Two different physical systems are said to be thermodynamically equiv- alent if one of the thermodynamic potentials of the first system is pro- portional to the corresponding potential of the second system after expressing the state variables of the first system in terms of those of the second by a transformation reversible throughout the state pa- rameter domain. The thermodynamic equivalence has a transitive nature so that physical systems divide into classes of thermodynam- ically equivalent systems that have similar phase diagrams. A first class of thermodynamically equivalent systems is formed by the ideal classical and quantum Fermi gases, whatever the dimensions of the confining spaces, and the one dimensional hard rod gas. A second class is formed by the physical systems characterized by interactions that coincide by a scaling of the distance and the coupling constant. A third class is formed by the ideal Boses gases in arbitrary spatial dimensions. The thermodynamic equivalence can also be defined in a more general way. By so doing the first and the third class combine into a single class of thermodynamically equivalent systems.


X-RAY CONES are used in superficial therapy as handy means of limiting the field of irradiation. It is known that cones may affect the dose in comparison to that delivered without cone under otherwise identical circumstances. The literature on this subject appears scant. Some years ago one of us had shown how cones used for deep x-ray therapy reduced the dose. 1 Recently, Raventos and Schwarz 2 have called attention to the fact that the field, delimited by the lead diaphragm of the cone, is not of uniform intensity. Measurements on a modern x-ray machine for superficial therapy showed variations of the dose with and without cone. As the differences under certain circumstances were considerable, the results are herewith presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS The measurements were carried out on three Picker-Waite Zephyr units. Commercial cones of different field sizes were used—2.0, 2.5, 2.8, 7.5, 10, and 15 cm., respectively. The cones consist essentially of two parts: the diaphragm, a metal


The principle of duplication and comparison has proven very efficient for error detection in processor cores, since it can be applied as a generic solution for making virtually any type of core fail safe. A weakness of this approach, however, is the potential for common cause faults: Faults affecting both cores in the same way will escape detection. Shared resources and signals are especially prone to such effects. In practice the efforts for providing a redundant power source are often prohibitive, thus rendering the power supply such a shared resource. While a complete failure of the supply voltage can be relatively easily accommodated in a fail safe system, short pulses can have subtle consequences and are therefore much more dangerous. In this paper we will perform an experimental study of the potential of such power supply induced faults to create common cause effects. For this purpose we first study their effects on the operation of a processor core. In particular we will show that, when applied with the most adverse parameters, they tend to cause timing violations in the critical path. In two instances of the same core there is therefore a non-negligible risk of common cause effects. We will quantitatively assess this risk through fault injection experiments into an FPGA based dual core design.


The invention relates to a large speed-ratio magnetic gear, which comprises two single-level magnetic gears, wherein each single-level magnetic gear consists of an outer ring, an inner ring and an adjusting magnetic ring which is arranged in an annular cavity between the outer ring and the inner ring, the outer ring and the inner ring respectively consist of an iron core and a permanent magnet, the adjusting magnetic ring is a ring formed by an iron core tooth, and the large speed-ratio magnetic gear is characterized in that the first single-level magnetic gear is serially connected with the second single-level magnetic gear. Compared with the existing single-level magnetic gear, the large speed-ratio magnetic gear has remarkable substantial characteristics and remarkable advantages that: the speed ratio is a product of the speed ratios of the two single-level magnetic gears; and on the premise of realizing the same speed ratio, the outer diameter can be reduced, and the torque density can be higher.


This paper demonstrates a novel multi-motor condition monitoring scheme which can substantially reduce implementation cost for some industrial plants. The proposed multi-motor condition monitoring scheme builds on top of the technology implemented in modern Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) for motor protection and control. The backbone of this scheme is broadly accepted Ethernet technology and the IEC 61850 communication standard. Due to the widespread use of IEC 61850 in various industries, cost of the technology is significantly reduced while reliability has been improved.


AbstractEvolution of the water vapor budget from the tropical wave stage to the tropical cyclone stage is examined using a high-resolution numerical model simulation. The focus is on a time window from 27 h prior to genesis to 9 h after genesis, and the diagnoses are carried out in the framework of the marsupial paradigm. Analysis shows that the vertically integrated inward moisture flux accounts for a majority of the total condensation and that its fractional contribution increases from the tropical wave stage to the tropical cyclone stage. The fractional contribution of the local evaporation is much smaller and decreases from the tropical wave stage to the tropical cyclone stage. It is also shown that the radial moisture flux above 850 hPa is rather weak prior to genesis but increases significantly after genesis because of the deepening of the inflow layer. The decrease in the fractional contribution of the local evaporation, or the increase in the fractional contribution of the vertically integrated in...


In 1996, Congress passed the Line Item Veto Act (the Act) to strengthen the President's veto.1 Under the Constitution, the President may sign or veto only an entire bill. He may not veto particular items in a bill, while approving the remainder of the measure.2 This limitation substantially reduces the President's ability to prevent the enactment of individual spending items that he considers undesirable. Because spending bills frequently provide funds that permit the government to operate, the President often feels pressured to sign such bills even though they contain items that he opposes. The Act enables the President to avoid this dilemma by augmenting his power to reject individual spending items. Congress wanted to permit the President to veto individual spending items in a bill while approving the remainder of the measure. Because the Constitution prohibits Congress from passing legislation authorizing the President to veto individual spending items, however, Congress was forced to provide a substitute for the item veto. Thus, the Act allows the President to decline to enforce-or as the Act terms it, to cancel-individual spending items in a statute that he has signed.3 Although the Act is intended to enhance the President's veto, ironically the Act also contains a provision that reduces the power of the veto. Under the Act, the President receives the authority to cancel spending items only if he signs the bill that contains these items. If the President vetoes a spending bill and Congress overrides his veto, the President cannot then cancel items in the resulting spending law. Thus, the Act penalizes the President for vetoing a bill. This penalty may pressure the President to sign spending bills that he might otherwise veto. Although the President might prefer to veto a bill, he may sign it to preclude the possibility that Congress will override his veto and leave him without the authority to cancel individual spending items. The conferral of cancellation authority on the President if he signs a bill, but not if it passes over his veto, is an example of a veto burden. Veto burdens do not prohibit the President's exercise of his veto. Rather, they burden the President's veto by providing him with a statutory provision that he desires, such as cancellation authority, if he signs a bill, while depriving him of that provision if he vetoes the bill and Congress overrides his veto.4 In this respect, veto burdens resemble laws that impose "unconstitutional conditions." When government imposes an unconstitutional condition, it conditions the receipt of government benefits on an individual's decision not to exercise a constitutional right. When Congress imposes a veto burden, it generally conditions a statutory provision on the President's decision not to exercise his veto. In this Article, I argue that all veto burdens are unconstitutional for two independent reasons. First, veto burdens abridge the President's veto power. Veto burdens enable Congress to exercise additional leverage over the President's decision whether to veto a bill. Because the veto was intended as a check on the legislature, Congress should not be allowed to undermine that check. Second, veto burdens unconstitutionally delegate power to the President. The Act, for example, delegates to the President the decision whether he should have cancellation authority over a spending law. Under the Act, the President confers cancellation authority on himself if he signs a spending bill, but deprives himself of cancellation authority if he vetoes the bill and his veto is overridden. I argue that this delegation unconstitutionally confers legislative power on the President because it requires the President to use his veto, which is a legislative power, to determine whether he should have cancellation authority. I also argue that the delegation confers unlimited discretion on the President and therefore violates the nondelegation doctrine. …


The status and role of Italy's dialetti (dialects) in contemporary Italian society are contested among both citizens and sociolinguists, and their nuanced uses have begun to circulate (with commentary) around social media. This report adopts a citizen sociolinguistic approach (Rymes & Leone, this volume) to analyze a single controversial case about the Roman dialect via YouTube and Facebook, drawing on social media users' metacommentary and recontextualizations (Rymes, 2012) of an interview with two young women at the beach. Rather than attempting to identify static and isolated characteristics of the Roman dialect based on this interview, this report analyzes the social values and linguistic characteristics that citizen sociolinguists attribute to these young women's particular ways of speaking, acting, and being.


FIELD: communication systems. SUBSTANCE: method includes forming paging channel message combined with Walsh series with length not less than 2m, which is then sent at data transfer speed below 480 bits per second. By transmitting message of paging channel at low data transfer speed and integration of gathered energy message can penetrate into buildings and other structures or environments with high level of fading. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 4 cl, 6 dwg


Data are presented from a pilot investigation with managers and students. The Q-sort and a simple questionnaire were used to enable the individuals to express what importance their work had for them and to suggest what satisfactions they wished to obtain at work.


Universally available Internet and Web technologies support interactive learning environments for both on-campus and off-campus students in an introductory course in electrical engineering. This paper describes the rationale for the course and reports the results of scaling up online discussions from a 15-student on-campus honours section of the course taught during the fall semester of 1999 to a class of approximately 50 on-campus and off-campus students taught during the spring semester of 2000. The off-campus students comprised high-achieving high school students who enrolled in the course under a pilot offering of the Texas Tech University Early Admissions Program (EAP). An overview of the EAP and initial results of this pilot offering are discussed in the paper.


By the local density approximation with on-site Coulomb repulsion U LDA+U method with spin-orbit coupling LDA+U+SO the magnetic state and electronic structure have been investigated for plutonium in and phases and for the Pu compounds PuN, PuCoGa5, PuRh2, PuSi2, PuTe, and PuSb. In agreement with experiment we found for metallic plutonium in both phases a nonmagnetic ground state with Pu ions in f 6 configuration with zero values of spin, orbital, and total moments. This result is determined by a strong spin-orbit coupling in the 5f shell. It leads to the clear splitting of 5f states into f 5/2 and f 7/2 subbands even in the LDA calculation. The Fermi level is in a pseudogap between them, so that the f 5/2 subshell is already almost completely filled with six electrons before Coulomb correlation effects are taken into account. The competition between spin-orbit coupling and the exchange Hund interaction favoring a magnetic ground state in the 5f shell is so delicately balanced that a small increase less than 15% of the exchange interaction parameter value from JH=0.48 eV obtained in the constrained LDA calculation would result in a magnetic ground state with nonzero spin and orbital moment values. For the Pu compounds investigated in the present work, a predominantly f 6 configuration with nonzero magnetic moments was found in PuCoGa5, PuSi2, and PuTe, while PuN, PuRh2, and PuSb have the f 5 configuration with sizable magnetic moment values. Whereas the pure jjcoupling scheme was found to be valid for metallic plutonium, an intermediate coupling scheme is needed to describe the 5f shell in Pu compounds. The results of our calculations show that the exchange interaction term in the Hamiltonian should be treated in a general matrix form for Pu and its compounds.


This paper focuses on investigation of the effects of the presence of bearing bed and reinforced soil foundation (RSF), the vertical reinforcement spacing and reinforcement stiffness, and subgrade ...


The production area of the Protected Denomination of Origin (P.D.O.) "Siurana" olive oils can be divided into two regions: "Montsant" and "Camp de Tarragona", with different orography, soil characteristics and climatic conditions. As a result of these differences, the oils have variable stability. Here we show that excitation-emission fluorescence can detect these variations. Oils from the "Montsant" region (more stable) show more fluorescence intensity above 500 nm (due to vitamin E) and less below 500 nm (due to oxidation products) than those from the "Camp de Tarragona" region. Discrimination between oils from the two P.D.O. "Siurana" regions was achieved by means of discriminant unfold partial least squares regression, giving a percentage of correct classification of 94 % for "Siurana-Camp" and 100 % for "Siurana-Montsant" oils.


In recent years, mental dysfunction among the elderly has been on the rise, and psychotropic medications have accordingly increased. Psychotropic drugs can cause side effects such as metabolic disturbances and electrolyte abnormalities, with hyperglycaemia and hyponatraemia being frequent. However, some case reports of psychotropic-induced hyperglycaemia and psychotropic-induced hyponatraemia have not been attributed to psychotropic drugs. Such misleading case reports are often attributed to decreased fluid volume in the elderly. Hyperglycaemia and hyponatraemia in the elderly are more likely to occur with dehydration. In psychiatric practice, life-threatening hyperglycaemic emergencies may be induced by atypical antipsychotics (AAs). Hyperglycaemic emergencies include diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic syndrome (HHS), with HHS being more common in the elderly. Recently, an elderly bipolar patient was reported to have developed HHS as a side effect of lurasidone. This report speculated that lurasidone may induce insulin deficiency as well as insulin resistance. Lurasidone may induce insulin resistance through serotonin 5HT2A inhibition, but this effect is not particularly strong compared to other AAs. In addition, lurasidone does not directly decrease insulin secretion by acting on beta cells. Rather, this patient had type 2 diabetes mellitus and was on tube feeding, a risk factor for HHS. When fluid intake is inadequate, older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on tube feeding could develop HHS. In this case, the patient had difficulty controlling body fluid volume due to deterioration of mental status, and lurasidone was administered at that time, which may have led to the misleading notion that HHS occurred as a side effect of lurasidone. Hyperglycaemic emergencies due to AAs usually occur as DKA, not HHS, based on atypical diabetes mellitus, which is neither type 1 nor type 2, due to the endoplasmic reticulum stress response that temporarily stops insulin secretion. Since there are no reports of lurasidone inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in beta cells, it can be assumed that the severe hyperglycaemia in this case was due to dehydration, and if lurasidone had been used with attention to the patient's fluid level and the amount and rate of tube feeding, the hyperglycaemic emergency might not have occurred. Duloxetine is used with increasing frequency to treat depression and chronic pain in the elderly. Recently, it has been reported that the use of duloxetine in depressed elderly patients with chronic pain can cause significant hyponatraemia due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). The laboratory data in these cases are consistent as SIADH, but the course of treatment is not consistent with SIADH. The reported cases are severe hyponatraemia without impaired consciousness or convulsive seizures, thus chronic hyponatraemia. Treatment was intravenous infusion, with a relatively rapid rate of sodium replacement. Treatment of chronic hyponatraemia due to SIADH should prioritise fluid restriction and not rapid correction with sodium infusion. Of course, hypertonic saline infusion may be necessary to treat cerebral oedema in SIADH, but only during acute critical periods such as convulsions or loss of consciousness. Elderly people have a reduced ability to retain sodium due to a dysfunctional renin-angiotensin system. In addition, brain dysfunction causes cerebral saltwasting syndrome (CSWS), a central diuresis, resulting in hyponatraemia. SIADH and CSWS are difficult to differentiate because of the similar clinical manifestations and laboratory values. One way to distinguish between these two entities is by injecting normal saline and seeing how the hyponatraemia responds. In SIADH, saline infusion aggravates hyponatraemia, which is corrected by fluid restriction. In CSWS, on the other hand, hyponatraemia improves with fluid infusion and sodium supplementation. The cited cases reported as SIADH due to duloxetine improved with sodium supplementation, so dehydration, not SIADH, is likely


Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) affects approximately 3 million people worldwide [1], and yet its pathophysiology is poorly understood. In the lung, lack of alpha-1 antitrypsin leads to proteolytic damage to the connective tissue matrix, resulting in emphysema in approximately 75% of PiZZ patients [2]. Point mutations lead to altered folding of the protein during biosynthesis, resulting in misfolded proteins being retained within hepatocytes [3]. The aggregation of antitrypsin polymers within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of liver cells forms periodic acid-Schiff positive inclusions, which cause endoplasmic reticular stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and trigger autophagy. Hepatocytes with less abundance of mutant Z protein proliferate, and this chronic cycle of cell death and regeneration activates hepatic stellate cells and initiates hepatic fibrosis [4], although the true mechanism of injury is yet to be fully elucidated . A conundrum in AATD remains the phenotypic variability in both lung and liver disease. Children may experience jaundice during infancy but have no further complications, whilst others develop liver cirrhosis and require liver transplantation. The ability to predict which individuals are at highest risk of developing significant liver disease would be useful clinically for prognostic purposes, planning of clinical services, and influencing lifestyle behaviors where appropriate. For example, in AATD-related lung disease, cigarette smoking is the greatest predictor of lung function deterioration, and so smoking cessation is strongly advised in these individuals. Here we summarize the patterns of presentation and prognosis in AATD-related liver disease in children and adults, and review the evidence for factors which may be influential in disease progression.


The invention relates to an automatic monitoring and alarming system for vehicle traffic safety. The automatic monitoring and alarming system comprises a vehicle-mounted system, a group vehicle monitoring system and a wireless communication system, wherein the vehicle-mounted system is arranged inside a vehicle, the group vehicle monitoring system administrates vehicles, and the wireless communication system keeps real-time communication between the vehicle-mounted system and the group vehicle monitoring system. The vehicle-mounted system is connected with a camera module, a sound pickup, a flammable and combustible material detection module, a GPS module, a vehicle control unit, an alarming system and the wireless communication system. When the vehicle-mounted system finds that the vehicle is about to or has been stolen, the group vehicle monitoring system is automatically informed through the wireless communication system, and the group vehicle monitoring system is made to inform the public security and group related personnel while the alarming system is made to work; the group vehicle monitoring system achieves vehicle control in an automatic intelligence or artificial direct intervention mode through the wireless communication system in necessity, and safety of a driver and safety of legal workers on the vehicle are protected to the maximum extent. The automatic monitoring and alarming system can rescue vehicles in danger through the group and the public security in time.


In recent years the importance of corporate social responsibility has increased and there has been an expansion of initiatives and voluntary tools for a transparent evaluation and communication of the performance of the banking sector. In this regard, the Mexican government raises the need to define a proposal to adjust its regulatory action through a financial reform. The purpose of this text is to analyze the current financial reform in terms of social responsibility of the banking sector established in Mexico. The main conclusions of the analysis show convergences between the initiatives, principles and dimensions of social responsibility with the content of the financial reform; however, although significant progress has been made in the banking sector of the country, there are still outstanding issues regarding the role of the State in the economy.


Cr content in normal soil and that polluted by Cr as well as in megranate growing on the test soils were analyzed in Panxi District.The results showed that for the Datian Megranate Planting Base in Panzhihua City,the Cr content changed from 23.1 to 504 mg/kg in soil with a high average up to 184 mg/kg and 26% over the standard.While the Cr content in the megranate,according to the test lasting for two years,was from 0.0012 to 0.067 mg/kg with an average of 0.016 mg/kg which was much lower than the standard(0.5mg/kg)and none over the standard.In soils of Megranate Planting Base of Huili,the Cr content was from 34.5 to 99.1 mg/kg with an average of 69.0 mg/kg and none over the standard.The Cr content in megranate was between 0.0075 and 0.104 mg/kg with an average of 0.024 mg/kg,which was much lower than the corresponding production standard(0.5mg/kg)and none over the standard.According to the morphological analysis,more than 99% of Cr in soil exists as residues which could not be absorbed by plants.Therefore,in spite of high total Cr content in soil,little Cr could be absorbed by plants.That is why the Cr polluted soil may produce megranate without Cr pollution.


c-Abl is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that we have recently linked to growth factor receptor signaling. The c-Abl kinase is ubiquitously expressed and localizes to the cytoplasm, plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, and nucleus. Thus, c-Abl may regulate signaling processes in multiple subcellular compartments. Targeted deletion or mutation of c-Abl in mice results in a variety of phenotypes, including splenic and thymic atrophy and lymphopenia. Additionally, lymphocytes isolated from specific compart-ments of c-Abl mutant mice have reduced responses to a variety of stimuli and an increased susceptibility to apoptosis following growth factor deprivation. Despite these observations, little is known regarding the signaling mechanisms responsible for these phenotypes. We report here that splenic B cells from c-Abl-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to the proliferative effects of B cell Ag receptor (BCR) stimulation. The c-Abl kinase activity and protein levels are elevated in the cytosol following activation of the BCR in B cell lines. We show that c-Abl associates with and phosphorylates the BCR coreceptor CD19, and that c-Abl and CD19 colocalize in lipid membrane rafts. These data suggest a role for c-Abl in the regulation of B cell proliferation downstream of the BCR, possibly through interactions with CD19. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 165: 6872–6879. we demonstrate that the levels of c-Abl tyrosine kinase are elevated in the cytosol following BCR engagement. Significantly, B cells derived from abl 2 knockout mice exhibit an impaired proliferative response following BCR engagement compared with cells derived from wild-type mice. Our results establish that c-Abl is a downstream target of the BCR complex and may modulate BCR signaling events via interactions with CD19.


Dear Editor: We read with great interest the paper published by Peerbooms et al, which intended to determine the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) compared with corticosteroid injection for chronic plantar fasciitis. In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, the authors enrolled 115 patients—63 in the PRP group and 52 in the steroid group. They found that there were more patients with 25% improvement in the Foot Function Index (FFI) pain score at the end of the 12 months of follow-up in the PRP group compared with the steroid group. However, there was no difference in quality of life at the end of 1 year between the 2 groups, as scored with the short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). It was an interesting and clinically relevant study to evaluate the effectiveness of a relatively newer nonoperative therapeutic modality for chronic plantar fasciitis. However, we have certain concerns regarding the methodology of the study and the results, which, if addressed, will clarify the doubts of readers. First, were patients with chronic bilateral plantar fasciitis also included in the study, or were only unilateral cases enrolled? This information is not clear from the manuscript. Second, it was mentioned that 5 to 6 mL of 40 mg/mL triamcinolone acetate was used in the steroid group, amounting to 200 to 240 mg of drug per injection. The usual amount that is injected in clinical practice, as has also been mentioned in the literature, is 40 to 80 mg per injection. With such a large amount of steroid injection, the chances of serious local adverse effects like plantar fat pad atrophy and plantar fascia rupture could be worrisome. Also, most clinical studies have reported injecting steroid mixed with a local anesthetic for plantar fasciitis. In the current study, although it was mentioned that 0.05 mL of bupivacaine was injected at the point of maximum tenderness in both groups prior to drug injection, the actual amount of local anesthetic use was not mentioned. Moreover, it was mentioned that 0.05 mL of platelet concentrate was obtained for each patient from the disposable cylinders of the Gravitational Platelet Separation (GPS) system (Zimmer Biomet). This appears to be a typographical error as the manual of the aforementioned instrument mentions the output to be 6 mL. Furthermore, the sample size remaining in the steroid group for analysis at the end of the 1-year follow-up was 36, which was less than the calculated sample size of 42. This should be mentioned in the Discussion as the results need to be interpreted with caution owing to a smaller sample size for analysis of the results. Also, the stretching protocol followed in the 2 groups, although similar, was not mentioned in the article. It could have been included for better understanding of the readers and to improve reproducibility of the said results. We hope that the authors consider these factors and provide a reasonable explanation on the aforementioned points to make the article more understandable to the readers.


T H E FACTS.—The accused, Inga Naylor, was charged in count one of an indictment with larceny, contrary to section 2 of the Larceny Act, 1916. The particulars of that count were that the accused on June 30, i960, on a British aircraft in flight over the high seas stole three rings. Her counsel moved to quash the count on the ground that this was not an offence known to English law for which this accused could be tried in England. Section 62 (1) of the Civil Aviation Act, 1949, provides:


Adsorption and activation of ethene, ethyne, and formaldehyde by copper and silver sites in ZSM-5 are reinspected by quantitative assessment of the donation and backdonation processes between the three molecules and either models comprising bare cations (M+) or the cations embedded in zeolite framework (M(I)). ETS-NOCV analysis (decoupling the deformation density upon substrate bonding into independent components) reveals two predominant channels for electron transfer between adsorbed molecule and a cation or a cationic site, namely π*-backdonation from metal d orbitals to π* antibonding orbital of a substrate and σ-donation from π bonding or lone pair orbitals of the substrate to the cation. Alternative fragmentation of a complex modeling the cation embedded in zeolitic framework, treated as a three-part entity, allows for extracting predominant electron transfer channels from framework oxygens to the cation with bound substrate, namely, opposing σ-donation and supporting π*-backdonation. Critical analys...


The RT homozygotes, 10 lines of 108 (Pei-ko), 7 lines of 521 (Kissin) and 10 lines of 504 (Taichung No. 65) were tested in a randomized block experiment. Various agronomic characters which are controlled by p. olygenes were measured and variance analysis was made. It was found that the translocation lines are generally homogeneous in agronomic characters and may be regarded as having the same genotype for translocation. However, translocation may sometimes be accompanied by genic changes. It was assumed, further, that the translocation method may be used to some extent for locating quantitative charadters on chromosomes. Literature cited


Objective To discuss three methods to treat intra-articular calcaneal fractures with malunion, and to investigate the indications and significances of the operative treatment. Methods From June 2002 to March 2004, 28 intra-articular calcaneal fractures with malunion patients (26 males and 2 females, 30 feet) suffered operations. The average age of these patients was 39.2 years old (range, 23-59 years). The malunion happened at left feet in 15 patients, right feet in 11, and bilateral feet in 2. The mean duration between injury and operation was 3.3 months (range, 2-5 months). All cases used improved "L" incisions at lateral of heels. 13 patients (14 cases) did open reduction and internal fixation; 9 patients (10 cases) operated calcaneal osteotomy to reserve subtalar joint and correct deformity with apophysis excision, then used internal fixations; 6 patients (6 cases) used correct deformity with apophysis excision, calcaneal cumulus reconstruction and subtalar arthrodesis. The calcaneal lateral and axial X-ray and CT films were got to measure the B?觟hler angle, Gissane angle, calcaneal width and axial length, and height of calcaneal body-thalamic portion before and after operation. There were siginificant differences at all index before and after operation(P 0.01). Results 29 feet in 30 feet were primarily healing, one infective foot delayed healed after treatment. The follow-up period was from 10 months to 29 months (average 15.6 months). According to American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) Maryland score's standard: 7 cases were excellent, 19 cases were good, 3 cases were fair, and only 1 case was poor. The score was 32 preoperatively, 83 postoperatively, the average improvement was 51. The excellent and good rate was 86.7%. Conclusion The operations of intra-articular calcaneal fractures with malunion should be chosen according to the pathological character of deformity to get significant curative effects.


We describe a case involving a partially thrombosed large vertebral artery (VA)-posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm presenting with hemifacial spasm. The intraoperative findings revealed the cause of the hemifacial spasm was compression of the root exit zone of the facial nerve by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, which was displaced by the aneurysm . Clipping of the aneurysm neck and decompression of the facial nerve were successfully performed by neuroendoscopy-assisted microneurosurgery.


This paper presents the development of the financial analysis process for industrial engineering capstone design projects at Mississippi State University. In Design of Industrial Systems, project teams perform a comprehensive venture analysis of a manufactured product, including market analysis, site selection, process analysis, methods analysis, material handling, facility layout, and financial analysis. Early in the semester the client (instructor) provides a letter of authorization to the project teams in which project requirements are formally transmitted, including the financial analyses that are expected. The projects culminate with oral presentations to a group of practicing engineers and managers, who evaluate the projects for the client. The involvement of a corporate development director to bring the reality of corporate venture analysis to the financial analysis of the student projects is the latest course process improvement, and is the focus of this paper. BACKGROUND Design of Industrial Systems is the five-hour capstone design course in the industrial engineering curriculum. The course consists of two lecture hours and eight laboratory hours per week. It is comprised of project teams, typically 4-6 students per team. Each team performs a comprehensive venture analysis of a manufactured product, including market analysis, site selection, facilities layout, process analysis for fabricated parts, methods analysis for assembly line design, material handling and financial analysis. The design teams choose their own products; however, the products must contain significant fabrication and assembly content. The Design of Industrial Systems course instructor acts as both the client and mentor to the project teams, with the client presented as a non-engineer entrepreneur. In order to provide a reasonable project scope, the client provides guidance to the project team concerning product complexity. Each member of the project team is responsible for two functional areas. The functional areas and pairings are determined by the client/instructor in attempt to balance work loads throughout the semester. The team, however, determines the assignment of team members to functional pairs. Each project begins with the client letter of authorization that outlines project parameters, expectations and deliverables. Each team selects both a team leader and project manager. The team leader is responsible for all team activities and provides leadership as necessary to achieve team goals. The project manager, in consultation with the team leader as needed, is responsible for project scheduling, budgeting, and cost monitoring and reporting. More


That cornerstone is a carryover from the two-generation Cabibbo angle, λ = sin(θCabibbo) = Vus. Its value is a critical ingredient in determinations of the other parameters and in tests of CKM unitarity. Unfortunately, the precise value of λ has been somewhat controversial in the past, with kaon decays suggesting [4] λ 0.220 while hyperon decays [5] and indirect determinations via nuclear β-decays imply a somewhat larger λ 0.225 − 0.230. That discrepancy is often discussed in terms of a deviation from the unitarity requirement


Three jet events arising from decays of the Z bo-son, collected by the DELPHI detector, were used to measure differences in quark and gluon fragmentation. Gluon jets were anti-tagged by identifying b quark jets. Unbiased quark jets came from events with two jets plus one photon. Quark and gluon jet properties in different energy ranges were compared for the first time within the same detector. Quark and gluon jets of nearly the same energy in symmetric three jet event topologies were also compared. Using three independent methods, the average value of the ratio of the mean charged multiplicities of gluon and quark jets is < r >= 1.241 ± 0.015 (stat.) ± 0.025 (syst.). Gluon jets are broader and produce fragments with a softer energy spectrum than quark jets of equivalent energy. The string effect has been observed in fully symmetric three jet events. The measured ratio R γ of the charged particle flow in the qq inter-jet region of the q ¯ qg and q ¯ qγ samples agrees with the perturbative QCD expectation. The dependence of the mean charged multiplicity on the hadronic center-of-mass energy was analysed in photon plus n-jet events. The value for α s (M Z) determined from these data using a QCD prediction with corrections at leading and next-to-leading order is α s (M Z) = 0.116 ± 0.003 (stat.) ± 0.009 (syst.).


The family history data obtained from patients with manic depressive psychosis was evaluated to find out the mode of inheritance. The results suggested an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance. The scope of molecular genetics in understanding the nature of inheritance of manic depressive psychosis is indicated.


The Riemannian Augmented Lagrangian Method (RALM), a recently proposed algorithm for nonsmooth optimization problems on Riemannian manifolds, has consistently exhibited high efficiency as evidenced in prior studies \cite{ZBDZ21,ZBD22}. It often demonstrates a rapid local linear convergence rate. However, a comprehensive local convergence analysis of the RALM under more realistic assumptions, notably without the imposition of the uniqueness assumption on the multiplier, remains an uncharted territory. In this paper, we introduce the manifold variational sufficient condition and demonstrate that its strong version is equivalent to the manifold strong second-order sufficient condition (M-SSOSC) in certain circumstances. Critically, we construct a local dual problem based on this condition and implement the Euclidean proximal point algorithm, which leads to the establishment of the linear convergence rate of the RALM. Moreover, we illustrate that under suitable assumptions, the M-SSOSC is equivalent to the nonsingularity of the generalized Hessian of the augmented Lagrangian function, which is an essential attribute for the semismooth Newton-type methods.


The present work presents the simulator of costs logistics for the rail module. This simulator was developed seeking to identify an operational model that indicates the consumption of rail on the railway, based on the wear and tear accomplished by the future demands. The model verifies the peculiarities of the operations of rail maintenance, analysing their respective characteristics in the search of a better understanding of the relationships between the consumptions and the transport program. For his/her elaboration statistical techniques were used, together with historical data of the road and developed algorithms for projection of the load to be transported in the future, based on the demands foreseen by the customers. Other benefits of the modelling have been the possibilities of a better control of the scheduling of the maintenance activities to be accomplished on the line and the identification of the actual causes of the required maintenance. For a better visualisation of their characteristics and with the intention of demonstrating the applicability of the model, a projection of consumption of rail of the Ferrovia Vitoria-Minas was developed for the next few years.


Based on MCF5272 and uClinux Operating System,this paper introduces how to design the PTZ control system,and implement it in Webcamera.


In 78 patients, representing 10% of the most severe cases of chronic otitis media and in whom the mucosa from the promontory had been removed or severely damaged, the promontory was covered in one-stage mastoidectomy-tympanoplasty with a large piece of thin silastic or of Gelfilm.® The results in the silastic group, comprising 50 patients, and in the Gelfilm® group, comprising 28 patients, were compared on the basis of various criteria. The results proved better in the Gelfilm® group. In particular, the percentage of recurrent perforations was considerably lower than in the silastic group. In one-stage operations, which we prefer, it is therefore recommended to use Gelfilm® rather than silastic.


VILLAGE POULTRY PRODUCTION IN THE SUDAN. A survey form provided by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division was used to collect data on village poultry production in the Sudan. The production system in the households was based on scavenging indigenous domestic chickens, at times accompanied by pigeons, guinea fowls, ducks or turkeys. The average flock size was 18.8 birds and included 44.3% hens, 10% cocks, 20% growers and 24.8% chicks. The hen to cock ratio was 4.4:1. Average egg production was 3.1 per hen per month, of which 76% were incubated by hens. About 78% of incubated eggs hatched of which 75% survived the brooding period. Approximately half of the households provided the chickens with housing. Around 25.7% of interviewed households used chicken manure as fertilizer. While scavenging, chickens fed on insects, grass, vegetables and kitchen wastes. Feed supplements included sorghum, millet and sometimes wheat bran and alfalfa. The ownership of village chickens was shared between all gender categories and all were involved in the management of the birds. The major constraints to village poultry production in the Sudan were identified and included inadequate health care, poor production, inappropriate housing and poor knowledge of poultry management.


The article presents the Nature-based socio-emotional approach and science education for primary school child as a necessary relation on two levels. At the conceptual level the approach is analysed through the prism of the cumulative effects of nature and society to the cognitive and socio-emotional development of the child's personality: in primary school age cognitive and emotional-volitional mental processes are socially predetermined and have the essence of a result. At the applied level, the Nature-based socio-emotional approach is analysed through active learning in nature as an authentic learning environment – the focus is on the acquisition of knowledge, the formation of cognitive and socio-emotional skills to overcome consumer culture and sustainable development of nature. In this regard, the effects of active learning are viewed in sync with the learning environment, which collectively generate added value to learning and become a kind of "key" to creating a modern vision of science education in primary school today .


Abstract After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the former Soviet countries emerged and became independent and began the transition from centrally—planned economy to a market economy. This paper presents a case study of Kazakhstan. This paper aims to review of the transport sector in the Kazakhstan aims to assess the current condition and performance of transport systems and to identify key issues and underlying causes. The paper principally covers development of transportation, condition of current situation, including institutional arrangements, legal and regulatory issues, operation of public transport systems, traffic management, and parking, and less extensively hardware aspects, such as construction of road network. Kazakhstan is located in the heart of Eurasia and plays key role in the logistics between Asia and Europe, in so called "Modern Silk Road". Statistics, analytical materials and legislative frameworks were translated from the references that are in Kazakh and Russian language into English and it brings value to this manuscript. This paper creates different prospectives for future research of transportation modes and infrastructure in Kazakhstan region and central Asia. The research was undertaken to assist researchers and transportation planners to define and comprehend the basic views of transportation.


AbstrAct | The spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is an in-herited disorder that leads to progressive degeneration of the cerebellum and its pathways with impairments of balance and other functions. Physical therapy studies for SCA treatment and their methodological quality were examined. We also investigated if the benefits achieved with treatment can be retained. The interventions iden-tified included balance, gait and coordination training; strengthening; weights around the limbs during exercise and transcranial magnetic stimulation. The long-term im-provements were related to the degree of SCA evolution and the continuity of exercise practice. Nevertheless, further studies with higher scientific accuracy are neces -sary to elect the best physical therapy approaches for SCA patients.Keywords | spinocerebellar ataxia; physiotherapy; hereditary ataxia.rEsUMO | A ataxia espinocerebelar (SCA) e uma afeccao hereditaria que cursa com a degeneracao progressiva do cerebelo e suas vias, causando alteracoes do equilibrio e de outras funcoes. O efeito das abordagens da fisioterapia no tratamento da SCA e a qualidade metodologica des-ses estudos foram analisados. Foi investigado ainda se os beneficios alcancados com o tratamento sao retidos. As intervencoes encontradas incluem treino do equilibrio, marcha e coordenacao; fortalecimento; caneleiras nos membros durante exercicios e aplicacao de estimulacao


A greatest threat to species diversity worldwide is the loss of suitable habitat. Human activities affect species dynamics and further influence species diversity by changing habitat. We have extended Tilman's n-population model to multi-time scale n-population competition model at the first time by introducing periodic time function, which has been used to simulate and forecast the responses of species diversity to human periodic activities at different time scales. For simplification, we have only simulated the response of species diversity to human activities at millenary scales and carried out a preliminary study on the quantitative forecast of species diversity. The results of simulation and forecast show that: (1) during the first 1/4 cycle (i.e., habitat decreasing), the effects of human-caused habitat loss on superior competitors are more significant than inferior ones. Furthermore, the adaptabilities of inferior competitors to habitat destruction are much stronger than those of superior ones; (2) during 1/4 to 1/2 cycle (i.e., habitat being restored, but decreasing in total area contrast to the initial), the originally most superior competitors such as species 1 and 2 are not sensitive to habitat restoration. Habitat restoration is propitious to the abundances of original superior competitors such as species 3, 4 and 5 to recover and increase, and makes the original inferior competitors such as species 6,7,8,9 and 10 decline; (3) during the former half of a cycle, the amplitudes of the responses of species dynamics are smaller than those during the second half of a cycle. The effects of human periodic activities on species abundance in the process of decreasing in habitat are less significant than those in the process of increasing in habitat; (4) during a full cycle, the responses of species dynamics also oscillate quasi-periodically due to periodic human activities. No species will die out, but the species abundances and the competitive rank will change a lot, which lead to the change of the metapopulation structure; (5) when human periodic activities only persist for 1/4 cycle, the first strongest and second strongest species will go extinct, while other species will oscillate quasi-periodically with small amplitudes. Finally, we have simulated the effects of human periodic activities of different intensities and the results indicate that the higher the intensity of human activities is, the larger the amplitude of species response is. Moreover, the stronger the species is, the bigger the amplitude of species dynamics response is.


This paper addresses the "elegant" anti-disturbance control (EADC) problem for complex systems with multiple disturbances. First, we briefly review the "classical" control methodologies for disturbance attenuation and rejection problems. Then, we summarize the recent progresses of disturbance observer based control (DOBC). It is noted that most of above methodologies focus on systems with the single disturbance. To reduce the conservertiveness, we classified and modelled the multiple disturbances, and presented a composite anti-disturbance control with hierarchical achitecture-Composite Hierarchical Anti-Disturbance Control (CHADC). CHADC has two layers: the inner layer includes the disturbance observer and the compensator in feedforward path; the outer layer includes the controller with disturbance attenuation and other performance in feedback path.


Agap seems to exist between present theory of international regional integration and political reality. The theory explains, generalizes about, or predicts regional integration almost exclusively on the basis of processes and factors internal to the region under consideration. When theory considers phenomena outside the region, they usually appear as residual categories which are left insufficiently examined and about which we know little. Moreover, theory has remained relatively silent about the role of the superpowers.


Marriage is one of the most important aspects of Human life. Here in this write-up various aspects of Muslim marriage. The laws relating to marriage should known by the Muslims as an indicator to live a moral and legal life. However the knowledge of laws has a vast impact on the civilized life of Muslim. This research is designed to grasp the proper information of laws related to Muslim marriage. This research are conducted in order to determine the legal and beyond aspect of Muslim marriage with its effects. The research is expected to benefit our next generation so that they will be able to gather knowledge regarding marriage to live their life with the light of Quran and laws of the land. Now-a-days as a bad impact of globalization "same sex marriage" trend has started again in the world which indicated "transgresses the limits" of nature in the eye of Islam. Now it is the high time to create awareness among the generations with the knowledge of personal laws as well as laws of Bangladesh relating to marriage which help all of us to achieve the welfare and as a whole of the world.


This study using literature data, questionnaire and mathematical statistics to investigate the current status of students taking part in physical exercise. Study found that: Shanxi Vocational College students participate in physical exercise to fitness and entertainment features based, but the intensity and frequency of participation was significantly lower; male student attitudes towards physical activity was significantly higher than female students; projects in the exercise, male students tend antagonism and strength class sports, female students tend to fitness classes and Netted against class sport; lack of venues and equipment, inadequate publicity, poor awareness of physical exercise is restricting students participate in physical exercise a major factor.


The design, fabrication and performance of a high-track-density disk head with a coupled-film, magnetoresistive read section and single-turn write section are discussed. Based on observed output voltages, it is concluded that track densities considerably greater than 1000 tracks/cm (2500 tpi) are feasible.


US/Na5[Ce(ZrMo11O39)]·xH2O system was used for degradation of the acidic-green B(AGB) dye wastewater and the heteropoly salt obtained was characterized by infrared spectroscopy(IR) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The influences of the mass concentration of heteropoly salt,the initial mass concentration of AGB dye,ultrasonic power and ultrasonic frequency on the ultrasonic degradation were investigated with the synthesized Na5[Ce(ZrMo11O39)]·xH2O heteropoly salt as the catalyst.The results show that the heteropoly salt is in Keggin structure and US/Na5[Ce(ZrMo11O39)]·xH2O system can effectively degrade AGB dye solution;the degradation efficiency of AGB solution can reach 86.9% after 60 min irradiation under the conditions of dye mass concentration 10 mg/L,the mass concentration of the heteropoly salt 0.8 g/L,ultrasonic power 100 W,and ultrasonic frequency 45 kHz.The results provide a reference for the ultrasound degradation of organic pollutants in water with heteropoly salt in the future.


Understanding the conventional associations of the same color in diffe rent cultural backgrounds is important for avoiding pragmatic mistakes. A compar ative study of the same color in Eastern and Western cultures may help beginners learn more about social culture and trans-cultural differences.


The functions and protocols of network layer of HF radio network are studied,and a modular architecture to implement network layer software is presented.After analysing shortcomings of the traditional implementation method which is based on procedure invocation,the paper suggests another method which is based on message exchange.Then the paper introduces a software development toolkit,ACE,which can help us to develop network layer software using message exchange.Finally,the paper shows how to use ACE to implement network layer software and discusses the performance of the modular method based on message exchange.


this research is based on students' activity in social science learning phenomena in grade IVB at SDN Barengkrajan II. It is marked and started by the test result which is still below the minimum completeness criteria. The minimum completeness criteria used by the school is 80. In the learning process of Social Sciences, teachers tend to apply the lecture method in learning. The purpose of this research was to improve student's activity and learning outcomes by applying scientific approach in Social Sciences learning in term of Nationalism and Patriotism Attitude theory. This research method was Classroom Action Research (CAR). This research was conducted in two cycles. The subjects of the study were students of grade IVB, consisting of 32 students. Results from cycle I is seen from the results of student evaluation. The percentage reached 55% with sufficient category while in the second cycle it has increased to 95% with good category. Based on the results of research can be concluded that the application of scientific approach can increase the activity and students' learning outcomes of IVB grader on learning Social Sciences in case of nationalism and patriotism material.


Design and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the pre-menopausal women of the Zou tribe of Manipur, Northeast India. 126 adult females were studied cross-sectionally. The subjects were between the ages 15–40years. Anthropometric measurements like body weight, height, hip circumference, waist circumference were taken by standard techniques of Weiner & Lourie (1981). The age at menarche was recorded by recall method. The subjects were classifi ed into early, average and late menarche on the basis of the percentile distribution of the menarcheal age.


Eugenics Old and New. new formations 60The twenty-first century is seeing a continuous, and increasingly bold, biotechnological revolution with the potential to do away with one of humankind's most basic expectations - the expectation of an unmodified genetic inheritance. In wealthy parts of the world, the processes of human reproduction are being radically transformed, while some of our most serious diseases are increasingly seen as predictable and manipulable. But do such technical innovations also risk bringing a new approach to eugenics into being? Today those with the ability to pay the price are discovering that genes are a highly desirable commodity in a new type of consumer culture. The new eugenics is no longer the state eugenics of the first half of the twentieth century, which sought public policies that encouraged the 'fittest' to breed, or laws that segregated the 'feebleminded'. Instead, twenty-first century eugenics is the domain of informed, wealthy private consumers, looking to maximise their individual life chances and those of their offspring. This issue re-examines the complex history of eugenics and explores the extent to which the contemporary focus on genetics and biotechnology is ushering in a new eugenic future in which the category of the human is itself fundamentally at risk.


This article looks at Ivan Vladislavić's literary explorations of the urban in post-apartheid South Africa, notably those concentrating on and around the city of Johannesburg, drawing examples from The Restless Supermarket (2001), Portrait with Keys: the City of Johannesburg Unlocked (2006), and The Exploded View (2004). Reading Vladislavić, the article traces the writer's involvement with categories, methods and cartographies through which urbanity and urban life after apartheid could be addressed and understood. A point of departure for the discussion is the epistemological crisis of the late 1960s and early 1970s, which challenged the positivist policy in urban research, thereby destabilising the intellectual foundations of urban as well as literary studies concentrating on urbanism. The analysis, recognising the inadequacy of the earlier categories related to the concept of the bounded city, concentrates on a search for new ways of knowing and investigating the increasingly complex


1. The first two experiments were similar; pullets were given either a low-manganese diet, 6–7 μg/g, or a high-Mn diet containing an additional 50 μgMn/g; shell thickness as measured by weight per unit area was obtained for the first four and the last four eggs produced during a short laying period and the Mn contents of the first two and last two eggs were determined. 2. Shell thickness was significantly reduced by the low-Mn diet in Expt 1, but not in Expt 2. In both experiments there was an increase in thickness from the first four to the last four shells produced. 3. The Mn content of eggs from birds given the low-Mn diet was significantly lower in both experiments than that from birds given the high-Mn diet. In Expt 1 there was an increase in Mn content from the first to the last eggs laid, but no corresponding change occurred in Expt 2. 4. The differences between the results of the two experiments are discussed; they were probably due to differences in the time for which the experimental diets were given before laying began. 5. In Expt 3 pullets were given the high-Mn or low-Mn diet from about 4 weeks before laying began or the high-Mn diet to the point-of-lay and then the low-Mn diet. Shell thickness was determined in batches of six eggs from each bird at intervals during a 6- to 7-month laying period. 6. Shell thickness was depressed by the low-Mn diet in birds given this diet 4 weeks before laying but not in those given the low-Mn diet from the point-of-lay. 7. In Expt 4 shell thickness was determined on the first thirty eggs laid by four pullets given the high-Mn diet and four given the low-Mn diet from about 4 weeks before starting to lay. The difference between shells from birds given the high-Mn and low-Mn diets just failed to reach significance and there was no significant increase or decrease in the series of thirty shells from each bird, studied in successive groups of six shells.


Descartes was a dualist and Spinoza a monist. If this marks a contrast between them, there ought to be a question to which Descartes's answer was 'two' and Spinoza's 'one'. (a) How many substances are there? Spinoza: 'One.' Descartes: 'Strictly speaking, one; but if we relax the criteria for substantiality a little, millions.' On no interpretation of the question did Descartes answer, 'Two.' (b) How many basic kinds of substance are there? Descartes: 'Two.' Spinoza: 'Two; though there is only one substance, and it is of both kinds.' Descartes is usually called a dualist because he took thought and extension to be the two basic, logically independent ways of being; but in this sense Spinoza was a dualist, too. If we take seriously his talk of 'infinite' attributes, we may call him a pluralist on this point, but certainly not a monist. (c) Of how many substances does an embodied person consist? Descartes (ignoring his views about the divisibility of matter): 'Two: an embodied person is made up of a body and a mind, which are distinct substances.' Spinoza: 'None: an embodied person is a mode (under two attributes) of the one and only substance, and is not made up of any number of substances.' Those are the questions which come most readily to mind, and none yields a dualist/monist contrast between Descartes and Spinoza. But: (d) Given that A and B are basic, logically independent attributes, what is the smallest number of substances needed to instantiate both A and B? Descartes: Two. Spinoza: One. I suspect that those who 'contrast' Descartes and Spinoza as dualist and monist usually have in mind not the genuine contrast brought out by (d) but rather the fact that Descartes answered 'Two' to (b) while Spinoza answered 'One' to (a). Still, (d) is important in the thinking of both philosophers and in the philosophy of mind generally. Strawson's chapter, 'Persons', for example, is interesting partly for its Spinozist answer to (d): Strawson does not reduce mental predicates to physical or vice versa, but says that predicates of both kinds may apply to a single thing, namely a person. Or again, the fashionable theory that mental states may be contingently identical with brain processes is a half-Spinozist fumble with (d); but that is a complex matter which I cannot go into here.


The success of the soil remediation operation, at the given quality, is
mainly determined by the financial means and the available time. With
the presently available government budget the conclusion of the operation
in 2030 is only possible with considerable input from the market.This is
concluded by the study presented here. It meets the need for a tool to
predict the development of the soil remediation action, considering
various options. Using a model, describing the operation, and the
application of a number of scenarios, this report shows the sensitivity
of the progress of the remediation operation for a number of controlling
variables. An actually important scenario is: the control in 2015 of the
locations where the soil quality is an unacceptable risk for present use,
combined with the control in 2030 of all locations where an unacceptable
risk may occur considering planned future use. Such policy aims can only
be met with the present budget with a strong stimulation of market
participation. The study shows that concluding the remediation operation
in 2030 needs a market input that is a five-fold of the current
government budget.


The power to tax is critical to economic development. In developing countries, 40-60% of potential revenues go uncollected, and local funding for public goods is limited. Federal governments often provide substantial transfer money to increase spending on local public goods. However, standard theory predicts localities will primarily use this money to decrease, or "crowd out," local tax collection. I present new causal evidence that, contrary to standard theory, transfers increase or "crowd in" local revenue by $0.35-$0.39 per additional federal dollar. I show this result is largely driven by increased local tax enforcement and/or compliance.


4. Motion by the Chairman: That the appointment of representatives of minority groups for the session 1969-70 be approved on the following basis and that the representatives concerned be invited to take their seats at the A.R.M., 1969: dean of medical school (full-time) medical missionary ; coroner medical adviser in the pharmaceutical industry ; police surgeon ; ship's surgeon ; prison medical officer; regional general medical staff of the Department of Health and Social Security; casualty surgeon; hospital medical administrator.


Diels-Alder reactions of six o-benzoquinones with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate has been examined. The yields of adducts vary with the natures of the o-benzoquinones, 3,4-Di-n-propyl-(1c), 3,6-di-n-propyl (1d). 3. 4-diallyl-(1e) and 3, 6-diallyl-o-benzoquinone (1f) are found to give bicyclic a-diketones exclusively without the formation of 1,4-dioxine derivatives, the yields ranging from 20 to 70%. In the case of 4, 5-dimethoxy-o-benzoquinone, dimethyl 4, 5-dimethoxyphthalate is produced in 42% yield, presumably derived from the decomposition of the corresponding initially formed α-diketone. 3, 6-Di-n-propyl-4, 5-dimethoxy-o-benzoquinone deteriorates without addition to dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate upon heating. The additions of o-benzoquinones 1c, 1d and 1f to phenylacetylene are also studied. The yields of adducts, α-diketones, range from 23% to 82%.


Water scarcity and the uneven distribution of water resources in China have resulted in water shortages for agricultural irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas. Reclaimed water used for agricultural irrigation has become an effective solution in the context of the global water shortage. In order to improve soil productivity and solve the shortage of water resources, we carried out reclaimed water irrigation experiments on polluted soil. Compared with full irrigation treatments, the EC value of reclaimed water under deficit irrigation treatments decreased by 2.89–42.90%, and the content of organic matter increased by 6.31–12.10%. The proportion of Acidobacteria community in soils with different cadmium concentration gradients irrigated with reclaimed water ranged from 13.6% to 30.5%, its relative abundance decreased with the increase of soil cadmium concentration. In particular, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas pathogens in deficit irrigation treatments was lower than that of the full irrigation treatments. RDA analysis showed that the environmental factors that played a leading role in the change of microbial community structure were organic matter and pH. Furthermore, the metabolic function potential of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community in deficit irrigation treatments was higher than that of full irrigation treatments with reclaimed water. This study proved that reclaimed water irrigation for cadmium contaminated soil did not aggravate the pollution level and promoted the soil ecological environment with better microbial community diversity.


The invention discloses architectural ceramic prepared from industrial solid waste through a dry method and a process for preparing the architectural ceramic. The architectural ceramic comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-60% of solid waste, 40-70% of ceramic raw material and 1-3% of ceramic additive, wherein the ceramic raw material is selected from one or a composition of multiple of clay raw material, feldspar raw material or talc, and the ceramic additive is one or a combination of multiple of sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium silicate, ammonium chloride, ammonium citrate, sodium humate, sodium lignin sulfonate sodium, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium and edetic acid. After being pretreated, the granules of the solid waste are fine and are mixed evenly in a dry mixing manner and a spray drying manner and are directly used for pressing of green bricks or stored in a bin for standby, so that the ball milling energy consumption and the peptization cost are reduced, the humidification pelleting and fluidized bed drying procedures are omitted, the formula can be quickly adjusted according to the functional characteristics of the architectural ceramic, the process is simple and convenient to control, and the architectural ceramic has such good properties as heat preservation, thermal insulation and high strength.


OIG Investigative Reports Press Release Trenton, NJ., 06/13/2016 - Chief Financial Officer of Educational Services Company Sentenced to 19 Months in Prison for Tax Crimes Resulting in $1.4 Million Loss


The utility model relates to a non-metallic flat core heat collection type solar energy drying device, which comprises a BD double wave heat collector and a drying chamber, wherein the BD double wave heat collector is a rectangular insulating box which takes porous angle steel as a skeleton, takes solar energy lighting boards as a cover plate and an outer wall, and takes three layers of corrugated inorganic glass fiber combinations which are coated with black heat absorbing coatings with two vertical layers and one transverse layer as a plate core and plate walls, the drying chamber is a long cubical insulating box which takes the porous angle steel as the skeleton, takes double-layer insulating transparent blue filter membrane as a wall board, and is provided with multiple layers of material trays which can regulate distance inside, the BD double wave heat collector is arranged on a supporting frame which can regulate the slope angle of the heat collector, and the BD double wave heat collector is connected with the drying chamber through a telescopic flexible pipe. The non-metallic flat core heat collection type solar energy drying device has simple structure, easy assembly, low cost, adjustable slop angle or lighting surface of the heat collector and high heat collection efficiency, which is easy for rapidly and cleanly drying agricultural products and is a dry-processing technique which is suitable for being extended to wide countryside and applies solar energy.


Objective: To evaluate the mental health level and coping style of the emergency nurses. Method: 66 nurses from Beijing Emergency Medical Center, 56 nurses from common departments in GeneralA, Hospital in Beijing were investigated about their mental health with the help of Symptom check list -90 (SCL -90) ; Styles of Coping Inventory. Result; There is no significant difference of the mental health between the nurses from the emergency and common departments in general hospitals. The stress coping style of the emergency nurses is better than the nurses from common departments of the general hospitals. Conclusions: Although under high pressure, emergency nurses can solving problems succeedingly with good stress coping style which can release the tension of mental, so as to make balance for psychology and keep health.


It reviews the major changes of international aviation security system after the terrorist attack event in Sept.11,2001 and points out the inefficiency of some relevant operations.It also discusses how to apply industrial engineering to address practical issues in airport security system.These methodologies are grouped into four categories: performance measures,design tools,analysis tools and control tools.Prospects for future research are also discussed at the end.


Weighted least squares method is commonly used for power system state estimation.The great disparity in weighting factors and a large number of injection measurements may cause the numerical ill-conditioned problems,thus degrading the convergence.In this paper,all measurements are classified reasonably to form the gain matrix.A new rapid and robust method for state estimation is proposed based on block sparse matrix technique,which makes full use of the numerical stability of NE/C(normal equations with equality constraints) method and Hachtel method.Theory analysis and example show that the proposed method is effective.


Because most keywords extraction algorithms do not combine domain expertise and semantic information effectively, a vertical domain keywords extraction method is proposed and verified in some fields. Based on the construction of domain dictionary database, the algorithm uses the Label Latent Dirichlet Allocation (Label-LDA) model to learn the global knowledge to obtain the importance evaluation of each words under vertical domain, and uses the Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) model to obtain the local semantic relationship evaluation at the same time. The two models are weighted by the gradient descent method to construct a new word graph. Finally, an improved K-shell algorithm is proposed for ranking the importance of words and extract keywords. Experiments show that, compared with several commonly used domain wide keywords extraction algorithms, the effect of this algorithm on military field is improved by 18% to 52%. At the same time, the algorithm can be effectively generalized to other different vertical fields such as economy, sports, science and technology.


Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare conjunctival neoplasm that is a common malignancy in the salivary glands. In the conjunctiva it often mimics squamous cell carcinoma. Histologically the tumors are believed to arise from pluripotential basal cells and, possibly, mucussecreting elements, and therefore are composed of mucus-secreting cells intermixed with epidermoid cells. The clear cell variant of mucoepidermoid carcinoma has been described in the major and minor salivary glands, the oral cavity, the skin, and the upper respiratory tract. We report a case of a clear cell variant of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva. To our knowledge, this variant has not been previously reported in the conjunctiva.


General practice offers considerable variety in work, with a broad spectrum of patients and a wide variety of problems and pathologies. The growing complexity of medicine demands that as clinicians, we keep up to date and demonstrate we have the required knowledge and skills to do the job. As generalists, we are required to demonstrate knowledge and skills from other specialties and this is reflected in the RCGP curriculum and, not least, by the wide variety of articles within the pages of InnovAiT. Some consider that for general practice the MRCGP provides all the evidence required. However, many additional diplomas are available to GPs. Are additional diplomas worthwhile? Will they impress prospective employers or partners? Will they provide additional job opportunities? Will attainment of diplomas give a return on investment? This short article may not provide answers, but it may form the basis for further research and discussions with colleagues, trainers and GP Training Programme Directors.


SummaryAdult worker honeybee faeces containing Bacillus larvae spores were exposed to direct sunlight for periods up to a total of 600 hours. During this interval the number of spores capable of germination on artificial media decreased from an initial level of 1·8 × 105 to 9·5 × 103 spores per faecal spot. Infectivity of the exposed spores for susceptible honeybee larvae was not destroyed by exposure for up to 360 hours. Faeces voided by worker bees engaged in removal of spore-contaminated residues from the hive are therefore a potential source of infection in the dissemination of American foul brood disease.


This paper explores the historical and philosophical basis of naturalistic education. The exploration focuses on prominent epistemologicll views of the relationship between sensation and thought. Three time periods of intellectual study were considered: (1) the classical period during which Plato established the model for philosophic inquiry and introduced dualism and Aristotle provided the basis for realism; (2) the Christian period during which St. Augustine established the core of Christian theological supernaturalism and Aquinas blended Christian and Aristotelian thought; and (3) the modern period during which Locke introduced scientific thinking into philosophy, Rousseau established naturalistic ideology into conventional thought, and Dewey formalized a naturalistic, organic philosophy. Connected views of educational theory and practice are also examined, including: (1) classical education for the privileged class which focused on practical skills or oratory or conceptual intellectual abilities; (2) formal Christian education that was used as a means of religious indoctrination focusing on spiritual salvation; and (3) modern education that has focused more on individual, natural development and is moving toward teaching a process of inquiry instead of traditional procedures of action and reaction. This paper suggests that Western educational thought has moved in general accordance with philosophical thought and has become more humanly central. (LP) *********************************************************************** ,3:) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** EXPLORING THE FOUNDATIONS OF PHILOSOPHY OF NATURAL EDUCATION "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY 4TEefeL4i1r__IeYeti_


The spatial distribution of blood flow following spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a promising biomarker for improving patient outcomes. This work follows up on a previously reported algorithm, FlowMorph, that enables measurement of blood flow through individual microvessels in the rat spinal cord. Building upon FlowMorph in this study, spinal cord blood flow was quantified pre- and post-injury, and single-vessel changes were related to distance from the injury. Two-dimensional probability densities were calculated using kernel density estimation in order to determine the extent of injury throughout the cord and measure the borders of vascular injury. Using these borders, vessel density and average flow was calculated at the site of injury as well as in the surrounding tissue. Significantly fewer vessels had measurable flow at the site of injury after trauma, and flow in the remaining vessels was highly variable. Further experiments with different injury severities will delineate the effect of injury severity on blood flow. Additionally, experiments with the addition of contrast-enhanced measurements will validate this technique.


OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and regularity of cefepime-inducing neurotoxicity,and to provide reference for rational use of drugs in the clinic.METHODS:Retrieved from CHKD(1994-2009),Wanfang database(1998-2009) and Chinese periodical full-text databases(1989-2009)and PubMed,related literatures were collected and analyzed statistically.RESULTS:A total of 78 neurotoxicity cases induced by cefepime were obtained.Most of neurotoxicity induced by cefepime occurred in the elderly and patients with renal dysfunction.High dosage of cefepime and combined with renal toxicity drugs induced neurotoxicity mostly.The main clinical manifestations were disorder of consciousness(such as confusion,coma,obtundation,expression of indifference,etc.)and excitability increasing(irritability,paraphasia,convulsion,epilepsy,etc.).The early withdrawal,injection of clonazepam,hemodialysis,or hemodialysis plus hemoperfusion after neurotoxicity occurred were the effective measures.Serious primary disease,inappropriate measures or not timely treatments could lead to death.CONCLUSION:The neurotoxicity induced by cefepime can cause serious consequences and the clinicians must have a heightened awareness of serious neurotoxicity effect of cefepime.


Effects of artificially created soil salinity levels by addition of NaCl and NaHCO3 in soil were studied on penetration and development of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica in the roots of cucumber and okra. Penetration of second-stage juveniles incucumber and okra roots and development of juveniles into adult females were impaired by the salinity levels. A direct correlation existed between concentration of the salts and number of root-ingressed juveniles. Production of egg masses was delayed and their number was significantly reduced. Plant growth of cucumber and okra was suppressed by thesoil salinity levels. M. javanica also caused marked reduction in plant growth. But underthe soil salinity stresses, the extent of reductions in growth parameters caused by the nematode was reduced and consequently the plant growth was comparatively better than those inoculated with the nematode alone. The soil salinity impeded nematode growth and reproduction which in turn reduced the harmful effects of the nematode on plants.


Objective To discuss the value of esophagus mucous idodine staining method throagh endosopy to the discovery of early esophaged concr in residents of Dalian.Methods In patients over 45 years old with digestive tract symptom,gastroscopy and Lugol's idodine fluid spraying were performed muti-spot biopsy was carried out in the non-dyed areas.Results The abnormal discovery rate was 73.85%,the rate of precancerous change was 35.38% and the imidence of early esophaged cancer was 1.54% in patients with esophageal diseases.Conclusion The idodine staining and precise biopsy should be performed in patients with suspicious pathological chages of esophagus mucous.For patients with precancerous charges,follow-up and continuons idodine staining are necessory.The incidence of early esophageal cancer in Dalian is not less than that in the whole netion.


The Division of Road and Transport Technology of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in South Africa has been involved in research and implementation of findings on all aspects of low-volume roads for four decades. It is from this work that the Division has acquired a vast base of knowledge on the unique conditions of the African continent both in terms of the use of materials under different climatic conditions and socioeconomic problems associated with road construction. The paper presents a brief outline of the type of work which has already been done and is now being done within the region, both on paved and unpaved low-volume roads along with some examples of each. It is also pointed out that (1) with the rapid urbanization presently occurring, the necessity to provide large lengths of access streets and commuter routes is going to increase dramatically; (2) the quality of the rural roads must not be allowed to deteriorate; and (3) environmental aspects will need to be investigated further with careful attention being paid to dust generation and the pollution of rivers through erosion from roads and associated structures.


Sample efficiency is a critical property when optimizing policy parameters for the controller of a robot. In this paper, we evaluate two state-of-the-art policy optimization algorithms. One is a recent deep reinforcement learning method based on an actor-critic algorithm, Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), that has been shown to perform well on various control benchmarks. The other one is a direct policy search method, Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), a black-box optimization method that is widely used for robot learning. The algorithms are evaluated on a continuous version of the mountain car benchmark problem, so as to compare their sample complexity. From a preliminary analysis, we expect DDPG to be more sample efficient than CMA-ES, which is confirmed by our experimental results.


Abstract This paper examines two linked cases of abortive Imperial expansion. The British invasion of Afghanistan and the Russian winter expedition to Khiva both took place in 1839, and both ended in disaster. These events were linked, not merely by coincidence, but by mutual reactions to intelligence received in Orenburg, St Petersburg, Calcutta, London, and Tehran. British and Russian officials shared similar fears about each other's ambitions in Central Asia, similar patterns of prejudice, arrogance and ignorance, and a similar sense of entitlement as the self-conscious agents of two 'Great Powers'. By examining the decision-making process which preceded these twin cases of expansion, and the British and Russian attitudes to Central Asian rulers and informants, the paper provides not only a deeper understanding of what provoked these particular disasters, but also of the wider process of European imperial expansion in the early nineteenth century.


Swipe fingerprint sensor, which can acquire a series of sequence fingerprint images, is now widely used in order to reduce the cost of fingerprint image acquisition. This paper presented a new method of sequence fingerprint image mosaic. On the cases that fingerprint swipes in a non-uniform speed, the phase-correlation algorithms are mainly applied to calculate the offset of swiping direction, while for non-swiping direction offset the gray-correlation algorithms are used. At last, an experiment of true fingerprint acquisition and mosaic was presented to verify the effectiveness of this method. Keywordsmosaic method; fingerprint image; phase correlation; gray correlation


The invention discloses a mordant printing method on the natural plant dye dyeing cloth, which is characterized by the following: preparing printing slurry through mordant, thickener, penetrant and permeability-reducing agent; proceeding cleaning and printing disposal for slurry on the natural plant dye dyeing cloth; steaming at 120-160 deg.c for 1-5 min or baking at 130-160 deg.c at 1-5 min to fix color; proceeding watering disposal at 40-60 deg.c to dry in the 80-100 deg.c condition. The invention can improves quality of natural plant dyeing plant and added quality of cloth, which is a printing cloth with health function.


Providing a fermentation broth, the method comprising the fermentation broth is acidified, thereby reducing the total sulfate ion and phosphate ion concentrations of the aqueous solution obtained, and generating a reduced ion aqueous solution, ion reduction obtained it and, and recovering the aqueous distillate product obtained containing 3-hydroxypropionic acid, by a method of 3-hydroxypropionic acid is recovered composition enriched distilling an aqueous solution of.


Background: After discharge from in-hospital rehabilitation, post-stroke patients should have the opportunity to continue the rehabilitation through structured programs to maintain the benefits acquired during intensive rehabilitation treatment. Objective: The primary objective was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing an home-based telesurveillance and rehabilitation (HBTR) program to optimize the patient's recovery by reducing dependency degree. Method: Post-stroke patients were consecutively screened. Data were expressed as mean ±  standard deviation (SD). 26 patients enrolled: 15 were sub-acute (time since stroke: 112 ± 39 days) and 11 were chronic (time since stroke: 470 ± 145 days). For 3 months patients were followed at home by a nurse-tutor, who provided structured phone support and vital signs telemonitoring, and by a physiotherapist (PT) who monitored rehabilitation sessions by videoconferencing. Results: 23 patients completed the program; 16.7 ± 5.2 phone contacts/patient were initiated by the nurse and 0.9 ± 1.8 by the patients. Eight episodes of atrial fibrillation that required a change in therapy were recorded in two patients. Physiotherapists performed 1.2 ± 0.4 home visits, 1.6 ± 0.9 phone calls and 4.5 ± 2.8 videoconference-sessions per patient. At least three sessions/week of home exercises were performed by 31% of patients, two sessions by 54%. At the end of the program, global functional capacity improved significantly (P < 0.001), in particular, static (P < 0.001) and dynamic (P = 0.0004) postural balance, upper limb dexterity of the paretic side (P = 0.01), and physical performance (P = 0.002). Symptoms of depression and caregiver strain also improved. Conclusion: The home-based program was feasible and effective in both sub-acute and chronic post-stroke patients, improving their recovery, and maintaining the benefits reached during inpatient rehabilitation


Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured by the 51Cr-EDTA single exponential analysis slope clearance method (Chantler, C., and Barratt, T.M. Arch.Dis.Child. 1972, 47, 613), in 43 children aged 2-14 years with GFRs <90ml/min/1.73m2, and was correlated with height (cm)/plasma creatinine concentration Pc (μmol/L), r = 0.923. Pc was measured by a reaction rate method (coefficient of variation 4%). The relationship between height/Pc and GFR varied as Pc tended to be lower than expected at lower GFRs so GFR was best expressed by the formula GFR = K × height/Pc, where K = 31 + (5 × height/Pc). There was a weak correlation between height/Pc and GFR in children (n = 51) with GFRs > 90ml/min/1.73m2, r = 0.401. Using the above formula GFR was then predicted in a second group of children (n = 30) with measured GFR <90ml/min/1.73m2, and these correlated well, r = 0.903, S.D.of a single estimate ± 10ml/min/1.73m2. The sensitivity of changes of height/Pc in detecting changes in GFR was tested in children with two or more measured GFRs <90ml/min/1.73m2. The change in predicted GFR correlated with change in measured GFR (n = 84), r = 0.828, and the 95% confidence limits of a predicted change in GFR were ± 19ml/min/1.73m2. Thus a predicted change of GFR in the range studied of >19ml/min/1.73m2 between two single estimates reliably detected a change in GFR.


Abstract : A review of all research on military families available in 1980 revealed that only recently have the topics of family factors in retention and the effects of retirement on family members been addressed. This article reviews work which has been carried out on spousal attitudes towards the military and the family member's commitment to the organization, work which reviews those two variables as significant influences on the retention decisions of active duty service personnel. Also addressed in the literature are newer areas of interest to researchers such as the retention decisions of active duty women and the focus by military planners on family issues in military mission accomplishment subsequent to the advent of the All Volunteer Force. The literature on retirement from the military after 20 to 30 year careers has centered on the adjustment problems which family members are required to make during this occupational transition, their relative success in coping with this crisis, and the assistance or lack of assistance provided by the military organization in helping the family in its effort to cope.


Polyphylla gracicornis generate 1 generation in 4 years and live through the winter by larva. The larva living through the winter start to damage the forest in early April every year and live through the winter in late October. Its activity range is 10~25 cm in soil and the soil depth in which it live through the winter is 40~70 cm. Its imago generate in middle June and dominant period is in middle and late July; the dominant hatching period of larva is in early and middle August. The duration of pupa is 29 days, ovum is 26 days, larva with 1 instar is 340 days, larva period with 2 instars is 365 days, larva period with 3 instars is 700 days and imago period is 16 days. The ratio of female and male imago is 1.2:1, and they are active in the day and keep quiet at night and the active peak time is 21:00~23:00. The imago is free from food. The female imago oviposit sporadically and they average amount of ovum are 26, mainly oviposit in the soil with depth of 15cm. The land with deep soil, appropriate water and rich nutrient is subject to damages of these insects.


Abstract Background and aim Diabetes mellitus affects 3-5% of all pregnancies, and because of high perinatal mortality and morbidity global screening appears logical. The aim of this study was to evaluate the screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women without risk factor in Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran.


Recently,the bearingless permanent magnet (PM) slice motor has attracted the attention of industry. The magnetic bearing is integrated into the PM motor,the structure is very simply,and the cost is decreased tremendously. But the radial suspension of the bearingless PM slice motor affects the suspension in the other 3 freedom degrees deeply,and high integration cause a critical demand of loss control. In order to improve the suspension performance and reduce the loss,a new method of optimization of PM shape which is based on FEM is proposed in this paper. The results of FEM and experiment show that the harmonic component is very small and the pulse of suspension force is almost eliminated after optimization. And it is easy to realize less loss and obtain a good performance.


Theoretical calculation methods of utilization ratio of three familiar magnetron-sputtering targets are investigated.Approximate computation formula is deduced.Factors influencing utilization ratios are analyzed.Safe surplus thickness affects the utilization ratio of all the three type targets.A term of shrinkage coefficient is introduced in the two former formulas.According to the calculated results from the measured data and theoretical formulas,an approximate conclusion can be made: generally,utilization ratio of a circular planar target is lower than 10%,one of a rectangular planar target is about 20%~30%,both strongly affected by shrinkage coefficient,and one of a rotary cylindrical target can reach 50%,hardly over 70%.


Kalman filtering of states including attitudes poses a challenge due to the constraints of the rotation manifold. One of the standard approaches is to consider a deviation attitude, in the form of ...


well-researched, covers its topic thoroughly and presents compelling evidence to support its interpretive statements. There are places where the 'alphabet soup' of program acronyms becomes a bit dense, but this is probably unavoidable given the nature of the subject. The same cannot be said, however, about several key maps which are practically unreadable since they use almost identical shades of grey to depict regions of government and Communist territorial control during the Vietnam War. This problem could readily have been avoided by using cross-hatching or shades that displayed greater contrast. Aside from a fewbrief statements in its preface and conclusion,VietnamDeclassified does not address the ongoing debate concerning revisionist interpretations of the VietnamWar. YetAhern's conclusions about the continuing vitality of the Vietcong and the war's unwinnability pose a clear and powerful challenge to the revisionist works of Lewis Sorley, Mark Moyar and others who have argued that the insurgency was decisively defeated and the Vietnam War – for all practical purposes – won. Ahern's conclusions are also relevant for debates revolving around the counterinsurgent wars which are presently winding down in Iraq andAfghanistan. They tell a cautionary tale about the danger of pinning hopes for victory upon weak, ineffectual regimes that are perceived as illegitimate bymany of their own citizens andwhich lack the will and capacity for self-reform. Ahern also warns about the risks of projecting assumptions rooted the American way of life into alien cultural environments.


This study aims to determine and analyze the extent to which the development of the Budget Realization Information System (SIEPRA) by evaluating in terms of the level of acceptance with the aim that SIEPRA can increase user satisfaction, simplify the process, ease and speed in obtaining services so that performance achievement reports and overview of the performance realization of the Regional Equipment Work Unit (SKPD) can be timely and correct. The research instrument used is a questionnaire. This research uses the End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) method which will be used to determine SIEPRA user satisfaction. The variables to be measured are Content, accuracy, format, ease of use and timeliness. This study aims to analyze the extent to which the development of SIEPRA by evaluating the level of acceptance with the aim that SIEPRA can increase user satisfaction using the EUCS method. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the level of satisfaction of SIEPRA users on each EUCS variable is 74.6% for the content variable, 76.6% for the Accuracy variable, 78.8% for the Format variable, 70.2% for the Ease of Use variable and 70.2% for the Timeliness variable. In general, the level of satisfaction of SIEPRA users based on the results of the study is in the category of satisfied and very satisfied with a percentage ³ 70%.


The analysis of data from eseperisental designs is often hampered by the lack of more than one procedure available for the analysis, especially when that procedure is based on assumptions which do not apply in the situation at hand. In this paper tvo classes of alternative procedures are discussed and compared, One is the aligned ranks procedure which first standardises the data by subtracting an appropriate estimate of location, then replaces the data with ranks t and finally uses an appropriate test statistic which has asymptotically a chi-square distribution The second procedure is the rank transform which first replaces all of the data with the ranks, and then employs the usual parametric methods, but computed on the ranks instead of the data Some Monte Carlo simulations for a test of interaction in a two way layout with replication enable the robustness and pover of these tvo methods to be compared with the usual analysis of variancs.