Measurements of sea surface height made by the radar altimeter aboard the U. S. Navy-'s GEOSAT now cover more than two years , from the beginning of the unclassified data period in November 1986. The 17-day repeat period of the GEOSAT orbit results in a spatial coverage ideal for sea level variability studies of the North East Atlantic and its neighbouring shelf seas. A number of aspects of the data have been studied, including the sea level variability over the whole region and more detailed variations along sub satellite tracks near to the British coast. The Geophysical Data Hecords (GDR) for GEOSAT, supplied by NOAA/John-s Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab., include correction factors for all the geophysical variables which introduce delays or errors into the radar pulse travel time. Predicted sea level variations due to solid earth and ocean tides are also supplied. All these correction factors have been used in this stUdy, except for the ocean tide predictions from the Schwiderski global ocean tide model. These have been replaced by a finer resolution model of the N.E. Atlantic developed by Flather at the Proudnlan Oceanographic Lab.. This ha". signif icant impact on the results for North West European shelf seas. Maps of root mean square sea level variability for the whole region have been produced, using repeat track analysis to remove orbit determination errors. Significant spatially and temporally coherent oceanic features can be seen, despite the smaller amplitude of variations compared to a western boundary current region, for example. Summer and winter varia.bility maps have been produced to investigate seasonal differences. Also the impact of the significant wave height correction and the inverse barometer effect of atmospheric pressure, on such maps have been studied. For individual track investigations, advantage has been taken of the large database of tide gauge measurements available at the Proudman Oceanographic Lab., especially where they lie close to sub-satellite points. For example the tide gauges at Lerwick in the Shetland Isles and at Wick in northern Scotland lie near the same track. This enables comparison of height differences along the satellite track with height differences between the tide gauges. These height differences are shown t,o be highly correlated before the ocean tide signal is removed from each. This indicates that the GEOSAT altimeter is capable of measuring ocean tide


This paper expounds the necessity of streng thening the research of full-innovation education of the staff.The education must transfer from quality education to innovation education and establish a full-innovation education pattern.This paper also puts forward the transfer tactics for this education pattern.


Pumping a 30cm length of photonic crystal fiber with a femtosecond Ti-sapphire laser,the supercontinuum spectrum scource of light in the near infrared region were generated.The wavelength ranges from 465nm to 2500nm,covering a wide band over 2000nm.The mechanism of the supercontinuum origination was studied.


bers were keen to continue as they felt that they had only really begun to 'bed-in' to their role. We were very happy to extend their term for a further year. Now, at the end of their second term of office, we feel we must release the committee from what is a very significant call upon their time. However, contributors as committed, articulate and supportive as our VEC members are clearly an invaluable resource. We are delighted that all four have agreed to join our Editorial Advisory Board in 2008 and we look forward to many more years of collaboration. In the interests of trying something new and involving 'real' committees more in the development of the journal we will now be approaching the case study section of the journal rather differently. Earlier this year we wrote to all the clinical ethics committees registered with the Clinical Ethics Network inviting them to participate in a new venture. We have had a staggering response. Over twenty committees expressed an initial interest in participating and we are now in the process of compiling a bank of cases with which to work. Our intention is for committees to work in pairs, each committee meeting in the presence of Heather Draper to discuss a case prepared by their partner committee. After the meeting, Heather will produce a summary of the discussion and a commentary. We all look forward to this exciting development. Looking at this issue, Laura Williamson's research will no doubt be of interest to those of you serving on, or availing yourselves of, clinical ethics committees in this country. Looking further afield, we are pleased to include the product of collaboration between two academics from different cultural and possibly philosophical backgrounds. Don Hill has worked with Michael Cheng-tek Tai to ensure that some of the questions we readers might ask having read Tai's work on Confucian ethics are posed and answered, thereby adding value to an already interesting exposition of Confucian ethics. As we receive more contributions from outside the UK we would be interested to know what the level of interest is for work that occupies different cultural and political space. Finally, we would like to give special thanks to Anne Slowther. We have always known what a challenge it is to boil complex issues down to a five-minute focus, but the amount of discussion that this month's topic has generated among the editorial committee really brought this fact home to us. As we all know, autonomy is a key concept in clinical ethics but it is also notoriously difficult to define and open to multiple, and sometimes competing, interpretations. We hope you find this issue's FiveMinute Focus a useful route into an intricate subject. E D I T O R I A L


An important challenge in microscopy is the development of high-resolution light microscopy methods to label and image cell populations in three dimensions. The ability to achieve this deep into intact specimens is limited by light scattering. Modern technologies, such as two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy, allow examination of structures at distances of hundreds of micrometers below the surface but are insufficient to image and reconstruct large cell populations that are millimeters in scale and deeper below the surface. Whereas light scattering can be reduced by optical clearing, most of these reagents exhibit limitations such as the quenching of fluorescence. Recently, a clearing agent that spectacularly alleviates these major limitations was developed by Hiroshi Hama, Hiroshi Kurokawa, Hiroyuki Kawano, Ryoko Ando, Tomomi Shimogori, Hisayori Noda, Kiyoko Fukami, Asako Sakaue-Sawano, and Atsushi Miyawaki. They developed a clearing reagent called Scale that renders mouse brains and embryos transparent while completely preserving fluorescent signals from labeled cells!


After the idea of family as a biologically founded natural group, the author insists on the importance of the dimension of security. Family bonds seem to be based on the basis of the satisfaction of this need. In this sense, attachment theory becomes significant. The main points of this theory are outlined, then applied to the study of family systems. Three dimensions emerge and are briefly examined in a development perspective: security's family basis, the family's functionality, and mutual representations (internal models, systemic spirals). Therapies focused on attachment concern especially traumatic situations and crises connected to the phases of the life cycle. An intervention model in three stages is reported. It includes the updating of attachments within the family, the work on the emotions tied to these attachments, work on new representations and thus new relationships, enabled by the emotional mobilization that has taken place in the previous stage.


Illustrating what can be considered as a sociologist's critical reading of journalism, Dominique Schnapper starts with a corpus of articles on the French Social Security system published in six newspapers and periodicals (L'Humanite, Le Figaro, Le Monde, Ouest France and the Parisien Libere) and reflects on what the press might have been and "the role it could have played in public deliberations had journalists not become mere reporters of the immediate by virtue of their training, their ambitions, the pressures brought to bear on them by their editorship and by top executives with a concern for their preconceived image of readership". Journalists do occasionally depart from this role of course, but when they do - which is seldom - they present texts of social philosophy closer to the debates taking place within the public services or the ideas expressed by clubs considering future orientations, than to the thorough analysis which typifies the social sciences.


The invention discloses a method for preparing nano calcium carbonate for weather-resistant ink. The method comprises the following steps of diluting an aged lime emulsion, adding a crystal form control agent into the diluted aged lime emulsion, then conveying slurry into a carbonating reaction kettle, and controlling the temperature of lime mortar to be 15 to 18 DEG C; introducing kiln gas of a lime kiln into the lime mortar, carrying out a carbonating reaction until pH (potential of Hydrogen) is decreased to 7.0, then heating obtained slurry to 30 to 35 DEG C, and repeating the step for 3 to 5 times; afterwards, heating nano calcium carbonate suspending liquid, adding a compound surface treating agent, which is prepared from saturated fatty acid saponified liquid, levopimaric acid and acrylic polyurethane, into the nano calcium carbonate suspending liquid, and agitating an obtained mixture; carrying out pressure filtration, drying and disintegration on obtained calcium carbonate slurry by using conventional methods, so that a product is obtained. The method has a simple and feasible process and is simple to operate; the quality of the product is stable; the application effect is good; not only can the flowability and the glossiness of the ink be effectively improved, but also the yellowing of the nano calcium carbonate can be effectively reduced; the weather resistance of the ink is improved; moreover, the moisture of the product can be effectively maintained; the method has better economic benefit and social benefit.


We study the effects of quantum interference from the spontaneous emission and the incoherent pumping field on the population trapping and the spontaneous emission spectrum. It is shown that in a four-level atomic system with both interferences, the population will be trapped in degenerate two upper levels. We find that the spontaneous emission properties of the atom can be significantly modified by the interference of incoherent pumping field.


We present a continuous liquid level measurement system that based on the fiber sensor and PC technology combination.The light from the source have been transmitted into the liquid surface via the launching fiber,and the reflecting light been received by receiving fiber then transmitted to the fiber amplifier,photoelectric converter will change it to the electrical signal so as to signal processing.By this way the sensitivity can be improved greatly,precision improved from a few millimeters to a few michoms.


In a middle school history class, the students are writing about several pieces of text that include a primary source, a textbook section, and a history magazine article. The writing assignment is to answer an extended response question by synthesizing information and using text evidence from the three sources. The teacher has given the students a set of guidelines that describes the purpose and type of the writing, the suggested length of the piece, and specific requirements such as how many main ideas should be included. The teacher has differentiated the assignment to meet the needs of students with a variety of writing skills. Scaffolds such as a pre-writing template have been provided for students who struggle with planning strategies. The teacher has provided models of good writing samples and has also provided opportunities for students to collaborate at various stages of the writing process. This is a classroom where the teacher is teaching students to write and also using writing to help them learn content. Unfortunately, classrooms like this are rare.


Abstract Giant Arun Field in Aceh Province of North Sumatra, Indonesia is currently producing in excess of 1200 MMSCFD gas. Ultimately, facilities will be expanded to 2400 MMSCFD capacity for gas deliveries to Pertamina's P.T. Arun LNG Plant, gas cycling facilities and field fuel gas systems. Compressor facilities have been installed for injecting gas into the Arun reef in order to increase early condensate and ultimate condensate recovery. Early installation of the compressor facilities during project development allowed commencement of condensate production almost a year in advance of the LNG Plant completion. Compressor facilities consist of three injection plants, each containing 27,950 HP site rated two shaft gas fired turbines driving tandem barrel case centrifugal compressor. Each plant is designed to compress 200 MMSCFD gas from 1100 psig to injection pressure of 7100 psig. High efficiency performance indicates a successful application of centrifugal compressors to meet the requirements of this high pressure gas technology. This paper describes the gas compression facilities and related commissioning, operation and maintenance experience.


Purpose: The purpose of this research is to develop a critical analysis of the value co-creation research focused in online shopping settings, based on the academic marketing literature from 2007 to 2017. The identification of main theories, paradigms and constructs, as well as research cliques, helps in establishing the theoretical framework necessary for a relatively incipient research field such as this.
Design/methodology/approach: The research was carried out in four stages, involving both quantitative - bibliometric and bibliographic - and qualitative content analyses.
Findings: The content analysis identified four main research lines: customers as co-creators within the interaction with companies (collaboration and innovation); customer-employee co-creation issues; customers' interaction with other clients resulting in co-creation, based on recommender systems and eWOM; and, finally, the impacts of social network resources on online shopping behavior. A discerning factor regarding co-creation in online settings is that the advances of technology empowered consumers. Besides, customer co-creation is at the core of online shopping innovations. Understanding the latest advances of value co-creation in online shopping, and what lies ahead of it, is essential for both scholars and marketers in grasping the essentials of the digital commerce structure in the service logic era.
Originality/value: The interactivity provided by the online shopping setting is ideal for value co-creation to flourish. Nevertheless, this is still a new research area, whose studies are scarce. Since understanding the value co-creation process in this dynamic technological landscape is considered one of the top research priorities in services (OSTROM et al., 2015), such a bibliometric study is justified.
Keywords: value co-creation, customer co-creation, online shopping, e-commerce, customer empowerment.


Problems always persist, in spite of the routine nature of the work. At King's College Hospital I deal only with female gonorrhoea, as the syphilis cases are all treated in the skin department. I attend my clinic three sessions of two hours weekly, and have a Nurse in daily attendance for treatment. I have one bed. Women and children with all types of discharges come to me for diagnosis. Some come from the Gyneecological and Ante-Natal Department of the Hospital, others from the Local Borough Clinics and from General Practitioners. A few come up independently. A great many are nonvenereal in origin, e.g., leucorrhoea of pregnancy, chronic non-specific endocervicitis of married women, and the numerous cases of cervicitis and vaginitis of unmarried girls which are without doubt largely venereal in origin in the true meaning of the word, because originating in sexual intercourse under unhygienic conditions but nonvenereal within the meaning of the Act. The problem in dealing with these cases, and especially with the latter class, is this: Am I justified in treating any of them in my clinic, and if I do not treat them, who will ? The patient suffering from endocervicitis can go back to the Gynaecological Department, although she is not welcomed there and is very often inadequately treated. The patient with leucorrhoea of pregnancy badly needs attention in view of the importance of treatment directed towards the elimination of sepsis in labour and of ophthalmia neonatorum of the child. The Ante-Natal Clinics with which I deal give no routine treatment in these cases. The unmarried girl suffering from non-specific trouble can only come to us and form a class of the most intractable type to treat.


The study was aimed at working out and validation of principles of therapy of reactive arthritis associated with chlamidian infection in children. Observation covered 80 patients, among them 30 with acute reactive arthritis, 41 with chronic reactive arthritis and 9 patients with idiopathic spondyloarthritis associated with persistent chlamidian infection. The average age of children was 11 ±0.6 years, the average duration of the disease 3.8 ± 0.41 years. All patients with acute and chronic reactive arthritis were infected with Chlamydia. As a result of the study, it was found that antibiotic monotherapy proved effective only in patients with acute Chlamydia-associated reactive arthritis. With the chronic course of reactive arthritis, related to persistent chlamidian infection, antibiotic monotherapy was effective only in 23% of cases. Non-efficacy of antibiotic monotherapy necessitated administration of combination therapy in 73% of patients, employing an immunomodulator (Taktivin or Likopid) and an antibiotic. The use of Taktivin in combination with antibiotics promotes elimination of Chlamydia and stable control of the articular syndrome in 55% patients, while the use of Likopid in combination with antibiotics leads to stable clinical-laboratory remission in 78% patients with chronic reactive arthritis associated with chlamidian infection. Therefore, the results of the investigation made it possible to formulate and validate principles of therapy of reactive arthrites associated with chlamidian infection in children.


Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) is the most frequent cause of hereditary hemolytic anemia, clinically very heterogeneous. Diagnosis is made by family history, clinical history and presence of spherocytes in peripheral blood smear, but sometimes a combination of additional techniques is used for an adequate diagnosis, such EMA test, osmotic fragility test by flow cytometry (OFT), and recently, next generation sequencing (NGS) is being applied, which consists in the genetic study of the coding region and flanking intronic regions of the genes included in the TROMB1 V2 NGS panel, by the of ultrasequencing techniques. Aims: Aims: Show possible relationship between clinical behavior and NGS study in HS. Methods: Methods: Data has been collected from a total of 23 patients with a previous diagnosis of HS, of hematimetry tests such hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volumen (MCV), spherified MCV (SMCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobine (MCH), hemolysis (bilirubin, LDH, haptoglobin, reticulocytes), iron metabolism, % spherocytes,


This paper has studied multi-formation geological anomalies of stream sediments in quartz vein type molybdenite deposits and in the regional metallogenic belt. The result can serve as geochemical basis in search for quartz vein type molybdenum deposits.


The need for careful specification in econometric analyses is well-known. If some component of a particular specification is incorrect, then conventional inferential procedures may be invalid. In particular, the presence of autocorrelation in linear economic models may lead to the use of inappropriate formulae for estimates of standard errors of estimated coefficients and for F-statistics which provide the bases for tests of significance. Concern over this problem has generally been represented in recent years by two checks of sensitivity, namely, the calculation of Durbin-Watson d-statistics and the use of either autoregressive transformations of the type introduced by Cochrane and Orcutt (1949) or similar approaches such as the Hildreth-Lu (1960) scan procedure, which can be associated with maximum likelihood methods. At the same time, econometric studies of wage determination provide an excellent illustration of certain specific deficiencies which may be introduced by conventional checks of sensitivity. Clarification of the quantitative significance of these deficiencies depends critically upon adequate investigation of institutional features of the labour market, and we cannot claim to have achieved this final goal. However, incompleteness of knowledge does not preclude a demonstration that current practices in empirical studies of wage-determination leave much to be desired. Two well-known studies of Phillips curves, those of Perry and Bodkin et al., provide the bases for discussion.


Periodically structured dielectric media with lattices on a sub-wavelength scale are receiving increased attention as they enable a variety of photonics applications. Fabrication, however, still imposes challenges to the scientific community. This article discusses process modifications in deep X-ray lithography to reduce minimum feature size and eventually allow the fabrication of high aspect ratio photonic crystal slabs with a moderate refractive index. Proximity printing requires an X-ray mask with high contrast and lateral resolution. Electron beam writing exposure doses were optimized to pattern feature sizes down to 400 nm in 3 μm thick resist. The voids were subsequently electroformed with 2 μm gold to generate the absorbers on a suspended silicon nitride membrane. The mask was copied into PMMA films of 5 μm thickness using X-ray lithography at about 0.4 nm. The yield of free standing smallest features is limited by adhesion of the resist to the substrate. Structures with aspect ratios as high as 8 to 12 tend to collapse after dip development. Periodic features are increased on the order of tens of nanometers compared to mask absorbers. Lattice constants need to be slightly reduced at fixed pore diameters before first photonic demonstrators made of PMMA can be fabricated.


An optical switching fabric based on resonant optoelectronic switches is presented. The elements are comprised of two optoelectronic thyristors which have their own switching characteristic. Simultaneous switching of 40Gbps baseband data along with mm-wave optical signals is shown in a 4x4 fabric. The possible unique capabilities and performance advantages of implementation with thyristor-based switches in the fabric are discussed.


All protected areas in Albania, have major historical and cultural value which is protected with a special status provided by law. Dajti National Park, with a surface of 29384.2 ha, is one of the most important protected areas in Albania with a special landscape value, rich formation and rich inbiodiversity.This study take in consideration the economic impact of a specific investment done in this area such as "Dajti Express", which is one of the most important and biggest business in this area, which includes an hotel, restaurant and bar and entertainment places. The study involves the data taken from the finance department of the company, such as number of visitors, incomes from the tickets and incomes from the hotel and restaurant for the last four years.The results show that biggest number of visitors has been for the years 2010 and 2011. This period has the biggest incomes from the cable way. This was because the people were very curious about using this kind of transportation. In later years 2012 and 2013 the number of visitors is decreased but this group of visitors is considered those who used the cable way for the weekend for their family, so they are the grater users of hotel and restaurant. That is way the incomes from hotel and restaurant are increased in these years compares to the first ones. Introduction Some generalizations about Dajti Park The Dajti Park has a very strategic placement for all visitors who are interested in exploiting its beauty in the aspect of relaxing and also in terms studies. This park is placed at around 5 km north-east of Tirana. This park was the first park which has taken the title as a protected area till 1966 with a decision of the Council of Ministers no. 93. In 1966 he was declared as a National Park with a 3,300 ha area loot. Subsequent decisions have been those ofNo. 163 in 1986 and the Decision No. 9 of 1994, and a study made in the years 1995, 1997 and 1999 make it possible the removing of military bases located in this area and consequently led to its expansion with an area of 22,000 ha. At the endthe DCM nr.402 dated 21.06.2006 that declared as a protected area with a surface of 29384.2 hectares. Dajti Park can offer a lot of values for all its tourists among which we can mention: Eco-tourism and recreational Park Values Natural beauties that are related to their high diversity of biological-mind fauna and flora Acceptance of all the phytoclimate areas such as: • Lauretum zona up to 600m above the sea level; • Castanetum zona up to 1300m above the sea level • Fagetum zona up to 1600m above the sea level Cable car (Dajti Express) The idea to build a cable car which enables the transport of visitors to the area was early but for many reasons such as political or economic, it has been impossible in 2005 DAJTI Express is the first investment of a cable car in our country and this prompted the interest of a large number of visitors to visit the National Park. "DAJTI Express" is 4670 m long, has a difference in level 812 m and an average inclination 19%. DAJTI Express promotes with great importance Also the mountain tourism and is considered a one of the most interesting and beautiful places of Tirana The technology used of the cable way The cable way is of the 8-MGD type (Mono-cable Gondola detachable for 8 persons / per gondola). The enclosed cabins, highly comfortable, provide full protection against the elements, and are designed with a strong focus on the special needs of families and the elderly. The 30 cabins, called "gondola", on line, during their ride, are attached to the haul rope with detachable grips for safe ride and easy loading and unloading. The grip, during the ride is closed on the rope and is open in stations and in parking area. It has two jaws: a fixed jaw and a movable one. The grip force is generated by torsion bar springs. The grip is of compact design and protected against atmospheric influences, for use in temperatures – 30° C and + 50 o C.It closes in exit of the stations and opens in entrance of the stations. The doors of cabins are locked automatically before exit (before the closing of the grip) and are opened automatically after the entrance (after the opening of the grip). The cabins, reaching the stations, to be free from the rope (that continues to move with the same selected speed), detach and, being free, are pushed by a conveyor of wheels with transmission belts, decreasing the speed from 6 or 4,5 to...3, 2, 1...0.3 m / s to be, in such a way, comfortable for unloading. They continue with this decreasing speed, to be, in such a way comfortable for loading, up to the moment of automatically closing the door. After this moment they are pushed by the other conveyor of wheels, increasing gradually the speed from 0.3....1...2...3 up to the selected speed for operation, to have, in such a way, in the exit the same speed of rope. On line the cabins, attached to the rope, travel with a selected speed up to 6 m /s. The gondola will travel in a distance of 300 m between each other within 80 seconds. In the full occupation of all gondolas, at the same time will travel 248 persons Dajti ExpressCompany includes: Cable Way – as a very serious and unique investment in Albania. Dajti Tower Belvedere Hotel – where Tirana seems to be in the palm of the hand. Wooden restaurant "Ballkoni I Dajtit" – which can offer Albanian Tradition and culture. During the existing period of this company the investment has been expended, of course without damaging the protected area. This company has plans to make other investment near bay the existing area, with other interesting invest-


It is difficult to canalize project on multi-branch rivers.The project layout,route planning and navigation flow conditions and other aspects need comprehensive consideration.Taking the Anrenfu navigation-hydropower project of the Qujiang River in Zhejiang Province for example and based on the overall physical model,the route planning,channel regulation,operation scheduling and other key technical problems of the project at a multi-branch river is studied.Comparing the flow conditions for a number of routes in the upstream,this paper gives the best route and ship navigation safety conditions;According to the characteristic of the channel transition of the bank on downstream channel,the optimal layout scheme and regulation range of downstream channel is proposed.By means of reasonable operation and scheduling,the whole navigation problem is perfectly solved.


LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS Charles Novia. Nollywood till November: Memoirs of a Nollywood Insider. Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, 2012. 152 pp. $23.99. Cloth. $14.95. Paper.Novia's title is a bit obscure (November is the name of his production company), but his subtitle is not: this is a valuable insider's account of the Nigerian film industry by an important writer/director/producer. Novia chronicles his movie-making career from his first film in 2000 until 2007, with accounts-not exhaustive, but lively-of the major events in the history of Nollywood during this period, which he either witnessed first hand or participated in: the attempt to form a cooperative of independent producers as an alternative to the stranglehold of the notorious Idumota marketers, the large Nollywood delegation that came to the U.S. as part of an attempt to organize the American market, the "marketers' strike," the actors' ban, and "Project Nollywood," the first important experiment in investment in Nollywood by a formal capitalist organization (EcoBank). Toward the end of the book Novia comments on the major current development in Nollywood, which he calls "neo-Nollywood": films made to be screened in the new multiplex cinemas being built in upscale shopping malls.Novia was a child actor on television in Benin City, got a degree in dramatic arts from the University of Nigeria-Nsukka, and spent four years in training at the Nigeria Television Authority before entering Nollywood. His youthful formal academic experience and association with the legitimate stage are central to his sense of his own identity and always inform how he sees the artistic and commercial scene that he has come to dominate.He is undoubtedly a film auteur: his movies are completely his own from the moment of conception ("my muse hit me," is the phrase he typically uses) to the point that he hands them over to a marketer. He brands each film as "A Charles Novia Think," and he himself has the air of an intellectual, bespectacled and often visibly cogitating. But his position within the world of Nigerian performing arts is not on the border between Nollywood and the large community of Nigerian intellectuals-he does not care what they think or share their attitudes and posture. (That border is singularly underpopulated.) He is in the center of Nollywood culture, noted for his romantic comedies, romantic dramas, and Christian films; his films occasionally are remakes of Hollywood films or appear to be so because his imagination runs in the same directions. …


Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxin (PCDD) and Dibenzofuran (PCDF) congener levels from different sources such as cesspool waste, incinerator ash, and commercial 2,4-D herbicide in the Palestinian West Bank territories were detected. Results indicated the presence of high levels of both dioxins and furans in these sources.


The mutation system of initial consonant gradation in dialects of North Welsh has been expanding to incorporate the affricates [tš] and [d] borrowed from English. This has resulted in the apparent development of new segments, including those including nasal affrication and alveolopalatal frication. While from a traditional segmental viewpoint the developments appear to be chaotic, in the framework of non-segmental, dynamic phonology the incorporations have been regular and to some extent predictable.


Nuclear power production and related activities generate radioactive wastes that must be safely managed to protect workers and the general public. The liquid-fed ceramic melting (LFCM) vitrification process is the reference process for vitrifying high-level nuclear waste in the U.S. as well as in Japan and India. The French are currently using a rotary kiln calciner/metallic melter system at their reprocessing facility. Compaction or controlled-air incineration are the currently preferred options for low-level waste solids, followed by immobilization in an appropriate matrix. The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 is a significant step in proceeding with waste treatment and disposal. Programs can now build on past work to assure that public safety and regulations are met in a cost-effective manner.


The density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to understand the effect of confinement on the Cl– exchange bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction inside pristine and Stone–Wales (SW) defective boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). Results have also been compared with that of the same reaction inside the carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The kinetics of thermo neutral SN2 reaction is significantly influenced by the inner phase (concave-face) of the tubes. This evidence clearly reinforces that inner phase can act as a nanoreactor in accordance with the previous reports. It is also possible to note that the polarizabilities of BNNTs (CNTs) and being associated inside dielectric medium (solid solvation) influence the energetics of the reaction. Furthermore, the enhancement in the central energy barrier of the (SN2) reaction arises due to the nuclophile stabilization in the nanotube confinement through the noncovalent interactions. Comparison of results obtained from tubes of various size...


BACKGROUND: There is an ongoing need to
explore effective ways of self-management in
breast cancer. AIMS: To assess the effectiveness
of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in
women with stages 0 to III breast cancer relating
to mood , breast- and endocrine-specific qualityof-
life and wellbeing. METHODS: A randomized
wait-list controlled trial was carried out at The
Haven in London with 229 women following surgery,
chemotherapy and radiotherapy for breast
cancer. Patients were randomly assigned to the 8-
week MBSR programme or standard care. Profile
of Mood States (POMS) (primary outcome),
FACT-B and FACT-ES and WHO-5 Wellbeing
scales evaluated mood, quality-of-life and wellbeing
at weeks 0, 8 and 12. Repeated measures analysis
of variance was employed. RESULTS: After
adjusting for baseline there were statistically significant
improvements from MBSR compared to
controls for POMS and subscales: tension, depression,
anger, vigour, fatigue and confusion, with
differences at both T2 and T3, except for depression
(8-weeks only) and anger (12-weeks only).
For FACT-B, FACT-ES and subscales: physical-,
social-, emotional-,functional-wellbeing, and
WHO-5 wellbeing questionnaire there were significantly
better mean scores in the experimental
group at both T2 and T3 except for social wellbeing
(T2 only). For emotional wellbeing there was
some evidence that treatment effects at T3 were
statistically significantly greater that at T2. CONCLUSIONS:
MSBR improved mood, breast- and
endocrine-related quality-of-life and wellbeing
more effectively than standard care in women
with stages 0 to III breast cancer and these results
persisted at 3 months. This is novel data with
positive implications for practice and further
research.


This article is an evaluation of an antivictimization program for preschoolers. Three published studies examining the effectiveness of sexual abuse prevention programs demonstrate equivocal results. The program evaluated in this study teaches abuse concepts including sexual, physical, and stranger abuse. Forty-six preschoolers of differing race, sex, and income level were subjects in a four-factor design assessing antivictimization knowledge. Follow-up testing was completed 6.5 weeks postpresentation. Results showed that preschoolers who received the program scored significantly higher at posttest than did no-program preschoolers. There were no significant main effects for race, sex, or income level, although trends indicated that low-income and male preschoolers learned more due to low prior knowledge when compared to middle-income or female students. Follow-up testing demonstrated retention of learned concepts. Discussion centers around methodological issues in studies of preschoolers and the learning of victimization as a developmental phenomenon.


Introduction: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute multi-systemic vasculitis which represents the leading etiology of acquired heart disease in children in high-income countries. Its rarity in black Africans may lead to misdiagnosis, delayed management with resultant fatal coronary artery lesions. We discuss a case of KD diagnosed in an infant in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Case presentation: A 10-month-old male Cameroonian presented with irritability, a generalised cutaneous eruption, and a prolonged high-grade fever. Although initial diagnosis of meningitis was made, the emerging laboratory and typical clinical features suggestive of KD prompted a quick diagnostic review. His clinical condition improved on Aspirin and corticosteroids. Conclusion: Due to the risk of potential complications from KD and the management challenges akin to resource-limited settings, we highlight the need for a high index of suspicion by healthcare providers when faced with febrile children with mucocutaneous lesions.


The value of good records and archives management in the promotion of accountability, good governance and human rights cannot be overemphasized. However, this can only be possible when a pool of well-trained human resources exist in the field of records and archives management. This article, based on a literature review explores and makes the situation analysis of records and archives management education in Uganda. The article reviews the administrative history of Uganda to highlight the value of good records and archives management for the promotion of national heritage. It makes among others a review of records and archives management demand in Uganda; and states the intrinsic values of sound records management. The syllabus of Bachelor of Records and Archives Management (BRAM) in Uganda is presented. The challenges of records management education with reference to Uganda and the way forward are addressed.


A novel coplanar waveguide ferrite-coupled line (CPW FCL) is presented and numerically verified for the first time. The proposed CPW FCL exhibits a low insertion loss for both even and odd mode excitations, equal power division for single power excitation with both isolation, and return loss better than 10 dB over the whole operating bandwidth, and 20 dB in the best cases. The coupler has a much wider operation bandwidth compared to any other configurations reported to date. In addition, the CPW FCL demonstrates better phase flatness within the operating bandwidth compared to microstrip FCL.


ELD with the help of Jaya Optimization Technique has been proved as one of the better options. Along with the cost curves or cost coefficients valve point effect has also very important impact in ELD. So in this paper, for ELD with valve point effect has been optimized with the help of Adaptive Jaya Optimization Technique. 13 thermal unit has been taken to get the optimal power output and optimal cost, which has been compared to the other optimization techniques' results. Advantage of this proposed optimization technique has been shown in the current work.


Based on the latest achievements both in cultural studies and in IR theories, the paper first establishes an analysis model between culture and foreign policy. Then, by putting the model in the examination of American foreign policy under the background of American culture, it concludes the unique characteristics of American foreign policy. Finally, this paper argues that though research from the perspective of culture is important in helping people to clarify the deep—meaning and motivation of the foreign policy so that people would not only know "what is its foreign policy" but also "why it is", the power of culture is mostly reflected in its explanation of foreign policy rather than its prediction of foreignpolicy.


TPS2629^ Background: Deregulated fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signalling is associated with tumorigenesis. Debio 1347 is an orally-available ATP competitive inhibitor of FGFR 1, 2 and 3 with preclinical data showing high target-specificity and antitumor activity across models of FGFR amplified, mutated or translocated tumors for various human malignancies. Methods: This first-in-human, phase I dose-escalation multiple tumor type "basket" study enrols patients with advanced solid malignancies harbouring defined activating alterations of FGFR 1, 2, or 3. These include amplifications and translocation events with known activating effect as well as somatic mutations previously reported as activating or located in genomic regions of relevance for kinase activity. The dose-escalation part of the trial enrols patients with advanced solid tumour malignancies and presence of any such alteration. Genetic screening is performed independently at each site with post-hoc centralised confirmation of molecula...


Fifteen cases of metastatic involvement of the adrenal glands are described. There are three groups of metastatic lesions: 1. metastases of distant tumors 2. metastases of malignant tumors of the ipsilateral kidney 3. direct extension of tumor to the adrenals Neovascularity was angiographically demonstrated in all cases. 13 of 15 patients had hypervascular metastases and 12 showed enlarged adrenal arteries. The angiographic findings are discussed and compared to those found in the literature.


A novel promoter system IX/AgOTf (X=Cl or Br) for thioglycoside activation has been developed (paper I-II). The promoter system has been evaluated in the synthesis of two GD3 bis-lactam fragments (paper III).


Soil amended with rice straw compost significantly reduced rice sheath blight severity. The disease caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a severe disturbance to rice cultivation in Indonesia. R. solani is soil borne fungi and highly competitive as saprophyte. In mature compost, R. solani propagules in the form of sclerotia germination were suppressed by hyperparasites and other biological control agents. Compost maturity level affects the ability of sclerotia to germinate. Initial inoculum reduction as sclerotia in steril soil was studied in glass house which is treated with the addition of variations in the maturity of the compost. Result showed that mature compost added to sterile soil in the pot decreased sclerotia germination for about 14%, otherwise fresh organic matter added to steril soil increased sclerotia germination, this condition lead R. solani grew and new sclerotia formed in the soil surface. The decomposition levels of organic matter influences disease development, it significantly affected on disease severity. Disease severity of rice sheath blight decreased by about 32.6-39.9 % with mature compost application.


Abstract Injection of polymer solutions has been recognized as an effective means to improve oil recovery. Prior to full-scale implementation, an extensive numerical simulation is essential to provide evaluation and development of the optimum design of polymer flood process. This article presents numerical investigations of a two-well model in a five-spot pattern operating under polymer flood process. A three-dimensional numerical model for fluid flow and mass transport is used to analyze the performance of the reservoir. The model includes the effects of polymer concentration-dependent viscosities, shear-thinning rheology of the polymer solution, shear degradation, polymer adsorption onto the reservoir rock, and inaccessible pore volume. The design variables include polymer concentration, slug size, and water salinity. For different parameters of the system, performances were compared in terms of cumulative recovery and water-oil ratio at the production well and pressure drop at the injection well. Properties of polymer bank such as concentration and size are shown to impact the predicted recovery. But salinity of the make-up water has a minimal effect on the performance of the process.


The reactivity of aliphatic nitro compounds (ANC) can be significantly increased by the silylation of the nitro group.2 Among a variety of intermediates involved in this process N,N-bis(siloxy)enamines (BENA; 1) have emerged as the most interesting compounds, especially since the recent advent of convenient procedures for their preparation.3,4 The unique ability of BENA, to interact at the b-position with some electrophiles5,6 as well as with various nucleophiles,7–13 can be used for the functionalization of the bcarbon atom of readily available initial ANC. Earlier, we developed this novel strategy for the synthesis of various a-functionalized1,7–10,13 or modified11,12 oximes from the simplest ANC.


SEE sensitivity variabilities emerge in microcircuit design iterations and fabrication changes. They encompass various types of SEE. While some SEE sensitivity variabilities remain acceptable, others are not tolerated for space applications.


This experience report will analyze the participatory and democratic process in the formulation of the State Plan for Human Rights Education in the State of Sao Paulo. The route was initiated by the State Council of the Human Person (Condepe), in 2017, it counted on State organs, social movements and civil society organizations involved in the area of human rights. Democratic control in the construction of the human rights education policy, in particular, the experience of the State of Sao Paulo, demonstrated the organizational and political capacity of the Condepe and the social movements in coordinating this intervention and enabled us to know the viability of the policy, existing disputes in the field of human rights education and the challenges of the national context, with regard to the regression of rights. The State of Sao Paulo was the third state in the federation to plan an action that would place human rights education on the political scene, in a controversial context and the withdrawal of social, political, economic and cultural rights. We can say that the transversal nature of the debate and the joining of political forces marked the path of this movement. The project of an emancipatory education proved to be viable, as a political learning, considering that there are no objective administrative and political conditions for its implementation, but there is a space at Condepe, to continue to tension this right, through the organization civil society and dialogue with the organs of the justice system.


The affine Fourier transform (AFT) plays an important role in many fields of optics and signal processing. The Gabor transform (GT) is a kind of linear time–frequency representation (TFR). Compared with many bilinear TFRs, the GT does not have the cross-term problem. In this study, the authors propose a time–frequency analysis method based on the AFT and GT. First, they obtain an affine relation between the AFT and the modified GT (MGT). Since the MGT is closely related to the AFT, they can use it as an assistant tool for signal processing in the AFT domain. Moreover, many useful relations between the AFT and the MGT are derived, such as recovery relation, projection relation and power integration relation. Then, they demonstrate that the AFT also has the affine relation with other TFRs, such as the Gabor–Wigner transform and the general class of quadratic distribution. Last, using the new time–frequency analysis method associated with the AFT and MGT, they present the filter design for multiple component chirp signal separation. Moreover, the simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


INTRODUCTION Smoking produces significant health problems affecting millions of people globally. It is the largest single cause of preventable deaths. This study aims to describe the characteristics of Filipino adolescent smokers aged 13–15 years and determine the factors associated with the intention to continue to use tobacco in the next 12 months among current smokers. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of the 2015 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in the Philippines to determine the association of the following factors with the intention to continue to use tobacco in the next 12 months among current smokers: 1) exposure to anti-tobacco media messages, 2) exposure to health warnings on cigarette packages, and 3) being taught about the dangers of tobacco in any class. RESULTS The adjusted odds of continuing to use of any form of tobacco in the next 12 months was higher (AOR=1.24; 95% CI: 0.62–2.49) among those who have not seen health warnings on cigarette packages and higher (AOR=1.32; 95% CI: 0.71–2.45) when not taught about tobacco in any of their classes. Finally, those who have not seen or heard antitobacco messages on television, radio, internet, billboards, posters, newspapers, magazines, or movies, were more likely (AOR=2.19; 95% CI: 1.14–4.21) to report their intention to continue to use tobacco. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the relationship of different tobacco control strategies to adolescents' intention to continue using tobacco can contribute to the improvement of tobacco policies and programs and achieve effective tobacco control among the youth. A targeted anti-tobacco campaign in both traditional and new media should be considered an essential part of a comprehensive tobacco control program. Health warnings on cigarette packs should be supported by a policy banning the sale of single stick cigarettes. INTRODUCTION Tobacco use is one of the biggest public health threats globally and the most significant single cause of preventable deaths. Globally, it kills more than seven million a year, with more than six million of those deaths attributable to direct tobacco use. Around 80% of smokers worldwide live in lowand middle-income countries such as the Philippines1. Smoking, especially during adolescence, produces significant health problems, including respiratory illnesses, cancer, and cardiovascular disease2. To address the growing tobacco epidemic, the Philippines started implementing tobacco control measures as early as 1987. Several tobacco control policies were enacted to: 1) increase tobacco taxes, 2) ban tobacco advertising or promotion, 3) designate smoke-free places, and 4) ban the sale of tobacco products to minors3. Despite these actions, 47.5% of Filipino students aged 13–15 years were not prevented from buying cigarettes despite their age, while only 67.1% were taught in school about the dangers of tobacco use4. Moreover, there were significant decreases in the prevalence of Filipino youth who saw anti-tobacco messages in the media (from 89.4% in 2011 to 71.6% in 2015) and at sports or community events (from 88.8% in 2011 to 53.2% in 2015)4. In 2015, 14.5% of Filipino students were current tobacco smokers (smoked tobacco anytime during the past 30 Research Paper| Population Medicine Popul. Med. 2021;3(November):30 https://doi.org/10.18332/popmed/143526 2 days), while 12% were current cigarette smokers (smoked cigarettes anytime during the past 30 days)4. Current cigarette smoking among Filipino youth showed a declining trend from the year 20004. However, a 34.8% increase in current cigarette smoking was observed between 2011 and 20154. The latest Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) shows that one in ten students are current smokers and 0.7% have smoked cigarettes on 20 or more days in the past 30 days4. It is crucial to look at adolescents' intention to continue to use tobacco, which can predict behavior. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, a behavior is a result of the intention to do the behavior and the perceived control over it. Behavioral intentions are often influenced by the attitude towards the behavior, the subjective evaluation of the results of the behavior, and the perceived control over the behavior. While the relationship between intention and behavior is not always perfect, the intention is often used as a proxy for actual behavior. Given inadequate information, young people often underestimate the risk of becoming addicted to smoking due to nicotine, which relates to underestimating future costs and consequences5. This myopic view on the ills of tobacco use and the external costs imposed on others, which result in premature death and illness, justifies government intervention through strategies including regulation, taxation, and information dissemination. Hence, to reduce the prevalence of current tobacco use among the youth by 2% per year, the Philippines has to devise or reinvent its tobacco control and prevention strategies for the youth4. This study aims to look at three of the most common methods of message delivery and their relationship to adolescent smokers' intention to continue using tobacco. Specifically, this study aimed to describe the characteristics of Filipino adolescent smokers aged 13–15 years and determine the association of the following factors with the intention to continue to use tobacco in the next 12 months among current smokers: 1) exposure to anti-tobacco media messages, 2) exposure to health warnings on cigarette packages, and 3) being taught about the dangers of tobacco in any class. METHODS Data source This study was a secondary dataset analysis of the 2015 Global Youth Tobacco Survey in the Philippines, which was administered from January to March 20154. The GYTS was developed by the Tobacco Free Initiative (TFI), United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), and World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with representatives from the six WHO regions6. The GYTS is a school-based survey designed to monitor tobacco use among the youth and guide tobacco control program implementation and evaluation6. The GYTS is a school-based survey that utilized a twostage cluster sample design that produced representative samples of students in year levels that were associated with ages 13–15 years4,6. It uses a self-administered questionnaire to evaluate trends in tobacco use among adolescents and to guide the implementation and evaluation of tobacco prevention and control programs for the Filipino youth6. The Philippines has conducted five rounds of the GYTS since 2000. The Philippine version of the GYTS is a nationally representative survey of students aged 13–15 years and is regularly used to generate data that are comparable to other countries4. It utilizes a global standard to systematically monitor tobacco control indicators that include: data on the prevalence of cigarette and other tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke, accessibility and availability of tobacco products, the influence of media and advertising on the use of cigarettes, susceptibility, smoking cessation, and knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco use and policies4. Definition of variables Current cigarette smoking Two questions were used to define current cigarette smoking: 1) 'Have you ever tried or experimented with cigarette smoking, even one or two puffs?' with response 'yes' or 'no'; and 2) 'During the past 30 days (one month), on how many days did you smoke cigarettes?' where answers were dichotomized ('1' for those reporting 0 days in the past 30 days, and '2' for those reporting ≥1 day in the past 30 days). Participants who have answered 'yes' in the first question and reported at least 1 day of cigarette use in the past 30 days were considered current cigarette smokers. Intention to continue using tobacco in the next 12 months Participants were asked to indicate their future intention to continue using any form of tobacco with four response options: 'definitely not', 'probably not', 'probably yes', and 'definitely yes'. For this study, the answers were dichotomized into 'yes' (combined 'probably yes' and 'definitely yes') and 'no' (combined 'probably not' and 'definitely not'). Exposure to anti-tobacco media messages Participants were asked to indicate whether they have or have not seen or heard any anti-tobacco media messages on television, radio, internet, billboards, posters, newspapers, magazines, or movies during the past 30 days. Exposure to health warnings on cigarette packages Participants were asked whether they have or have not seen any health warnings on cigarette packages during the past 30 days using the following options: 'Yes but I didn't think much of them', and 'Yes, and they led me to think about quitting smoking or not starting'. The answers were dichotomized into 'yes' and 'no'. Taught the dangers of tobacco use Participants were asked whether they have or have not Research Paper| Population Medicine Popul. Med. 2021;3(November):30 https://doi.org/10.18332/popmed/143526 3 been taught about the dangers of tobacco use in any of their classes in the past 12 months with the options: 'yes', 'no', and 'do not know'. Only participants who answered 'yes' or 'no' were included in the analysis. Statistical analysis Descriptive statistics were used to identify the demographic characteristics of the participants. Crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between independent variables and intention to continue using tobacco products among current smokers. In the logistic regression analyses, odds ratios and confidence intervals were calculated. The logistic regression models were adjusted for the effects of covariates such as age, sex, and type of school. All analyses were conducted using JASP version 0.14.1, which was released on 17 December 2020. JASP is a free and open-source program for statistical analysis. The statistical software offers standard analysis procedures in c


1. The Evolution of Security 2. New Military Technologies 3. Arms Production and Trade 4. The Proliferation of Ballistic Missiles 5. The Nuclear Dimension 6. The Spread of Nuclear Weapons 7. Nuclear Terrorism 8. Chemical Weapons and Warfare 9. The Spread of Chemical Weapons 10. Biological Warfare 11. The Spread of Biological Weapons 12. Military Genetic Engineering 13. Can the Global Arms Trade Be Controlled? 14. The Future of the Nuclear Arsenals 15. The International Nuclear Non-proliferation Regime 16. The Establishment of Zones Free of Nuclear Weapons 17. Controlling teh Export of Nuclear Facilities and Materials 18. The Need for a Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 19. Controlling Biological and Chemical Weapons 20. Verification Technologies 21. Controlling the Environmental Impacts of War


Objective To explore the common fixation methods and efficacy of traumatic fracture. Methods 48 patients with traumatic tibial fractures in our hospital from April 2010 to April 2011 were selected and divided into two groups. Patients in the control group were treated with plate internal fixation, while patients in the observation group were treated with the external fixation. The clinical data of the two groups were compared. Results The excellent and good rate was 95.8% in the observation group, while 91.7% in the control group; the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.052 0.05). The operation time, bleeding volume, complications in the observation group were superior to the control group, with statistical difference (P 0.05). Conclusions The external fixation has significant curative effect in treatment of traumatic fracture, which is worthy of clinical application.


Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world [1], affecting between 70% and 85% of the US population at some point during their lives [2]. Disc degeneration is caused by biological changes in the disc, which result in dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). The long term goal of this project is to treat disc degeneration with a tissue engineering strategy for the regeneration of the nucleus pulposus using messechymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue. It has been established in cartilage regeneration studies that cyclic compressive loading of stem cells is beneficial for tissue formation compared to static culture [3–7]. In this work, a bioreactor is being developed that can subject cell-seeded polymeric tissue engineering scaffolds to dynamic compressive forces. Ultimately, the bioreactor will be used to study the effects of different loading parameters on the production of new nucleus pulposus tissue from adipose-derived stem cells.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


The hydraulic conductivities of soil-glass bead mixtures in columns were determined during the flow of dilute sodium-calcium solutions through the mixtures. Flow was continued until equilibrium was achieved. A curvilinear decrease in hydraulic conductivity was found as the exchangeable sodium approached equilibrium. The shape of the curve depended on the nature of the soil and the cationic composition and total salt content of the solutions. The hydraulic conductivity became constant only when a constant exchangeable sodium content was achieved along the soil column. A semiempirical method of predicting the hydraulic conductivity was developed. Agreement between calculated and observed values was found to be reasonably good.


By using homogeneous balance principle , the B■cklund transformations to the coupled KdV equations with variable coefficients are derived if the coefficients of the equation are linearly dependent. Based on the B■cklund transformation , a solitary wave solutions with variable propagation velocity are obtained.


Problem and goal. The beginning of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic led to the widespread transition of universities in the country and around the world to distance learning. The analysis of available studies in Russia, South Africa, Switzerland and other countries of the world allowed to conclude that there are insufficient comparisons of assessments of the use of distance education technologies before the coronavirus pandemic and after its first waves. The article is devoted to the study of the problem of assessing the capabilities of the electronic information educational environment Moodle in the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia before and during COVID-19. Methodology. A comparison of the results of a survey among cadets of the Ryazan branch of the Vladimir Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in 2017 and 2021 was made. Results. The empirical study revealed that after the first two waves of the pandemic and the gradual return to a more traditional full-time form of education among the cadets there are no those who rarely use the Moodle. The number of positive assessments of the effectiveness of using the Moodle and its impact on reducing the time spent on studying has increased. The article explains the identified request of students to improve the means of distance learning, in particular, in the direction of reducing complexity, increasing entertainment, reducing the time for checking materials. Conclusion. Working in an electronic information educational environment has become familiar to students, and they have come to realize the need to solve small problems. There is an ingrained understanding of the inevitability of introducing elements of distance learning into full-time education.


It can greatly increase economic benefit with little investment and reduce the energy consumption of unit mass by the way of installing an additional submersible dredge pump in present dredge.


As a result of intensive
managerial and research programmes,
our marine fisheries
gained admirable development
through the past 30 years.
Since our independence, marine
fish production has increased
nearly three-fold.


The invention provides an automatic detection method for the time emergence of seedling of corns. The method comprises the following steps of: automatically dividing an acquired front down-looking image of the corns in a field, extracting corn seedlings, and judging whether the corns in an image area enter the time emergence of seedling or not by utilizing the spatial distribution and number information of the seedlings. According to the method, the growth period of the corns is judged in real time by taking an image characteristic parameter representing the spatial distribution in the seedling emergence of the corns as a judgment basis, so that the method is high in detection result accuracy, and has guiding significance for analysis on a relationship between the growth period of the corns and weather conditions, the identification of agricultural weather conditions for the growth of the corns and farming activities for the corns.


: The plan of a strong regulator for the voltage source inverter is fundamental for solid activity of circulated energy assets in future shrewd microgrids. The plan issue is trying on account of self-ruling activity ensuing to an islanding circumstance. In this article, a double circle regulator is proposed for voltage source inverter control. The external circle is intended for microgrid voltage and recurrence guideline dependent on the model prescient control methodology. This external circle creates reference inverter flows for the internal circle. The internal circle is planned utilizing a sliding-mode control methodology, and it creates the beat width balance voltage orders to direct the inverter flows. A standard space vector calculation is utilized to understand the beat width tweak voltage orders. Execution assessment of the proposed regulator is done for various stacking situations. It is shown that the proposed double circle regulator gives the predefined execution attributes of an islanded microgrid with various stacking conditions. control is routed to guarantee stable activity for buyer stacks on one hand and the distinctive inexhaustible age and capacity frameworks associated on a typical DC transport then again. This article proposes a strong double circle model prescient voltage control/sliding-mode current control methodology to manage the voltage and recurrence of an islanded microgrid with various stacking conditions. The internal circle is planned utilizing a sliding-mode control to restrict the inverter current under over-burden conditions. The external circle is planned utilizing an obliged MPC to direct the microgrid load volt-ages to their reference esteems.


Pest, Dust, Mould and Water Preventive Preservation, a day-to-day work Tony Basset Library, Pasture and Sheep Danielle Mincio The National Library of France: Indoor Air Pollution in the Storage Rooms as a Consequence of an ill-suited Air Purification System Thi-Phuong Nguyen and Michel Dubus Preservation of Books, Pictures, Fabrics and Others from Mould Spoilage Philippe Dantigny Hot Water Damage: A Case Study of the Library of the Culture Palace for Nationalities Zhang Zhiqing and Zhao Daying


We study the dynamics of the outliers for a large number of independent Brownian particles in one dimension. We derive the multi-time joint distribution of the position of the rightmost particle, by two different methods. We obtain the two time joint distribution of the maximum and second maximum positions, and study the counting statistics at the edge. Finally we derive the multi-time joint distribution of the running maximum, as well as the joint distribution of the arrival time of the first particle at several space points.


This paper describes a novel deterministic globally-asynchronous locally-synchronous (GALS) methodology called "synchro-tokens". Wrappers around the synchronous blocks keep the system globally asynchronous while ensuring that each transition, although arriving at a nondeterministic time, is sensed by the synchronous block during a deterministic cycle of the local clock. This determinism facilitates debug and test methodologies, such as the use of stored-pattern testers, which are effective only when the system behavior is predictable and repeatable. Applications of synchro-tokens to GALS systems with two or more synchronous blocks and one or more asynchronous data channels are shown. Synchro-tokens supports both pipelined and unpipelined channels and a variety of clock generation methodologies. Novel schematic level designs of the wrapper components in a 180-nm technology are used to compare the performance of several different deterministic GALS design styles.


Abstract We report here measurements of the splay elastic constant, K1, and the twist viscosity coefficient, γ1, of side chain mesomorphic polymers; we compare them so the values obtained for certain low molecular weight compounds, similar to the nematic moiety of the polymers.


In a decision some say could help end traditional managed care, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states have the power to force HMOs to open their networks to any healthcare provider willing to abide by the plans' terms. Elizabeth Johnson, left, counsel for the Kentucky Department of Insurance, says the decision will let states take on key healthcare issues that Congress has never been able to resolve.


the signal fixed at 0.65 THz, another one tuned around 0.65 THz as local oscillator (LO). Fig. 2. Measured IF GBW using a Fourier transform spectrometer. Abstract—Intermediate frequency (IF) gain bandwidth (GBW) of terahertz (THz) mixers based on superconducting niobium nitride (NbN) hot electron bolometers (HEBs) has been improved. The IF GBW has been measured by 2 different methods and same values up to 7 GHz have been obtained.


To reduce the contact area of gas and discourage the generation of particles and to improve the purge efficiency by reducing the flow capacity. And the treatment chamber (1) for processing a substrate (2), the treatment chamber (1) is installed on the side of the substrate (2) to the treatment chamber (1) a substrate transfer tool to carry out the interior 10 of the treating chamber ( 1) sphere and not for holding the substrate (2) provided to enable the lifting therein, and inlet (3,4) to the not installed on guboda upward supplying gas into the processing chamber 1, the beam around the earth is installed in the installed below the upper surface of the exhaust duct 35 and the exhaust duct 35 at the time of substrate processing for discharging the gas inside the treatment chamber (1) discharged by said discharge duct (35) in the gas to a substrate processing apparatus including the processing chamber (1) an exhaust port 5 for exhausting out, at least part of the member constituting the exhaust duct 35 is configured to be capable of elevating. Purging efficiency, and particles, the exhaust


Economical operation of large scale systems like a power plant depends on the operators and their skills. The operators need to know how to operate the plant under different conditions especially in emergency cases. There are some specific training courses which are presented by experts for the operators, but the operators need to experience in their own way. A methodology for increasing skills of the operators with less cost is to use power system simulators. Power system simulators can easily simulate different circumstances and show the effects of any action during operation. By working with simulators, operators can achieve different experience without affecting the main system. Power plant simulators are designed and manufactured by large companied that supply the main system. The TARASHT power plant 4000 mini-computer with VMS operating system. Due to the high price of mini-computers and the simulators, power industry in Iran decided to manufacture pc-based simulators. In a research work supported by the industry, a simulator with the same capabilities was redesigned and manufactured by Abbaspour Technical University. In this paper the result of the project id presented.


Date collected from August 22 to December 31 of year 2013 were analyzed to study the O3 concentration and correlated factors. The results showed that study phase hourly average of 48.3 μg/m3.It exceeded the China National Ambient Air quality Standard for ClassⅠ3.7% and for ClassⅡ1.3%. Diurnal variation of O3 concentration exhibited with the characteristic of a single peak in the afternoon. High concentration stage of peak time(17:00) 2 h later than low concentration stage. O3 concentration of maximum and minimum value ratio is low. Both temperature and wind speed have significant positive corre-lation with O3, however, relative has the opposite effect. The distant transport associated with the low-level wind range of 22.5°~180.0°contributes higher O3 concentration. The southwest has the opposite effect. It were significant meteorological conditions for producing photochemical pollution that constantly controlled by east wind and moderate temperature, wind speed,relative humidity. Usually, the excessive time at 13:00-17:00 during the day.


This article deals with some translations of Shakespeare's 60th sonnet into Russian. There are over 30 different translations of this sonnet so far. Here we examine only the most famous ones. It may be concluded that the Russian translations are quite accurate.


Summary Protopam (pralidoxime) Chloride (or Iodide) and TMB4 (1, 1′-trimethyl-ene-bis(4-formylpyridinium bromide) dioxime) when injected intraperitoneally in the mouse at 50% of LD50, raise the intraperitoneal lethal dose of anticholinesterase, Phospholine (echothiophate) Iodide, by factors of 50 and 280 respectively. When the same oximes are given orally 30 to 60 minutes before Phospholine the intraperitoneal LD50 is increased by factors of 23 and 450. Graphs relating log dose of oxime and log dosage ratio of Phospholine are linear over a considerable range. The therapeutic indices for arbitrary increase of 10 times in LD50 of Phospholine are 23 and 9 for Protopam and 114 and 120 for TMB4 by oral and intraperitoneal administration respectively. The possible nature of the antagonism is discussed.


Until the Gulf crisis, perhaps no single event in the recent history of the Middle East caused more consternation among North American political analysts than the 1979 ouster of the Shah of Iran by a band of religious zealots headed by Ayatollah Khomeini. The United States Department of State was clearly caught by surprise, as the ensuing 444-day 'hostage crisis' showed. Only months before the revolution, President Carter himselfwidely acknowledged for his commitment to human rights had toasted the shah as a 'great humanitarian.' But the region's chagrin over the president's remarks and the eventual Iranian revolution should not have come as such a shock. Human rights abuses under the shah's r6gime were widely recognized among Middle East scholars, as was the momentum of the anti-Western movement which had grown steadily since the overthrow of Mossadegh government in Iran in the early 195os. By the summer of 1 978 cassette tapes of the ayatollah's revolutionary rhetoric were ubiquitous in the mosques and marketplaces of the region. Those caught by surprise were the ones unfamiliar with the mosques and marketplaces, those generally unaware of the role of domestic forces in the region's quest for inter-state stability. In apparent response to the lessons of Iran's Islamic revolution, there emerged a fascination with 'Islamic fundamentalism,' the perceived power behind the revolutionary events in the


On 1 April 2023, the Central European University (CEU) Department of Gender Studies and Department of History held a panel and book launch to celebrate the retirement of Francisca de Haan and to recognize her scholarly contributions. Following a summary of the event, the texts of those who spoke that day are reproduced here, offering an opportunity to consider the impact Francisca de Haan had on her students, her colleagues, this journal, and the field of Central and Eastern European women's history in general through the words of those she impacted most directly.


Abstract Studies were conducted over a 2-year period at Headland, Ala. and Jay, Fla. to evaluate the relationship between peanut seed size and tolerance of the resultant crop to normal and excessive rates of the herbicide paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion). Three seed sizes, termed small (3340 seeds/kg), medium (2615 seeds/kg), and large (1820 seeds/kg), were planted to achieve a common plant population. While seedling size at emergence reflected seed size, no interaction between seed size and herbicide treatment was detected for crop growth measured as the increase in canopy diameter over a 5-week period following herbicide application. None of the seed sizes resulted in seedlings that were either uniquely sensitive or abnormally tolerant of paraquat. Two sequential applications of paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha each was consistently the most damaging treatment as measured in growth reduction, however yield was reduced in only one of four trials. Seed size had an effect on yield in only two of the...


Recently the genus Phyllogeiton was reinstated to accommodate the two currently recognized species of Berchemia, namely P. discolor and P. zeyheri, which are confined to Africa and Madagascar. In the present contribution a new species, Phyllogeiton trachybasis, is described, illustrated, mapped, and compared with the other members of the genus, especially with P. discolor with which it has hitherto been confused. An identification key and illustrations are provided for the three species of Phyllogeiton. The new species has a restricted range and is presently only known for certain from the KwaZulu-Natal part of the Maputaland Centre of Endemism in South Africa. Known trees of P. trachybasis are mostly old and there are no signs of recruitment in nature. Outside conservation areas, the bark of P. trachybasis is heavily utilised for biocultural purposes, most probably a main reason for the apparent demise of the species. A preliminary conservation assessment suggests that P. trachybasis should be classified as Endangered.


Adding systematic teacher judg ments to the public record could well serve the wide vari ety of audiences interested in the progress of students and the effective ness of school programs. Increased use of teachers' assessments could change public discussion about the goals of schooling. Integration of teachers' assessments into higher-level decisions could redirect instruction to address the critical components of lit eracy for all students. We expect two distinct reactions from our readers. Some will ask, "Doesn't teacher assessment of stu dent achievement play an important role today?" Our answer is "no." Teachers judge the social and emo tional responses of students, but not their achievement (Fraatz 1987). Read ing instruction, for instance, is driven by batteries of externally mandated tests, while writing instruction is still not a significant curriculum domain for many students. Other readers will ask, "How can we trust the regular classroom teacher with the complex task of judging stu dent performance?" Our answer has two parts. First, we must. Teachers already make a variety of decisions every day that influence student achievement. They decide on group placement; they choose the rate at which new content is introduced to different groups; they grade students on daily, quarterly, and yearly accom plishments. The second part of our answer is that we must improve the conceptual and procedural founda tions for assessment. Today's teachers are provided little basis for a profes sional approach to this task; this situa tion must be remedied if teachers are to promote high levels of literacy in their students.


Objective To analyze the reports on mental health from 2005 to 2009,and to provide the policies to improve the level of college students' mental health.Methods SCL-90 and mental health were taken as the keywords,sixty reports on freshman' s mental health were selected,then data were analyzed by meta-analysis study.Results The D between the sixty reports and national norm was 0.28.Except for the factor of obsession and psychoticism were middle effect,the others were small effect.Among the ten independent variables,the difference between village and city,teacher-training students and non teacher-training students,poor students and non-poor students were middle effect,the others were small effect,and the difference were not significant.Conclusion The freshman' s mental health are normal except several groups or factors.


In this paper, we analyze the performance of non- orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for the down-link transmission of a Base-Band Unit (BBU) pool to multiple Radio Remote Heads (RRH) serving multiple types of cells (e.g., macro, micro, pico, and even femto) in a heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H-CRAN). Our analytic model is intended for NOMA with imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) implementation for the wireless down-link in an H-CRAN. We conduct extensive numerical experiments to investigate the performance of the NOMA with imperfect SIC implementation taking into account power consumption levels at the remote radio head (RRH) of different cell types and front-hauling power. The numerical results reveal an interesting fact that increasing the imperfect SIC factor will degrade the energy efficiency (EE) of multi-cell cellular networks significantly.


In this paper,we comprehensively summarized the habitat conditions of B.gruiens which is a special speices in Qinghai-Tibet plateau.These conditions include special landform and physiognomy,rigour continent climate,vegetation types,grazing ecology of B.gruiens,water and protection features,and so on.Though simulating habitat variation,distribution range,population size and density of B.gruiens at present,we concluded that there would be 19 940±3 952 B.gruiens in China and their population density would ranged from 0.03 to 0.04 head/km~2.Meanwhile,the survival ability of B.gruiens was evaluated according to population structure,reproductive index of population,social action,death cauces of population as well as changes of environmental capacity to B.gruiens on Qinghai-Tibet plateau in past 100 years.


In this project we are providing a solution developed to address all the pain points of the cashew industry. This Cashew Industry System is cloud based software developed for managing the industry's daily production details, stock maintenance, salary details and emplo In this project we are providing a solution developed to address all the pain points of the cashew industry. This Cashew Industry System is cloud based softwar In this project we are providing a solution developed to address all the pain points of the cashew industry. This Cashew Industry System is cloud based software developed for managing the industry's daily production details, stock maintenance, salary details and employee details, managed by office workers and administrator. This software system allows administrator to control the entire system including database maintenance for adding a new employee, supplier details. As well as this software keeps track of work done by each employee in each section & inventory processes. The use of this software, particularly for eliminating the book keeping method to maintain the data secure and structured as well as it reduces the paper use. We are using VPS as a cloud for providing more security to the data. Self-dependency makes a  VPS Host more secure than shared web hosting. Automatic report generation provide solution for hectic calculation process. . s New Roman"; color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA'>Automatic report generation provide solution for hectic calculation process.. e developed for managing the industry's daily production details, stock maintenance, salary details and employee details, managed by office workers and administrator. This software system allows administrator to control the entire system including database maintenance for adding a new employee, supplier details. As well as this software keeps track of work done by each employee in each section & inventory processes. The use of this software, particularly for eliminating the book keeping method to maintain the data secure and structured as well as it reduces the paper use. We are using VPS as a cloud for providing more security to the data. Self-dependency makes a  VPS Host more secure than shared web hosting. Automatic report generation provide solution for hectic calculation process..  yee de In this project we are providing a solution developed to address all the pain points of the cashew industry. This Cashew Industry System is cloud based software developed for managing the industry's daily production details, stock maintenance, salary details and employee details, managed by office workers and administrator. This software system allows administrator to control the entire system including database maintenance for adding a new employee, supplier details. As well as this software keeps track of work done by each employee in each section & inventory processes. The use of this software, particularly for eliminating the book keeping method to maintain the data secure and structured as well as it reduces the paper use. We are using VPS as a cloud for providing more security to the data. Self-dependency makes a  VPS Host more secure than shared web hosting. Automatic report generation provide solution for hectic calculation process..  tails, managed by office workers and administrator. This software system allows administrator to control the entire system including database maintenance for adding a new employee, supplier details. As well as this software keeps track of work done by each employee in each section & inventory processes. The use of this software, particularly for eliminating the book keeping method to maintain the data secure and structured as well as it reduces the paper use. We are using VPS as a cloud for providing more security to the In this project we are providing a solution developed to address all the pain points of the cashew industry. This Cashew Industry System is cloud based software developed for managing the industry's daily production details, stock maintenance, salary details and employee details, managed by office workers and administrator. This software system allows administrator to control the entire system including database maintenance for adding a new employee, supplier details. As well as this software keeps track of work done by each employee in each section & inventory processes. The use of this software, particularly for eliminating the book keeping method to maintain the data secure and structured as well as it reduces the paper use. We are using VPS as a cloud for providing more security to the data. Self-dependency makes a  VPS Host more secure than shared web hosting. Automatic report generation provide solution for hectic calculation process..  data. Self-dependency makes a  VPS Host more secure than shared web hosting. Automatic report generation provide solution for hectic calculation process..


Onions are known to contain high levels of flavonoids and a comparison of the efficiency, reproducibility and detection limits of various extraction methods has been made in order to develop fast and reliable analytical methods for analysis of flavonoids in onions.
Conventional and classical methods are time- and solvent-consuming and the presence of light and oxygen during sample preparation facilitate degradation reactions. Thus, classical methods were compared with microwave (irradiation) extraction, ultrasonic liquid extraction and accelerated solvent extraction.


After 1871, German school administrators attempted, as they put it, to "germanize" the pupils of Alsace-Lorraine. They expected young Alsatians and Lorrainers to learn to be German: that is, to speak German; to learn German history and geography; and eventually to become German citizens like any other.After a brief overview of the historical context of AlsaceLorraine, the essay examines in detail the language of instruction and children's reading skills. It then considers the geography and history lessons which portrayed the national identity local children were supposed to be adopting. Finally, it suggests the long-term impact of German primary schooling on society more generally.Throughout, I argue that primary schools in Alsace-Lorraine had a critical role in building the German nation by helping youngsters to take for granted that they were citizens of the newly united Germany.


This article approaches the influential factor and analyses the procese of forming double commericial centers in Tiedong and Tiexi districts,siping city.


Abstract: Distribution of iron in the brain varies with region, cell type, and age. Furthermore, some neurological diseases are accompanied by an abnormal accumulation of iron in specific areas of the CNS. These findings implicate a mobile intracerebral iron pool; however, transport of iron across the blood‐brain barrier and its regulation are largely unknown. In an extensive series of experiments in primary cultures of porcine blood‐brain barrier endothelial cells, we separately quantified surface‐bound and total cellular transferrin receptor pools. Although 90% of all transferrin receptors were located inside the cell, only 10% of these intracellular receptors actively took part in the endocytic cycle. This large "inactive" intracellular transferrin receptor pool could either function as a storage site for spare receptors or be activated by the cell to increase its capacity for iron transport. Data were corrected for nonspecific binding by a separate biochemical assessment using a 100‐fold excess of unlabeled ligand. Data were also analyzed in a nonlinear curve‐fit program. This resulted in a less elaborate and less biased estimate of nonspecific binding.


Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography esophagography in grading esophageal varices using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as a gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional (validation) study Place and Duration of Study: Radiology department, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi from 14th July 2016 to 13th January 2017. Methodology: One hundred and forty five clinically diagnosed patients of liver cirrhosis, age between 35-80 years were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent multi-detector computed tomography and endoscopy examination for the identification as well as grading of oesophageal varices. Results: High risk varices were identified in 106 (73.1%) of patients on multi-detector computed tomography and were identified in 108 (74.5%) of patients on endoscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy of multi-detector computed tomography forthe identification of high risk esophageal varices were found to be 94.4%, 89.2%, 84.6%, 96.2% and 93.1% respectively. Conclusion: Multi-detector computed tomography esophagography detected high risk esophageal varices with excellent accuracy. This could be a practical and non-invasive choice of imaging for the identification& grading of esophageal varices. Key words: Esophageal varices, Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), Endoscopy


Changes in the levels of dehydrogenase activity when supplemented with niacin on mulberry leaves with different concentration were assayed in the fat body of FC1 and FC2 bivoltine silkworm hybrids. They performed better with respect to economic traits such as larval weight, cocoon weight, shell weight, filament length, filament weight, renditta except denier at 0.6% of niacin supplementation over other concentrations as well as control batches. Further, FC2 scored better for these traits compare to FC1. The silkworm larvae reared on mulberry leaves fortified with niacin at 0.6% concentration recorded highest activity levels of SDH and LDH activities over other concentration as well as control batch. Both the enzymes activities were relatively higher in V instar 5 th day, V instar 3 rd day and V instar 1 st day in both the hybrids. Further, the activity levels were maximum in FC2 when compared to FC1. The present study divulged that, the mulberry leaf fortified with niacin at 0.6 % intensify economic parameters of selected bivoltine hybrid silkworm Bombyx mori.


The 0.6-0.7 micron absorption band observed for C-type asteroids is caused by the presence of Fe(3+) in phyllosilicates . Because Fe-bearing phyllosilicates, especially serpentine, are the most dominant product of aqueous alteration in the most abundant carbonaceous chondrites, CM chondrites, it is important to understand the crystal chemistry of serpentine in CM chondrites to better understand spectral features of C-type asteroids. CM chondrites show variable degrees of aqueous alteration, which should be related to iron valences in serpentine. It is predicted that the Fe(3+)/Sum of (Fe) ratios of serpentine in CM chondrites decrease as alteration proceeds by Si and Fe(3+) substitutions from end-member cronstedtite to serpentine, which should be apparent in the absorption intensity of the 0.6-0.7 micron band from C-type asteroids. In fact, the JAXA Hayabusa 2 target (C-type asteroid: 1993 JU3) exhibits heterogeneous spectral features (0.7 micron absorption band disappears by rotation). From these points of view, we have analyzed iron valences of matrix serpentine in several CM chondrites which span the entire observed range of aqueous alteration using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (SR-XANES). In this abstract we discuss the relationship between obtained Fe(3+)/Sum of (Fe) ratios and alteration degrees by adding new data to our previous studies


Bacterial meningitis carries a high mortality and morbidity if untreated or treated late. The success of parenteral antibiotic therapy depends on early diagnosis. Although cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) studies allow early presumptive diagnosis prior to initiation of treatment, broad spectrum parenteral antibiotics are currently administered, regardless of initial CSF results , if a bacterial cause is suspected, with the inherent risk of drug side effects and induction of bacterial resistance. CSF culture allows bacteriological diagnosis, but results are not immediate. Rapid identification of the offending organism by Gram's stain characteristics or bacterial antigen detection testing (BADT) allows chemoprophylaxis of contacts whenever indicated. The value of these two tests in CSF analysis has been contradictory in the literature, especially in patients with meningitis who received antibiotic therapy before the lumbar puncture was carried out. 1-10 The clinical usefulness of these tests should, therefore, be reassessed in light of the local epidemiology, immunization programs (Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib] and Neisseria meningitidis) and the cost containment imperatives that all health care systems are currently encountering. We undertook to assess the clinical usefulness of CSF BADT and Gram's stain studies in children diagnosed as having meningitis in our institution, focusing on the bacterial cases and on all those who had been treated with antibiotics prior to lumbar puncture.


The components to be separated carry out interaction processes in the drift tube (5) of the ion mobility spectrometer with specifically selected particles, in particular enantiomeric collision molecules, which are supplied to a gas inlet (8), in such a way that they exhibit different rates of mobility during their drift from the analysis sample inlet (1) through the drift tube (5) to an ion collector (7). This enables the ions to be detected in the ion collector (7) in a time-delayed manner.


Electrodes for interfacing implantable electronics and neural tissue are of great importance to gain a better understanding of the nervous system and to help people suffering from impaired body functions due to nerve lesions or lost organ functionality. In particular, neurostimulation techniques for bioelectronic medicine rely on the development of mechanically and electrochemically stable electrodes. While contemporary electrodes are based mainly on metals, new materials are being designed to enhance the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the interface. In this work, a nerve interface based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is fabricated and investigated. The fabrication process relies on the selective vacuum filtration of CNT suspensions through a printed wax pattern. The mechanical and electrochemical stability of the nerve interface was validated by 10 000 stretching cycles up to 20% strain and >4 × 106 biphasic stimulation pulses with 32 μC cm−2 per phase. The feedline resistance and electrode impedance showed only minor alterations after the stress tests. The functionality of the nerve interface was demonstrated by successful stimulation of the central nerve cord of a horse leech applying stimulation conditions within the water window of the CNT/PDMS electrodes. This work shows the practical usability of CNT/PDMS composites as electrodes and feedlines in peripheral nerve interfaces for future neuroprosthetic devices.


This paper introduces the operating principle and traditional design methods of broadband quadrature modulator.In the broadband satellite communication system,the orthogonality deviation will influence significantly the transmission quality of modulation signals.In order to solve this problem,by using such technical methods as impedance matching,differential signal transmission,and interface level power control,this paper puts forward the optimization design scheme for peripheral circuit of passive nonlinearity devices.As a result,the EMV value of modulation signal is increased more than 7%,the performance index of broadband quadrature modulator is improve significantly,and the application range of broadband quadrature modulator on local oscillator power and baseband signal power is extended.