The systematic description of varieties of English, native and non-native, is steadily gaining momentum in contemporary sociolinguistics (c.f., e.g., Kortmann and Schneider 2004, cf. also Schneider 1997a,b; Labov, Ash and Boberg 2005; Burridge and Kortmann 2008; Kortmann and Upton 2008; Mesthrie 2008; Schneider 2008). English has long been identified to be a pluricentric language (Clyne 1991), and more recently linguists have been paying increasing attention to the use of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), as there is widespread agreement about the fact that "the vast majority of verbal exchanges in English do not involve any native speakers at all" (Seidlhofer 2005a: 339, b; cf. also Jenkins 2005). Cook (2003) points out that it is communicative language teaching, an approach based on the introduction of the concept of communicative competence by Hymes (1972), that still remains "the dominant orthodoxy in progressive language teaching" today (Cook 2003: 36). This also means that 21st century speakers and learners of English need to be linguistically, sociolinguistically and pragmatically equipped to be able to communicate with native and non-native speakers of English from various regional, social and cultural backgrounds (Bieswanger 2007: 405). ELT, broadly defined by the Oxford University Press ELT Journal as "the field of teaching English as a second or foreign language", is thus currently facing new challenges in a changing and increasingly globalized world.


This paper introduced the status of lead-free solders reliability based on finite element simulation.With the miniaturation and high-reliability transformation of electronic devices,the sizes of lead-free solder joints become smaller,and its reliability investigation turns into the important research subject.Comparing with abroad achievements in this field,it is found that the productions of Chinese researcher have obvious advance,however,the theories findings are weak,and it is need great efforts to improve it.


As the complex active frontal part of Tibetan Plateau expanding toward the Eurasia interiors, northeastern Tibet (NE Tibet) is located in the converging region where the Tibetan Plateau, the Ordos Block and the Alashan Block intersect. In view of the special tectonic setting of NE Tibet, a seismic study in this region is of great importance for establishing a plateau dynamics model and regional geological interpretation. However, due to the limitations of data acquisition conditions and traditional imaging techniques, there are still significant differences between previous inversion results, leading to controversial geological interpretations of the evolution in this region. More deterministic geological interpretations of NE Tibet usually require 3D images of velocity structures with a higher resolution than in current images. In order to obtain finely resolved tomographic images, we performed Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) on broad-band teleseismic body wave records collected by dense temporary transect and adjacent seismological stations deployed in NE Tibet. A hybrid method which couples a global wave propagation method in a 1D Earth model with a 3D spectral-element method in a regional domain was used to model broad-band teleseismic wavefields. The sensitivity kernels of the least square waveform misfit function with respect to elastic perturbations in the regional domain were computed with the adjoint state method. By using these waveform sensitivity kernels, an iterative FWI algorithm was used to invert broadband body waveform data recorded by regional stations to obtain the structural model. A thorough view of lithospheric deformation and mechanism of plateau growth in NE Tibet is provided based on the obtained FWI structural model and previous studies.


A selective autophagy receptor identified Autophagosomes engulf and degrade cellular components in lysosomes. Degradation of ribosomes is called ribophagy and is an important source of nutrients. Using a recently reported method to isolate lysosomes, Wyant et al. profiled the dynamics of the lysosomal proteome under different nutrient conditions (see the Perspective by Nofal and Rabinowitz). The protein NUFIP1 is an autophagy receptor for ribosomes during starvation-induced ribophagy. NUFIP1 shuttles out of the nucleus and targets its ribosome cargo directly by binding to an autophagosome protein. Loss of NUFIP1 means failure to provide sufficient nucleotides during starvation and, therefore, loss of cells under low nutrient conditions. Science, this issue p. 751; see also p. 710 NUFIP1 is a receptor for the selective degradation of ribosomes via starvation-induced autophagy (ribophagy). The lysosome degrades and recycles macromolecules, signals to the master growth regulator mTORC1 [mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1], and is associated with human disease. We performed quantitative proteomic analyses of rapidly isolated lysosomes and found that nutrient levels and mTOR dynamically modulate the lysosomal proteome. Upon mTORC1 inhibition, NUFIP1 (nuclear fragile X mental retardation–interacting protein 1) redistributes from the nucleus to autophagosomes and lysosomes. Upon these conditions, NUFIP1 interacts with ribosomes and delivers them to autophagosomes by directly binding to microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B). The starvation-induced degradation of ribosomes via autophagy (ribophagy) depends on the capacity of NUFIP1 to bind LC3B and promotes cell survival. We propose that NUFIP1 is a receptor for the selective autophagy of ribosomes.


Jadeitite exhibiting jadeite with quartz inclusions has been newly found in the Nishisonogi metamorphic rocks, Kyushu, Japan. The jadeitites occur in boulders from a riverbed, together with boulders of albitites, clinozoisite-muscovite rocks, and serpentinites. The distribution of these boulders is confined to an area that is downstream from an outcrop of a serpentinite melange, suggesting that they were originally tectonic blocks in this serpentinite melange. The jadeitites consist mainly of jadeite with small amounts of muscovite, paragonite, phlogopite, albite, analcime, clinozoisite, and titanite. The jadeite consists of a core with abundant inclusions of quartz and omphacite, and a rim that is free from quartz inclusions. The quartz inclusions are in direct contact with the host jadeite, which has an almost pure NaAlSi2O6 composition (Jd100-Jd95). The volume fraction of the quartz inclusions (VQtz/(VJd + VQtz) = 0.20-0.28) in the jadeite core is close to the value (VQtz/(VJd + VQtz) = 0.27) of quartz produced by the reaction albite = jadeite + quartz. These findings suggest that the jadeite core was produced by an isochemical breakdown of albite at high-P/T conditions. In addition, the jadeite is locally replaced by albite and/or analcime at the rim and along microfractures. These microtextures provide information to deduce a retrograde P-T path during the exhumation of the jadeitite.


Drawing from the postcolonial literature and usi ng Afro-Caribbean people as a case example, this paper explores how c ol nialism and ethnicity influence perceptions of race and racism among peop le of the African Diaspora Today it is an accepted premise that most Whites do not see racial discrimination as a widespread or deeply entrenched problem in predomin antly white workplaces, schools, and public service agencies. According to Feagin and S ikes (1994), Whites look at matters of racial discrimination with detachment, whereas Blacks view racism in terms of their and their relatives' experiences in past and present encounters with Whi te people. As a result, Blacks and Whites have different views about racial inequity and inju stice. These oppositional views make it difficult for adult educators to facilitate authent ic dialogues about race and its impact on adult learning and teaching. While there is emerging dis cus ions of race in adult education (Colin & Preciphs, 1991; Johnson-Bailey & Cervero, 2000), it is no surprise that our discussions continue to take a binary approach, focusing on dialectical rel tionships between "Whites" and "Others." Moreover, issues of race go beyond discourses betw een Whites and Others; they are inclusive of all races and within racial groups. A s many post-colonial scholars have found, there is a distinct relationship between racial identity, ethnic identity, and perceptions of racial discrimination among people of the African Diaspora (H ll & Carter, 2006; Hunter, 2006; Waters, 1996). According to these scholars, one's p rceptions of racial discrimination are determined by one's views of his or her race and et hnic identity. Therefore, even among Blacks in America, notions of race and racial discriminati on vary within ethnic groups. If we accept the view perceptions of race and raci al discrimination varies among racioethnic groups, then it is incumbent upon us to broaden the discourse to include intergroup perceptions of race and racism as shaped by ethnic group identity and affiliations. Colin and Preciphs (1991) argue that for adult educators to p ractice in a multicultural society, we must develop an understanding on the influence of racism on our perceptual patterns as they relate to the teaching and learning process. As they noted, " an understanding of the role and importance of perceptual patterns must become an integral part of the educational process" (p. 62). Colin and Preciphs further define perceptual patterns as "one's views of the world based on mental images formulated from the standards and ideals of the individual's social reference group" (p. 63). The acquisition of perceptual patterns, there fore, must be understood from an historical, cultural, and geographical context. Similarly, any attempts at addressing racist ideologies and practices must begin with an understanding of how h istory and the politics of location work in the interest of privilege and power to transcend cu ltural, political, and textual borders in the practice of colonial hegemony (McLaren & Farahmandp ur, 2001). There is no doubt that Blacks in America are impac ted by racism because racist ideologies rest on the assumption of shared interna l attributes based on physical characteristics (Helms & Cook, 1999). However, Hunter (2006) sugge sts that for West Indian Blacks who originate from countries where they were in the maj ority and were the primary holders of positions of power, confronting issues of discrimin at on in the US is a very complex issue. Purpose and Motivation for the Exploration The purpose of this concept paper is to explore how ethnicity and colonialism influence perceptions of race and racism among people of the African Diaspora, particularly among Anglophone West Indians. My motivation for this ex ploration stems from an ongoing desire to understand how early socialization as an Afro-Carib bean citizen during the colonial era influence one's views of race and race relations in white maj ority cultures. For many years after my arrival to the United States, I had difficulty iden tifying the color of racism, evidence that was often apparent to my African American friends. This is no surprise because one of the myths of my early socialization was that my destiny, my succ esses, or my failures were entirely up to me. I was socialized to believe that if I was identifie d arly on as a bright student, worked hard enough, obeyed the rules, did not question authorit y, and remained "a good girl," then I would be OK and would find success as defined by colonial st andards. . Such indoctrination led me to internalize that the negative experiences I encount ered in public spaces were the result of something I did or failed to do, and it was up to m e to change those experiences by doing the "right thing." Speaking of the myth with which Wes t Indians were indoctrinated, Lamming (1995) notes, "it is akin to the nutritive function f milk which all sorts of men [women] receive at birth. It is myth as the source of spiritual foods absorbed, and lear nt fo exercise in the future. This myth begins in the West Indian from the earliest stages of his [her] education"(p 15). The myth of equity based on individual efforts wa s soon shattered. In the US, I discovered that doing the right thing was not enoug h; it did not erase the fact that I was Black, and that some of my experiences in American society w re the result of my race, and were, therefore, out of my control. The question, then, i s "Why couldn't I see racism in its many manifestations?" To continue this exploration, I a sk the following questions: (1) How does an imperialist indoctrination as a colonial subject in fluences one's worldviews on race and racism? (2) How do ethnicity and racial group identity infl uence one's perceptions of race and race relations in majority white societies? To explore t h se questions, I used Anglophone Caribbean immigrants as a case example and drew from the post colonial literature to broaden the discourse on race and racism beyond a binary concept of "Whit e" and "Other." Afro-Caribbean Identities and Perceptions of Race and Racism Jones (1997) notes that racism has a systematic imp act on people of the African Diaspora that is experienced personally, collectively, and c ulturally. As Black people, we have experienced enslavement, personal racism, and vario us forms of institutional racism. Although Blacks living in the United States are often assume d to be a homogenous group as a result of their shared physical characteristics, there is con siderable variation in their ethnic origins and cultural orientations. Despite the common legacy o f slavery, Blacks throughout the Diaspora have been impacted by differing sociopolitical hist ories (Hall & Carter, 2006; Helms & Cook, 1999; Hintzen, 2001) which may influence their view s of race and its impact on everyday life. For many Black Caribbean immigrants, their arrival nto the United States marks the first time they are asked to socially categorize themselves ba sed on their physical characteristics and/or cultural heritage. Additionally, it is the first t ime that they are forced to view themselves as a Black minority and to internalize the stereotypical images that accompany such identification. Moreover, findings from research on Caribbean Blac ks in the US suggest that they have different views of racism that enable them to achie ve academically and financially (Helms & Cook, 2009; Hunter, 2006; Waters, 1994; 1995). Wate rs theorized that West Indian Black immigrants' low perception of personal discriminati on enable them to persevere while African Americans' perception of discrimination hinder thei r achievement in many areas. Hintzen (2001), however, caution us against making such cla ims, noting that there is very little evidence in support of Afro-Caribbean achievements over thos e f African Americans. What has been demonstrated very clearly in the literature is that West Indians, in general, do not want to be viewed from the same perspectives as American Black s nd many identify themselves through their ethnicity rather than through race (Hall & Ca rter, 2006; Waters, 1994; 1995). They identify as Afro-Caribbean, West Indian, or by their island of birth (Jamaican, Grenadian, Trinidadian) rather than being identified as African American. Hintzen (2001) and Waters (1999) suggest that their knowledge of the low social status of African Americans influences the importance that West Indians give to their ethnic group membership. By de-emphasizing race and emphasizing ethnicity, Afro-Caribbeans hope to minimize the sti gma of being Black in a racist society. This preference for ethnic identification is sign ificant in understanding group perceptions of race and racism. In fact, Nasser (2003) quoted R obert Hall, a professor of African American studies as saying that some West Indian families di scourage their children from playing with African Americans. Also, in my own research with A nglophone Caribbean immigrant women, I found similar attitudes. Several portrayed an attit ude of Anglophone Caribbean superiority and African American inferiority in terms of cultural v alues and motivations for self-development. Overall, evidence from the literature suggests tha t West Indians have different perceptions of racism and racial discrimination as a result of their cultural orientations. For example, Hunter's (2006) dissertation study on the perceptions of racial discrimination and collective self-esteem among African Americans and West Indian Americans found differences in perceptions among the two groups based on racial nd ethnic identities. Similarly, Gaines, Ramkissoon, and Matthies (2003) conducted a study o f Jamaicans in the US and found that the participants negotiated their understandings of rac e and racial discrimination based on their cultural orientations. They note that the differen c s in cultural socialization by one's ethnic gr


Preface. Chapter 1- Introduction. Chapter 2- Causes Of Diffuse Pollution. Chapter 3- Basic Concepts Of Diffuse Pollution. Chapter 4- Hydrologic Considerations. Chapter 5- Erosion and Sedimentation. Chapter 6- Soil Pollution and Its Mitigation (Coauthored by Wim Salomons). Chapter 7- Groundwater and Base Flow Contamination. Chapter 8- Urban and Highway Diffuse Pollution. Chapter 9- Control of Urban Diffuse Pollution (Coauthored by Neal O'Reilly). Chapter 10- Abatement of Agricultural Diffuse Pollution (Coauthored by Susan Alexander). Chapter 11- Integrated Watershed Management. Chapter 12- Water Body Assessment. Chapter 13- Estimating Loads and Loading Capacity by Models. Chapter 14- Water Body and Watershed Restoration and Waste Assimilative Capacity Enhancement. Appendix. Index.


A prospective, randomized, investigator-masked study was conducted to compare twice-daily and four-times-daily dosing of a corticosteroid after cataract surgery. All patients also received bromfenac 0.09% (Xibrom, Ista Pharmaceuticals). No significant differences in macular thickening or anterior chamber cell and flare were observed between groups.


Given a family of polynomials orthogonal with respect to a measure dµ, it is often necessary to find another family of polynomials orthogonal with respect to the measure r(x)dµ where r(x) is a rational function. The basic Geronimus transformation computes the polynomials orthogonal with respect to 1 x dµ, where is a real number, in terms of the polynomials orthogonal with respect to the measure dµ. In this work, we show that the standard algorithm to compute this transformation is not stable. We propose a new algorithm and prove that it is more accurate than the previous one. We also prove that this new algorithm is componentwise forward stable, which means that the obtained forward errors are of similar magnitude to those produced by a backward stable algorithm. Besides we provide a condition number that allows us to estimate forward errors in O(n) flops.


Purpose: One of the dental psychosomatic territories is the link between personality traits and oral health treatment. This present study aims at investigating whether determination of patient personality types leads to enhanced communication between dental hygienists and patients resulting in improved oral health. Some hypothesize that determining patient personality traits results in enhanced communication between the patient and the dental hygienist. Similarly, it is hypothesized that determination of a patient's personality trait can result in better oral health. Methods: A two part post personality and treatment in office survey will be conducted by either regular dental patients, patients that randomly visit the dentist or patients that only go to the dentist as needed. The survey will target a group of 150 patients in dental private practice settings with varying oral health needs. The data will be analyzed using SPSS 21.


I am pleased that Mat Kinton has given some views on bed numbers as a limitation to acute in-patient care ( Psychiatric Bulletin , February 2007, 31 , [76][1]) as it provides an opportunity to extend the debate further.

To my mind arguing that 'improvement may be reliant upon a much more


Background. Performic acid has recently become available on a commercial scale for potential use in waste- water disinfection and can become an innovative biocide for various purposes in food processing. The aim of our study was: 1) to investigate the antimicrobial resistance of performic acid as high active and non toxic chemical disinfectant against Escherichi coli (hygiene indicator test microorganism used in industrial micro- biology) and 2) to evaluate the electrical impedance measurement method usefulness for fast and high precise test of antibacterial activity. Material and methods. Four types of antimicrobial disinfectants (commercial 35% hydrogen peroxide, 1% performic acid, 35% hydrogen peroxide and 15% formic acid) were tested against Escherichia coli as hy- giene indicator test microorganism. By evaluating the biocidal activity of selected disinfectants two methods were compared: electrical impedance measurement and classical serial dilution method with turbidity effect. Results. It was stated that the performic acid expressed the highest antibacterial activity in comparison to other tested peroxide disinfectants: commercial 35% hydrogen peroxide solution and components required for performic acid production: 35% hydrogen peroxide solution with stabilizers and 15% formic acid solution with stabilizers). It was demonstrated that the proposed alternative microbiology method of electrical imped- ance measurement facilitates a rapidly and more precise analyses of the intensity of disinfectants inhibition effect. Conclusions. It can be postulated that both, the performic acid disinfectants as well as the impedimetric method can be a good advantage in the industrial microbiology.


Electron microscopic examination of the retinal vascular system in two species of rodents (spiny mice and rats), with subsequent morphometπcal evaluation of capillary basement membrane (BM) thickness and diameter, revealed an age-correlated basement membrane thickening in both species and an age-correlated increase of capillary diameter and a positive correlation between these two parameters in spiny mice. Further more, a positive correlation was found between body weight and BM width in rats. A discussion of the standard deviation of thevalues obtained, as well of factors other than age influencing BM width, are presented.


Dear Editors and Reviewers: Thank you for your letter and for the reviewers' comments concerning our manuscript entitled "Non-polar organic compounds in aerosols in a typical city of Eastern China: Size distribution, gas-particle partitioning and tracer for PM2.5 source apportionment" (Ref: acp-2017-908). These comments are valuable and very helpful for revising and improving our paper, as well as the important guiding significance to our researches. We have studied comments carefully and have made correction, the correction in the manuscript was marked-up with GREEN colour which we hope meet with approval. The main corrections in the paper and the responds to the reviewer's comments are as flowing: Responds to the editors' and reviewers' comments:


A sandwich ELISA has been developed for the detection of defined amounts of goats' milk (1–100%) in ewes' milk and cheese. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against goat caseins (GC). The resultant antibodies were affinity purified by immunoadsorption of the crude antiserum on to columns containing immobilized cow, ewe and goat caseins, followed by elution of the goats' milk‐specific antibodies (anti‐GC) from the column containing the goat caseins. The anti‐GC antibodies bound to the wells of a microtiter plate were used to capture the goats' caseins from milk or cheese mixtures. Further immunorecognition of the captured proteins was achieved with the same antibodies conjugated to biotin. ExtrAvidin‐peroxidase was used to detect biotinylated antibodies bound to their specific antigens. Subsequent enzymic conversion of the substrate gave clear absorbance differences when assaying mixtures of ewes' milk and cheese containing variable amounts of goats' milk.


Illegal oil bunkering is a regular activity in the Niger Delta region in Nigeria. Despite the huge financial cost on the part of the government and the multinational oil companies, the perpetrators of this business continue to expand their operations in the creeks. Illegal oil bunkering is now a booming business in the Niger Delta. It is believed to involve the different local militant groups in creeks, commodity traders, military personnel, international businessmen, and some indigenous oil servicing companies. The successes of illegal oil bunkering in Nigeria have been ascribed to both local and national interest as a result of the profits from this illegal oil business. This study critically examines the key actors of illegal oil bunkering; the root causes and consequences of illegal oil bunkering, and the solutions to the identified challenges.


This paper introduces a scheme of SPWM based on SOPC. It illustrates the design concepts applying SOPC. The article specifies the realization process of SPWM waveform and process of the waveform control. The project possesses the adjustable carrier wave ratio, high precision and so on. The outcome indicates the validity of the system design.


Non-Markoffian effects in the Josephson-radiation linewidth are investigated by using the projection-operator formalism of Mori. The memory function as well as the frequency are calculated in pertubation theory. We develop formal expressions for these to order lambda$sup 4$, lambda being a perturbation parameter, and discuss the simpler results valid to order lambda$sup 2$. (AIP)


This study examined the nature of morphology-based cross language transfer from Korean to reading and writing acquisition in English and Chinese among Korean-speaking 9th graders who had studied English for seven years and Chinese for one year as foreign languages. One hundred and sixty students were administered a set of comparable Korean (L1), English (L2), and Chinese (L3) tasks tapping into morphological awareness, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing. Correlation and hierarchical regression analyses revealed that (a) morphological awareness strongly correlated with reading comprehension and writing in all three languages; (b) morphological awareness in Korean significantly contributed to reading comprehension in English and Chinese; and (c) the transfer from Korean morphology to English reading was more likely to occur in students with more advanced English reading skills. No significant transfer was observed in morphological awareness in Korean to writing in English or Chinese. These findings point to the unique morphology-based transfer that facilitated reading comprehension across different orthographies and the importance of proficiency in the target language that determines the occurrence of such transfer in third language acquisition. Finally, learners in an L1 dominant setting are able to apply their general knowledge about shared morphological structure from L1 to reading, not only in L2, but in L3 as well. The empirical results were discussed within the theoretical framework of the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis and Interdependence Hypothesis.


This study uses a quantitative approach. This study is an ex-post facto study using the technique of Pearson Product Moment Correlation test. Total sample of 56 students of class X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 in SMA 1 Rambatan. Sampling is done by proportional random sampling technique. Varible research discipline consists of a variable (X) and Learning achievement variable (Y). The technique of collecting data using questionnaires. The results showed that: there is a significant positive relationship between the disciplines of student learning and the learning achievement of students of class X SMA Negeri 1 Rambatan district Tanah Datar West Sumatra of the academic program 2013/2014, where the results r data = 0.388 greater than r critical = 0.2632. And t test showed significance greater than t data= 2804 t critical = 2.0048.


Indeed, one version of the generalized Sullivan conjecture asserts that, whenG is a finite p-group, andM is a G-CW-complex, then thep-completion ofk is a homotopy equivalence. This conjecture was proved in the case when M is a finite complex by Miller [7]. For a finite groupG, the rational homotopy theory of MhG has been studied by Goyo [5]. In [1, 2], the authors studied the homotopy type of MhG for a compact Lie group G with particular emphasis when G is the circle. From now on, and unless explicitly stated otherwise, G will denote a compact connected Lie group and by a topological G-space we mean a nilpotent G-space with the homotopy type of a CW-complex of finite type and MG ¤ ;. Then the action ofG on M induces an action of G on M


In this paper, we propose a bot detection method that combines traffic analysis by Network based IDS (NIDS) and process context information obtained from monitored machines by using Virtual Machine Introspection. Some existing NIDS determine a machine is infected if it is suspected of performing both of the Command and Control(C&C) communication and infection activities. This approach, however, has possibilities to generate false positives and negatives. For example, a machine that simultaneously runs two benign processes which perform C&C communication-like and infection-like activities respectively could be falsely detected. To address this problem, the proposed method enables NIDS to achieve process-grained detection by adding the context information of the processes that perform network activities. For example, this method declares a machine is infected when the machine has a process that appears to perform both of C&C communication and infection activities. Through experiments using a prototype implementation on Xen and a bot sample specified by CCC DATAset 2009, we confirm that the proposed method has a capability to detect bots appropriately.


Abstract #5151 Background: Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) has been shown to be as effective as mastectomy in the treatment of tumors 5 cm or smaller. However, few patients with tumors larger than 2 cm have been included in the randomized trials. We sought to investigate the prognosis of patients with tumors measuring 2.1 to 5 cm according to local treatment in the SEER database.
 Methods: The SEER registry provided data from 17 registries. Survival was studied according to surgical treatment of tumor with stratifications on tumor size, nodal status, pathological characteristics and adjuvant radiation therapy. Cause specific survival was measured by SEER as the time from diagnosis to date of death and date of last follow-up, respectively. We used the Kaplan-Meier product limit method to describe cause specific survival and the log-rank test to assess differences between patient groups. All tests were two tailed, and p values Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5151.


The development of the impact of technological change on the interdependence of sectors and countries in the EC is investigated by means of weighted Fields of Influence of column-wise changes in technical coefficients on the Leontiefinverse. In this manner, the propulsiveness of the member countries' sectors is analysed and spatially decomposed into a 'domestic', an 'intercountry spillover', an 'intercountry return' and a 'rest of the EC' effect. Analogously, the reactiveness to technological change of each sector's multiplier, and the dependence on technological change of each sector's production level are analysed. JEL C67, F15, O33, O52.


Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been associated with a variety of unfavourable effects, including increased risk of pneumonia, and is only recommended if specific characteristics are present to ensure patients derive the most benefit.


Abstract This article proposes that the undifferentiated selfobject is the key to understanding the formation and treatment of disorders that are characterized by preoccupations with destructive thoughts and actions. The undifferentiated selfobject is a fundamental self-sustaining experience of knowing that there are ongoing and unknown happenings to be discovered throughout life that will be surprising, challenging, and self-sustaining. It is an extension of Heinz Kohut's contributions of selfobjects that are necessary to the development of the self. Commonly accepted knowledge that there have been traumatic events in the early life of disordered patients points to disruptions of the development of the undifferentiated selfobject. These disruptions lead to preoccupations that are considered disorders. A treatment example of an obsessive personality disorder clarifies how understanding the undifferentiated selfobject was critical in delinking the patient from his preoccupation and allowing him to perceive and implement new directions in his life.


This work provides a preliminary understanding of how transgender women and non-binary people of color experience violence and manage safety, and what opportunities exist for HCI to support the safety needs of this community. We conducted nine interviews to understand how participants practice safety and what role technology played, if any, in these experiences. Interviewees expressed physical and psychological safety concerns, and managed safety by informing friends of their location using digital technologies, making compromises, and avoiding law enforcement. We designed U-Signal, a wearable technology and accompanying smartphone application prototype to increase physical safety and decrease safety concerns, reduce violence, and help build community.


For several years, notably since Japan's NEC Earth Simulator earned the top spot on the list of the world's fastest computers, the US-based high-performance computing community has warned that the federal government's lagging interest and investment could cause serious long-term consequences for both the public and private sectors in the US. Apparently, those warnings haven't gone entirely unheeded. In November 2004, US-based supercomputing received both psychological and financial reinforcement. IBM's Blue Gene/L wrested the top spot on the global Top 500 supercomputer list (www.top500.org) from NEC with a performance rate of 70 teraflops per second. A second US-based computer, a cluster built by SGI and owned by NASA, took the second-place spot with 51 teraflops. In addition, federal officials demonstrated a willingness to invest across the range of high-performance architectures, from cluster interconnect technology to top-end shared-memory computers.


A spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance study is performed in epitaxial $\mathrm{Fe / Ir_{15}Mn_{85}}$ bilayers with different Fe thicknesses. We measure a negative spin-Hall angle of a few percent in the antiferromagnetic IrMn in contrast to previously reported positive values. A large spin-orbit field with Rashba symmetry opposing the Oersted field is also present. Magnitudes of measured spin-orbit torques depend on the crystallographic direction of current and are correlated with the exchange bias direction set during growth. We suggest that the uncompensated moments at the Fe / IrMn interface are responsible for the observed anisotropy. Our findings highlight the importance of crystalline and magnetic structures for the spin-Hall effect in antiferromagnets.


The paper is a continuation of [7]. One of the main results is as follows: if the sequence ( w, v, u ) is asymptotically stationary in some sense then ( l , w, v, u ) is asymptotically stationary in the same sense. The other main result deals with an asymptotic behaviour of the vector of the queue size and the waiting time in the heavy-traffic situation. This result resembles a formula of the Little type.


In this paper, we identify the constraints under which the generally ill-posed problem of simultaneous recovery of surface shape and its photometric invariants can be rendered tractable. We examine the cases where a single or more images are acquired using different lighting directions with known illuminant power. Given these conditions, we state the constraints upon which the recovery of the surface geometry and its photometric parameters can be estimated. With these constraints, we then show how the recovery process may be formulated as an optimisation algorithm which aims to fit the reflectance models under study to the image reflectance. The approach presented here is general and can be applied to a family of reflectance models that are based on the Fresnel reflection theory. Thus, we provide a theoretical and computational background for recovering shape, material index of refraction and microscopic roughness from multi-spectral images.


Adiabatic corrections to the potential curves for the 2pπu and 3dσg states of H+2 are reported. The effects of these corrections in altering spectroscopic propterties of H+2 are described in some detail; likely consequences are indicated in two astrophysical applications.


To study the aerodynamic characteristics of the convex structure of a surface-monitoring device on a high-speed train and to evaluate its impact on the aerodynamic performance of the high-speed train, numerical simulation research was conducted on three different layouts of the monitoring device. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used for the simulation study, and the unsteady compressible NS equation was used as the control equation. Hexagonal grid technology was used to reduce the demand for the grid quantity. The rationality of the grid size and layout was verified through grid independence research. To increase the accuracy of the numerical simulation, the γ-Reθ transition model and improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) method were coupled for the simulation research. The aerodynamic characteristics of the different operation directions and configurations were compared and analyzed. The research results showed that the windward side of the single pantograph detection device experienced positive pressure, and the sideline and leeward sides experienced negative pressure. Increasing the fillet radius of the sideline could appropriately reduce the aerodynamic resistance. When the speed was about 110 m/s, the drag force coefficient of the detection device was 210~410 N, and the lateral force was small, which means that it had little impact on the overall aerodynamic force of the train. According to the results of the unsteady analysis of the layout with a large space, the resistance during forward travel was greater than that during negative travel. The streamlined upwind surface was conducive to reducing the scope of the leeward separation zone and the amplitude of the pressure fluctuation in the leeward zone, and it thus reduced the resistance. For the running trains, a vortex was formed on their leeward surface. The pressure monitoring results showed that the separated airflow had no dominant frequency or energy peak. The possibility of the following train top and other components experiencing resonance damage is low.


To examine the contributions of different types of aromatics, the volume swell of nitrile rubber O-rings was determined in aromatic-free synthetic JP-5 fuel and in synthetic JP-5 fuel blended with selected aromatics. Additionally, partition coefficients between the O-ring and fuel phases were measured for the fuel and aromatic species. Volume swell was measured using an in situ optical dilatometry technique that provided temporal data, while partition coefficients were measured using direct thermal desorption GC−MS analysis of swollen O-ring samples. For the hydrocarbons studied, the data indicate a correlation between partition coefficient and volume swell. The propensity to swell nitrile rubber was found to increase with the polarity and hydrogen-bonding character of the aromatics, suggesting that swelling of nitrile rubber requires disrupting the attractive forces between cyano groups on adjacent polymer chains and replacing them with cyano group−aromatic interactions. Volume swell was also found to de...


The problem of origins of morality is an important question in evolutionary psychology and cognitive science. Unlike religious systems, which mostly ascribe moral norms to a supernatural being, authors affiliated with evolutionary psychology view morality as a biological adaptation that developed by natural selection. The disagreement presents one of the stumbling points in the sharp conflict of creationists and evolutionists. The present paper calls upon the theoretical and empirical systems of modern cognitive science in order to suggest a way to reduce the split between the two. The thesis is based on three premises: (1) The position of evolutionists supporting a biological basis of simple moral behavior is endorsed, followed by examples of modern research of empathy on the neurophysiological (mirror neurons, V. Ramachandran) and biochemical levels (oxytocin, P. Churchland). (2) Memetic evolution (D. Dennett) and double-scope blending (G. Fauconnier & M. Turner) are evoked as mechanisms that enabled the rapid development of cognitive capacities in the period of about 50,000 years B.C., which may have included the sudden expansion of norms, such as those found in the morality of the Old Testament. (3) Additional double-scope blending is postulated for the period around Anno Domini, which resulted in the development of New Testament morality, proposing that the individual undertake uncompromising struggle with evil in himself, based on love. A possible error of creationists may be found in the frequent disregard of the first two theses, in spite of currently quite convincing empirical evidence (thesis one) and coherent theoretical systems (thesis two). While their methodology does not seem to be able to explain the phenomenon of primum movens, on multiple levels, evolutionists could also be wrong in fully ignoring the third thesis, perhaps because it is not directly related to evolutionary adaptation. For this reason, their criticism often fails to hit the target because they seek the foundations of faith in the literal reading of dogmatic texts (the well known problem of the seven day origin of the world) rather than in man's eternal need for self-perfection. Even if they cannot agree on the ontological question of the existence of God, representatives of both schools may benefit from the appreciation of these advantages and drawbacks of their respective systems. The author holds the opinion that, taken together, the three proposed theses may have scientific grounds, and still remain compliant with the Christian worldview.


The interdependence between light and temperature was studied in batches and in non nutrient-limited conditions for single strain, non axenic cultures of four species : Fragilaria croionensis, Anabaena macrospora, Staurasirum pingue and Coelaslrum cambricum. The maximum growth rates were found to be 0.57. 0.63, 0.77 and 1.4 day', respectively at temperatures of 25, 25, 27 and 35° C and light intensities of 150, 170, 270 and 290 ^E.m 2.s-i. Results were obtained over a temperature range of 10 to 35° C and light intensities between 5 and 800 ^E.m-2.s' under a 15/9 photoperiod and were adjusted by a model.


Abstract: Marked seasonal variations were observed in the mean nuclear diameter (M.N.D) of interrenal tissues in different months of the year. There is a gradual increase in ovary size from Dec (0.289 Gm) to the maximum value in June (4.55Gm) in spawning season followed by gradual decline to reach the minimum value in Dec/Jan again. The MND of that period also show variation from minimum (3.263.31 μm) in Dec/ Jan to maximum (4.31 ± 0.302) μm in June.


In this paper a framework is presented for monitoring shape changes on the human body with applications to obesity control. This framework uses a low-cost infrared depth camera in order to capture the 3D shape of the human body and approximate it as a set of spherical functions.


Study Design: A retrospective study. Objectives: To evaluate the availability of anterior cervical plating in the treatment of distractive flexion injury of the lower cervical spine and the relationship between the neurologic findings, types of dislocation, and disc herniation. Summary of Literature Review: Anterior stabilization of unstable cervical spine injuries is increasing. However, the stability of anterior stabilization only is controversial for the treatment of bilateral dislocation of the cervical spine. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 32 patients treated with anterior decompression, auto-iliac bone graft, and anterior cervical plating, who suffered from distractive flexion injury in the lower cervical spine from Feb. 1999 to Feb. 2006. Unilateral dislocation occurred in 21 cases, bilateral dislocation in 11 cases, with evaluation of disc status at the injured level conducted after closed reduction by MRI. We statistically analyzed changes in vertebral body height, disc angle, fusion rate, neurologic recovery, and complications. Results: All cases were fused by 12.3±2.7 weeks after operation, and the loss of anterior and posterior vertebral body height were statistically significant (p=0.00, 0.00), changes in the disc angle were not (p=0.53). Herniation of the disc was more frequent in unilateral dislocation (p=0.02). Clinically 21 (65%) patients had neurologic deficits, but nerve root injuries recovered in all cases, with the original average ASIA motor score of 55.2 improving to 68.3 at last follow up. Conclusions: Anterior decompression, bone grafting, and metallic osteosynthesis were effective treatment modalities for distractive-flexion injuries of the lower cervical spine, causing slight vertebral body height decreases but no loss of reduction or neurologic compromise.


This paper discusses recent progress toward the development of an electronics measurement capability with picosecond time resolution using picosecond optical pulses. Devices utilizing the transient photoconductivity produced by the absorption of picosecond optical pulses in high speed semiconductor circuits have been demonstrated which are capable of performing elementary electronic operations such as switching, gating, sampling, pulse generation, etc. Applications to electro-optic gating, high speed electronic sampling, and measurement of semiconductor relaxation and transport phenomena will also be discussed.


A new interest in the era of the emergence of the German Empire is growing in Russian historiography. In this context, it is once again relevant to look at alternatives to the victorious Lesser German path of 1848–1866, above all at the Greater German Idea. The author attempts to outline some aspects of this historical phenomenon in the works of Russian and German scholars of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, analysing the period of 1848–1866 from a predominantly Lesser German perspective: the history of Prussia, its conflict with Austria and the politics of Otto von Bismarck came to the fore. Highlighting the ambiguity of the term "Greater German" as well as the dual discrediting of the idea of the Greater German idea (first following Austria's defeat in the nineteenth century and then under the influence of the aggressive ideology of the Third Reich in the twentieth century), the author offers a new approach to the established understanding of the Greater German Path in Russian historical scholarship. In particular, he suggests that attention should be paid to the new wave of interest in the federalist aspect of the Greater German idea, which manifested itself in the policies of the "Third Germany" states, as well as to the legitimate and evolutionary nature of the Greater German path, which envisaged German unification as a progressive development of the German Confederation instead of the Bismarckian unification by "iron and blood". By looking directly at the German research experience, the author aims to demonstrate the significance of the 1848–1866 Greater German Idea for modern scholarship as a foundation for the study of national and supranational federal state models.


Recently two cases of atypical melanoma-in-situ have been treated. The role of assessing this lesion, its clinical presentation, and margins of resection is reviewed. Early diagnosis and biopsy are essential.


Using interferon alpha-2b systemically for the treatment of refractory uveitic cystoid macular edema may be helpful in carefully selected patients.


ALLEN, GLEN SCOTT. Master Mechanics and Wicked Wizards: Images of the American Scientist as Hero and Villain from Colonial Times to the Present. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2009. 304 pp. $29.95 paper. ANDERSON, TAMMY L. Rave Culture: The Alteration and Decline of Philadephia Music Scene. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2009. 231 pp. $25.95 paper. ARNO, ANDREW. Alarming Reports: Communicating Conflict in the Daily News. New York, NY: Berghahn Books, 2009. 208 pp. $75.00 cloth. ATTRIDGE, HAROLD W., ed. The Religion and Science Debate: Why Does it Continue? New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009. 221 pp. $16.00 paper. BEDER, SHARON. The Little Kiddy Went to Market: The Corporate Capture of Childhood. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2009. 307 pp. $26.95 paper. BERGER, CHARLES R., MICHAEL E. ROLOFF AND DAVID R. ROSKOS-EWOLDSEN, eds. The Handbook of Communication Science. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2009. 583 pp. $125.00 cloth. BLAKE, CECIL. The African Origins of Rhetoric. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009. 140 pp. $95.00 cloth. DEAN, TIM. Unlimited Intimacy: Reflections on the Subculture of Barebacking. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2009. 237 pp. $20.00 paper. ELWIN, VERRIER. The Oxford India Elwin. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2009. 351 pp. $75.00 cloth. GRAFTON, ANTHONY. Worlds Made by Words: Scholarship and Community in the Modern West. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009. 422 pp. $29.95 cloth. HILLIS, KEN. Online a Lot of the Time: Ritual, Fetish, Sign. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2009. 316 pp. $23.95 paper. KAUR, RAMINDER AND WILLIAM MAZZARELLA, eds. Censorship in South Asia: Cultural Regulation from Sedition to Seduction. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2009. 243 pp. $24.95 paper. KENDALL, GAVIN, IAN WOODWARD AND ZLATKO SKRBIS. The Sociology of Cosmopolitanism: Globalization, Identity, Culture and Government. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2009. 177 pp. $85.00 cloth. LOPES, PAUL. Demanding Respect: The Evolution of the American Comic Book. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2009. 232 pp. $27.95 paper. MALABY, THOMAS M. Making Virtual Worlds: Linden Lab and Second Life. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009. 165 pp. $24.95 cloth. MANGUEL, ALBERTO. The Library at Night. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008. 381 pp. $17.00 paper. MARCHI, REGINA M. Day of the Dead in the USA: The Migration and Transformation of a Cultural Phenomenon. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2009. 192 pp. $23.95 paper. MARKS, JONATHAN. Why I am not a Scientist: Anthropology and Modern Knowledge. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2009. 325 pp. $22.95 paper. MAYER, VICKI, MIRANDA J. BANKS AND JOHN THORTON CALDWELL, eds. Production Studies: Cultural Studies of Media Industries. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009. 255 pp. $39.95 paper. PAPA, LEE, ed. Staged Action: Six Plays from the American Workers' Theatre. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009. 289 pp. $21.95 paper. PLATE, LIEDEKE AND ANNEKE SMELIK, eds. Technologies of Memory in the Arts. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2009. 241 pp. $75.00 cloth. REITZ, JEFFREY G., RAYMOND BRETON, KAREN KISIEL DION AND KENNETH L. DION. Multiculturalism and Social Cohesion. New York, NY: Springer, 2009. 194 pp. $139.00 cloth. SAMUEL, LAWRENCE R. Future: A Recent History. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2009. 244 pp. $45.00 cloth. STROMBERG, PETER G. Caught in Play: How Entertainment Works on You. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009. 218 pp. $22.95 paper. TURKLE, SHERRY. Simulation and its Discontents. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2009. 217 pp. $22.00 cloth.


In the present paper we investigate the following semilinear singular elliptic problem: \begin{equation*} (\rm P)\qquad \left \{\begin{array}{l} -\Delta u = \dfrac{p(x)}{u^{\alpha}}\quad \text{in} \Omega \\ u = 0\ \text{on} \Omega,\ u>0 \text{on} \Omega, \end{array} \right . \end{equation*} where $\Omega$ is a regular bounded domain of $\mathbb R^{N}$, $\alpha\in\mathbb R$, $p\in C(\Omega)$ which behaves as $d(x)^{-\beta}$ as $x\to\partial\Omega$ with $d$ the distance function up to the boundary and $0\leq \beta 1$.


Abstract The aim of this article is to explore the policies and strategies used by a multinational company (Unilever plc) to advertise one of its star products (Cornetto ice cream) in various cultural settings, namely Europe, Asia and South America. Given that eating habits vary from country to country, the advertising and success of a food product such as ice cream will be subject to both cultural and socio-economic constraints, hence the need to take into account the cultural specificity of each context when designing a marketing strategy. Kress and van Leeuwen's model of visual design (1996/2001) is applied to the analysis of a corpus provided by Unilever, which comprises all available Cornetto ads since the product's very first appearance on the market. The main objective is to explore how the same brand and product have been adapted to suit the domestic needs of each context, or rather, how a balance has been achieved between specific local needs and the company's global aspirations. This paper focuses on the role played by culture and ideology in the elaboration of these adverts, taking into account not only discourse features, but also visual elements and semiotic functions.


&dquo;the totality of oppressions&dquo; (p. ix) including race, sex, and class. This book is the second in the political controversies series and highlights the lead article by Heidi Hartmann, &dquo;The Unhappy Marriage of Marxism and Feminism: Towards a More Progressive Union,&dquo; an earlier version of which appeared on the pages of Capital and Class. The other essays in the volume take account of the ideas presented by Hartmann to provide an intellectual forum for the controversy surrounding the interrelationship of gender and class. The authors include journalists, academics, reseachers and political activists. Critical of the economism of Marxism, Hartmann compares the unequal relationship of Marxism and feminism to English common law marriage in which feminism is subsumed in the struggle against capital. &dquo;Either we need a healthier marriage or we need a divorce&dquo; (p. 2) declares Hartmann. She claims that the categories of Marxism are &dquo;sex blind&dquo; (p. 2) since they fail to explain how and why it is that women


To study the effectiveness of classification algorithms in cigarette sensory quality evaluation, chemical components such as total sugar, protein, potassium, etc. are taken as condition attributes, and ID3, C4.5, rough set, BP neural network, support vector machine, and k-nearest-neighbor are adopted to predict cigarette sensory quality index, such as luster, aroma, harmony, offensive odor, irritation and aftertaste. The experimental results show that harmony reaches the best classification accuracy with about 95%, and the effectiveness of luster and offensive odor are slightly below the harmony with 85%-90% by SVM and KNN, while aroma has the worst result. In addition, offensive odor and aftertaste are fairly accurate with about 70%. As a whole, SVM and KNN have the better performance in the prediction of cigarette sensory quality than the other classification algorithms.


In the case of korea, it was enforced the performance based design in 2011 for fire safety to the construction that is hard to safety secure by code based design. However as a result of domestic performance design case analysis, as it conducts that the standard is insufficient, most of cases show that they use the method of adding facilities by strengthening legal standards. Therefore on this study, it conducts the analysis of Performance based design seminar data that it was done by SFPE and each countries Performance based design guidelines. Also based on this, it will use the basic data for developing the domestic performance based design guideline.


The invention relates to a coating-machine online pole plate thickness measurement device and a thickness measurement adjustment method so that defects, which exit in the prior art, that rejection rate is comparatively high when disqualification happens because detection is not real-time. The device includes laser thickness measurement sensors and a controller connected with the laser thickness measurement sensors. The laser thickness measurement sensors include upper laser thickness measurement sensors and lower laser thickness measurement sensors, which are arranged at the upper and lower sides of a pole-plate conveyor belt. A thickness measurement control chip is arranged in the controller. The thickness measurement control chip controls the laser thickness measurement sensors to measure thickness and record thickness measurement data. Through the laser thickness measurement sensors and then via the thickness measurement control chip, the coating thickness of the pole plate can be detected without destroying the coating so that the quality of the coating is not affected; and after the detection, the detected coating thickness is displayed on an on-site display screen through operation via the controller and whether the coating machine is in a normal work state is judged according to the displayed data and if not so, corresponding reactions, such as adjustment of the position of the coating machine or shutting down need to be made.


(*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (57) ABSTRACT patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. A dimensionally Stable, highly resilient, hybrid copolymer solid-solution electrolyte-retention film for use in a lithium ion battery in one preferred embodiment has a predomi (21) Appl. No.: 09/340,944 nantly amorphous Structure and mechanical Strength despite (22) Filed: Jun. 28, 1999 contact with liquid solvent electrolyte. The film is a thinned (stretched), cast film of a homogeneous blend of two or more polymers, one of which is Selected for its pronounced ... 429/306; 429/309; 429/303; Solvent retention properties. A very high Surface area inor 429/310; 429/314; 429/316 ganic filler dispersed in the blend during formation thereof (58) Field of Search ................................. 429/306, 309, Serves to increase the porosity of the film and thereby 429/300, 303, 314, 316, 310 enhance electrolyte retention. The film is Soaked in a Solu tion of liquid polymer with liquid organic Solvent electrolyte (51) Int. Cl." ................................................. HO1M 6/18 (52) U.S. Cl. ...


The problem of who pays for the unexpected in construction is discussed in relation to the testing and inspection of construction materials. Laboratory is often blamed for poor construction materials because it is the first to report bad news. Everyone pays and the lab's loss is double. The simple answer is continuing monitoring of materials at the plant, especially cement entering the truck, close monitoring of materials at the site. The application of this solution, however, is very difficult.


The qualitative analysis of 17 active ingredients unregistered was established.The retention time in GC and GC-MS was obtained in the test.The main factor of influence on peak resolution and to decrease the effect through GC-MS SIM mode was discussed.


Without a doubt, power l ine noise is the single most frequent source of interference reported to the A R R L Lab. Typically it is caased by arcing on power lines and utility-related hardware. The F C C rules regarding power line noise are clear. Power lines and related hardware are classified as incidental radiators under Part 15. These are the F C C rules that pertain to unlicensed .sources of R F . In a nutshell, these rules prohibit power lines and related hardware ("rom causing harmful interference to licensed radio services, including Amateur Radio. I f and when interference occurs fiom an incidental radiator, and in fact most Part 15 devices, the rules place the burden on the operator of the offending device to correct it. In the case of power line noise, this is most likely your local utility.


Dielectric resonator antennas are usually utilized to radiate communication signal into air at microwave domains. In this paper, we bring the concept of rectangular dielectric resonator into photonic crystal array to propose a novel scheme of one-direction semi-enclosed meta-resonator for light redirection and splitting. According to the principle of scale invariance of photonic crystal, this scheme can be achieved from microwave to optical regimes. By exploiting the intimate relationship between electric-field oscillation and resonator characteristics, we investigate the radiation properties of this meta-resonator and find that pure standing wave resonance can be excited along one-direction with stretched wavelength based on the small effective index of neff ≪ 1, simultaneously, energy of electric-field oscillation fixed in incident direction can be radiated into air with a high efficiency and perfect self-collimation. Zero phase delay can be achieved at the fundamental resonance mode, instead of zero-index material. For the high-order resonant modes, symmetric multibeam-splitting with constant 0 or π phase shift can be realized. Numerical simulations and experiments significantly coincide with the theoretical predictions. We believe that this strategy may offer fantastic possibilities to the development of integrated photonics.


This paper presents a new pedagogical experiment based on skills in computer design courses. The evaluation of competencies isprincipally carried out during design projects that involve new products issued according to client need. The 11 students areintroduced to CAD software through a theoretical course that gives them the requisite background and appropriate tools. Theevaluation is essentially conducted during the design process, which includes the use of the CAD software package and integratesproject management procedures to increase the engineering students' performance. Considering the project's complexity and theshort time period the achieved results are very promising and demonstrate high deliverable quality. These results promise anexcellent potential to be reused to enhance the teaching level during future years.


In this paper, as an application in scientific research in spectral analysis of light, the celestial tracking software is proposed, designed, implemented and fully tested. As a development model, the process focuses on the reusability by using component approach. The testing case design deals with both cases of input parameters with constraint relations and without functional dependency. Our method of using function relations in the input domain partition provides a general idea that can be reused in testing case design.


This paper explores the setting up of the partnership across the Mauritian and South African higher education contexts with respect to the development of a postgraduate PhD doctoral studies programme. The Mauritian Institute of Education (MIE) aims to develop staffing capacities through engagement with doctoral studies, especially in the context of limited experience in doctoral supervision. The South African model of doctoral cohort supervision at The University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) School of Education is a recent alternative model of delivery in the building of these student and staff capacities through shared ownership of the process and products of doctoral education and development. This paper highlights the expectations, constraints and enabling features of the setting up of the UKZN-MIE PhD programme across international boundaries, driven by mutual reciprocity through valuing of indigenous local knowledges, a non-colonising engagement and innovative methodologies for postgraduate education. Adapting the UKZN cohort model for the international context is the subject of this paper. The paper draws on the experiences of the designers and deliverers as well as users of this programme. The paper explores what drives this form of international collaboration for both contracting partners in the context of shifting conceptions of a teacher education institution.


The coronavirus epidemic, which was first perceived in China, has infected people in 185 countries across the world. Outbreak of corona virus caused various restrictions on exports which were imposed by 95 countries. The main aim of this study is to find out the effect of COVID-19 on international trade in SAARC economies with prime focus on Afghanistan. As the world merchandise trade volume decreased by 1.2% in the fourth quarter of 2020. The export growth was -1.0% in case of North America and for Asia was -2.2%. The forecasted GDP growth rate for 2020 is -4.5% and 3.0% for 2021. The World Bank recently warned that South Asia faces its worst economic performance in 40 years due to the coronavirus pandemic. Afghanistan's economy has been badly affected by the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus, owing to negative impacts on consumption, exports, and remittances. The economy is expected to contract by up to four percent in 2020. The products with greatest export potential from Afghanistan to World are Lac; natural gums (excl gum arabic), resins, balsams, etc., Figs, fresh or dried, and Grapes, dried. Figs, fresh or dried shows the largest absolute difference between potential and actual exports in value terms, leaving room to realize additional exports worth $123.6 mn.


© 1997 Blackwell Science Ltd 25 Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) was discovered in the vitreous humour and characterized as a polysaccharide as long ago as 1934 [1]. Twenty years later its exact chemical structure was determined [2]. In endocrinology, hyaluronan attracted early attention for its excessive accumulation in the skin, joints and serous cavities in myxoedema; for its seemingly paradoxical abundance in malignant exophthalmos and pretibial myxoedema, with little direct relation to the level of thyroid function; and for its response to hormones in the sexual skin of animals. Indeed, research in these fields has made numerous fundamental contributions to the subject including the discovery that hyaluronan synthesis is promoted by long-acting thyroid stimulator. (For reference to this work the readers are referred to a recent review [3].) Although research on endocrine aspects of hyaluronan metabolism continues we have chosen to focus the Minisymposium on fields where the study of hyaluronan has been relatively neglected in the past but is now beginning to influence clinical practice, especially as an index of disease activity and response to treatment; and secondly, on certain aspects of the biology of hyaluronan that are pertinent to current studies of its role in the course and causation of disease. Forty years after its discovery hyaluronan was used as a therapeutic agent in veterinary medicine [4] and 10 years later it was an established aid in cataract surgery [5] and a commercial success. Now, more than 60 years after the paper of Meyer & Palmer [1], hyaluronan is also commonly used for intra-articular injections in osteoarthritis in humans [6]. Furthermore, hyaluronan can be analysed in nanogram quantities in blood and other body fluids and these analyses have turned out to be of diagnostic value in various disorders, for example in liver disease [7]. It has also been demonstrated that hyaluronan accumulates in inflammatory sites (e.g. rheumatic joints, pulmonary disorders, myocardial infarction and rejected organ transplants) which may impair the normal functions of the organs (see Gerdin & Hällgren (pp. 49–55)) in this Minisymposium). It should be added that hyaluronan is being applied to numerous other tasks, for example as a drug carrier, as a tissue replacement, to prevent adhesions after abdominal surgery, to prevent restenosis after vascular surgery, in cancer treatment, etc. Even if only few of these applications should turn out to be of permanent value, hyaluronan has already established itself as a clinically interesting compound which justifies a Minisymposium in the Journal of Internal Medicine. The contributors to this symposium review recent developments in the biochemistry of hyaluronan (Fraser et al.) and discuss its important role in embryonal development (Toole) and the general background for a role in malignancies (Delpech et al.). These three papers are followed by five articles by clinical experts who discuss hyaluronan in connective tissue activation (Gerdin & Hällgren), joint disorders (Engström-Laurent), skin disorders (Juhlin), liver disorders (Lindqvist) and sepsis (Berg). As the symposium is directed towards readers of Internal Medicine, surgical aspects of hyaluronan, for example in ophthalmology and orthopaedic surgery, have been excluded. It is our hope that this Minisymposium will further the knowledge of hyaluronan in the clinical community.


The utility model discloses an automatic convey-out device of a veneer production line of a rotary cutter. The automatic convey-out device of the veneer production line of the rotary cutter is provided with a conveying frame and is characterized in that an air cylinder positioning frame is arranged between top frame bodies of an classifying frame, a conveying motor is arranged outside the classifying frame, an oscillating frame is arranged below the classifying frame, a supporting frame is arranged between supporting columns of the classifying frame, an optoelectric switch is arranged on each supporting column, oscillating air cylinders are arranged on the lower portions of the two ends of an air cylinder base, the upper ends of the oscillating air cylinders are connected with the air cylinder positioning frame, the lower ends of the oscillating air cylinders are hinged to an oscillating frame, the supporting frame corresponds to the conveying frame, a rotary shaft is arranged above the supporting frame, the two ends of the rotary shaft are fixedly connected with the supporting frame, driving belt pulleys are arranged on the rotary shaft at intervals, the rotary shaft is driven by the conveying motor, one end of the oscillating frame is connected with the rotary shaft through a support, belt pulleys are arranged at the other end of the oscillating frame at intervals, a classification conveying belt winds through one end of the oscillating frame and is connected with the driving belt pulleys, and the other end of the classification conveying belt is connected with the belt pulleys. The automatic convey-out device of the veneer production line of the rotary cutter has the advantages of being novel in structure, high in automation degree, percent of pass of veneers and working efficiency, capable of saving time and labor and the like.


Abstract An efficient synthetic route to highly substituted pyrrolidone derivatives has been developed from an easily available alkynyl carboxamide and 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (PTSA). In the reaction, PTSA is not only used as acid catalyst but also as a reactant to provide a source for OTs group. A mechanism is proposed to involve the protonation of the alcohol substrate/cyclopropylcarbinol-homoallylic rearrangement/intramolecular N-nucleophilic cyclization reactions.


Microstructure, hardness and wear characteristics of alloy composites fabricated by the method of rheo-compocasting and hot pressing are investigated in this study. The dispersion of SiC particles in the composites is homogeneous and the hardness improves as additional amount increases. The wear amount of the matrix metal increases highly as wear rates increase, for the wear mechanism changes from adhesive wear to melt wear, and the matrix metal was coated on the surface of revolving disc and its weight increases. In the 5vol% composites, Fe is adhered on the surface of specimen by the projection of the dispersed hard SiC particles which have net-work structure and the coating layer is about . But in the composite more than 20vol%, the wear amount of composite decreases because the SiC particles which have superior hardness, wear resistance and heat resistance properties resist wear, the abrasive wear turn out predominant wear mechanism and so the wear amount of revolving disc increases.


A safety reliability analysis method for welded box girder structure is proposed based on probability damage tolerance analysis and the reliability theory.The interference model of a-a c and the expression of structural fatigue analysis are also given.Dynamic reliability curves could be gained under the condition that the parameters concerning the fatigue limit are given,which make it easy to choose the design parameters according to reliability requirement in design of welded box girder structure as well as to inspect and maintain the structure periodically.


Degradation of industrial machinery through wear can be mitigated with the deposition of protective coatings to reduce maintenance costs and prolong their service lifespans. Electroless nickel-based composite coatings is one possible method used to provide this protection. The addition of Tribaloy (CoMoCrSi alloy) particles has been found to produce composite coatings with high toughness. In this work, electroless Ni-P-Tribaloy composite coatings were plated on AISI 1018 steel substrates and subjected to low-stress abrasion tests following ASTM G65 standards to investigate the abrasion of the coating. The test was performed at 10 revolution increments, with a 45 N applied load, until coating failure was observed and the measured abrasion was reported as volume loss. The two Ni-P-Tribaloy coating samples lasted for 90 and 100 revolutions, exhibiting a wear rate of 0.170 mm3 per revolution, compared to 0.135 mm3 per revolution for the Ni-P coatings. The abrasive wear mechanism in the Ni-P-Tribaloy coating was found to be plowing of the matrix around the Tribaloy particles, followed by the removal of the particles once they are protruding, which subsequently contributes to the three-body wear of the coating. The particle removal was accelerated at the coating particle-matrix interface. It is concluded that the size of the Tribaloy is a major factor, and we recommend that further studies be carried out using finer particles to improve the wear resistance of the Ni-P-Tribaloy coating.


We present an application-oriented taxonomy of mobile code. We use a novel approach to managing telecommunication networks as a vehicle for describing the concepts through demonstrating the use of several types of mobile code in innovative network and system management applications. To make a clear distinction between the types of mobile code, we use a terminology that follows the Java conventions originated with the term applet. Therefore, in our jargon, we have servlets, exflets, deglets and netlets. We point to a piglet as a type of mobile code that constitutes a security risk to the network. We deliberately avoided the term agent in our taxonomy. In this paper, this term is used to refer to a general concept of code autonomy. Our approach to managing networks addresses the issues in traditional client/server, or in this context manager/agent, network management systems like the amount of data that needs to be transmitted, problems inherent to heterogeneous environment, like interoperability issues, problems with maintainability of the software, etc. With the techniques based on mobile code, we can harness many interoperability issues and work toward plug-and-play networks (PnPnets) by applying mobile agents that can take care of many aspects of configuring and maintaining networks in an autonomous way.


This thesis entitled "Design and construction of portable plastic pipe welding machine through the friction method" was held in the fifth year of study. The purpose of this thesis is the study of various methods for plastic pipe welding and construction of portable welding machine for welding plastic pipes, which will have the ability to be easily transferred to areas where there may be leakage or damage to piping systems in order to easy, quickly and inexpensively repair the damage.
The machine should be constructed in such a way that will be operated only by one person. They will be some pipe weldings and samples will undergo a stress test in order to asses their pressure resistance and compare them with the construction of pipe resistance value. Another aim of this study is to examine the factors which affect the quality of the welds.
Finally, ways of improving the machine and the whole process will be suggested, so as to achieve better quality of welding.


Discharge of untreated wastewater leads to unnaturally high levels of nitrogen and
phosphorus in rivers, lakes and the sea, which results in unbalanced ecosystems with
eutrophication and lack of oxygen. Part of the phosphorus in surface waters is coming from
on-site wastewater treatment from scattered households with unsatisfactory purification.

Blast furnace slag is a by-product from iron production, and has in laboratory trials showed good phosphorus binding capacity. To test blast furnace slag as a reactive filter media for phosphorus separation in a full scale experiment, a wastewater treatment plant has been built behind the picnic area at Angersjon alongside the road E4 in central-eastern Sweden. The plant contains two parallel lines, one with blast furnaces slag and the other with Filtralite-P as phosphorus sorbent. Both filters have showed decreasing phosphorus purification effect with time in spite of a low wastewater load. Inhomogenous hydraulic in the phosphorus filters was suspected to result in poorer absorption of phosphorus than expected. This hypothesis was investigated in the present study.

There is no gradient in phosphorus contents between filter material located at the entrance as compared to the outlet in none of the filters. Phosphorus contents decline with height in both filters, indicating that most probably the larger part of the wastewater runs in the lower section of the filter as a result of that both the inlet and the outlet were at the bottom. The phosphorus level of the filter with blast furnace slag decreases more as a function of the distance from the bottom than the filter with Filtralite-P. This may indicate that the waterflow is more uniformly distributed in the filter with Filtralite-P.

The absence of any gradient in phosphorus level between the entrance and the outlet and
continuously increasing phosphorus concentrations in the outlet water indicates that the filter was saturated. Analyses of total phosphorus content in material from the filter with Filtralite-P, done at an external laboratory show higher amounts of phosphorus than my own analyses with another method show. The total phosphorus content indicates that the filter is saturated according to the specifications of the Filtralite-P supplier. Regarding the blast furnace slag, a higher capacity to adsorb phosphorus has been documented in other investigations than the amount adsorbed in the filter at Angersjon.

To optimize the hydraulics in the filters and thereby the phosphorus adsorbing capacity, the inlet or outlet should be placed in the upper horizon of the filter and the water level should be kept as high as possible.


. A mathematical model of environmental fluid is presented to describe fluid flow motions with large density variations. Moreover the associated numerical methods are discussed. The model of environmental fluid is formulated as an unsteady low-Mach number flow based on the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. For low-Mach number flows, the acoustic effects are assumed to be weak relative to the advection effects. Under this assumption, detailed acoustic effects can be removed from governing equations. The low-Mach number formulation thus en-ables numerical flow analysis with a projection methodology that uses high-order accurate upwind difference of the convection terms with a time step restricted solely by an advection Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition. The algorithm presented here is based on an iterative implicit time evolution of second order accuracy and a high-accurate spatial discretization with TVD properties for unsteady low-Mach number flows. It is seen from the results on the verification for test cases of flows with a wide range of density variations that our numerical method is validated.


The medical significance of aj-antitrypsin (a1AT) is emphasized by the well-defined occurrence of an inherited deficiency disease that predisposes affected individuals to liver cirrhosis in childhood and (or) early-onset emphysema in adults. Identification of the a1AT-deficiency variant phenotypes is best demonstrated by isoelectric focusmg the plasma in thin-layer polyacrylamide gels, pH 4-5, the a1AT forming a characteristic pattern of bands (1) used to interpret the phenotypes. In old samples, this interpretation may be confusing because of diffuse bands and high background staining. The sharpness of the a1AT bands can be improved (2) by reducing the protein with dithiothreitol or dithioerythritol (30 mmol/L final concentration). We wish to draw attention to a method of improving a1AT phenotyping by removing haptoglobin, which causes high background staining. On electrofocusing in agarose followed by immunofixation, a1-antichymotrypsin, ceruloplasmin, cholinesterase, and haptoglobin migrate to the a1AT position. Of these proteins, haptoglobin type Hp 1-1 and 1-2, especially in the acute phase, may cause difficulties in interpreting the phenotypes, particularly the PiMZ phenotypes. This interference can be readily removed by treating samples with a solution of hemoglobin, which binds haptoglobin; the resulting complex migrates to the cathode (Figure 1). We routinely pretreat all samples for phenotyping by mixing 20 L of a 100 mmol/L solution of dithiothreitol containing 2 g of hemoglobin per liter with 50 tL of sample and incubating at 4#{176}C for 1 h before applying 20 L of the mixture onto application pieces and thence to the focusing gel.


This paper evaluates the nonlinear static procedures specified in the FEMA-356, ASCE/SEI 41-06, ATC-40, and FEMA-440 documents for seismic analysis and evaluation of building structures using strong-motion records of reinforced concrete buildings. For this purpose, maximum roof displacement predicted from the nonlinear static procedure is compared with the value "derived" directly from recorded motions. It is shown that: (1) the nonlinear static procedures either overestimate or underestimate the peak roof displacement for several of the buildings considered in this investigation; (2) the ASCE/SEI 41-06 Coefficient Method (CM), which is based on recent improvements to the FEMA-356 CM suggested in the FEMA-440 document, does not necessarily provide better estimate of the roof displacement; and (3) the improved FEMA-440 Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) generally provides better estimates of the roof displacement compared to the ATC-40 CSM. However, there is no conclusive evidence of either the CM procedures (FEMA-356 or ASCE/SEI 41-06) or the CSM procedure (ATC-40 or FEMA-440) leading to better estimate of the peak roof displacement when compared with the value derived from recorded motions.


Ethics issues are increasingly important topics of discussion in the medical community, from bedside ethics related to use of technology and end-of-life decision making to a host of problems raised by health care financing and managed care. A number of new texts, manuals, and articles have been published in recent years addressing some of these issues. This book attempts to go beyond the ethical issues that surround caring for individual patients to deal with issues of social justice and resource allocation. The editors are specialists in medical ethics and philosophy. Contributors come from varying backgrounds. Many are physicians, other health professionals, and students. Others are educators, sociologists, and philosophers. The book has four sections. The first, "Medical Ethics in a Political Context," according to the editors' introduction, "not only introduces the idea of African-American perspectives on biomedical ethics, but also shows some of the political underpinnings that have led to


An ink made of alginate and methylcellulose with embedded magnetite microparticles was developed for extrusion printing. Constructs, so-called scaffolds, are colonised with cells which can be activated by mechanical stimulation. In this work, a defined magnetic field gradient is applied to achieve non-contact deformation. However, the deformation behaviour or relevant material parameters of the hybrid material are unknown. While the properties were determined with experiments adapted to hydrogels, a separate experimental set-up for micro-computed tomography, adapting the Maxwell configuration, was developed to investigate the deformation behaviour. These analyses were performed depending on ageing and particle concentration. For these tests, strands were used as bending beams, since these are simple and well known systems. Firstly, a model for the bending curve was erected, which defines a range in which the real bending curve would be expected. It was compared with the measured bending curves. There was very good agreement for the first days. On day 14, the measured bending curves were still within the calculated range, but at the lower limit due to the shortcomings of the model as the violation of the small deformations condition at this point. Secondly, the bending as a function of incubation duration was observed by a series of radiograms when a magnetic field gradient was applied. From this, a functional approach was formulated to describe the system response. Some parameters have already been identified, for others a proposal is given. Thirdly, microscopic analyses were carried out to observe the effects of the field gradient on particle distribution and structure. It was revealed that a homogeneous particle distribution was found even after 2.5 h. Also, in the direction of the field gradient, no chains were formed and no damage of the network could be detected. The obtained results show, that the material is suitable for mechanical stimulation.


The higher quantum efficiency of electron-multiplying CCDs leads to higher performance expectations compared to intensified CCDs, but they appear to perform better only at light levels above those that require cooling or slow scan.


There is provided a communication device capable of transmitting a transfer rate request signal while reducing it and reducing the interference and power consumption when the transfer rate request signal is transmitted substantially without lowering the transmission efficiency in the MIMO communication method. In this device, a modulation encoding unit (125) encodes and modulates transmission data transmitted to a communication partner of the MIMO communication method and the transfer rate request signal in the plurality of transmission antennas. A transmission unit (132) and a transmission antenna (134) transmit a signal from the modulation encoding unit (125). A transmission control unit (120) controls transmission of a signal transmitted from the transmission antenna (134) and transmits a transfer rate request signal of one transmission antenna via the transmission antenna (134) according to a comparison result between a difference of the transfer rate request signal in the respective transmission antenna of the communication partner and a predetermined value.


Background and aim of the work: Foot ulcers are a major problem of diabetes for which conventional treatment modalities alone have had limited success in promoting complete wound closure; however, there are large amounts of evidences that exist for the effectiveness of manuka honey as a wound dressing especially in diabetic foot. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Manuka honey combined with conventional modalities to that of conventional treatment alone in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
Patients and Methods: This was a prospective double-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted at the King Abdul Aziz Specialist Hospital in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Fifty-nine patients, enrolled from January 2011 to January 2013, were randomized to receive conventional treatment plus manukahoney impregnated dressings (honey treatment group) or conventional treatment alone (control group). Outcomes were; time to eradicate infection, length of hospital stay, percentage of completely healed ulcers after six weeks and six months.
Results: The mean time to eradicate infection and the hospital stay were significantly reduced in the honey treatment group compared to control group (51.1% and 53.8% respectively, P<0.05). Percentages of ulcers that were completely healed were significantly greater in the honey group than the control group, at six weeks (61.3% vs. 11.5%; P <0.05) and at six months (87.1% vs. 42.3%; P<0.05). There were less toe amputations in the honey-treated group (9.7% vs. 34.6%; P<0.05).
Conclusion: Combination of conventional treatment with manuka honey impregnated dressings is superior to conventional treatment alone in controlling wound infection, promoting the complete healing of diabetic foot ulcers, and decreasing the rate of minor amputations.


How to solve the slacking internal demand in the current economy has become the topic of heated discussion among experts and scholars,however people ane accustomed to the attention to the level of purchasing power,laying much stress on the analysis of demand and supply,and neglecting the other side of "supply" in the macroeconomic equilibrium.Furthermore once we set forth"Supply creates demand",we cannot help thinking of the falts of Say Theorem,nevertheles Theorem,the actual function of demand management is not quite satisfactory.Therefore we′ll have to change our way of thinking--if we analyse and solve things from the starting point of supply,what a kind of result shall we obtain?\;


A woman flings herself heedlessly through a maze of corridors, stairwells, and parking garages—pursued from one anomic space to another by attackers whose motives she cannot fathom. A prisoner shoots his way across a fractured game-space while neurologically wired to a player commanding his body from elsewhere. These are just two of the many characters that populate the media terrain that Steven Shaviro defines as "post-cinematic." Figures such as these no longer occupy the space of the screen as it was constructed by the codes of classical cinema. In these situations, Shaviro argues, bodies function as conductors for intense affects, generating experiences that work "transpersonally and transversally," and are at once "singu lar and common" (4). Shaviro's primary aim in Post-Cinematic Affect is to put affect theory, which his polemical book The Cinematic Body (1993) helped bring to film studies, in conversation with Marxian analyses of political economy. In that earlier work, Shaviro drew on the work of Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze to offer an alterna tive to psychoanalytic theories of spectatorship structured around lack. He revisited the project in an essay entitled "The Cinematic Body REDUX," concluding that his "grudge match" against Laca nian film theory was the wrong fight to pick given the institutional strength of what he calls "the anti-theory backlash."1


The past year generated significant change and advancement of the urate field with novel insights regarding the role of uric acid (UA) in multiple pathophysiologic processes from gout to COVID-19. While these contributions continue to move the field forward, the basic biochemistry and biology of UA is often overlooked, being lost in the shadow of clinical associations and omics. However, the seminal impact of UA begins with biochemistry and the associated interplay with cell biology. In these basic reactions and resultant impacts on physiology, UA mediates its influence on clinical outcomes. As such, this review focuses on published advances in UA biochemistry and biology in 2022 and associates these advances with downstream consequences.


This paper includes implementation and comparison of different parameter of higher radix booth multiplier. Comparison is made taking both multiplier and multiplicand of 60 bit each and output product of 120 bit using radix2, radix4, radix8, radix16 and radix32.All these multiplier were designed in verilog programming language and synthesized on cadence RTL schematic. Comparison is made between delay, area and power utilization of a higher radix multiplier. A Conventional Booth Multiplier consists of the Booth Encoder, the partial-product tree and carry propagate adder [2, 3]. Different schemes are addressed to improve the area and circuit speed effectively. From the result it is observed that in most of the parameter performance of radix 4 booth multiplier is more efficient than other multiplier.


Here, a minimum power dissipation coil transducer has been designed to allow in-flight noise characterization of a low-frequency magnetic measurement system. The coil was produced using printed circuit board (PCB) technology to provide mechanical stability and easy integration close to the magnetic sensors. The transducer design strategy relies on an inverse boundary element method (IBEM), which has been efficiently adapted to produce optimal multilayer PCB coils subjected to different geometrical and performance constraints. The resulting coil transducer was simulated and experimentally validated under realistic conditions where the payload is magnetically shielded from low-frequency fluctuations by using a three-layer cylindrical mu-metal enclosure. The results show that the specific transducer coil proposed efficiently produces stable magnetic conditions for adequate validation of the magnetic diagnostic system while providing reduced power dissipation and optimal mechanical stability.


Excel is a Microsoft's office automation software module,is uses indata processing electronic forms software,but ADO is the visit andthe operation database method.Regarding visit the Excel document howthrough did a curriculum information management procedure design inDelphi using the ADO module the technical method and the realizationstep has carried on the detailed elaboration.


Vineyards production is often affected by diseases as esca and Petri disease and by excess of salt. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora is one of the pathogenic fungi associated to esca disease, but its interaction with the plant under excess of salt remains unknown. Under controlled in vitro conditions, Vitis vinifera L. plants were exposed to 0, 20 and 100 mM NaCl and inoculated with P. chlamydospora. Both inoculation and salt stress decreased the levels of chlorophylls, which was aggravated when both factors were combined. NaCl 100 mM and, mostly, inoculation, decreased maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv) and Fv/Fm. The activity of α-amylase decreased in plants exposed to 100 mM or inoculated but no synergic effect of these factors was observed; the activity of sucrose synthase was inhibited only by inoculations, whereas invertase was stimulated at 20 mM, but decreased with inoculation. Data support that both excess of salt and fungi inoculation negatively affect photosynthesis and sucrose metabolism, and that they also decrease amylase activity, which may play an important role in the increased levels of starch found in inoculated plants.


AbstractWhile the implementation of convection-allowing models has improved the representation of convective features, a consensus is lacking regarding what horizontal grid spacing most appropriate...


Recent development in deep learning-based recognizers needs a large annotated corpus for creating the model. Manually annotating a large corpus is time-consuming, costly, and tedious. In this work, we propose a framework for automatic annotation at the word level for given handwritten data and corresponding text sequences (or corpora). The proposed framework consists of five modules (i) pre-processing, (ii) word detection, (iii) word recognition, (iv) alignment, and (v) manual correction and verification. The pre-processing module cleans the image and crops the text region from an image. Word detection and recognition modules localize and recognize words. It is necessary to align words in the sequence with the word images during detection and recognition because of errors in writing. The alignment module aligns words in text sequence to the word images. The human annotator will correct the errors in the automatic annotation process and verify the document. Finally, we created an annotated dataset containing word images and their corresponding ground truth transcriptions. In this work, we demonstrate the proposed tool for annotating 14 sets corresponding to 13 Indic languages and English. Each set contains 15000 handwritten document images. On an extensive collection of handwritten document images in 14 languages, 80% of words are correctly annotated by the automatic annotation tool, while the remaining 20% are corrected manually.


In this thesis, we have studied heavy quark hadro- and photoproduction in detail and examined the possibilities of using heavy quark production for the extraction of the polarised parton distribution functions. All calculations are performed at ${\cal{O}}(\alpha_s^3)$ and ${\cal{O}}(\alpha\alpha_s^2)$ accuracy, respectively, and theoretical uncertainties due to the choice of scales $\mu_{f,r}$ and the heavy quark mass $m_Q$ have been discussed in detail.
Based on our theoretical results we have presented detailed phenomenological studies for the existing PHENIX and STAR experiments at BNL-RHIC and the COMPASS experiment at CERN. Predictions have been made for possible future experiments at a low-energy antiproton-proton collider at GSI-FAIR, a proton-proton collider at J-PARC and an upcoming high-energy electron-ion collider (EIC).


Microwave reflectance measurements of minority carrier lifetime and eddy‐current measurements of conductivity are proposed as rapid, contactless electrical characterization methods for the detection and tracking of process‐induced damage in HgCdTe. Changes induced in HgCdTe by ion milling are used to illustrate the utility of the proposed methods.