In this subsection, the articles address factors that often act as barriers to successful implementation (e.g., issues of change, teacher support, teacher beliefs), strategies for overcoming these challenges, changes in teacher and student learning, and other topics that often arise when planning for implementation (e.g., assessment, equity). Again, it is important to note that topics such as equity and assessment are critical and essential topics in their own right and articles in this section are those that provide a specific link to instructional materials. (1999). The top 10 elements that must be in place to implement standards-based mathematics curricula. Several common factors contribute to the effectiveness of teachers in implementing a standards-based mathematics curriculum in their classrooms, the authors maintain. Awareness of these factors and the development of ways to address them will increase the likelihood of success. In this article they list 10 critical elements of implementation: administrative support, opportunities to study, sampling the curricula, daily planning, interaction with experts, collaboration with colleagues, incorporating new assessments, communicating with parents, helping students adjust, and planning for transition. The article opens with an explanation of what Standards-based curricula are and the challenges they pose for students and teachers. The principles of effective implementation shared in the article are gleaned from 23 Missouri teachers who piloted Standards-based materials during a teacher enhancement project. Their suggestions include: building support among local administrators and community members; helping teachers and parents understand the scope, content, and approach of the new materials; and creating long-term support for the implementation. The authors recommend that schools utilize recommendations of those who have gone through an implementation and learn from their mistakes. The author describes the ways in which the mathematics department of an urban, ethnically diverse school brought about high and equitable mathematics achievement. The teachers employed a range of practices focused upon equity, including heterogeneous grouping, the use of group-worthy problems, encouraging shared responsibility among students, block scheduling, and departmental collaboration.


There are many situations for which a feasible nonholonomic motion plan must be generated immediately based on real-time perceptual information. Parametric trajectory representations limit computation because they reduce the search space for solutions (at the cost of potentially introducing suboptimality). The use of any parametric trajectory model converts the optimal control formulation into an equivalent nonlinear programming problem. In this paper, curvature polynomials of arbitrary order are used as the assumed form of solution. Polynomials sacrifice little in terms of spanning the set of feasible controls while permitting an expression of the general solution to the system dynamics in terms of decoupled quadratures. These quadratures are then readily linearized to express the necessary conditions for optimality. Resulting trajectories are convenient to manipulate and execute in vehicle controllers and they can be computed with a straightforward numerical procedure in real time.


What is the best way to conceptualize and measure health status? It is accepted in the health economics literature that the best concepts of health status are morbidity measures (rather than mortality measures) because morbidity measures can capture aspects of the quality of life of the population as well as the individual. There is as yet no consensus regarding the best morbidity concepts or measurement methods. This paper develops a concept of health status in terms of the individual's illness. The reasoning is that, at least for curative medical care, the appropriate concept of health status is a measure of how ill a person is. This paper proposes a variable termed severity-of-illness to represent how ill a person is. Severity-of-illness is a health deviation obtainable by comparing the person's level of health when sick with the same person's level of health when healthy. This illness concept of health status is in agreement with common usage.


DNA minor groove binders are an important class of chemotherapeutic agents. These small molecule inhibitors interfere with various cellular processes like DNA replication and transcription. Several benzimidazole derivatives showed affinity towards the DNA minor groove. In this study we show the synthesis and biological studies of a novel benzimidazole derivative (MH1), that inhibits topoisomerase II activity and in vitro transcription. UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopic methods in conjunction with Hoechst displacement assay demonstrate that MH1 binds to DNA at the minor groove. Cytotoxic studies showed that leukemic cells are more sensitive to MH1 compared to cancer cells of epithelial origin. Further, we find that MH1 treatment leads to cell cycle arrest at G2/M, at early time points in Molt4 cells. Finally multiple cellular assays demonstrate that MH1 treatment leads to reduction in MMP, induction of apoptosis by activating CASPASE 9 and CASPASE 3. Thus our study shows MH1, a novel DNA minor groove binder, induces cytotoxicity efficiently in leukemic cells by activating the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.


The Raft River Irrigation Experiment investigated the suitability of using energy-expended geothermal water for irrigation of selected field-grown crops. Crop and soil behavior on plots sprinkled or surface irrigated with geothermal water was compared to crop and soil behavior on plots receiving water from shallow irrigation wells and the Raft River. In addition, selected crops were produced, using both geothermal irrigation water and special management techniques. Crops irrigated with geothermal water exhibited growth rates, yields, and nutritional values similar to comparison crops. Cereal grains and surface-irrigated forage crops did not exhibit elevated fluoride levels or accumulations of heavy metals. However, forage crops sprinkled with geothermal water did accumulate fluorides, and leaching experiments indicate that new soils receiving geothermal water may experience increased salinity, exchangeable sodium, and decreased permeability. Soil productivity may be maintained by leaching irrigations.


Abstract. Since 2006, Minnesota has had a stakeholder Drainage Work Group (DWG) facilitated by the Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources (BWSR). The Drainage Work Group started as a project advisory group for the "Public Drainage Ditch Buffer Study, February 2006" conducted by the BWSR in response to a directive from the Minnesota Legislature regarding implementation of a ditch buffer strip requirement in Minnesota Statutes, Chapter 103E Drainage. The DWG involves a broad cross section of stakeholders, including representatives of drainage authorities and their associations, farm groups, environmental groups, other interested associations, state agencies, the University of Minnesota, and legislative staff. The purposes of the DWG are to foster science-based, mutual understanding regarding drainage topics and issues, and to develop consensus recommendations for drainage system management and related water management, including recommendations for updating Chapter 103E and other provisions. Since 2007, the DWG has developed four sets of consensus recommendations to update Minnesota drainage law that have been adopted by the Minnesota Legislature and Governor. DWG consensus recommendations have helped define and enable drainage law revisions that might not have otherwise occurred.


CONTEXT
Lack of knowledge and confidence among critical care staff in identifying potential donors and communicating with donor families may explain missed organ and tissue donations.

OBJECTIVES
To elucidate attitudes of critical care staff toward donation and their knowledge, involvement, and self-reported skills and confidence levels with donation-related tasks.

METHODS
Between January 2004 and May 2006, Donor Action Foundation's Hospital Attitude Survey was used to collect data from staff members in critical care units in our university hospital (study group) and 2 other Belgian university hospitals (control group). In total, 92 physicians, 433 nurses, and 26 other staff members participated.

RESULTS
The 2 groups did not differ significantly with regard to donation-related attitudes. The study group had a significantly lower perception of the public's approval of organ donation than did the control group (P < .001). Nurses reported significantly less involvement than did physicians (P < .001) in caring for potential donors, communicating severe brain damage, explaining brain death, requesting donation, and contacting procurement staff. Probably because of previous training, physicians in the study group reported less need for additional training on donation-related issues than did control physicians. However, compared with physicians, nurses in the study group requested significantly more training on a number of donation tasks. Nurses with more than 5 years of critical care experience were consistently more confident with donation-related tasks.

CONCLUSION
Support rates for donation are high overall, and previous training is associated with improved attitudes and decreased educational needs. Educational efforts tailor-made for nurses should increase nurses' confidence levels when confronted with potential donors and their next of kin.


The National Park of Las Tablas de Daimiel (Central Spain) is a semi-arid wetland included in the UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve and Ramsar Convention in 1981 and 1982. The wetland is very important with respect to biodiversity and wildlife habitats essential for migratory movements and wintering of water fowl in the south of Europe. The work determines and monitors sensitive changes of specific wetland characteristics, related with indicators of quality and degradation. A spectral library of semi-arid wetland covers in Las Tablas is elaborated and multi-angle hyperspectral data from Proba-1/CHRIS sensor is applied. Spectral data obtained at individual viewing angles and from different acquisition dates show that significant information on wetland palustrine vegetation and water can be obtained. Spectral Angle Mapper classification has provided a distribution of sensitive characteristics related to wetland degradation and is a major support for the ongoing work.


The skeletal system provides support for the body, enables movement and protects inner organs. Moreover, it supplies blood cells and acts as a reservoir for minerals and fat. Several external factors, including nutrition and long-term illness, influence bone health but genetic factors also play an important role. More than 400 different rare skeletal diseases, collectively called skeletal dysplasias, have thus far been delineated and mutations in over 350 genes have been identified as underlying causes in these conditions. Although the recent evolution of the sequencing technologies and molecular methods has increased diagnostic yield of rare skeletal diseases, knowledge on the genetic and phenotypic features in some of these conditions is still limited and novel forms of skeletal dysplasia still remain to be characterized. This thesis focused on rare skeletal diseases primarily affecting the major component of the skeleton, the bone. In paper I and III Sanger sequencing was used. In paper I this method excluded the presence of rare variants in CRTAP, encoding the cartilage associated protein, in patients with mild-to-severe skeletal fragility. In paper III two novel mutations in two components of the WNT signaling pathway, LRP5 and AMER1, were identified in two patients affected by high bone mass. In paper II a custom designed highresolution array-CGH, targeting all the genes thus far linked to skeletal diseases and the cilia genes, enabled the identification of two novel copy number variants (CNVs) affecting COL1A2 and PLS3 in two index patients with primary osteoporosis. Other rare CNVs in genes not yet related to bone homeostasis were detected and regarded as variants of unknown significance. In papers IV and V massively-parallel sequencing was applied. In paper IV five novel variants in the fibronectin gene (FN1), which was recently linked to spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with "corner fractures", were revealed in five patients affected by this disease. Finally, in paper V two novel variants in the gene encoding the ribosomal protein L13, RPL13, were for the first time associated with a novel form of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia. Our findings expand the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of some known rare skeletal diseases. Moreover, a novel gene-disease association was identified but further studies are required to explore the pathomolecular mechanisms underlying this condition. Studying rare metabolic bone diseases is important not only for arriving at a specific diagnosis but also for understanding the pathogenesis of these conditions only an increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms will enable the development of targeted therapies. LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS I. CRTAP variants in early-onset osteoporosis and recurrent fractures. Costantini A, Vuorimies I, Makitie R, Mayranpaa MK, Becker J, Pekkinen M, Valta H, Netzer C, Kampe A, Taylan F, Jiao H, Makitie O. Am J Med Genet A 173(3) (2017) 806-808. II. Rare Copy Number Variants in Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization in Early-Onset Skeletal Fragility. Costantini A, Skarp S, Kämpe A, Mäkitie RE, Pettersson M, Männikko M, Jiao H, Taylan F, Lindstrand A, Mäkitie O. Front Endocrinol 9 (2018) 380. III. High bone mass due to novel LRP5 and AMER1 mutations. Costantini A, Kekäläinen P, Mäkitie RE, Mäkitie O. Eur J Med Genet 60(12) (2017) 675-679. IV. Novel fibronectin mutations and expansion of the phenotype in spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with "corner fractures". Costantini A, Valta H, Baratang NV, Yap P, Bertola DR, Yamamoto GL, Kim CA, Chen J, Wierenga KJ, Fanning EA, Escobar L, McWalter K, McLaughlin H, Willaert R, Begtrup A, Alm JJ, Reinhardt DP, Mäkitie O, Campeau PM. Bone 121 (2019) 163-171. V. RPL13 variants in spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia. Costantini A, Alm JJ, Tonelli F, Valta H, Tran A, Chen S, Chagin A, Newton P, Daponte V, Kwon YU, Bae JY, Chung WY, Larsson O, Nishimura G, Näreoja T, Kim OH, Forlino A, Cho TJ, Mäkitie O. Manuscript (2019) # shared senior authorship § shared third authorship ADDITIONAL PUBLICATIONS I. New Insights Into Monogenic Causes of Osteoporosis. Mäkitie RE, Costantini A, Kämpe A, Alm JJ, Mäkitie O. Front Endocrinol 10 (2019) 70. II. A novel frameshift deletion in PLS3 causing severe primary osteoporosis. Costantini A, Krallis P, Kämpe A, Karavitakis EM, Taylan F, Mäkitie O, Doulgeraki A. J Hum Genet 63(8) (2018) 923-926. III. Autosomal Recessive Osteogenesis Imperfecta Caused by a Novel Homozygous COL1A2 Mutation. Costantini A, Tournis S, Kämpe A, Ul Ain N, Taylan F, Doulgeraki A, Mäkitie O. Calcif Tissue Int 103(3) (2018) 353-358. IV. Expansion of the clinical spectrum of frontometaphyseal dysplasia 2 caused by the recurrent mutation p.Pro485Leu in MAP3K7. Costantini A, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Mäkitie O. Eur J Med Genet 61(10) (2018) 612615. V. A novel MYT1L mutation in a patient with severe early-onset obesity and intellectual disability. Loid P, Mäkitie R, Costantini A, Viljakainen H, Pekkinen M, Mäkitie O. Am J Med Genet A 176(9) (2018) 1972-1975. VI. PLS3 Deletions Lead to Severe Spinal Osteoporosis and Disturbed Bone Matrix Mineralization. Kampe AJ, Costantini A, Levy-Shraga Y, Zeitlin L, Roschger P, Taylan F, Lindstrand A, Paschalis EP, Gamsjaeger S, Raas-Rothschild A, Hovel M, Jiao H, Klaushofer K, Grasemann C, Makitie O. J Bone Miner Res 32(12) (2017) 2394-2404 VII. PLS3 sequencing in childhood-onset primary osteoporosis identifies two novel disease-causing variants. Kämpe AJ, Costantini A, Mäkitie RE, Jäntti N, Valta H, Mäyränpää M, Kröger H, Pekkinen M, Taylan F, Jiao H, Mäkitie O. Osteoporos Int 28(10) (2017) 3023-3032. VIII. Spondyloocular Syndrome: Novel Mutations in XYLT2 Gene and Expansion of the Phenotypic Spectrum. Taylan F, Costantini A, Coles N, Pekkinen M, Héon E, Şiklar Z, Berberoğlu M, Kämpe A, Kiykim E, Grigelioniene G, Tüysüz B, Mäkitie O. J Bone Miner Res 31(8) (2016) 1577-85. IX. Value of rare low bone mass diseases for osteoporosis genetics. Costantini A, Mäkitie O. Bonekey Rep 5 (2016) 773.


Worldwide concern about possible climate change resulting from increasing concen trations of greenhouse gases has led governments and researchers to consider int ernational action to address the issue, and the regional response to the climate change has become the priority field of global environmental change in China Researchers have gradually gained a common understanding about the combining of global and regional issues: the global environmental change issues could not be solv ed unless it is supported by regional studies, and on the other hand, the region al studies should necessarily incarnate the global issues This paper i ntroduced the essential methods of assessing regional response to climate change , especially the regional vulnerability and adaptation assessment method that ha s been widely employed in IPCC's assessment reports The major climate scenario s in the next fifty years in China were summarized on the basis of the related l iterature Then the author assessed the recent research --how the global envi ronmental change impacts the regional development, including natural ecosystem, water resource shortage, desertification problems and agriculture industry devel opment Further research was pointed out, however, to strengthen future assessm ent and to reduce uncertainties in order to assure that sufficient information i s available for policymaking about responses to possible consequences of climate change


This research aims to determine the effects of return on investment, operating cash flow, management assets, to equity ratio, and firm size on dividends. This 23 companies listed on Indonesia Stock as the research sample. The sampling purposive method. The analysis multiple linear with The results show that return on investmetnt has an influence on cash dividends, while operating cash flow, management assets, debt to equity ratio and firm do have an effect on cash dividends.


This study analyzes the proliferation of agricultural schools in Greece from 1922 to 1932 from a social, economic, and cultural perspective. It examines the role of the Greek vernacular language-demotic-and vernacular edu cation as tools for national and social integration. It investigates the links between the establishment of agricultural schools, the teaching of demotic in elementary school, and the integration in the labor market not only of thousands of unemployed Greek citizens, but also of approximately 1.2 million Asia Minor refugees who fled to Greece after 1922. The article examines whether limiting the Greek vernacular language to primary schools, with the continuation of both the dominant classical model of education and the use of "purist" (katharevousa) Greek in secondary edu cation, created the prerequisites for upward mobility through education or reproduced the existing social and financial inequalities in Greek society. EDUCATION POLICY REMAINS ONE OF the key variables in the way state governments respond to social or economic changes. After 1922 Greek society experienced an unprecedented proliferation of agricultural schools as well as dramatic social and economic changes. During the subsequent decade, the Greek nation dealt with the considerable pres sure of integrating massive waves of Asia Minor refugees into its social, national, and financial fabric. After 1922, using the exclusive criterion of religion, these people were forcibly exchanged with the extant Muslim GEORGE KRITIKOS received his BA in history and archaeology from Athens Univer sity. He was awarded a scholarship to Cambridge University, where he received his MPhil. Other scholarships enabled him to study for his PhD at the European University Institute in Florence. He is now working as lecturer of Historical Geography at Harokopion Uni versity in Athens.


We report the case of 53 year old patient with history of central diabetes insipidus, followed since April 2015 for abdominal pain, general signs (weight loss and fever) and mesenteric panniculitis. Infectious and neoplasic etiologies were eliminated. The patient was treated by corticosteroids (60m/day). He was readmitted in the internal medicine department after one month for motor deficit of lower limbs with installation of psychic manifestations when he was under 45 mg/day of corticosteroids.


In this study, arrested reactive milling (ARM) is used to prepare Al-Ni composite powder for deposition on copper liners via kinetic spraying. Among the main goals are to obtain a better understanding of how the milling process affects deposition efficiency and the reactivity of the coatings and to find a way to reduce the amount of remaining solid lubricant after milling. Al-Ni powders were produced under a wide range of conditions and heated to various temperatures to eliminate stearic acid. The powders were sprayed using fixed process parameters and deposition efficiencies, reactivities, and heat values were measured and are compared along with coating microstructures. The procedures used are described and the findings of the study are presented and discussed.


Time plays an important role in both the design and interpretation of evaluation studies of training programs. While the start and duration of a training program are closely linked to the evolution of job opportunities, the impact of training programs in the short and longer term changes over time. Neglecting these "dynamics" could lead to an unduly negative assessment of the effects of certain training schemes. Therefore, a better understanding of the dynamic relationship between different types of training and their respective labor market outcomes is essential for a better design and interpretation of evaluation studies.


The article presents the results of a pilot study on the assessment of the educational environment of the university by psychology students. The purpose of the study is to study the assessment of various aspects and levels of the educational environment of the university by psychology students. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, psychological testing (Methodology for assessing the educational environment by V.A. Yasvin, Socio-psychological comfort of the educational environment G.Yu. Avdienko, Scale for assessing the digital educational environment), methods of mathematical data processing (correlation analysis, comparative analysis) . The main results of the work are to identify the relationship between various parameters of the educational environment. It was found that students with a satisfied need for security assess the educational environment of the university as a whole as more creative, and also do not experience difficulties in planning educational activities in a digital educational environment and do not evaluate the acquisition of competencies in practical activities in a digital educational environment as something which causes difficulties.


The curve subsection noise remove algorithm based on curvature variation,read data at first,and store cloud-data in array A according to scanning line sequence.Then calculate curvature of each point on the same scanning line except start and end points.After that,calculate the curvature of equal space between two points and send them to array B and extract N points which are more than given threshold value.Then,simulate curve,calculate the distance between each point and curve.Delete the error distance point.At last,deal with N+1 subsection cloud data and scanning line.


Background: Colonic polyps are a common finding and adenomatous polyps, can have severe dysplasia and neoplasia. Early detection of risk of cancer is possible by using the four classifications of polyps: Paris, Kudo, Showa and Histological. Aims and Objectives: This study looks at compliance of endoscopists with usage of these classifications. Methods: 979 patients with one or more polyps detected at flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy in continuous six months from three district hospitals in the United Kingdom were identified. Reports were analysed for description and characterisation of the polyps and adherence to the polyp classifications. Results: At least 20% reports did not have adequate polyp description and did not use Paris classification. Kudo classification was not used in 95.3% and Showa classification was not used at all. Discussion: Lack of usage of these classifications leads to inadequate description and characterization of the polyps and therefore cannot properly risk stratify for cancer or dysplasia. It is recommended that usage of polyp classification should be considered by authorities to be made an integral part of the measurable outcomes in advanced colonoscopy.


The extension of the first-principles generalized pseudopotential theory ~GPT! to transition-metal ~TM! aluminides produces pair and many-body interactions that allow efficient calculations of total energies. In aluminum-rich systems treated at the pair-potential level, one practical limitation is a transition-metal overbinding that creates an unrealistic TM-TM attraction at short separations in the absence of balancing many-body contributions. Even with this limitation, the GPT pair potentials have been used effectively in total-energy calculations for Al-TM systems with TM atoms at separations greater than 4 A. An additional potential term may be added for systems with shorter TM atom separations, formally folding repulsive contributions of the three- and higher-body interactions into the pair potentials, resulting in structure-dependent TM-TM potentials. Towards this end, we have performed numerical ab initio total-energy calculations using the Vienna ab initio simulation package for an Al-Co-Ni compound in a particular quasicrystalline approximant structure. The results allow us to fit a short-ranged, many-body correction of the form a(r 0 /r) b to the GPT pair potentials for Co-Co, Co-Ni, and Ni-Ni interactions.


Temporal coordination between members of a string quartet performing
an excerpt of a Haydn string quartet was characterized in terms of patterns
of dependence between player note onset times estimated from
acoustic data, and compared to self-reported patterns of dependence
between players. Audio onsets revealed temporal dependencies indicative
of a leading-following relationship between the first and second violin
and a relationship of mutual adaptation between the first violin and both
the viola and cello. This relationship of mutual adaptation was not reflected
in the self-reported dependencies, which predominantly ascribed
a leadership role to the first violin


more than he delivers. The beginning been sowing the wind to reap the whirl. chapters present a thought-provoking wind. Our international programs of theoretical introduction to the strucagriculture, health care, communicature and plight of village communities, tions development, and mass education and whet one's appetite for more to may be creating a monster with which follow. Unfortunately, what does folwe simply cannot cope. As Halpern low is a series of bare-bone descripquite rightly points out, we are still in tions of specific peasant or village the midst of a village revolution in our systems in such varied places as own country, and are seldom able to Yugoslavia, India, China, the United rationally control it. As for the rest States, and the Soviet Union. Except of the world, he sees the possibility for the Yugoslav material, all the de. of chaotic disorganization on the one scriptions are second hand and parsihand, and a rigid centralized control monious. on the other. His hope is that, in some mysterious way, a middle ground can be found which will permit human dignity at the same time that it solves the severe problem of occupational displacement and the erosion of old, rural values. We all like to be dreamers, and so can sympathize with Halpern's hope. He has not given us the blueprint by which it may be realized. If such exists, it must be sought elsewhere. Though Halpern touches on some very crucial dilemmas emerging from the wide village revolution, he never fully develops any of them. One of the most provocative is that aspirations tend to be highest where access to social and professional mobility is lowest. Another is that education tends to be seen as a panacea by villagers, particularly in the less developed countries. The ideal they hold for their youth is that of a civil service occupation, though the country in which they live may be already over-stuffed with such employees. Education, in most village areas, is geared to general, liberal training. This does not provide the technicians that the country desperately needs; rather it creates an ever larger number of educated unemployed.


Biological control is a natural ecological phenomenon. Which can be successfully used in the management of pesticides, and it can be a balanced, sustainable and economical pest control tool. The use of micro-organisms for pesticides is called microbial control. This is a new aspect of biological control, in which the use of pesticides microbes is used for their control. By practically looking for microbial control of insects and looking after the natural enemies of pests, their number can be increased by utilizing them for control of pesticides, which is available by marking experts and accessible. Inter-essentially, we can resolve this solution in such a way. It is necessary to determine the timing of the use of micro-organisms carefully on the weakening of the life cycle of the harmful insect. Their individual age, i.e. life cycle, is reduced due to their use, be sure to note the pre-production method.


Based on the annual monitoring data of runoff and sediment and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the water and sediment change and the vegetation coverage dynamics in the Xiaonanchuan (XNC) River basin were analyzed. The main impacts factors of the water and sediment change were further identified by using the Multiple Linear Regression method. It is found that the runoff was increasing and the sediment was reducing in the XNC River basin during 2000 to 2013. Simultaneously, a significant upward trend was shown in NDVI. It indicates that the vegetation coverage was increasing and the natural ecological environment was improved in the basin. The quantitative analysis results show that the vegetation coverage is the dominant influencing factor of the water and sediment change in the XNC River basin. Therefore, under the condition of recent climate change, ecological restoration is one of the most effective way to prevent water and soil loss in arid area.


In 1988, the U.S. homecenter retail industry began point-of-sale (POS) scanning UPC (Universal Product Code) barcoded merchandise at customer checkout to increase efficiency, competitiveness, and profitability. A North American exploratory analysis of seven wood products manufacturing groups plus a group of distribution intermediaries was conducted in the spring of 1993 (on data collected in 1992) to assess UPC barcoding of wood products to satisfy homecenter retailer customer requirements. Study results indicated that POS-scanning homecenters strongly encourage and, in many instances, require wood products suppliers to provide UPC barcodes on their products. Accordingly, wood products suppliers across all sectors surveyed areresponding by developing barcoding capabilities. Although the motivation for implementing UPC barcoding is customer centered, competitive and strategic advantages can also be created for suppliers. As is often the case with a new technology or business practice, large wood products suppliers are lead adopters of UPC barcoding. Many respondents have been able to charge a premium for UPC barcoding products while others consider this service another cost of doing business


CO2 membrane stripping is a novel method for CO2 desorption at low temperature (around 348K) for amine-based CO2 capture, which has the potential to reduce regeneration energy requirement. In this work, we investigated CO2 membrane stripping with two different commercial hollow fiber membranes, polypropylene (PP) and Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). CO2 membrane stripping in PVDF membrane showed a faster CO2 desorption rate than in PP membrane, but PP membrane presented a better stability on long-term running. Energy consumption for CO2 membrane stripping with 20 wt% MEA solvent was evaluated. Compared with conventional thermal regeneration, 28% energy can be saved if regeneration pressure of CO2 membrane stripping operated at 20 kPa. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of GHGT.


The NASA Glenn Research Center initiated development of the Fuel Cell Powered Club Car Carryall as a way to reduce pollution in industrial settings, reduce fossil fuel consumption and reduce operating costs for transportation systems. The Club Car Carryall provides an inexpensive approach to advance the state of the art in electric vehicle technology in a practical application. The project transfers space technology to terrestrial use via non-traditional partners, and provides power system data valuable for future aeronautics and space applications. The work was done under the Hybrid Power Management (HPM) Program. The Carryall is a state of the art, dedicated, electric utility vehicle. Hydrogen powered proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are the primary power source. Ultracapacitors were used for energy storage as long life, maintenance free operation, and excellent low temperature performance is essential. Metal hydride hydrogen storage was used to store hydrogen in a safe and efficient low-pressure solid form. The report concludes that the Fuel Cell Powered Club Car Carryall can provide excellent performance, and that the implementation of fuel cells in conjunction with ultracapacitors in the power system can provide significant reliability and performance improvements.


A search of womeh's magazines yields countless missives on the virtues of female vigilance not only ih protecting personal health but also in protecting spouse and family health. Indeed, the face and content of women's magazines has changed remarkably little from their 18thand 19th-century predecessors, which circumscribed the ideology of femininity and family to the domestic arena of home and family. Kathryn Shevelov explains that the women's magazine creates a community "of and around the text," reflecting its readers and constructing much of their social reality. Consequently, female readers experience their gender through the mirror of the women's magazine regardless of the extent to which that mirror reflects or distorts reality. Today's magazines counsel women to educate themselves about men's health. One analysis of language and gender in women's and men's magazines suggests that the language of these articles actually functions to create an anxiety that can only be mollified through purchase of the magazine and/or the products it advertises. In a postmodern society, however, the women's magazine remains, for much of its readership, one of the few sites of ongoing engagement with culture through writing. Writing assignments based on ideological analyses of print culture can serve to awaken the critical skills of a wide range of students while concurrently developing the analytical abilities essential in a competent writer and citizen. (NKA) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Stephanie Vanderslice University Writing Program University of Central Arkansas Conway AR 72035 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) How to Save Your Husband's Life: Health Reporting and the Rhetoric of Responsibility in the Late Nineties Women's Magazine As most of you have probably realized, the paragraph in front of you is entirely fabricated, a pastiche of actual sentences culled from several women's magazines with the word wife exchanged for the word husband. Fabricated to make a point. Men's magazines do not print these kinds of articles. Rather, a search of an index of men's magazines using the key word's wife and health yields such finds as the "One Hundred Best Wives of All Time," and "The Twelve Virtues of the Perfect Wife," as well as articles on staying fit and sex habits. In contrast, a comparable search of women's magazines yields countless missives on the virtues of female vigilance not only in protecting one's own health but also in protecting one's spouse and


The main objective of this work is to study the structure, composition, and oscillation modes of color superconducting quark stars with intense magnetic fields. We adopted the MIT bag model within the color superconductivity CFL framework, and we included the effects of strong magnetic fields to construct the equation of state of stable quark matter. We calculated observable quantities, such as the mass, radius, frequency, and damping time of the oscillation fundamental f mode of quark stars, taking into account current astrophysical constraints. The results obtained show that color superconducting magnetized quark stars satisfy the constraints imposed by the observations of massive pulsars and gravitational wave events. Furthermore, the quantities associated with the oscillation f mode of these objects fit the universal relationships for compact objects. In the context of the new multi-messenger gravitational wave astronomy era and the future asteroseismology of neutron stars, we hope that our results contribute to the understanding of the behavior of dense matter and compact objects.


The 2s2 1S0 – 2s2p 3P1 intercombination line at 1218.34 A of Be-like O V has been observed in IUE spectra of gaseous nebulae such as RR Tel (Doschek & Feibelman 1993). However, the forbidden line at 1213 A has not been detected to date in any astrophysical object, with the possible exception of the Sun, where Sandlin, Brueckner & Tousey (1977) very tentatively identify the line at 1213.90 A in an off-limb spectrum.


ABSTRACT Our aim is to increase knowledge about discretion and automated decision-making (ADM) in social work based on an approach that brings forward the role of humans and technologies and the resulting public values. This approach is applied to a case study of two Swedish municipalities and their social assistance case management. Our research questions are twofold: (1) How do humans and technologies appear in decisions about social assistance? and (2) How do they influence digital discretion and the resulting public values? A case management process with human actors (caseworkers and clients) and non-human actors (case management systems, e-applications, robotic process automation and algorithms) is used, influencing the digital discretion of caseworkers and the resulting ethical, democratic and professional values. Digital discretion is not dichotomous but, rather, related to a repertoire of technologies, their design and their use in a routine that ADM is a part of. The interaction with clients may be considered an important rationale for ADM itself. There is a necessary difference in weight between public values related to more straightforward (an 'improved' process enabling professional values) and complicating factors (distrust between caseworkers and the unwanted use of information technology).


Liz Daniels of the British Grooms Association highlights the important factors to consider when travelling horses to ensure their safety and minimise stress.


Draba ussuriensis Pohle is reported from Mt. Baekdu in this paper as a new member of Korean flora. D. ussuriensis is a white-flowered perennial herb and similar to Draba mongolica Turczaninow. However, D. ussuriensis differs from Draba mongolica Turczaninow in a number of characters. The stems and pedicels of D. mongolica are covered by dense trichomes, while those of D. ussuriensis are glabrous or glabrescent. D. ussuriensis has fewer cauline leaves compared to D. mongolica. The Korean name of D. ussuriensis Pohle stems from the specific epithet of its scientific name. In addition, D. mongolica is a new name, replacing the previously misidentified names of D. glabella Pursh, D. daurica DC., D. incana L., and D. nipponica Makino in several different studies. We corrected the name based on a comparative morphological study of specimens collected from Mt. Baekdu and Gwanmobong and related species. As a result, Korean Draba consists of three species: two white-flowered species and one yellow-flowered D. nemorosa L.


OF THESIS. In forested oligotrophic peats in Britain and Ireland, the mineral N released during the decomposition of native organic matter is likely to be the main source of N for plant uptake. On these sites, N release rates appear to be limiting plant growth rates. During decomposition, much microbial metabolite-N is not released directly as mineral N but is diverted into further synthesis reactions and stable N pools. These pools, the products of humification, are comprised in large part of phenolic polymers that have have an affinity for microbially-derived N. The in vitro turnover of some phenolic polymers lignins and humic acids can be enhanced by a labile carbon supplement. In soils, labile C appears to be a key driving variable for some microbial processes and a postulated consequence of labile C deficiency in oligotrophic peats is a low turnover of N-retaining humus constituents and a correspondingly low N release rate. This thesis investigates if there are variations in labile C availability in peats under different tree species and assesses whether increased labile C availability is related to increased release of mineral N from native organic matter. In a microcosm experiment involving spruce (Picea sitchensis Bong.) Carr), pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.)and spruce-pine mixtures grown in a PK-fertilized acid peat, N uptake was 39% higher by pine than by spruce. Substantially greater quantities of soluble carbohydrate were measured in de-rooted peats under pine than in those under spruce. Basal respiration and other microbial attributes the rate of utilization of a glucose amendment and the mineralization rates of an amino-N amendment were all significantly higher in peats under pine than in those under spruce (p<O.Ol). Soluble carbohydrate levels correlated well with plant uptake rates of N (r=0.77; p<zO.Ol) and with the mineralization rates of an amino-N amendment (r=0.79; p<O.Ol). It is not clear, however, whether the differences reported are related to the tree species themselves or to their mycorrhizal fungi. All de-rooted planted peats had substantially more soluble carbohydrate, including free glucose, than unpianted controls. Also, mean basal respiration rates, glucose-amendment utilization rates and amino-N amendment mineralization rates were up to 5.5, 3.3 and 4.6 times higher respectively in planted treatments than in unplanted ones. In a routine sampling programme of a poorly humified Sphagnum peat, pH 3.4, under pure and mixed cultures of greenhouse-grown spruce, pine, larch and birch, mean free glucose concentrations in de-rooted samples from birch (333-1642 p.g g 1 dw) and spruce-birch (293-701 ig g' dw) treatments were consistently higher throughout the year than in all other treatments, particularly unpianted controls (86-107 jtg g' dw). Marked seasonal variations in free-glucose levels were recorded, characterised by lowest concentrations in summer and highest in winter-spring and autumn-winter. Free glucose concentrations provided a good index of soluble carbohydrate concentrations (r values>0.97). Results from a field study indicate that measurable quantities of soluble carbohydrate, including free glucose are present in all decomposing field substrates, including forest FH material and diverse peats. The amounts measured possibly represent the balance between enzymatic release of soluble C from native organic matter and uptake by microorganisms. In most cases soluble C concentrations provide a good indication of decomposition rate. Results from abiotic studies show that mineral N, P, K Ca and Mg supplements have no positive influence on the decomposition rate of an acid oligotrophic peat. To conclude, this thesis has shown that tree species can take up different amounts of N from the same volume of peat and it has demonstrated significant correlations (pczO.Ol) between soluble C availability and C and N release which can be subject to further enquiry. Experimental procedures developed for use in these studies are described in detail.


We studied the cultural and morphogenetic requirements for three primary explants of Borojo, in order to determine adequate conditions for the regeneration of plants from adult material explants. We used Induction mediums containing differents types and concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. The embryogenic response was estimated based on the growth index, frequency of calluses with embryos and on the number of embryos per callus. The best response was observed in the embryos of seeds, which showed a high growth index and a high number of embryogenetic calluses with a shoot bud differentiation and development. The greater number of calluses with embryos was obtained from explants of leaves from seedling. Induction of somatic embryos was also obtained in explants from adult plants. The growth regulators with the best embryogenetic response were auxin NAA and citokinins 2-iP and 6-BA. Keyword: Borojoa patinoi; Somatic embryogenesis; Morphogeneti; Auxin; Citokinins.


PLS — posterior lateral spin-nerets, PME — median lateral eyes, PMS — posterior median spinnerets, p — prolateral, pd — prodorsal, pv — proven-tral, r — retrolateral, rd — retrodorsal, rv — retroventral, v — ventral.


Cappadocia Region is different from other region of Turkey in view of geological structure. Fairy chimneys are the most important of geological formations in the region. The region consist of a thin tuff layer, a thin basalt layer and volcanic rocks that are under tuff and more resistant to wearing. Fairy chimneys formed due to climate factors wear to soil on the surface. In this study, the erosion on the surface of the soil in the Cappodocia region was investigated for examining to form of Fairy Chimney. A study area was selected and it was scanned by a geodetic robotic total station over different five times at 40 cm horizontal and vertical intervals. The volumes of the study area were calculated from the same height. Erosion was investigated from the volume differences. The relationship between the erosion and the climate data was investigated. It was showed that there was a relationship between erosion and climatic factors.


Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of high-κ dielectrics on two-dimensional (2D) materials (including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides) still represents a challenge due to the lack of out-of-plane bonds on the pristine surfaces of 2D materials, thus making the nucleation process highly disadvantaged. The typical methods to promote the nucleation (i.e., the predeposition of seed layers or the surface activation via chemical treatments) certainly improve the ALD growth but can affect, to some extent, the electronic properties of 2D materials and the interface with high-κ dielectrics. Hence, direct ALD on 2D materials without seed and functionalization layers remains highly desirable. In this context, a crucial role can be played by the interaction with the substrate supporting the 2D membrane. In particular, metallic substrates such as copper or gold have been found to enhance the ALD nucleation of Al2O3 and HfO2 both on monolayer (1 L) graphene and MoS2. Similarly, uniform ALD growth of Al2O3 on the surface of 1 L epitaxial graphene (EG) on SiC (0001) has been ascribed to the peculiar EG/SiC interface properties. This review provides a detailed discussion of the substrate-driven ALD growth of high-κ dielectrics on 2D materials, mainly on graphene and MoS2. The nucleation mechanism and the influence of the ALD parameters (namely the ALD temperature and cycle number) on the coverage as well as the structural and electrical properties of the deposited high-κ thin films are described. Finally, the open challenges for applications are discussed.


In the known process (57) that [Abstract] Particularly for manufacturing a semiconductor device integrated circuit in a silicon substrate, the surface of the silicon substrate, alignment grating formed by the pattern of ridges and valleys of the stripe adjacent, and and oxide pattern having a partially concave portion at the position of the semiconductor device is provided. This is, in the above position of the semiconductor device, the surface of the silicon substrate with a masking layer of oxide protective material provided with openings is carried out by performing an oxidation treatment to the silicon substrate. This process, by applying the partial sequence pattern having a oxide concave shape at the same time the semiconductor device is considerably simplified. For this purpose, a masking layer of oxide protective material is applied to the position of the first wide strip positioning pattern comprising a second wide strips. The first wide strip Overall oxide concave shape without the second wide strip is relatively narrow width of the oxidation protective material each comprise a relatively narrow opening It is formed by the sub-patterns of the strip. During the subsequent oxidation treatment, each of the second wide strip, with a surface that is contoured, segmented, and includes a oxide pattern which is partially concave shape. The relatively narrow opening, oxide patterns that partially concave position of the positioning pattern is narrower as than oxide pattern is the partial recess formed simultaneously on the position of the semiconductor device having a width.


Electricity is one of the essential needs of human. It's commonly used for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes in day-to-day life. Most folks know the role of the energy meter within the electricity grid. It's a fundamental component of the distribution grid. The energy meter helps the utility (electricity distribution company) to account for the utilization of electricity by the buyer on a KW per hour basis. To know this we want to seek out the drawbacks of the present energy meter, and therefore the biggest problem in electricity metering. The most important problem in electricity distribution is collecting meter reading data. Straight away meter reading is collected manually, which provides scope for corruption and human error in reading. It is the wastage of manpower and utility of resources. Our existing electricity meter isn't tamper-proof. There is to several temper cases are detected. In the existing meter, there is no under voltage and over voltage protection, as well as there is no over power use alert system. Because of these problems, the utility is unable to gather a fine for max demand cross. Power theft is the biggest problem in recent days, which causes a lot of loss to electricity boards. To overcome these drawbacks, the IoT-based Smart Energy Meter (SEM) is developed.


Regulatory authorities play significant roles for ensuring quality, safety, and efficacy of pharmaceutical and health products. However, most of the national regulatory authorities in low- and middle-income countries encounter many challenges such as over workload and under-staff/resources to maintain the efficiency in regulatory process. To alleviate the problem, the World Health Organization (WHO) supports its member states and implements the WHO-Global Benchmarking Tool (GBT) to strengthen the capacity of the national regulatory system. In this study, the regulatory system of Myanmar was investigated using the WHO-GBT based questionnaire survey. The study aimed to assess the national regulatory system and regulatory activities with WHO-GBT indicators and sub-indicators and to provide recommendations for the future progress of Myanmar Food and Drug Administration (MFDA). The results shows that MFDA has a well-structured legal foundation for the regulatory system and regulatory activities. Interestingly, the National regulatory system is the first priority and most challenging item to be achieved. Human resource capacity is below the standard requirements to operate efficient regulatory activities. It is recommended that the MFDA should implement the guideline on complaints and appeals to regulatory decisions and published documents or channels for laboratory activities within a short to medium period (1-12 months). As a medium to long-term plan (6-12 months and above), a human resource development plan and capacity building should be immediately established to accelerate the regulatory functions. Besides, transparency and public confidence must be promoted in regulatory activities.


The analog of Lagrangians for symplectic forms over finite groups is studied, motivated by the fact that symplectic G ‐forms with a normal Lagrangian N◃G are in one‐to‐one correspondence, up to inflation, with bijective 1‐cocycle data on the quotients G/N . This yields a method to construct groups of central type from such quotients, known as Involutive Yang–Baxter groups. Another motivation for the search of normal Lagrangians comes from a non‐commutative generalization of Heisenberg liftings that require normality.


This paper analyzed the demand and characteristics of power grid communication, stated the features and applications of service-orien ted architecture, studied the scenario and method of service-oriented architecture in the power grid communication, proposed a method to organize the power grid communication by service-orien ted architecture, and implemented the electric model service by service-oriented architecture, then made a prototype verification in the model service of power grid, in the end, made a conclusion of service-orien ted architecture in power grid communication.


Based on the broken-intact cells model,a new simulation method of supercritical fluid extraction(SCFE) was presented.The initial and boundary conditions were obtained based on the process analysis and the necessary hypotheses.The SCFE processes of 9 materials(about 400 data) were simulated,the internal mass transfer coefficient of each material was obtained by taking the average relative deviation as the objective function,and the relationship between the grinding efficiency and the mean particle size for some substances were also given.The results of this work were contrasted with the conclusions in the relevant references,and they agree well.By simulating different materials,it could be concluded that a linear relationship exists between the grinding efficiency and the mean particle size.And the two stages of the SCFE process can be exactly distinguished.The effects of grinding efficiency and internal mass transfer coefficient on the extraction curve were discussed emphaticly.


The paper studies the general non-autonomous predator–prey Kolmogorov systems. The general criteria of integrable form on the permanence and ultimate boundedness are established. As applications of these results, the sufficient conditions of integrable form on the permanence are obtained for non-autonomous Lotka–Volterra systems, Holling I-type functional response systems, Holling (m, n)-type functional response systems, Beddington–DeAngelis functional response systems, Leslie–Gower functional response systems and chemostat-type systems.


The RMB settlement ratio of receipts and payments has been rapidly increasing since the second half of 2011, there is a"lame"characteristics-the RMB real pay is much higher than the paid-in. Starting from the nature of the currency option,this paper analyzes the characteristics of RMB settlement"lame"combining with China's special trade structure,thinking the weakness of appreciation expectations of the RMB and the reduction of arbitrage funds in Hong Kong are the main reasons. To successfully promote the internationalization of the RMB,the ratio of receipts and payments should be controlled in the appropriate range.


The taxonomic status (or the taxonomic status of the onomatophores) of seven nomina are revised: Eulaema meriana (Olivier, 1789), Euglossa piliventris Guerin-Meneville, 1844, Exaerete appendiculata (Romand, 1849), Exaerete subcornuta (Romand, 1849), Eufriesea danielis (Schrottky, 1907), Euglossa fimbriata Moure, 1968, and Eufriesea yepezi (Moure, 2000). Lectotype is designated for Euglossa piliventris Guerin-Meneville, 1844. Neotypes are designated for Apis meriana Olivier, 1789 and Apis dimidiata Fabricius, 1793 based on the same specimen and A. dimidiata Fabricius, 1793 became an objective synonym of A. meriana Olivier, 1789. Chrysantheda subcornuta Romand, 1849 is shown to be a senior objective synonym of Chrysantheda appendiculata Romand, 1849 and their synonymy under Exaerete dentata (Linnaeus, 1758) is questioned and discussed. Eumorpha combinata danielis Schrottky, 1907 is confirmed as a junior subjective synonym of Eufriesea auriceps (Friese, 1899), but the status of its onomatophore is reconsidered. Moreover, a long overlooked Euglossa dentata var. maxima Romand, 1849, nom. nud. and Euplusia yepezi Moure, 2000, nom. nud. are discussed for the first time. Both nomina Euglossa fimbriata Moure, 1968 and Euglossa fimbriata Rebelo & Moure, 1996are available, but the latter is permamently invalid as a junior primary homonym of the former. An updated catalogue of all orchid bee nomina is also provided.


The paper fully and accurately described the background,system target,system design and system realizing of the SUNANMIS universal good network trade integated system.


Background: Worldwide, food borne illness is often associated with consumption of meat and poultry products sold at retail markets. A study on the bacteriological status of chicken carcass in Osogbo, Nigeria, was carried out to determine the prevalence of Arcobacter species, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in chicken carcasses. Methodology: A total of 100 samples of chicken carcasses were collected from two major processing points in Osogbo, Nigeria. The samples were analysed for the presence of bacterial contaminants using standard microbiological isolation and identification procedures, with antimicrobial susceptibility test performed using the disk diffusion method. Results: Of hundred chicken carcasses sampled, 38% were positive for Arcobacter species and E. coli while 60% accounted for S. aureus isolates. Ninety percent of Arcobacter spp isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, 85% to gentamicin, and pefloxacin, 70% to chloramphenicol and 90% were resistant to amoxicillin, 85% to augumentin and 80% to streptomycin. Hundred percent of E. coli isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, 95% to gentamicin and 100% were resistant to streptomycin, 85 % resistant to amoxicillin, augumentin, while 100% of S. aureus isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole, 90% susceptible to gentamicin, 80% to streptomycin and 100% of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to ampliclox. Conclusion: The bacteriological status of chicken carcass revealed high contamination with Arcobacter, E coli and S. aureus with varying degree of antibiotic resistance therefore, improvement in meat processing procedures and strict hygiene measures towards reduction of these pathogens in food products should be encouraged.


Of battery mounting step of connecting according to a plurality of cells in order, selecting one of the inspection target cell through a circuit device for a time and IR / OCV of specifying a test item while the inspection object cell for the target cell given the other time selected, and includes a measurement step of measuring a selection step of specifying a different test item, select and send the selection signal and the test item signals each corresponding cell in accordance with the specified bar of the output of the output terminal to the IR and the OCV measurement unit, connected to the battery in the order in the predetermined time and the IR / OCV testing method and a testing device, characterized in that advancing the predetermined time repeating the selection step and the measuring step until gamyeo changing the cell selected at intervals be any cells selected for each test item It is started. According to the invention, the process proceeds to IR / OCV for a plurality of cells at the same time reducing the overall test time, it is possible to increase the operating efficiency of equipment.


The design and realisation of two new types of microwave printed antenna array, which exhibit unusual radiation diagrams are described. Some ideas concerning the association of radiating elements into blocks are developed in order to synthesise important radiation functions: creation of multibeam patterns, reduction of the secondary lobe levels, elimination of some grating lobes and compensation for others.


Aiming to improve the collision safety of power battery system, the study established the finite element models of the whole bus skeleton, power battery system and moving deformable barrier. A side collision was simulated on the position of battery box of the bus based on the collision law. The work carried out equivalent stress analysis of battery module and deformation analysis of battery pack and the rear panel of battery box. Measures were put forward to improve the collision safety of power battery system.


Although the storage in a closed enclosure is advantageous in view of protection assurance, it is accompanied by some humidity drift in the internal atmosphere. A humidityconditioning plaque containing Alminium hydrotalcite (Mg6Al2(OH)3-4H2O) reported at the previous conference was proved to be an useful tool for establishing consistent storing environment. A Moisture/Gas Control Card named KeepWell The feature and ability of KeepWell are introduced as follow. 1. Structure Injection-molded polyethylene sheet incorporates fine dispersion of moisture controller, gas absorbent and color indicator. 2. Useful Life Indicator The incorporated color indicator keeps its blue color as long as the KeepWell in effective. 3. Humidity-Optimizing Function KeepWell controls the storage environment of films, tapes or disks at 30 to 40%RH which is the most suitable for long term preservation. 4. Long Life The rates of gas and moisture absorption is modified by the diffusion process through the low-density polyethylene medium. The useful (i.e., effective) life is over 3 years in a tightly sealed can and approximately 2 years in the unsealed can. 5. Non-Hygroscopic Nature KeepWell retains its dry non hydroscopic surface, as absorbed water is fixed as the crystal water. It does not induce water marks nor stain on the stored materials even after absorbing moisture from the environment. 6. Neutralizing Capability The gaseous acid, if evolved out of film base, are neutralized by alkaline gas absorbent. 7. Small, Compact and Splittable Piece KeepWell is 2mm in thickness, can be easily slipped into even quite narrow space. Also it can be cut down to a size compatible with the space available for the applied objects. 27 8. Adequate Mechanical Strength KeepWell is non-brittle and the inpregnated chemical fragments remain in the sheet even when the KeepWell is cut by hand. 9. Adequate Moisture Absorption KeepWell absorbs moisture as much as 30% of its weight, consequently, one piece (15g) can lower the humidity by 10%RH in case it is placed in insulated space of 1 cubic meter. 10. Safe Conditioning The moderate absorption rate protects long term storage materials from physical damage caused by rapid dehytration. No risk of exothermal temperature reise nor gas evolution. Such slow steady and stable functioning is ideal for long life stability. 11. No Sticking, No Rusting and No Mold Growth KeepWell does not stick to contact enclosures, nor induce rust or mold growth on films, tapes, disks and enclosures. 12. Chemical Safety KeepWell is proved to be safe to human health by the Japan Food Research Laboratory. It is photographically inert, too. However, it should be kept out of the reach of infant. The used KeepWell is classified as a non-recyclable plastic waste. 13. Adequate Gas Absorption Capacity KeepWell scavenges acetic acid. When one piece is applied to 1 litter air, the acetic concentration is reduced 22ppm to nearly 0, and it can be repeatedly used as many as 11 times and more. 14. Easy to Use One piece of KeepWell can be cut into 4 pieces by hand for applying to small size objects. 15. Wide Application It has a wide applications; to safe house keeping of not only films, but also prints, tapes, disks, cameras, lenses, photo-accessories and audiovisual equipment, etc.


Abstract A neutral hybrid macrocycle with two trans‐positioned N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and two pyridine donors hosts copper in three oxidation states (+I–+III) in a series of structurally characterized complexes (1–3). Redox interconversion of [LCu]+/2+/3+ is electrochemically (quasi)reversible and occurs at moderate potentials (E 1/2=−0.45 V and +0.82 V (vs. Fc/Fc+)). A linear CNHC‐Cu‐CNHC arrangement and hemilability of the two pyridine donors allows the ligand to adapt to the different stereoelectronic and coordination requirements of CuI versus CuII/CuIII. Analytical methods such as NMR, UV/Vis, IR, electron paramagnetic resonance, and Cu Kβ high‐energy‐resolution fluorescence detection X‐ray absorption spectroscopies, as well as DFT calculations, give insight into the geometric and electronic structures of the complexes. The XAS signatures of 1–3 are textbook examples for CuI, CuII, and CuIII species. Facile 2‐electron interconversion combined with the exposure of two basic pyridine N sites in the reduced CuI form suggest that [LCu]+/2+/3+ may operate in catalysis via coupled 2 e−/2 H+ transfer.


This paper is devoted to the preliminary investigation in Czech Republic. The author analyzes investigation actions and operational search measures in Czech legislation. The main attention is given to the description of criminal procedure of Czech Republic. The author concludes that the criminal procedure code of the Czech Republic regulates in detail the criminal procedural activity. Some provisions of the Czech CPC are interested for the improvement of the legislation in Russian Federation.


The preparation method of oxalic acid from plant fibre by oxidation-hydrolysis-oxidation was investigated.This method has a major break as other method with same raw material in raise yield and reduce production costs.The yield of oxalic acid dihydrate each from corn-stalk,corncob,ricechaff and corn-bran as material was 69 7 %,78 8 %,75 8 % and 83 4 %


In the course of promoting western big further development,western area government faces two big difficulties: One is the optimization combination effect of west area productivity essential factor not good;the other is government management system,which are not suitable for market economic requirements.The thought of innovation should consider circumstance and local conditions.It is important to found good environment,strengthen informative construction,reform management system,raise working efficiency.


Several academic departments have increased their use of active learning to address low student success rates. However, it is unclear whether those implementing active learning have a consistent conceptualization of it. Like other educational terms, the phrase "active learning" is in danger of becoming overused and misunderstood, which puts the utility of active learning into question. This study examines 115 conceptualizations of active learning across six institutions of higher education that are infusing more active learning into their mathematics courses. We use the four pillars of inquiry-based mathematics education as a basis for analyzing these conceptualizations and compare them in two ways: by stakeholder role and by institution. Our findings show that many participants conceptualize active learning as student engagement and activities other than lecture, yet there was limited focus on the role of the teacher and content. Only eight participants mentioned issues of equity. Comparison within individual institutions shows that faculty within departments may hold common understandings of active learning. Implications of these findings include a need to develop an understanding of active learning that attends to all four pillars and is shared across departments, institutions, and disciplines.


This paper describes an Underwater Positioning System for plural AUVs with swarming operation. Although a conventional Underwater Positioning System needs more than three known reference points by Long Base Line (LBL) method, the proposed system only needs two GNSS supported reference points. Then the reference points of the system can be configured with only one Ship and one Buoy towed by it. However, the system additionally makes use of depth information and distance information between AUVs. Targeting system configuration is with two reference points (BS1 and BS2) and three AUVs (UE1, UE2, UE3) arranged in a triangle. The system is composed of OFDM-based Down Link (DL) and Up Link (UL) communication function to deliver GNSS information, commands etc. and Distance measurement function between all nodes by sending 10ms special sequence such as Chirp between BS and UEs as DL and Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence between UEs as Side Link (SL). Intensive computer-based signal processing simulation has been performed for two scenarios such as 70 m shallow case and 3000 m deep case. The simulation result has shown that any UE can identify it's and other UEs' positions even SL's Carrier to Noise Ratio CNR=0dB with DL's CNR=6dB.


This unit describes DNA‐dependent, RNA‐dependent, and template‐independent RNA polymerases. DNA‐dependent RNA polymerases include the related bacteriophage T7, T3, and SP6 polymerases, the most commonly used RNA polymerases for in vitro transcription reactions. Reaction conditions to produce preparative quantities of transcribed RNA and labeled RNA probes are covered, as are the major applications of these reactions. Limitations of the E. coli RNA polymerase for these applications are also presented. The properties of the phi6 RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and its use in RNAi experiments are also introduced. Poly(A) polymerase, a template‐independent polymerase, catalyzes the incorporation of AMP residues onto the free 3′‐hydroxyl terminus of RNA, utilizing ATP as a precursor. Specific reaction conditions of poly(A) polymerase, as well as applications including RNA tailing and 3′ end labeling, are discussed. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 84:3.8.1‐3.8.8. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The article discusses topical issues of treatment and rehabilitation strategies in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). The results of our own research on assessing the effectiveness of complex rehabilitation of patients with myocardial changes with the study of indicators of lipid metabolism, platelet aggregation, functional state of patients with coronary artery disease, after stenting of the coronary arteries have been stated in the article.


ICED (Incremental Clustering of Evolving Data) is a novel incremental clustering algorithm designed for data whose characteristics change over time. ICED is an unsupervised clustering technique that assumes no prior knowledge of the incoming data, and supports removing clusters that contain stale data. The user controls the FPGA implementation through a combination of compile time parameters (number of clusters) and run time parameters (distance threshold, fade cycle length). ICED has been applied to a radar application: pulse deinterleaving. ICED is the first implementation of incremental clustering on an FPGA of which we are aware. The implementation runs 39 times faster than an equivalent C implementation on a 3GHz Intel Xeon processor, and is capable of processing radar data in real time.


Halal innovation products in Malaysian manufacturing industry is gaining much interest not only among Malaysian but also to the other community as well. Due to majority of Muslims which accounted for more than 61.3% of the total population of Malaysia, issues on halal innovation products is so close to their heart. Since the concept of halal is not limited to the food aspect alone, it covers a whole spectrum of Muslim way of life. This study highlights how roles played by intellectual property rights in Malaysian manufacturing industry pertaining on halal innovation. Survey method was applied in this study. There were 136 companies participated in this study however due to incomplete responses, only 124 companies were included in the analysis. Limitation for this study was due to manufacturing companies that operates in the Northern Region of Malaysia. This study intent to determine IPR issues in halal manufacturing industry. Respondents were R&D or Intellectual Propery Manager who represents and involved in the halal manufacturing industry. It was indicated that IPR may improve the sales of halal product, difficulties in registering patent of halal product, and IPR roles in supporting company's business strategy. It is important to note that this study provides the community of Halal manufacturing companies for a better picture on Halal Ecosystems in Malaysia. Detail elaboration on the roles played by IPR in improving sales of halal product, providing better understanding on the halal innovation ecosystem as well as landscaping a new direction of prospect on halal innovation. Future studies may look into opportunities and threats that is crucial in this industry.


Radial velocity planet search surveys of nearby solar-type stars have shown a strong scarcity of brown dwarf companions within similar to 5 AU. There is presently no comprehensive explanation for this lack of brown dwarf companions; therefore, increasing the sample of such objects is crucial to understand their formation and evolution. Based on precise radial velocities obtained using the SOPHIE spectrograph at Observatoire de Haute-Provence we characterise the orbital parameters of 15 companions to solar-type stars and constrain their true mass using astrometric data from the HIPPARCOS space mission. The nine companions not shown to be stellar in nature have minimum masses ranging from similar to 13 to 70 M-Jup, and are well distributed across the planet/brown dwarf mass regime, making them an important contribution to the known population of massive companions around solar-type stars. We characterise six companions as stellar in nature with masses ranging from a minimum mass of 76 +/- 4 M-Jup to a mass of 0.35 +/- 0.03 M-circle dot. The orbital parameters of two previously known substellar candidates are improved.


Recently, private higher learning develops rapidly in the whole country and many provinces have made policies for private higher learning development. Many public colleges and universities cooperate with investors to run secondary college by using public running and being sponsored by private enterprises, which promotes the development of education. How to further promote sustainable and healthy development of private higher learning is a great topic for us to think.


Objective To observe the protective effect of Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza (RSM) and mannitol on heart, liver, kideny and pancreas injury after lower limb ischemic reperfusion. Method One hundred and fifty rats were divided into control group, ischemia 2 hours group, ischemia 3 hours group, ischemia 3 hours group treated with RSM and ischemia 3 hours group with mannitol. The histological observation of the heart, liver, kideny and pancreas were undertaken at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 24 hours after reperfusion. Result It was found that microvascular congestion, infiltrating of polymorphonuclear nutrophil (PMN), cell degeneration and tissue damages was observed in experimental groups at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 24 hours after reperfusion. There was a significant lessening of these remote organ injury in group treated with RSM and Mannitol. Conclusion These suggest that RSM and mannitol can alleviat the heart, liver, kideny and pancreas injury after lower limb ischemic reperfusion.


The attitude determination precision of strap-down star-sensor restrict by its relative installation error, which must be calibrated and compensated. In this paper an algorithm for the calibration of relative deviation of star sensor is presented based on gyros and star-sensors. For the issue of relative deviation between star-sensors in the gyro/star-sensor attitude determination system, this paper sets one star-sensor as the fiducial star-sensor, relative deviation is reflected in the form of multiplicative noise in the output of the other. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to estimate the state variable, which the relative deviation error is expanded into, in real time to improve the precision of attitude. Simulation results demonstrate that this on-orbit algorithm is effective to calibrate the relative deviation between star-sensors.


[September 5, 2008; revised December 6, 2009] We consider blockLDLT factorisation for symmetric indefinite matrices in the form LDLT , whereL is unit lower triangular andD is block diagonal with each diagonal block having dimension 1 or 2. The stability of this factorisation and its application to s olving symmetric indefinite linear systems has been well studied. On the other hand, while all rounding erro r analysis of blockLDLT factorisation in the literature relies on the outer product form, this paper g ives a novel componentwise backward error analysis based on the inner product form. The new results inc lude a condition under which block LDLT factorisation in inexact arithmetic is guaranteed to prese rve the inertia, and a reliability analysis of rank estimation and inertia estimation of symmetric indefinite m atrices by blockLDLT factorisation.


With several incomparable merits such as small size, compactness, reliable operation and zero reset time, the permanent-magnet-biased saturated iron core fault current limiter (PMFCL) has attracted the interests of many researchers for its prospective commercial application in power systems. In this paper, a series of formulae to model the magnetic circuit coupling in PMFCL have been presented. The equivalent magnetic circuit coupled model can be used to simulate the transient behavior of the PMFCL using MATLAB software. In order to verify the magnetic circuit coupled analysis, a small PMFCL prototype was investigated simultaneously. The experimental measured results were in agreement with the results obtained from modeling and they confirm the validity of the equivalent magnetic circuit coupled model. The results showed that, the proposed method of magnetic circuit coupled analysis is convenient for research into the use of PMFCL in power systems.


The analysis on the trend of climate change within 40 years indicates that the temperature in Linzhi prefecture is gradually becoming warmer and warmer;the precipitation is increasing more and more.Furthermore,the main reasons for climate change are because of forest resources degradation,tremendous increase of the tourist number,greenhouse effect and so on.Then the paper suggests controlling the releasing of greenhouse gases,strengthening afforestation and enclosure of the hillside for regeneration.


The flow of viscous incompressible fluid in a cylindrical duct with two serial diaphragms is studied by the numerical solution of the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations. The discretization procedure is based on the finite volume method using the TVD scheme for the discretization of the convective terms and second order accurate in both space and time difference schemes. The resulting system of non-linear algebraic equations is solved by the PISO algorithm. It is shown that the fluid flow in the region between the diaphragms is nonstationary and is characterized by the presence of an unstable shear layer under certain parameters. A series of ring vortices is formed in the shear layer that causes quasi-periodic self-sustained oscillations of the velocity and pressure fields in the orifice of the second diaphragm. There can be four self-sustained oscillation modes depending on the length of the cavity formed by the diaphragms. With the increase in the distance between the diaphragms, the frequency of oscillations decreases within the same self-oscillation mode and rises sharply with the switch to the next mode.


Antagonistic function of thirty-six strains' antagonistic actinomycete on Phytophthora capsici,F.f.sp.niveum,F.f.sp.vasinfectum,and F.f.sp.cucumerinum was studied by ferment fluid,competition in culture dish,and strains' metabolite irradiated with ultraviolet rays.The results indicated that:① Four kinds of pathogenic fungi on dishes having ferment fluid of different antagonistic actinomycetes were inhibited equally at different degree,which illustrated that there existed antibiotic function between the strains tested and pathogenic fungi.Strain quantities of ferment fluid of thirty-six strains of antagonistic actinomycete inhibiting Phytophthora capsici,F.f.sp.niveum,F.f.sp.vasinfectum,and F.f.sp.cucumerinum was thirty (83.3%),twenty-seven (75.0%),twenty-four (66.7%),and twenty-six (72.2%) respectively;(② Strain) quantities of antagonistic actinomycete being able to compete with Phytophthora capsici,F.f.sp.niveum,F.f.sp.vasinfectum,and F.f.sp.cucumerinum were nineteen (52.7%),ten (27.8%),six ((16.8%)),and eleven (30.6%) respectively;③ After metabolism of 95W06,64G12,87W14,63G06,03GY02②,31-4G02,28G14,and 10G27 and irradiated respectively,they all lost inhibiting activity;④ Function characteristic between the thirty-six strains of antagonistic actinomycete and four kinds of pathogenic fungi was different.


In this article, the typology of actualization of denotats of femme and homme nouns in spontaneous figurative comparisons is considered. All kinds of semantic opposition, which underlies the choice and actualization of each denotat of the considered nouns in the position of the core comparison, are determined and systematized. The ways of forming additional new semes are shown as the result of actualization of each semantic opposition in the combinatorial content of spontaneous comparisons with femme and homme components.


A number of single-cell RNA studies looking at the human immune response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been recently published. However, the number of samples used in each individual study typically is small, moreover the technologies and protocols used in different studies vary, thus somewhat restricting the range of conclusions that can be made with high confidence. To better capture the cellular gene expression changes upon SARS-CoV-2 infection at different levels and stages of disease severity and to minimise the effect of technical artefacts, we performed meta-analysis of data from 9 previously published studies, together comprising 143 human samples, and a set of 16 healthy control samples (10X). In particular, we used generally accepted immune cell markers to discern specific cell subtypes and to look at the changes of the cell proportion over different disease stages and their consistency across the studies. While half of the observations reported in the individual studies can be confirmed across multiple studies, half of the results seem to be less conclusive. In particular, we show that the differentially expressed genes consistently point to upregulation of type I Interferon signal pathway and downregulation of the mitochondrial genes, alongside several other reproducibly consistent changes. We also confirm the presence of expanded B-cell clones in COVID-19 patients, however, no consistent trend in T-cell clonal expansion was observed.


The method of supplying fuel for an electronic-controlled fuel injection system is calculating the required fuel amounts under various operating conditions of engine and controlling the opening and closing timing of fuel injection. After fuel injection, the effects of condensation and atomization of injected fuel as well as fuel mixing for combustion are strongly dominated by the opening timing and duration of intake valves. This can further affect the emission composition and performance for an engine. As the emission regulation is getting more stringent and the requirement for minimizing specific fuel consumption is becoming more urgent, investigating the effect of closing timing of fuel injection has turned out to be a major issue. Therefore, this paper presents a study about a series of engine tests to investigate the effect of end of injection angle on the performance and emission formation for a gasoline engine. In these tests, the values of end of injection angle are adjusted using a control software for electronic-controlled fuel injection system so that the results can be analyzed under various engine speeds and loads.


This study deals with the application of a machine learning algorithm (a classification tree) to assess the weight of Corallium rubrum (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) ramifications on the basis of the number of apices. Our approach can be easily applied to obtain in situ estimates of weight and basal diameter of colonies. Future developments include the integration with image acquisition and processing hardware.


Sarcopenia is a complicated geriatric syndrome characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and skeletal muscle dysfunction, which can lead to a significant increase in the risk of falls and disabilities in the elderly.Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)are more likely to suffer from sarcopenia, which may aggravate the deterioration degree of lung function.Exploring the mechanism and relationship of COPD with sarcopenia is helpful to understand the phenotype of COPD and to optimize a personalized treatment and management.Sarcopenia should be actively screened and intervened as early as possible to improve the prognosis of the elderly COPD patients.

Key words:
Sarcopenia; Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive


Knowledge sharing has been identified as the key enabler of knowledge management and
it recognized as fundamental means through which employees can contribute to knowledge
application, innovation and finally give competitive advantage to the organization.
Identification of factors that can motivate the employees to share their knowledge for the
benefit of other employees and the company is considered as high priority issue for
organizations. Thus, the main purpose of this research study was to examine factors that
influencing the intention to share knowledge and to identify what are the impacts of their
character and personality to the public sector in Malaysia. To meet the objectives, an
integrated model which is based on Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) is developed. The
method used in this study is survey using questionnaires and were distributed to 156
respondents from various public sector organizations in Melaka to collect quantitative data
for the analysis. The study was conducted for a period of one month from 10 December
2012 to 06 January 2013. 102 (65.8%) questionnaire were returned and 101 were usable
and the data was analyzed using SPSS 17.0; only 2 out of 5 hypotheses relationships were
supported. Knowledge sharing behavior was predicted by the employee's intentions
towards knowledge sharing. The result of this study shows that (i) social trust and
collectivism have significant effects on the intention to share knowledge; (ii) rewards/
incentive system, social network and individualism do not have significant effect on the
intention to share knowledge. This concurs, with the objectives of the research undertaken.
The research findings aids the public sector management in developing a framework in
knowledge sharing and identifying the factors that encourage knowledge sharing among
their employees.


Article provides primary information about state and level of musculoskeletal system of secondary school female pupils of third grades in the Central (L. Mikulas, Ruţomberok) and Eastern (Kosice, Presov) parts of Slovakia. In terms of how data have been chosen we use standardized method of evaluating muscular system for clinical and educational practice where we found that the most common shortened muscle groups are significantly (p <0.1%): m. rectus fermor, m. trapezius (upper part), m. levator scapulae. At the same time the riskiest weakened muscle groups significantly (p <0.1%) include: hip extensors which are too risky and most often impaired movement stereotypes which are observed in the age group of female pupils. Symptoms of muscle imbalance as functional disorder was significantly acute pain in the monitored file schoolgirls.


The Born-Infeld strategy to smooth theories having divergent solutions is applied to the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity. Differing from other theories of modified gravity, modified teleparallelism leads to second order equations, since the teleparallel Lagrangian only contains first derivatives of the vierbein. We show that the Born-Infeld-modified teleparallelism solves the particle horizon problem in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe by providing an initial exponential expansion without resorting to an inflaton field.


One of the biggest challenges for our society is air pollution because it is not only impacting our climate, but it affects the environment as well as human health badly. There are various pollutants present in the air nowadays that are the main reasons for disease in human beings. One of the major pollutants is Particulate Matter (PM), which is particles of very small diameter and variable, impale the respiratory system through breath, causing cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, dysfunction of the central and reproductive nervous system, and cancer. Although the ozone layer in the troposphere plays an important and protective role against irradiation of ultraviolet, it is dangerous when in extreme concentrations near the level of the ground, also impacting the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Lastly, changes in climate resulting from environmental pollution impact the distribution of various infectious diseases, like natural disasters. The best way to overcome these issues is through awareness in public integrated with an approach multidisciplinary by scientific experts; organizations of international and national levels must study the emergence of this problem and provide sustainable solutions. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the impacts of air pollution on human health and the environment. Also, we are discussing the role of artificial intelligence to overcome these problems.


Conceptual elevation of data in business process modeling was first formulated in 2003. The research community responded to this new idea enthusiastically. In the past decade, there have been numerous research activities concerning the interactions between business processes/activities and data in many aspects of business process management. Many of the advancements have or will have impacted on design/modeling, analysis, implementation of business processes in practice. However, there is still a lack of techniques for developing a suite of "interrelated" processes realizing a business service. Interrelated processes are a cluster of processes that share data and other resources, are collectively constrained by regulations and policies, influence KPIs as a group. Many current practical applications of business workflow systems are in urgent need for tools and techniques for process clusters. In this paper, we formulate a broad notion of an "Enterprise Process Framework" (EPF) to address this need and outline several interesting research challenges arising from EPFs.


Various kinds of snow crystals were observed under a pola:-ization microscope with colour films, in order to determine the c-axis of snow crystals of complicated shapes. As a result of the observation it was considc:-cd that the colouring of the snow crystals was influenced by many factors other than the orientation of the c-axis. However it was found that the determination of c-axis was possible by the use of colouring patterns which were characteristic to the orientation of the c-axis, even if the shape of the snow crystals was extraordinarily complicated. As a result of applying the method to various kinds of snow crystals, it was confirmed that in the case of branches of plate or plane type, their c-axis was always vertical to the surface of their plate or plane. It was also found that the method was useful to study the crystal axis of cloud particles which were frozen to a snow crystal.


This contribution presents a usage of Self-Tuning Controllers Simulink Library (STCSL) for real-time control. The STCSL was created for design, simulation verification and especially real-time implementation of single input single output (SISO) digital selftuning controllers. The proposed adaptive controllers what are included into a Library can be divided into three groups. The first group covers PID adaptive algorithms using traditional Ziegler-Nichols method for the setting of the controller parameters, the second group of described controllers is based on the polynomial approach and the third group contains the controllers derived on the other approaches (minimum variance etc.). The controllers are implemented as an encapsulated Simulink blocks and thus allows users simple integration into existing Simulink schemas. The process of developing real-time applications using MATLAB Real-Time Workshop and several control courses is also presented. This Library is very successfully used in Adaptive Control Course in education practice for design and verification of self-tuning control systems in real-time conditions. It is suitable also for design and verification of the industrial digital controllers. The STCLS is available free of charge at Internet site http://www.utb.cz/stctool/.


The paper describes results with a breaking wave model based on an extended set of Boussinesq equations. The wave breaking is described by accounting for the effect of vorticity generated by the breaking process. The vorticity field in the domain is obtained by solving the vorticity transport equation, which is based entirely on the Reynold's equations. In addition to the wave height decay and profile deformation predicted by earlier breaker models, the present model also provides information about the velocity profiles. The model results give good agreement with experimental data for wave height, setup and the velocity profiles. The crossshore variation of the radiation stress calculated from the model results gives a good representation of the results from experimental data.


Elevated glucocorticoid (GC) levels produce a marked impairment in somatic growth in both rodents and primates. In addition, GC play an important role in the regulation of growth hormone (GH) synthesis and secretion. Blunted GH response to stimulation tests in conditions of chronic exposure to excessive cortisol secretion or administration are well documented. In contrast, acute administration of GC to normal human subjects induces a transient increase in plasma GH levels. This dual action of GC on GH secretion is probably due to the fact that they act at different loci; i.e. in the regulation of GH transcription and GHRH and somatostatin receptors at the pituitary level as well as GHRH, somatostatin and GH receptor gene expression at the hypothalamic level.


Abstract : Although for many years the United States conducted detailed defense planning for Hawaii, the Japanese were still able to conduct a successful attack on Pearl Harbor. The 1907 war scare with Japan led to the initiation of war planning against the threat of Japanese aggression, and the establishment of a standing American capability at the Army War College, where each year students critically analyzed and recommended updates to standing defense plans. Based on these strategic plans, the Hawaiian Department implemented and developed Joint defense plans for Oahu. Historians have shown that the U.S. military possessed the intelligence to indicate an impending attack on Pearl Harbor. However, the ability to respond to an attack depended on two things: early warning and effective defense planning. In 1941, radar -- the primary means of early warning -- remained a new technology. Radar proved to be effective and correctly detected the incoming attack, but it lacked the ability to discriminate between friendly and enemy aircraft. This monograph has particular significance given today's concern in the United States regarding homeland defense, since the lessons learned from analyzing the successful attack on Pearl Harbor will offer insight to homeland defense planners whose present-day concerns are terrorist attacks against the United States involving chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons. By determining whether poor planning or lack of early warning and response capability led to the tragedy at Pearl Harbor, this research will contribute to modern efforts to prepare for homeland defense.