This research analyzes the determinants of financial performance for Islamic insurance companies in Jordan during 2008 – 2015, by analyzing the impact of external and internal business environment. The internal business environment is measured by return on assets, Islamic insurance companies' size, equity ratio, and debt ratio. On the other hand, the external business environment is measured by Gross Domestic Product growth rate, inflation rate, and unemployment rate in Jordan. Also, the dependent variable is measured by return on equity for Islamic insurance companies in Jordan. The results of this research are there are positive and significant impacts for return on assets and companies' size on the financial performance of Islamic insurance companies at (0.001) significant level. In addition, there are positive not significant impacts of debt ratio and inflation rate on the financial performance. Moreover, there are negative not significant impacts of equity ratio, gross domestic product, and unemployment rate on the financial performance for Jordanian Islamic insurance companies. So, the researchers recommend that Islamic insurance companies are advised to enhance the quality of their assets and improve return on assets to accomplish high levels of financial performance. Keywords: Islamic insurance, financial performance, business environment, internal and external variables, and Jordan.


Žižek insisted on the 'temporal gap between the production of value and its actualization' (Žižek, 2009b [2006], p. 52): 'the temporality here is that of the futur anterieur: value "is" not immediately, it only "will have been," it is retroactively actualized, performatively enacted' (ibid.). In August 2007, BNP Paribas was caught in this gap when it acknowledged that it did not know what many of its assets were worth. The acknowledgement started a chain of events that led to the public takeover of British bank Northern Rock, the collapse of Lehman Brothers, and the public bail-out of 'the world's largest insurer' (Marks, 2013), AIG. The result was fiscal and monetary crisis in the US, UK, and Europe, as well as widespread unemployment and losses in household wealth.


Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of the screen as a special socio-cultural phenomenon that produces simulacra and fakes in modern culture. The peculiarity lies in the fact that continuous reproduction of screen technologies is supported through simulations. At the same time, screen technologies are defined as the leading factor of modern socio-cultural changes affecting the consciousness and behavior of the subject of culture – a person. His dependence on the screen is being formed, and today we can talk about the emergence of a philosophical and anthropological type of "screen man".
Methodology. To consider the problem, the author turns to the socio-philosophical and anthropological analysis of the role of the screen in modern culture. The article uses comparative analysis, historical-philosophical and anthropological methods.
Results. The results of the study are that the author explicates the essence of Hobbes' maxim that man can fully know only what he himself can do. As such an artifact in the philosophy of T. Hobbes is the body, and the social-political body, established by the man himself. The author supposes that the modern European project "social physics" can be considered a prototype of active theoretical-epistemic model describing social reality.
Practical implications. This allows, from the author's point of view, to consider the role of the screen and the digital effects produced by it in modern culture, as well as to develop an integrative approach to understanding screen culture as a whole.


Mathematics is one of the subjects studied from basic education to tertiary institutions. Mathematics has an important role to equip students with the ability to think logically, analytically, systematically, critically and creatively, and the ability to work together.
This research uses cooperative learning model type STAD which is a classroom action research. This research is based on the fact in the field that there are still many elementary school (SD) students who experience difficulties in adding the unequal denominated ordinary fractions. To overcome this, actions were taken using the STAD cooperative learning model.
The purpose of this study was to improve the mathematics learning outcomes of grade V SD students with the STAD cooperative learning model. Data collection was carried out by means of tests, questionnaires, observations and observation sheets and other instruments that support research.
Based on the results of the study, it was found that the STAD type of cooperative learning model can improve mathematics learning outcomes for learning the addition of ordinary fractions with the not the same name at SDN 25 Muaro Takung Kec, Kamang Baru.
STAD type cooperative learning is carried out in 6 steps: "(1) preparation of learning, (2) presentation of material, (3) group learning activities, (4) tests, (5) calculation of individual improvement scores, (6) group awards"
To determine the increase in mathematics learning outcomes in verbal form, the data is related to student activities and teacher activities, as well as the achievement of student learning outcomes.
STAD type cooperative learning needs to be used as a guide in learning activities. STAD type cooperative learning can not only be applied to certain materials in mathematics learning, but to all materials in mathematics learning.


Recently, AI has penetrated various fields in industrial settings. For example, the display industry is also actively researching AI applications, and the most advanced field is using inspection data. A measurement sensor from a processing facility or data from an inspection facility is used to detect defects at the display manufacturing site. However, in the case of raw material defects, the effects of minor defects can accumulate and cause abnormalities in subsequent processes, which are very difficult to detect. In this case, the accumulated data is analyzed, but there is no exact standard, and there is a limit to subjective judgment by the inspector. To solve this issue, we applied DBSCAN clustering, clustering the X and Y axes individually, coordinates with binning, and normalization as the preprocessing method to maximize the discriminative power of the defect. Moreover, for the final defect detection, an AI structure that detects defects was completed using a structure that combines DBSCAN and Isolation Forest. We minimized detection errors by using the clustering function of DBSCAN as a noise removal effect. As a result, it was possible to develop and mass‐produce ML with an F1 score of 0.998 for defect detection, which was difficult to automate in the past. AI performed this comparison, objectifying the existing engineer's resource‐based work and shortening the progress time.


The leakage magnetic field and equivalent circuit model of OLTC double-winding power transformer has been established by electromagnetic field Finite Element analysis software. The method of field-circuit coupled method has been used to calculate its magnetic field leakage, the short circuit impedance obtained by the calculation of formula and compared with the experimental data. At the same time, based on the calculation method for the Visual Basic language as a tool for MAGNET software for secondary development, obtain the software to calculate the short-circuit impedance of power transformer simulation software, and is verified by using the typical products, proves the validity of this software.


While the macroscopic fluctuation theory is a renormalized theory in the hydrodynamic limit based on a space-time local Lagrangian that is Gaussian with respect to the empirical current, Maes et al (2008 Markov Proc. Relat. Fields. 14 445) have derived a microscopic fluctuation theory for independent Markov jump processes based on a space-time local Lagrangian that is Poissonian with respect to the empirical flow, in direct relation with the general theory of large deviations at 'Level 2.5' for Markovian processes. Here we describe how this approach can be generalized to the presence of interactions, that can be either zero-range or involve neighbors, either for closed systems or for open systems with reservoirs.


The possibilities and limitations of the ground penetrating radar in quarries and mines are illustrated, using several examples. First, the radar was tested in limestone quarries and in a salt mine to detect karsts (in limestone) and fractures (in both media). In the limestone quarry, the medium velocity could be estimated using a common-mid-plot acquisition. Second, an inversion method based on the frequency content of the radar reflection was developed to characterise the fracture properties (filling material and opening). It was first tested on experiments using limestone blocks with controlled fracture properties. The radar signal analysis showed that both the opening and the filling material could be estimated, if the openings are not too small compared to the wavelength. The inversion method was then applied to in-situ data registered in a salt mine to estimate the opening of open fractures present in the roof of the drifts. Boreholes were available to compare the estimated opening with the real opening. Most of the results were satisfactory, although some poor results were also obtained. It can be explained by geological factors or it can also be due to the method itself.


In this study, the PET/Nylon woven fabrics first treated with infrared radiation and microwave, then dipped isocyanate solution. The surface of the fabric had treated by physical and chemical processing. Adhesion strength between fabric and fabric up rise to 37.4%, and treated by microwave up rise to while adhesion strength between fabric and rubber by up to 52.2%.


Actinomyces CXX-10 is capable of 25-hydroxylating of vitamin D 3 . The effect of surfactant such as Tween-80,Triton-100,glycerin,sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide(CTAB) cooperate with β-cyclodextrin on productivity of 25 -(OH)D 3 was analysised in this paper. And then optimization of condition of most suitable combination of surfactant and β-cyclodextrin were promoted. The optimal conditions were as follows:0.04% Tween-80 and 0.5% β-cyclodextrin and V D 3 were added after 3d of culture,and other culture condition were 28℃,180r/min,7d.


Case Report Fallopian tube prolapse through the vaginal vault is a complication seen in few cases of hysterectomies where, the adnexa is preserved. The overall occurrence of fallopian tube prolapse through vaginal vault after hysterectomy is 0.01-0.05% regardless of the route [1].The only means of definitive diagnosis is the histopathological examination. Fallopian tube prolapse can be prevented by prophylactic salpingectomy or by suturing the adnexa high up in the pelvis in abdominal hysterectomy. This condition can be confused with vault granulation tissue and serious condition like carcinoma in vaginal vault. Here, we present a case of 60yrs old lady with fimbrial prolapse through the vault.


Abstract Background Establishing antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) in community hospitals with limited resources can be challenging. Many hospitals do not have infectious disease (ID) trained pharmacists (PharmD) available. We implemented a comprehensive ASP with syndrome-based prospective audit and feedback at an urban community hospital. Methods ASP was implemented at a 151-bed urban community hospital in October 2017. PharmD training on syndrome-based treatment guidelines, including definitions, severity, empiric regimens, de-escalation, and duration was created. Prospective audit by PharmDs was established. This program was implemented and overseen by an ID physician. Days of therapy per 1,000 patient-days (DOT/1,000) was assessed 3 months before and after ASP. Prospective audit and feedback data were reviewed. Results At 3 months, antimicrobial use decreased (370 vs. 350 DOT/1,000) while the proportion of oral antimicrobials used increased (32% vs. 43%). Antibiotic expenditures decreased by 11% ($42,500 vs. $37,900). Most cases reviewed by prospective audit (58%) fit pre-determined syndromes (Figure 1). Soft tissue and urinary tract infections were the most common syndromes. Interventions occurred in 53% of cases. De-escalation from broad-spectrum agents was more successful in noncritical care settings (Figure 2).Figure 1. ASP syndrome-based prospective audit and feedback.Figure 2. Antimicrobial use in medical surgical units after implementation of ASP. Conclusion Syndrome-based prospective audit and feedback was successfully implemented in an urban community hospital with non-ID trained PharmDs using ID physician leadership. Our program led to a decrease in antibiotic use, increase use of oral alternatives, and decreased antibiotic expenditures. Empiric use of broad-spectrum agents was common at our facility. ASP likely contributed to an increase in ceftriaxone and decrease in piperacillin–tazobactam use in medical-surgical floors. Stewardship in critically ill patients remains a challenge. Clear guidelines and access to an ID physician are necessary to provide adequate support for PharmDs without ID-specific training and can help curb antibiotic use. Expanding the list of syndromes may further impact antimicrobial use. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


The theory of gray clustering was adopted to construct the system of index.Each clustering index was whitened and quantified according to the partition of condition of each index and the weight was given in the light of the significance of each clustering index.The condition of engine was distinguished by the light of the significance of each clustering index.And the result is identical with the experiment.The research indicates that the method is objective,fitting for the condition assessment of the hybrid vehicle's engine,which has certain guiding significance to the engine repair program.


Discloses a process for the preparation of charged linkers with a sulfonic acid moiety. The program further optionally include the resulting product is substantially converted to the salt form of a single method.


Under the backdrop of the excellent macroscopic situation of tourism industry,there appears increasingly low profit in microscopic stratum.Especially in 1998,the hospitality industry suffered an overall loss.A number of studies indicate that the most principal element results from the lack of free flow of productive elements and irrationality of the system of industrial power.The paper emphasizes on the problems concerning the utilization of capital market to collect funds for tourism items,the upgrading of industrial structure and the establishment of modern enterprise system and intends to seek some thoughts to solve the current contradiction in tourism industry.


Orange-yellow crystals of the title compound are hydrothermally prepared from a mixture of CrO3, UO2(NO3)2, iPrNH2, and H2O (autoclave, 100 °C, 6 d).


Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which has emerged as a global public health threat in the present century. The present oral hypoglycemic agents produce undesirable side effects and oxidative stress. Thus there is a need for a safe, cost effective and complementary therapy for Diabetes mellitus. To evaluate the Nitric oxide scavenging activity and Alpha amylase inhibitory activity of Pterocarpus marsupium. The antioxidant activity was determined by nitric oxide radical scavenging activity according to the method of Garrat (1964). Alpha-amylase inhibitory activity was evaluated according to the method of Bernfield (1955). % Inhibition of Nitric Oxide by Pterocarpus marsupium extract at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100μg/ml was 14.24±0.10, 24.43±0.18, 40.22±0.27, 60.87±0.22, 82.25±0.78 respectively. % inhibition of Alpha amylase by extract of Pterocarpus marsupium at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100μg/ml are 22.54±0.18, 30.64±0.52, 40.92±0.56, 56.08±0.07 and 72.25±0.76 respectively. Based on the results we conclude that Pterocarpus marsupium as strong in vitro nitric oxide scavenging activity and alpha amylase inhibitory activity. Thus, Pterocarpus marsupium is a potential antidiabetic agent.


Learning and memory is very important function of brain in human and animals. Most evidence showed that c-fos gene expression involved in learning and memory processes. The learning and memory-induced c-fos gene expression is widely distributed in brain with high level in cortex, hippocampus and limbic system. According to different training model, the expression of c-fos has different time-course. Generally, the expression occurs immediately or at 30 min after training, and peaks at 1-2 hour. Many training models, such as passive or active avoidance task, brightness discrimination, conditioned taste aversion and so on, can evoke c-fos gene expression in brain. And other factors involved in learning and memory processes (i.e. long-term potentiation and some drugs) also influence c-fos gene expression in some extent.


The purpose of this paper is to introduce the class of enriched multivalued contraction mappings. Both single-valued and multivalued enriched contractions are defined by means of symmetric inequalities. Our main result extends and generalizes the recent result of Berinde and Păcurar (Approximating fixed points of enriched contractions in Banach spaces, Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications, 22 (2), 1–10, 2020). We also study a data dependence problem of the fixed point set and Ulam–Hyers stability of the fixed point problem for enriched multivalued contraction mappings. Applications of the results obtained to the problem of the existence of a solution of differential inclusions and dynamic programming are presented.


In this paper we describe the structure of the Galois group of the algebraic closure of finite extensions of the field of p-adic numbers for p ≠ 2.


The UK newspaper The Financial Times recently instructed its contributors that its style guide has been changed. The word "data" is henceforth to be considered singular. This diktat mandates "data is," not "data are," "this data," not "these data," and so on. They can't have been studying the evidence—the etymology of the word, grammatical considerations, and above all usage.
Etymologically, the word "data" is the plural form of the Latin word "datum," something that is given or is due to be given—a present, a debit, or a debt. And that should be the end of it. "Data" is plural. Grammatical analysis supports this usage.
However, the etymological fallacy tells us not to assume that the etymology of a word rigidly determines what it means or how it is to be used in English. In computer science "data" implies information, in a technical sense, carried by an electrical current, and "data" can therefore be regarded as singular. However, in common parlance it refers to pieces of information, in a non-technical sense, such as personal characteristics, and is therefore plural.
Like a subatomic particle, functioning as either a particle or a wave, "data" can function as either singular or plural, depending on the language game in which it is being used. Since most uses, such as matters discussed in newspapers, involve common parlance, "data" should continue to be regarded as plural, except on the rare occasions when computer science is the specific subject matter.


The serial port has become a standard I/O of computer, the communication between SCM and computer through serical port is widely used. Introduces the basic principal of the serial communication between SCM and computer, uses SPComm control to design serial port communicate program in Delphi.


Theories of regional economic development: theories of gradient progress, growth poles and regional production complexes all have different interpretations and measures of regional development. New type of regional development theory: Industrial cluster theory, in addition to emphasizing the importance of regional division of labor, it further emphasizes the role of the integration of various resources in the region, especially the role of technological progress and technological innovation.


A gas turbine (1) is provided with a compressor (10), a turbine (30), a bleed line (61), and a component introducing line (66). The bleed line (61) extracts, as bleed air, compressed air from an intermediate compression stage (19a) of the compressor (10) and guides the bleed air to a first component (44) that constitutes part of a turbine casing (41). The component introducing line (66) guides the bleed air that has passed through the first component (44) to a second component that is a component constituting the turbine (30). The second component is a low-pressure component (47) that is disposed in a lower-pressure environment than the pressure of the compressed air at an outlet port of the intermediate compression stage (19a).


In the course of the XMM–Newton survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), two new bright X-ray sources were discovered exhibiting the spectral characteristics of high-mass X-ray binaries – but revealing only weak evidence for pulsations in just one of the objects (at 153 s in XMMU J010743.1−715953). The accurate X-ray source locations permit the identification of these X-ray sources with Be stars, thereby strongly suggesting that these systems are new Be/X-ray binaries. From blue spectra the proposed classification for XMMU J010633.1−731543 is B0.5-1Ve and for XMMU J010743.1−715953 it is B2IV-Ve.


ABSTRACT Hydraulic models include many uncertainties related to model parameters. Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) and Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) allow to quantify these uncertainties and identify the most influent parameters. To use traditional methods of UQ and GSA, the inputs must be independent. Therefore, this research aims to show that the dependence between inputs should not be neglected in uncertainty studies. To illustrate this, we used a simple hydraulic model built with TELEMAC-2D, representing a hypothetical linear river protected by a dyke that can break. The methodology is completed following these steps: the uncertain inputs and the outputs of interest are identified. Then, the inputs margins are defined through a statistical analysis using real dataset. The dependence structure between inputs is figured using copulas. Kriging metamodels are used to increase the number of experiences in a short time period. Finally, UQ and GSA are achieved. Regarding the UQ results, the outputs distribution is different if the inputs are considered dependent or not, whereas regarding the GSA, some parameters, usually considered non-influent in the hypothesis of independent inputs, have a real impact on the outputs. These results suggest that it could be interesting to consider the dependencies between inputs for "real" applications.


Abstract International students studying at Australian universities are largely represented in the media as problematic speakers of English, in part due to the dominance of the monolingual mindset as an approach to language. This paper focuses instead on international students' multilingualism and examines the multimodal media representation of them as multilingual speakers. This study presents a thematic language ideological analysis of an episode of an Australian current affairs television program, Four Corners, and social media discussion of the episode and explores the way language ideologies work in the context. It shows that multilingual practices and speakers are stigmatized through the textual and multimodal representation of languages other than English (LOTE). Findings show that the multilingualism of international students and competencies available through LOTE are largely rendered invisible and students are constructed through a 'double deficit' view. They are thus not seen as multilingual speakers but deficient English speakers and this deficiency indexes other deficits. Where LOTE becomes visible, it is represented as a problem. The results also show that the social media discussions further amplify the language ideologies of the episode. The implications are considered for media representation and for universities to shift the focus to English language as a medium of instruction only and end 'language blindness' for improved social inclusion.


Background

Young people (age 16-25 years) with long term health conditions tend to disengage from health services resulting in poor health outcomes. They are prolific users of digital communications. Innovative UK National Health Service (NHS) clinicians use digital communication with these young people. The NHS plans to use digital communication with patients more widely.

Objectives

To explore how health care engagement can be improved using digital clinical communication; understand effects, impacts, costs and necessary safeguards; provide critical analysis of its use, monitoring and evaluation.

Design

Observational mixed methods case studies; systematic scoping literature reviews; assessment of patient reported outcome measures; public and patient involvement (PPI); consensus development through focus groups.

Setting

Twenty NHS specialist clinical teams from across England and Wales, providing care for 13 different long term physical or mental health conditions.

Participants

165 young people aged 16-25 years living with a long term health condition; 13 parents; 173 clinical team members; 16 Information Governance Specialists.

Interventions

Clinical teams and young people variously used: mobile phone calls, text messages, email, Voice over Internet Protocol.

Main outcome measures

Empirical work:

Thematic and ethical analysis of qualitative data; annual direct costs; Did Not Attend, Accident and Emergency Attendance and Hospital Admissions rates plus clinic specific clinical outcomes. Scoping reviews: patient, health professional and service delivery outcomes and technical problems. Patient reported outcome measures: scale validity, relevance and credibility.

Data sources

Observation, interview, structured survey, routinely collected data, focus groups, peer reviewed publications.

Results

Digital communication enables access for young people to the right clinician when it makes a difference for managing their health condition. This is valued as additional to traditional clinic appointments. This access challenges the nature and boundaries of therapeutic relationships but can improve them, increase patient empowerment and enhance activation. Risks include increased dependence on clinicians, inadvertent disclosure of confidential information and communication failures, but clinicians and young people mitigate these risks. Workload increases, and staff time is the main cost. Clinical teams had not evaluated impact of their intervention, and analysis of routinely collected data did not identify any impact. There are no currently used generic outcome measures but the Patient Activation Measure and the Physician Humanistic Behaviour Questionnaire are promising. Scoping reviews suggest digital clinical communication is acceptable to young people but with no clear evidence of benefit except for mental health.

Limitations

Qualitative data was mostly from clinician enthusiasts. No interviews were achieved with young people who do not attend clinics. Clinicians struggled to estimate workload. Only eight full sets of routine data were available.

Conclusions

Timely digital clinical communication is perceived as making a difference to health care and health outcome for young people with long term conditions but this is not supported by evidence that measures health outcome. Such communication is challenging and costly to provide but valued by young people.


In sport games, and particularly in volleyball, the importance of technical and coordination performance factors has recently increased, since their level significantly influence the tempo, quality and stability of the acquisition of sport skills. In this way they facilitate the course of movement in the improvement and stabilization phases, determine the degree of utilization of the conditioned potential and allow for flexible adaptation of the movement to constantly varying conditions. Based on several research works of mostly German sport scientists we can accept the fact that development of coordination abilities has a different course than that of the conditioning performance potentials (Hirtz, 1985; Juřinová, 1982; Ljach, 1988; Hartmann, 1992; Šimonek, 1993, 1998; Šimonek, et al., 1997, 1999; and others). Even if these authors applied various research methods, they basically agree that the most optimum interval for the development of coordination abilities can be considered between 7 and 12 years. This is the period of an intensive development of motor centres in the brain. At the age of 8, the development of the brain and head of children is already 90-95% of the maximum value (Weineck, 1996). "Fair reaction speed, courage, favourable somatic prerequisites, sufficient level of inevitable motor abilities, as well as high level of excitability and plasticity of the nerve system create favourable conditions for acquisition of the most difficult coordination movementsˮ (Winter, 1975), (Fig. 4.4).


The f_(1096) fault at the No.5 valve shaft of the Three Gorges project's south-line permanent shiplocks is immediately close to the reinforced concrete lined walls of the valve shaft. Because of its large scale and poor behaviors, and according to structural and operational requirements of the valve shaft, the fault was treated by high-pressure compound grouting. In the design and construction, high-pressure rotary inject of cement grout, deep-hole packing chemical grouting, tracking strain monitoring etc. were adopted, speeding up the construction progress, satisfying the technical requirements of the deformation modulus E≥ 8 GPa( for more than 85 percent observation points) and the seepage rate q≤1 Lu and improving the structural stressing of the valve shaft. The treated fault has stood practical trials of the shiplock operation. Monitored data show that the south-line No.5 valve shaft has been well operating.


The third-harmonic output of a Nd:YAG laser is utilized in the quantitative detection of gas-phase NaOH. Species selectivity and sensitivity are achieved via multiple-photon absorption and photo-dissociation of NaOH—in combination with monitoring of the subsequent Na photofragment fluorescence. Detection limits of ∼0.5 ppm of gas-phase NaOH have been achieved under atmospheric conditions. The fluorescence intensity has been found to be proportional to the square of the laser power, which is consistent with a second-order absorption process. Although the technique is less sensitive than the more widely used excimer laser-induced photofragment fluorescence approach, there are many technical advantages which make it more suitable for use in modern coal combustion systems. These combustion systems require accurate alkali measurement and control to combat fouling and corrosion of process surfaces and turbine blades.


In this study, the effects of feed containing citrus byproducts on the physicochemical characteristics and palatability of Korean native chickens were investigated. The Korean native chickens used in this study were divided into two groups: T0 (chickens that were not fed citrus byproducts until they were 39 weeks old) and T1 (chickens that were fed citrus byproducts). The feed given to the T1 chickens was the same as that given to the T0 chickens for the first 16 weeks. Between weeks 17 ~39, the feed given to the T1 chickens was prepared by adding 4% of the citrus byproducts to the feed given to the T0 chickens. The chickens used in the experiment were chilled for 2 days after being sacrificed. The feed containing citrus byproducts did not cause any statistically significant differences in the breast and thigh characteristics of lightness (L* value), redness (a* value), yellowness (b* value), water-holding capacity, frozen loss, thawing loss and boiling loss. As for the rheological properties, there was no statistically meaningful difference in the breast/thigh characteristics of springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness between the T0 and T1 chickens. However, hardness and shear force were significantly lower in the T1 chickens than in the T0 chickens (p<0.05). The acid and peroxide values were also lower in the T1 chickens than in the T0 chickens, but the difference was not statistically significant. Antioxidant activity was better in the T1 chickens than in the T0 chickens. Thus, the results of the present study show that consumption of citrus byproducts did not affect the color and smell of raw meat. The palatability of boiled meat was significantly better in the T1 chickens than in the T0 chickens.


A novel method to segment remotely sensed image is proposed considering HIS Color Space, the color purity and Mutil-scale Characteristics. HIS color space is used to express pixel color information. Not only the pixel properties but also the pixel region properties are considered. An image is divided into region. For each region, the mean and variance values can be seen as the pixel region properties. Because the hue value will be very sensitive when the intensity and saturation values are small, the color purity is used as the weight on the hue value. The image segmentation is done with the approach of the combination of region growing based on Mutil-scale Characteristics, and then use features of regions and the relative position information to merge small region into large region.


The trapped positron characteristics are calculated for the carbon-vacancy pair in alpha iron. The method used is based on superimposing free atom electron densities and solving the resulting three-dimensional Schrodinger equation by relaxation techniques. The results are used to interpret positron lifetime measurements in alpha iron doped with controlled amounts of carbon impurities.


Pilot test of Paphia Undulata depuration were studied under the optimal depuration conditions, using aseptic seawater prepared by ultraviolet rays. The microbial index, heavy metals and shellfish poisons indexes, and physical index were comprehensive analyzed. And the cost of pilot-scale experiment was also checked. The result suggested that the microbial index, heavy metals and shellfish poisons indexs, and physical index were according with the demands of DB35/575-2004 after the pilot test of Paphia undulata depuration. The yield of product was above 95%, and the cost of depuration was 645 yuan per ton.


The utility model relates to a liquid-state continuous slagging fixed bed gasifier. The liquid-state continuous slagging fixed bed gasifier is characterized by comprising a stock bin, a raw material locking hopper, a gasifier body, a plurality of gasifying agent nozzles, a slagging device, a slag quenching chamber and a slag lock sequentially from top to bottom; the stock bin is funnel-shaped, and the lower end of the stock bin is connected with the upper end of the raw material locking hopper in a fastening manner; the raw material locking hopper is connected with an upper port of the gasifier body in a fastening manner; a crude gas outlet is formed in the upper part of the gasifier body, and a gasifier lining is arranged on the inner wall of the gasifier body below the crude gas outlet; the plurality of gasifying agent nozzles are connected with the lower middle part of the gasifier body in a fastening manner, and are circumferentially and evenly distributed along the gasifier body, outlets of the plurality of gasifying agent nozzles extend inside the gasifier body after penetrating the wall of the gasifier body and the gasifier lining; the slagging device is arranged in the gasifier body below the gasifier lining, the lower end of the gasifier body is connected with the upper end of the slag quenching chamber in a fastening manner, the lower end of the slag quenching chamber is connected with the upper end of the slag lock in a fastening manner. The gasifying agent nozzles adopt single-channel structure only conveying a gasifying agent, and the service lives of the gasifying agent nozzles are prolonged. Through an overflow slagging tank, the slagging success can be effectively guaranteed, and the running efficiency of the fixed bed gasifier can be improved.


The main objective of this article is to study self-orthogonal negacyclic
codes of length $n$ over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$, where
the characteristic of $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ does not divide $n$. We investigate
issues related to their existence, characterization and enumeration.
We find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence
of self-orthogonal negacyclic codes of length $n$ over a finite field
$\mathbb{F}_{q}$. We characterize the defining sets and the corresponding
generator polynomials of these codes. We obtain formulae to calculate
the number of self-dual and self-orthogonal negacyclic codes of a
given length $n$ over $\mathbb{F}_{q}$. The enumeration formula
for self-orthogonal negacyclic codes involves a two-variable function
$\chi(d,q)$ defined by $\chi(d,q)=0$ if $d$ divides $(q^{k}+1)$
for some $k\geq0$ and $\chi(d,q)=1$, otherwise. We give necessary
and sufficient conditions when $\chi(d,q)=0$ holds.


Methoxoiodine(V) fluorides, IF5 –n(OMe)n(n=1–4), and fluoro(methyl)silanes are formed from reactions of iodine pentafluoride with methoxomethylsilanes at 20 °C. The IF5 derivatives are labile and readily decompose with reduction of iodine(V). Although Me3SiF is formed from reactions of IF5 with other Me3SiX [X = Cl, SMe, OC(O)R, or Me] compounds, substituted derivatives of IF5 are not isolated because reduction occurs.


HSP is a common vasculitis allergic hemorrhagic disease. According to the location and clinical manifestations of the disease, it can be classified into simple type, abdominal type, joint type and renal type. Abdominal HSP is the most potentially dangerous type [3]. A combination of two or more types of the disease that occurs simultaneously is mixed type. In addition to skin petechiae or purpura, the most common symptom of abdominal HSP is abdominal pain. It mostly occurs in the periumbilical, lower or whole abdomen, showing paroxysmal colic with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms. Renal purpura is the most severe type [4], hematuria and albuminuria may occur in a week after the onset of purpura, and edema probably occurs in a few patients.


This paper deals with a remote-control telephone system, of which the fulfilment of various functions in its systematic structure, its software programme procedure and its functions of main softwares are discussed. The circuits for answering, ringing off and codes are simple and practical. The feedback of the remote-control objects such as window condition, the electric device and the control circuit are steady and reliable.


Control valve is an upperstructure of excavator parts that serves to regulate the flow generated by a hydraulic pump that is used to move work equipment such as buckets, arms, booms, swing motors and travel motors on the excavator. The purpose of this study is to find out how the control valve in the excavator works.
 Based on its function, control valves are divided into three types, namely pressure control valves, flow control valves, and directional control valves. The operation of the control valve is adjusted according to the motion of the control lever. On the control lever there is a pilot valve that functions to open and close the oil flow from the hydraulic pump to the control valve.
 The way the control valve works when the control lever is moved by the pilot valve will open the oil flow in the control valve of the hydraulic pump then the oil is regulated by the pressure control valve, the amount of flow by the flow control valve, and the direction of flow by the directional control valve. Furthermore, oil directly goes to the attachment that will be driven.


The keris is a Malay or Indonesia dagger. In 2005, the then United Malays National Organization (UMNO) Youth Chief and Malaysia Education Minister, Hishammuddin Hussein, wielded the keris at the UMNO Youth general assembly, which he claimed to be a means to motivate the Malays. Following that, the UMNO Youth general assembly in 2006 and 2007 was noted for some racist statements made by several delegates in addition to the keris-wielding action repeated by Hishammuddin. The non-Malays perceived the action of wielding the keris as a gesture meant to defend ketuanan Melayu (Malay supremacy) and to threaten those who opposed Malay special rights. After the political tsunami in 2008, the Malaysian Chinese Association and Malaysian People's Movement Party (Gerakan) leaders blamed UMNO for their electoral debacle. Hishammuddin also admitted that his raising of the keris was among the causes of the Barisan Nasional's poor performance in the general election. He apologized to the non-Malays because of the fear to a symbol which was not his intention and to the Malays for not being able to uphold their symbol of heritage. This study aimed to compare the coverage of the keris polemics by mainstream Malay, English and Chinese as well as alternative newspapers. By using framing as the theoretical framework and content analysis as the research methods, it was found that the newspapers framed the issue differently, reflecting the political economic and ideological boundaries within which the journalists work.


We present a new way to construct n-cluster tilting subcategories of abelian categories. Our method takes as input a direct system of abelian categories Ai with certain subcategories and, under rea ...


Antibody molecules produced by B cells are engaged in the humoral immunity. Antibodies have molecular diversity to respond specifically to each of innumerable species of antigen. Antibody molecular diversity is the immediate result of immunoglobulin gene diversity which is formed by complicated processes including VDJ rearrangement and is thought to reflect differentiation status of B cells. Somatic mutation occurs in these immunoglobulin genes after main VDJ rearrangement and also plays an important role in further widening of molecular diversity.In recent years, the significance of somatic mutation of immunoglobulin gene in B-cell differentiation process was made clear, and as the result, identification of the normal counterpart of tumor cells became possible on gene level studies, which had been judged mainly from histocytological and immunohistochemical studies.


The article has studied the ideology of Chinese traditional social morality.By critically inheriting and creatively applying this ideology,the article has contributed to the forming of modern citizen's moral system which shows Zeitgeist and national characteristics.


: Article is devoted to the problem of financial management of companies working in the field of high technology and high-technology products. We consider the system of financial management, implementing full cycle of innovative enterprises and take into account all aspects of its activities: operating, investing and financing, determine the value of the budget revenue and expenditure management business units, structured on the basis of allocation of responsibility centers. The problem of inclusion of managerial accounting in an integrated system is developed on the basis of identified sequences of the accounting system in the enterprise, depending on the phases of the development cycle of the organization. Practical importance has recommendations on creating a management accounting system as one of the stages of this sequence.


The purpose of the present study was a) to examine the structure of political attitudes when measured with ar `catchphrase' type scale and b) to investigate the relationships between the level of political interests, political knowledge and political attitudes . Two hundred and seventy nine university students were asked to evaluate short-phrase items expressing the controversial political issues and to answer some questions measuring the level of political interests and political knowledge. The results showed that political attitudes were constructed by following five dimensions : "nationalism", "maintenance the statusquoinpolitics","control", "militarism" and "innovativism" .The linear relationship between the level of political interests and political attitudes was observed . Those who had high political interests showed more innovative attitudes, while subjects whose political interests were low indicated more conservative ones. rNo systematic relations were found between the level of political knowledge and political attitudes.


The difficulty faced by students in Geometry (ageometria) is a relatively new learning difficulty that has not been extensively explored. Early detection, as well as intervention, is very important. Students with dyslexia, like all students with special learning difficulties, face difficulties in working memory. In addition, solving a geometric problem requires comprehension of pronunciation (in which students with dyslexia lag) and numerical processing (in which students with dyscalculia lag). For this reason, this article presents interventions aimed at improving working memory or improving reading or numerical skills, with the help of new technologies.


Chromosomes, which are formed by the combination of DNA and special proteins, are structures that can show some changes with the effect of genetic or environmental factors. The DNA molecule in these structures carries vital information in elucidating critical information about life. DNA, which is formed by the combination of sugar, phosphate and organic bases, has exon and intron regions separation. Information about the processes in the life cycle of cells, the changes experienced by stem cells, the regulations in the growth and development stage, the development status of cancer, mutation occurrences and protein synthesis are stored in exon regions. Distinguishing exon regions that form %3 of a cell's DNA is considered a challenging problem. However, the detection of diseases on genetically based facts offers more precise outputs. In this study, the BCR-ABL gene, which is an important indicator in the diagnosis of ALL and CML malignancies, was obtained from the NCBI dataset. In the first step, sequences were digitized using the integer mapping technique to detect exon and intron regions in the BCR-ABL gene region. The digitized sequences were given as input to the hash function. The outputs obtained from the hash function, which has a mathematical basis suitable for the structure of DNA, were expressed in the binary system and placed in the hash table. Then, these key values, which define the exon and intron regions, were shown as clusters in order to find the region of the new input easily. As a result of the analysis performed for the BCR-ABL gene, one collision occurred. However, to test the power of the proposed hierarchy, the same processes were used again on the BRCA-1 mutation carrier gene seen in high-risk breast cancer patients. As a result of the study also carried out on the BRCA-1 gene, one collision occurred. This shows the success and stability of the proposed method. By this study, a simple hierarchy based on a mathematical basis, independent of nucleotide length, was created.


Background: '-thalassemia is a heterogeneous group of inherited hematological disorder. Though the importance of mutations in the beta-globin gene causing '-thalassemia have been reported worldwide, no data are available from rural population of SouthWestern Maharashtra. Objective: In the present study we aimed to characterize the mutations in s-globin gene from s-thalassemia patients from rural areas of South-Western Maharashtra. Material and Methods: The patients were analyzed for the s-globin gene mutations included IVS I-1 (G-T), IVS I-5 (G-C), cd 71/72 (+A), cd 41/42 (-TTCT), codon (cd) 8/9 (+G), cd 17 (A-T), cd 95 (+A), cd 43 (-C), cd 41 (-C), cd 35 (C-A), cd 26 (G-T), cd 19 (A-G), cd 15 (-T), cd 27/28 (+C) and cd 14/15 (+G) with the help of Multiplexed Amplification Refractory Mutation SystemPolymerase Chain Reaction (MARMS-PCR). Results: Out of the common mutations studied the cd 71/72 (21.54%), cd 19 (13.7 %). cd 41/42 (9.68%) and cd 41 (9.6%) showed high prevalence followed by cd17 (7.56 %). 7.27% patients showed IVSI-5 mutations, 6.26 % showed IVSI-1 mutations. Cd 15 mutations were present in 8.69 % patients and only 5.39 % subjects showed cd 8/9 mutations. This study provides the pattern of s-thalassemia mutations from rural areas of Maharashtra in India. Conclusion: This study provides the pattern of s-thalassemia mutations from rural population which will open a new avenue for implementation of molecular diagnostics for prenatal diagnosis and prevention of blood disorder by proper counseling in rural areas.


The use of the IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in
International Arbitration (IBA Rules) or the Rules on the Efficient
Conduct of Proceedings in International Arbitration (Prague
Rules) is not a common practice in national arbitration. This essay
is aimed to publicize its content and to explore the possibility of
its use with the current Arbitration and Mediation Law (LAM) or
if it is required to propose an amendment to the Law.


Abstract Neonatal cushing syndrome (NCS) is a rare disease that results from prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels. McCune–Albright syndrome (MAS) is an exceedingly rare genetic disorder characterized by cafe-au-lait skin spots, bone fibrous dysplasia and multiple endocrinopathies. We describe a case of a premature neonate with Intrauterine Growth Retardation who presented with hypercortisolemia, neonatal transaminitis and cardiac dysfunction. Further evaluation revealed significant bilateral adrenal hyperplasia leading to the diagnosis of NCS as part of MAS. Despite maximum medical therapy, including metyrapone, the baby's refractory hypertension, hyperglycemia and persistent failure to thrive (weight of 1.4 kg at corrected age 38 weeks) necessitated bilateral adrenalectomy. This case did not initially demonstrate the classic MAS triad, notably, the absence of skeletal manifestations. There has been no previous description of a baby who has had all the early life-threatening features present and survived beyond 18 months. This case highlights the severity of the phenotype and the challenges involved in diagnosing and treating NCS and MAS in neonates.


Abstract While the contribution of patients' perspectives regarding their psychotherapeutic experiences has been widely recognized, some have received less attention from research, as is the case of people with schizophrenia. This paper focuses on the subjective experience of psychotherapy in order to go more in-depth into aspects related to the therapeutic success. A study of multiple cases was carried out which included four patients who participated in semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed based on the Grounded Theory. Results show that the process of psychotherapeutic change in people with schizophrenia can be understood as a progressive reintegration of the self into the biographical continuity and they contribute to understanding the meaning that psychotherapy can have for people suffering from schizophrenia.


The whole recording and reconstruction processes based on the ABCD transfer matrix of the digital off-axis holography through a pipe are researched. Comparisons of the simulations between inline and off-axis holography are presented.


'I looked for ways by which to understand
My origins; for ground whereon to stand
With poetry for a divining branch.'
from 'A Letter to Lydia'
213
'Spiritual Voice in Rosemary Dobson's Poetry' is so complex and farreachinga theme that here I can only invite you to some bare bones, a glass of cold water;2 and show a few slides from my recent excursions into those 'other countries' of her Collected Poems, 1991.3 The bones are important ones in tracing the development of a spiritual ethos which informs the poetry. It is an issue so far not explored in critical commentary, although some of its essential elements are observed in the 1974 essays of A.D. Hope,4 and James McAuley,5 and in Sr. Veronica Brady's 1989 essay, 'Over the Frontier', in Poetry and Gender.

This paper's interpretation of a spiritual ethos underlying the poetry seems in some ways radical, while yet imaginatively logical, so that it is offered tentatively and with some temerity.


5093 Background: Data is limited regarding combination chemotherapy and hormonal therapy in patients with recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer (EMCA). The purpose of the current study is to det...


Reviews the history of curfews, which began in England under Alfred the Great. Detects an increased interest in current literature in the use of curfews. Surveys 200 US cities and finds that juvenile curfew ordinances have become widespread in the 1990s. Gives data inter alia on age groups affected, time limits applied, geographical constraints applied and curfew enforcement. Recommends that this descriptive analysis be followed by further research to explain the social dynamics of curfew movements, the various impacts of curfew ordinances, the role of community policing, etc.


The paper aims to illustrate the modelling of organic compounds by means of the concept of weighted electronic distance and the corresponding CEP connectivity matrix associated to it. A topological index derived from this matrix, called ZEP, that can be used to model the physical properties of several organic compounds, is also described.


DISSEMINATED testicular neoplasms other than seminoma have not been effectively controlled by radiologic therapy or chemotherapeutic agents. In an evaluation of these tumors Whitmore1 stated that chemotherapy had no practical value in most cases because of the brevity or incompleteness of the remissions obtained. There were only 5 effective remissions in 100 treated patients. A recently introduced antibiotic, mithramycin, has demonstrated striking antitumor activity in testicular neoplasms, especially the embryonal-cell carcinoma. Except for seminoma, there is a consistently poor prognosis for testicular neoplasms of germinal origin. Dixon and Moore2 reviewed 990 testicular tumors in the United States Army population from . . .


Ethnic-based policies exist in many countries today, but how these policies affect interethnic relations is undetermined. I empirically examine how ethnic-based policies impact the likelihood that disadvantaged minority groups will engage in interethnic conflict, controlling for important group- and country-level factors. I find that political discrimination increases the likelihood of engaging in conflict while economic remediation significantly decreases the likelihood. I conclude by discussing the implications of these findings.


The article discusses the importance of metacognitive strategies in teaching reading in higher education using media materials. This is put forward in theoretical part of the article referring to a number of scholars who previously studied the issue. Practical part deals with analyzing the problems supposed to arise if students are not aware of and do not use metacognitive competence; and suggesting some guidelines about how EFL teachers can help students to develop that competence.


Let X be a Stein space of dimension n and Y c X a Runge open subset, i.e. Y is a Stein open subset and the restriction map F(X, O)-+F(Y, (9) has a dense image. It was shown in [4] that in this case the pair (X, Y) satisfies the following topological conditions: the relative homology group Hi(X ,Y; Z) vanishes if i>n and Hn(X, Y; Z) is torsion free (when X has isolated singularities this result was already proved in [2]). Moreover, if Y=~ , then H,.(X; Z) is free. These results have been generalized in [7], [15] to q-complete spaces. Namely one has tha t if X is a q-complete space and Y c X is a q-Runge open subset then the relative homology group Hi(X, Y; Z) vanishes if i > n + q 1 and Hn+q-l(X, Y; Z) is torsion free. If Y = ~ then H~+v ~ (X; Z) is free (note that , with our definitions, i -complete corresponds to Stein spaces). In fact, for Y = 0 Harem [11] proved a stronger result: if X is a q-complete space then X has the homotopy type of a C W complex of dimension <_n+q-1. In [3] I raised the following question.


In experimental designs with unequal response variances, the number of replications per factor-level combination may be selected such that the variances of the average responses become equal, i.e., combi-nations with high variability are more often replicated. Then Weighted Least Squares becomes identical to Ordinary Least Squares applied to the average responses. If the response varíances are unknow~, they can be estimated through replication. These estimated response variances yield estimates of the number of replications required to realize approximately equal variances per average response. This sequential procedure is evaluated through a Monte Carlo experiment.


Obesity and diabetes have become major public health issues in our country. The increasing prevalence of obesity and its association with diabetes might not only be explained by genetic contribution, nutritional habits or decreased physical activity. In addition, recent studies have focused on the intestinal microbiota as environmental factors that increase energy yield from diet, regulate synthesis of gut hormones, peripheral metabolism and systemic inflammatory tone. Obesity is associated with substantial changes in composition of gut microbiota, suggesting that the development of obesity on some people may be due to these changes. Existing evidence warrants further investigation of the microbial ecology oh the human gut and points to modification of the gut microbiota, by


In spite of the increasing anticlericalism during the XlXth century, there were a continuous publication of reviews, newspapers and bulletins with an subject and spirit obviously religious. The author studies the publications of the differents religious orders and adds a supplement with all the titles.


Hospital-based palliative care consult teams address a diverse range of end-of-life (EOL) care issues and play a pivotal role in supporting patients, their families, and primary teams managing the care of these patients. The purpose of this retrospective 4-year study was to examine the palliative care consult team database for demographic characteristics of patients specifically referred for EOL care at a large academic center affiliated with a regional cancer center. Study data support the statistic that many Canadians die in acute care hospital settings. The majority of patients referred for EOL care were elderly and equally likely to have a malignant or nonmalignant diagnosis. These rapidly growing populations will only continue to expand over time. Given that the demand for palliative care services will eventually exceed supply, examining demographic trends is a key component required to better understand and plan across the palliative care service, the institution, and the health care system.


To assess the realism of habitat projections in the context of climate change, we conduct independent evaluations of twelve species distribution models, including three novel ecosystem-based modelling techniques. Habitat hindcasts for 24 western North American tree species were validated against 931 palaeoecological records from 6000, 11 000, 14 000, 16 000 and 21 000 yr before present. In addition, we evaluate regional extrapolations based on geographic splits of � 55 000 sample plots. Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated excellent predictive accuracy for cross-validations (median AUC of 0.90) and fair accuracy for independent regional and palaeoecological validations (0.78 and 0.75). Surprisingly, we found little evidence for over-parameterisation in any method. Also, given high correlations found between model accuracies in non-independent and independent evaluations, we conclude that non-independent evaluations are eff ective model selection tools. Ecosystem-based modelling approaches performed below average with respect to model sensitivity but excelled in specifi city statistics and robustness against extrapolations far beyond training data, suggesting that they are well suited to reconstruct historical biogeographies and glacial refugia.


Pregnant women at both extremes of child-bearing age face special risks for complications, though the risks differ between the very young and the very


Sections along the Nelson River in northern Manitoba, outcropping upstream and downstream from Limestone Dam, record a long succession of late Quaternary events. The oldest sediment exposed consists of sandy, nonfossiliferous Sundance till of northwestern provenance and related to a Kansan or Illinoian glaciation. The paleosol developed in the Sundance till is assigned to the Yarmouthian or Sangamon interglacial on its stratigraphic position and depth of weathering. Fossiliferous, clayey Amery till of eastern provenance overlies the Sundance till and underlies the nonglacial Nelson River sediments. Aspartic acid D/L ratios of wood fragments from the Nelson River sediments correlate with an aspartic acid D/L ratio of similar wood from the Missinaibi Formation in Ontario. Beetle analysis indicates the Nelson River sediments were deposited north of the tree line under conditions more severe than those found in the area today. The deposits are believed to be of latest Sangamon or possibly Mid-Wisconsinan age....


Objective: To determine the causes and implications of visual disability (VD) on patients' daily living. Methods: A cross section survey of 130 visually disabled ( vd ) Nigerians on visually related basic life activities, psychology and emotion in 2008. Both structured interview and relevant clinical examination were conducted for the vd to gather the necessary information. Results: VD was due mainly to cataract (82, 63.1%) and glaucoma (29, 22.3%). At least 78% of the causes of the VD were avoidable (treatable, curable). VD reduced/eliminated available manpower/workforce and increased the number of dependants. The most severely affected activities included driving, reading, threading a needle, but most vd could still cope with feeding and wearing of clothes. The activities missed most by the participants were appreciation of the beauty of nature, people/object recognition and reading. There was an association between the activities missed most and the vd levels of education ( P =0.001 ) but not with gender ( P =0.406). Most participants (85%) expressed sadness over VD and reported sadness had an association with educational levels ( P =0.042) but not with gender ( P =0.167). Though (97.7%) thought life was meaningless due to VD, all (100%) had hope in regaining normal vision. Most participants (82.3%) expressed sadness over dependence on the sighted for basic visual demanding tasks. Conclusion: Both cataract and glaucoma are leading causes of visual disability. Visual Disability diminishes quality of daily living and has economic, psychosocial and emotional implications. Renewed efforts towards preventing avoidable blindness and rehabilitating irreversibly blind will reduce the burden of vd . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i1.6842 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 21-29


The consumption of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as construction material is one of the main sources of CO2 emission and global warming.. The manufacturing process of 'clinker' which is an essential element of cement requires burning of fossil fuels, thus increasing the CO2 emission and decreasing the global stock of fuels. Concept of a novel binding material named 'Geopolymer' appeared in the 1940s as a viable solution to these issues. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is produced from industrial byproducts such as Fly Ash (FA) rich in aluminosilicate, Blast furnace slag (BFS) or natural minerals such as Kaolinite clay using alkalis as activators. In this paper, economical, social and ecological sustainability of GPC have been put forth. Comparison have been made between the behavior of low-calcium fly ash based GPC and metakaolin based GPC under different environmental conditions using alkali activators such as Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or Potassium hydroxide (KOH) with Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) . Evolution of GPC, hydration process as opposed to OPC, mechanical properties, structural behavior, alkali-silica resistance (ASR), fire and acid resistance behavior of GPC have also been discussed in this paper.


Summary. Comparing self‐assessed indicators of subjective outcomes (such as health, or job satisfaction) across countries or socio‐economic groups is often hampered by the fact that different groups use different response scales. Anchoring vignettes are used as a tool to identify and correct for such differences. The paper develops a model in which objective measurements are used to validate such vignette‐based corrections. The model is illustrated with an application to objective and subjective self‐assessments of drinking behaviour by students in the Republic of Ireland. Model comparisons using the Akaike information criterion favour a specification with response consistency and vignette‐corrected response scales. Put differently, vignette‐based corrections appear quite effective in bringing objective and subjective measures closer together.


During July 1983 to December 1993, radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed in 626 cases for stage Ib-lla cervical cancer at Maharaj Nakom Chiang Mai Hospital. Forty-five cases (7.2%) had pelvic lymph node metastasis. Various clinical and histological parameters including patients' age, clinical stage, tumor size, tumor characteristic and histology were analyzed for possible association with the incidence of nodal metastasis. Tumor size was the only parameter that significantly predicted the incidence of nodal spread. Patients with tumor size of 3 cm. or less had a 4.8% incidence of nodal invasion compared to 18.9% in those who had tumor size greater than 3 cm.


A 38 years-old man was admitted to our hospital after ventricular tachycardia with left-bundle-branch block and inferior axis morphology. After undergoing different examinations the criteria for the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) were met. An electrophysiological study was then performed together with endocardial bipolar and unipolar voltage map. Unipolar and bipolar voltage mapping of the right ventricle showed low voltage areas and corresponding fragmented potentials from the tricuspid annulus to the inferior apex. On the right ventricular outer tract (RVOT), the bipolar voltage mapping was normal while the unipolar mapping showed low-voltage areas in the antero-septal outer tract. An off-line map was used to perform speckle tracking analysis on intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) clips of right ventricle and standard echocardiography. A reduction of the strain analysis was stored in correspondence of the fragmented electrograms area, in particular, speckle tracking analysis on ICE views showed a reduction of the RV LS in the segments below tricuspid valve, in the three different myocardial layers. The endocardial longitudinal strain was reduced from sub-tricuspidalic segments to the RV apex in accordance with the fragmentated potentials stored during voltage mapping. On the contrary, at anterior RVOT wall, the unipolar voltage mapping showed fragmented potentials and the STE analysis revealed a reduced epicardial LS. This case report lays emphasis on the importance of the integration of ICE-derived right ventricular strain and voltage mapping in the improvement of the sensibility of an early diagnosis of the ARVC.


Obesity is a common problem in sepsis. We evaluated the effects of short-term fasting on the mortality rate, inflammatory and coagulation response in rats with endotoxin-induced shock. Male Wister ...


This article describes how 16 Mozambican languages—and counting—have been brought into primary education in Mozambique through a 2002 curriculum reform, and how they are faring in light of tensions between general aspirations for dominant languages and public demand for bilingual education. Bilingual education based on learners' home languages, as one of three optional "modalities" of the reform, has grown in popularity since piloting in the 1990s, and classroom- and community-level actors are making considerable contributions, assisted by middle-level scholars and organizations. Although official policy has not been accompanied by allocation of resources at the top, it appears that implementational spaces (Hornberger, 2005) are being filled from the stakeholder level, contributing to ownership of bilingual programs and satisfaction with promoting local languages and cultures. Given current limitations at the top and middle, the question is whether the bottom can sustain implementation.


Salary support for A.P.P. Zhang was provided by training grant 5T32 {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AI007244","term_id":"3216801","term_text":"AI007244"}}AI007244 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID).


We will show a new database password protection method that can be used in programming languages, specially in those that are interpreted, where the executable code is humanly readable as well, being able to leave the database password exposed, with the risks of information theft and data changes.


Leucas martinicensis is an annual herb which is used as mosquito repellant due to minty odor. It has been used traditionally to manage diverse medical ailments including infectious diseases, inflammatory conditions, rashes, diarrhoea, epilepsy and convulsions. The aim of this study is to ascertain the phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and anticonvulsant activity of the ethanolic extract of whole plant ethanol whole plant extract. The whole plant was air dried, powdered and extracted using 95% ethanol. The extract was then subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial susceptibility testing using cup plate method on nutrient agar. The anticonvulsant activity of the extract was investigated by studying the effects on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole and strychnine in albino rats. The extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycosides. The antibacterial screening of the extract against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species showed a dose dependent inhibitory activity. The activity of the control gentamycin (gentamicin) was found to be significantly lower than the activity of the extract at the highest tested concentration against Salmonella typhi (p<0.05). The extract at doses between 125 and 1000 mg/kg dose dependently increased the onset of clonic convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazol and strychnine in albino rats. There was a statistical significant difference between the effect of the extract and the negative control (p<0.05) against the pentylenetetrazole and strychnine induced seizures in rats. The data obtained suggest that Leucas martinicensis possesses equipotent anticonvulsant activities against pentylenetetrazole and strychnine induced seizures in rats. The anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activity recorded for the plant extract validates their traditional uses to treat various acclaimed diseases. Timothy SY 1* , Sugun MY 2 , Tata FY 1 , Milagawanda HH 3 , Ibrahim AW 4 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria 2 Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Jos, Nigeria 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria 4 Department of Mental Health, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Submission: 7 June 2016 Accepted: 12 June 2016 Published: 25 June 2016 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Timothy SY et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 423-433. 424 INTRODUCTION Plants are indispensable sources of medicine since time immemorial. Studies on natural products are aimed to determine medicinal values of plants by exploration of existing scientific knowledge, traditional uses, and discovery of potential chemotherapeutic agents. 1 This plant based traditional medicine system continues to play an essential role in health care, with about 80% of the world's inhabitants relying mainly on traditional medicines for their primary health care. 2 Plants based on natural constituents can be derived from any part of the plant like leaves, barks, stems, flowers, roots, seeds etc. 3 Antimicrobials of plant origin have enormous therapeutic potential. 1-2 They are effective in the treatment of infectious diseases while simultaneously mitigating many of the side effects that often associated with synthetic antimicrobials. 1-2 Given the alarming incidence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria of medicinal importance, there is constant need for new and effective therapeutic agents. Therefore, there is need to develop alternative antimicrobials drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases from medicinal plants. 4 Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R. Br. belongs to family Lamiaceae and commonly called Whitewort which grows widely in the Northern part of Nigeria. It has been used traditionally to treat inflammatory conditions, rashes, diarrhoea, epilepsy and convulsions. 5 The present study was to investigate the phytochemical components, antibacterial and antiepileptic activity of ethanol leaf extract of the whole plant of Leucas martinicensis so as to justify scientifically the basis for traditional use of this plant in the management of diverse medical ailments including epilepsy and infectious diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental Site The experiment was conducted in the Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri and Microbiology Laboratory of University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria. Plant collection, identification and preparation Fresh whole plant of Leucas martinicensis was collected in the month of October 2015 in the staff quarters of the Gombe State University, Gombe State. It was identified by a plant taxonomist in the Department of Biological Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State. The www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Timothy SY et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 423-433. 425 plant was dried under the shade for 7 days. Dried plants were grounded in powder using mechanical milling machine, and stored in the airtight container for further use this was then stored in an airtight container till further use. One thousand gram (1000 g) of the powdered plant of Leucas martinicensis was weighed and defatted using petroleum ether for 24 hours; the marc was dried and soaked in 1500 ml of 95% ethanol for 24 hours at room temperature with occasional mechanical shaking. The filtrate obtained were concentrated using rotary evaporator to concentrate the extract and then air dried. The percentage yield of the dried extract was then calculated using the formula below: Percentage yield =X/Y x 100%; where X = weight of the dried concentrated extract, Y = weight of the dried powdered plant. Phytochemical screening Basic phytochemical test on the ethanol plant extract of Leucas martinicensis was carried out based on standard method described by Trease and Evans 6 and Sofowora 7 to test for the presence of alkaloid, tannin, saponin, carbohydrate, glycoside, flavonoid, steroids and cardiac glycosides. Sources of the microorganisms Clinical isolates of the tests organisms (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus) were obtained from the Department of Microbiology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH). Preparation of media for antibacterial screening Sterilization of the equipment and disinfection All work surfaces were moped with moist rag and was disinfected with cotton wool soaked in dettol (disinfectant) to prevent contamination during the process. A hot air oven was used to sterilize the conical flasks, forceps, wire loop, pipettes, and beakers at 160 ̊C for 45 minutes. All materials used in the course of this project are not sensitive to moist heat sterilization were adequately sterilized using autoclave. Materials such as glasswares, conical flasks were properly washed with detergent and water to remove dirt and contaminants and were allowed to dry prior to usage. These materials were then sterilized in a portable laboratory autoclave at 120 o C for 15 minutes. www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Timothy SY et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 423-433. 426 Preparation of the nutrient agar plate Prepared by dissolving 28 g of the agar in 1000ml one litre of distilled water and then covered with aluminum foil. The media was boiled to dissolution and then sterilized at 121 ̊C for 15 minutes. The media was allowed to cool to 45 ̊C and 30 ml of the sterilized medium was poured into the sterile Petri dishes and allowed to cool and solidify. The plates were dried at 37 ̊C for 30 minutes and were used for well diffusion method. The microbes were spread evenly over the surface of the medium with the aid of glass spreader at which the cup, were bored. Antibacterial screening of Leucas martinicensis using cup plate method Prepared agar plate was evenly spread with test organism after which 5 cups or holes were bored on the surface of the prepared plate using standard cup borer of 8mm in diameter. Ten grams (10 g) each of the extract was dissolved in 10 ml sterile distilled water to make an initial concentration of 1000 mg/ml. These were then serially diluted using 1:2 to produce concentrations of 500 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml and 125 mg/ml. The four different concentrations of the extract were poured into the cups respectively. Gentamicin (4ng/ml) being the control was poured into the fifth hole on the prepared nutrient agar plate. The bacteria plates were incubated at 37 ̊C for 24 hours and observation for the zone of inhibition of bacterial growth was made. The zones were measured with a transparent ruler and result recorded in millimeters. The screening was done using 5 replications of culture plate. Sterile distilled water was used as negative control. Pentylenetetrazole Induced Seizure in Rat Thirty (30) rats (110-150 g) were grouped into 6 groups of 5 rats each. The first group received water for injection B.P. 10 ml/kg, the second group received diazepam (by Roche) 10 mg/kg, the third, fourth, fifth and sixth groups received the extract 1000, 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg respectively. Sixty minutes later all the rats were administered PTZ 100 mg/kg and observed for onset of jerk, onset of convulsion and death. Absence of a convulsion of at least 5 seconds duration indicates a compounds ability to abolish the effect of pentylenetetrazole induced seizure threshold as earlier reported by Swinyard et al. 8 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Timothy SY et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 423-433. 427 Strychnine Induced Seizure in Rat Thirty (30) rats (110-150 g) were grouped into 6 groups of 5 rats each. The first group received water for injection B.P. 10 ml/kg, the second group received diazepam (by Roche) 10 mg/kg, the third, fourth, fifth and sixth groups received


This research is based on the emergence of various problems of environmental damage caused by nature itself and humans. Environmental education is widely discussed in the Qur'an, one of which is in Surah Al-A'raf


For a Hopf algebra over a field, Sweedler's theorem [5, Theorem 4.1.1] on the structure of Hopf modules implies that the category of Hopf modules is equivalent to that of vector spaces. This theorem was generalized successively in [1, Theorem 3], [2, Theorem 3. 3], [3, Theorem 2.8] and [4, Theorem 9] by Y. Doi and M. Takeuchi. In the process of generalizations, the structure theory of module coalgebras for a bialgebra over a commutative ring has been developed. Furthemore, in [4, Theorem 9], it was proved deftness of a comodule algebra is a sufficient condition of the equivalence of the category of Hopf modules with that of right modules over the invariant subcomodule algebra. In this paper we define the dual concepts of "(generalized) integral", "cleft" and "anti -cleft" , and prove the following dual theorem of [4, Theorem 9] in the case that the A-module coalgebra C is flat as an R module : Main Theorem. Let A be a bialgebra over a commutative ring R, C a right A-module coalgebra. When C is flat as an R-module, the following are equivalent: (i) C is cocleft. (ii) There exists a left e-comodule and right A-module isomorphism CO C, and ¶N: N—,N^cC is bijective for every N in the category of [C, A]-Hopf modules. (iii) There exists a left C-comodule and right A-module isomorphism CO A C, and Wc0A: COA--,C^CC is bijective. In this case, the category of [C, A]-Hopf modules is equivalent to that of right Ccomodules. I would like to thank Professor A. Hattori and Professor M. Takeuchi for useful suggestions and encouragements.


Growth analysis and selection of sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicas) is typically performed through length or weight measurements. However, because sea cucumbers continuously change shape depending on the external environment, weight measurement has been the preferred approach. Weight measurements require extensive time and labor, moreover it is often difficult to accurately weigh sea cucumbers because of their wet surface. The present study measured sea cucumber features, including the body length, width, and thickness, by using a vision system and regression analysis to generate R 2 values that were used to develop a weight estimation algorithm. The R 2 value between the actual volume and weight of the sea cucumbers was 0.999, which was relatively high. Evaluation of the performance of this algorithm using cross-validation showed that the root mean square error and worst-case prediction error were 1.434 g and ±5.879 g, respectively. In addition, the present study confirmed that the proposed weight estimation algorithm and single slide rail device for weight measurement can measure weights at approximately 4,500 sea cucumbers per hour.


Mobile ad hoc networks consist of wireless hosts that communicate with each other in the absence of a fixed infrastructure. Some examples of the possible uses of ad hoc networking include soldiers on the battlefield, emergency disaster relief personnel, and networks of laptops. Sensor networks are a similar kind of network that have recently been investigated. Nodes in a sensor network are lighter, computationally less powerful, and more likely to be static compared to nodes in an ad hoc network. Hundreds or thousands of such nodes may be placed to monitor and control a physical environment from possibly remote locations. These nodes frequently switch their activity status to preserve battery power, which poses additional challenges for the design of efficient data collection algorithms. Ad hoc and sensor networks are self-organized and collaborative. Zero configuration networking is also required for environments in which administration is impractical or impossible, such as home or small offices or embedded systems "plugged together" (as in an automobile), or for allowing impromptu networks between the devices of strangers on a train [50]. In this chapter, we consider the routing task in which a message is to be sent from a source node to a destination node. Due to propagation path loss, the transmission radii are limited. Thus, routes between two hosts in a network may consist of hops through other hosts in the network. The task of finding and maintaining routes in the network is nontrivial since host mobility causes frequent unpredictable topological changes. "Sleep period operation" (when some nodes become temporarily inactive) poses additional challenges for routing protocols. Macker and Corson [35] listed qualitative and quantitative independent metrics for judging the performance of routing protocols. Desirable qualitative properties include: distributed operation, loop-freedom (to avoid the worst-case scenario of a small fraction of packets spinning around in the network), demand-based operation, and "sleep period operation." Some quantitative metrics that are appropriate for assessing the performance of any routing protocol include [35] end-to-end data delay and average number of data bits (or control bits) transmitted per data bits delivered. Our review (with primary interest in


The effect of stocking rate and of feeding a supplement of barley on milk yield and quality was studied in an experiment with 18 spring-calved Ayrshire cows grazing from early May until early September in 1964 and 1965. Three treatments were compared: (A) grazing at a normal stocking rate with no supplements fed (the control); (B) grazing at a high stocking rate with no supplements fed; (C) grazing at a high stocking rate, as on treatment B, with a supplement of 8 Ib rolled barley per cow daily. On treatment A, 0.92 ac/cow was used for grazing, plus some conservation, and on treatments B and C, 0.70 and 0.58 ac in 1964 and 1965, respectively. The average daily milk yields were 35.4, 32.9 and 37.0 Ib (16.1, 14.9 and 16.8 kg), respectively, on treatments A, B and C in 1964, and 39.1, 32.3 and 38.8 Ib (17.8, 14.7 and 17.6 kg) in 1965. Milk production/ac was 24 and 32% higher on treatment B than on treatment A in 1964 and 1965, respectively.

The response to the barley feeding on treatment C was equivalent to an extra 1 gallon milk from 20 Ib barley in 1964 and from 12 Ib barley in 1965 (10 litres of milk from 20 and 12 kg barley). The total-solids content of the milk from the three treatments was not significantly different. It is concluded that, at the present price of barley and the price received for milk, an increase in stocking rate, with a consequent increase in the milk yield per acre, was more profitable than feeding barley.


The lithosphere of the craton has almost all changed in the process of thinning, and before the Paleozoic Era, the main rock type of the lithospheric mantle of the North China Cratons was harzburgite, while the main rock type after the Mesozoic Era was lherzolite. In the process of craton destruction, basaltic melts from the asthenosphere and subducting plates heat and soften the lithospheric mantle while replacing and reforming the lithosphere, but not all cratonic lithospheres are damaged due to replacement of basaltic melts. In order to understand the significance of replacing cratonic lithospheric mantle by basaltic melts for recognizing the evolution of craton-type lithospheric mantle, we carried out 1100 ̊C/3.0 GPa water-bearing basaltic melts and harzburgite on a piston cylinder press. The reaction experiment simulates the scenario in which basaltic melts derived from the lithosphere associated with the subduction of the Pacific plate replace the lithospheric mantle. The results show that after replacement, the cratonic lithosphere can be transformed from harzburgite to lherzolite, which is consistent with the Mesozoic evolution trend of the North China cratonic lithosphere. Therefore, the upwelling of water-bearing basaltic melts caused by the subduction and break-off of the Pacific plate may be one of the important reasons for the destruction of the Mesozoic lithosphere in the North China Cratons.


Objective To understand the status of syphilis infection among employees at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, and to provide scientific evidence for infectious diseases surveillance and prevention. Methods The results on syphilis serum of employees at Guangzhou Baiyun Airport were analyzed. TRUST was used in screen and TPPA was conducted as a confirm method. Results Among 14 345 employees, 39 cases were found,the positive rate was 0.27%. In which,12 cases were male,27 cases were female.The sex ratio was 4:9.The majority of infection (48.72% ) was from 30 to 39 years old. The rate of service people was the highest,accounting for 64.10%. The infection was through the sex out of wedlock mostly,accounting for 92.31%. Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen the publicity education and surveillance to employees,and to improve public consciousness of health care to prevent infectious disease from spreading.


Recent reports1 ,2 stemming from a large study in Europe explore the concept of 'missed care' by nurses. Missed care is defined as the omission of any aspect of required patient care.3 Beyond the expected finding that nurse–patient staffing ratios are associated with missed care, the work environment and registered nurses (RN) carrying out non-nursing tasks were also important predictors.1 The frequency of missed care was also associated with nurses' perceptions of patient safety.2 These findings are consistent with findings from a series of studies by Kalisch and colleagues in the USA.4 ,5 However, only recently has the issue of missed care been openly discussed in the literature. What are the implications of these findings?

Common activities are missed across hospitals and countries that have different national healthcare delivery systems. In these survey-based studies, nurses report prioritising direct patient care needs such as medication administration, but appear to assign lower priority to patient care interventions such as ambulation, psychosocial needs, care planning and patient education. The basis for these day-to-day, hour-to-hour, and in some cases minute-to-minute, decisions on what to prioritise is unknown, and poses extraordinarily rich questions for future research. Do nurses prioritise medications and treatments because they are formal physicians' orders? Do they place greater value on medications and treatments over other interventions needed to prepare the patient (and their informal care givers) for discharge? Is medication administration prioritised over other interventions because it addresses an immediate need, and is now becoming easily tracked through electronic medication administration records relative to other interventions such as ambulation or discharge planning, which may by their nature be somewhat more amorphous? Alternatively, do nurses prioritise medication administration more because of the critical role played by pharmaceutical interventions and their self-perceived competency in medication administration …


This paper presents a physically-based methodology for the prediction of the intersystem radio interference due to hydrometeor scattering. Local precipitation phenomena are modelled through a set of synthetic rain fields generated by the MultiEXCELL model, whose ensemble correctly reproduce the local rainfall statistics and rain rate spatial distribution. The coupling-by-scattering mechanism relies on the simplified bistatic radar equation (BRE), which allows to efficiently evaluate interference levels between two stations when the geometrical and electrical characteristics of the links, as well as the distribution of scatterers within the common volume, are known. The model's performance is evaluated against the comprehensive ITU-R DBSG3 database and is compared to that achieved by using isolated rain cells (EXCELL model) to model precipitations. The results clearly indicate the benefits of introducing MultiEXCELL for a more realistic representation of the local meteorological environment over long paths.


The reverse link traffic in the cdma2000 1xEV-DO standard is controlled by a distributed rate control scheme in a probabilistic way. In this paper, a new reverse-link rate control scheme that controls the maximum possible data rate by considering traffic load and cell region is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed cell region based rate control scheme significantly improves the reverse link capacity in multi-cell environments


In large enterprises, huge amounts of data are generated and consumed, and only substantial fractions of the data change rapidly. Decision makers need up-to-date information to make timely and sound business decisions. Unfortunately, conventional decision support systems do not provide the low latencies needed for decision making in this rapidly changing environment. The decision making process in traditional data warehouse environments is often delayed because data cannot be propagated from the source system to the data warehouse in time. The typical update patterns for traditional data warehouses on an overnight or even weekly basis increase this propagation delay. Keeping data current by minimizing the latency from when data is captured until it is available to decision makers in this context is a difficult task.


An adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) utilizes the magnetocholoric effect in a paramagnetic salt to produce sub-Kelvin temperatures. It is a solid-state device that has no moving parts and does not rely upon a density gradient in a working fluid. This makes it ideal for cooling space-based instruments. ·Typically the salt is enclosed in a cylindrical pill that is suspended within the bore of a magnet. The suspension between the salt pill and magnet must be robust enough to survive a launch yet have a thermal conductance that minimizes heat from the magnet that is mechanically, and thermally, anchored to a stage at a higher temperature. Here we detail such a design that uses KevlarTM as the supporting media in a system that limits motion of the salt pill axial as well as laterally with respect to the magnet bore. ,,


Optical fiber displacement sensor (10) comprises a flexible disc (16) assembly attached to a mounting pillar extending from the support base (22) (20). Spiral wound optical fiber coil (12, 16) are mounted on opposite sides of the flexible disc (16A, 16B). Optical signal output from both coils (12, 14) to form an interferometer coupled (70,114). Inertia ring attached to the periphery of the flexible disk (16) (60) is an optical fiber lead toward the other elements in the housing (101) from the first and second optical fiber coils (12A, 12B, 14A, 14B ) having a plurality of circumferential surface grooves (68,92,98) which via. Inertial ring (60), the optical fiber leads (12A, 12B, 14A, 14B) a first, wound spirally between the second coil (12, 14) and the circumferential surface grooves (68,92,98) of the light-fiber leads (12A, 12B, 14A, 14B) to prevent damage bent sharply. .FIELD 1


Nonlinear optics is playing a prominent role in the development of photonic and optoelectronic technologies. New nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have the main impact on laser technology, optical communication, optical switching, optical data storage and frequency shifting. Second order nonlinear optical materials have currently attracted plenty of attention due to their potential applications on sprouting optoelectronic technologies [1-3]. Inorganic NLO materials have notable mechanical strength, thermal stability and good transmittance. However modest optical non-linearity appear because of their lack of prolonged π-electron dislocation. Purely organic NLO materials have high non-linearity compared to inorganic materials but short optical transparency, poor thermal and mechanical strength and low laser damage threshold. Hence, the research is inspired on semiorganic NLO material in an effort to attain superior NLO crystal uniting the advantages of organic and inorganic materials. The semiorganic NLO materials were attracting much attention due to highest optical nonlinearity, chemical flexibility with the high mechanical and thermal stability [4-6]. Growth and Characterization of Bisthiourea Lithium Sodium Sulphate: A Novel Semiorganic Nonlinear Optical Single Crystals


The present study analyzed the insertion in the international market of the Brazilian capital goods industry in the period 2008-2016. More general descriptive analyzes were carried out on the values of imports, exports, trade balances, participation in total international flows, main trading partners. We also calculated the index to measure the coverage rate, revealed comparative advantages and market share. The results showed that Brazil is a net importer of capital goods and consistently presents deficits in the trade balance of the sector. Only the transportation subsector performs positively and has accumulated trade surpluses. Brazilian exports and imports of all subsectors analyzed are concentrated in few countries. Among the main buyers of capital goods in Brazil are Argentina, the United States and Chile.


One of the most important exhaust emissions in diesel engines is nitrogen ox-ides (NOX). The most effective method in reducing NOX emissions is Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. Although it has been used in light and heavy-duty vehicles in Turkey for about 15 years, it has become used in all die-sel motor vehicles, including cars as of 2020 due to the changing emission regu-lations. In the SCR system, nitrogen oxide emissions are reduced to nitrogen and water by injection of the diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) to the catalytic reactor. In this study, the SCR system was installed in a single-cylinder diesel engine and the DEF injector characteristic was extracted and NOx conversion efficiency was examined in various injection quantities. The aim of this study is to provide the best NOx conversion by finding the optimum injection amount and to reduce the accumulation of urea in the system by obtaining minimum DEF consumption. In experimental studies, NOx conversion was examined according to the DEF con-sumed in various injection amounts of 40, 80, 160, 240, 320, 400 and 560 mg/s. In order to determine the minimum DEF and maximum NOx percentage reduc-tion, the reduction % in NOx emission was proportioned by the DEF injector mass flow rate (mg/s). The highest result was obtained with a value of 0.38 with 40 mg/s injection.