Abstract: This study aims to describe the value of tolerance instilled in SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Tulungagung and the process of planting it to students. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of case study, the place of research is at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Tulungagung. The research data were obtained from the principal, Ismuba teacher and students using observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing by checking the validity of the data in the form of credibility and confirmability. The results showed that the cultivation of tolerance values in SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Tulungagung was carried out through Ismuba learning materials which contained tolerance values. The process of planting through active learning both in terms of theory and practice. In ensuring success in instilling the value of tolerance, the school makes direct observations of both the status of active students and alumni. They are monitored regularly without them knowing by involving all teachers. From this evaluation, it was found that there were no cases of intolerance and blasphemy against multicultural values by active students and alumni


Some measurement schemes have been proposed and realized for the absolute measurement of long distances with an accuracy better than 10 nm. Published measurement setups use one or even two laser frequency combs. But significant engineering will be required to space qualify such a system. Simple methods, less technology-demanding would be valuable in the perspective of embedded instrumentation. We have designed and implemented a two-mode interference measurement scheme that allows sub-nanometer scale resolution in long distance measurement. The two-mode interference signal contains both - (sub-µm) interferometric information: the scale is the optical wavelength - (sub-15mm) modulation phase information: the scale is the "synthetic wavelength" corresponding to the frequency of the beat-note of the two modes. With the addition of a time-of-flight (ToF) measurement, the method allows to combine the three data (ToF, synthetic wavelength and interferometric) in a single, high-resolution, high accuracy length measurement, obtained every 50 ms. A measurement update rate of 100 µs is possible, but may rely on the availability of significantly higher data processing rates in the FPGA phase-meter. Implementation of this scheme has required that systematic errors on the phase and amplitude of the microwave optical signal be kept at a level well below 10^-4 cycle and 10^-4 respectively. One consequence of this requirement is the replacement of any parallel optics in the optical setup by wedged optics, so that multiple reflections do not interfere with the measurement and reference beams to better than 10^-8 in optical power. Systematic errors of electronic origin are more difficult to deal with because the amplitude-to-phase (AM-to-PM) couplings effects at 20 GHz appear to have, not only an instantaneous contribution, but also a transient contribution. This contribution, related to the heating of the photodiode junction under the dissipated Joule power, exceeds the limit of 10^-4 cycle by roughly two orders of magnitude. This thermal behaviour is not purely exponential with time and cannot be accurately corrected for. We will present the implementation of the setup, and the way we have suppressed, by 3 orders of magnitude, the AM-to-PM coupling effect by modifying the detection scheme of the 20 GHz beatnote. This last point is important, not only for the range meter presented, but also for in high accuracy and low phase noise microwave optical links.


Based on the data from the Chinese financial market, this paper focuses on analyzing three types of network entropies of the financial market, namely, Shannon, Renyi and Tsallis entropies. The findings suggest that Shannon entropy can reflect the volatility of the financial market, that Renyi and Tsallis entropies also have this function when their parameter has a positive value, and that Renyi and Tsallis entropies can reflect the extreme case of the financial market when their parameter has a negative value.


The backtracking search optimization algorithm (BSA) is a new nature-inspired method which possesses a memory to take advantage of experiences gained from previous generation to guide the population to the global optimum. BSA is capable of solving multimodal problems, but it slowly converges and poorly exploits solution. The differential evolution (DE) algorithm is a robust evolutionary algorithm and has a fast convergence speed in the case of exploitive mutation strategies that utilize the information of the best solution found so far. In this paper, we propose a hybrid backtracking search optimization algorithm with differential evolution, called HBD. In HBD, DE with exploitive strategy is used to accelerate the convergence by optimizing one worse individual according to its probability at each iteration process. A suit of 28 benchmark functions are employed to verify the performance of HBD, and the results show the improvement in effectiveness and efficiency of hybridization of BSA and DE.


Widespread concern regarding food safety (Liang & Scammon, 2016) and the sustainability of food production (Aschemann-Witzel et al., 2019), as well as the linkages between diet and health, have increased consumer interest in organic food (Janssen, 2018) as a mechanism for providing consumers with environmentally sustainable and healthy food, that is in keeping with natural life-cycle systems (Leifeld, 2012; Rana & Paul, 2020). Led by Western Europe and North America, consumer demand for organic foods has grown rapidly (Willer & Lernoud, 2019), with nascent markets in many emerging and middle-income economies (Willer & Lernoud, 2019). This has given rise to considerable interest in the factors affecting consumers' Willingness to Pay (WTP) for organic food. Prior research considers the effects of taste and other sensory characteristics (Denver & Jensen, 2014; Rousseau & Vranken, 2013), production methods (Hempel & Hamm, 2016; Merlino et al., 2018; Yeh et al., 2018) and origin (Gracia et al., 2014; Mauracher et al., 2013; Yeh et al., 2018) on consumers' WTP for organic food. The literature identifies that consumer demand for organic foods reflects both personal and nonegotistical factors connected with animal welfare and supporting local/domestic producers (Janssen, 2018). While consumers generally possess a preference for domestically produced organic food, this is stronger in some countries than others and even absent in some cases (Cosmina et al., 2016; Ortega et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2014). The reasons for the varying importance of origin remain unclear (Janssen & Hamm, 2012; Yeh et al., 2018). This paper investigates two issues that may affect demand for organic foods specifically, but which remain under-researched in this context (Dangelico & Vocalelli, 2017), namely ethnocentrism and perceived regulatory efficacy. Ethnocentrism refers to concern for one's own country and a belief that imports harm its citizens Received: 18 June 2020 | Revised: 9 September 2020 | Accepted: 10 September 2020 DOI: 10.1111/ijcs.12619


The present invention provides a method of equalizing a channel, the method comprising: receiving a signal obtained from the channel correlation matrix and the response frequency domain; zeroing process correlation between the autocorrelation matrix of the antenna of different polarization directions ; the matrix inversion processing; inversion signal according to the result, the frequency domain response of the channel and the received transmit signal is derived. The present invention further provides a base station and a system. The present invention is not only possible to reduce the amount of calculation of the inverse matrix, and can reduce the loss of information between the antennas, so that better channel equalization effect.


The parameter estimation algorithms for the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) simulation of multivariate random processes is considered. The recursive procedure for estimating the parameters of multivariate AR models is extended to the parameter estimation of multivariate ARMA models of same order for both the AR and MA components, which are usually used in the ARMA simulation of stationary multivariate random processes. The recursive parameter estimation procedure for ARMA models relies on the knowledge of the input-output cross correlation of the model, which is obtained with a procedure from the two-stage least-squares method, in that an AR model of high order is used to estimate the cross correlation. A numerical example shows that the recursive procedure for multivariate ARMA models leads to good ARMA representation of random processes, which is characterized by a specified target spectrum.


Detection of introduced invasive Phytophthoras is a main issue in order to forecast the risk of Ink disease and evaluate the efficacy of mitigation and eradication plans. Diagnosis of these pathogens is based on analysis of symptoms and/or isolation in pure culture from different substrates; recently PCR techniques based on DNA template were widely introduced. However biological detection is scarcely sensible resulting in false negatives especially from difficult substrates; furthermore PCR based on DNA templates does not answer the question of viability of the inoculum. In this study mRNA was used as a viability marker of Phytophthora cambivora one of the causal agents of Ink disease of chestnut. Cytochrome oxidase gene encoding subunits I and II was chosen to detect changes in gene transcription. The goal is to develop a differential display RT-PCR technique able to detect changes in transcription of COXI and COXII cytochrome oxidase subunits in Phytophthora spp. following exposition of samples to different chemical and physical tretments. The technique would make available a larger amount of transcripts as templates for molecular diagnosis with RT-PCR and would offer an additional tool to assess the vitality of the pathogen through the "differential display" analysis of subsamples differently treated.


The stepped spillway is interested by engineers due to its excellent function of energy dissipation and aerification. The flow pattern, the effects of energy dissipation and aerification of steeped spillwawy are summerized, the problems on this matter are pointed out, and the future trends are prospected in this paper.


The bacteriostatic composition in fermentation liquor of XL 12 Bacillus subtilis strain and correlation between crude protein content in fermentation liquor and bacteriostatic effect were determined by ammonium sulfate fractionation method to explore the feasible biological method for controlling jujube black spot.The results showed that the inhibition rate of crude protein in fermentation liquor against mycelial of Alternaria alternate was 91.6%,the bacteriostatic activity could reach 94.3% when the crude protein was 208μg/mL.The mean control effect of crude protein was 85.4% and 84.1% in 2008 and 2009 respectively in field tests and its control effect of crude protein was significantly higher than that of the chemical agent.


In the article foreign and domestic backgrounds are highlighted, which led to the conclusion of the Treaty of Rome (1957) as evidence of completion of an important phase of the process of economic integration in the six countries of Western Europe. Particular attention is paid to the emergence of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), which was intended to control and coordinate actions of the Member States in the field of nuclear energy. The signing of the Treaty of Rome contributed to the development of the single European energy policy, including the channel of nuclear energy, control of which in the light of events in Ukraine on Chernobyl (1986) and in Japan at Fukushima-1 (2011) became especially important and relevant. In 1967 were merged ECSC, EEC and Euratom, which performs functions of the European Commission, which now coordinates the development of alternative energy and diversification of energy supplies to reduce dependence on Russian oil and gas involving in this Ukraine. As for the provision of guarantees adherence of nonproliferation of nuclear weapons,to this involved several international organizations: for example, April 28, 1992 between the IAEA and the EU was contributed a «new approach», which strengthened the role of Euratom and reduced control of the IAEA. Ukraine has not remained aloof from these processes.September 22, 2016 the Parliament of Ukraine adopted the law «On ratification of the Agreement between the Government of Ukraine and the European Atomic Energy Community on scientific andtechnological cooperation and association of Ukraine in the program of research and training of Euratom (2014-2018)», which can be considered the next step in the integration of our country to the common European home.


Objectives: To determine (i) the efficacy of silicone oil tamponade as a primary treatment for a retinal detachment (RD) resulting from a macular hole (MH) (MHRD) in highly myopic eyes, and (ii) identify variables associated with successful retinal re-attachment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 28 eyes of 26 high myopia MHRD patients in one hospital. All eyes had been treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil tamponade (PPV/silicone oil tamponade). Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factor(s) influencing initial anatomical success. Results: The initial anatomical success rate was 75% (21 of 28 eyes); after silicone oil removal, the anatomical success rate was 96.4% (27 of 28 eyes). MH diameter was the only variable associated with initial anatomical success. Conclusion: PPV/silicone oil tamponade is a practical choice for treatment of MHRD in high myopia. While RDs occasionally re-occur after silicone oil treatment, these events are limited and can be managed with simple measures. A large MH is a risk factor for recurrent RD.


The classification of remotely sensed data and the follow-up change detection and analysis inherit the problems of large amounts of and possibly uncertain, incomplete and contradictory data, as well as with complex relationships between them. With that a formalization and automatization of necessary processing steps becomes just as difficult as a visual interpretation with standard methods. Hence, there is a need to apply and to further develop analytical reasoning concepts and techniques which are for example known from the field of Visual Analytics. We propose an extended framework for change analysis processes, with a special emphasis on considering uncertainty information, which is then illustrated with some prototypes based on interactive filtering and interactive visualization techniques.


The Arbitration Panel's decision in Ukraine – Export Prohibition on Wood Products suggests the emerging trend among some Word Trade Organization (WTO) Members to settle their trade irritants regionally. This dispute was adjudicated between the EU and Ukraine, which are both WTO Members, under the WTO rules that are incorporated by reference into the Association Agreement between these parties and by the Arbitration Panel the two members of which are well-known WTO adjudicators. The dispute settlement proceedings in this case thus illustrate how regional dispute settlement mechanisms work in practice and shed some light on whether these mechanisms could serve as a viable alternative to the WTO at the time of the ongoing WTO dispute settlement crisis. Moreover, from a substantive perspective, some may view this decision as an important milestone in international economic law, which contributes to the long-standing debate on how the right balance should be struck between trade and environmental considerations, in this case, the conservation of forests. This article, however, addresses several important shortcomings in the Arbitration Panel's reasoning, which appear to diminish the relevance of the decision beyond the dispute at hand.


The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard has now become the most popular video coding solution for video conferencing, broadcasting, and streaming. However, its compression performance is still a critical issue for adopting a large number of emerging video applications with higher spatial and temporal resolutions. To advance the current HEVC performance, we propose an efficient temporal rate allocation solution. The proposed method adaptively allocates the compression bitrate for each coded picture in a group of pictures by using a trellis-based dynamic programming approach. To achieve this task, we trained the trellis-based quantization parameter for each frame in a group of pictures considering the temporal layer position. We further improved coding efficiency by incorporating our proposed framework with other inter prediction methods such as a virtual reference frame. Experiments showed around 2% and 5% bitrate savings with our trellis-based rate allocation method with and without a virtual reference frame compared to the conventional HEVC standard, respectively.


4-methyl-1:2-a-naphtha-pyrone, the acyl group being split off during the condensation. Negative results were obtained with 5-nitro-resacetophenone, 5-benzyl-resacetophenone, w- methoxy-resacetophe-none, methyl-/3-resacetophenone carboxylate, 4: 6-diacetyl-resorcinol and 2: 4-diacetyl-resorcinol. The results obtained have been explained; negative groups like —NO 2 , —CO.Me, etc., hinder the reaction, while positive groups like —C 2 H 5 have no de-activating effect on the course of the reaction.


The symmetric linear biconjugate gradient (S-LBCG) iterative algorithm combined with modified relaxed incomplete Cholesky (RIC) preconditioner is proposed for solving large sparse complex symmetric and highly indefinite systems, which results from the use of edge-based finite-element method (FEM) on the analysis of electromagnetic problems. The S-LBCG iterative algorithm is derived from the linear biconjugate gradient iterative algorithm. It contains only one matrix-vector product per iteration for solving complex sparse symmetric systems. The preconditioner is derived from the relaxed incomplete Cholesky factorization with diagonal compensation. More robust and efficient RIC preconditioner can be achieved by employing preprocessing scheme of scaling and reordering before the incomplete factorization. Numerical tests on analysis of time-harmonic electromagnetic field problems show that this RIC preconditioned S-LBCG algorithm performs excellently both on reducing the memory requirement and on convergence rate.


The status of efforts in methane and energy extraction from the geopressured aquifer sources of the North Gulf of Mexico region is outlined. Three different schemes for energy extraction are considered, and the anticipated materials and corrosion problems are defined. Suitable materials are suggested for use in the production well and surface equipment. J-55 steel can be used for production well casing. Monel clad carbon steel or high chromium ferritic stainless steels, such as E-Brite or AL 29-4 can be used in the cyclone gas separator. Polymer-concrete coated steel pipings are suitable for brine piping. The hydraulic turbine as well as the power turbine in the thermal energy converter can be made of a titanium alloy such as Ticode-12. Monel or Hastelloy-C276 clad steel is recommended for steam processing areas and monel piping is recommended for the heat exchangers. 20 references.


On the basis of data from 20 meteorological stations for 1961-2018 of the «basic triad» of precipitation (total, maximum daily precipitation and the number of days with precipitation of at least 20 mm (NR20)) for the territory of southern European Russia, a frequency analysis of seasonal and annual precipitation was carried out, a frequency distribution in absolute value, an integral distribution was obtained. The right-sided asymmetry of the empirical distribution function revealed a redistribution of the daily maximum precipitation and NR20 towards their increase.


Although aroids are best known as food plants, a large majority of the wild and cultivated species in Vietnam have medicinal uses. Detailed studies of optimal growth conditions and effectiveness for medicinal use are needed for all of these plants. Ethnobotanical and practical studies also needed for sustainable management of wild aroid populations. This paper highlights the general scarcity of information on medically useful aroids.


In this study, we examined what sources laypeople would select (i.e., visit and adopt) to resolve their health-related information needs, and how different health conditions affect the selection. Twenty-four college students participated in this user study, where they were asked to search for two separate health issues respectively: multiple sclerosis and weight loss. The search logs were collected and analyzed afterwards. We classify the online information sources on both website level and webpage level, and a webpage classification scheme based on genre is proposed. Results suggest that users» selection of sources depends on different types of health issues in terms of urgency and complexity. Health-specific webpage is a popular source and highly adopted for both tasks, but it is particularly helpful for urgent and complex health conditions. Search engines could facilitate users to navigate among scattered health information and support concerns regarding common health issues.


Here we describe a novel CMOS compatible gas sensor array based on a combined resistive/chemFET sensor cell. We have fabricated an array of 70 sensors with integrated drive, gain and baseline removal circuitry using an AMS 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The sensing materials are carbon black/polymer composite (CB) thin films, which have been previously reported to have good vapour-sensing properties. Different CB films have been deposited onto the sensor array and have been shown to respond differently to volatile organic compounds. This combined sensing element both reduces silicon area and, more importantly, measures different physical properties of the same gas sensitive material improving discrimination and giving more insight into the sensing mechanism.


The use of cooperative transmissions in multipath wireless networks is achieving Virtual Multiple Input Single Output (VMISO) links. The physical layer benefits translate into network level performance improvements. The improvements are nontrivial but rely on two crucial algorithmic decisions: the number of cooperating transmitters for each link and the cooperation strategy used by the transmitters. The system explore the tradeoffs in making routing decisions using analytical models and derives the key routing considerations. Finally, present an adaptive diversity routing protocol that includes algorithmic solutions to the above two decision problems and leverages VMISO links in multihop wireless network to achieve performance improvement.The objective of the paper is to create taxonomy of the multihop routing in wireless networks and to survey and compare representative example for each work. Intex terms: diversity routing, cooperative transmission


The Roter Kamm Crater in Southwest Africa is a highly probable meteorite impact crater of some antiquity. It is about 1.5 miles across, making it the third-largest young probable meteorite crater in the world. Roter Kamm has a presumably thick desert-sand fill. It is now 400 feet deep below its rim and 100 feet deep below the regional Archean terrane. The high circularity, regional uniqueness and other aspects all point to a meteoritic origin.


The taxonomy of the mud crab, Scylla serrata has become a topic of interest. Alcock (1899) described this species from Indian waters. It was considered that under the genus Scylla, only one species, namely, Scylla serrata was valid. But Estampador (1949) revised the genus and reported the occurrence of four sorts, Scylla serrata, S. tranquebarica, S. oceanica and a variety S. serrata, var paramarnosain in Philippine waters. He established his claim based on the morphology such as colouration, relative length of chelae and also on the cytological events during gametogenesis. Serene (1952) pointed out that two distinct categories under this genus were demonstrable on the basis of colouration. But Stephenson & Campbell (1960) concluded them as only synonyms, but pointed out the need for further investigations.


Silyl nitronates undergo rhodium-catalyzed formal [3+3]-cycloaddition with enol diazoacetates to form N-silyloxy-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,2-oxazines. The scope of the reaction and the extent of the major side process were evaluated. A mechanistic scheme was proposed. The nitrogen inversion barrier in the obtained nitroso acetals was estimated based on both quantum calculations and kinetic measurements.


Abstract : The Air Training Command was requested to develop and examine alternatives for replacement of the aging T-37 along with options which provide a more economically trained graduate. This study reports the results of that examination. Training requirements for UPT (Undergraduate Pilot Training) unchanged in the future, with the emphasis remaining on the acquisition of basic flying skills. A specialized pilot training system is required to effectively teach the 30 identified training requirements. Procurement of new aircraft is required to replace the T-37 and inaugurate specialized pilot training. T-38 fleet life can be extended ten years by conversion to a specialized UPT system. Acquisition and life cycle costs favor a three aircraft specialized UPT system; a primary aircraft replacement for the T-37, a new TTB (Tanker-Transport-Bomber) trainer, and use of the T-38 as a FAIR (Fighter-Attack-Interceptor-Reconnaissance) trainer.


Summary To determine the influence of potassium levels in the nutrient solution on lycopene content, tomato plants were grown in a soil-less system using rockwool slabs as substrate. Two growing seasons were studied with the aim of comparing three potassium levels: low, medium and high (corresponding to 150, 300 and 450 mg K l–1 in the nutrient solution). In the first growing season (Spring–Summer), two high-pigment cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.,'SVR' and 'Kabiria') were compared. In the second growing season (Summer–Winter) 'Esperanza', a non high-pigment hybrid and the two previous cultivars were used. Total fruit yield was higher in the Summer–Winter growing season than in the Spring–Summer season, but was not influenced by potassium nutrition. Growing season, potassium level, and the genetic traits of the cultivars influenced the principal quality parameters of fruit, with higher dry matter and total soluble solids contents in the first growing season, correlating with lower lycopene and K+ contents in the fruit. The lycopene content increased linearly with increasing potassium level in the nutrient solution. The high-pigment genotypes showed a higher lycopene content than 'Esperanza'. The higher lycopene content in 'Kabiria' fruit can also be related to the size of the fruit.


Background: Kenya has regularly experienced frequent breaks in the supply of energy products over the years despite the state spending about Kshs. 234 billion per year in the energy sector. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by establishing the relationship between international procurement practices and supply chain performance of energy development agencies in Kenya, as well as shedding light on the intervening role of planning function of management and moderating influence of regulatory framework on this relationship.
Study Objective: The general objective was to establish the influence of international procurement practices, planning function of management and regulatory framework on supply chain performance of energy development agencies in Kenya. The study's theoretical review is based on four theories that are relevant to international procurement practices and supply chain performance. These theories include: social network approach theory, Fayol classical theory of management, contract theory and bullwhip theory.
Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design aimed at collecting large number of quantitative data at a point in time so as to establish patterns of value addition in the Kenyan energy sector. The study's target population consisted of six energy development agencies in Kenya as outlined by the Ministry of energy (2019). These agencies include: Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Corporation (REREC), Geothermal Development Company (GDC), Kenya Electricity Transmission Company (KETRACO), Kenya Generation Company (KENGEN) and Kenya Power, Lighting Company (KPLC) and Nuclear Power and Energy Agency (NUPEA). The study's respondents was drawn from all the 224 top and middle managers from the energy development agencies.  Yamane formula was used to obtain a sample size of 144. The study used stratified random sampling to pick the 144 respondents. Primary data was obtained using self-administered questionnaires while the secondary data was collected from energy sector reports. The questionnaire was made up of closed questions relating to the study's objectives. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies, mean and standard deviation was used for the quantitative data and information presented in form of tables and graphs. Inferential data analysis was done using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis.
Findings: The study found that there was significant relationship between international procurement practices and supply chain performance of energy development agencies in Kenya. There was a partial intervening effect of planning function of management in the relationship between international procurement practices and supply chain performance. There is a significant moderating effect of regulatory framework in the relationship between international procurement practices and supply chain performance of energy development agencies in Kenya. Lastly, the joint effect of international procurement practices, planning function of management and regulatory framework on supply chain performance of energy development agencies in Kenya is significantly different from their separate effects.
Conclusions and Recommendations: The study recommended that the management of energy corporations should put measures in place to ensure that all the drawn ethical policies and codes are adhered to by all the supply chain staff as well as by the suppliers that they deal with. For the best supply chain performance in the energy corporations, the management should maintain the highest standards of integrity in its everyday dealings.
Keywords: International Procurement Practices, Planning Function of Management, Regulatory Framework Supply Chain Performance, Energy Development Agencies & Kenya.


Considering the presence of the errors, discretizing the factors in some extent and combination, and the productivity probability distribution can be gotten. With the application of Probability Analysis Theory, the initial productivity was calculated. Based on the Grey Theory, a new method to choosing the optimal completion method was proposed, which considered the initial productivity, the accumulative productivity, the NPV, the expense, the dynamic invest payback period. The grey correlation coefficients of the assessment targets of different completion methods were calculated, and the grey correlation degree was got. Comparing the grey correlation degree, the optimal completion method was selected.


We report on the phase locking of a fibre bundle laser based on a single frequency oscillator coupled into four fibre amplifiers to provide a coherent beam of over 600 W. The oscillator was phase modulated to a width of up to 2 GHz to increase the threshold for stimulated Brillouin scattering and then a fraction split off and frequency shifted to form a reference beam. The oscillator output was amplified by end-pumped fibre amplifiers based on 20 μm core Yb doped fibre to provide a power of up to 260 W per channel. The beams combined to form a coherent output with phase errors of a twentieth of a wave, unaffected by the spectral broadening.


Based on the principle of elasticity, a mathematical model is set up for analyzing the static and dynamic characteristics of highline system for transverse replenishment at sea.The computer program is capable of carrying out the mathematical simulation and graphical display of highline system in the process of the replenishment at sea. The simulation results agree well with the model experiments.


Intestinal intubation showed the duodenal contents contained normal amounts of pancreatic enzymes, but there was a complete absence of bile from the small intestine as far. as the jejunum. It appeared likely, therefore, that the anastomosis between the cyst and the small intestine was not sufficiently proximal to ensure adequate mixing of the pancreatic enzymes and their biliary activators during the processes of digestion. However, before further surgery could be carried out the patient requested discharge, and since that time has refused review. During her stay in hospital the patient showed no significant weight loss, haematological change, or any other clinical manifestations of a general malabsorption syndrome. Discusdon


This work describes the silicon implementation of a new sample-and-hold circuit topology. The main feature of the circuit is its auto-zero capability. The auto-zero corrects the offset voltage generated by the transistor mismatch in the differential pair and the charge injected by the NMOS switches in the sampling capacitor. The circuit was implemented in 0.8 μm CMOS process from AMS. The results, initially obtained from simulations, were compared to real laboratory measurements. The comparison indicates that the measurements and the simulated results have a very close correspondence. The circuit is capable of reducing the total sample-and-hold output error to just 0.14% at a sampling rate of 250 KHz.


How can work culture and heritage as mechanisms of exclusion? Abstract: Culture, heritage and its use can be of great contribution to the progress of societies and rein- force the collective identity that a country wants to reflect, but often the exclusion of community members in developing these projects and commercial exploitation of heritage and historic sites can cause the modification or extinction of the same culture that wants to be highlighted. Such are the cases presented in this article about specific gentrification and exclusion situations related with the authenticity loss of the cultural values that want to be highlighted and sometimes forgetting that this culture and heritage have been created by the same communities and societies that in this cases are being excluded.


approved: Redacted for privacy G. David Faulkenberry The problem of predicting variate values for all individual units in a finite population based on a sample of some of the units is Investigated. Two prediction problems are considered: the one-stage prediction problem where the unit variate values are directly observable for each sample unit, and the two-stage prediction problem where the sample units are subsampled in order to estimate the variate values for these units. A superpopulation model-based approach is suggested to both of these problems. In both cases, a model framework is developed, predictors given for the unit variate values, and the error variances of these predictors are derived. An important aspect in the sample design of these prediction problems is the allocation of the sample. An algorithm Is developed for selecting specific units to be sampled. This selection procedure is used for the one-stage problem to derive a method for determining the number of units to sample to achieve a prespecified precision on the predictors. For the two-stage problem, a method is developed for selecting both the number of units and subunits to achieve a fixed sample size while minimizing the error variances of the predictors. An example is given that illustrates some of the theoretical results. Finally, the applicability of this approach is discussed and areas for further investigation are indicated. Predicting Unit Variate Values fn a Finite Population


AbstractUrban agglomerations are important regional units for China to participate in global competition. They are also the sites at which contradictions between China's resource utilization, envir...


For the examination of a patient's visual characteristics, astigmatism and mean power errors or visual acuity (V. A.) are basic optometric quantities. Unfortunately those quantities do not incorporate the pupil diameter as a variable but rather for an average fixed size. Moreover V. A. is measured for spherical and cylindrical trial lenses only. For PAL's the pupil diameter is important because of the gradient behaviour of astigmatism and mean power. In this paper we introduce a new quantity which incoperates the pupil size. This quantity, which we call relative optical performance (R. O. P.), is based on the modulation transfer function (MTF) that takes a finite aperture into account.


In July 1880, 'Abd al-Rahman Khan (r. 1880–1901) became the new amir of Afghanistan thanks to his own resourcefulness, some measure of luck, and the assistance of both the Russian and the British empires. His life experience had prepared him for the "Great Game" that he was entering, and the new amir seems to have fully understood the position of the political entity he was ruling over. 'Abd al-Rahman's Afghanistan was to serve as a buffer, or in the amir's own terminology, "a curtain," between the Asiatic colonies of Britain and Russia.1 As an active player in the AngloRussian "Great Game" that was being played out in South and Central Asia, the amir had chosen to side with Britain. As he wrote in 1885, it would have been "impossible for the people of Afghanistan to become friendly with the Russian state, because that latter is not abandoning its designs on India, for which it must step on this [Afghan] people."2 With his foreign policy in the hands of British control and guarantees to protect Afghanistan from any foreign aggression, 'Abd al-Rahman channeled his energies into extending his authority over hitherto-independent or semiautonomous regions of the country. In the words of Barnett Rubin, under 'Abd al-Rahman, "Afghanistan became a buffer state, in which an indigenous ruler began to build an internally autonomous state with only external colonial support."3


Leo is a setting of ancient Latin text for unaccompanied mixed choir, duration: 5:45.For Zodiakos, the final concert of their 2002 season, The Esoterics commissioned twelve Washington State composers to create a suite of a cappella horoscopes from the ancient poem, Astronomica, by First Century B.C.E. poet Marcus Manilius. Each composer set verses for his or her own star sign.Leo was premiered by The Esoterics on December 7, 8, 14 & 15, 2002, in concerts in Tacoma, Mercer Island and Seattle, Washington. The score is published by Ars Nova Music, a division of Ars Nova Press. The piece was named as a Finalist in 2007 Cincinnati Camerata Composition Competition. Leo is a Project Encore selection.


Visceral fat is more significantly correlated with inflammation markers and oxidative stress than is subcutaneous fat. Myeloperoxidase is one inflammatory signal secreted after polymorphonuclear leukocytes are stimulated. However, few studies discuss the correlation between visceral fat and the inflammatory response in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).


A hinge for a switch cupboard, having a first hinge part and a second hinge part. The first hinge part is arranged on a cupboard door and the second hinge part is arranged on the body of the switch cupboard. The hinge can be used on both left-mounted and right-mounted cupboard doors and has two fixing positions. Thus, the cupboard doors can be fixed to the body in two different positions at a distance from each other in the axial direction of the hinge.


Both Math and English are the two subjects that most of students have difficulty on it. To understand Math requires logical thinking that most of students do not have. To understand English, in which the written and sound are different with our first language, requires habit to hear and write English a lot. Students need to be accustomed to using English on everyday activities. In fact, most of students tend to use Javanese or Indonesian to communicate to others. Teachers also get difficulties on motivating students to learn Math and English for the better future. Some students have struggled to learn them, but still, the results are not satisfying.Observing this phenomenon, as the lecturers of English and Math, we are trying to help the teachers on giving material with the different point of views. We introduced different approaches on giving exposure to students about Math and English. English will be taught by employing Podcast, math will be introduced by using Geogebra. It is expected that teachers and students will have another perspectives; we can say that the teachers may have another style of teaching and students will get additional learning styles.


An oscillatory, zero-net-mass flux Jet and Vortex A ctuator (JaVA) was modelled as part of a flat plate and simulated in a boundary layer f low. JaVA is an active flow control device that can be used for flow separation control and th us can delay boundary layer transition. It has been already shown experimentally that JaVA induced flow types in still water include angled and vertical jets, wall jets and vortex flow s and that they highly depend on governing parameters such as the frequency and amplitude of the actuator and the mean position of the actuator plate. In this study, a commercial uns teady, incompressible Navier-Stokes solver (Fluent) has been used to study the flow fie lds generated by JaVA in a water channel. The detailed quantitative information about the performance of JaVA on a flat plate boundary layer is obtained numerically. The results are validated by visualization experiments with the similar CFD set up. The numerical results show vortex like structures emerging from actuator's wide gap with a size that matches the experimentally observed vortex. It has been found that the emerging vortice s move along the flat plate surface usually merging with each other downstream of the boundary layer. In addition to governing JaVA parameters in still water (the jet Reynolds number, the scaled amplitude, the mean position of the actuator), the characteristics of boundary l ayer flow are important for the JaVA performance in channel flow. These include the magnitude of the free stream velocity and the boundary layer profile (e.g. laminar or turbule nt). In this study, we consider an approximation to the Blasius profile (a 4 th -order polynomial profile). To account the free stream velocity, a new dimensionless parameter (r) is introduced which is the ratio of average jet velocity " Vj= 2abf/ ww" to free stream velocity " U�" ( r = V j/ U �). Our numerical results clearly show that JaVA, when mounted in a f lat plate laminar boundary layer, affects boundary layer profile considerably. That is, JaVA induced boundary layer profiles are clearly more resistant to the flow separation. The effects of JaVA with different operation regimes on the various boundary layer flow characteristics such as the displacement thickness, the momentum thickness, the energy thickness and the friction coefficient are reported. This computational study can be utilized to steer the governing parameters effectively for an improved actuator design.


Introduction: Lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) impairment is often in IPAH patients (pts), and it can be profound in some of them. Objectives: To assess the degree of DLCO impairment, its correlates with other parameters, and its prognostic significance in IPAH. Methods: 65 IPAH pts (49 women and 16 men, median age 43 years) were allocated to one of two groups depending on DLCO% pred.value. Pts with DLCO Results: DLCO<55% pred. was found in 18% of pts. In comparison to pts with DLCO≥55% pred. they had:
 more pronounced disturbances in breathing gas distribution: MMEF% pred. 44 vs 76 p=0.008, VA/TLC 0.8 vs 0.88 p=0.01; higher proportion of WHO FC class III and IV: 75% vs 26% p=0.005; shorter 6MWT distance: 284m vs 395m p=0.01, and lower minimal saturation during exercise: 82% vs. 94% p=0,0006. There were no significant differences in hemodynamic profile. Low DLCO was a negative prognostic indicator for survival and carried a 4-fold increase of death risk in 5-year perspective (HR 3.9, 95%CI:1.8-8.6, p= 0.0006). Conclusions: DLCO correlated well with functional but not hemodynamic parameters in IPAH. Low DLCO was associated with worse prognosis.


From the histological viewpoint, antitumor activity of carboplatin (CBDCA) was compared with that of cisplatin (CDDP), which had been studied previously, in the course of preoperative treatment combined with intraarterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy for head and neck cancers.The CBDCA group consisted of 13 previously untreated patients who received both the intraarterial chemotherapy with CBDCA (80mg/m2, on day 1 and 8) and peplomycin (PEP, 5mg/body/day, from day 1 to 5 and day 8 to 12) and 60Co-radiotherapy (2 Gy/day, total to 20 Gy) before surgery. The CDDP group consisted of 14 analogous patients who had received the same therapy except for intraarterial infusion of CDDP (20mg/m2, on days 1 and 8) in spite of CBDCA. The tumors in both groups were resected 7 to 10 days after the preoperative treatments and examined histologically in several portions.Therapeutic effects were judged according to Oboshi's histological classification in the resected materials. The effect of Grade II B or more, which meaned less than 1/4 living tumor cells, was judged as respondent, and that of Grade II A or less was as irrespondent. Nine out of 13 patients (69%) in CBDCA group and 11 out of 14 patients (79%) in CDDP group were judged as respondent. Though the difference of responsibility between the two groups was not statistically significant, it was impressed that CDDP group showed slightly greater response to the chemo-and radio-therapy.It was suggested from the above results that the CBDCA dosage should be increased within a limited dose with no severe adverse effects appearing.


The paper reports the result of operative rreatmenr in a case of total congeniral absence of the tibia. The boy was rreated conservanvely by plaster casrs and appa rative supports umil he was six years old. Then rhe upper end of the fibula was ser inro the interccndylic fossa of rhe femur and rwo momhs larer a talofibular fusio n correc ting the clubfoor deformiry was performed. 32 years afrer rhis procedure rhe leg is now 28 cm shorter. The knee joinr is absolurely srable in extended position and aktive flexion is possible to 45°. The fibula shows a remarcable hypert roph y and has cha nged its form inro a ribia-like hone. The patienr is able to walk 15 km wirbout any pain using a supporting appararus. In con genital absence of rhe tibia or fibula we prefer orthope die - surgical devices which preserve rhe dysp lasnc part of rhe limb insread of primary amputarion


This experiment was carried out to
evaluate the protein degradability in vitro of arboreal
plants from Brazilian semi-arid. The plants tested were
angico (Anadenanthera colubrina), algaroba (Prosopis
juliflora), espinheiro (Acacia glomerosa), juazeiro
(Ziziphus joazeiro) and soybean meal, which had crude
protein values of 22,5 16,0, 22,0, 19,0 and 38,0%,
respectively. Samples (60 mg) were incubated with
McDougal (8 ml) and inoculated ruminal fluid (2 ml).
Aliquots (1 ml) were taking after 0, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48
hours for analysis of ammonia, soluble protein and
microbial protein. Soybean meal and the algaroba
showed larger ammonia production and concentration
of soluble protein compared to the other treatments.
Soybean meal also displayed higher values for microbial
protein. The treatment with angico was the one that
displayed closed values towards soybean in regard to
microbial protein, in spite of showing lesser ammonia
production. The largest value of potential degradability
66,47%, was observed for the treatment with soybean
meal, followed by the algaroba 46,27% and of the angico
45,20. Very low degradability was observed for the
espinheiro and juazeiro, 19,16 e16,63%, respectively.
Among the studied plants the angico and the algaroba
were better sources of protein.


Electromagnetic valves with smart control capability have been developed and demonstrated for use in the cold end of a Collins‐style cryocooler. The toroidal geometry of the valves was developed utilizing a finite‐element code and optimized for maximum opening force with minimum input current. Electromagnetic smart valves carry two primary benefits in cryogenic applications: 1) magnetic actuation eliminates the need for mechanical linkages and 2) valve timing can be modified during system cool down and in regular operation for cycle optimization.The smart feature of these electromagnetic valves resides in controlling the flow of current into the magnetic coil. Electronics have been designed to shape the valve actuation current, limiting the residence time of magnetic energy in the winding. This feature allows control of flow through the expander via an electrical signal while dissipating less than 0.0071 J/cycle as heat into the cold end.The electromagnetic smart valves have demonstrated reliable, control...


In February 2002, more than 30 Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) engaged in humanitarian work from all over Asia gathered in Kobe, Japan with the support of the ASEAN Foundation, the Asia Disaster Reduction Centre (ADRC), and the United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN-OCHA). The NGOs agreed on the need for an Asian network of NGOs for disaster reduction & response in Asia including, in particular, with representation from community-based NGOs. Later that year, the Asian Disaster Reduction and Response Network (ADRRN) was organized.


This paper first summarises analytical equations which govern the dynamic behaviour of elastomechanical structures under base excitation. Special attention is focused on the dynamics at the interface between the vibration table and test structure. The dynamic relations at the interface are explained with particular consideration to the interface forces. An example of an interface forcing function is shown and discussed. A suitable device for force measurements (FMD) is described. It was specifically designed for themeasurement of the six dynamic interface forces and moments between a shaker table and a tested structure. The FMD was recently utilised for base-driven tests on a liquid propellant tank and support structure. The test set-up and the performance of the dynamic tests are described. During the tests the interface forces, the base accelerations, and the structural responses were recorded. Based on the measured data, a modal analysis is performed and results are given as an example. The identification of effective and modal massesfrom the measured interface forces is demonstrated and exemplary results are discussed.


Mediation is generally known as a form of Alternative Dispute Resolution in the civil law, but in the development of mediation in criminal cases can be made known to the Penal Mediation. Penal mediation can be used in some special category of criminal acts. Application of mediation in the settlement of the criminal case does not extend a purpose other than the conflict between the offender and the victim but to help law enforcement agencies in reducing the accumulation of case files. The purpose of this paper is to understand and know about how a mediation mechanism can be used to solve a criminal case in Indonesia. In this study, using descriptive normative method. Normative approach to the legal research using secondary data sources, while the descriptive approach is the method of research that seeks to describe and interpret objects in accordance with what it is.


The objective of this study was to examine the effect of soil depth on the growth of lettuce and chicory in a green roof environment. Three soil depths of 5, 10, and 20 ㎝ were applied to the plants. Seedlings of lettuce and chicory were transplanted to the green roof systems. Soil water content was the highest at 20 ㎝ deep and the lowest at a depth of 5 ㎝. Shoot fresh and dry weight of lettuce was the highest when planted at a depth of 10 ㎝ and the lowest at a depth of 20 ㎝. Shoot fresh and dry weight of chicory was the highest when planted at a depth of 5 ㎝ and the lowest at a depth of 20 ㎝. Dry matter (DM) of lettuce and chicory were the highest when planted at a depth of 20 ㎝ and the lowest at a depth of 5 ㎝. Relative growth rate (RGR) of lettuce was the highest when planted at a depth of 10 ㎝ and the lowest at a depth of 20 ㎝. RGR of chicory was the highest when planted at a depth of 5 ㎝ and the lowest at a depth of 20 ㎝. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of lettuce were not significantly different among the three soil depths, but these were the highest when planted at a depth of 5 ㎝. In these leafy vegetables, the contents of T-N, P and K were not significantly different among the three soil depths. In lettuce leaves, the contents of T-N, Ca and Mg were the highest when planted at a depth of 5 ㎝. In chicory leaves, the contents of T-N and Ca were the highest when planted at a depth of 10 while the content of Mg was the highest at a depth of 5 ㎝. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the depth of planting lettuce and chicory must be over 5 ㎝ for safe load, but a depth of 10 ㎝ is best to reduce water consumption in extensive green roofs.


River health assessment system consists lots of uncertainty and complexity.Five-element connection number is the improvement of the identical,discrepancy and contrary connection number in set pair analysis theory,which can be more thoroughly used for system uncertainty analysis.Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) is applied to determine the weights so that the health degree of river can be calculated from the objective and subjective evaluations.In this paper,the health condition of Yellow River is assessed using the five-element connection number,which can clearly describe the relationship between evaluated object and evaluation criterion.The results showed that the health degree of this river was Sub-health and consistent with the other methods such as system order degree entropy.


It is shown that a simple linear analysis on certain elliptic fixed points can be used to determine when a system will not exhibit a rate constant that is well approximated by RRKM theory. This method is used to locate those regions in parameter space where RRKM theory is expected to be valid.


Due to the material deformation process in drilling are quite complicated, research using finite element simulation on drilling is limited and not widely reported. To investigate drilling process, a coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model of drilling is developed. Several key technologies, such as material constitutive model, material failure law, contact and friction law, have been implemented to improve the accuracy of finite element simulation. Using this finite element model, drilling process of Ti6Al4V alloy is predicted. Comparing the predicted cutting forces with the measured forces shows the finite element model is reasonable. Analyses show that the distributions of Misses stress and temperature during drilling process all increase at first, and get maximal value when drilling is in steady state, then decrease gradually till the hole is drilled through. These results confirm the capability of finite element simulation in predicting drilling process and selecting optimal tool and cutting parameters.


Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks 8th among cancers in women. It is a non-visualizable, non-screenable cancer with late onset of symptoms and diagnosis, which translates into low recurrence-free and overall survival rates. The 5-year survival decreases as the OC stage increases. The World Health Organization has predicted a 47 % increase in the OC incidence by 2040 to approximately 434,000 newly diagnosed cases and an annual 59 % increase in OC mortality (up to 293,000 cases). There are several difficulties in the current clinical, imaging, and intraoperative frozen-section diagnosis of OC. Patients seek medical attention when the disease has reached the advanced stage. However, specific treatment often starts late due to a long time between the first patient-physician contact and the histological verification of the diagnosis. It is vital to know the limitations and complexities of diagnostic tools, overcome them in routine practice, and use an interdisciplinary approach to the evaluation of their findings. Goal: to review the difficulties in making clinical, imaging, and intraoperative frozen-section diagnosis of OC based on Russian and worldwide literature data.Materials and methods: articles focused on the diagnostic modalities for OC that had been published in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and eLIBRARY databases over the past 15 years were reviewed. The review outlines the limitations and difficulties in making clinical, imaging, and intraoperative frozen-section diagnosis of OC based on data from international publications and experience of gynecological oncologists and pathologists of the Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine.


The aim of this study was to assess whether size-rank at the juvenile stage is associated with growth performance and sex ratio in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Juveniles (mean body weight, ) were selected from two age groups, with the high size-rank group (HSRG) fish in the upper 19.3-67.3% of 104 days post-hatching (dph) age group and the low size-rank group (LSRG) fish in the lower 9.0-55.7% of 116 dph age group. Triplicate groups of 100 fish were reared over 32 weeks. A heavier final body weight was observed in the HSRG () compared to the LSRG (, P


Several possible alternatives to the current method of deciding medical negligence claims have ben suggested. Greater openness concerning access to clinical records has been achieved. Assisting defendants with financial arrangements has also been addressed in England and Scotland. Mediation offers a less adversarial approach, but remains to be fully evaluated.


Reported are results of incorporating recent snow avalanche processes into hydrodynamic uniform flow equations, used to model motion of snow avalanches. Actual modifications include the relating of dissipative coefficients of the flow model to slab release depth, the representation of the material as a locking fluid, and the mini-segmentation of the avalanche path at low flow speeds in order to numerically accomodate viscous transition and avalanche cessation of motion. The purpose in looking at different formulations of the uniform flow hydrodynamic flow equations is to reduce the variation in the drag coefficients when the theory is applied to different avalanche paths, as compared to what has been previous experience. The model that reduced parameter variation the most was one in which the total drag force decreased in an intermediate velocity range, a mechanism that has had recent experimental verification.


Affinity of iodinated fibronectin (Fn) and its defined proteolytic fragments to electrophoretically separated polypeptides of normal and malignant cells was studied in an overlay assay. Cellular 125I‐Fn and a major 125I‐Fn fragment (Mr 120,000 ‐ 140,000), containing the cell‐binding site, revealed in fibroblasts Mr 170,000, Mr 140,000, and Mr 47,000 Fn‐binding polypeptides of which the first two could also be found in the plasma membrane preparations. Binding of 125I‐Fns to Mr 170,000 and Mr 140,000 polypeptides was inhibited by the synthetic peptide Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser and to all 3 polypeptides by Fns and Mr 120,000‐140,000 fibronectin fragment. Both fibrosarcoma cells and SV40‐virus‐transformed fibroblasts appeared to lack the Mr 140,000 Fn‐binding polypeptide. Binding was similar when Fn from normal fibroblasts or fibrosarcoma cells was used in the assay, while plasma 125I‐Fn had weaker affinity towards the Mr 140,000 polypeptide. Instead, proteolytic Fn‐fragments, lacking the cell binding site, did not bind to any proteins in the assay. Radioactive cell‐surface labelling showed differences in the corresponding surface polypeptide profiles of normal and malignant cells. The results suggest that the failure of pericellular matrix deposition in malignant cells could be due to either defective surface exposition or defective binding property of the Fn‐receptor‐like polypeptides.


The content of omega-3 in the fish oil capsules have been determined by alkalimetrie titration method. This method has been done in three ways. Firstly, fatty acids were oxidized by KMnO4 using H2SO4 as catalyst. Secondly, propanoic acid as the result of oxidation was separated by distillation. Furthermore, distillated propanoic acid was titrated. Precision, accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of the research were good enough for further development as a routine method for determination of omega-3 content.


This study is related to an Islamic project financing with a major focus on investigating the role of Islamic finance in financing infrastructural development projects (toll roads, power plants, airports, and plants, as well as natural resource exploitation projects, such as hydroelectric dams, mining projects, oil and gas assets, and paper mills), especially in the context of Pakistan. Infrastructural development being a significant indicator of stability and growth, most countries attempt to develop their infrastructure to a competitive level in their respective regions. Considering this critical aspect of economic development, Islamic project financing can be beneficial to developing economies like Pakistan as it would be able to compensate for a lack of domestic infrastructural development. New and innovative financial solutions are required to cater to the needs of infrastructural investment. Islamic project is an area which can open new channels for this purpose and this area is also under-explored. Islamic banks in Pakistan and across the globe need to be involved in huge infrastructural financing.1 However, their growth rate and efficiency is higher than in conventional financing. Focusing on this aspect, this research study is based on a review of project financing in Pakistan. The study portrayed the current scene of project financing in Pakistan, and investigated the involvement and challenges faced by Islamic modes of financing in infrastructural projects in Pakistan. Fourteen in depth interviews were conducted with public and private sector professionals to investigate the issues and prospects. The main challenges faced by Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) are a lack of regulation and investment avenues, and non-coherent standards and practices. However, these IFIs have opportunities with respect to the Islamic market and fund development.


Timing of emergence from the natal nest is a variable trait in the life history of turtles. In theory, hatchling turtles that emerge synchronously, within and among nests, should gain a survival advantage over hatchlings that emerge independently. We examined emergence patterns for seven species of freshwater turtles that use a common nesting area in northern Indiana, USA. Hatchlings of four species emerged from the nest exclusively in late summer or early fall. However, hatchlings of three species usually overwintered in the nest chamber and emerged the following spring. Interspecific and intraspecific emergence from the nest was more synchronous in fall than in spring. Mean date of fall emergence from the nest did not vary among species; however, a species-specific pattern of emergence was observed in spring. Midland Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta marginata Agassiz, 1857) emerged in late March and early April and, on average, these hatchlings left their nests 2 weeks earlier than Northern Map Turtles ...


Recommendations analysis of road safety requires decision-making tools that accommodate weather uncertainties. Operation and maintenance of transport infrastructure have been one of the sub-areas that require attention due to its importance in the quality of the road. Several investigations have proposed artificial neural networks and Bayesian networks to assess the risk of the road. These methods make use of historic accident records to generate useful road safety metrics; however, there is less information on how climatic factors and road surface conditions affect the models that generate recommendations for safe traffic. In this research, Bayesian Network, as a Hidden Markov Models, and Apriori method are proposed to evaluate the open and closed state of the road. The weather and road surface conditions are explicitly written as a sequence of latent variables from observed data. Different weather variables were studied in order to evaluate both road states (open or close) and the results showed that the Hidden Markov Model provides explicit insight into the sequential nature of the road safety conditions but does not provide a directly interpretable result for human decision making. In this way, we complement the study with the Apriori algorithm using categorical variables. The experimental results show that combining the Hidden Markov Model and the Apriori algorithm provides an interpretable rule for decision making in recommendations of road safety to decide an opening or closing of the road in extreme weather conditions with a confidence higher than 90% .


There is no self-evident method in analyzing the development of Young. In my 15 years as an editor of the journal, my understanding of it was formed in practice— the everyday practice of editing articles and deciding whether we should encourage certain people to submit manuscripts and the more strategic practice of writing editorials and otherwise designing the profile. During this time, we the editors came back to such practical–strategic matters again and again and now six years after I left the editorial board, a new round of contemplations and attempts to generalize and analyze take the form of grounded theory approach, where theoretical perspectives are evoked from the back of my head. Theories of scientific development do not 'click' but rather theories of youth development and of cultural fields and I will start my account of Young's first twenty years from the perspective of a youth development theory classic, Erik Erikson's theory of the development of identity (and crises). The concept of identity is of course used as a metaphor here, as Young is not a living human being, but this metaphor is consciously chosen because the journal has been quite an organic entity formed by a very collective editorial board and a dynamic community. The journal's title hinted 'at a hidden parallel between the age of those studied and the youthfulness of the journal, as well as of the youth research field itself' (Fornäs, in this issue). The development of the journal can be seen, as in Erikson's concept of identity development, as a process with tensions at certain phases and solutions that to some extent capture both sides of the tension—akin to the dialectical conceptual triad of thesis–antithesis–synthesis. Erikson's model can be seen as an idealistic model of evolution, but also as one of socialization and adaptation.


Intending a dog-type service robot in future, we develop a self-contained quadruped robot named "Tekken3&4." We newly equip robots with a laser range sensor and a CCD camera for navigation and demonstration. We try to improve the mechanical reliability of robots for 11 days exhibition at Aichi expo. In this paper, we describe the mechanical design concepts of Tekken3&4, and the navigation system for walking along the wall in the artificial garden at the exhibition.


Abstract In two trials, a total of 198 broiler carcasses (99 per trial) were chilled in either water or brine solutions using selected combinations of 2.5, 5.0, or 7.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) for 45 min using a three-step temperature reduction [21 C (prechill), 13 C, and 1 C; 15 min each]. Water/brine retention after chilling was determined for all carcasses. Cooked Pectoralis superficialis muscles were analyzed for shear force, moisture, and NaCl content. Brine treatments were tested for differences in tenderness by panelists utilizing a duo-trio difference test and were compared to controls with a paired comparison consumer preference test. There were no significant differences (P>.05) in water/brine retention between brine treatments or between brine treatments and the controls. Meat from controls had significantly greater shear force values and less percent moisture and NaCl content than that of brine-chilled carcasses. Brine chilling treatments did not differ significantly from each other with respect to percent moisture, NaCl content, and tenderness, as determined by sensory and shear force evaluation. Brine-chilled samples were preferred by consumer panelists (81%) over water chilled samples.


Recent studies in selected human tumors have demonstrated reduced expression of HRK with hypermethylation. Because no similar study has been performed specifically in prostatic lesions, we examined whether the methylation status of HRK is altered in prostate cancers.


This purpose of this study is to investigate effects of sense of community, satisfaction about early childhood educational institution, and cultural disposition of parents on the partnership with teachers in the COVID-19 situation. To do this, data were collected from 330 early childhood parents using scales for checking four factors and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are follows. First, parents tended to perceive four factors at a higher level than normal. Second, the partnership with teachers showed a significant positive correlation with factors of sense of community of early childhood educational institution, early childhood educational institution satisfaction and cultural disposition. And, there was a significant positive correlation between the factors of sense of community of early childhood educational institution, early childhood educational institution satisfaction and cultural disposition. Third, parents' sense of community of early childhood educational institution, early childhood educational institution satisfaction and cultural disposition were a influencing variable to the teacher-parent cooperation.
Particularly, it was found that the sub-factors for satisfaction about teachers had the greatest influence among the factors for early childhood educational institution satisfaction. The findings of this study imply that diverse on-off line education and counseling in improving sense of community, satisfaction of early childhood educational institution of parents reflecting their cultural disposition in order to increase parent-teacher partnerships in the COVID-19 situation.


Some results on the existence of solution for certain fuzzy equations are revised and extended. In this paper, we establish the existence of a solution for the fuzzy equation , where , , , and are positive fuzzy numbers satisfying certain conditions. To this purpose, we use fixed point theory, applying results such as the well-known fixed point theorem of Tarski, presenting some results regarding the existence of extremal solutions to the above equation.


A framework has been developed to assess the structure, function, and evolution of a regional industrial ecosystem that integrates insights from industrial ecology and economic geography dimensions with complex systems theory. The framework highlights the multilayered landscape of natural ecosystem functions, economic transactions, policy contexts, and social interactions in which interfirm collaboration evolves. Its application to a single case study on the island of Puerto Rico revealed changes in the system's institutional context, its resource flows, and the composition of its industrial community. It illustrated that external forces and interactions among actors at multiple levels can cause permanent changes—but not necessarily system collapse—as policy choices and interfirm cooperation can be used to organize resources in ways that retain system functionality.


Empire's most powerful apparatus is the education system. It initiates us into a culture and knowledge system that instructs us to want to be of a specific ethnoclass of humanity. . . . The tragedy of this is that whilst this particular idea of being optimally human holds us together, as Americans, it can do so only in terms of the "us" and "the not us." . . . it is a version of reality in which the American White middle class, or the "Cosby-Huxtable" variants of this, as I wrote in my open letter after the 1992 Los Angeles uprisings, is represented, or rather overrepresented, as the reference point for what a human is supposed to be. . . . We cannot give up writing stories about what it means to be human that displace those that are at the foundation of Empire. There is no order in the world that can exist or hold together, including an empire, without a founding story. Now the question for academia in the twenty-first century is, will you make space within it to be able to write a new foundation? —Sylvia Wynter


This study aims at exploring the effects of brand positioning on consumer perception within the framework of the intellectual property concept by means of an applied analysis. This research has been extended through a literature review in terms of intellectual property. The research includes 100 participants. In the study, 5 point likert analysis and the survey on the demographical characteristics of the participants have been applied. They have been prepared by using previously applied two surveys whose reliability was proved. The first section of the survey consists of 19 questions on demographical characteristics, and the second part consists of the questions on the consumers' preferences concerning brand positioning. The population of the study is composed of two groups. The sample is composed of the customers of two organizations. Application includes operation which registered its two brands and have been operating in food and cafe sectors since 2010. The characteristics of these operations have been summarised in the application. The research lasted about two months. Data collected at the end of the study have been analysed by using the computer program SSPC (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 19. In this study, the reliability of Cronbach's Alpha is 0. 933, which is highly reliable. In the study, anova, one way analysis of variance, tukey test and ttest have been applied. At the end of the study it has been observed that the brand value has a profound effect on consumer perception.


A method is described for demonstration of guanylate kinase isoenzymes. In the human organism there are seven different isoenzymes, and there are distinct differences in component pattern among the va


We propose a novel semi-centralized framework for Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks with non-orthogonal multiple access to maximize the energy efficiency (EE) of two types of clients, namely grant-based (GB) and grant-free (GF). We use a proximal policy optimization algorithm to maximize the EE of GB clients and a multi-agent deep Q-network to optimize resource allocation for GF clients aided by a gateway node. The proposed algorithm combines the advantages of fully centralized and fully distributed frameworks to compensate for their shortcomings (complexity and long learning time). The numerical results show that the proposed algorithm enhances the EE of GB clients by 6% and 11.5%, respectively, compared with the fixed power allocation and random power allocation strategies. Moreover, the results demonstrate a 47.4% increase in the EE of GF clients over the benchmark scheme. Additionally, we show that the increase in the number of GB clients has a significant impact on the EE of GB and GF clients.


To solve the optimal parameters selection problem of fuzzy-PID controller of vehicle active suspension,genetic algorithm and its global optimization ability and parallel capacity were used to optimize the quantification factors and the correction coefficients of PID parameters. The smoothness and tire grounding were taken as the comprehensive evaluation indexes,the objective function including the body vertical acceleration,the suspension dynamic displacement and the tire dynamic load was established,and genetic algorithm was employed for the controller parameter optimization. Further the parameters of Ford Granada were selected to complete the control simulation. The simulation results show that the actively controlled chassis using the fuzzy-PID controller optimized by the genetic algo-rithm can have much performance improvement compared to that using fuzzy-PID without optimization and the corresponding passive one.


The present paper examined the relationship between spiritual well-being and strain among caregivers of persons living with dementia. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 182 family caregivers of persons with dementia. The Spiritual Health and Life Orientation Measure (SHALOM) and Caregivers' Strain Index (CSI) were used to assess family caregivers' spiritual well-being and strain. The analysis indicated that the scores of caregivers' strain ranged from 1 to 13 with a mean of 6.36 and SD of 2.89. The mean score of Ideal spiritual well-being of caregivers were found to be 88.19 with SD of 7.76 and ranged from 63 to 100. The score for Lived Spiritual Well-being was ranged from 24 to 93 with mean score of 66.75 and SD of 14.38. Also, Pearson Product Moment Correlation results showed negative correlation between spiritual well-being and caregivers' strain (r = .567, p < .01). The study suggests that caregivers of persons with dementia would benefit from culturally relevant and spirituality based interventions to enhance their SWB for helping them to cope with care giving strain so that caregivers can admire the positive experiences in caring for a demented relative.


Using a Q-switched CO2 laser pulse induced dynamic grating technique, the basic mechanisms for the optical nonlinearities of nematic and isotropic liquid crystals in the infrared (10.6 micrometers ) region are reexamined. The principle mechanisms are the density and temperature effects, which are characterized by relaxation times in the nano- and micro-second time scales, respectively. Optical self-limiting effects and optical switching using isotropic liquid crystals are also demonstrated for visible nanosecond (Q-switch Nd:YAG at 0.53 micrometers ) and for infrared microsecond laser pulses, respectively.


INAUGURAL ARTICLE, CELL BIOLOGY Correction for ''Inaugural Article: Apoptosis is triggered when prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins cannot restrain Bax,'' by Jamie I. Fletcher, Sarina Meusburger, Christine J. Hawkins, David T. Riglar, Erinna F. Lee, W. Douglas Fairlie, David C. S. Huang, and Jerry M. Adams, which appeared in issue 47, November 25, 2008, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (105: 18081–18087; first published November 3, 2008; 10.1073 pnas.0808691105). The authors wish to add the following to the legend for Fig. 5B: ''The vector and wt Bax control plots are identical to those shown in Fig. 2B because both the Bax D68R and Bax S184L mutants were run simultaneously with these controls in the same experiments.'' This omission does not affect the conclusions of the article. The figure and its corrected legend appear below.


Access the most recent version at doi: published online Mar 17, 2008; Genome Res. Alan D Attie Robert Kleinhanz, Scott Turner, Marc K Hellerstein, Eric E Schadt, Brian S Yandell, Christina Kendziorski and Stapleton, Carmen Argmann, Kathryn L Schueler, Seve Edwards, H Adam Steinberg, Elias Chaibub Neto, Mark P Keller, YounJeong Choi, Ping Wang, Dawn Belt Davis, Mary E Rabaglia, Angie T Oler, Donald S Cycle Regulation in Islets with Diabetes Susceptibility A Gene Expression Network Model of Type 2 Diabetes Links Cell


he paper report the synthesis and strcture charactritic of waters-soluble aCrylic resins which have the better properties of dyeing and retanning for leather. Theresults of the spectums show that the cationic groups were linked to themacromoleculer chain and the  ̄ reSins have had the 'observable amphotericcharacteristic.


The invention in its preferred embodiment involves a data producer such as a host processor that multiplexes two or more data byte streams onto a single communication link, whether serial or parallel, for transmission to a data consumer such as an ink-jet or laser printer, scanner or facsimile machine. The data are packetized with header information including a start byte, a destination channel ID byte and size byte. At the data consumer, the data under control of a state machine are header-stripped, unpacked, routed and stored in appropriate two or more ring buffers. Exception handling such as data loss or framing error recovery may be performed by the data consumer's communicating its status to the data producer or by the use of handshake lines such as READY or BUSY, rendering the invented method and apparatus compatible with unidirectional or bidirectional hardware links. The data consumer hardware, including the multiplexer, or selector, the state machine and various registers for holding channel information and byte count, operates relatively independently of the device's firmware-based controller so that there is very little software or firmware overhead during data reception.


Cesium vapor microcells incorporating a Cs dispenser were fabricated. An organosilane monolayer was successfully applied to the microcell walls as an anti-relaxation coating to improve the relaxation time of Cs atoms.


The viability of obtaining aluminium coagulant from the solid vinyl chloride production waste (spent catalyst) was studied. The new coagulant Al6(OH)13Cl5 was established to be effective for clarifying water with high levels of suspended substances. The consumption of the new coagulant is significantly lower than that of conventional aluminium sulphate. The application of the new coagulant, aluminium chlorohydrate, makes it possible to enhance the properties of the purified water, in particular, its hardness. The method for obtaining the new coagulant and its use for water conditioning and purification was proved viable. The process flow sheet diagram for the coagulant production was suggested


Aiming at the problem that the traditional teaching model ignores students' individuality and otherness,limits students' activeness and willingness,dynamic hierarchical asynchronous teaching method is researched and practiced. Dynamic hierarchical teaching is realized in this investigative teaching method,following the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Asynchronous teaching structure is constructed,and learning autonomy of students is realized. Practices show that the innovation abilities of the students can be improved through the teaching mode.


The Arctic is experiencing dramatic environmental transformation due to rising temperatures and melting ice, which are affecting its environment, wildlife, and human communities. Remote sensing technologies (e.g. satellites) are increasingly being used to understand environmental change in the remote and understudied Arctic Ocean across broad spatial and temporal scales, generating vast data sets that require interactive visualization to be dynamically explored. We present a prototype visualization that uses aggregation means on different zoom levels to allow exploring a 200GB data set on sunlight in the Arctic Ocean, which consists of monthly time series of coastal pixels, photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), light attenuation coefficient (KPAR), and PAR estimated at the seafloor (PARBOTTOM) from 1998 to 2018. Our main example—the analysis of trends in sunlight radiation levels along the west coast of Greenland—exemplifies our tool's value for marine biologists to getting a concise and interactive overview of sunlight radiation levels, which allows studying potential impacts on the Arctic ecosystem.


Wherein the article is in the form of an insert article which is worn by a wearer in conjunction with an undergarment having a flexible substrate and a astringentes agent or a source thereof, wherein the substrate has a body side surface and an outside surface, the facing body side surface of the skin of the wearer when the article is worn, wherein the astringent agent or source is arranged for this purpose on the substrate such that when the insert is wetted with urine, the astringente means contacts the skin.


The present invention is a process for the production of low grade phosphate rock using calcium hydrogen phosphate, which is the main technical characteristics is that for acid hydrolysis with phosphate intermediate product in the production process of phosphoric acid, calcium dihydrogen phosphate The product of the reaction of acid hydrolysis and the suspension was directly reacted with milk of lime to produce calcium phosphate oxygen, and timely removal of impurities and sludge. The present invention has a high utilization of phosphorus, sulfuric acid, lime milk and low energy consumption, long service life of production equipment, the production of investment and low cost. The inventive process may also be used for the production of phosphoric acid.


With the gradual progress of the market, The occupation rate of market may still glide if you have no appropriate channel strategy and good brand strategy. Even there are superior products, strong marketing propagating and good price. So manufacturer must by setting appropriate brand strategy and evaluating with what type of channel to entry the market and matching the proper channel strategy to improve the performance of channel. Science and technology change with each passing day, the demands for the computer grow with each day. The present stage bore system still sounding out the stage of the market no matter on the price and technology. If choose not to chase price war blindly , manufacturers, in order to reach higher selling level, seller must draft the best brand strategy and channel strategy. To Sum up, this research is expected to provide some suggestions for improving relation between brand and channel. Core system computer of Taiwan is regarded as the research object. With the investigation method of the questionnaires and LISREL, we want to know the channel performance under different brand strategy by passing different channel strategy and brand equity. Main empirical findings are summarized as follows: 1.Brand strategy have effect on channel strategy and brand equity. 2.Channel strategy and brand equity have effect on channel performance. To Sum up, this research is expected to provide some suggestions to Bare System industry for improving brand strategy and channel strategy.


Annular transition in a rod bundle is interesting because small gaps exist between rods in the flow area. This is a very important phenomenon in a boiloff accident of a nuclear reactor core. This paper reports, as a first attempt, the effect of small gaps in the flow area was studied by using vertical rectangular ducts with different narrow gaps (2 x 100, 5 x 100, 10 x 100 mm). Based on the experimental results, the transition void fraction was defined and a transition model is proposed. The model gives a good prediction for a wide range of previous experiments including the data taken in channels with small gaps.


Electron spin resonance (ESR) of electrochemically doped polypyrrole with various concentrations (c) of calf-thymus DNA is reported here. The concentration and thermal dependence of the ESR linewidth (ΔH) clearly depicted a quasi-metallic to metallic transition at a critical doping concentration (c0) of DNA. The thermal and concentration dependences of various ESR parameters are interpreted by considering the possible spin dynamics of carriers and the conformational change in the polypyrrole structure induced by DNA chains.


Energy correlators measured inside high-energy jets at hadron colliders have recently been demonstrated to provide a new window into both perturbative and non-perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics. A number of the most interesting features of these correlators, namely their universal scaling behavior and the ability to image the confinement transition, require precise angular resolution, necessitating the use of tracking information in experimental measurements. Theoretically, tracking information can be incorporated into the energy correlators using track functions, which are non-perturbative functions describing the fragmentation of quarks and gluons into charged hadrons. In this paper, we apply our recently developed track function formalism to energy correlators, and study in detail the interplay of track functions with perturbative resummation and non-perturbative power corrections. We provide resummed results for the energy correlators at collinear next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy and compare with parton shower Monte Carlo simulations. For the two-point correlator the use of tracking has a minimal effect throughout the entire distribution, but it has a significant effect for higher point correlators. Our results are crucial for the theoretical interpretation of recent experimental measurements of the energy-energy correlators.


A dynamic simulation model for soil plant system was developed. The model consists of two sub models: biomass formation sub model and nitrogen uptake sub model. Two sub models are coupled to describe dry matter transformation and formation in soil plant system. Comparing the simulated results with the experimental data, including dry matter amount, leaf area index and nitrogen accumulated in shoot part in winter wheat shows that the simulation model is satisfactory.


The study by Fletcher et al 1 sought to determine whether the reported racial differences in prostate cancer survival vary geographically within the United States. Using 17 geographic registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2007 to 2014, they reported that blackmenhadahigherriskofmortalityoverall,andinthestratifiedanalysis,thisfindingwasgreatest amongmenwithGleasongradegroup1disease(definedasGleasonscore<6)intheAtlanta,Georgia; Greater Georgia; Louisiana; and New Jersey SEER registries. The racial disparity in survival among men diagnosed with Gleason grade groups 2 through 5 (defined as Gleason score 7-10) was of lower magnitude but still statistically significant in these same SEER registries. To place this study's findings in context, I reviewed what is known or understood about nonbiological causes of racial disparity in prostate cancer mortality. Within the US, prostate cancer is consistently the most common noncutaneous cancer in men, accounting for 20% of cancers in men, and the second most common cause of cancer deaths in men, accounting for approximately 10% of cancer deaths in men. 2 Compared with white men, black men consistently have a higher prostate cancer incidence, with approximately 31% of cancers among black men being prostate cancers, and mortality, with prostate cancer accounting for approximately 12% of the cancer deaths in black men. 2 Similarly, black men have higher lifetime probability of developing prostate cancer than white men (1 in 6 vs 1 in 8) and of dying of prostate cancer (1 in 23 vs 1 in 42). Additionally, compared with white men, black men are less likely to receive definitive treatment (especially for high-risk disease), and when they do receive definitive treatment, black men are less likely to receive a radical prostatectomy. 3,4 To add to this, when black men receive a radical prostatectomy, they are less likely than white men to receive a pelvic lymph node dissection, particularly when diagnosed with high-risk disease. 5,6 It could be


The LHC requires very precise matching of transfer line and LHC optics to minimise emittance blow-up and tail repopulation at injection. The recent addition of a comprehensive transfer line collimation system to improve the protection against beam loss has created additional matching constraints and consumed a significant part of the flexibility contained in the initial optics design of the transfer lines. Optical errors, different injection configurations and possible future optics changes require however to preserve a certain tuning range. Here we present methods of tuning optics parameters at the injection point by using orbit correctors in the main ring, with the emphasis on dispersion matching. The benefit of alternative measures to enhance the flexibility is briefly discussed.


The performance of hydrogen dissociators used in atomic clocks is known to degrade after prolonged operation, requiring large increases in rf power to maintain a constant output of atomic hydrogen. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) has been used to characterize the inner surfaces of Pyrex dissociator envelopes. Prolonged operation of the dissociators leads to buildup of a dark film incorporating large quantities of carbon in its amorphous and carbide forms and smaller amounts of nitrogen. Possible mechanisms by which the film could interfere with the operation of the dissociator are given which involve its electrical conductivity and its role as a catalyst in the recombination of atomic hydrogen.


The utility model discloses an improved heat pipe structure, comprising a metal pipe body, and a pipe wall and a pipe hole which are defined along the central axis. An interval shallow groove is arranged on the inner face along the pipe wall of the metal pipe body, and the height between the groove peak and the groove valley is below 0.15 mm; a capillary organization the periphery of which bunts against the inner face of the pipe wall of the metal pipe body is organized and arranged in the pipe hole of the pipe body; the position of the capillary organization which bunts against the inner face of the pipe wall of the metal pipe body is combined as integration by a sintering means to form a sintered part; the periphery of the capillary organization, the sintered part and the shallow groove surround and define a groove gap space; the innovation structure can make the auxiliary thermolytic structure of the heat pipe have the advantages of simple preparing process, firm combination, and good heat conduction effect.


Patients with hematological malignancy are forced to be isolated in a protective environment for a long time after a hematopoietic stem-cell transplant. We propose a wellness system, which helps patients reduce negative emotions and motivates them to continue early stage rehabilitation.


The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) 3 1973. It by the Parliament of in 1991 and published in 1992. The study presents characteristics of the systematic structure and ecological and biological characteristics of Bulgarian flora plants, included in Appendix II of the Convention. According to the Convention, 77 species belonging to 29 genera and 4 families of Bulgarian flora are protected. The intraspecific diversity includes 18 subspecies, varieties and two forms. The plants are classified according to biological types, life form and floristic elements following Walter. Also, information on the distribution of these species in Bulgaria and their ecological groups are presented. The conservation importance of the species is analyzed in the national and international context. Full systematic list of the species of Bulgarian flora, protected by Appendix II of the CITES is presented.


A mathematical model is developed to analyze vane row indexing for passive e ow-induced vibration control. A compressible e at-plate cascade analysis is extended to account for the induced velocities due to the potential e elds of adjacent blade rows. Then, this model is applied to a baseline stator ‐rotor‐stator cone guration with the effects of Mach number, steady vane loading, and axial spacing investigated. For the particular geometry analyzed, the minimum unsteady lift and maximum unsteady moment responses occur near the unindexed position of the stator vane rows; simply decreasing the axial spacing markedly affects the rotor-blade unsteady aerodynamic response. However, by indexing the stator vanes, signie cant reductions in the unsteady lift and moment are achieved at the close spacings. At the closest spacing, near complete cancellation of the unsteady lift is possible at low Mach numbers. At high Mach numbers, there are optimum combinations of upstream and downstream rotor ‐stator axial spacings, which can result in complete cancellation of the unsteady lift, with signie cant reductions in the unsteady lift possible even for a moderate axial spacing of 30% chord.


Shadows add great amount of realism to a scene and many algorithms exists to generate shadows. Recently, Shadow volumes (SVs) have made great achievements to place a valuable position in the gaming industries. Looking at this, we concentrate on simple but valuable initial partial steps for further optimization in SV generation, i.e.; model simplification and silhouette edge detection and tracking. Shadow volumes (SVs) usually takes time in generating boundary silhouettes of the object and if the object is complex then the generation of edges become much harder and slower in process. The challenge gets stiffer when real time shadow generation and rendering is demanded. We investigated a way to use the real time silhouette edge detection method, which takes the advantage of spatial and temporal coherence, and exploit the level-of-details (LOD) technique for reducing silhouette edges of the model to use the simplified version of the model for shadow generation speeding up the running time. These steps highly reduce the execution time of shadow volume generations in real-time and are easily flexible to any of the recently proposed SV techniques. Our main focus is to exploit the LOD and silhouette edge detection technique, adopting them to further enhance the shadow volume generations for real time rendering. Keywords—LOD, perception, Shadow Volumes, Silhouette Edge, Spatial and Temporal coherence.