In this paper a particular submarine slope, tested in the Deltares laboratory, is studied with two different numerical techniques to simulate its failure: the standard FEM and the Material Point Method.


Previous results obtained by the magnetic deflection method of analysis have been extended, using a new but similar apparatus in which ions produced by accelerated electrons are accelerated through a slit into a chamber where a magnetic field bends them around a semi-circle whose radius depends on the speed, field and ratio of mass to charge. Those going into a Faraday cylinder are measured by means of an electrometer. The conclusion that ions produced at 16 volts are diatomic is confirmed, but no evidence of simultaneous ionization and dissociation, which was previously thought to occur for voltages above 20.2, is obtained. However, atomic ions ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ are readily produced by secondary dissociation of molecular ions $\mathrm{H}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$ even when the maximum electron energy is just above 16 volts. Triatomic ions $\mathrm{H}_{3}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$ also appear in large numbers as secondary products, for any voltage above 16. A mathematical theory of the dependence of the relative numbers of $\mathrm{H}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ ions on pressure, gives curves in general agreement with experiment and leads to the conclusions that the probability of dissociation of $\mathrm{H}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$ is about 15 times the probability of a collision with a molecule according to the ordinary kinetic theory, and that the probability of the formation of ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ by dissociation is greater for $\mathrm{H}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$ than for $\mathrm{H}_{3}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$. The processes involved in ionization followed by dissociation are discussed, and it is shown that the apparent discrepancy between the heat of dissociation computed from the ionization potentials and Langmuir's result for the heat of thermal dissociation may perhaps be explained by the energy radiated, which is at present unknown.


The carotid body (glomus caroticum) and the glomus coccygeum were apparently first homologized by Luschka (I862), who regarded them as glands, and shortly thereafter by Arnold (1865). The latter interpreted them as glomeruli, believing the blood vessels were the important constituent of both, and that the cells represented thickened "skin" (endo thelium) of the vascular wall. Thirty-seven years later Kohn ('02) again grouped these organs together, but, on the basis of their supposed morphology and embryology, included them as members of the chromaffin (paraganglionic) system. The non-paraganglionic nature of the glomus coccygeum was shown a few years later by Stoerk ('07), and this body is now generally regarded as a group of arterio-venous anastomoses, the characteristic cells of which represent modified muscular elements (Schumacher, '08 ; Clara, '27 ; Masson, '37). More recently the carotid body has been shown to be a chemoreceptor, and thus also apparently removed from the chromaffin group (see the reviews by Heymans and Bouckaert, '39 ; Gesell, '39 ; Schmidt and Comroe, '40 ; and Hollinshead, '40 a). Since the beginning of this century, therefore, the


Adult Diabrotica virgifera LeConte were not found in the winter in areas of subtropical Mexico where they are abundant in the summer. Eggs of the subtropical population of this species were found to be in diapause in Feb. The study confirms that the subtropical population is univoltine, that the winter is spent in the egg in diapause, and that this diapause is more intense than that of populations of D. virgifera in temperate climates.

Large populations of D. undecimpuncata were found in Feb. in the state of Guanajuato as were large populations of D. balteata LeConte in the states of Guanajuato and Morelos. Males of D. balteata were not attracted to the pheromones of either D. virgifera or D. undecimpunctata nor were males of D. undecimpunctata attracted to the pheromone of D. virgifera . However, pheromone obtained from a laboratory strain of South Dakota D. undecimpunctata was attractive to males of the Mexican population of this species.


The present study is based on 393 PhD theses of Earth sciences submitted to the various universities of West Bengal for the award of doctoral degree during the period 1960-2012. Besides, a citation analysis has also been done through the study of 8910 citations appended to the theses for the period of 2008-2012. The main purpose of this study is to investigate chronological distribution of theses, gender-wise distribution, supervisor-ship pattern, subject-wise distribution. The findings of the study revealed that an average of 7.43 theses was published during the whole period under study; the relative growth rate and doubling time for theses under study work out to 0.631 and 0.966 respectively; the grand average number of citations per theses was 146 citations and journals is the most prolific bibliographic forms used by the researchers. This study also examines the conformity to Lotka's law with the distribution of data.


7 Introduction Since its invention nearly 2000 years ago [1] paper has been one of the most useful materials known to man. Paper is the major structural component of many of the cultural and historic artifacts cared for by conservators in museums, galleries, libraries and archives. They include works of art on paper, posters, books, archival documents, ephemera and photographs on paper substrates. Many of these artifacts were produced by printing processes and include some of the earliest examples of printing such as the Korean printed Buddhist prayers dating from the 8th century AD known as the Mukujumgkwang Dharani Sutra [2]. Some of these printed items are among our most important cultural artefacts such as the Gutenburg Bibles [3] and the prints of Rembrandt [4]. Many professionals in the cultural heritage sector are concerned with prolonging the life of paper artifacts including curators, librarians, archivists, collection managers and in particular paper conservators who devise and implement preservation policies and where appropriate carry out interventive treatments on paper objects. There has been a large body of scientifi c research carried out over several decades into chemical changes in paper relevant to the concerns of conservators. Some examples are cited below. Workers in this fi eld are interested in changes in paper resulting from conservation treatments or deterioration due to ageing and environmental factors. Chemical changes have been investigated by a variety of techniques [5]. Mark Sandy, Andrew Manning, Fabrice Bollet Changes in the Tensile Properties of Paper in Response to Fluctuating Relative Humidity – Relevance to Paper Conservation


We observe that the expressions for the single-particle exchange-energy density ${e}_{\mathrm{x}}$ and the orbital-dependent exchange potentials ${v}_{\mathrm{x}{}^{(i)}}$ diverge at the nodes of the single-particle densities when the self-interaction-correction (SIC) method is applied to the conventional expression for the exchange energy ${E}_{\mathrm{x}}$ in the gradient-expansion approximation (GEA). An expression for ${E}_{\mathrm{x}{}^{\mathrm{GEA}}}$ is constructed that reduces to the conventional form in the slowly varying density limit and leads to convergent SIC expressions for ${e}_{\mathrm{x}}$ and ${v}_{\mathrm{x}{}^{(i)}}$. When this gradient-expansion-approximation self-interaction-correction (GEASIC) functional is employed in the calculation of the total energy for atoms with closed subshells, the results are significantly closer to the Hartree-Fock results than those obtained from either the GEA or the local-spin-density self-interaction-correction (LSDSIC) approximation. Furthermore, when the recently derived value for the GEA constant, i.e., (10/7 of Sham's value, is employed, the results are found to be further improved. In addition, we show that the construction of a single (i.e., orbital-independent) Kohn-Sham potential from these GEASIC potentials leads not only to accurate exchange-only total energies but to reasonably accurate results for ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{\mathrm{max}}$ as compared to experimental ionization energies when the effect of correlation is included in the LSDSIC approximation.


Abstract The determination of three common citrus fungicides, diphenyl (DP), o-phenylphenol (oPP) and thiabendazole (TBZ), was investigated with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. DP and oPP were successfully chromatographed and quantitated by utilizing a reversed-phase Unisil Q C18 column after extraction with an essential oil distillation apparatus. An acetonitrile-0.1M H3PO4 (55:45) mobile phase was used. TBZ was chromatographed by using a Unisil Q C8 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1M H3PO4 (80:20) after the extraction with ethyl acetate. The fungicides were detected with fluorescence detection at typical residue levels on citrus. The


A development of single‐crack‐activated impedance strain sensors with unprecedented sensitivity is demonstrated first. The gauge factor of the device is beyond 108 in 10−4 strain range in comparison with the reported highest gauge factor 1.5 × 105 within 6e‐1 strain range, and the displacement sensitivity is 1.6 MΩ nm−1. The extremely high sensitivity is attributed to the transition region which has never been studied before. Multiple‐crack‐based sensors, however, cannot work in the transition region due to complicated interaction among cracks, which essentially limits their sensitivity. Additionally, studying a precisely controllable single crack rather than multiple cracks is favorable for excluding other factors such as crack spacing, difference among cracks, and interaction among cracks, simplifying the model and facilitating better understanding of the underlying mechanism of the device. The device can satisfy requirements of mechanical flexibility, durability, and repeatability. In addition, the device developed is capable of measuring displacement in nanometers range or force in tens of nanonewton range, and has the potential to be applied in various fields, such as specific biomolecular recognition.


ABSTRACT This article examines Jeff Noon's cyberpunk novel Pollen (1995), arguing for its innovative treatment of spatial and species identities. In addition to the challenging representations of gender and feminism identified by Val Gough, there are other kinds of decentering enacted, notably in the novel's speculative treatment of "becoming plant" and the location of the action in the North of England.


Recent developments of low-power electronic devices have triggered interests towards small-scale energy storage. One promising approach is to fabricate micro-supercapaciors (MSCs). In this work, we demonstrate a facile fabrication of MSCs by laser reduction and patterning of graphene oxide nanoribbon (GONR) thin films coated on poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate through LightScribe technique. We fabricated the in-plane geometry electrodes consisting of reduced GONRs (i.e., graphene nanoribbons, GNRs) with the lateral spatial resolution of approximately 20 μm in addition to the stacked geometry electrodes for comparison. The fabricated in-planeGNR electrode device showed superior electrochemical properties compared with the stacked-GNR electrode ones. Our impedance measurements supported that this is due to high lateral ion diffusivity along the basal plane of GNRs. In addition, GNR-based in-planeelectrode device also showed a higher capacitance than the graphene-based one, which is due to the more efficient edge effects of GNRs. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by ECSJ. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.20-64073]. Uploading "PDF file created by publishers" to institutional repositories or public websites is not permitted by the copyright


Objective To estimate the usual nutrients intakes of adults in China,and provide reference for accurate assessment of dietary intakes in Chinese residents.Method The data of China National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 were used for this analysis.We assessed usual intake distributions of energy,15 nutrients,fiber and cholesterol by the NCI method and ISU method among 43 672 adults,and analyzed the differences between the estimated distributions of 3 d intake data and usual intake.Results The means of the usual calcium,selenium,riboflavin and cholesterol intakes were markedly higher than the 3-d means,among which 14% of men and 30% of women had the highest means of the usual cholesterol intakes.For energy and other nutrients,the means of the usual intake were slightly lower than the estimates for 3 d intake data,among which 6% of the population had the lowest means of the usual carbohydrate and vitamin C intakes.The variances of the usual intakes of energy and nutrients were all lower than the estimates derived from 3 d intake data,among which above 50% of the population had the lowest variances of the usual riboflavin intake.The 10th,25th and 50th percentiles in the usual intake distributions increased and the 75th and 90th decreased compared to the estimates for 3 d intake data.Conclusion The means of most nutrients and the variances of all the nutrients were overestimated in the 3 d intake distribution.Adjustments by NCI method and ISU method can improve the estimation of tails in usual nutrients intake distributions.


T he Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Forum has predicted that voice and data traffic on mobile networks will grow more than 30-fold during the decade ahead. In a new report titled ''Mobile Traffic Forecasts 2010–2020,'' the third-generation/fourth-generation (3G/4G) industry body indicates that the total annual traffic on mobile networks will globally reach 127 EB (exabytes) in 2020. This represents a one-third increase compared with the figure reported in 2010. The report also predicts that the growth will be even stronger in Europe. During the same period, the UMTS Forum estimates that mobile traffic in a typical Western European country will grow 67 times from 186 to 12,540 TB (terabytes) daily, which in turn will double the corresponding growth globally. In contrast with this explosive growth in data traffic during the decade, the study predicts that mobile voice traffic growth will remain limited during the same period. The forecasted figures represent a total of uplink and downlink voice and data traffic transported on mobile networks using a licensed spectrum. While traffic managed by femtocells is included in the study, the effects of wireless fidelity (WiFi) offload are explicitly not included. Similarly, the forecast does not take into account radio frequency identification (RFID) traffic or any other traffic carried over unlicensed radio frequency bands. Juniper Research estimates that the majority of traffic (63%) generated by smartphones, tablets, and feature phones will transfer onto the fixed network via WiFi and femtocells by 2015. The firm expects that the mobile data traffic generated by smartphones, feature phones, and tablets will exceed 14,000 petabytes (PB) by 2015, equivalent to 18 billion movie downloads or 3 trillion music tracks. As a result, the annual mobile data traffic offloaded from operators' networks via WiFi and femtocells is forecasted to reach nearly 9,000 PB by 2015. According to the International Data Corporation (IDC) Worldwide Mobile Phone Tracker, the worldwide mobile phone market grew 19.8% year over year in the first quarter of 2011. The firm estimates that vendors shipped 371.8 million units in this quarter, compared with 310.5 million units in the first quarter of 2010. In a different report, Pyramid Research estimates that the total number of handsets sold to end users globally will reach 1.46 billion in 2011, with smartphones accounting for 27% of the sales. According to the firm, this figure will almost double to 53% in 2015, driven by the demand for inexpensive Android models. The firm also believes that by 2015 Windows Phone might overtake Android and other major competitors and establish itself as the leader in the smartphone-operating system space. In a different study, Parks Associates believes that more than 2 billion people worldwide will own at least one smartphone in 2015, with unit sales growing more than 175% from 2010. The firm estimates that smartphone shipments increased 70% in 2010, with approximately 500 million users. Gartner also estimates that worldwide smartphone sales will reach 468 million units in 2011, which represents a 57.7% increase from 2010. The firm also expects that, by the end of 2011, Android will become the most popular operating system worldwide and will account for 49% of the smartphone market by 2012. In-Stat expects that the number of WiFi Direct-enabled devices shipped in 2011 will reach 173 million. Devices shipping with embedded WiFi Direct in 2011 will be led by desktop PCs, digital TVs, mobile phones, and notebook PCs. WiFi Direct enables 802.11 to add peer-to-peer capability, with no need for a WiFi access point. In a different study, IHS iSuppli estimates that shipments of electronic products with embedded wireless local area networking (WLAN) technology will surpass 1 billion units in 2011 (up 35.8% from 880.4 billion units in 2010) and rise to more than 2 billion in 2015. The firm estimates that, in 2011, 19.7% of the suitable devices shipped worldwide will have some form of an embedded WLAN. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MVT.2011.941889


Metastatic neck lymph nodes in massive lesion of their tissue with tumor cells are accompanied by extracapsular extension to the adjacent structures in a number of cases. The greatest problem in clinical oncology is when even extended radical neck dissection fails to completely remove tumor tissue that is macroscopically detectable after surgical resection. In this situation, there is a continued growth of tissue mass that is left on the neck. Thus, the unresectable extracapsular spread of neck lymph node metastases to the adjacent tissues reduces the duration of life in the patients and worsens its quality. The basis for this investigation is clinical observations of patients who have been operated on at the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary (Hospital Two) in the period 2005 to 2016. Histologically, the tumors were squamous cell carcinomas. In this period, there have been 24 Crile operations (radical neck dissection) that are cytoreductive. A primary tumor has been (n = 15) or has not been (n = 9) previously excised. The extracapsular spread of metastatic lymph nodes corresponded to levels IIa, IIb, and III. Cytoreductive cervical lymphadenectomy with the pectoralis musculocutaneous flap covering an unresectable tumor for extracapsular unresectable squamous cell carcinoma metastasizing to the neck lymph nodes should be considered the operation of recovery. This type of surgery is warranted, as tumor mass reduction by eliminating the source of intoxication allows further antitumor treatment (radiotherapy or chemotherapy or their combination) that is contraindicated in patients with tumor lysis in the neck. When the cause of death is the exceedingly continued growth of an unresectable component of radio- and chemoresistant variants of tumor tissue on the neck, the covering of the component with a pectoralis major flap delays a fatal outcome in incurable patients to improve a number of quality-of-life indicators.


A total of 176 nurse leaders from around the world were inducted as new Fellows in the American Academy of Nursing. The individuals were selected to be inducted as Fellows during the Academy's 39th Annual Meeting and Conference on October 13, 2012, in Washington, DC. This year's cohort of new Fellows consists of nurse researchers, policy makers, scholars, executives, educators, and practitioners. Selection for membership in the Academy is one of the most prestigious honors in the field of nursing. Selection criteria include evidence of significant contributions to nursing and health care and sponsorship by two current Academy Fellows. Applicants are reviewed by a panel consisting of elected and appointed Fellows, and selection is based, in part, on the extent to which nominees' nursing careers influence health policies and the health and well-being of all. Of the cohort inducted in October, the 2012 American Academy of Nursing Fellows from states that comprise the Midwest Nursing Research Society (MNRS) are listed below:


The charge-density response of extended materials is usually dominated by the collective oscillation of electrons, the plasmons. Beyond this feature, however, intriguing many-body effects are observed. They cannot be described by one of the most widely used approaches for the calculation of dielectric functions, which is time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) in the adiabatic local density approximation (ALDA). Here we propose an approximation to the TDDFT exchangecorrelation kernel which is non-adiabatic and non-local. It is derived in the homogeneous electron gas and implemented in the real system in a simple mean density approximation. This kernel contains effects that are completely absent in the ALDA; in particular, it correctly describes the double plasmon in the dynamic structure factor of sodium, and it shows the characteristic low-energy peak that appears in systems with low electronic density. It also leads to an overall quantitative improvement of spectra.


In Ethiopia rural households growing Eucalypts at farm level in the form of woodlot become popular and Eucalyptus woodlot products play a significant role in household economy in particular and economic development of the nation in general. This study was conducted in Cheha districts in the Guraghe zone to assess the farmers' management practices and analyze the socioeconomic contribution of Eucalypts woodlot to the livelihood of the rural households in the area. Economic data was collected by employing a formal survey using a structured questionnaire. Woodlot inventory was conducted on farmers' eucalyptus woodlots to identify the existing trees' frequency distribution by diameter classes that indicated economic value. The latest version of Stata, version 13, SAS version 9.1, sigma plot version 12, and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze the data. The result of the study revealed that most of the sampled farmers in the study area had Eucalypts woodlot, targeting either to earn more income or to increase the productivity of the land which has denied growing cereal crops and pastures. Most of the farmers considered Eucalypts as one of the major sources of income and risk aversion. Excluding household consumption, the aggregate cash income contribution of Eucalypts woodlot products to rural households was more than 34% for midland and 37% for highland agro-ecologies. Further studies are needed on the management aspect of Eucalypts woodlots for the productivity of allocated land.


The Dolichos biflorus L. is a well-known medicinal plant in folklore for its medicinal properties. In herbal medicine the seeds of it are mainly used as tonic, astringent, diuretic, and are also recommended in asthma, bronchitis, urinary discharges, hiccoughs, ozoena, heart trouble and other diseases of brain. The main purpose of this study is to on Sodium Chromate (Na 2 Cro 4 ) contamination in water, soil and plants is a serious health problem throughout the world. We studied the effect of aqueous solutions of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 and 3.0% Sodium Chromate on seed germination and seedling growth of D. biflorus at the end of 20days of treatment, significant reduction in root length, shoot length, seedling length, Rooting length/shoot length ratio (cm) and fresh weight, % of germination were observed at increasing Chromate concentration. Responded differently on all growth parameters viz shoot, root, seedling length, seedling dry weight and root / shoot ratio of D. biflorus . There was also reducing rate of seed germination of D. biflorus with all treatment of chromium was recorded. The treatment of chromium at 3% produced significant 2.4 cm length of plant with effects on root, shoot and seedling length of D. biflorus as compared to control. The reduction in the seedling dry weight of D. biflorus at 3% of Sodium chromate was reduced and was more prominent with the increase in concentration at 3% of Sodium Chromate treatments. Tolerance indices and seedling vigor index of 3% for chromium treatment decreased with the increase in chromium concentration in the substrate as compared to control. More reduction in seedling tolerance and seedling vigor indices percentage of D. biflorus was recorded at 1.0% for chromium treatment. There was further reduction in seedling vigor and tolerance indices of D. biflorus at 3% of Sodoium chromate concentration as compared to control.


Objective To know the overall measles immunity level among healthy population in Baoji city,so as to determine the susceptible populations to measles and finally draft pertinent measures for measles prevention and control.Methods A total of 1,313 subjects were grouped according to their stages in the measles vaccination(MV)strategies.The history of measles immunization and illness was collected and sera were sampled for quantitative detection of measles IgG antibody.Results The overall antibody positive rate was 78.90% and the protective antibody positive rate was 48.06%.The geometric mean concentration(GMC)of measles antibody was 562.15mIU/ml.The measles immunity level was the highest among children aged 8 months to 6 years,and was the lowest among the infants aged 1-7 months.The immunization rate was 97.80% among children aged 8 months to 14 years.The measles immunity level was higher among people vaccinated with 1 dose,2 doses and 3 doses of MV than among those unvaccinated.The measles antibody positive rate was basically inversely proportional to the incidence of measles.Conclusions In order to reduce the incidence of measles among infants younger than 8 months,implementation of MV for women of childbearing age is recommended.The measles immunity level declines among population vaccinated with aqueous vaccine and lyophilized vaccine.Measies vaccination can be considered for freshmen in universities and colleges where students are recruited from a great variety of places.


Abstract. We describe the history of Jamaica's currency board system, which existed from 1920 to 1961; test how orthodox the currency board was; and compare some features of the currency board and the Jamaican economy during the currency board period to the Bank of Jamaica and to the Jamaican economy under central banking. Keywords. Jamaica, Currency board, Central bank. JEL. E52, N16.


An example serves to determine the maximum dynamic vertical wheel force when a modern coach crosses a rail joint. The problem is described mathematically by a system of ordinary differential equations and is solved by means of an analog computer. The high dynamic vertical wheel forces obtained linearly increase with the travelling speed. As a result, the demand of more elastic wheels is made for railway vehicles travelling at high speed, besides that of a high quality of the permanent way.


When the X chart is applied to monitor a manufacturing process, three parameters should be determined: sample size, sampling interval between successive samples, and the control limits for the chart. In 1956, Duncan presented the first cost model to determine the three parameters for the X charts, which is called the economic design of X charts. This paper develops the economic design of X charts for non-normally correlated data. An example of juice production process is presented to illustrate the solution procedure. A sensitivity analysis is performed to show the effects of non-normality and correlation coefficient on the optimal design of the chart.


Now the situation studies in Arabic Rhetoric in Malaysia, especially in the field of Islamic studies such as misinterpretation of the Quran were less emphasized. This problem may stem from a lack of knowledge disclosure Rhetoric since in school, higher education and society in general. Learning Arabic is mostly just focused on knowledge of grammar and morphology without involving Rhetoric. Therefore, the objective of this study is to make a review of the early history of the development of pre-Islamic Rhetoric again until the eighth century as exposure to entice the attention of the community to Arabic Rhetoric and explain its significance. Library research method chosen to obtain the necessary data from the book of Arabic Rhetoric tradition. As a result, it is evident that the persistence of the scholars of the past do a research field with many other Arab Rhetoric inject motivation to researchers now. Leading works by al-Jurjani has opened a new dimension to the theory of Arabic Rhetoric al-Nazm (diction is the choice of words and sentence patterns appropriate to the situation). Its importance is very helpful to understand the Quran better. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n9p517


In a recent paper, we have studied associative realizations of the noncommutative extended Snyder model, obtained by including the Lorentz generators (tensorial coordinates) and their conjugated momenta. In this paper, we extend this result to also incorporate a covariant realization of the κ-Poincaré spacetime. We obtain the coproduct, the associative star product and the twist in a Weyl-ordered realization, to first order in the noncommutativity parameters. This could help the construction of a quantum field theory based on this geometry. † e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com † e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


This chapter presents an overview on the passages in Deuteronomy 1-3 and 31, where the passages are connected factually and linguistically with Joshua 1. It discusses the question of pre-deuteronomistic sources and secondary amendments in the Joshua 1. The Joshua 1 is considered to be a deuteronomy text. The passage is commonly excluded as a supplement to the deuteronomistic base layer of Joshua 1 and belongs to the existence of the introductory speech of God. The chapter examines the representation of the successor of Moses by Joshua. It discusses the Transjordan in the Deuteronomistic view of history and tribes of Jordan as the theme of the deuteronomistic Joshua story. Starting of the Joshua narrative has proven as a carefully composed literary unit. In compositional historical point of view, the chapter provides strong arguments for the deuteronomistic history hypothesis. The original text of the chapter is in German.Keywords: Joshua; Moses; speech of God; successor; Transjordan; tribes


Objective: This study aimed to develop an understanding of the implementation of the Leading Better Value Care (LBVC) initiatives at a Local Health District (LHD). Methods: The study used a mixed method including literature reviews, survey and semi-structured interviews of the stakeholders who participated in the implementation of the state-wide LBVC program within a LHD. All information used in this study was de-identified and anonymous. Results: Twenty-two stakeholders responded to the survey reviewing the implementation process. Fifty-one percent of the participants reported that there was very good sharing of information and ideas within the LHD, where clinicians were provided with data to support better decision making (77%). The stakeholders were overall moderately to very satisfied (60%) with how the program was implemented within the LHD. A total of 10 interviews were conducted. Analysis of the transcripts identified four core themes linking different aspects of the implementation of the LBVC initiatives: 1) Engagement; 2) Understanding of implementation process; 3) Challenges; and, 4) Future strategies for implementation. This local learning will provide valuable information to develop strategies so as to improve the LBVC program and support the LHD in continuing to embed, scale and sustain the initiatives. Conclusion: This study has provided the experience of the stakeholders participating in the implementation of the LBVC program and how it was being implemented across the LHD. It has identified factors which contribute to improvement of future implementation of similar programs.


Sixteen types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were included in the priority control pollutants listed by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA).Herein,the emission rates and emission sources of these 16 PAHs in Taiyuan city were investigated.Results showed that the overall emission amount of the 16 PAHs in the year of 2010 in Taiyuan was 332.10t,in which 35.11t was identified as carcinogenic PAHs.Most of the PAHs were generated from the combustion of household coal and coke-production coal,accounting for 65% of the total emission amount.Among the emissions of 16 PAHs,less-ring PAHs were the majority(81%) while the carcinogenic PAHs only accounted for 10.6%.For the different districts(10 in total) in Taiyuan,the PAHs emitted from Qingxu were 87t/a,greatly more than that from Gujiao(54t/a),Jinyuan(44t/a),and Jiancaoping(40t/a).In general,there were a negative correlation between per capita income and per GDP emissions of PAHs(R2=0.727),and a positive correlation between the rural population and total PAHs emissions(R2=0.813).It was concluded that the heavy PAHs emission in Taiyuan was attributed to excessive combustion of coal for the household and industry and unique energy structure and special population in the countryside.


The bachelor thesis deals with legislation of lease contract according to the Civil code. The first chapter analyses the general rules of lease contract, which are applicable on each type of lease, except the cases when special norms state different rules. The second chapter is concerned with the special type of lease- apartment lease. It discusses its formation, rights and duties of the landlord and tenant, extinction and other relevant tasks. The last chapter represents a practical part of the thesis. It is focused on comparison of commercial property lease and sublease with apartment lease. Its aim is to point out the differences between them, but also show the identical rules.


We examine the O(α) forward-backward asymmetries for the production process ee → γ, Z → qq̄(g), tagging the outgoing heavy-quark jet at center-of-momentum energies off the Z-peak. The complicated analytic results are reduced to simple polynomial forms that provide excellent approximations. For charm and bottom quark, a full dynamical cancellation gives O(α) zeros in the forward-backward asymmetry close to the Z-peak. We conclude with a detailed numerical analysis of our results. PACS number(s): 11.38.Bx, 11.80.Fv, 14.65.-q Feodor-Lynen Fellow The measurement of asymmetries in the production of fermion pairs at ee colliders has been proven as an indispensable tool to examine rigorously the most important properties of the Standard Model. In general, these experimental techniques have advanced to such an extent that theoretical predictions beyond the Born approximation in the perturbative series of the relevant couplings have to be taken into account in order to agree with the given measurement precision. Of particular interest is the forward-backward asymmetry AfF B which results from the vector (V )/axial-vector (A) interference terms of the intermediate γ, Z bosons in the production process ee → γ, Z → f f̄ . Therefore, its measurement allows for a direct determination of the relative strength between the V and A-components of the fermion coupling to the neutral current, or, equivalently, for a precise determination of the effective electroweak mixing angle sinθW . Experiments that measure A f F B for various quark flavors and leptons are carried out by the different LEP and SLD collaborations. This work concentrates on dynamical QCD one-loop effects in the forward-backward asymmetries of heavy quarks. For the charm and bottom quark, high-precision measurements on the Z-peak are performed by the ALEPH, DELPHI, and OPAL collaborations at LEP [1,2,3]. In the theoretical literature, a first analytical treatment of massive O(α) corrections for A F B at the Z-peak can be found in an article by Djouadi et al. [4]. Only recently their result (given as an expansion in the quark mass) has been slightly corrected by Stav and Olsen [5]. The exact analytical formulas are lengthy and complicated, see e.g. Ref. [6]. However, in the following we shall present compact Schwinger representations for the C-odd structure function in the differential production cross section for heavy quarks. To the best of our knowledge no such representations have been treated in the literature before. Subsequently, we use these results to find simple polynomial expressions for the single-jet forward-backward asymmetry including O(α) radiative corrections. These approximate formulas give very accurate estimates valid over the entire physically relevant energy spectrum, which will then allow us to reveal interesting dynamical properties of A F B at QCD one-loop level. Finally, we conclude this work with a detailed numerical analysis for charm-, bottom-, and top-quark production.


New racket string and a method of manufacturing the same. Imparting polymer coating in combination with a low temperature adhesive string. String of the present invention use conventional string, for example, and a string having a center core comprising a synthetic material such as gut or nylon, a polymeric coating impregnated with a low temperature adhesive. Polymer coating along at least a portion of the length of the string, covering the string.


Factual Background Baby Dan A/S (Baby Dan) develops, produces and sells safety equipment for children from the age of 0-5 years. One of the products produced by Baby Dan is a safety stair gate…


The fluid parameters within the casing strings of HTHP wells were of great significance for production performance analysis of gas wells.In consideration of the influence between gas parameters and factors of well structures,well deviation and tubing diameter changes,a numerical solution are used for iteration of wellbore segmentation.The field data collected from Well Dabei 202(HTHP gas well) in Tarim Oilfield are taken for example,energy the parameters of curves of flow pressure,temperature,gas velocity are derived in gas wells and rules of gas flowing in wells are summed up.It provides important basis for future design of well test process and tubing strings.


Abstract Objectives Historic records suggest that a virulent form of treponematosis, sexually transmitted syphilis was introduced to Asia from Europe by the da Gama crew, who landed in India in 1498. Our objective is to assess the gross pathology of human skeletal remains from the Tang dynasty of China to test the presence of treponemal infection in East Asia before 1498. We interpret this paleopathological evidence in the context of site ecology and sociocultural changes during the Tang dynasty. Materials and methods We examined the gross pathology of 1598 human skeletons from Xingfulindai (AD 618 to AD 1279) archeological site located on the Central Plain of China. Using the modified diagnostic criteria defined by Hackett's classical work, we classify the pathology as consistent, strongly suggestive, or pathognomonic for treponemal infection. Results Twelve adult individuals from Xingfulindai had bone lesions suggestive of systemic pathology. Two of these individuals displayed a combination of lesion patterns pathognomonic of treponemal disease and one had lesions consistent with treponematosis. The radiocarbon dates for the bone samples from these skeletons place them before AD 1200. Conclusions The location of Xingfulindai in a continental climatic zone is not typical for yaws and bejel ecology, because these strains occur in the tropics, or in hot, dry environments, respectively. The urban setting, where there is documented evidence for increased interaction between multiple ethnic groups and a developed institution of courtesans during the Tang dynasty, favors sexually transmitted syphilis as the more likely diagnosis. This study supports an earlier spread of syphilis to China than 1498.


-Researchers have shown a lot of interest towards the field of medical science. A significant number of researchers have uncovered various reasons for premature human death. According to the literature that pertains to the subject, various reasons are responsible for the development of diseases, and one such cause is conditions affecting the heart. Many researchers proposed idiosyncratic methods to preserve human life and help health care experts to recognize, prevent and manage heart disease. The expert's decision can be supported by certain convenient methods, but every effective plan also has its limitation. The proposed approach robustly analyses an act of Decision Tree, Random Forest, XGBoost and Hybrid Model. After analysing the procedure, the intended method smartly builds. Initially, the intention is to select the most appropriate method and analysing the act of available schemes executed with different features for examining the statistics.


For a traditional retailer, the size of the customer pool can evolve over time but is largely bounded in space. In contrast, an Internet retailer with the appropriate shipping infrastructure can draw customers from a wide-ranging geographical area (e.g., the entire United States). Insight into the process of customer base evolution is therefore of considerable importance for managers and researchers alike.
In this dissertation, we examine the space-time sequencing of customer orders and the individual trial decision for customers shopping at an Internet grocery retailer (Netgrocer.com). Drawing on literature in economics, marketing and sociology, we conjecture that the trial decision may be subject to neighborhood effects. That is, exposure to the actions of proximate others—either through direct social interaction or passive observation—influences the trial decision of individuals who have yet to experience the service. We focus on obtaining answers to the following general research questions: (1) Is there evidence that neighborhood effects are helping to generate the observed pattern of customer evolution in space and time? (2) If so, what is the economic impact of neighborhood effects on space-time diffusion? (3) Are the neighborhood effects absent for repeat purchase decisions?
These questions are examined in two separate essays. In the first essay, we develop a discrete-time hazard model in which consumer trial decisions arise from utility-maximizing behavior. In the second essay, a spatial mixture modeling framework is developed. Each essay addresses substantive implications for customer base evolution in an Internet retailing context. All models are calibrated on a unique dataset that combines: (1) a complete transaction history from Netgrocer.com, (2) US Census information, and (3) region-level retail structure data. Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis is employed to create an alternative representation of spatial interactions.


This is the first in a series of two papers dealing with a po.teriori error estimation for hop finite element approximation of second order elliptic systems. In this paper, we shaU present the fundamental ideas behind the error estimator and the theoretical foundations for the method. The second paper deala with the algoritlunical details.


Deep learning has been successfully used for PET image enhancement [1-3]. However, because there are various target regions, doses, and radiotracers, it is almost impossible to train all kinds of deep learning models with sufficient data. Domain adaptation has developed to improve the performance of the new task model and to achieve the generalization. In this paper, we propose a novel domain adaptation few-shot learning method for PET image denoising, where the feature maps from the trained model are directly utilized without source data for computing efficiency. The distributions of feature maps of two domains are used in the feature loss using the KL divergence. The optimization reduces both the feature loss and root mean square error (RMSE) loss. We demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the PET image quantitatively and qualitatively in the target domain with small training data, which demonstrates the feasibility of the generalization for clinical use.


Computer vision, natural language processing, sentiment analysis, and fraud detection are just a few of the sectors, where significant area of research are Machine and predictive analysis. Machine learning can be used to train or set up software and application of H/W for mining specially and the acquisition data. In order to extract accuracy and performance among datasets utilizes unsupervised and supervised data, MLDB for high-performance data analytics for a variety of applications is presented in the work as usage patterns of an open source machine learning platform.


Pressure coefficient (β) of the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) for a two dimensional system is studied in presence of Coulomb interaction, using Eliashberg equation with the Einstein approximation for the phonon system, within the van Hove scenario. β is found to be high in the low-Tc region and low in the high-Tc region. β is positive in the underdoped region and becomes negative in the overdoped region. For a given value of Fermi energy, β increases in the underdoped region and decreases in the overdoped region with the increase of Coulomb repulsion.


ALUMINUM TOXICITY in adults undergoing long-term dialysis has been epidemiologically linked to a syndrome of encephalopathy that includes personality change, dysarthria-apraxia of speech, myoclonus, asterixis, seizures, and abnormal electroencephalographic findings including generalized slowing and multifocal spikes~; CT scans have shown either normal findings or diffuse atrophy. The syndrome was uniformly fatal when initially described in 1972 and was thought to be eradicated when dialysate contaminated with aluminum was adequately treated? Aluminum administered orally in the form of antacids has been thought to be poorly absorbed and therefore not toxic? Recent reports from our own unit and other institutions, however, have documented high plasma and bone levels in children taking aluminum-containing antacids as phosphate binders. 4-~ We report a child with chronic renal failure with documented normal nenrologic function at age 2 years who developed the encephalopathic syndrome after" 6 years of orally administered aluminum therapy before end-stage renal failure occurred.


Modern approaches to the description of high energy hadronic and nuclear collisions are reviewed in connection with extensive air shower (EAS) physics. Special attention is devoted to the so-called semihard partonic processes which appear to dominate the interactions at very high energies. It is shown that a corresponding treatment can be developed in the framework of the Gribov–Regge approach, introducing a concept of 'semihard Pomeron', the latter being a t-channel iteration of the phenomenological 'soft' Pomeron and QCD parton ladder. A comparison is made with the QCD eikonal (mini-jet) scheme and essential differences as well as observable consequences for EAS development are analysed in detail. The role of nonlinear interaction contributions described by enhanced Pomeron diagrams is also investigated. It is demonstrated that such diagrams provide important screening corrections to the interaction mechanism and allow us to resolve a seeming contradiction between realistic parton momentum distributions and observed energy dependence of hadron–hadron cross sections. A modification of the standard scheme by correct treatment of energy–momentum sharing mechanism in hadronic collisions is also considered. Finally, we discuss possible ways to discriminate between the alternative approaches.


This paper introduces the robust inventory routing problem with finite time horizon in three-level distribution systems considering uncertain demand and transportation cost. The vendor is responsible for replenishing distribution centres and distribution centres replenish geographically scattered customers. The products are distributed by capacitated vehicles and, depending on the decision variables, multiple vehicles are assigned to each distribution centre. The inventories are kept both in distribution centres and customer sites. The objective is was to find a combined transportation and inventory strategy and minimise system cost while meeting the demand of each customer without shortage and ensuring feasibility regardless of the realised demands and transportation cost. The proposed system is integrated by a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation for deterministic case of the problem. Moreover, the corresponding robust counterpart is formulated with regard to three different techniques of box, polyhedral and interval-polyhedral and analysed using adjustable uncertainty parameters on a test bed. Finally, to cope with intractability of large size problems, an imperialist competitive algorithm is developed by genetic algorithm operators.


Can we rationally speak to someone who offends our beliefs, dishonors our logical faith and laughs at our personal and theoretical opinions? Can we discuss with the enemy (political, ideological or doctrinal enemy...)? This paper is a theoretical-philosophical attempt to think analytically (far beyond the legal dogmatic) about this controversial issue. It explores the limits, possibilities and confines of freedom of speech, from a realistic theory of argumentation and from a pragmatics of normative discourse. It takes as examples the conflicts generated by radical groups of the neo-fascist type, religious sects or violent social movements.


A 2-D system can be considered a 1-D system over a ring. This identification can be used for the construction of a local state space realization. By constructing a canonical (i.e. reachable and observable) realization of the 1-D system, associated with the 2-D system, it is shown that this so called first level realization can be used in order to construct an internally stable local state space model for almost any BIBO stable 2-D system.


INTRODUCTION Parkinsonian rigidity is described as a uniform increase in resistance to passive motion throughout the entire range of motion. Evidence indicates that rigidity is influenced by both non-neural and neural factors. The non-neural component of rigidity is the result of alterations in the mechanical properties of the muscle and connective tissues [1]. The neural mechanisms underlying rigidity include aberrant reflex responses to passive stretch and shortening. Previous research has revealed that a contralateral contraction enhances parkinsonian rigidity [2]. However, the changing contributions of the neural and non-neural components of rigidity in response to the contralateral contraction have not been previously investigated. The purpose of the current study was to compare the changes in neural and non-neural contributions to parkinsonian rigidity in response to contralateral activation. It was hypothesized that the contralateral contraction would result in greater contributions of the neural component of rigidity.


Analyses by energy dispersive XRF are used to establish the chemical variability in Iron Age glass beads producing coherent groups and to form the basis for a more extensive study of Iron Age glass from Britain. Leaded glass and soda-lime-silica glass beads were detected.


Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, diagnosed on symptom‐based criteria. Many have reported discrepancies between formal Rome criteria and diagnoses made in clinical practice. The aim of the study was to explore whether a quantitative version of the Rome criteria would better represent a clinical diagnosis of IBS than the current dichotomous criteria for symptom measure.


Global demand for the herbal health-products has steadily Increased during the last two decades. Consumers of herbal health-products need to be better Informed about the capabilities and short comings of such products used In different systems (traditional and alternative systems of medicine) and forms. To fulfil the need, selection of raw materials, credible research Involving chemical, biological and clinical trials, high quality manufacturing and honest claims In marketing are prerequisites. The global scenario In this context is projected.


Non-profit organisations (NPOs) are prominent in stimulating local economies – more particularly in rural areas – thus this paper documents the role of non-profit organisations that support agriculture in fostering local economic development and utilises a case study of the Siyavuna Abalimi Development Centre. The theoretical framework of this paper employed hypotheses that include: economic theories of the NPO; the co-management or co-production theory; and the stakeholder theory of the NPO. This paper employed a qualitative research design. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with Siyavuna representatives and the LED officer from the Hibiscus Coast Local Municipality. The findings of this paper reveal that Siyavuna is an organisation that is highly active in LED activities. Its representatives regard the organisation as a LED project. The findings further demonstrate that Siyavuna has been striving to establish relationships and partnerships with local government since the time that it had been operating as a project and had not yet been registered as an NPO. The results reveal that within this relationship is a lack of trust and further issues such as conflict, in terms of respective community development approaches: Siyavuna uses the "bottom-up" approach, while local government uses a "top-down" tactic.


ABSTRACT The integro-differential equation of linear electron space charge flow in the presence of ions is obtained, using an empirical formula for the cross-section for ion production by electrons based on experimental results. The influence of the ions may be represented by a single parameter, φ which is a function of the potential and current density of the electron beam and of the gas pressure. Solutions of the flow equation are obtained for a wide range of values of φ. These show that for φ≥ 0.1 ions are produced at such a rate that they can neutralize the electron space charge even when there exist appreciable fields to draw them off, whereas for φ≤ 0.01 this neutralization is only achieved when the ions are trapped. Two examples are given of the numerical application of the theory to problems of practical importance.


Throughout this study, are developed the steps necessary to carry out the viability plan for the creation of a service enterprise for producers of professional, leisure and touristic events in the Valencian Community. This, at a theoretical level, it will be explained firstly the main notions of the concept of events and it will be made a breakdown of this market. Then, it will make a detailed analysis of the market environment applied to the city of Valencia, both in the microenvironment as in the macro-environment, and ending with a SWOT analysis of the situation. Then, it will be explained the business idea of the enterprise and it will be a study of the location, target customers and process management. It will be developed a marketing plan for the start of business in which it will be analyzed the variables of marketing mix with emphasis on promotion, because is needed to make known the enterprise. Also, will be analyzed what legal form should become the enterprise as well as employees organization chart of this enterprise. Another point to be discussed is the economic and financial analysis which will be finalized with the profit and loss account. Finally, it will be presented the conclusions of the business plan where it will decide whether or not it is feasible to create this enterprise.


appropriate public education. Washington DC: US Office of Special Education, 1980. Sterns, M. f Greene, D., & David, J. Local implementation of PL. 94-142: First year report of a longitudinal study. Menlo Park CA: SRI International, Education Research Center, 1980. Wright, A. Local implementation of P. L. 94-142: Second year report of a longitudinal study. Menlo Park CA: SRI International, Education Research Center, 1980.


fluid, and so arrests osmosis anid diffusion in the case of the parietal peritoneal vessels. This arrest of osmosis occurs at a certain stage in each animal, depending entirely upon tlle rate of output of lymph. The protein tlius originates in the lymph which is being rapidly produced by the viscera, and for this reason the fluid becomes of the same composition as the original ascites. Wlhen salt solution is introduced into the peritoneum of tlle normnal animal protein appears in it for the same reason-namely, that there is normally a very slow output of lym-ph into the peritoneuLm, whiclh is being as rapidly absorbed, so that this structure is kept slightly moist, and there is no accumulation of fluid in it. It is this normal lymilph production which accouLnts for the appearance of protein in the peritoneal saline solution. In support of this hypothesis may be mentioned tthe fact, noted by Gray and myself, that sometimes in the nor-Mal hutch-fed rabbit, and commonly when it is pregnant and the muscles are flabby and the abdomen is full, ascitic fluid is present. We showed that there were no pressure changes in the circulation of these ascitic animals. The ascitic fluid of these rabbits appears to be nor-mal tissue fluid, the rate of production of wlhieh is probably normal, but absorption by tlle lymplhatics is impeded owing to the respiratory movements and actioni of tlhe abdominial muscles being less effective in this direction than are those of a wild animal, in whicll the abdomen is taut and tlle movements active and vigorous. Finally, we arriye at the question wlhetlher absorption entirely ceases by the blood vessels of tlle peritoneum when osmotic equilibrium is establislhed between the ascitic fluid and the blood. This entirely depends upon whether protein is absorbed by the capillary wall or not. An increased absorption of fluid may be occurring by the capillaries of the abdominal wall, altlhouglh they do not tale up the ascitic fluid from the peritoneumi. The explanation of this is that tlle protein concenitrationi of tissue fluid is kept low by the tissue cells usilng up the protein during their metabolic activities, whilst the ascitic fluid remains of the same protein concentration. Until proof is fortheomina that absorption of protein may occur by the capillary wall, we must assunie that wlhen the ascitic fluid attains osmotic equilibrium witlh tlle blood plaima the ascites is entirely absorbed by the lymphatics.


MOST dermatologists agree as to the fact that the Finsen carbon arc light treatment is the most efEective treatment for lupus vulgaris and similar skin-conditions. Still, it remains an undeniable fact that this treatment is not used fco any large extent outside Denmark. The principal reason for this is that each exposure takes so long a time—as a rule two hours—and that it deals only with a very small area, and moreover that it requires the permanent supervision of a skilled nurse to each patient. These conditions co-operate to make the treatment rather time-wasting and expensive. It would be an obvious gain if the intensity of the treatment could be increased. But any great increase is impossible if the total carbon arc light is used, as is the case in the original apparatus, where only a short filter of distilled water absorbs the infra-red ra3^s. The light of the carbon arc contains only a rather low percentage of ultraviolet light—scarcely more than 10%. An increase in the irradiation with chemical light would be followed immediately by a severe burn from the rest of the light, the power of which would be correspondingly increased. To obtain a real increase in intensity the content of long-waved rays must be reduced without reducing the content of ultra-violet rays. This paper deals with an attempt of this sort. The only possibility here is to apply coloured filters that absorb some of the rays, but permit the transmission of others. A 1% solution of copper sulphate in strong ammonia—very strong in order to reduce the number of free copper ions to a minimum—proved to be extremely well fitted for the purpose in question. A study of the absorption curve of this solution shows that practically all the infra-red light is absorbed, and of the luminous rays also the red, yellow and most of the green rays,


Test path configuration is becoming a more and more complicated question with the development of automatic test equipment. For reducing difficulties of test path configuration,a searching algorithm of Artificial Intelligence based on ATS model is presented in this paper, which is applied to select the best test path between ATE signal ports and UUT test ports according to sign attenuation.And it realizes the connections between TPS and test hardware resource and improves the interchangeabilities of TPS.


7. New Business Incoming President's Report – Kathleen Sullivan Vote for adoption and approval of – Michael Gipe, Incoming Vice President • Conversion from unincorporated association to a California Public Benefit Corporation • Articles of Incorporation • Bylaws of the corporation • 501(c)3 application for the corporation • Members of the corporation • Initial Directors and officers of the corporation • Other matters that are necessary to the conversion and reorganization Update – Delegate Assembly/B-MAD Program – Dana Tom Introduction of Hoffmann Co-Chairs and Legislative Brunch Chair – Kathleen Sullivan Other


Results: In comparison of the preeclamptic patients with controls; there was statistically significant difference in MPV(p=0.012, p 0.05). Conclusion: Cheap, easily and fastly measurable CBC indices including MPV, PDW and PC/MPV ratio may be valuable markers for diagnosis of preeclampsia in daily practice. The large-scale prospective studies are needed to verify all findings.


Covid-19 has a severe impact on the way we teach and learn today. As the global pandemic has severely impacted our education sector, adaptation is much needed in the way we teach and learn as we adapt to the new normal. This comparative study involves four sets of data involving two teachers from Malaysia and two teachers from Iraq. The researchers interviewed the respondents and sorted their feedbacks according to the themes of this study. The study reveals the differences and similarities in how teachers adapt to the new way of teaching English and teaching methods for receptive and productive English skills to high school students in both countries. It also reveals teachers' opinions on using first language materials in their English teaching. The study highlights the teaching theories and principles applied by teachers in both countries in teaching in the new normal. The study also reveals that the respondents managed to adapt authentic teaching and learning materials for online teaching and revamped their lesson plans and timetables. The respondents also used the Telegram application to share teaching and learning materials and connect with their students. All respondents agree with the use of first language materials in teaching English and the role of teachers to motivate students in learning English in the new normal. Finally, the study reveals that all respondents from both countries manage to adapt to the new teaching method in the pandemic.


Over twenty years have passed since December 25, 1961 when Pope John XXIII decided to convene the Ecumenical Council in Rome by the end of 1962. The Council had already been announced in January 1959, but this set the time and accelerated preparations for it. There is no need to stress how during this twenty-year period the changes resulting from the Council have had a profound effect on the organization of the Catholic Church, its culture, the elaboration of its doctrines, and its relation to the social and political realities of our time. At the time of Pope Pius XII's death, the Roman Church seemed to be on the defensive.


Two type of exogenous action on transformed cells have been investigated. The first system includes clones of TWERC cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus and cultivated in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine. The second system consists of spontaneously transformed rat cells Sam IV superinfected with avian sarcoma virus B-77. In these cell lines and clones the structure of the provirus and its expression have been analyzed by different molecular probes.


Vertebrate conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) act as cis-regulatory modules of developmental genes. To assess their roles in coordinating gene expression during embryogenesis, CNEs were subjected to motif searches. Using reporter gene assays in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, Pbx-Hox (TGATNNAT) motifs are demonstrated to be poor predictors of hindbrain enhancer activity. Hindbrain enhancer CNEs are distinguished from hindbrain negative CNEs accurately by virtue of co-occurring Pbx-Hox (TGA TDDA TKD) and Meis/Pknox (CTGTCA) motifs. The grammar of these motifs was investigated using a bioinformatic pipeline for the detection of multiple conserved motifs, revealing no patterns in their relative organisation aside from spatial co-occurrence. These motifs were then used to identify additional conserved hindbrain enhancers with high efficacy (89%). Substitutions targeted to either motif abrogate expression by the enhancer or generate ectopic reporter gene expression, suggesting that motif co-occurrence is required for efficient and segment-specific hindbrain activation. Pbx-Hox and Meis/Pknox motifs are enriched in gnathostome CNE sets but are not detected in invertebrate chordate CNEs. Furthermore the presence (or absence) of the hindbrain syntax correlates with the conservation (or lack thereof) of segment-restricted enhancer activity in orthologous CNEs from the sea lamprey. A library of zebrafish hindbrain regulatory elements is made available. The heterogeneity of function and the loose grammar of motifs are consistent with combinatorial factor binding; a model of CNEs as exceptionally well- conserved billboard enhancers is presented (inflexible billboard model). The implications of these data for models of the evolution of the vertebrate hindbrain are discussed. Several components of the hindbrain gene regulatory network are shared- derived characters of gnathostomes, suggesting the establishment and elaboration of the conserved regulatory code controlling hindbrain development on the vertebrate and gnathostome stems, respectively.


The hereditary muscular dystrophies of the ham~te r ,~ . and mouse6-s have been reviewed, and our knowledge of those diseases has been extended at this conference. Those diseases have served as important biomedical models for muscle disease research. In addition, hereditary muscular dystrophies have been reported in mink:, 10 sheep," and turkeys.l2> l3 Those diseases, in addition to other inherited and acquired neuromuscular (motor unit) diseases of animals, have been reviewed by had lo^,^*. l5 and an extensive review of neuromuscular diseases in animals will not be presented here. Subsequent to those reviews, heritable neuromuscular diseases have been described in dogs: a lower motor neuron disease similar to spinal muscular atrophy (WerdnigHoffmann disease) has been reported in Swedish Lapland dogs,ls a myodegenerative myopathy with possible recessive X-linked inheritance has been reported in Irish terrier dogs,I7 and a neuromuscular disease characterized by a deficiency of type-I1 myofibers with possible autosomal recessive inheritance has been reported in Labrador retriever dogs.18 While significant numbers of neuromuscular diseases have been described in animals, their occurrence is generally considered to be infrequent. That belief is probably incorrect, because numerous factors obscure their presence. Since subjective sensations (symptoms) of the patient are not detectable by the veterinarian, recognition of neuromuscular diseases in animals must be based on objective criteria, such as clinical signs and the results of special tests. In turn, clinical signs are subject to modification and variation, since there is considerable reserve and ability to compensate for partial losses of function. Therefore, objective criteria that can be obtained from electrodiagnostic tests, chemical tests, and muscle biopsies can be especially helpful in the evaluation of muscular weakness and in the recognition of neuromuscular diseases in animals. The application of histochemical techniques to the study of muscle biopsies has provided more precise pathologic criteria for the evaluation and classification of neuromuscular diseases in mar^.^^-*^ As a result, muscle biopsy examinations have become an integral' part of the diagnostic procedures utilized in the clinical evaluation of neuromuscular diseases. The application of those histochemical and special staining techniques to the examination of muscle biopsies in animals has been largely limited to neuromuscular diseases of current comparative biomedical research interest. Only in recent years have such techniques been applied to the evaluation of muscule biopsies in clinical case reports of neuromuscular diseases in domestic animals.17* 23-29 The pathologic criteria established by muscle biopsy examinations in neuromuscular diseases


A configuration made up of two nested magnetically insulated transmission lines, the inner one carrying a high voltage lower current - and the outer one a high current lower voltage - pulse, was in a previous communication proposed for the ignition of a magnetic field assisted thermonuclear detonation wave. Unlike the fast ignition concept, it does not require the compression of the DT fusion fuel to densities in excess of the solid state. Here I show that with the same configuration, but by surrounding the DT fusion fuel with a blanket of solid U238, Th232 or B10, the ignition of a thermonuclear detonation wave is possible with densities of the DT fuel less than solid state densities, because the DT fusion neutrons can make a sufficient number of fission reactions, greatly increasing the pressure in the blanket, compressing the DT to high densities, launching a magnetic field assisted thermonuclear detonation wave. This autocatalytic fusion-fission burn has the further advantage that it can burn natural uranium, thorium and even boron.


In the present period ofsocial transition ofurban-rural integration,rural education has a single value selection tendency,and sways between the"urban center"and the"rural center".The main reasons are as follows: the diversityofvalue subjects ofrural education is not identified,the selection ofrural education values is not systematic enough,and the binarythinkinghas resulted in the tendencyofeither this or that,as well as the singularityofeducational value itself.Under the background ofurban-rural integration,the value ofrural education should be the multiple value orientation for the personal development,for the integration ofurban and rural social services and the improvement ofthe livelihood ofthe people.


The linear and nonlinear behavior of the right-hand resonant and nonresonant electromagnetic ion beam instabilities driven by cool, β ∼ 1 ion beams is investigated as a function of beam mass and density. When the heavy ion beam is the less dense component, the maximum growth rate of the resonant mode and the threshold velocity of the nonresonant mode decrease with beam mass, while the maximum growth rate of the nonresonant mode and the threshold velocity of the resonant mode are nearly independent of the mass of the beam. When the heavy ion beam is the more dense component, a reversal of roles occurs, with the properties of the instabilities being determined by the sparser core ions. The nonlinear properties obtained from simulation show a similar behavior. At low beam densities the magnetic field fluctuation level increases with beam mass; at higher beam density it depends on the core mass. Very large magnetic fluctuations (δB/B0 ∼ 3), and smaller but still sizeable density fluctuations that do not correlate with the magnetic fluctuations, are observed and shown to agree well with those derived from theory. Applications to comets and Venus are suggested.


There are large degrees of freedom (DOF) in the design of micro-fabricated optical circuits. This paper introduces the wavefront matching method as an automated design technique of the DOF, and its applications.


Four types of ready to eat meat products represented by minced meat, Beef burger, sausage and luncheon (20 of each) were collected from different shops and supermarkets in Gharbia governorate. Each sample was subjected to bacteriological examination for demonstration of B. cereus and examined the antimicrobial effect of some preservatives on isolated B. cereus from the different samples. The high incidence of B. cereus was recorded in minced meat samples (65%) followed by sausage(40%), beef burger(35%) and luncheon(35%). The use of nisin 100g/ton in combination with potassium sorbate 2000g/ton resulted in decrease count of B. cereus from 7.30 log cfu/g to < 2.00 log cfu/g. This combination have synergistic action and cause bactericidal effect on B. cereus while the use of sodium phosphate alone resulted in mild decrease in B. cereus count from 7.30 log cfu/g to4.52 log cfu/g.


The article contains an analysis of the scientific achievements and views of the economist Stanisław Głąbiński, associated with Lviv. Polish economic thought in the interwar period developed in two opposite directions: theoretical and historical. The first of them dominated in the Krakow, Poznań and Warsaw centers, while the second was represented by economists associated with the Lviv and Warsaw centers. Głąbiński was the leading representative of the historical course at the University of Lviv. His economic views as well as political, social and economic activities deserve attention. Głąbiński's socio-economic concepts were a reflection of his political views. His most important works from the period of the Second Polish Republic, ie two volumes of National Economics (Theory of National Economics – 1927 and National Economic Policy – 1928) and History of Economics – 1939 (volumes 1 and 2) are the best proof of this. Głąbiński has always tried to look at the essence of economic phenomena from the national point of view. Throughout his scientific activity he also proclaimed the creation of a new school in the science of economics – a national school whose theoretical basis would be the nation and the national idea. He left the individualism of the liberal school and examined the economic reality through the prism of national interest. He claimed that an abstract analysis of a personal interest that omits the national interest is only a hypothesis that does not explain the economic reality. Therefore, he proposed to supplement abstract research with research on the whole socio-economic reality: historical analyzes and comparison of the personal interest of economic entities with the general interest.


In the immediate aftermath of the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, DC, it was commonplace to say that 11 September 2001 would be remembered as a day that changed the world. One year later, it is an appropriate time to take stock of the events of 11 September, and developments since then, and assess their impact on world politics. In this article I undertake such a review, advancing a number of arguments. First, not withstanding the shock of 11 September 2001, many important aspects of world politics have not changed. The basic political structure of international politics, built on the concept of the sovereign nationstate, and the dilemmas of global governance in an anarchic world arising from the state system, have not changed. Many global problems—globalization, global warming, north-south economic divisions—have not been significantly affected by the events of September 2001. Nevertheless, international politics did change in two very important ways on 11 September 2001. First, the terrorist attacks on the USA confirm the emergence of a new type of threat: a truly global terrorist group, engaged in an all-embracing conflict with the USA and its allies and unconstrained in the violence which it is willing to use. The challenge posed by al-Qaida (and allied groups) is therefore likely to be a key feature of international politics in the future. Second, the US response to 11 September 2001 has resulted in a new assertiveness in US foreign policy. The war on terrorism and the related struggle against the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction (WMD) have become the central elements of US foreign policy. This is backed up by a new willingness to assert US power, unilaterally if necessary. These two developments—the new threat posed by global terrorism and the assertive US response to that threat—are creating a new strategic context for the foreign policy choices of other states, which will face difficult dilemmas about whether and how to support, oppose or stand aside from the US-led war on terror. Despite President Bush's claim that 'Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists', most states are likely to be agnostic about US power in general and the conduct of the war on terrorism in particular, viewing US global engagement as both inevitable and necessary but wary of the nature and costs of that engagement. These dynamics—the new terrorist threat, the new US international assertiveness and international ambiguity about America's global role—are likely to shape world politics for years to come.


Plasma arc technology, developed in the 1950s and used for years in the steel-making industry, is coming into its own around the world as a waste treatment technology. The first applications of the technology as a waste-treatment method, both in the US and abroad, are falling into specialized, higher-priced waste niches such as medical waste and asbestos treatment. For economic reasons, using the technology on these streams currently makes more sense than trying to apply it, for example, to treating the general municipal solid waste (MSW) stream. Commercial applications of asbestos treatment in France and MSW incinerator ash vitrification in Japan are new in the past few years. Plasma technology is being developed or utilized in Japan, Russia, Europe, and South America, as well. In the US, plasma technology applications are being developed and targeted to treat hazardous wastes, outmoded military munitions, and to reduce the volume of low-level radioactive wastes, a continuing problem. Plasma applications also are being undertaken in medical waste and asbestos treatment, while vitrifying ash from MSW combustors is picking up because of various countries' regulations and concerns over the availability of landfill space and the toxicity of incinerator ash.


Establishing a distinctive four-year education system is the centre of school work after the school's transformation from the three-year education system.Focusing on the discipline construction,the library should provide information resources scientifically.The concrete measures are to plan the book collection system reasonably,to perfect the library discipline interview system,to make use of digital and network information resources,to integrate the document resources of the whole school and to establish the interlibrary resource sharing system.


The peanut leisure food was prepared based on complex ingredients of soft sugar,flour,rice powder and modified starch by using the technology of explosion puffing drying technology with modified temperature and pressure.The effects of various factors such as puffing temperature,vacuum drying temperature and time,dwell time and pressure on peanut leisure food quality were investigated.Finally,the optimum technological condition of explosion puffing drying process with modified temperature and pressure was determined.That was puffing temperature of 100℃,dwell pressure of 0.2Mpa,dwell time of 10min,vacuum drying temperature of 80℃,vacuum drying time of 150min.The results showed that the hardness of puffed peanut was markedly lower than that of peanut product from supermarket by 69.04%,and the crispness was increased by 52.21%.The explosion puffed drying peanut was crisp,delicious and nutritious.


Phosphors of SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ were encapsulated with polyethylene plastic film by a physical technology. Water resistance measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry were used to characterize the phosphors Results showed that the encapsulated layer was a thin film with an encapsulation amount of 4.0 wt%, and encapsulation can effectively improve the water-resistance for the phosphor without any destroy of crystal structure of phosphors.


In this article, the author draws some conclusions based on historical sources, commenting on the ethno-cultural processes that took place in the historical and cultural region of Central Asia - Ustrushana during the Western Turkish Khanate. Based on these conclusions, we can gain important information about the political, economic and cultural life of this country.


type="main" xml:lang="en"> Despite concerted efforts, Africa's regional integration process has encountered delays. Since the third stage of the Abuja Treaty in 2008, piecemeal progress has been observed. It therefore begs a difficult but relevant question: why is the regional integration process stalling? The conventional answer lies in challenges such as inadequate financial resources and infrastructure for trade among others. However, an approach is proposed to refocus regional integration on resource-based industrialization. The level of industrialization is examined in Africa using Balassa's Revealed Comparative Advantage Indexes based on the BACI dataset. Further, an input-output table analysis on production of Kenya's trade in intermediate inputs is done based on the GTAP 8 dataset. The analysis finds that while the level of industrialization is heterogeneous among African economies, the overall level is low. Also, in the case of Kenya and five regions in Africa, imported intermediate was found to be a critical input to production, lending support to the importance of trade facilitation measures in ensuring timely and cost-effective sourcing of inputs.


It's human nature: We huddle together in densely packed communities and then complain, Yogi Berra‐style, that it's too crowded here. The vast rural-to-urban migration of the past two centuries has left much of the countryside all but vacant. And yet people have also been fleeing the central cities; places such as Buffalo and Cleveland have lost almost half their population. The majority of Americans now live neither in the country nor the city but in the suburban areas of metropolitan counties. It's a slightly puzzling pattern: If we all choose to live near a big city but not in it, who will make the city big? The waves of population sloshing back and forth between farm and city also wash over the smaller towns and villages of the rural landscape—and perhaps threaten to wash them away. The market towns of the agricultural Mid


Research consistently documents positive relationships among religion, spirituality, and outcomes related to well-being. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which spousal dementia caregivers and other older adults rely on religion and spirituality as coping resources. A total of 52 Christian, Jewish, and non-religious dementia caregivers - as well as matched comparison groups of non-caregivers - were interviewed. Qualitative data analysis yielded both common themes among the three religious groups as well as themes of distinction. The findings suggest that the search for meaning and purpose during stressful life events knows no religious or spiritual borders. Even among the non-religious and non-spiritual, purpose and meaning were found in other areas, including in caring for others, in friendships, or simply in the aesthetic joys of life.


There has been an increased interest in enhancing the relatively low power coefficient of the Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWTs) for wider applications. Winglets are an effective solution for improving the aerodynamic performance in the aerospace field, and this paper numerically studies the aerodynamic effect of adding a winglet on the blade of a VAWT. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) base model is verified by experimental data from the available literature. The present work compares the effect of a winglet on the turbine performance of a VAWT. As a result, the power performance of the turbine with the appended winglets increases. The winglet assists in maintaining the pressure between the two sides of the blades. And, thus, weakens the tip vortex and improves the aerodynamic efficiency of the turbine blade.


1. Somatic growth and reproductive characteristics of an intertidal sponge, Haliclona permollis, were followed over a period of four years in a population on the central Oregon Coast.2. Methods have been developed for estimating the instantaneous tissue temperature of sponges, calculating egg and embryo production, and measuring somatic growth rate.3. Initiation of oogenesis during early March is best related to increases in incident light.4. A maximum rate of oogenesis (1.5 eggs/mm3/day) is found near the first two weeks of March, and the annual oocyte production was constant at about 44 oocytes/mm3.5. Temperature appears to have a secondary role in reproductive behavior but may influence sexual expression.6. Development of embryos is related to particulate food supply in late spring.7. Somatic growth rates are minimal from December to April and reach a maximum average of 1% per day in the fall.


Researches on cross language text processing systems have become an interesting research area, including CLIR (Cross Lingual Information Retrieval) and CLQA (Cross Language Question Answering) systems. For major languages, there are various available resources such as a parallel corpus, a rich bilingual dictionary, a high performance machine translation software, etc. In order to translate an English sentence into Japanese, one can use free machine translation tools such as Babelfish, Excite, etc. But this is not always the case, especially for minor languages such as Indonesian. For Indonesian, until now, obtaining a rich resource for the translation is quite impossible. To have resources such as the major languages do, one has to spend a lot of work hours. In this thesis, we deal with the cross language systems for Indonesian, a language with limited resources. We developed some systems for Indonesian language such as Indonesian-Japanese CLIR, Indonesian monolingual QA, IndonesianEnglish CLQA and Indonesian-Japanese CLQA. The main aim of these researches is to propose methods to handle the limited resource problem. In the Indonesian-Japanese CLIR, we propose a query transitive translation system of a CLIR for a language pair with limited data resources. The method is to do the transitive translation with a minimum data resource of the source language (Indonesian) and exploit the data resource of the target language (Japanese). There are two kinds of translation, a pure transitive translation and a combination of direct and transitive translations. In the transitive translation, English is used as the pivot language. The translation consists of two main steps. The first is a keyword translation process which attempts to make translation based on available resources. The keyword translation process involves many target language resources such as the Japanese proper name dictionary and English-Japanese (pivot-target language) bilingual dictionary. The second step is a process to select some of the best available translations. The mutual information score (computed from target language corpus) is combined with the TF × IDF score in order to select the best translation. The result on NTCIR 3 (NII-NACSIS Test Collection for IR Systems) Web Retrieval Task showed that the translation method achieved a higher IR score than the machine translation (using Kataku (Indonesian-English) and Babelfish/Excite (EnglishJapanese) engines). The performance of transitive translation was about 38% of the monolingual retrieval, and the combination of direct and transitive translation achieved about 49% of the monolingual retrieval which is comparable to the English-Japanese IR task. In the monolingual Question Answering (QA) system, we have developed a QA system for a limited resource language (e.g. Indonesian) which employs a machine learning approach. The QA system consists of two key components: "question classifier" and "answer finder", which are based on Support Vector Machines (SVM). We also developed some supporting tools such as an easily built POS tagger and a shallow parser for the question. These supporting tools are built with small human efforts. In the development, there are 3000 questions for 6 answer types, collected from 18 Indonesian. For the evaluation data, there are 71,109 Indonesian news articles available on Web. In the experiments, some feature combinations for the SVM were compared. All features used are extracted from the available language resources. One of the important features is a bi-gram frequency between the intended word and some defined words. This feature is introduced to cope with the resource poorness. For the question classification task, the system achieved about 96% accuracy. The answer finder achieved MRR of 0.52 on the first answer as the exact correct answer. Using this machine learning approach, we argue that this monolingual QA system can be adapted easily to other limited resource language. For the CLQA research, we adopted the approach used in the Indonesian monolingual QA into the Indonesian-English CLQA system. The IndonesianEnglish CLQA system was built from Indonesian question analyzer system, IndonesianEnglish translation using a bilingual dictionary, English passage retriever and English answer finder. Different with other Indonesian-English CLQA systems, we did a bilingual dictionary translation in order to make the keyword coverage larger. The translation module is equipped with a transformation module for Indonesian borrowed words such as "prefektur"(from "prefecture"), "Rusia"(from "Russian"), etc. The translation results are combined into a boolean query to retrieve relevant English passages. Features of translated question keywords and passages are used to define the answer in the English passages. The bi-gram frequency feature used in the Indonesian answer finder for each word in the passage is replaced by the WordNet distance feature. This replacement is done easily without adding any mapping tables. In the experiments, 2553 questions were used as the training data and 284 questions were used as the test data. These questions were collected from 18 Indonesian college students. Using this in-house data, the question answering achieved the accuracy of 25% for the first correct answer. Experiments were also conducted using the translated test questions from NTCIR 2005 CLQA data. For the NTCIR 2005 CLQA data, our IndonesianEnglish CLQA system is superior to others except for one with a rich translation resources. We also did an experiment for various size of training data which shows that the size of training data does influence the accuracy of a CLQA system. In the Indonesian-Japanese CLQA, we used a transitive approach in translation and passage retrieval phase. Similar with the Indonesian-Japanese CLIR, English is used as the pivot language in the transitive translation with bilingual dictionaries. The experiment shows that the passage retriever for transitive translation using mutual information score and TF× IDF score as the translation filtering could enhance the performance to be higher than the direct translation. Furthermore, using English passage retriever result as the input for the Japanese passage retriever gives much higher passage retrieval performance compared to the one with only query as the input. The answer finder process employs easily gained features including the POS information yielded by Chasen (an available Japanese morphological analyzer). Even though the Indonesian-Japanese question answering performance is lower than the Indonesian-English CLQA but it is higher than other research using a similar technique which employs text chunking process in an English-Japanese CLQA.


The last 2-3 cm of the extravesical ureter are covered on the outside by muscle fibres that come from the bladder wall. These fibres are attached to the adventitia of the ureter. The controversy starts at this point. Waldeyer described in 1892 a small injectable space between these muscle fibres and the ureter which he called, in German, the "Ureterscheide." This can be translated in different ways as has been stated by Woodburne (1964, 1965), who remarked that the translation "Waldeyer's sheath" is in fact a misnomer. According to this author, Waldeyer described a separation between two structures and not one structure covering the other as a sheath. Since, however, the name "Waldeyer's sheath" is widely used and a classical concept in the anatomical descriptions of this region, it will be used here to designate the muscle fibres deflected on the last few centimetres of the extravesical ureter. According to Uhlenhuth (1953), Waldeyer's sheath is derived from the middle circular layer of the bladder musculature. Between the origin and the insertion into the adventitia of the ureter there is a free section a few millimetres in length. Hutch (1961) stated that the insertion area can be confined to the superior half of the ureter, but that more often the fibres fan out around the ureter. Tanagho and Pugh (1963) and later Tanagho and Hutch (1965) expressed a different view, based on microdissection studies. They described it as a sheath around the whole distal part of the ureter, following it through the bladder wall from which it receives some small muscle fibres. According to


The present study was conducted to determine the effects of two clinically relevant diets on HMO and to determine if ethanol has demonstrable effects in the presence of dietary sources that promote normal growth rates. A model in which ethanol was infused directly into the stomach as part of a total enteral nutrition system (TEN) was used in the current study. The effects of the two liquid diets alone or of TEN where 35% of the total calories in the diets were replaced by ethanol for 8 days were examined on HMO of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. HMO activities were determined using standard enzyme assays with specific substrates and cytochrome P450 apoprotein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. The results of these studies suggest: that short-term dietary ethanol can induce CYP 2E1 in well nourished animals but that the level of induction is smaller than that previously reported using Lieber-DeCarli pair feeding regimens; that diet alone has a significant influence on constitutive levels of P450 isozymes including CYP 2E1; that diet influences the effects of ethanol on HMO; and that the TEN system is a useful model for the study of diet/drug interactions.


Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is a swarm intelligence-based algorithm that simulates whale population predation in the sea. Aiming at the shortcomings of WOA such as low precision and slow convergence speed, an improved whale optimization algorithm based on nonlinear adaptive weight and golden sine operator (NGS-WOA) was proposed. NGS-WOA first introduced a non-linear adaptive weigh so that search agents can adaptively explore the search space, and balance the development and exploration stages. Secondly, the improved golden sine operator is incorporated into the WOA. Due to the special relationship between the sine function and the unit circle, traversing the sine function is equivalent to scanning the unit circle. The search agent performs an efficient search with a sine route so as to improve the convergence speed and global exploration capability of the algorithm. At the same time, the addition of the golden section coefficient allows search agents to exploit with a fixed shrink step. The search agent can develop to areas with excellent results, which improves the optimization accuracy and local exploitation ability of the algorithm. In the simulation experiments, the gold sine algorithm (GoldSA), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, firefly algorithm (FA), fireworks algorithm (FWA), sine cosine algorithm (SCA) and NGS-WOA were selected for comparison experiments. Then, the effectiveness of the proposed improved strategies is verified. Finally, the improved WOA is applied to high-dimensional optimization and engineering optimization problems. The experimental results show that the improved strategy can effectively improve the performance of the algorithm, so that NGS-WOA has the advantages of high global convergence and avoiding falling into local optimal values.


Text of a lecture delivered by respected American palaeontologist and writer Stephen Jay Gould as the recipient of the annually-awarded "Edinburgh Medal". He enlarges his views on science and society, and shows how we each fit into the evolutionary process.


Based on the analysis of the performance of important buildings with the dynamic elastic-plastic analysis method,this paper proposes to use the improved FUZZY method to establish a model to predict the damage level of the buildings. Finally,this method is used to predict the earthquake damage of the actual engineering,which provides the reference for the building seismic assessment with important effect.