gene therapy, and brain-directed gene therapy. We also discuss next-generation gene therapy approaches and how they may address emerging challenges in the field. Expert opinion: Gene therapy is still in its infancy with respect to LSDs. However, efficacy and safety has been demonstrated in numerous pre-clinical studies, and promising clinical results suggest that gene therapy treatment for several LSDs is a real possibility. Trial registration: EU Clinical Trials Register identifier: 000359-26. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03580083. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03566043. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00337636. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02800070. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00151216. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01161576. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01414985. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03454893. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00004294. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00001234. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01560182. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01801709. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02559830. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03488394. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02702115. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00004454. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03041324. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01474343. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02716246. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03612869. Trial registration: EU Clinical Trials Register identifier: 000856-33. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03315182. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03173521. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00976352. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03533673. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02240407. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01896102. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02725580.


The leaves of Lantana camara were submitted to preliminary phytochemical study obtaining essential oil and methanolic extract. In the analysis of the essential oil (hydrodistillation), they identified cariophilene (7.3%), Germacrene B (37.5%) and Germacrene D (21.7%) as the most relevant of the nine components obtained. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) revealed from the partition of the ethanolic extract (EtOH) of the Leaves of L. camara was subjected to filtration and column chromatography (CC) resulted in lavone, unheard of in the species. The structure was defined as 1 H and 13 C (1 D and 2 D) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry, similar to 5'-O-α-L-rhamminopyranosyl-1'-β-D- glucopyranosyl-4', 6-dimethoxyflavone, pectolinarin. This compound has been subjected to biological tests, larvicide, acetyl cholinesterase, antioxidant and cytotoxicity. The compound isolated at 600 ppm, caused low mortality. A complete analysis of 95% of the deaths during 48 hours of exposure of the worms to the extract showed effective larvicidal action. The antioxidant activity of the compound, in the face of the free radical sequestration method DPPH, presented an LD50 0.29 mg. mL-1. Regarding its toxicity, it showed a lethal concentration (LC50) of 35.7 ppm, indicating high toxicity, and remaining active for more than 48 hours.


182 Austrian children (all using Austrian "Vollsalz" with 10mg KJ/kg salt ),aged 2 months till 14 years, were investigated in a cross sectional study with the approval of their parents. Measurements of T4, T3, rT3,T3U and TSH (before and after TRH 5mcg/kg) were done by RIA. Free T4RIA- and free T3RIA-Indices and the ratio rT3/T3 were calculated. Results:Geometric mean serum concentrations of T4,T3, rT3 and TSH(basal)were not age related different; T4 showed a not significant negative slope with ageing. The geometric mean values of T3U were different between the age groups. The ratio rT3/T3 remaines constant. TRH induced TSH release is unchanged from 2 months till 14 years. Our results differ in part to those of the literature.


The title compounds are synthesized for the application as energetic materials via a simple and scalable method without complicated purification procedures.


Administration of desoxycorticosterone acetate in comparatively high doses causes nephrosclerosis with increased blood pressure and disturbances in electrolyte metabolism, a fact which has been demonstrated in the chick, dog, cat, rat and monkey. Unilateral nephrectomy and a high intake of sodium chloride facilitate the production of these toxic actions of desoxycorticosterone acetate.1In addition to the nephrosclerosis, the most striking features of this overdosage are the formation of "Aschoff bodies" in the heart and the presence of periarteritis nodosa,2a condition occasionally seen in man following an attack of rheumatic fever. Since in addition choreiform twitches and a few rare cases of arthritis were also encountered in desoxycorticosterone acetate treated animals, it may be said that all the elements of the complex rheumatic syndrome were reproduced in the experimental animal. However, the great frequency of joint manifestations in the spontaneous disease of man and its comparative rarity in


Athletic heart syndrome is a medical condition common to the endurance athlete, whether human or canine. It is a characterized by the presence of bradycardia, arrhythmia in the form of P wave amplitude increase, QRS wave voltage and amplitude increase, ST segment elevation, and QT segment lengthening. Also indicative of athletic heart syndrome is hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle, mostly the left ventricle and ventricular septum, and presence of systolic murmurs. These findings are concluded through the use of auscultatory means as well as electrocardiography. Causes of athletic heart syndrome are most likely attributed to the physiologic response of the heart to endurance training, but genetics, hormonal responses, environment, and nutrition may all have an effect. Research in the field of canine athletic heart syndrome is severely lacking, and further elucidation of the causes and consequences of this medical condition in the canine endurance athlete may prove to be useful in both humans and canines in the related conditions of systolic anesthetic complications, training, nutrition, and sudden death syndrome.


Theory suggests that the effects of disadvantaged neighborhoods on child educational outcomes may depend on a family's economic resources as well as the timing of neighborhood exposures during the course of child development. However, most previous research assumes that disadvantaged neighborhoods have the same effects on all children regardless of their family resources, and few prior studies specifically analyze the timing of exposure to different neighborhood conditions across the early life course. This study extends research on neighborhood effects by investigating how timing of exposure to disadvantaged neighborhoods during childhood and adolescence affects high school graduation and whether these effects vary across families with different economic resources. Results based on novel counterfactual methods for time-varying treatments and time-varying effect moderators indicate that exposure to disadvantaged neighborhoods, particularly during adolescence, has a strong negative effect on high school graduation, and that this deleterious effect is much more severe for children from poor families. The severe impact of spatially concentrated disadvantage on children from poor families suggests that ecological socialization models of neighborhood effects must account for the interactions between nested social contexts like the family environment and local neighborhood, as well as for the dynamic coevolution of these contexts over time. Effects of Neighborhood Disadvantage among Poor Families 3


Natural Sciences[1] Natural Sciences[1]Climate Change [2]climate history [3]rainfall [4]Water [5]Sweden [6] Climate records show no evidence of increasing extremes in wet-dry climate in the twentieth century that is projected by current climate models, shows new study. A new study published in Nature [7] has looked at 1,200 years of water history in the northern hemisphere, and found a rather different story to that simulated by climate models for the same period. While climate models suggest that the twentieth century witnessed many periods of extreme wet and dry climate, records of past climate apparently do not show any evidence of this. "Climate models indicate that in general, wet regions will get wetter and dry regions will get drier in the future with global warming. But we haven't really seen [evidence of] this yet," says lead-author Fredrik Ljungqvist, from the Department of History, Stockholm University. The new results, which are published in the journal Nature, suggest that there is a long way to go before we can accurately predict patterns of drought or flooding in the past and in future, says Ljungqvist.


We apply two different resonant four‐wave mixing techniques to transient molecules that are produced by laser vaporization into a supersonic expansion. Degenerate four‐wave mixing (DFWM) excitation spectra are obtained for C3 and SiC2 and two‐color laser‐induced grating spectroscopy (LIGS) is used to produce background‐free stimulated‐emission‐pumping spectra of SiC2.


Human investigators were observed while attempting to process satellite images for the purpose of extracting roads. Their techniques included devising a set of rules that helped them separate road from non-road pixels in the image. A Genetic Algorithm was used to simulate the process by which human informants constructed sets of rules and found better sets of such rules in a much shorter period of time.


After the massive investigation in Changchun "Koa Architecture" and by using the survey data collation and analysis,the article puts forward the report of digital planning and simulation research on the reconstruction plan.With the result,city planners could compare and balance the protection of historical buildings and rationality and economy of reuse technology in a new platform.Using 3D digital software in Changchun typical "Koa Architecture" —the Pseudo Manchuria State Council,the article makes an analysis of digital restoration and planning for the future simulation research,which would not only play a positive role in deep study of the style of architecture,but also promote the process of digital city.


[Objective] In order to understand the healthy people's measles immunity and master the immunity levels of the healthy population. [Methods] Took 0.2 ml blood from the ear or fingertip, separated serum and measured the antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition test. [Results] The positive rate of antibodies of the measured people was 93.54% , and the GMT was 1 to 38.90.The rate of people, whose antibody titer was more than 1 to 16, accounted for 80.26%. The antibody levels in various age groups were so different. [Conclusion] By investigating the antibodies levels of people in different regions and different age groups, it's discovered that there are no significant differences between the antibodies of urban and rural healthy crowd. But there are differences between the revaccination groups in urban area and rural area. It is suggested that future work should enhance effective vaccination rates and focus on the 8 months to 2-year-old age groups children's basis vaccination and revaccination and establish the immune barrier of measles to control and eliminate measles.


Background: Infant formula usage in hospitals is inevitable in certain circumstances. We explored the high-risk groups who required formula during hospital stays during the post-intervention phase of a quality improvement initiative for improving exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates in hospitals. Methods: A retrospective and case–control study was conducted involving 50 cases of neonates who received infant formula and 200 control who were exclusively breastfed. Data regarding maternal and neonatal details were from breastfeeding assessment forms and case record which was collected prospectively during the program. We compared common risk factors between the two groups. Results: There was a strong association between infant formula usage and cesarean sections, assisted reproductive technology (ART) conceptions, multiple gestations, neonatal intensive care unit admissions, being small for gestational age, and being an infant of a diabetic mother. First-h breastfeeding was associated with a higher likelihood of EBF in the hospital. In the final model, ART conception, multiple gestations, and delayed initiation of breastfeeding were strong predictors of the use of infant formula in the hospital. Conclusion: Initiating breastfeeding within the 1st h promotes EBF. ART conception and multiple gestations remain strong risk factors for formula usage, the social, physiological, and genetic reasons for which will need to be studied in detail.


Ecitonides constanceae sp. nov., a new species of the myrmecophilous genus Ecitonides Wasmann, 1894, which is associated with army ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ecitoninae), is described from Peru. The holotype, which is the only known specimen, was collected at light at Los Amigos Biological Station, Madre de Dios department, Peru. The army ant host species is unknown. The new species is distinguished from congeners and an updated key of the species, as well as a checklist of Ecitonides and their associated host ants are provided. Based on the holotype we non-destructively extracted DNA and sequenced two genes which were incorportated into an existing molecular phylogenetic dataset and analysed using Bayesian Inference. Ecitonides is recovered as sister to recently described thermitophilous genus Ruptor Żyła et al. 2022 and placed in the so-called 'Medonina and allied taxa' clade. Beyond Bayesian Inference phylogenetic analysis and their associated nodal support methods, we also explored the position of the Ecitonides within the posterior sample of trees produced in the Bayesian analyses, which further supported its placement.


Hans-Joachim's work was first reviewed at length in the English speaking world by Marion Muller in Upper and lower case (U&lc) in 1988. But by the time of his death in 2009 Hans-Joachim Burgert's work in many media, together with his critical writings on aesthetics and calligraphic theory had carried his international reputation well beyond the scope of his press. In this article Clayton describes some of the books Burgert produced but his main purpose is to paint the wider picture of the influence his work has had in one particular area – a transformational development in western calligraphy at the end of the twentieth century. If Edward Johnston was the key figure at the opening of the twentieth century, Burgert is the key figure at the century's conclusion.


To report first results of an early bladder‐cancer detection programme, and to evaluate the detection rate and the diagnostic value of the tests used.


In order to effectively identify the respiration and heartbeat information from the radar echo signal, reduce the positioning error, and improve the detection accuracy of the ultra-wideband radar life detector. The WA-EMD denoising and reconstruction algorithm is proposed, and the peak-to-peak value, variance, standard deviation and distance error of the PE method are compared and analyzed. The results show that the WA-EMD algorithm can effectively separate the respiration and heartbeat from the preprocessed signal. The detection target error of the PE method is determined to be less than 5%, which verifies the feasibility of the detection distance of the PE algorithm.


Water irradiated with ultrasonic wave affects early growth in plants. We prepared water containing various concentration of carbon dioxide. In this paper, the relationship between irradiation time of ultrasonic wave to water and concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in water was investigated. The results obtained are as follows : 1) Early growth in plants using water irradiated with ultrasonic wave has close relation with dissolved carbon dioxide : 2) Most suitable concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide for early growth differs with kind of plants.


Based on the analysis of the factors that affect system nature frequencies, a protection scheme based on nature frequencies is proposed. It is analyzed that the nature frequencies exist in fault component besides power frequency and the energy is strong and easy to sample. For phase-to-phase faults, the differences of nature frequencies at two ends of transmission lines and the impedance criterion are used to identify internal and external faults. Compared to conventional protection schemes, this scheme can decrease action time for internal fault. The scheme is immune to system oscillations, load current, fault time, transient resistance, fault location and mode of operation. Moreover, the current transformer saturation has less influence on the scheme. ATP simulation and MATLAB analysis verify the effectiveness of the scheme.


In this paper we present axiomatic characterizations for several classes of credibility-limited base revision functions and establish the interrelation among those classes. We also pro-pose and axiomatically characterize two new base revision functions.


As noted in my introduction to Part 1 of this essay,l the use of citation analysis, for faculty evaluation as well as research, has increased significantly. In their article, LOwell L. Hargens and Howard !khuman inform us that, in fact, the vast majority of biochemists and sociologists they surveyed had used the Science Citation Index ~ (SCI @), or the Sociai Sciences Citation Index a (SSCI @J)primarily for information retrieval, though respondents also noted that it is used for tenure evaluations. Hargens and Schuman collected data from two groups, biochemists and sociologists, to test the following three hypotheses as mentioned in their article:z (1) Scientists who are highly cited will b-e more likely to use citation counts for gauging scholarly contributions than will infrequently cited scientists. The former will also evaluate citation counts for this purpose more highly than the WIX (2a) Scientists in fields with relatively low levels of consensus on appropriate researeh questions and techniques are more likely to use citation counts to measure individuals' scholarly contributions than scientists in fields with relatively high levels of consensus. The former also will evaluate such use of citation counts more favorably than the latte~ (2b) The relationship between one's own citation level and one's use of citation counts to measure scholarly contributions will be stronger in fields with less consensus than in fields with more consensus. Similarly, the relation between one's own citation level and one's evaluation of citation counts as a measure of scholarly contributions will be greater in lowthan in high-consensus fields.


This research made reference to the surface energy as the driving force of sintering and studied the influences of eleven inorganic additives on the den sification and the microstructure of sintered Al2O3 com pacts. TiO2-doped Al2O3 compact was found to have the highest densification rate of all the compacts studied, and resulted in the reduction of the sintering time. The effect of Fe2O3 on the enhancement of Al2O3 grain growth was greater than that of densification. PbO strongly retarded the densification of Al2O3. SiO2and CaO-doped Al2O3 compacts yielded fine grained micro structure, but these two additives were found to be detrimental to densification rate. MgO impeded Al2O3 grain growth at 1400•Ž. The existence of trace amount of alkali-metal oxides significantly affected the final grain size of Al2O3 compacts when sintered at 1500•Ž, although the effect at 1400•Ž was slight. When com pared with the densities of Al2O3 compacts where deionized water was used during ultrasonic dispersion of the mixtures before centrifugal sedimentation, the densities of Al2O3 compacts obtained by methanol in ultrasonic dispersion were found to be lower, and the resulting grain sizes were smaller with inhomogene ous microstructures after sintering as well.


Calyptothecium hamatum (Mull.Hal.) M.Fleisch. was described by Muller (1869) as Pilotrichum hamatum, and it was transferred to Calyptothecium by Fleischer in 1905. Its taxonomic status has been controversial. Fleischer (1907) reduced it to synonymy with C. wightii (Mitt.) M.Fleisch. while Noguchi (1965) considered it to be separable from C. wightii by its imbricate leaves and shorter costae, which was followed by Crosby et al. (2000) and Gangulee (1976). It is necessary to check the type specimen to clarify its taxonomic status. Correspondence to: Yu Jia, State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


A machine-learning model is presented that effectively partitions historical process data into outlier and inlier subpopulations. This is necessary in order to avoid using outlier data to build a model for detecting process instability. Exact control limits are given without recourse to approximations and the error characteristics of the control model are derived. A worked example for contamination control is presented along with the machine learning algorithm used and all the programming statements needed for implementation.


The nature of causality remains one of the key puzzles in science. In quantum theory, the causal structure is not subject to quantum uncertainty and plays rather a background role. One can ask whether the background causal structure can be dropped, for example, by respecting causality only locally. Such scenarios of local validity of quantum theory while relaxing the global definite causal order of operations can be described via the machinery of process matrices. An important example of scenarios of this kind is quantum SWITCH, a process realizing a quantum superposition of causal orders of operations. Looking for the possible applications of quantum SWITCH has been the subject of growing interest in the scientific community as it could provide communication and computational resources not realizable via standard quantum theory. In the last few years, the benefits potentially offered by quantum SWITCH for thermodynamic tasks have appeared in the spotlight. This contribution aims at reviewing the recent proposals of thermodynamic applications of quantum SWITCH and draw the perspectives.


Although, in the last twenty-five years, scholarship on women in Antiquity has explored gender issues from all conceivable angles, there has been no single study devoted to the phenomenon of the female group in the ancient world. The preoccupation with the female group, however, requires some explanation. This thesis contributes to the study of gender in ancient Greece in two important ways. First, the focus is on women in groups, rather than on women as individuals in Classical Athens. Second, I use theoretical models drawn from social psychology, social anthropology and sociolinguistics to underpin the study. These disciplines help us to explain the preoccupation with the female group in the literature of the Classical period; to suggest the possible existence of a shared women's world constituting interaction between females in groups in the daily life of Classical Athens; and to hypothesize about the female perception of her life and involvement in her female community. By adopting social identity theory, and conceptualizing the categories of freeborn women and citizen men in Classical Athens as two separate social groups, rather than simply aggregates of individuals, the dynamics between them offer us some fascinating inter-group insights. If we view male and female in Classical Athens as constituting the most fundamental identity groups, it is possible to understand why it is the female group, rather than any other group, equally alien to the male cultureproducing citizen body, that is particularly singled out for negative treatment in Classical literature and art. I also propose a way in which the hitherto underestimated frequency of activity and interaction of women on a daily basis in Classical Athens (Part 2) contributes to the number of negative references and stereotypical depictions of the female group in the literature of the period (Part 1). In Part 1, Chapters 1, 2, and 3 examine the perception of the female group in different literary genres in the Classical period. We move from such transgressive female groups in myth as the Amazons, Danaids, and Lemnians (Chapter 1); to the presentation of female choruses in Athenian tragedy (Chapter 2); and the portrayal of female groups in Aristophanic comedy (Chapter 3). The results exemplify the consistent negative stereotyping of the female group. The genre of comedy, however, also offers a more positive paradigm of the female group, seen in the existence of a female language which is quite distinct from the male language, and is aligned with positive symbolism in the plays. This more positive perception leads us into Part 2, which moves on from an examination of the exaggerated and negative depictions of the group and attempts to uncover the female perspective of her group. Chapter 4 offers suggestions regarding the experiences and perspective of a woman engaged in a women-only festival of Thesmophoria, and Chapter 5 extends the investigation of the women's world to examine the female perspective in such contexts as other religious and secular ceremonial activities; the pursuit of economic and non-waged labour; and the formation of female visiting networks. By applying insights from modern social anthropology concerning the existence of flourishing women's subcultures in contemporary societies, it is possible to build up a picture of a vibrant shared women's world in Classical Athens. The existence of such a world, in turn, would have added considerably to both the number and the intensity of the negative depictions of the female group.


This paper reviews current understanding of vegetated flows in fluvial channels. First, the physical aspects of this understanding are considered, starting with flow resistance estimation, where the methods used in practice are, to a certain extent, disconnected from theoretical mechanical understanding. Theoretical, semi-empirical and empirical approaches aiming to connect them are considered. Although progress has been made, these approaches have not yet been able to provide theoretically robust, logistically amenable methods that can be put into practice. This is because of the variety and complexity of fluvial channel vegetation, which make it difficult both to generalise theoretical approaches and to make empirical approaches logistically tractable. Mean flow and turbulence structure in fluvial vegetation, and their influence on particulate and solute transport are then reviewed, noting that progress in these areas has been less problematic. This is explained as an issue of scale. Studies of flow str...


Through an analysis of the coal combustion characteristics and structural features of a 300 MW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler first introduced by China,studied was the influence of the specific structures of various parts of the boiler combustion system on the in-furnace residence time of anthracite particles. The method for calculating the residence time in various combustion subsystems was explored,and the in-furnace residence time and burn-out duration of the fine particles in the 300 MW CFB boiler under the BMCR (boiler maximum continuous rating) operating condition were quantitatively calculated. It has been found that a reduction atmosphere predominates the space inside a recycling tube,and the anthracite particles and high temperature materials are mixed in the recycling tube,which lasts 2 minutes,during which the pyrolysis process mainly takes place. This type of structure can greatly promote the ignition and burn-out of anthracite particles. The furnace is considered as the main zone for coal combustion and big particles are mainly burned in the dense phase zone until they are burned out. The combustion of the fine particles mainly takes place in a sparse phase zone. The residence time of the fine particles in the sparse phase zone of the boiler furnace is longer than that required by the combustion. The adiabatic cyclone separator with its inlet gas duct having a certain downward inclination angle and a concave slot,and with the bottom of the exhaust gas central shell being converged and offset can guarantee the majority of fine particles being returned to the furnace,ensuring the residence time of fine particles in the furnace longer than their burn-out duration. The above-mentioned structure constitutes the root cause for ensuring a low carbon content of the flying ash in the boiler,thus laying a theoretical basis for the design of CFB boilers of greater capacity.


The empty page is one of the trickiest obstacles for a writer. This pristine instrument for creation happens to be challenging for both acclaimed artists and inexperienced English students who face this monster on a regular basis. In the attempt of vanquishing this enemy, they all at some point fall a victim to the same phenomenon: a mental blank. Those ideas that flow constantly appear to be gone at the moment when we need them the most. The nothingness of the blank sheet of paper looks as deep as hell, and our creative powers (no matter how strong) seem as harmless as a dove. As the minutes go by, this becomes more and more like an uphill battle. Although not even the brightest minds can escape the occasional blank, this struggle becomes clearer in the case of students. Most of these "wannabe" young intellectuals may know the techniques for overcoming these obstacles, but they still lack the practice to face the beast and maintain their composure. At university, they are supposed to polish their skills and learn to diminish those white outs. It is trial and error for them, as they are exposed to the same situation over and over again: a topic must be chosen and the expected result is an original essay. In other words, they have to fill in that blank with contents of their own. Every student has a different reaction to the same situation. Some, consumed by resignation (not before indulging in a good share of the utmost creative profanities), will write about the first trivial topic that comes to mind, but the most selfdemanding ones will dig into their minds trying to detect a thread that will allow them to knit some original theme to reflect upon. However, those thoughts worth unravelling in an essay are not always the consequence of hours of deep concentration. Ideas flow constantly. Commutes and long showers are proven to be the moments of deepest introspection. Students rarely turn this into a real product, though. That is the first difference between beginners and experts, to whom experience has taught to take notes when they detect "essay potential". Actually, this piece of advice may work only when we have days to come up with an interesting, preferably innovative subject. Under the pressure of a final exam or any kind of immediate deadline, the urge to produce, combined with that evil blank page, may defeat the most emotionally fragile students. Moreover, it is difficult to obtain a top quality piece of work even for the most talented and better prepared students. Nevertheless, the latter are more likely to be able to grasp an idea that may be hovering over them or flash through their minds for an instant. The choice of a proper subject is an easier task when a starting point is provided. It may be a title, a topic, even just a word around which an essay may be built. However, there are two words greatly feared by every student, a catalyst for mental blanks and mental crises: free subject. It is that moment of ultimate self-expression in a piece of writing that might reflect the deepest corners of mind and soul. The possibility of developing the topic


: The national and local governments have issued a series of documents to speed up the development of agriculture and rural areas since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the Rural Revitalization Strategy. This paper takes the home-returning migrant workers in Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province as the research samples, and uses a questionnaire survey to study the migrant workers' willingness to return home to start a business. This paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of migrant workers' willingness to return home to start a business in Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to promote migrant workers' return home to start a business and accelerate the development of Rural Revitalization.


Provided are a measuring brake shoe and a force measuring apparatus for measuring the brake shoe, relating to measuring technique of railway vehicle tread brake shoe static pressure. The measuring brake shoe includes a brake shoe body and a pressure sensor, the thickness W of the brake shoe body is 5-15 mm and is consistent with curvature radius of the vehicle brake shoe inner concave arc surface; the pressure sensor is embedded on the inner concave arc surface of the brake shoe body; the end of the brake shoe body is provided with a pressure signal output port and the inner part of the brake shoe body is provided with leads connecting the output port and the pressure sensor. The force measuring apparatus includes a measuring brake shoe, a first data transmitting apparatus, a data receiving apparatus and a computer, the first data transmitting apparatus is connected with the signal output port of the measuring brake shoe; the data receiving apparatus is used for receiving signal transmitted by the data transmitting apparatus; the computer is connected with the signal output port of the data receiving apparatus for recording and processing the received data. When using, the measuring brake shoe is arranged between the vehicle brake shoe and the wheel tread, without dismounting the vehicle brake shoe in the measuring course.


The pandemic has accelerated the drive towards telemedicine for people with cystic fibrosis - but the system needs critical appraisal, says Jane Davies Care for people with cystic fibrosis involves frequent hospital visits For these reasons, alternative solutions have been considered over the past few years, including telemedicine and video consultations, the provision of home monitoring equipment (such as spirometers to measure lung function), the use of smart devices to motivate and measure adherence to treatment, and research into point-of-care diagnostics for infection Once the pressures of the current situation have lessened, it is imperative that this question is fully addressed by, for example, the studies within a trial approach launched by the UK National Institute for Health Research


High-power large-optical-cavity (LOC) InGaAsP-InP lasers emitting at 1.55 micron were prepared by using a proper LPE growth technique. Long-lived LOC lasers with the output power higher than 2 W in pulsed operation at room temperature were fabricated, with the threshold currents as low as Jth = 2.7 KA/sq cm or less and temperature stability as high as T0 of 130 K.


The early stages of design of novel products in the fields of smart home and internet of things are usually carried out doing trials and errors. Accordingly, design tools should be flexible and quickly adaptable to any unexpected change of context or environment. With the aim to make the early design stages of prototyping easier and more flexible, we introduce Protobject, a rapid prototyping tool able to sense interactivity with existing stationary objects letting users reinvent their usage. Protobject works as a multipurpose camera-based sensor able to recognize any visually observable properties of stationary objects around us (e.g. white goods, lights, windows, curtains). In particular, Protobject can sense their state (e.g., lights on/off) and users' interactions with them (e.g. when turning on a light).


The Sino-Russian trade standardization comes after the fact of Sino-Russian trade not conforming to the rules.The actual state of affairs is that trade body is not on the same levels,trade rules are not complete,trade behaviour is not proper,trade pattern is too single and backward,trade procesure is complex and changable.


The resistance to Lepidoptera insects of 9 new soybean breeding materials and cultivars were investigated and evaluated in the greenhouse as well as in the field at the same time during 2010.The insect-Resistance test was measured visually according to related papers.The integrated insect-Resistance index based on the mean value of each germplasm was compared in the comprehensive evaluation.The results were showed as follows: the cultivars 12-1,Diandou No.6 and Diandou No.7 presented Lepidoptera-resistance(R);the cultivars 11-1,29-1,67-1,89-1,Diandou No.4 and Diandou No.5 presented moderate Lepidoptera-Resistance(MR).


This study established the influence of social pressure on women to prove their fertility, breastfeeding practices, postpartum abstinence practices and preferences for male children on birth spacing practices. A total of two hundred and thirty teachers and nurses randomly selected from state schools and hospitals in Ibadan constituted the sample for the study. The three instruments used were author-constructed questionnaires with 0.59, 0.64, and 0.75 reliability coefficient respectively. The data obtained were analysed using multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that significant relationships existed between each of the four variables, and birth spacing practices. The results further indicated that a combination of the independent variables significantly predicted birth spacing practices. The results therefore, indicate the need for health professionals, social workers and counseling psychologists to mount intervention strategies to help couples achieve the birth intervals they want. African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues Vol. 9(2) 2006: 177-186


The present study assessed the foraging activity of Mischocyttarus consimilis, through observations of 10 colonies from September 2007 to June 2008. The mean frequency of wasps foraging during the period of activity of the colony was 29.89% of the total number of individuals of the colony. The maximum value of 53.62% was reached at a combination of temperatures above 28.5°C and relative humidity below 27.50%. The peak of foraging activity in post-emergence colonies was between 3 p.m. and 4 p.m. On average, the wasps spent most of their foraging time collecting nectar.


Since 1973, thirteen officials of the United Nations or its specialized agencies have been arrested in flagrant violation of the privileges and immunities conferred on them by the Convention on diplomatic relations, while four others have disappeared with no word of their fate. Many are presumed dead. These are only those incidents which have been brought to light, and do not include lawful arrests for the commission of common law misdemeanours or felonies.


This paper presents a methodology of coupled spectral unmixing for multitemporal hyperspectral data analysis. Coupled spectral unmixing simultaneously extracts the sets of spectral signatures of endmembers and respective abundance maps from multiple spectral images with differences in observation conditions and sensor characteristics. The problem is formulated in the framework of coupled nonnegative matrix factorization. A graph regularization that reflects spectral correlation between two images on abundance fractions is introduced into the optimization of coupled spectral unmixing to consider temporal changes of the earth's surface. An alternating optimization algorithm is investigated using the method of Lagrange multipliers to guarantee a stable convergence. The proposed method was applied to dual-temporal Hyperion images taken over the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can extract essential information on the earth's surface in a data-driven manner beyond multitemporal data modality.


A digitally programmable capacitor in bulk-CMOS technology is demonstrated. Based on a 130 nm standard bulk-CMOS process of Infineon, this circuit uses switched metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitances to vary the capacitance. Using 6 bits, the capacitor can be digitally programmed from 1 to 10 pF in 160 fF steps in the radio frequency (RF) range up to 2.7 GHz and shows a maximum quality factor of 88 at 1 GHz at a tuning ratio of 10. The size of the chip, including the charge pump, 1.8 V to 3.6 V voltage regulator and digital MIPI control interface, is 1256 × 856 µm2. The circuit draws a current of 75 µA at 2.8 V supply voltage.


We present the results of the first lattice QCD calculation of the K -> pi matrix elements of the chromomagnetic operator O-CM = g (s) over bar sigma(mu nu)G(mu nu)d, which appears in the effective Hamiltonian describing Delta S = 1 transitions in and beyond the standard model. Having dimension five, the chromomagnetic operator is characterized by a rich pattern of mixing with operators of equal and lower dimensionality. The multiplicative renormalization factor as well as the mixing coefficients with the operators of equal dimension have been computed at one loop in perturbation theory. The power divergent coefficients controlling the mixing with operators of lower dimension have been determined nonperturbatively, by imposing suitable subtraction conditions. The numerical simulations have been carried out using the gauge field configurations produced by the European Twisted Mass Collaboration with N-f = 2 + 1 + 1 dynamical quarks at three values of the lattice spacing. Our result for the B parameter of the chromomagnetic operator at the physical pion and kaon point is B-CMO(K pi) = 0.273(69), while in the SU(3) chiral limit we obtain B-CMO = 0.076(23). Our findings are significantly smaller than the model-dependent estimate B-CMO similar to 1-4, currently used in phenomenological analyses, and improve the uncertainty on this important phenomenological quantity.