Behavioral Targeting (BT) is a technique used by online advertisers to increase the effectiveness of their campaigns, and is playing an increasingly important role in the online advertising market. However, it is underexplored in academia when looking at how much BT can truly help online advertising in commercial search engines. To answer this question, in this paper we provide an empirical study on the click-through log of advertisements collected from a commercial search engine. From the comprehensively experiment results on the sponsored search log of the commercial search engine over a period of seven days, we can draw three important conclusions: (1) Users who clicked the same ad will truly have similar behaviors on the Web; (2) Click-Through Rate (CTR) of an ad can be averagely improved as high as 670% by properly segmenting users for behavioral targeted advertising in a sponsored search; (3) Using the short term user behaviors to represent users is more effective than using the long term user behaviors for BT. The statistical t-test verifies that all conclusions drawn in the paper are statistically significant. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first empirical study for BT on the click-through log of real world ads.


An eccentrically cracked strip loaded by antiplane tearing in an elastic-perfectly plastic material has been analysed by using the near crack line analysis method.The conventional assumption of the small scale yielding that the existance of the plastic zone causes the elastic field to move a distance along the crack line has been abandoned.By matching the general solutions of the plastic fields with the established elastic fields at the elastic-plastic boundary near the crack line,expressions of the plastic strains,the length of the plastic zone and the unit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary have been obtained.Some numerical results have been given.


Affine motion model is widely used in motion segmentation. Accurately estimating and evaluating affine parameters are two key problems in such kind of approaches. This paper tries to address these issues by presenting an effective video object segmentation method based on affine motion similarity measure. The image is firstly segmented into irregularly-shaped intensity homogenous regions. Then, relatively reliable affine parameters for each region are estimated by a robust motion estimator according to the individual coordinate system of each region. Finally, a new motion similarity measure and merge process is applied to obtain meaningful objects. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Background : The purpose of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate the pharmacist intervention program designed to identify and correctly adjust the dosage of -receptor antagonists () in renally impaired patients and promote timely conversion of from IV to PO therapy. Methods : The study population consisted of renally impaired patients who received therapy from April 9 to May 8, 2001 at Hallym Medical Center. Each morning a specifically developed software program identified patients with serum creatinine (Scr) greater than 1.2 mg/dl or age greater than 65 years. The pharmacist, then screened the pharmacy profiles of the identified patients to determine if the patient was on . For these patients on with renal impairement the creatinine clearance (CrCl) was calculated using Cockroft & Gault equation. The pharmacist determined the proper dosage for each identified patients based on the calculated CrCl and the oral dosage that would be appropriate for whom IV therapy was no longer indicated. Result : A total of 149 cases (101 patients) were monitored during the study period. The dosage was inappropriately prescribed for renal function in 61 of 149 cases (41%), and of those, pharmacist made recommendations for 58 cases of which 33 cases (57%) were accepted by the physicians. The administration route of H2RA was inappropriately used as IV in 22 of 53 cases (42%), and pharmacist made recommendations for those 22 cases of which 15 cases (68%) were accepted. Conclusion : Monitoring of patients with renal dysfunction by a pharmacist improved the dosing of and a dosing program of patients with renal impairment would be of benefit to other clinicians and institutions seeking to optimize patient care.


Objective To establish a reporter gene system based on TLR5-NF-κB pathway to screen active constituents in Siwutang.Methods NF-κB expressing luciferase reporter gene was constructed and transfected with plasmid containing hTLR5 gene into human embryonic kidney(HEK 293) cells using liposomal transfection reagent Lipofectin 2000.Related luciferase activities were examined to evaluate the effect of active constituents in Siwutang.Results Fructose and adenine could significantly activate this pathway in a concentration-dependent manner.Folic acid,scopoletin,paeoniflorin,ligustrazine hydrochloride,β-Sitosterol,ferulic acid could also activate TLR5 receptor-mediated NF-κB to some extent.Conclusion Fructose,adenine,folic acid,scopoletin,paeoniflorin,ligustrazine hydrochloride,β-Sitosterol,ferulic acid can activate TLR5 receptor-mediated NF-κB to some extent.


In the current financial crisis, promoting rapid developments of gold industry, ensuring healthy operations of national economy, and actively developing the gold futures market are very important. Functioning of the gold futures market will determine the gold market maturity and integrity. Risk transfer is one of the two basic functions of futures market. The risk transfer function is realized through hedging. China's gold futures market has been in market for more than four years, is the risk transfer function fully realized? How the performance of hedging? Based on the data of futures prices and spot prices from January 9th of 2008 to December 31st of 2010, we use the following four statistical models such as traditional regression model (OLS), two-variable vector auto regression model (B-VAR), error correction hedging model (ECM), and error correction GARCH model (EC-GARCH) to perform stationarity and cointegration test On the basis of minimum risk hedge ratio estimated, the following conclusions are made based on the study: (1) As China's gold futures market has run for more than three years, hedge is effective through the gold futures market, which can significantly reduce the participants ' risk of price fluctuation; (2)In practice, hedging ratio should be rationally determined by different models according to different hedging length and different expectations. Based on these conclusions, this paper also made corresponding policy recommendations.


This is a search strategy for a systematic review. It has been peer reviewed by two research librarians, but has not been published. It will be linked to the PROSPERO registration.


In order to better understand the remediation effects of rice straw ash on cadmium (Cd) contaminated paddy soil, a pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying different amounts of rice straw ash (low dosage: H1, medium dosage: H2, high dosage) to paddy soil on Cd availability in paddy soil and Cd content in rice. The results showed that, there was no significant difference in pH values between the two types of soils with different Cd contents and the control soils (P > 0.05). The available Cd content in two different Cd content paddy soils decreased by 27.5%~49.6% due to adding rice straw ash. As the same dosage of rice straw ash was added, the decrease ranges of available Cd content in paddy soils were ordered from high to low as follows: paddy soil with high Cd content > paddy soil with low Cd content. Due to the addition of rice straw ash, Cd content in rice decreased in paddy soil with low Cd content, but there was no significant difference in Cd content in rice between paddy soils with high Cd content and the control soils (P > 0.05). The results indicated that the effect of rice straw ash on Cd content in rice was affected by the Cd content of the soil itself, and only when the Cd content in soil is within a certain range and an appropriate amount of ash is applied, the repair effect of Cd pollution can be guaranteed.


To maximize the benefits of electrifying the North Island Main Trunk Railway, some additional investment in route improvements was required. Tunnel size restrictions were eliminated to allow larger locomotives; track and bridges were upgraded to carry heavier axles; isolated steep gradients were eased so train loads could be increased; and sharp curves were realigned to permit higher average train speeds. Since the line has a single track, the number and location of loops for train crossings was modified to suit the proposed timetables. Some of the route improvement investment was considered essential to the project, and was included in the capital expenditure authorized by the New Zealand Government in December 1981. The balance was recognized at the time to be justifiable, but was left to be funded directly by the Railways Corporation. The paper records the extent of route upgrading work funded from both sources, and outlines the engineering and transportation factors leading to the Investment. It deals in particular with plans to increase the radii of 146 restrictive curves, at a cost estimated in 1981 to be $9.1 million, and additional to the authorized project.


A randomized prospective comparative double blind study was conducted on ASA I and II patients of female sex, aged between 30-60 years posted for vaginal hysterectomies. They are divided into two groups of 30 each. Aims and objectives: To Assess and compare the efficacy of epidural Ropivacaine 0.75% Vs epidural Ropivacaine 0.75% and preservative free Midazolam in terms of  onset, duration of sensory and motor blockade, duration of analgesia  and to evaluate the incidence of adverse effects and complications associated with vaginal hysterectomies. After preloading, under aseptic precautions epidural catheter was placed in L3-4 space. In Group A – 18 ml of 0.75% Ropivacaine + 2ml Normal saline injected into epidural space. In Group B 18ml of 0.75% Ropivacaine + 2ml preservative free Midazolam (2mg) injected into epidural space. The various parameters studied and the results and observations of the two groups were compared. With regard to age, height, the mean sensory level achieved, duration of motor blockade, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation, the difference is considered to be statistically not significant. There was significant difference with regard to duration of analgesia and sedation ( Group A 304.33±25.15  min, Group B 318.00±25.78 with P value 0.0421 ). It can be concluded that addition of preservative free Midazolam 2mg to 18 ml of 0.75% Ropivacaine by epidural route, causes definite prolongation of analgesia together with optimum sedation and without significant side effects.


Spodoptera exigua was treated under different temperatures to determine the SOD,POD,CAT activity and survival rate.The experiment showed that the survival rate at higher temperature and lower temperature was lower.Activity of protection enzymes and survival rate at 23~32℃ did not different.Activity of protection enzymes and survival rate under 23℃ and over 32℃ declined with temperature descending or rising.Close correlation was found between protection enzymes and survival rate and values of higher and lower temperatures.It is shown that the cause of death of Spodoptera exigua at higher and lower temperatures was related to protection enzymes activity.


Empowerment of Sumber Abadi Forest Farmer Groups through Innovation of Porang Nursery Techniques. Forest Farmers Group (FFG) Sumber Abadi is located in Panglungan Village, Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency, whose area is 500-750 m asl and daily temperature of 20° C. The conditions of socio-economic need to be improved, considering that their livelihoods depend on forest products and half of the population belongs to the category of pre-prosperous families. Panglungan village has the largest porang area and has the potential for a profitable porang seed business, encouraging farmers to carry out traditional nurseries to fulfill the increasing demand for seeds. Porang is a super strategic commodity and prospectus as a healthy food, low carbohydrates and high fiber, and a high tuber selling price (Rp 10,000,-/kg). Obstacles in the porang nursery business in Panglungan Village, namely: (1) lack of understanding of proper nursery techniques, (2) weak innovation of porang nurseries, (3) lack of understanding of seed supply chain management, and (4) weak of institutional functioning. The aim of the activity is to increase empowerment through innovative porang nursery techniques. Empowerment methods include: (1) training on innovation in porang nursery technology on various seed sources, (2) demonstration plots for porang nurseries, (3) economic empowerment of rural communities, (4) training on marketing porang seeds online. The results of the empowerment of FFG Sumber Abadi showed that there were 2 groups of porang seed breeders who were innovative in seeding techniques and marketing with a volume of more than 2 million seeds that lasted for 5 months.


The huge surge in migration into the European Union, particularly over the last two years, has revealed the inadequacy of the current legal framework. The Dublin III Regulation, which establishes the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a stateless person, now appears outdated. The initiatives devised by the European Commission to alleviate the burdens on the countries most exposed, activating for the first time the emergency mechanism under Art. 78, para. 3, TFEU, have proven to be largely ineffective and have faced stiff opposition from various Member States on both political and legal grounds. The resettlement programme introduced to ensure safe and legal access into the European Union has also failed to achieve the desired results. The debate has now turned to how to overcome the limitations of the current system. The European Agenda on Migration presented in May 2015 proposed the establishment of a single asylum decision process, to guarantee equal treatment of asylum seekers throughout Europe, and a mechanism for mutual recognition of positive asylum decisions. The European Commission now seems set to develop a relocation mechanism based on a distribution key. The new system must nonetheless ensure a fairer sharing of responsibility while guaranteeing effective solidarity between Member States and respect for the fundamental rights of people.


To the Editor:— Recently I acquired a copy of Henry G. Piffard's "An Elementary Treatise on Diseases of the Skin, for the Use of Students and Practitioners" (New York, Macmillan & Co., 1876). Concerning this remarkable volume I quote from Bechet's article in theArchives( 45 :482 [March] 1942), "The Early History of American Dermatology": "In 1876 Piffard published his book, the second textbook on diseases of the skin published in America and by no means elementary, as the modest title suggested. It was a masterly treatise, giving a complete summation of the dermatologic views up to that time interspersed with Piffard's own valuable opinions." The appropriateness of these remarks can readily be confirmed by the following illustration of Piffard's keen powers of observation. Chapter 39 of his treatise is headed "Scleroderma—Scleriasis." In the opening paragraph the author expresses the opinion that among the large number of reported cases of


Summary
1. Koi herpesvirus (KHV) disease, a lethal disease in carp and koi, has spread rapidly since the late 1990s. Only a few studies have focused on the ecology of KHV in natural freshwater environments, although characterization and the diagnosis of KHV disease have been intensively studied. This is mainly due to the lack of reliable detection methods for KHV in natural environments.

2. Three different approaches have been used to detect KHV in fish samples: (i) isolation and identification of the virus using cultured cell lines; (ii) detection of viral DNA with target DNA amplification techniques; and (iii) detection of anti-KHV antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among these methods, DNA amplification techniques have become most popular because of their sensitivity and simplicity.

3. In contrast to KHV detection in fish samples, detection of KHV from water and sediment samples has not been reported. This is the result of a lack of reliable KHV concentration methods for water and sediment samples, although methodology from public health and marine microbiology may be applicable to determine KHV concentration in such samples.

4. Few reports have evaluated the environmental factors (e.g. temperature, UV irradiation) that affect the fate of KHV in water bodies. Mass mortality of wild carp caused by KHV infection would result in the removal of a large omnivorous fish from freshwater ecosystems and may thus alter community structure and ecosystem functioning.


Introduction/Background Healthcare is undergoing a comprehensive paradigm shift towards Interprofessional team-based practice. Multiple medical organizations have called for increased interprofessional teamwork as a means to improve patient outcomes.1 We hope to develop outstanding clinicians with interprofessional experiences through the use of simulation activities. The purpose of this IPE experience was to introduce several short cases to pharmacy and medical students that simulate didactic content learned by both groups and provide opportunities to teach each other about their respective fields. Methods A class of second year pharmacy (P2) and medical (M2) students were divided into groups and rotated through three stations. The first station involved a shared standardized patient (SP) interview; since this was the P2's first simulated encounter obtaining a patient history, it provided an opportunity for M2s to provide guidance. The second station involved prescription counseling and patient interviews with both a pharmacist and physician. The M2 and P2 students reciprocated roles in order to appreciate each other's perspectives. Lastly, the third station depicted ethical conflict scenarios and involved role plays. Each station culminated in debrief sessions with students and faculty. Conclusion A post-activity survey contrasted the P2 and M2 thoughts and perceptions of the activity. The aggregate of the M2 and P2 students regarded the activity between "Good" and "Very good for the following questions: 1) How do you rank your team's ability to function as a group?; 2) How did you rank your team's ability to communicate with each other about their concerns for the patient?; 3) How do you rank your team's ability to understand the professional roles they were playing in this session?; 4) How do you rank your team's ability to demonstrate a sense of professionalism and collegiality?' 5) How do you rank your comfort level in working in your group? A major difference between the answers of the M2 and P2 students was "Would that additional IPE sessions help you in your future as a practitioner?" Eighty eight percent and fifty percent of P2 students M2 students respectively answered yes (p <0.05). Overall, students perceived the simulation activity as enjoyable and ranked their ability to function and communicate as a group "good" or "very good". The activity will be repeated this year and the perceptions will be re-evaluated to compare with our pilot data. Constructive feedback suggested that additional time at each station and a more thorough clinical background on the SP case would have been beneficial. Preceptor comments stated that the IPE scenarios allowed for robust discussions between health students and simulated activities exposed them to events they will encounter in practice. The activity also enforced concepts of professionalism and communication skills. Reference 1. Hammick M, Freeth D, Koppel I, Reeves S, Barr H. A best evidence systematic review of interprofessional education: BEME Guide no. 9. Med Teach. 2007 Oct;29(8):735-51. Disclosures None.


On the base of the deep study and analysis of the various instant messengers' transmission protocol of texts,files,audios and videos,A real-time monitoring system for instant messenger——IMmonitor was designed and realized.The system can not only real-timely monitor the text message of the instant messengers(such as MSN,Fetion,ICQ etc.) for multiple versions,but also monitor the transmission of any files(such as.doc,.jpg,.rar etc.),audios and videos.The IMmonitor system has realized the comprehensive monitor of the all formats of information of the instant messengers,and has solved the problem of the upgrade of the monitor system,which is caused by the upgrade of the instant messenger.


A number of harmonised private international law instruments appear to be the foundation of the whole EU civil justice framework, which primarily aims to provide effective remedies for litigants in cross-border cases. Given the level of diversity across the EU, a major feature of the EU legal landscape is the triangular relationship between the allocation of jurisdiction and identification of applicable law, on the one hand, and the available remedy, on the other hand. It appears that, when it comes to the administration of justice in a cross-border context within the EU, this triangular relationship encompasses the ability of the Member States' courts to deal with cross-border disputes which may be important for the forum selection process. An EU model of administration of justice, which allows litigants to choose where to litigate, may result in some jurisdictions being promoted as dominant. This can only happen, of course, because the EU has already created free movement of judgments in large areas of commercial and family law. Once a judgment has been secured in any one EU Member State it should be enforceable in all others with little or no hindrance. However, litigants may have to consider where a judgment is to be actually enforced given that the rules on actual enforcement are not harmonised in the EU (this may be particularly significant in relation to family law disputes). The dominant jurisdictions could be attracting more cross-border cases, and thus some jurisdictions may become a venue of choice for the high value cross-border disputes. It is important to assess, on the basis of relevant empirical data, how the current EU Civil Justice framework is shaping the litigants' strategies and whether the objectives of the EU PIL legislative instruments are effectively pursued in a cross-border context. An empirical study is underway in several Member States, with different legal traditions/heritages.


AIR freight carried by commercial transport operators has increased rapidly in volume during the last five years, especially since 1947. In the first eight months of 1949, for example, domestic cargo flown out of and into the three major airports in the New York City metropolitan area totalled 74,435,169 pounds—an increase of 21 per cent over the 61,541,098 pounds carried in the corresponding period of This cargo growth in one year compares with an increase of 23½ per cent in passenger traffic—from 2,014,370 air passengers during January‐August 1948, to 2,490,250 in the first eight months last year.


Laser plasma soft X-ray sources that operate in the water window and are based on cryogenic targets have been studied. The cryogenic targets used are composed of solid layers of inert gases and are deposition-free targets, which is advantageous for continuous long-lifetime operation using repetitive pulses. The developed laser plasma source has a translating substrate system with a closed He gas cryostat that can continuously supply the cryogenic target, and the source can generate repetitive X-ray pulses continuously. Cryogenic solid Ar and N2 targets were compared for the soft X-ray source when operating in the water window between 2.3 nm and 4.4 nm. The intensity of the water window Xrays from the Ar target was approximately eight times stronger than that from the N2 target at a laser intensity of 5×1012 W/cm2 . At this laser intensity, the Ar plasma source also demonstrated a higher conversion efficiency of 14% and an average power of 140 mW in the water window for a laser energy of 1 J at 1 Hz. This power compares favorably with that of X-rays produced using a synchrotron radiation source. The results also indicated that our source satisfied the requirements for use as a source for a contact X-ray microscope. The developed laser plasma source can be used not only for soft X-ray microscopy but also may be used to replace synchrotron facilities in a variety of other applications.


As in other spheres of historical activity, the modern ecclesiastical historian has tended to examine traditional interpretations of the state of the Elizabethan Church in the light of detailed studies of clerical conditions within limited areas. The local approach has cast into the melting pot many well-established historical assumptions. No longer is it reasonable to condemn the intellectual attainments of the Elizabethan clergy in the terms employed by W. P. M. Kennedy as recently as 1914. The wide fluctuations in standards between dioceses—and even between different archdeaconries within the same diocese—have shown the decisive factors to be essentially local: the distribution of patronage, the proportion of impropriated livings, proximity to London or to a university. A definitive picture of clerical standards and qualifications will not be forthcoming until a representative number of dioceses have undergone this type of analysis.


The morphological changes which take place in the differentiation of the adult Drosophila eye from the larval imaginal disc have been described from a histological and cytological standpoint by Shatoury (1956, 1963) and Shatoury & Waddington (1957). In addition, Gottschewski (1960), Gottschewski & Querner (1961), and Schneider (1964) have studied these processes in eyes and brains in vitro . These latter workers removed eye-antennal anlage with associated structures, and placed them in culture media. Under these conditions, the imaginal discs can apparently undergo most of the normal differentiation processes, finally attaining nearly all of the adult morphology.

The imaginal eye disc can be found in the Drosophila larva as early as the larva's emergence from the egg (Kaliss, 1939), and its size is known to increase during the larval instars primarily through cellular division which, in turn, ceases almost entirely shortly after metamorphosis begins (Hadorn, 1965).


Isomeric C4H9O+(m/e 73) ions have been generated in the mass spectrometer from 12 different alcohols, ethers, acetals, and ketals. Using the criterion of competing metastable abundance ratios, these ions have been shown to decompose, with rate constants ca. 105 s–1, from one of five distinct structures or mixtures of structures. Extensive 2H-labelling has been used to investigate the structures of the decomposing ions, and the mechanisms of decomposition.


This paper will explore the relationship between the methodologies used in archaeology for recording buildings and landscapes and the development of computer visualisation technology, with specific reference to late antique and Byzantine archaeology. The principal aim is to highlight the applicability of visualisation technologies as the critical solutions to the presentation and investigation of survey data and reciprocally to demonstrate that meaningful computer visualisations benefit from a secure underpinning of archaeological survey data. My intention is to show that computer visualisation should not be seen solely as a vehicle for archaeological reconstruction but rather can be viewed as an integral part of the process of interpretation. The first of two case studies is the Anastasian Wall Project, a survey of a massive linear fortification in Turkish Thrace, which presented a series of practical problems both in terms of data capture and representation. The applicability of computer-based techniques for the integration and visualisation of various forms of survey data will be further investigated through the study of the Alacami, a multi-period Byzantine church in Cilicia, before some final comment is made on the current and potential roles of computer visualisation in Byzantine archaeology.


Many children suffer with the effects of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). These effects, which are physical, cognitive, and behavioral, although preventable, are irreversible. The following literature review examines the available information on FAS as well as other fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), including diagnostic information and possible treatments. Information on FASD was used because factors that affect one disorder may have an effect on another and was therefore considered important. Although this condition has been around for a while, relatively little is known about it. At this time the best preventative measure against FAS is alcohol abstinence during pregnancy.


Photograph of large celebration. There are many people standing and seated at a long table . There is an American flag on the right side of the photograph and other people in front of houses in the background.

Front of photograph: "#22 Celebration in Stark Park. Occasion unknown. Early 1920's. Stark carriage house in background."


Vasopressin neurones of the supraoptic nucleus are autoregulated by vasopressin released from their soma and dendrites. Vasopressin binds to specific autoreceptors to trigger an influx of Ca2+, and this response involves both phospholipase C (PLC) and adenylate cyclase (AC) pathways that, in the periphery, are activated by V1 (V1a and V1b)‐ and V2‐type receptors. To investigate the pathways involved in the [Ca2+]i response, [Ca2+]i measurements were made on freshly dissociated neurones using Fura‐2 microspectrofluorimetry, and vasopressin release was measured from isolated supraoptic nuclei. The [Ca2+]i increase and vasopressin release induced by the V1a agonist were strongly inhibited by a PLC blocker, an IP3 receptor antagonist, and a PKC blocker. An AC inhibitor did not affect the V1a response, while PKA inhibitors significantly reduced the V1a‐induced [Ca2+]i and release responses. The [Ca2+]i increase and vasopressin release elicited by the V2 agonist were attenuated not only by AC pathway blockers, but also by PLC inhibitors. Surprisingly, the V1b agonist showed no [Ca2+]i or vasopressin release response. In conclusion, the V1a agonist activates both PLC and AC pathway, confirming the functional expression of a V1a vasopressin receptor on vasopressin neurones. The V2 agonist activation of both PLC and AC pathways could result from an action on the PLC‐linked unknown receptor, and/or the AC‐linked dual angiotensin II‐vasopressin receptor.


Abstract This article discusses the implementation of New Public Management (NPM) concepts in the context of public service reform in Cambodia. There are three main concepts for discussion, which includes contracting out, decentralization and privatization of the public service. It is found that the idea of NPM was largely influenced by development partners and donors who are the main sources of funding for project development and implementation. Even though the government has been trying to adopt this modern concept of public management, the implementation itself has been significantly affected by the political culture, rampant corruption, and the lack of understanding of public service providers. It is recommended that institutional and legal-framework pre-adjustment, capacity building, and especially strong government determination before the implementation of such NPM concepts as contracting out, decentralization and privatization be applied.


The presence of an imbalance between energy supply and myocardial metabolic needs causes myocardial ischemia. Drugs that can interrupt or reduce the adverse metabolic cascade reaction caused by ischemia and the combined name "metabolic cardioprotectors" have a protective effect on the myocardium and have undoubted clinical perspectives. The purpose was to study the cardioprotective properties of new derivatives 3-benzylxanthine (compound A-10, A-12 and A-148) on a model of acute myocardial infarction in rats that simulated Isoprenaline and Pituitrin phased introduction. Cardioprotective activity of the test compounds have been evaluated by reduction of the ST segment on the ECG and reduction of biochemical markers of myocardial ischemic damage and oxidative stress. Test compounds A-10, A-12 and A-148 and the reference preparation Mildronate have been introduced into bioequivalent doses. Estimation of the free-radical oxidation intensity in the myocardium have been determined by markers of oxidative modification of proteins aldehydephenylhydrazones and ketonefephenylhydrazones. About myocardial ischemic injury have been assessed by hyperenzymemia of cardiac isoenzyme Creatine Kinase. Study of cardioprotective properties of new derivatives of 3-benzylxanthine (compounds A-10, A-12 and A-148) have been showed that the test substances may be referred to a cardioprotectors with antioxidant mechanism of action.


We have developed lithium glass detector arrays to measure the energy spectra of neutrons below 1 MeV. The use of a calibrated neutron source spectrum allows measurement of neutron spectra from 0.070 to 14 MeV. The angular distribution and the neutron energy spectra are reported for the Be(d,n) and Be(p,n) neutron source reactions .The applications of these reactions to Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) and neutron radiography are discussed.


Fine-gate polysilicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) and TFT circuits for large-area electronics have been successfully fabricated with a new printing technology. Electric characteristics for an experimental 3- mu m-gate n-channel TFT are comparable to those for conventional TFTs. A 5- mu m design-rule NMOS shift register and 8*8 liquid crystal display (LCD) operations have also been achieved. The printing technology can delineate patterns fine enough to produce large-area high-resolution TFT-LCDs without using an optical mask aligner.<<ETX>>


Report advance Development Goals (MDGs) 2010 year that indicate raising akses to public healt toilet the group to target that needed special attention,because the fast akses that not hope with appropriate.Based on the information from Jember health office, only people in 41 villages out of 289 villages who have habit to defecate anywhere. One of the villages that is still far below the target of base on monitoring 2015 year CLTS, villages Jelbuk.In order to improve from 1036 KK that still do it practice improper defecate this is 891 KK, such as indicate in villages jelbuk still many public that practice improper defecate.This research aims to assess the program in Jelbuk with the approach in public health system .The type of research is descriptive .The results of this research shows that some aspect of the input already in accordance with CLTS regulation from the ministry of health number 3 year 2014 , but the aspect of the provision of human resources in Jelbuk community health center had limitations. Facilitators who did the trigger came from another in Jelbuk community health center.The CLTS target Jelbuk still not achieved in the village, 891kk still do that.In the process of same aspects are in accordance with CLTS regulation from the ministry of health 3 year 2014, but the planning aspect is the purpose of the highest increase of degree in health is still not achieved.In the output to the program still not reached until zero.


Based on the field investigation to communities characteristics of main ecological public welfare forest types in Chun'an,the species composition of plant communities,floristic characteristics,community structure and plant diversity were analyzed in this paper.The results revealed that there were 242 vascular plant species,belonging to 162 genera of 74 families in the ecological public welfare forest of Chun'an.Meanwhile there were complex floristic geography ingredients and the flora of the forest was of tropical in nature with a certain proportion of strong temperate elements.According to Raunkiaer's statistics of life-form,phaenerophytes ranked the absolute superiority.Community diversity index was in the order of broad-leaved forestconiferous and broad-leaved mixed forestconiferous forest,while the species diversity in- dex in different layer of communities was in the order of shrub layerherb layertree layer.


Ferrocement is a composite material consisting of wire mesh or expanded metal, with or without reinforcing rods, in a matrix of cement mortar. This material has gained popularity as a boatbuilding material throughout the world because of its low cost, low maintenance, fire resistance, immunity to worm attack, ease of repair, and ease of fabrication. Because of ferrocement's low strength to weight ratio, however, application has been limited to low performance displacement craft over 30-feet.

The Materials Department has been able to increase the strength-to-weight ratio of ferrocement by a factor of 2 compared to the best commercial ferrocement. This improvement has lead to the construction of a high-speed planing hull boat made of this laboratory developed ferrocement composition. The boat has performed well in testing and has revealed a much greater range of applications for ferrocement in the U. S. Navy.

Parametric studies of ferrocement as a materials system reveal that even more significant increases in engineering properties can be anticipated with further research and development work. This would provide the Navy with an alternate material with high performance capability whose cost and quick-response characteristics are superior to other competitive materials. This technology can also be easily exported to friendly Foreign Navies giving them the ability to develop their own military assets.


We present an experiment designed to study standing waves in a tube with one closed end. Two smartphones are used, one to emit a sound signal with a chosen frequency and another equipped with a microphone to detect the sound pressure level inside the tube. Due to the finite diameter of the tube, the standing wave node (or antinode) appears slightly outside of its opened end so the end correction is applied. Results show a good agreement with the theory, making this proposal suitable to be applied to secondary school classes. It is a low cost experiment and has the potential to increase the understanding of this physical phenomenon by secondary students.


The use of children in advertising and advertising's impact on children is examined in this paper. Children have long been perceived as an effective 'vehicle' to create rational and emotional appeals for different target audiences, but research undertaken to evaluate advertising's impact on children has shown that its effect on them is largely negative. Although question-marks hang over the validity of such research, there are moral issues involved in using children in advertising and in advertising's influencing children's behaviour. Research at Strathclyde University would tend to indicate that the impact on children of cigarette advertising is greater than one would imagine it to be. It is suggested here that because present advertising of cigarettes, already limited to non-TV media, has such a great impact on children, all advertising likely to influence children, even if not aimed at them directly, should be more carefully scrutinized.


by Arthur St. Onge and Sean O. O'Neill This article discusses the development of distribution networks above and beyond those currently in existence, and an exceptionally high level of coordination between the efforts of the pharmaceutical industry and the United States Government since the events of September 11th. The pharmaceutical industry, from a supply chain perspective, faces two significant challenges. The first is increasing pressure to reduce costs relating to the deployment and delivery of pharmaceuticals to the dispensing professional and ultimately to the consumer. This downward cost pressure, which cuts across all supply chains, has helped to drive the demand for even greater efficiency in the supply chain and will become yet more intense in the immediate future as companies struggle to improve their profit pictures. Supply chain managers have responded by implementing "best practices" processes, advanced logistics execution software, and to an increasing degree, automated material handling technology. The second challenge remained unrecognized in a meaningful way prior to September 11th of last year. Almost overnight, America's vulnerability to bio-terrorism attack became evident as a still unknown source began sending anthrax spores through the mail with the intention of infecting its recipients. The creation of a Homeland Security Initiative has put into motion a series of programs that require significant pharmaceutical resources, including a new supply chain. Some of these programs are in the early planning stages and will become clear later in this article. This article addresses the dual challenges to the pharmaceutical supply chain: cost-cutting pressure and creation of a new supply chain to contend with bio-terrorism.


William Cain, PhD is an educator and researcher in the field of educational technology and teacher preparation for 21st Century learning. His teaching and research interests lie at the intersections between instruction, technology, creativity, and innovation. He received his PhD in Educational Psychology and Educational Technology at Michigan State University in 2018. William also served as Assistant Director of the CEPSE Design Studio in MSU's College of Education. He currently serves as Co-Chair for the Creativity SIG of the Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education.


A new species of Scleroderma is described from temperate Oak forest of Phulchoki hill, at the highest peak (2,762 m) ringing the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Smooth to velvety, pseudostipitate basidiome, smaller and sub-reticulate basidiospores in comparison to its close relatives, are key diagnostic features of this newly discovered mushroom. The novelty of the taxon was also confirmed based on phylogenetic analysis using the data sets of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear rDNA sequences along with the analysis of scanning electron micrographs of its basidiospores. A comprehensive description, illustrations, and comparisons with phenetically similar species are provided in this study. Additional surveys are needed to verify the species diversity and clarify their geographic distribution.


especially Augustine, and to the text of the Bible—and, most importantly, to concentrate on original texts. He concludes that as Luther moved from the study of Peter Lombard to a critical investigation of the church fathers and the councils, he developed an enduring interest in the Bible which finally led him to a new understanding of Paul as the teacher of justification by faith. Rather than offering any broad conclusions concerning the nature of humanism and its influence on the young Luther, Junghans only hints at its significance at the end of the book, when he refers to the use of "cybernetic models and metaphors" in Luther research (which he explored more fully in an essay in the 1976 Lutherjahrbuch). Accordingly, Luther's encounter with humanists may be viewed as the main thread that weaves together many strands of late medieval theology and piety in Luther's early intellectual and spiritual development. One hopes that Junghans will offer further evidence of such a main thread in future studies, since this book investigates only the earliest period of Luther's life. To this extent, the careful analysis Junghans has provided in this book is a significant first step in the reassessment of the controversial theme of "Luther and humanism." His study of texts, both from Luther and from the humanists Luther encountered, should yield more substantial results than any broad investigations of ideas regarding Luther's relationship to the late Middle Ages and to his contemporaries.


After three quarters of gradually accelerating recovery, the total output of the OECD countries reached a new peak in the first quarter of 1981—about ½ per cent higher than it had been a year earlier. Demand has revived rather less for consumption (including public authorities' current spending) than it has for investment (table 1), but probably for services rather than goods, as industrial production remained well below its peak (table 2). Geographically the recovery was concentrated in North America and in Japan; in Western Europe output remained depressed, particularly in the industrial sector, and there was not much sign of revival in the second quarter, when a slight fall in output in the United States was probably sufficient to halt the upturn in the OECD area as a whole. There are signs of export-led recovery in West Germany and of levelling out in the United Kingdom, but the Italian economy seems to have turned downwards again and French industrial output remained depressed in the second quarter.


During the 2015-2016 period, by means of cultivating seedling using the seeds of self-pollination of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), in Xishuangbanna tropical botanical Garden (XTBG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the phenotypic characteristics of the self-progenies of the turmeric had been systematically observed. Observation shows that in turmeric progenies, five kinds of idiotypes appeared. They can be divided into arrow-shaped leaf, boat-shaped leaf, bamboo-leafed, willow-shaped leaf, oar-shaped leaf in accordance with differences of leaf shape. The results can provide excellent germplasm resources for high oil varieties of turmeric cultivation.


Public Administration and Management for Effective Governance is, in my own opinion, one of the most comprehensive and user- friendly textbooks of South African origin dealing with the imperatives of effective governance.


A paradox of X-ray binaries is that their strong X-ray flux ionizes much nearby low density gas, making it difficult to observe. Polarization can reveal gas which is fully ionized and can provide new insight into X-ray binary environments. In this talk I will present models for the scattering and polarization in X-ray binaries, adopting gas parameters which are chosen according to current ideas about these systems. These include stellar winds from a massive companion, X-ray induced disk winds, and the photospheres of a disk or binary companion.


From Sep. 1988 to Jan. 1990, we have treated five cases of athlete, who had the posterior and inferior instability of the shoulder joint, with a Kumamoto University—scapular fixed band (k-s band). K-S band, which is desinged by us, fixes inferior angle and medial border of the scapular to keep stability of it.As a result, we found k-s band to be effective and useful. K-s band has certain limitation of the inferior instability. Athletes don't feel the shoulder pain and apprehension of the posterior instability and can start their training again without delay. But it was not effective in some sports, because it limits ROM (horizontal flexion, and horizontal extension).


Background: Serum cholesterol in pulmonary TB patients is lower than healthy controls, but this is not clear if it is a risk factor or a consequence of the disease itself. Study Objectives: To detect any differences in lipid profile between Egyptian TB patients and controls and to test whether this difference changes after treatment or not aiming to prove if the difference is a risk factor for tuberculosis or a consequence of the disease itself. Patients and Methods: For new TB patients, we did a fasting serum lipid profile of serum cholesterol (SC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). All patients received the same four antiTB drugs for 8 weeks then a follow up lipid profile was done. Samples for lipid profile from healthy controls were also taken. Results: We recruited 30 new TB patients, 14 women and 16 men with a mean age ( SD) of 33.4 13.25 years. There were 16 pulmonary TB and 14 other forms as pleural (5), TB lymphadenitis (5), TB peritonitis (4) plus 15 controls. Regarding the whole studied group, only serum triglyceride was significantly lower before treatment than control group (P<0.01) while both serum cholesterol and HDL showed a significant increase after treatment than before it (P<0.01 for both). Regarding pulmonary tuberculosis patients, both serum cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly lower on diagnosis than healthy controls (P<0.05 for both) and only serum cholesterol increased significantly after treatment than before it (P<0.01). Conclusions and recommendations: Hypocholesterolemia in Egyptian patients with pulmonary TB is present at the time of diagnosis. However, it proved to be a consequence of the disease rather than a risk factor as serum cholesterol significantly increased in both pulmonary TB and in the whole group after treatment. [Mohamed M. Metwally and Hesham Abdel Raheem. Lipid Profile in Tuberculous Patients: A Preliminary Report. Life Science Journal 2012; 9(1):719-722]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 103


The aim of the study is to form a holistic image of China as presented in the artistic and journalistic works of Fyodor Dostoevsky. The article examines the issue of China's place in Dostoevsky's works and its special significance for the formation of a holistic picture of the writer's world. A broad historical and cultural background is presented, showing the relevance of Dostoevsky's views on Chinese issues. Despite the existence of works devoted to the Chinese issue in the writer's work, the issue of the place and significance of China in the writer's heritage has not yet been resolved. For the first time, a number of fragments are introduced into academic discourse that reveal Chinese problems in the writer's works. The imagological concept unfolds on the broad material of the entire body of Dostoevsky's texts, bringing the scholarly apparatus of research to a new level. The article uses the following works: White Nights, Humiliated and Insulted, The Village of Stepanchikovo, The House of the Dead, The Idiot, Crime and Punishment, The Possessed, The Brothers Karamazov, the poem "On European Events in 1854", A Writer's Diary, preparatory materials for A Writer's Diary, notebooks of 1864 and 1865. It is concluded that the understanding of the Chinese theme is in harmony with the general journalistic trends of the second half of the 19th century, on the one hand; on the other hand, the unique place of China in Dostoevsky's creative mind is emphasized. A clear structure of the constituents that form the writer's idea of China is proposed. China is considered in several significant aspects. China is a symbol of the alien and the distant. China is like a set of clichés and a fashion for Chinese household items. China is a real threat to the outskirts of Russia, Siberia. These positions are consistently analyzed in the article. The article also analyzes the Chinese attributes found in different works by Dostoevsky, demonstrates the writer's acquaintance with the clichéd idea of China. The position of understanding China as a symbol of the alien and the distant is considered in detail. The article shows how the author imposes the realities of Chinese statehood and the principles of organizing society on Russian reality based on the key theme of chaos and disorder. Particular attention is paid to the perception of China as a real threat to the outskirts of Russia. In considering this aspect, Dostoevsky's geopolitical ideas about the place and role of Siberia in the issue of the revival of Russia are touched upon. The need to expand the understanding of the specifics of Dostoevsky's Asian views is shown by including a detailed analysis of China and the Asian outskirts of Russia, which undoubtedly are part of the writer's circle of special reflections on the role and mission of Russia.


Abstract The Italian Oros Survey on Wages and Labour Cost is an innovative case of short-term statistics produced with the help of administrative sources in order to cover all size enterprises in the private sectors. The use of administrative data in short-term statistics implies paying attention to unusual statistical quality aspects. Statisticians cannot prevent or reduce no-sampling errors in raw administrative data capturing, and some ex-post traditional editing techniques, like questionnaire revision and enterprise recalling, are not applicable. The complexity of the production process is also caused by the huge number of records and the highly disaggregated level of raw data. In fact, given the short-time constraint in the releases, the Italian NSO was obliged to capture data from the Italian Social Security Institute without any previous process of aggregation and checking. So, the retrieval and translation of the administrative data into statistical information is one of the most critical aspect to be faced at the beginning of the process; and its effectiveness has a significant impact on the quality of the final indicators. For this purpose, a metadata database, used as a translation scheme, has to be produced and constantly updated by Istat, according to laws, regulations, and contribution rates, so to follow frequent changes in concepts and definitions. On the other hand, the availability of very disaggregated data allows for the exploitation of a very rich informative source for different statistical aims, and for a more direct control on the overall translation phase. When the statistical variables have been made available, a more traditional micro level check procedure is applied. Editing on outliers and anomalous values, and imputation of unit non responses may consequently be needed, with a particular attention to influential observations. Considerations linked to the quality of data suggest a micro-level integration between the administrative source and the Large Enterprises Survey data. Nevertheless, the integration involves a record-linkage aspect and the computation of harmonised variables. At the end of the process, a macro data validation is carried out which implies, among other aspects, time series analysis and macro-level comparisons with other statistical sources. Finally, the standardization and documentation of the whole check and editing process is a fundamental target of the Oros quality procedure.


A Dual-Feed Open-Slot antenna that is utilized by bottom metal frame of handset is proposed in this paper. The proposed Dual-Feed antenna has two feeding ports which are set on both sides between grounding port. Through the left feeding port, one mode is excited to cover high band(2300MHz-2700MHz). Through the right feeding port, three modes are excited to cover low band and middle band(700MHz-960MHz, 1700MHz-2200MHz). The two Feeding ports get a simulated isolation better than 12dB through filters design in matching circuits. Furthermore, through the optimal design, right feeding port can also cover 2300MHz-2400MHz. The isolation is better than 10dB and the ECC is lower than 0.07.A prototype is fabricated and measured. The isolation is better than 13dB.


We reviewed 12 cases of Staphylococcus aureus meningitis occurring over a 5-year period in five neurosurgery divisions at the Policlinico Umberto I. Six patients had an intraventricular shunt, five had craniotomy, and one had spinal surgery. All patients had one or more underlying causes other than surgery that might have predisposed to infection. Clinical presentation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) laboratory findings did not distinguish this form of meningitis from other acute bacterial meningitides. Gram stain of centrifuged CSF showed gram-positive cocci in 83% of cases. Blood cultures were positive in 25% of cases. Overall mortality was 50%. Eight CSF isolates were simultaneously resistant to oxacillin and rifampicin. Six of 10 patients treated with a glycopeptide were cured or improved. The remaining two patients with an oxacillin-susceptible S. aureus infection were cured: one was treated with cefamandole, the other one with ciprofloxacin and rifampicin.


This article intends to reflect a new tendency of China's new trade policy to utilise more effectively the World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules with the support of emerging public-private networks, at bilateral, regional and multilateral levels. Based on legal pluralism and network theory, this article argues that although still far from an active user of the dispute-settlement mechanism, China is gradually building up its legal capacity for challenging foreign trade barriers, by actively engaging the private sector and mobilising resources of domestic industries. It particularly focuses on how this new trend has been reflected on three recent high-profile disputes: textile, footwear and car parts, and concludes that the pattern of China's trade policy indicates that both China and its trading partners have realised that their trade relations are developing under the shadow of WTO law.


Hollow silica waveguides with internal reflective coatings of silver and silver iodide were tested for optical performance after continuous exposure to 125°C for up to 1300 hours in air. The waveguides were evaluated periodically for mechanical degradation, optical spectral loss, optical loss in bending, and CO2 laser power transmission. The waveguides were found to survive the extended high temperature exposure both mechanically and optically. Mechanically, the internal reflective coatings show no visible signs of deterioration or delamination from the silica tubing substrate. Optically, the waveguides exhibited 1dB/m increase in attenuation at both the 10.6μm and 2.9μm wavelengths for the CO2 and Er:YAG optimized waveguides, respectively. In optical loss in bending, the CO2 optimized waveguides exhibited a 0 -2 dB loss for one 360°, 40cm diameter bend at 10.6μm. The Er:YAG optimized waveguide exhibited higher variability in optical loss in bending and requires further study to determine the true bend loss. The CO2 optimized waveguides were also tested for CO2 (10.6μm) laser power transmission. The change in CO2 laser optical loss pre to post thermal aging was (formula available in book). The post aging waveguides were also shown to transit up to 90W output of CO2 power with no indication of degradation of the internal reflective coatings.


ABSTRACT In this study, elastomer toughening is explored as a means of recovering ductility of polyamide 6/intumescent flame-retardant composite systems. This was achieved using a maleic anhydride modified SEBS elastomer incorporated into the system by twin-screw melt extrusion. TEM micrographs show an even distribution of both flame retardant and elastomer particles. The effects of elastomer content on mechanical properties, Izod impact behavior, and flammability of the polymer system were investigated. The incorporation of flame retardant significantly degraded the elongation and ductility of the polymer system. The addition of the elastomer succeeded in significantly enhancing the Izod impact strength and partially recovering the elongation at break without compromising the flame-retardant performance. Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC) tests show that samples containing both elastomer and FR additives exhibit slightly improved combustion properties compared to the original polyamide 6/intumescent flame-retardant system. Rubber loadings of up to 15 wt% were possible while still achieving the highest UL-94 V0 flame exposure rating indicating a self-extinguishing and non-drip behavior. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Agglomeration of noble metal particles has been a long-standing obstacle in the preparation of planar, finely dispersed, metal cluster−oxide support model catalyst systems. A solution deposition method was devised. Six-atom gold clusters, in the form of [Au6(PPh3)6][BF4]2 (Au6L6), were deposited onto a TiO2(110) single crystal after an acetone pretreatment of the substrate and examined with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). STM revealed single-unit entities of clusters ca. 1 nm in height, corresponding to the six-atom Au center with the triphenyl phosphine ligands attached. As a check on the success of the homogeneous dispersion, electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) was performed, irradiating the TiO2(110) surface with a 0.12 C cm-2 electron beam flux followed by STM, HREELS, and XPS. Evidence for ligand removal was shown by a pronounced reduction in height in the STM, a disappearance of the aromatic...


The utility model provides an air discharging door structure which comprises an air discharging door shell body. An air inlet cylinder is arranged in an air inlet port of the air discharging door structure, the air inlet cylinder inclines downwards at a certain angle from inside to outside, a sealing cylinder which can slide in the air inlet cylinder in an upward and downward mode is arranged in the air inlet cylinder, and the outer circumferential face of the air inlet cylinder is matched with the inner circumferential face of the air inlet cylinder. When the sealing cylinder is located at the bottom of the air inlet cylinder, an air inlet hole of the air inlet cylinder is sealed by the sealing cylinder. When the sealing cylinder is located on the top of the air inlet cylinder, the air inlet hole of the air inlet cylinder is communicated with an air outlet hole of the air inlet cylinder. The air discharging door structure has the advantages of being large in air inlet amount when opened and good in sealing effect when closed. The air discharging door structure effectively overcomes various disadvantages in the prior art and then has high industrial use value.


The behavior oi the central region of a collapsing star with spherical symmetry and a finite pressure gradient is studied from the standpoint of boundary conditions at the center r=O. In the case of adiabatic collapse, Einstein's equations supplemented by an equation of state are reduced to four independent equations for five unknown functions of the time variable t only. This arbitrariness is analogous to that in the selection of initial Cauchy data at t=O in the Misner-Sharp approach and it enables us to construct a variety of models for the central region regular at all times. W c also touch upon the case of non-adiabatic collapse by introducing a suitable parameter whose n:~ciprocal stands for the time-scale of the energy flow near r=O.


Network studies of science greatly advance our understanding of both the knowledge-creation process and the flow of knowledge in society. As noted in the introductory chapter, science can be defined fruitfully as a social network of scientists together with the cognitive network of knowledge items (Boerner et al, 2010). The cognitive structure of science consists of relationships between scientific ideas, and the social structure of science is mostly manifested as relationships between scientists. Here, we confine our attention to these relations. In particular, co-authorship networks among scientists are a particularly important part of the collaborative social structure of science. Modern science increasingly involves "collaborative research", and this is integral to the social structure of science. Ziman argues that the organizational units of modern science are groups and not individuals (Ziman, 1994, pp. 227).1 Namely, co-authorship in science presents a more substantial indicator than just scientific communication in one way or another. In continuation, we focus on the dynamics of different kinds of co-authorship networks.


Ovarian hyperstimulation most commonly occurs iatrogenically in association with assisted reproductice technologies. Incidence of iatrogenic ovarian hyperstimulation is 0,2-1%. There are only a few cases of pregnancies associated with recurrent spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation. This report describes a case in which a naturally conceived pregnancy was associated with recurrent spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation with hypothyroidism. The etiopathogenesis of spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation is unclear. It was suggested that polycystic ovary syndrome, twin and molar pregnancies in which the endogenous hCG levels were higher than normal, mutation in the FSH receptor could be risk factors for spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation. Hypothyroidism is another risk factor for the development of spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation.


Objective To understand the incidence trend of hepatitis A in Guangyuan and provide evidence for prevention and control.Methods The descriptive analysis was conducted on the incidence data of hepatitis A in Guangyuan from 1997 to 2008.Results A total of 8867 hepatitis A cases were reported during this period,the average annual incidence rate was 24.33/105.The male to female ratio of the cases was 152:100.The average age of the cases was 25.9 years old.Farmer was the mostly affected population(42.9%),followed by student(26.42%) and worker(8.39%),the cases among them accounted for 76.9% of the total.The case was reported all the year round,but more cases were reported during April August,accounting for 51.28% of the total.Conclusion Hepatitis A occurred more frequently from April to August in Guangyuan.Farmers,students and workers were the major populations to be affected.It is necessary to strengthen health education,promote health lifestyle and conduct vaccination to prevent hepatitis A.


Organised by reaction type, this review highlights the unique reactivity of thiocarbonyl (C=S) groups with radicals, anions, nucleophiles, electrophiles, in pericyclic reactions, and in the presence of light. In the...


The surface EMG area often exhibits progressive enlargement during a submaximal fatiguing contraction, but the underlying reasons still remain uncertain. Fatigue‐induced changes in the surface‐detected motor unit action potentials (S‐MUAPs) of 10 human thenar motor units (MUs) with widely differing physiological properties were examined. After 2 min of repetitive 40‐Hz stimulation, the size of the S‐MUAPs of all MUs increased, the magnitude of which was negatively correlated with their tetanic tension changes. These findings suggest that during muscle fatigue, in addition to reflecting recruitment of new MUs and increases in firing rates of the active MUs, the surface EMG may also be markedly influenced by changes in the S‐MUAPs, especially in fast fatigable muscles. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 21: 1786–1789, 1998


Harmonic generation and wideband distributed mixing by using a nonlinear transmission line is presented. Distributed filtering by periodic loading of the NLTL with resonant circuits is proposed to reject the unwanted signals. A novel method for predicting the stopband of the filter by using the Floquet analysis is proposed in this paper. Circuit simulations are conducted utilizing a harmonic balance simulator. The suggested filtering technique is applied to a frequency doubler to provide a cleaner output signal and to a NLTL mixer for image rejection


In this study we experimentally investigate lubricating characteristics or metallic contact characteristics at a small end bearing of a connecting rod in reciprocating compressors for household refrigerators. In practical operation of the compressor, a periodically changing load acts on the small end bearing and a piston pin rotates periodically in the bearing bore during one revolution of the shaft, which makes formation of oil film at that bearing difficult. In order to observe the condition of metallic contact at the bearing, electrodes were mounted on the sliding surface at the bearing and variations of the contact resistance were measured using a simple electric circuit. Combinations of refrigerant and refrigeration oil used in this study were HFC-134a/ester oil and CFC-12/mineral oil, and the measurement was performed under different operating pressures, temperatures and rotational speed of the compressor. It was concluded, from the observation of electric signals from the electrodes, that there occurs partial metallic contact at the small end bearing during one revolution of the compressor, there exists a correlation between the metallic contact rate and the value of U/Fc (ratio of sliding velocity to load) as the metallic contact increases with decreasing U/Fc, there is no significant difference in lubricating characteristics between HFC-l34a/ester oil and CFC-12/mineral oil.


The potentials of employment-intensive investment programmes (EIIPs) have not been fully appreciated, especially in responding to profound changes in an increasingly globalized economic system, which has left millions of workers either surplus to the requirements of the labour market or engaged in it yet unable to earn a decent living wage. This situation is exacerbated by factors such as technological advances, protracted conflicts, accelerating climate change and environmental degradation. All of this is contributing to social unrest, migration and conflict. EIIPs can take the form of either public infrastructure programmes (PIPs), which increase aggregate demand within the national economy, or government-implemented public employment programmes (PEPs). Focusing on PEPs, the analysis shows that ILO innovations in relation to EIIPs can contribute to social justice, promote investment in capabilities, promote resilience through the sustainability of assets created and contribute to peacebuilding. They can also contribute to addressing the challenges of inequality, exclusion and vulnerability by creating a more inclusive labour market, particularly by enhancing household and community resilience as demonstrated by the Jobs for Peace and Resilience flagship programme. The operational experience of EIIPs in recent decades has also shown that working with community-level and national stakeholders can strengthen and build local institutions and contribute to a more inclusive and productive society. Identifying the fiscal space to implement multisectoral national PEPs that address today's economic, social and environmental challenges may be an appropriate approach to building a more resilient and peaceful society.


With the fast steps of China's entering into the international and global societies,how to promote Chinese regional economic cooperation becomes to be an important tissue for both the central and local governments.This paper analyzes the realization of Chinese regional economic cooperation from the systemic obstacles,and explores the way to perfecting it.


PURPOSE Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterised by low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels and an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. We aimed to assess: (1) differences in hematological biomarkers between individuals with tetraplegia (TETRA) and paraplegia (PARA) and, (2) associations between hematology profile and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). METHODS Cross-sectional data from 67 participants (TETRA; n = 21; age: 42 ± 11 yrs, 6F/15M. PARA; n = 46; age: 43 ± 10 yrs, 9F/37M) with chronic SCI (>1 yr) were collected at two research centers. Peak oxygen uptake (V ̇O2 peak) was determined using an upper-body arm-crank exercise test to volitional exhaustion and hematological biomarkers measured using an automated hematology system, respectively. RESULTS RDW was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in TETRA (13.9 ± 0.6%) compared to PARA (13.0 ± 1.1%). Besides mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (tetraplegia = 336 ± 8 vs. paraplegia = 349 ± 15, P < 0.01) there were no other significant differences in hematological outcomes between injury groups. Large negative associations were found between absolute (Fig. 1A) and relative (Fig. 1B) V ̇O2 peak with RDW. Multiple linear regressions accounting for sex as a co-variate did not influence the strength of these associations. Classifying participants by population-specific absolute (Fig. 1C) and relative (Fig. 1D) V ̇O2 peak revealed significant differences in RDW. CONCLUSION These strong negative associations between CRF and RDW in individuals with SCI parallel those previously observed in able-bodied individuals. Higher RDW values (i.e. anisocytosis) is an independent risk factor for increased CV mortality, heart failure, and coronary heart disease and may reflect several underlying exacerbated metabolic responses such as oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. These data emphasize the importance of maintaining a high CRF in individuals with SCI.


The world's population is aging and all countries in the world are experiencing growth in the number and proportion
of older persons. India is no exception to this demographic transition. With the rapidly increasing number of aged,
the care of elderly has emerged as an important issue before the country. This change presents wide-ranging and
complex health, social, and economic challenges, both current and future, to which this diverse and heterogeneous
country must rapidly adapt. This paper is an attempt to review and discuss the context, scope, and magnitude of
India's demographic changes. Further it elaborated the need and concerns of elderly, various psycho-social
problems faced by them and impact of population aging on different sphere of country's resources. This paper also
discussed the increasing inclination of elderly towards the old age homes and the possible reasons behind it. This
chapter also presents an overview of several governmental, recent and ongoing efforts and initiatives, to adapt to
population aging and provide support to older adults and their families. It concludes with recommendations that
may serve as a productive next step forward, keeping in mind the need for urgent and timely action on the part of
government, NGO's, researchers, and general population.


A d iscuss ion o f t h e modal ana lys is o f a r o t a t i n g f l e x i b l e s t r u c t u r e , i n c l u d i n g the i n f l u e n c e o f t h e s t r u c t u r e ' s mass i d e a l i z a t i o n i s presented. A b r i e f d iscuss ion o f the formul a t i o n o f t h e equat ions o f mot ion f o r t h e system i s inc luded t o a i d i n understanding t h e o r i g i n o f the va r ious terms appearing i n these equat i o n s . F i n i t e element techniques and t h e i r corresponding m a t r i x form have been assumed t o represent the f l e x i b l e s t r u c t u r e . Modal analys i s r e s u l t s are presented i l l u s t r a t i n g the i n f l uence o f mass represen ta t ion , f i n i t e element model f i d e l i t y , s t r u c t u r a l o r i e n t a t i o n , and r o t a t i o n a l r a t e on the p r e d i c t i o n o f t h e dynamic c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e s t r u c t u r e .


This paper examines the importance of HR employability and their relationship with employment within the food industry in Indonesia, specifically in Aqiqah business services. This is a review of the literature related to the provision of HR empowerment program to sustain business competitiveness and economic growth in Aqiqah business services. The effects of organizational culture are examined to address the employees' behaviors concerning the fairness of treatment, trust, and delivery of promises. This review was undertaken to explore the significance of skill shortages and skill mismatches. The paper suggested that the role of HR Empowerment program schemes to ensure for employees' employability as dynamic capabilities action deeply, along with positive employment relationships, are the key to support Aqiqah business services in dealing with a competitive advantage
Keywords: employability, competitive advantages, dynamic capabilities


It is perhaps no exaggeration to say that of all the problems American economists have struggled with in the last half century, they have less to show for their efforts in the area of monopoly and antitrust issues than in any other. As economists we have made little progress in helping adopt public policy to the needs and inevitabilities of the modern economy. Professor Mason, one of our distinguished authorities in this area, has said simply: "... the most that can be said of the results of monopoly investigations in economics is that they cast doubts on a number of traditional legal attitudes on the question of monopoly and restraint of trade, and that they emphasize a number of relevant considerations usually neglected by interpreters of public policy."' But when these considerations have been translated into suggestions for policy, economists have failed to provide Congress, administrative agencies, and the courts with any tangible, concrete criteria on the basis of which they might proceed without equivocation in developing or executing an appropriate and unambiguous program. One might almost be driven to conclude that, economists being on the whole ingenious fellows, their failure to have come up with any such criteria is evidence that none are possible. But this would be a hasty conclusion, for it is the purpose of this paper to suggest some. Before doing so, however, a look at the present state of the antitrust program and some typical suggestions for its improvement is in order.


A bare nanometric aperture milled in a metallic film forms a simple nanophotonic device that can strongly enhance the optical properties of nearby emitters such as fluorescent molecules. In this paper, we experimentally and numerically compare the properties of circular apertures milled in gold and aluminum, and discuss the influence of a noble metal holding plasmonic resonances in the visible range such as gold. We report that nanometric apertures milled in gold exhibit significantly higher fluorescence enhancement factors than apertures in aluminum. We relate this effect to a larger enhancement of the excitation intensity and radiative rate for an aperture milled in gold. A spectrally resolved analysis of the fluorescence emission from apertures is also presented. Comparison with numerical simulations shows that the enhancement factor is maximum when the photonic density of modes is maximum. Altogether, these results provide crucial knowledge for the design of nanoapertures towards high-efficiency single-molecule analysis.


This title presents an extensive evaluation of emission control technologies, models for estimating air emissions, and properties and categorization of wastes.


Most group discussion textbooks emphasize that good solution, emerge from a variety of positions proposed through systematic, rational discourse, which allows for flexibility during problem‐solving which culminates in a high quality solution. This study attempts to test that assumption empirically; that is, quality decisions are produced through rational discourse. The study consists of simulated discussion of the horse‐trading problem, controlling for levels of substantive conflict, affective conflict, and sex. The results indicate (1) no differences in overall quality; (2) significant difference on flexibility between highly substantive and nonsubstantive discussions; (3) the significant difference on flexibility in substantive conditions is accounted for by male participants, not women; and (4) no difference on flexibility between affective conditions.


The Brayton Power Conversion Unit (BPCU) located at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in Cleveland, OH was used to validate the results of a computational code known as Closed Cycle System Simulation (CCSS). Conversion system thermal transient behavior was the focus of this validation. The BPCU was operated at various steady state points and then subjected to transient changes involving shaft rotational speed and thermal energy input. These conditions were then duplicated in CCSS. Validation of the CCSS BPCU model provides confidence in developing future Brayton power system performance predictions, and helps to guide high power Brayton technology development.


Since humans and ecosystems require adequate, reliable water supplies, hydro-climatic variability and extremes pose serious threats to society and the environment. Western Canada, including the Athabasca River Basin (ARB), is prone to considerable hydro-climatic variability including periodic extreme droughts and excessive moisture conditions. The main causes of these extremes are persistent, mid-tropospheric circulation patterns that disrupt expected precipitation and temperature. However, no investigation has specifically focused on the occurrence and causes of both past and future hydro-climatologic variability within the ARB. Assessment of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) reveals substantial inter-annual and decadal-scale variability over the entire ARB and its individual reaches, with no discernible trends during the last ~100 years. Evaluation of the 500-hPa circulation patterns associated with identified hydro-climatic extremes shows that major droughts are related to higher frequencies of distinctive ridging patterns over the ARB and fewer incidences of troughing. Excessive moisture conditions tend to have opposite patterns. Projections from several regional climate models reveal an average change toward more drought-like summer and slightly wetter annual conditions over the ARB, but there is a substantial range for individual models ranging from a considerable increase in drought with a higher degree of inter-annual variability, to relatively little change from current conditions. Simulated changes to key atmospheric circulations are consistent with these SPEI projections and indicate that those patterns associated with hydro-climatic extremes will continue in the future and in some cases, increase in frequency. Results from this analysis have quantified historical hydro-climatic variability in the ARB and have provided insight into potential future conditions as driven by changes to surface climate and synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation patterns.


PURPOSE
Pain and cognitive impairment are frequent symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Neglecting experimental pain and paying attention to demanding tasks is reported to decrease the pain intensity. Little is known about the interaction between chronic neuropathic pain and attention disorders in MS. Recently, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was used to modulate various cognitive and motor symptoms in MS. We aimed to study the effects of transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), a form of transcranial electric stimulation, over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on attention and neuropathic pain in MS patients.

METHODS
16 MS patients were included in a randomized, sham-controlled, cross-over study. Each patient randomly received two tRNS blocks, separated by three weeks of washout interval. Each block consisted of three consecutive daily sessions of either active or sham tRNS. The patients were evaluated for pain, attention and mood and further underwent an electrophysiological evaluation.

RESULTS
Compared to sham, tRNS showed a trend to decrease the N2-P2 amplitudes of pain related evoked potentials and improve pain ratings. Attention performance and mood scales did not change after stimulations.

CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests the role of tRNS in pain modulation, which could have been more evident with longer stimulation protocols.


The statistic properties of photon of a light-atoms interaction system,and two atoms in Bell states interacting with two-mode entangled coherent field,were investigated by means of quantum theory and numerical method.The effect on the statistic properties of photon induced by the atomic initial state,mean photon numbers of field,the degree of the entanglement for the entangled coherent fields,and the coupling strength of dipole-dipole interaction between atoms were analyzed by numerical calculations.The results indicate that photon anti-bunching effect does not appear for the Bell state |β00〉 or |β10〉,however there can appear the photon anti-bunching effect under some conditions for the Bell state |β01〉 or |β11〉 appears.In the case,the photon anti-bunching effect depends on the mean photon numbers intensively.The influence of the degree of entanglement for the two-mode entangled coherent fields and the coupling strength of dipole-dipole interaction between atoms on the statistic properties of photon is small.


The effects of N fertiliser and poultry manure, applied to potato crops, on soil mineral N (SMN) after harvest and on the grain N offtake (N off ) and yield of subsequent unfertilised cereal crops, were measured at six sites in England during 1989-1994. At three sites of medium textured soil N off increased by between 0 and 49 kg ha -1 and grain yield by between 0 and 2.1 t ha -1 , with increasing potato fertiliser N (PFN). The increases were greatest at applications of fertiliser N in excess of the optimum requirement for potatoes. No responses were found on two sandy and one shallow soil. Poultry manure applied in autumn or spring before the potatoes were planted increased N off by between 0 and 52 kg ha -1 and yield by between 0 and 2.1 t ha -1 at one site on medium textured soil but not on one of the two sandy soils. These results suggest that, at the rates of fertiliser N currently recommended for potatoes, the N requirement of subsequent cereal crops may be reduced by between 20 and 40 kg ha -1 on retentive soils but not on sandy and shallow soils. These reductions are less than currently recommended. However, the results also suggest that adjusting cereal fertiliser N according only to previous crop is unsatisfactory. The range of fertiliser N applied to potato crops in commercial practice is sufficiently great to significantly affect N off , yield and hence the fertiliser N requirement of the subsequent cereal crop.


A quantiative study of chain transfer and inhibition reactions makes it possible to determine the ratios kx/Kp where Kp and kx are the rate coefficients for propagation and for chain tranfer, respectively. Since the absolute values of the constants Kp are known for a number of monomers it is possible to determine the absolute values of the constants kx. We have investigated the inhibiting action of some types of aromatic compounds in the polymerization of vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and methyl methacrylate. In the polymerization of vinyl acetate the inhibiting effect of the aromatic hydrocarbons increases in the order: toluene, diphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene. The logarithm of kx is linearly related to the logarithm of the methyl affinity. The inhibiting effect increases on incorporating substituents, both electrondonating and electron-accepting, in the benzene ring. There is no relation, however, between the value of kx and Hammet's σ-constant. An outstanding position is assumed by nitrobenzene, for which kx is higher by 3–4 orders of magnitude than that of the other substituted benzenes. The incorporation of substitutents in the meta and para positions of the benzene ring follows the Hammet rule, the electron-donating substituents causing a decrease in the kx values. Similar relations are observed in the polymerization of methyl acrylate, but the absolute values of kx are lower by 3–4 orders of magnitude than in the polymerization of vinyl acetate. Because of this, under the experimental conditions the interaction of the polymethyl acrylate radical with molecules of the transier agent was not revealed (kx < 0.21 1./mole-sec. at 50°) in the case of many of the substances investigated, for instance of all mono-substituted benzenes except nitrobenzene. A comparison of the kx values for polyvinyl acetate, polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, and acrylonitrile radicals permits a number of conclusions to be made concerning the influence of the polar factor on radical reactions. The data obtained lead to definite conclusions as to the inhibiting mechanism of aromatic compounds. The primary act is the addition of the polymer radical to the aromatic ring with the formation of a nonreactive radical. In the case of nitro compounds, the polymer radical reacts with the nitro group, probably by transferring to it a β-hydrogen atom. It has been found that in the polymerization of vinyl acetate in the presence of the inhibitors in question each molecule of the latter terminates two kinetic chains; regeneration of the chains does not take place, and the polymer molecules form as the result of disproportionation between the polymer radical and the radical formed during interaction of the former with the inhibitor molecule.


In a recent paper, Dattatri compared the Scott spectrum with the energy spectrum obtained from the waves recorded off the west cost of India. They showed good correlation of the data with the theoretical spectral model. The Scott spectral formula is independent of the wind speed, fetch or duration and, as such, should represent a fully developed sea spectrum. However, waves in the ocean are, generally, partially developed, particularly during a storm. Because of the complexity of the wave generation under these conditions, it is probably impossible to predict a generation model in a simple mathematical formula that accounts for all possible atmospheric instabilities. On the other hand, for simplicity in the analysis, the long-term predictions of an offshore structure must depend on a simple mathematical spectral model in the lack of actual measured data. Therefore, it is always of interest to compare available measured data from various parts of the world under different environmental conditions with these mathematical models.


The plane problem of the linear theory of elasticity for optical disk loading concentrated forces and moments on the contour was investigated. Expressions for displacements and compliance coefficients of the disk in the points of concentrated load action were received.


THE EFFECT of ethoxylated fatty amines on the corrosion behaviour of mild steel-which is used in petroleum pipelines-in I M HCl has been investigated using weight loss and potentiostatic-polarization techniques. The values of inhibition efficiency obtained from the weight-loss measurements was found to be in good agreement with those obtained from the potentiostatic polarization study. They increased with increasing concentration, number of ethylene oxide units, and with decreasing temperature. Inhibition is explained on the basis of adsorption of these compounds on the steel surface through their ethoxy groups, and the adsorption obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Some thermodynamic parameters were calculated and are discussed.


This paper describes a new indicator of research impact or influence, namely the research experience of health advisory committee members in 21 European countries, and how this relates to the burden of disease in those countries. Attention is confined to five noncommunicable diseases (NCDs): Cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, mental disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases, and the 5 years 2009–2013. In 2010, these five disease groups accounted for 57% of the disease burden in Europe as measured by Disability-Adjusted Life Years. The file of advisers' research papers contained 12,854 biomedical articles and reviews in the Web of Science, of which 5713 were concerned with one or more of the five NCDs. This output was compared with the relative disease burden in the countries concerned, and with the burden from different manifestations of these diseases such as cancer sites and alcoholism and dementia among mental disorders. such as alcoholism and dementia. The extent of other European countries' contributions to the advisers' research portfolios was also determined; it was higher than expected.


What determines carrier types in organic semiconductors? This question is growing in the recent studies of organic field-effect transistors (FETs), because ambipolar operation has been effected in FETs of several organic semiconductors. This means that the carrier type — electron or hole — could be controlled by the external voltage although each organic semiconductor is considered to have either por n-character in normal conduction. The origin of such a native carrier type is, in most cases, empirically explained by the energy positions of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) relative to the work function of the electrode metal. This answer is, however, too naı̈ve and not quantitative, judging from the recent surface-science results that point out the absence of universal rule for the energy alignment at the metal–organic semiconductor interfaces. In this study, we succeeded in changing the carrier injection barriers and observing the resultant change of carrier type in an organic FET. The key factor is the usage of an identical specimen for both electrical and electronic measurements. The field-effect mobilities, evaluated from conventional three-terminal measurements, decreased exponentially with precisely evaluated charge injection barrier, independent of carrier type; this suggests that the carrier type of intrinsic organic semiconductors is not determined a priori but is governed by the formation of an interface with a metal electrode. Recently, ambipolar nature has been regarded as one of the prominent characteristics of intrinsic organic semiconductors. Discrimination between nand p-type organic


The UK Financial Services and Markets Act (FSMA) 2000 has introduced a new 'lighthanded' regulatory regime for energy market participants. The following paper shows how it changes the playing field for energy traders, producers and distributors.


This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the implementation of CLT in higher secondary level in rural Bangladesh. It reveals that CLT has been espoused minimally by the rural teachers in their English Language Teaching (ELT) classroom. An ethnographic approach was employed to investigate how the rural teachers utilize CLT in their classroom. A total of 46 teaching sessions of two participant teachers from two different schools were observed for six months, from April 2018 to October 2018. Every teaching session lasted for 45 minutes. In total, 34 hours and 50 minutes were spent for classroom observation. Thematic approach was employed to scrutinize the collected data. The research findings revealed lack of exposure to target language, teacher-centred classroom practices, exam-oriented classroom instead of communication-oriented and logistic limitation as the factors affecting the implementation of CLT. Finally, to address these factors for a successful implementation of CLT in rural Bangladesh, this study calls for improved teacher training, examination system with the incorporation of listening and speaking tests, and better classroom facility with technological support.


At the Twelfth Five-year Plan period,under the background of industry adjustment,higher vocational college in Hebei faces new opportunities.But there are still some challenges,such as decreasing number of examinee,increasing appealing of overseas college for Chinese students,and rising number of colleges to undergraduate teaching.Only by learning experience of foreign country,perfecting legal system of higher vocational education,making reasonable strategy,and developing higher vocational education based on regional economy can improve Hebei higher vocational education step by step.


The flanges of a wheel pair restrict its lateral displacements with respect to the track. The rolling of the flange onto the rail head is an extremely dangerous regime of motion which can lead to a crash. The identification of conditions generating such a regime is complicated by high order of the model of the system, rather large difference between natural frequencies, and essential nonlinearity. To analyze the motion of carriages, both simplified models (e.g., those of [1, 2]) and multibody models (e.g., [3]) have been utilized. Contact forces between the wheel and the rail can be modeled by Coulomb friction. In this case, additional conditions should be added to account for the possibility of slip [1, 2]. If the contact forces in the multibody model are accounted for by Carter's hypothesis, the analysis is complicated by high order of the model and large number of parameters [3]. Analysis of crash situations indicates that derailment of carriages occurs mostly on curved segments of the track [4]. In the present paper, we utilize the methods of separation of motions to construct an approximate mathematical model in which the number of degrees of freedom and parameters is reasonably small to enable one to investigate the appearance of emergency conditions by means of analytical methods.


The aim of this literature review was to summarize human studies on the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors on periodontal status. Today TNF-α inhibitors is an established treatme ...


We proposed the construction of the differential calculus on the quantum group and its subgroup with the property of the natural reduction: the differential calculus on the quantum group $GL_q(2,C)$ has to contain the differential calculus on the quantum subgroup $SL_q(2,C)$ and quantum plane $C_q(2|0)$ (''quantum matrjoshka''). We found, that there are two differential calculi, associated to the left differential Maurer--Cartan 1-forms and to the right differential 1-forms. Matched reduction take the degeneracy between the left and right differentials. The classical limit ($q\to 1$) of the ''left'' differential calculus and of the ''right'' differential calculus is undeformed differential calculus. The condition ${\cal D}_qG=1$ gives the differential calculus on $SL_q(2,C)$, which contains the differential calculus on the quantum plane $C_q(2|0)$.


It has important social and practical significance that bank uniformly payes out wages of workers and staff members. The paper introduces a design of system paying out wages based on network linking bank and department of finance.


Craig W. Somerton is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Michigan State University. He teaches in the area of thermal engineering including thermodynamics, heat transfer, and thermal design. He has also taught the capstone design course for the department. Dr. Somerton has research interests in computer design of thermal systems, appropriate technology, and application of continuous quality improvement principles to engineering education. He received his B.S. in 1976, his M.S. in 1979, and his Ph.D. in 1982, all in engineering from UCLA.