A major focus in studies of multivariate evolution is on trying to understand the biological and evolutionary forces that shape patterns of covariance between organismal traits. This is particularly true with respect to studies concerned with the topics of phenotypic integration and modularity (see Chernoff and Magwene 1999, for a review). In a recent paper published in Systematic Biology on the topic of modularity and integration, Mitteroecker and Bookstein (2007) reviewed the use of "Wrightstyle" factor analysis to characterize and study patterns of morphological integration. These authors compared their preferred approach with a number of frameworks that previous investigators have employed to address similar questions. Among the methods that Mitteroecker and Bookstein comment on is an approach, described in Magwene (2001), for studying modularity and integration using Gaussian graphical models (GGMs). Mitteroecker and Bookstein (hereafter M&B) assert that the methods described in Magwene (2001) are unsuitable for the study of morphological integration because they are only applicable to modules with 2 variables. In their words "Magwene's example ...a ccidentally worked because all modules consisted of two variables only." Below I demonstrate that M&B's assertion is incorrect and there is no inherent limitation in terms of the size of the modules that can be distinguished using the GGM approach. I discuss conditional independence relationships and briefly describe what might be termed a "Wright-style" approach based on graphical modeling. I also highlight a number of recent biological applications of graphical modeling.


Background: Base deficit level has been the commonly used biochemical marker during trauma resuscitation. However, there has been evidence suggesting that blood lactate level may not correlate with that of base deficit and may have better prognostic value in predicting the need for massive transfusion and mortality. We hypothesised that these two biochemical parameters may have different predictive profile. This study is designed to test their respective predictive profile with respect to massive transfusion requirement. Objective: To compare the predictive strength of admission blood lactate level with that of base deficit for massive transfusion requirement and mortality in trauma patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory variables in trauma registry of a trauma centre in Hong Kong. Comparison between the predictive profile of blood lactate and base deficit in massive transfusion requirement was performed by sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUC). The secondary outcome, in-hospital mortality, was compared by AUC. Results: Performance of early blood lactate level in predicting massive transfusion requirement was comparable to that of base deficit in terms of accuracy (83% vs. 84.3%) using cut off values from previous studies i.e. >5 mmol/L; and was better in terms of AUC (0.824 vs. 0.775), although the difference was not statistically significant (p value 0.107). Regarding the secondary outcome, blood lactate was superior to base deficit in predicting mortality. Conclusions: Early blood lactate predicts massive transfusion requirement as good as base deficit in trauma patients and better in predicting mortality. Early blood lactate sampling may be considered for replacing base deficit in the initial trauma resuscitation for both massive transfusion and mortality prediction and guidance of ongoing resuscitation.


Essential oils are aromatic compounds widely used in the perfumery, pharmaceutical and food industries. There are several methods to extract essential oils and extracts. These methods include distillation, pressure or scraping, pressing and razor technique, headspace solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME), solvent extraction, extraction by bioactive hydrolyzing enzymes, and CO2 extraction. The aim of this study was to investigate the amounts of active ingredients of essential oils of medicinal plants Ziziphus nummularia and Ziziphus spina-christi by HS-SPME so that it can more easily move towards production of effective herbal remedies by identifying the main and active ingredients of the plants. The main chemical compound of Z. spina-christi essential oil was found to be trans-caryophyllene (17.31%), followed by alpha-pinene (15.50%), beta-caryophyllene (10.86%), and beta-pinene (7.32%). The main compound of Z. nummularia essential oil was tetradecane (16.76%), followed by hexadecane (9.35%), dl-limonene (5.75%), cyclohexan-1-ol, 3 meth (5.54%), trans-caryophyllene (5.47%), and beta-myrcene (5.28%). Chemical compounds of Ziziphus spina-christi included carbobicyclic or bicycleheptane, sesquiterpenes derived from germacrene, bicyclic monoterpenes, and monoterpenes, while the main compounds of Z. nummularia included monoterpenes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkane hydrocarbons, primary terpene compounds, and decarbonated alcohol. Identification of chemical and biological constituents of essential oils of medicinal plants is a valuable way to identify medicinal compounds that can be used to treat diseases by combining the traditional effects and the main compounds in the experimental pharmacy studies.


An optical transmitter having a quantum-well (QW) modulator and a method of operating the same. The QW modulator is configurable to perform both amplitude and phase modulation. Using the disclosed methods, the length of the QW modulator, one or more drive voltages, and/or an operating wavelength can be selected to enable the optical transmitter to generate a modulated optical signal having a relatively high bit rate, e.g., an optical duobinary signal having a bit rate greater than about 80 Gb/s.


List of figures Acknowledgements Abbreviations and conventions Prologue: context and meaning in Guillaume de Machaut's musical works Part I. Reims and its Music: Cathedral, City, Archdiocese: 1. Guillaume de Machaut in Reims 2. Canonical affirmation and resistance in Machaut's motets 18 and 19 Part II. Turned-About Love Songs: 3. Machaut's motets 1-17 and the medieval mystical tradition 4. The beginning of love's journey 5. The middle of love's journey: the struggle with sin 6. The end of love's journey: union with the beloved Part III. Music of War, Kingship and Final Things: 7. Machaut's late motets and the Hundred Years War in Reims 8. Machaut's David Hocket and the coronation of Charles V (1364) 9. Machaut's Mass of Our Lady and composer remembrance through music Epilogue: context, meaning and artistry in Machaut's music Appendix A: documents Appendix B: texts and translations of Machaut's motets Appendix C: manuscripts consulted for the musical examples Notes Bibliography Index of works by Machaut Index of manuscripts General index.


The Swedish double mutation (KM670/671NL) of amyloid precursor protein (Swe-APP) is associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) and increases amyloid beta peptide production. Although APP/Aβ mediated neurotoxicity is observed both in vitro and in vivo, the relationship between mutant APP expression, Aβ production, and neuronal death observed in the brains of FAD patients remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of Swe-APP-induced cell death in HEK293 and NGF-differentiated PC 12 cells. We found that the expression of Swe-APP induced cytochrome C relase, activation of caspase 3 in HEK 293 and NGF-differentiated PC 12 cells. We also show that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected in Swe-APP expressing HEK 293 cells and NGF-differentiated PC 12 cells and that pretreatment with vitamine E attenuated the cellular death, cytochrome C release induced by Swe-APP expression, indicating the involvement of free radical in these processes. These results suggest one of possible apoptotic mechanisms of Swe-APP which could occur through cytochrome C release from mitochondria and this apoptosis inducing effects could be at least in part, due to ROS generation by Swe-APP expression.


To determine the tension softening curve of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), direct tensile tests were performed. From the results of these tests, bilinear model was assumed for the tension softening curve. Using a non-linear finite element method analysis was performed and experimental results of the bending test were closely reproduced. Then, a method was proposed for determining the tension softening curve using the results of the bending test. This method focuses on the correlation between experimental load-displacement curve and the tension softening curve, derives the tension softening curve from the equilibrium equations crack cross section.


A high ethanol-degradation strain was screened out from acescent vinasse and its culture conditions were optimize.The strain was identified through analyzing its morphological and physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence.Then its ethanol-degradation capability was improved by orthogonal tests.In our study,Acetobacter pasteurianus Ⅶ with its ethanol-degradation capability as 0.72 mL/d was screened out from acescent vinasse,and its optimum culture mediums were composed of 0.5 % beef extract,1.0 % peptone,0.3 % NaCl,8 % absolute ethyl alcohol(V/V),0.1 % K2HPO4·3H2O,0.05% MgSO4·7H2O,and 0.001 % FeSO4·7H2O,and pH value was 7.0.After a period of ethanol domestication,the ethanol-degradation capability of such strain could enhance to 2.3 mL/d.


Two apparent features can be recognized at signalized intersections in Chinese cities: green signal countdown device has been increasingly used and that cycle lengths are often set long at major intersections. The objective of this study is to analyze the two features on queue discharge patterns and discuss its implications on capacity estimation. Eleven through-ahead lanes at five typical large intersections in China were observed and 9,251 high-accuracy saturation headways were obtained as valid samples. The statistical analyses indicate that the discharge process of queuing vehicles can be divided into three distinct stages according to discharge flow rate: a start-up stage, a stable stage and a rising stage. The average time for queuing vehicles to reach a stationary saturation flow rate, i.e., the start-up stage, was found to be approximately 20-30s, which seemed to be affected by the green signal countdown type. The rising stage usually occurs during the phase transition period. The finding is against the conventional assumption that the discharge rate reaches maximum value after the fourth vehicle is discharged and then maintains constant during the green time until the queue is completely dissolved. Based on the identified queue discharge patterns, the capacity estimation errors might come up with the conventional methods are discussed through a comparative study and a sensitivity analysis. In addition, a piece-wise linear regression method was proposed in order to reduce such errors. The results show that the proposed method should be given a prior consideration to estimate capacity when intersections implemented green signal countdown devices with long cycle lengths in China.


Results on a comparison of recognition techniques for on-line recognition of handwritten Latin alphabets are presented. The emphasis is on an adaptive classii-cation strategy introduced in this paper. The classiication strategy is based on compressing or distilling a large database of handwritten characters to a small set of character prototypes. The distillation is performed as a clustering procedure to which the number of clusters are given for each character class. Each user's personal characters are then added to this set as they become available. The classiication decision uses the 1-Nearest Neighbor (1-NN) rule for the distances between the unknown character and the stored prototypes. The distances are calculated using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). The beneets of the proposed method include the automatic unsupervised learning from user input simultaneously with the normal mode of operation. The presented experiments show that the recognition system is able to adapt to the user's writing style with only a very few { say some tens of { handwritten characters.


Submitted for the MAR10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Strain Dependence of Microscopic Parameters for Growth of Ag on Ag(100) CHRISTIAN RATSCH, UCLA — Many technologically relevant system have strain (due a lattice mismatch between different materials), and such strain is often the driving force behind the formation and self-organization of quantum dots and other nano-scale structures. It is therefore of paramount importance to understand and to be able to model growth of strained system. Some previous studies have discussed the strain dependence of adatom diffusion for a number of systems. In this talk, we will present density-functional theory calculations that examine the effect of strain on a number of microscopic growth parameters, such as diffusion, dissociation of small islands, detachment of adatoms from islands, and diffusion of adatoms along island edges. We will use growth of Ag on Ag(100) as our model system. We will then illustrate in growth simulations that employ the level-set technique how such strain dependence of microscopic parameters affects the ordering during growth. Christian Ratsch UCLA Date submitted: 19 Nov 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


Large equipment items, such as distillation column systems, compressors, or major pressure vessels, are commonly protected by multiple pressure relief devices mounted on a common inlet manifold. In selecting this type of design, the potential exists to inadvertently overlook the flow characteristics associated with such a common inlet manifold. The methodology discussed in this paper should effectively model flow through multiple pressure relief devices mounted on common inlet manifolds. This approach ensures accurate representation of flow through each pressure relief device while avoiding the potential pitfalls of taking shortcuts by only analyzing flow through one device.


Abstract A novel liposomal nanocomposite with biocompatibility and conductivity, Au@ILs-polysome, was fabricated and first utilized as the electrode material to immobilize the redox enzyme glucose oxidase (GOD) for the sensitive determination of glucose. Ionic liquids (ILs)-based polysome (ILs-polysome) was prepared via the radical polymerization of ILs based liposome (ILs-liposome) and improved by ion exchange with chloroauric acid to prepare Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) modified ILs based polysome (Au@ILs-polysome). The morphology, surface properties, and structure of Au@ILs-polysome were characterized; the results suggest that the nanocomposite exhibited excellent stability on the surface of solid electrodes without fusion. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated that the nanocomposite had enhanced conductivity. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) shows that the direct electron transfer of GOD was achieved on the GOD/Au@ILs-polysome/GCE electrode since the Au@ILs-polysome provided a biocompatible microenvironment that made the immobilized enzyme stay natural and active. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) demonstrates that the GOD/Au@ILs-polysome/GCE electrode exhibited improved electrocatalytic activity compared with the GOD/ILs-polysome/GCE electrode. The electrochemical sensor exhibited a low detection limit of 0.02 mM, high sensitivity of 32.52 µA mM−1 cm−2, high selectivity toward glucose, and good stability. The practical application of the sensor was verified by the determination of glucose in human serum. The multi-component liposomal nanocomposites possess universal significance in protein-based direct electrochemical devices while offering a facile route to fabricating a highly sensitive glucose sensor for practical clinical diagnosis.


Abstract The publication of the Brundtland report has stimulated the quest for the holy grail of sustainable development. In the UK, a focus for the economic analysis of this subject has been provided by the Pearce report. One strand of analysis is concerned with policy and project appraisal which in turn is the subject of the Department of the Environment's guide Policy Appraisal and the Environment. This paper provides some of the background and discusses some of the distributional issues not addressed in the guide.


Candida auris is a rapidly emerging global public health concern. The increasing mortality in immunocompromised patients is mostly attributed to the rise of drug-resistant clinical isolates. Low bioavailability and toxicity of the existing antifungals further exacerbate the condition. Unfolded protein response (UPR) has been linked to fungal pathogenesis in previous studies. In this study the two hallmark proteins of the UPR pathway, Hac1p and Ire1p, were targeted to identify novel antifungals. Different phytochemicals showing various therapeutic potential were selected. Using various bioinformatics tools, the molecular property, bioactivity, toxicity, drug-likeness of these compounds were determined. The compounds showing the best properties were analyzed for their ability to interact with UPR proteins by molecular docking study. Finally, the molecular dynamics simulation analysis was performed to determine the stability of the interactions between the phytochemicals and the target protein. Flinderole-B, Drummondin-E, Betulinic acid, Ursolic acid, Oleanolic acid, Stigmasterol showed good drug-likeness scores. They were also found to be non-carcinogenic, and non-toxic; and followed Lipinski's rule of five. Based on the simulation analysis Betulinic acid showed the best potential to target Hac1p while Drummondin-E showed the best potential to target Ire1p. Betulinic acid and Drummondin E could be potential inhibitors of the UPR pathway in C. auris. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to corroborate their antifungal potential.


Computer models of the performance of heat pumps and of individual components are described; preliminary results from system improvement studies using these models are presented. The system model which is based on the underlying physical principles, rather than empirical data, uses a calculational scheme used previously by Hiller and Glicksman. It is generalized so that it may be used to calculate performance and efficiency over a broad range of operating conditions. Its intended use is the investigation of changes in system performance brought about by modifications of the individual components, and to aid in gaining detailed understanding of the interactions between components. Examples of predicted improvements in performance based on the use of these programs are presented. New heat exchanger models, based on a tube-by-tube computational approach, may be used by the system model when appropriate. In these models, the thermal and fluid flow performance of each tube in the heat exchanger is computed individually using local temperatures and heat transfer coefficients. Tube circuiting sequences may be specified by the user, the joining or branching of parallel refrigerant circuits is accommodated, and appropriate mixing expressions are used. Air-side correlations for any surface geometry may be specified. Comparison of calculated andmore » observed performance parameters for heat exchangers in the laboratory are shown.« less


In this paper, we demonstrate the effect of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on lymphoma and normal blood mononuclear cells. Results indicates enhanced level of reactive oxygen species in U937 cells, which presented a compromised redox status evident from increased NADP+/NADPH levels, reduced GSH/GSSG ratios and decreases in the total endogenous antioxidant activity of cells. A plasma treatment drastically reduces cell viability, causing more severe damage to DNA and mitochondria, as determined by means of apoptosis indicators and related genes expression. Taken together, these findings indicate a significant level of apoptosis in plasma-treated lymphoma cells. This report lends insight into progress toward an appropriate therapy for blood cancers using non-thermal DBD plasma.


Today, social media has become a self-representation and a form of existence for teenagers. One of the platforms that is currently popular is Instagram. These teenagers are aware that Instagram can affect their self-image, so in some cases they choose to share their stories and complaints with alternative Instagram accounts, in order to maintain their self-image. This study uses a qualitative method with a theoretical approach to Goffman's Dramaturgy. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the informants created other Instagram accounts with the aim of being a place to complain, a place for collecting college assignments, and various other personal interests, because on their main account they use photos and their real names which are used as imaging.


The aim is the design of an IDDX sensor integrated within the Circuit Under Test (CUT). Its function is transparent because its power consumption does not affect the behavior of the CUT. This transducer is fast, accurate, linear and small for its possible duplication in the CUT. It does not need a specific power supply, and this power supply should be cut to inhibit the IDD function whenever the CUT is in normal use. In response to a Heaveside signal, a rise time lower than 1ns was chosen. The desired IDD range is 0 to 10mA. This work is not a new approach of fault detection but shows the application of new means for static and dynamic measurements of IDD.


actions of D2-like receptors in the rat cortico-striato-globus pallidus disynaptic connection in vitro. The cerebral cortex, the neo-striatum (Str), and the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) form a cortico-Str-GPe disynaptic connection, which is one of the major connections in the basal ganglia circuitries and a target of dopamine modulation. The aim of this study was to examine the actions of D2-like dopamine receptors (D2LRs) in this connection using rat brain slice preparations. Electrical stimulation of the frontal cortex evoked disynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in cesium-filled GPe neurons voltage-clamped at 0 mV. The IPSCs evoked by threshold stimulation were small, Ͻ10 pA. Bath or local applications of the D2LR agonist quinpirole to Str decreased the amplitude of the cortical stimulation-induced IPSCs. Electrical stimulation of Str evoked monosynaptic IPSCs in GPe neurons. Local application of quinpirole to GPe decreased the Str stimulation-induced IPSCs. Bath application of quinpirole decreased the frequency of large miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) that were considered to be evoked by local collateral axons of GPe neurons. These results suggested that activation of D2LRs decrease the gain of the cortico-Str-GPe disynaptic connection, with the decrease attributed to activation of D2LRs in Str and GPe, and that both Str-GPe and GPe-GPe GABAergic inhibitions are under the control of presynaptic D2LRs. The cerebral cortex, the neostriatum (Str), and the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) form a cortico-Str-GPe disynaptic connection. This disynaptic connection might play a significant role in motor control in normal and in pathological conditions such as Parkinson's disease because GPe projects to most of basal ganglia nuclei and controls their level and pattern of firing activity (Bolam et al. The connection is a target for dopamine modulation because significant changes in GPe activity take place in parkinsonian patients and in experimental Various studies have suggested that nigral dopaminergic projections to Str and GPe modulate the activity of the cortico-Str-GPe connection in a rather complex manner. We intended to clarify some of issues regarding the actions of D2-like (mostly D2 and D4) dopamine receptors (D2LRs) in the connection. In Str, two opposing actins of D2LRs are possible, and in GPe, two types of GABAergic axons can be modulated by D2LRs, as summarized below. and GPe-GPe synapses. The second aim of this study was to study this issue using whole cell patch-clamp recording from GPe neurons in rat brain slice preparations. The costs of publication of this article …


Ion laser plasma tubes have been designed and tested in which the major cause of deterioration is eliminated and laser efficiency is improved. Ion bombardment of the walls of the discharge bore is eliminated by electrical means. The walls of the discharge bore are maintained at a positive potential with respect to the laser plasma.


This paper consolidates the data, analysis and observations from a case study conducted in cooperation with the Smart Grid Gotland project. The analysis identifies how electrical power consumption interacts with distributed electricity generation such as wind and solar power and presents how it correlates to weather data and smart grid solutions. The analysis model developed based on the Gotland network is generic and hence can be functional in investigating other power networks of different size, voltage level and structures. The key observations from the study of smart grid solutions such as dynamic load capacity and energy storage solutions are specified. Based on the project, an overview of future risks and opportunities of smart grid systems is presented.


If a government structure has not changed much in its deep, vertical layering, government have not fully performed their functions in public management and administrative efficiency. Governmental organization reform, in the future, needs to aim at deducing vertical layers and actualize government management in a flat-styled manner. The model of flat-styled management is the primary model to be actualized in the future in government reform and the change of government functions. The process of implementation must be steady and in steps.


The objective of this article is to present a successful program that built a National Innovation Network based in the University Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs), incubators and science parks.The University Technology Enterprise Network (UTEN), which was launched in March 2007, includes 15 Portuguese Universities and select international partners in a 5-Year program funded by the Portuguese government. The main objective has been to accelerate the development of a sustainable, globally competitive, professional technology transfer and commercialization network within Portugal to increase Portugal's international competitiveness in university–based science, and technology transfer and commercialization. We argue that all initiatives taken place in the project have gotten UTEN network presently run in the Open Innovation paradigm fostered mostly by the TTOs and their own networks and officers. Science and technology based entrepreneurship was increasingly seen as a key element of Portugal's ability to grow and prosper (UTEN, 2012). Research universities had worked to foster a range of technology transfer and commercialization activities and offices, together with industrial liaison programs, mostly devoted to fostering entrepreneurial environments, launching technology based start-ups, and bringing ideas from the laboratory to the market. UTEN was created to synergize this growth and stimulate new competencies in international technology transfer and commercialization to facilitate industry access to leading markets worldwide. In other words, UTEN is the living example of an Innovation network - an Open Innovation Network launched to contribute to build the necessary relationships between all actors, giving them the necessary knowledge to play their roles. This working paper shows the actions taken to construct UTEN and improve the Portuguese Innovation Ecosystem. These actions follows the patterns observed in other studies – essentially those ones from Resende et al, 2013; McAdam et al., 2012; Philpott et al., 2011; Todorovic et al., 2011; Rogers, 2002; Rogers et al., 2001; Rogers et al., 2000 and Gibson and Rogers, 1994.We have collected data that shows the success of the program based on the results of the first five years of the project.


Objective To evaluate the effect of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on differentiation and maturation of murine fetal hepatic stem cells. Methods ED13 Sprague-Dawley (SD) fetal rat liver cells were isolated by collagenase digestion technique and cultured under different conditions (groupⅠ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ).aFGF and HGF were used in group Ⅰ, aFGF in group Ⅱ, HGF in group Ⅲ, and group Ⅳ was used as the control.The AFP and ALB in culture matrix were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the expression of CK-19 was observed by immunocytochemical technique. Results The values of AFP in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were lower than those in the control group (group Ⅳ), while ALB were higher (AFP: t=6.264, 3.221, 2.591, P0.05;ALB: t=6.324, 2.145, 2.954, P0.05).AFP and ALB in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ showed no significant difference (AFP: t=0.501, P0.05;ALB: t=0.616, P0.05).AFP in group Ⅳ was higher than that in group Ⅱor Ⅲ, but ALB was lower (AFP: t=3.221, 2.591, P0.05;ALB: t=2.145, 2.954, P0.05).The CK-19 + cells were over 50% in all samples, and they were over 90% in 22 samples (73.33%). Conclusion It is feasible to isolate the hepatic stem cells from ED13 fetal rat liver by collagenase digestion technique.It is proved that both aFGF and HGF can precipitate hepatic stem cells to differentiate into mature hepatocytes, and there is synergistic action between them.


In Moscow, May 21-23, was the exhibition "Meat Industry. Chicken King in 2013. "Ground for it, as always was the exhibition center "Crocus Expo". The exhibition differs favorably by its range of areas of the food business and food engineering


Seismic moment tensors are estimated for earthquakes offshore Northern California and Greece using inversion of regionally recorded broadband seismograms. This study includes inversion results for the strongest events that occurred inside the Gorda plate and near the Mendocino triple junction from 1991 to 2005. The regional results are in good agreement with obtained teleseismic results. We finally applied the moment tensor inversion methodology and validation mainly to moderate sized earthquakes, with magnitude greater than M~4.0, in the Aegean area. The focal mechanisms of HI earthquakes that occurred during the time period between June 2003 and March 2007 were estimated using this procedure.


Traditional object detection algorithms and strategies are difficult to meet the requirements of data processing efficiency, performance, speed and intelligence in object detection. Through the study and imitation of the cognitive ability of the brain, deep learning can analyze and process the data features. It has a strong ability of visualization and becomes the mainstream algorithm of current object detection applications. Firstly, we have discussed the developments of traditional object detection methods. Secondly, the frameworks of object detection (e.g. Region-based CNN (R-CNN), Spatial Pyramid Pooling Network (SPP-NET), Fast-RCNN and Faster-RCNN) which combine region proposals and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are briefly characterized for optical remote sensing applications. You only look once (YOLO) algorithm is the representative of the object detection frameworks (e.g. YOLO and Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD)) which transforms the object detection into a regression problem. The limitations of remote sensing images and object detectors have been highlighted and discussed. The feasibility and limitations of these approaches will lead researchers to prudently select appropriate image enhancements. Finally, the problems of object detection algorithms in deep learning are summarized and the future recommendations are also conferred.


RESULTS The failure rate of CTO PCI was 10.5 % cases .The causes of failure were found to be most commonly coronary guide wire could not cross the lesion, balloon Uncrossable lesions followed by unable to deploy stent due to no satisfactory TIMI (less than TIMI III) flow. In 35 patients (7.99) coronary guide wire could not able to cross the lesion. The balloon uncross able lesions were found in 29 (7.19 %) patients. The involved vessels were most commonly RCA in 14 patients (48.27 %) followed by LCx in 8 patients (27.58%) and LAD in 7 patients(24.13 %). In four patients (0.9 %) unable to deploy the stent due to long dissection; small vessels, diffuse disease, unyielding lesions and achieved flow less than TIMI III . The various techniques to increase guiding catheter support and to modify the lesion were considered in balloon uncross able lesions. We successfully facilitated the balloon and achieved adequate lesion dilatation in 22 patients (75.86 %) out of 29 patients. All the cases of CTO PCI were done with guiding catheters of 7, 8 Fr size with good back up support as per decided as initial strategy. In spite of all these various techniques, in 7 patients (24.12 %) lesions were resistant to cross with the balloon. The lesion site calcification was invariable present in all patients. The tortuosity at lesion site was noticed in 5 patients (1.45%). Even with all strategies resistant balloon Uncrossable lesions to leading to CTO PCI failure were observed in 1.59 % of total cases.


Prospective study on the comparison of mydiriatic effect of Tropicamide 0.8% and Phenylephrine 5% in teenagers and geriatric people was carried out in suthrama Eye Hospital madanapalle, India. The main objective of this study was to compare the mydriatic effect of a combination of drug in teenagers and geriatric people. It also evaluated the ADR's produced and the efficacy of the drug in two age groups. In this study population majority of the subjects were female in group A and male in group B. Among the whole population under study in group A and B no one has reported with any case of congenital anomalies. A number of ADR's are reported but no serious adverse events had occurred. The study was carried out in 100 eyes ie. 50 subjects whom are divided into 2 groups based on age. The comparison of mydriatic effect was done in each group after instilling one drop of a combination of 0.08% Tropicamide and 0.5% Phenynilephrine. The pupillary size where measured before and after administration of drug and the results were compared. The results showed that there is a large difference in the normal pupil size between teenagers and geriatric people. After dilation the difference in pupil size was statistically significant among the two groups. The study concludes that the pupillary dilation produced by administering 0.8% Tropicamide and 5% Phenylephrine produces higher mydriatic effect in teenagers than geriatric people.


Epoch developments is followed by technological developments. One of the phenomenon happened in society is the appearance of social media which have an important role in society, including business. Social media becomes a tool to improving brand awareness. Brand awareness is an important thing for every business, especially hotel business.
 Percy (1987) said brand awareness is an important thing because without it, there is no communication and transaction. Brand awareness become a guarantee for a concumer to getting a quality as they expect for. If they meet their expetations, it will trigger them to having a proudness as a consumer.
 This research was made to knowing the role of social media for a hotel business. This is a qualitative descriptive reserach with doing some interviews and observation. This research shows that social media has a big impact for a hotel business. Brand awareness also has an important role to guarantee the quality of the product. In digital era, brand awareness can be improved by many ways of marketing, including social media. A high quality of a brand giving a proudness to the consumer when they use it and it also trigger them to giving a positive feedback.


This study,combining with the new high school English curriculum standards,analyze practical problems existing in teaching of high school English and the causes,pertinently puts forward the feasible countermeasures on effective teaching in high school English classrooms.This not only promotes the sound development of high school English teaching,but also promotes the teaching strategy researches of other disciplines in high school education stage and provides important reference value for them.


The measurement of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is the new modality of strict supervised monitoring of critical patients. The IAP can be related with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartmental syndrome (ACS), the last year has been associated with increased mortality in the critical care units. In the last few years, there has been more research of the physiopathology of ACS. This has improved the early and prompt diagnosis and the treatment with decompressive laparotomy. In the clinical foundation Medica Sur ICU we have developed a device for the routine measurement of IAP in our patients witch put us as a state of the art unit. This device has improved the quality and security of the ICU patients. The primary point of this study is to review current concepts related with IAH and ACS, and to reply to the scientific community the research and innovations bring by our ICU.


Significance The so-far-unknown 2D ferroelectric assemblies of dipolar molecular rotors would be of considerable interest for miniaturization of analog electronics. We have prepared a monolayer of such rod-shaped rotors on an aqueous surface and used grazing-incidence X-ray scattering to determine that its structure meets theoretical requirements for ferroelectricity perfectly. The dipoles, averaged between the three nearest neighbors, stand 0.83 nm apart in a horizontal triangular grid and their rotation axes are vertical. One deck of interlocked triptycenes is located above and one below the dipoles, and on the average seven molecules of water are present near each dipole. It remains to be seen whether the structure can be transferred to an insulator surface undisturbed and is indeed ferroelectric. In situ grazing-incidence X-ray scattering shows that a monolayer of artificial rod-shaped dipolar molecular rotors produced on the surface of an aqueous subphase in a Langmuir trough has a structure conducive to a 2D ferroelectric phase. The axes of the rotors stand an average of 0.83 nm apart in a triangular grid, perpendicular to the surface within experimental error. They carry 2,3-dichlorophenylene rotators near rod centers, between two decks of interlocked triptycenes installed axially on the rotor axle. The analysis is based first on simultaneous fitting of observed Bragg rods and second on fitting the reflectivity curve with only three adjustable parameters and the calculated rotor electron density, which also revealed the presence of about seven molecules of water near each rotator. Dependent on preparation conditions, a minor and variable amount of a different crystal phase may also be present in the monolayer.


All the treatments significantly reduced powdery mildew intensity and increased the test weight and seed yield of mungbean over unsprayed control. Karathane 48 EC (@ 0.1%) was most effective, recording least mean powdery mildew intensity (15.14%) and highest grain yield (1425 kg/ha) and test weight (58.00 g). The second and third best effective fungicides were Contaf (@ 0.1%) and Calixin (@ 0.1%), which recorded mean disease intensity of 18.43 and 18.99 per cent, respectively and were at par. Botanical NSKE and plain water also recorded comparatively minimum disease intensity of 33.47 and 32.51 per cent, respectively over unsprayed control (54.65%). Cost benefit ratio showed that all the treatments were economical although Sulfex was most economical with C: B ratio of 1:21.11 followed by botanical NSKE (1:12.76), Contaf (1:7.83), plain water (1:7.61) and Calixin (1:7.28).


Elaeagnus rhamnoides berries contain significant amounts of bioactive vitamins, lipids, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. They are widely used as an ingredient in functional products, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical formulations to prevent and treat cardiovascular, stomach, skin, and liver diseases. Natural sea buckthorn populations are widespread in Kazakhstan. Data on phytochemical and diagnostic indicators are absent for E. rhamnoides growing in Kazakhstan. In this work, seaberry from Kazakhstan was surveyed for diagnostic indicators, lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds. Analyses were conducted for main diagnostic indicators of leaves and fruits by standard microtechniques; fatty acid profiles by gas-chromatography; β-carotene by HPLCPDA; vitamin C and B by capillary electrophoresis, and pectin substances by titration. The main diagnostic indicators of leaves were stomatal anomocytic complex; corymbose and stellate hairs; conductive bundle - closed collateral; fruits - secretory passages and conducting bundles of a spiral type in the pulp parenchyma, and a large amount of fatty oil and aleuron grains in the embryo. In the oil from berry pulp/peel, the dominating fatty acids were palmitoleic and palmitic (28.53 and 30.03 %, respectively). Sea buckthorn seed oil, with its high a-linolenic levels and a near 1:1 ratio of ω-6:ω-3 fatty acids, represented a very balanced source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for human health and nutrition. β-Carotene content was 7.75 mg per kg, pectin substances – 3.27 %. In addition, the berries were rich in vitamins B complex (0.0035-0.014 mg/100g) and vitamin C (0.21 mg/100g). This work constitutes the first approach on knowledge about the phytochemical profile of Elaeagnus rhamnoides fruits from Kazakhstan and provides arguments multiple using of E. rhamnoides, both for fresh consumption and for industrial preparations in the form of jams and related products (functional multivitamin food) as well as byproducts (seeds) as raw materials for the production of oils suitable to be marketed by the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries.


Workshops and seminars to expose different sectors of the professional community to the principles and applications of behavior modification are briefly discussed. The possible misapplication of procedures by conference participants, whose only exposure to behavioral methods has been at these workshops is viewed as a potentially serious ethical issue. It is suggested that the goals of such seminars and workshops must be clarified, and methods of evaluation of the participants' skills devised, lest we contribute to the misapplication of procedures and to the criticism that behavioral methods are unethical approaches to treatment.


India and China,two emerging developing countries,play similar roles in the international communities,and also face many common problems and challenges.This article focuses on how India treats the rising of China ,analyzes the causes of these ideas and Indian-related behavior may be affected by this concept.


The resistivity rho of thin tungsten and molybdenum single-crystal plates has been studied at low temperatures (4.2--60 /sup 0/K). It is found that the interaction of conduction electrons with the metal boundaries is important in determining rho/sub d/(T) when the size effect is significant. The experimental data are used to evaluate the probability of specular reflection of electrons at the surface as a function of angle of incidence.


Outline: Economic Progress, Structural Change, and Labor Market Dynamics Labor Market Dynamics and Economic Theory: Explaining Unemployment Analyzing Labor Market Dynamics: A Conceptual Framework Job Boom and Job Decline: Global Economic Trends in the United States and Germany Labor Market Dynamics in the United States Labor Market Dynamics in the Germany Conclusions for Labor Market Theories and Employment Policies Bibliography Name Index Subject Index


The notions of law variance and law collision, their correlation, dynamics of these phenomena, ways of overcoming and prevention were examined.


Growth hormone (GH) consists of several isoforms. We have studied the proportion, expressed as percentage of total GH concentration, of non-22 kDa (non-22K) GH isoforms and 20K GH during 8-week oral treatment with MK-677 25 mg daily in 12 obese males.The proportion of non-22K GH isoforms in peak total GH samples after the initial MK-677 administration was higher than that after 2 and 8 weeks (p < 0:01 and p < 0:05, respectively). In selected non-peak total GH samples after the initial MK-677 administration, however, the proportion of non-22K GH isoforms was similar to that in the peak total GH samples after 2 and 8 weeks. The proportion of 20K GH in 2-h samples after the initial MK-677 administration was lower than that after 2 and 8 weeks (p < 0:01 and p < 0:05, respectively).We concluded that the proportion of non-22K GH isoforms was higher in peak, but not in non-peak, total GH samples after the initial MK-677 administration than that observed after multiple doses. The proportion of 20K GH in 2-h samples after the initial MK-677 administration was lower than that after 2 and 8 weeks. These moderate changes in the proportion non-22K GH isoforms are likely of small importance for the clinical response to MK-677 treatment. 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


User request (UR) service scheduling is a process that significantly impacts the performance of a cloud data center. This is especially true since essential quality-of-service (QoS) performance metrics such as the UR blocking probability as well as the data center's response time are tightly coupled to such a process. This paper revolves around the proposal of a novel Deadline-Aware UR Scheduling Scheme (DASS) that has the objective of improving the data center's QoS performance in term of the above-mentioned metrics. A minority of existing work in the literature targets the formulation of mathematical models for the purpose of characterizing a cloud data center's performance. As a contribution to covering this gap, this paper presents an analytical model, which is developed for the purpose of capturing the system's dynamics and evaluating its performance when operating under DASS. The model's results' accuracy are verified through simulations. Also, the performance of the data center achieved under DASS is compared to its counterpart achieved under the more generic First-In-First-Out (FIFO) scheme. The reported results indicate that DASS outperforms FIFO by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="khabbaz-ieq1-2481429.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$58$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="khabbaz-ieq2-2481429.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> percent in terms of the blocking probability and by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$82$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="khabbaz-ieq3-2481429.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$89$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="khabbaz-ieq4-2481429.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> percent in terms of the system's response time.


Due to the fact that all fish processing plants operating in Portugal send their sludge from the wastewater treatment process to landfill, and because it is a costly management policy, the aim of this work was to assess the potential use of this substrate for the production of biogas through the anaerobic process technology. Anaerobic digestion has long proven to be an efficient way for the production of a renewable fuel – Biogas - that can be used as a source of energy to produce electricity and heat. This renewable energy resource can be used to reduce the plant processing costs, reducing also the industry carbon footprint. So, the produced sludge becomes a valuable sub-product of the wastewater treatment process instead of being considered a waste, with disposal costs associated. In this study we performed mesophilic (35 ± 1°C) batch assays during 51 days. The inoculum used was from an anaerobic digester operating in a municipal WWTP, also at mesophilic conditions. The anaerobic digestion of the fish sludge produced 700 m 3 of CH4/ton SV, which is a really promising result.


The Ar ion has been irradiated by an ion implanter with energy of 50, 70, and 100 keV and an ion dosage was set to 1.0×1017 ion/cm2 at a beam flux of 3.7 μA/cm2. The ion irradiation decreased the initial permeability and increased the relaxation frequency, and the behavior of permeability spectra due to ion irradiation was explained with damped harmonic model of domain wall on the general basis of magnetization mechanism. The ion irradiation gives rise to a significant change on the restoring force of domain wall but minor effect on the spin rotation. The enhancement in the permeability of the amorphous ribbon upon ion irradiation leads to a parallel improvement of giant magneto impedance response of the material, which is of practical use for sensing applications.


Crustacean remains from this Bone-bed, and indeed from the Lias itself, are so rare, that I feel no apology is necessary for introducing to the notice of the Society this small Decapod, which has been kindly lent to the Geological Survey by E. Higgins, Esq., of Birkenhead.


In a landmark article in Foreign Affairs in October 1976, Amory Lovins presented his vision of two vastly different and seemingly irreconcilable paths that energy provision might take into the future. One path was a ``hard`` path, characterized by extensive development of large, capital-intensive centralized electrical generating facilities and their peripherals, designed with little consideration given to the matching of these facilities to the requirements of the end-use needs. The second, ``soft`` path was characterized by energy technologies that are diverse, operate on renewable energy flows, are relatively simple, less capital-intensive, and matched in scale and energy quality to end-use needs. One of the most controversial arguments in the Lovins` paper was that the ``hard`` and ``soft`` paths are culturally and institutionally antagonistic. In retrospect, it seems this argument was self-fulfilling, for the history of the energy debate throughout the developed world since the appearance of the Lovins` article has been marked by an either-or antagonism that has left little room for serious discussion of a ``middle-path.`` In this paper, we argue that ``middle-path,`` paved with elements of both the soft and hard, is especially suited for developing countries, since they do not now carry the burden of an existingmore » and extensive ``hard path`` energy infrastructure.« less


At the suggestion of Professor Ritchie I undertook the examination of samples of milk from the Edinburgh dairies, with a view to determine what proportion of these contained living tubercle bacilli. The method of collection was simply to send a messenger with a sterile tin for a pint of milk, which was at once brought back to the laboratory at Forrest Road and allowed to sediment overnight in a sterile separation funnel in the cold. The sediment was then withdrawn and centrifugalised. The cream and supernatant milk were poured off and the deposit, mixed with


The population demographics of the eastern U.S has changed in recent years with an increase in immigrants, particularly of Asian and Hispanic origins. This trend motivated the identification of foods preferred by these ethnic communities in 16 states in the region and Washington, D.C., focusing on greens and herbs. Over 100 ethnic greens and herbs were identified as being preferred food choices, from which 40 were selected for further study, representing 10 crops important to four ethnicities: Asian Indian, Chinese, Mexican, and Puerto Rico. Bulletin board focus group and telephone survey participants responded to questions regarding their consumption in 2010. The relevant information was collected to assess retail sales for each crop for each of the four ethnic groups. Results demonstrated that the ethnic crop demand in the eastern U.S is significant, and the prospects for future growth are promising as the population of ethnic consumers in the region is projected to continue to grow.


Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to explore perceptions by higher education (HE) senior professors and managers of their role in preparing graduates for entry to the labour market. By providing a theoretical and empirical overview of the functional role of HE institutions in preparing graduates for work, the paper designs an own research framework for future developments in this area. Design/methodology/approach - – The conclusions in the paper are based on a literature review and approximately 240 semi-structured interviews with HE professors and managers from six European countries and from six different study fields. The results are broadly compared with an international survey of graduates from 20, mainly European, countries. Findings - – The senior HE professors and managers see their own role in supporting graduates' careers in a surprisingly intuitive way. There are some important differences and similarities among the study fields, although they are generally not motivated to apply an evidence-based approach to study and programme developments. Originality/value - – This paper is based on the results of a three-year survey of the European research network, and two international conferences comprising more than 100 contributions from over 30, mainly European, countries.


A full-wave indoor propagation model based on the two-dimensional (2D) volume electric field integral equation (VEFIE) is presented. The model is discretised with the method of moments (MoM). The linear system arising from the MoM discretisation is solved with an iterative solver accelerated by using the fast Fourier transform and a reduced operator. The 2D VEFIE is validated against the analytical Mie series solution for scattering from a dielectric cylinder before being applied to a typical indoor propagation environment and compared against measurements. It is also compared against current popular empirical models and ray tracing. The ability of the frequency domain VEFIE method to produce time domain information is demonstrated with an investigation of numerical considerations that must be made.


Purpose Advances in technology enable companies to collect and analyse data, which was previously not accessible, to either enhance existing business processes or create new ones. This research attempts to document the role and impact of Big Data Analytics (BDA), and the Internet of Things (IoT), in supporting a large logistics firm's strategy to improve driver safety, lower operating costs, and reduce the environmental impact of their vehicles. Design/methodology/approach A single case with embedded units intrinsic case study method was adopted for this research, data was collected from a 'real life' situation, to create new knowledge about this emerging phenomenon. Findings Truck telematics were utilised in order to better understand, and improve, driving behaviours. Remote control centres monitor live sensor data from the company's fleet of vehicles, capturing the likes of speed, location, braking and engine data, to inform future training programs. A combination of truck telematics and geo-information...


Abstract The composition of the leaf oils of Dinosperma erythrococca showed it to be variable across its range. Several forms were found in which the principal components were: (1) geranyl acetate (80%); (2) (E)-β-ocimene (3–28%), geranyl acetate (2–32%), linalool (2–10%), β-caryophyllene (7–11%), bicyclogermacrene (2–10%) and spathulenol (1–10%); (3) spathulenol (30%), (4) both furanoid linalool oxides (5–8% total), (E)-β-ocimene (13%) and β-elemene (36.4%); (5) myrcene (13.3%), limonene (26.3%) and (E)-β-ocimene (18.5%). The leaf oils of D. stipitata were sesquiterpenoid in nature. One collection showed bicyclogermacrene (22–32%), germacrene B (11–12%) as major components, together with evodionol methyl ether (11.5%) and (E)-methyl isoeugenol (6–11%); a second collection contained no aromatic compounds and contained an unidentified hydrocarbon C15H,4 (9–26%), bicyclogermacrene (7–16%) and β-elemene (7–9%) as major components. A collection of D. melanophloia was found to contain methyl chavicol (59% and (E)-methyl isoeugenol (15%) as principal components.


The problem connected with multimedia systems deals mainly in software management of host systems. The need to guarantee the execution of the tasks involved in multimedia makes the RTOS the correct environment to work in. But the peculiarities of multimedia tasks need some modification, mainly in scheduling algorithms. A proposal of one scheduling algorithm is presented.


Kaempferia oil (Kaempferia galagal L.) in topical used known have vasorelaxan, antiinflammation and analgesic effect. The aim of this research was to know the antiinflammation effect of kaempferia oil 10% and penetration enhancer 5%(oleic acid, isopropyl myristate and menthol) in olive oil. Two cottons with carrageen 1% were implanted within the back skin of guinea pigs. Each six formulas of kaempferia oil was applied to the back skin og guinea pigs for 7 days. At day eight, the cottons were removed and dried in the oven at 1200C for 2 hours. The exudates weight between tested group compared with controlled groups. The results showed significant difference of antiinflamation effect of kaempferia oil better than betamethazone valerate as golden standard. This result indicated the promising prospect of kaempferia oil as antiinflammation agent.


This study explored the analytical conditions for 21 veterinary antibiotics which have been popularly sold in South Korea in 2014 but have not yet been targeted in EPA method 1694. Most of the selected antibiotics were separated by a reverse-phase C18 column with a combination of (buffered) water an...


Objective To study the selective infection and cytosis of gastrointestinal cancer cell lines induced by vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV),and investigate its ability as an attractive candidate for tumor therapy.Methods Four lines of gastrointestinal cancer cell lines(SW-480,HT-29,SGC-7901,BGC-823)and HUVECs were infected with VSV.After 48 hours,viability was determined by MTT assay,apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method.Results After 48 h of infection with VSV,lots of gastrointestinal cancer cells died and apoptotic cells were observed.Conclusion VSV is replication-competent oncolytic virus,it may be used in therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.


Context: Current guidelines for recovery after sport-relat- ed concussion (SRC) recommend 24 to 48 hours of rest, followed by a gradual return to activity with heart rate (HR) maintained below the symptom threshold. In addition, monitoring physical activity (PA) after SRC using ActiGraph accelerometers can provide further objective insight into the amounts of activity associated with recovery trajectories. Cutpoint algorithms for these devices allow minute-by-minute PA to be classified into intensity domains; however, research- ers have shown that different algorithms used to evaluate the same healthy participant dataset can produce various classi- fications. Objective: To identify the more physiologically appropriate cutpoint algorithm (Evenson or Romanzini) to analyze ActiGraph data among concussed adolescents in comparison with their HR responses on the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT). Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: University sport concussion clinic. Patients or Eleven (5 years], kg], involved in high-risk sports who sustained a physician-diagnosed SRC. Main algorithm PA intensity domains via ActiGraph data and HR during the BCTT. Results: We observed differences in PA time classified as moderate ( P ¼ .003) and vigorous ( P ¼ .004) intensities between algorithms but no difference in PA time classified as light intensity ( P ¼ .48). The Evenson algorithm classified most of the time as moderate-intensity PA (mean ¼ 57.03%, range ¼ 0.00%– 94.12%), whereas the Romanzini algorithm classified virtually all PA as vigorous intensity (mean ¼ 88.25%, range ¼ 2.94%– 97.06%]). Physical activity based on HR (stages 1–7 ¼ 20%– 39% HR reserve [HRR], stages 8–13 ¼ 40%–59% HRR, stages (cid:2) 14 ¼ 60%–85% HRR) indicated the BCTT primarily involved light to moderate intensity and, therefore, was better represented by the Evenson algorithm. Conclusions: The Evenson algorithm better characterized the HR response during a standardized exercise test in concussed individuals and, thus, should be used to analyze ActiGraph PA data in pediatric populations with concussion.


In order to satisfy the requirements of supporting much more octal articulation regions,tone color more purificating and pleasing,circuit realization sampler and cost performance higher of electronic piano,a digital circuit able to produce 88 electronic piano sounds on EPM1270T144 of CPLD device of Altera is designed using VHDL and filters is designed to make the output music more pleasing according to the divide of articulation region. Practice and wave simulation both show that this design has good features such as supporting the output of the 88 basic electronic piano sounds,providing the function of chord and cancelling the effect from key jitter,namely the design can well accomplish the desired function.


PROCEDURES WERE DEVELOPED FOR DETERMINING THE APPROXIMATE FLAW SIZE-STRESS LEVEL REQUIREMENTS FOR FAST FRATCURE, WHICH HAVE PROVEN USEFUL FOR ENGINEERING USAGE OF STEELS. THIS REPORT PROVIDES A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE INTERPRETABILITY OF FRACTURE MECHANICS METHODS TO FAILURE SAFE DESIGN FOR STRUCTURES OF HIGH STRENGTH STEELS SUBJECT TO SALT WATER STRESS CORROSION CRACKING. /AUTHOR/


Volume holograms have been widely used for high-density storage media and interconnections. Analysis of light diffraction from volume index gratings is important in obtaining storage and interconnection capacity limited by crosstalks caused by many superposed gratings. Until now, coupled-mode theory has been used to study light diffraction from volume gratings. However, as the number of index gratings increases, the coupled-mode equations become so complicated that it is impractical. To solve this problem, an integral equation method was proposed and it was shown to be adequate for a large number of volume index gratings. However, in the previous analysis, only TE polarizations and coplanar light and index grating wavevectors were studied. This eliminated the possibility of polarization mixing and it can not be used in real situation. In this talk, we present the results of perturbative integral expansion analysis of volume holograms which can be applied to arbitrary interaction geometries.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a correction device capable of correcting a position of an object to be printed in a lateral direction and improved compared with a prior art. SOLUTION: In the device for correcting the position of the object 1 to be printed retained by a gripper bridge 6 and conveyed in a conveying direction 2 in a lateral direction 3 by an electric linear drive device A, the linear drive device A is provided with a first primary portion AP1 and a first secondary portion AS1 arranged on the first primary portion AP1 formed as a first traveling carriage A1, and is provided with a second secondary portion AS2 formed as a second traveling carriage A2. The first traveling carriage A1 and the second traveling carriage A2 are arranged at the same side of the object 1 in the lateral direction 3, and are relatively moved in the conveying direction 2 in order to correct the position of the object 1 in the lateral direction 3. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT


Development methodologies in human computer interaction (HCI) embody unstated assumptions (implicit theories) of what is and what is not important in relation to their processes and intended products. This project aims to develop a framework for identifying implicit theories of interaction held by HCI methods used for user interface development.


The generated photovoltaic located at load center has a significant impact on feeders' voltage profile. Firstly, considering the reactive power and the line reactance, after theoretical calculation and simulation, it is proved that the influence on voltage profile of generated PV access to distribution network has a great relationship with its access position and access capacity; when there are multiple PV access to distribution network, the influence on voltage profile is different when combined capacity and location is different. Then the maximum alternative capacity at each node is calculated. Al last, it is illustrated through simulation that shunt reactor at PV node and inverter controlling can solve the voltage violation problem.


This paper introduces the elementary concept and structure of telecom data warehouse,giving an instance of account billing system prototype based on data warehouse,the example is also given to discuss and expound the key links of data warehouse.Finally it brings up the final aim of data warehouse.


We investigated the effects of solution pH on swelling characteristics and relevant hydraulic conductivity of different particle sizes of Na-bentonite which have significantly high swelling capacity. The results showed that the time taken to reach the maximum swelling indexes for all pH levels ranged from 84 hours and 156 hours for pH 6.5 or above by NaOH and pH 3.5 by HCl, respectively. The maximum swelling index slightly increased with increasing particle size, while the maximum swelling indexes were less or approximately half of that of the indigenous Na-bentonite. The changes in swelling indexes before and after solution treatment were distinctive in acidic condition, especially in pH 3.5 by HCl while there were not much differences in alkali condition. For hydraulic conductivities of fully swelled Na-bentonite in a given solution pH, elution did not occur under pressure below 1 bar. But elution started as the pressure was raised to 1.5 bars or above after 500 seconds. The stabilized hydraulic conductivities observed from 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 bars ranged from to , indicating that the hydraulic conductivities were slightly higher in acidic condition than that of normal condition.


The main goal of this Research paper is to see the simulation and performance factors of routing protocols (AODV, DSDV AND DSR) after attack in NS-2. Routing Protocols specifies how communication between two routers takes place. By this we can specify the choice of the route. We will analyze literature sources related to wireless networks simulators. We will also analyze the Network simulator ns-2 and will give its detailed Description. Therefore we can analyze the performance factors packet delay, packet loss and throughput in nodes after the Black Hole Attack. We will compare these three routing protocols by evaluating on the basis of their performance.


A considerable contribution to the worlds total GHG emission originates from gas flaring: According to a World Bank estimation an amount of around 150 billion cubic meters of natural gas is flared around the world annually, contaminating the environment with 400 million tons of CO2. This is equivalent to around 25 % of the United States' gas consumption, or 30 % of gas consumption in the European Union.


Emerging evidence indicates that psychological stress is involved in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome, which is characterized by visceral hypersensitivity and may be accompanied by gut dysbiosis. However, how such stress contributes to the development of visceral hypersensitivity is incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the influence that stress‐induced microbial changes exert on visceral sensitivity, as well as the possible underlying mechanisms associated with this effect.


Fracture mechanics has always been a major problem for the aircraft industry as designers must ensure that catastrophic events such as fuselage failure will never occur. An on going EU project, TANGO, is focused on developing and designing the next generation aircraft. Clearly damage tolerance assessments play a very important role in the design of these new structures. Thus, the work programme includes an extensive series of testing and analysis of aircraft fuselage panels containing pre-existing cracks. While briefly mentioning some of the curved panel testing work, this paper primarily describes the advanced computational analysis techniques that are used to determine stress intensity factors for the damaged panels. A hierarchical analysis strategy has been developed that uses an automated global-local approach. Results are presented for a number of the test panel configurations.


Biodegradation of dissolved constituents in groundwater is often oxygen limited. A variety of remediation systems are available that act by supplying oxygen. The potential efficacy of these systems depends on their ability to overcome in situ oxygen demand. We present methods for evaluating and comparing the oxygen supply rate of remedial technologies. Analytical methods for measuring in situ oxygen demand are also presented. Specific terminology proposed to improve the understanding of how the results of these methods can be used in the design and operation of remedial systems. The use of these concepts in the implementation of in situ chemical oxidation technologies is also discussed.


Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign disorder classified within 'non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis' mostly observed in infancy and early childhood. The diagnosis is confirmed by histopathology. Dermoscopy is a helpful tool in the diagnosis of JXG especially in unusual presentations. We report a case of JXG showing the "setting sun" dermoscopic appearance of JXG and discuss the possible differential diagnosis that may mimic this dermoscopic appearance.


I present a study estimating the amount of CP violation present in the production of charged Higgs bosons due to the presence of complex trilinear scalar couplings. I compare the results of my study with previous results for the decay. I briefly comment on the possibility of observing this CP asymmetry at the LHC.


Improving resiliency of airports and seaports can accelerate both humanitarian relief and economic and social recovery in regions struck by natural or manmade disasters. Ports are a critical element of effective disaster response, evacuation, and recovery. They are also essential to social and economic recovery following a disaster, especially on islands dependent on trade and isolated areas such as in the Latin America and the Caribbean region. The Port Resiliency Program (PReP) presents a practical framework to enhance port resiliency and improve evaluation to support continuous improvement. Approaches include analyzing strengths and weaknesses, fostering understanding, communication, and cooperation among stakeholders, caching essential resources ahead of time, building a comprehensive archive of literature, and targeting exercises to close gaps in preparedness.


Objective To investigate the risk factors for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) in cirrhotic patients with ascites.Methods 193 cirrhotic patients with ascites,who were divided into two groups,the one with SBP and the other without SBP,were included in this study.The following factors such as serum albumin,serum bilirubin,platelet count,international normalized ratio,duration of ascites complicated with or without hepatocellular carcinoma,diabetes mellitus,hepatic encephalopathy,upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage ,alcohol consumption,sex,age and cause of cirrhosis were analyzed.Results Prevalence of SBP was 30.4%(45/193).Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups with regard to serum albumin,ascites complicated with or without hepatocellular carcinoma and alcohol consumption.On the logistic regression analysis,serum albumin level and alcohol consumption were selected as significant independent factors contributing to the development of SBP(P0.05).Conclusion Low serum albumin and alcohol consumption are independently high risk factors for SBP.


The present invention relates to a mold and method for insert molding, and more particularly, to a mold and method for insert molding in which insert molding is easily performed in a state where non-oriental electrical steel sheets are adhered to each other when rotator cores accommodating permanent magnets are stacked. The insert molding mold (1000) of the present invention includes: an upper mold (1100) including a cavity plate (1110) to which a heater mounting core (1111) is installed; and a lower mold (1300) including a core plate (1310) on which a rotor core (1200) where a plurality of permanent magnets (1210) are inserted is seated, wherein a steam core mounting groove (1311) is formed in an upper portion of the core plate (1310), and a steam core (1320) in which a through hole (1321) having a diameter less than that of the steam core mounting groove (1311) to allow the rotor core to be seated at the center thereof is installed into the steam core mounting groove. Also, a flow passage (1322) surrounding the through hole (1321) to allow a high or low temperature fluid to flow therein is disposed in the steam core. Here, when the high temperature fluid flows through the flow passage (1322), the through hole and outer circumferential surface of the steam core increase in diameter, and when the low temperature fluid flows through the flow passage (1322), the through hole and outer circumferential surface of the steam core decrease in diameter. Thus, the insert molding mold (1000) may be detachable while selectively surrounding the rotor core inserted into the through hole of the steam core.


In this paper,two orthogonal experiments were conducted to optimize ISSR amplification system of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.) Koidz.Results show that the optimum concentrations of reactants in 25 μl reaction mixture were as follows: dNTP 0.3 mmol/L,Taq DNA polymerase 1.5 U,Primers 0.4 μmol/L,Mg2+ 2.5mmol/L,1×buffer and 50 ng template DNA.The optimal annealing temperature of this primer was proposed by gradient PCR at 52℃ for ISSR-PCR reaction.The result provided a standardized ISSR-PCR program for the analysis of genetic diversity of I.lacteal var.chinensis.


Boolean difference calculation have many Exclusive OR operation.To resolve this problem and to meet the requirement of high speed data processing,using FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) to generate the test set has been proposed and the whole process of fault diagnosis for a certain type of radar circuit based on this method is explained.The simulation results show that the time needed for generating the whole test set is 43 μs when the clock pulse frequency is 48 MHz and the numbers of circuit input are eight.When the input is multiple,it can save more time,it is a new way for diagnosing the fault of this radar rapidly.


The generation principle of electronic arc-suppression coil transient (EACT) and its distribution in fault and sound lines are analyzed in this paper. Then the effect on reliability of fault line selection is analyzed on the basic of the analysis of EACT. It is seen that if the fault resistance is low, the EACT is benefit for fault line selection. And if the fault resistance is large, it will be bad for selection. For polarity comparison methods, it will affect the reliability of fault line selection. Finally, the effects of EACT on fault line selection based on transient signals are verified by simulations


User involvement in research and development in health and social welfare :  some key concepts and their application using a relational approach


I consider it a great honour, and most appropriate that the first function to be performed by a Chairman of the Flight Simulation Group, the youngest group of the Royal Aeronautical Society, is to present this paper to the Section which represents the interests of the younger members of the Society. I bring the best wishes of the Group to the Graduates and Students Section and I hope that this paper will stimulate an interest in the subject of flight simulation. The established members of the simulator fraternity who are present this evening will at least forgive me, and some, I hope, may agree with me, when I suggest that simulation is one of those areas of aeronautical engineering where a young and fresh approach to the problems encountered is likely to pay dividends.


To identify the clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) with pancreatic metastases (PM) treated with either pazopanib or sunitinib and assess whether PM is an independent prognostic variable in the current therapeutic environment.


Through the observation and analyse of strata behaviors in mining,it is pointed out that the strata behaviors are different in various mining level,and the draft layout and support design is important to the maintainment of composite coal drafts.


Anti-unfair competition law originated from the protection of intellectual property and is closely related to intellectual property law. The two supplement each other and are in interactive relationship. On the one hand, the anti-unfair competition law is the necessary supplement to the protection of intellectual property, especially those intellective fruits with no direct protection of separate regulations of intellectual property. On the other hand, the establishment of the system fo intellectual property is favorable for the development of competitive order of the market. Therefore, in a sense, the intellectual property law is an important component part of the system of competition laws.


This paper begins by giving an impression of the spatial Dutch retailing structure. This gives some background to the data that IMK-REA (Instituut Midden- en Kleinbedrijf, afdeling Ruimtelijk Economische Advisering) has gathered on the modal split for shopping trips in different kinds of shopping areas in the Netherlands. The paper presents the share of the following transport modes in shopping trips: (1) car; (2) public transport; (3) pedestrian; and (4) bicycle. The paper estimates the share each transport mode contributes to the overall turnover of a shopping centre. The paper presents both some characteristics of different transport modes, and their influence on the transport mode choice, especially for shopping trips. Finally, the paper explores a few possibilities for strengthening the bicycle role in the economics of shopping areas in particular. For the covering abstract see IRRD 860086.


The widespread distribution of A. flavus in nature is the main cause of food mildew, which seriously endangers public health. Plant-derived organic compounds with no significant biological or environmental side effects are potential sources of antifungal agents. Antifungal activity and potential mechanisms in vitro as well as efficiency of in vivo control were investigated. The data show that citronellol has pronounced antimicrobial activity against mycelial growth and was observed in a dose-dependent manner, and the effective concentration that inhibited 50% A. flavus growth (EC50) is 0.9 μL/mL. Further through electron microscope observation and cell content leakage experimental analysis, it was found that the integrity of the cell membrane and cell wall of A. flavus was destroyed by citronellol, resulting in the leakage of cytoplasmic components. Finally, the inhibition of fungal contamination in coix seed revealed that citronellol has potential as an eco-friendly antifungal agent.


Purpose
This paper aims to review and explore the adoption of Metaverse as a training ecosystem. The paper focuses on the current debate on the relevance of Metaverse for training.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviews the recent articles and interviews and then critically discusses the future of training in Metaverse.

Findings
Recent reports, studies and developments show that immersive training holds much potential. The future for training in Metaverse seems to be bright with benefits for both employers and employees.

Originality/value
This viewpoint paper is easy to read and comprehensive.


Progress in medical imaging technology together with the increasing demand for confirming a diagnostic decision with objective, repeatable, and reliable measures for improved healthcare have multiplied the number of digital medical images that need to be processed, stored, managed, and searched. Comparison of multiple patients, their pathologies, and progresses by using image search systems may largely contribute to improved diagnosis and education of medical students and residents. Supporting image content information with contextual knowledge will lead to increased reliability, robustness, and accuracy in search results. To this end, the authors present an image search system that permits search by a multitude of image features (content), and demographics, patient's medical history, clinical data, and ontologies (context). Moreover, they validate the system's added value in dementia diagnosis via evaluations on publicly available image databases. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-2833-5.ch018


The aim of this work was to analyze molecular relationship between five mango (Mangifera indica) cultivars viz., 'Alphanso', 'Totapuri', 'Langra', 'Kesar' and 'Amrapalli' using molecular RAPD markers. In present study, genomic DNA isolation procedure was standardized to extract DNA from mango pulp. All the samples tested yielded good quality DNA as 260/280 nm ratio was within 1.6–1.8 range revealing that no significant amount of proteins was present in extract. The statistical analysis (ANOVA) indicated p ≤0.05 validating the applicability of optimized protocol. The extracted DNA was subjected to PCR with 39 primers. Thirty six RAPD primers produced distinct and consistent RAPD profiles which revealed 160 bands with decent 87% polymorphism. Neighbour joining tree, constructed based on Nei's genetic distance, displayed splitting of tested cultivars into two separate clades designated as I and II. The method employed in this study highlighted the reproducibility of technique and, therefore, appears to be a useful tool for genetic analysis in mango and other related plant species.


Ferroelectric material originating from Barium Strontium Titanate (BST), is expected to have high energy because it has a dielectric constant and high charge storage capacity [6]. Materials produced by the process of ferium dopan , it is hoped will be a temperature sensor. If, materials BST and BFST (Barium Ferium Strontium Titanate) subjected to the temperature (material change that temperature), and the resulting voltage , then this material can be applied as a temperature sensor using a microcontroller. Microcontroller that used is ATMega 8535 with internal ADC. Voltage was generated , will be reinforced with a voltage amplifier (OpAmp) and will be processed into digital data at the ATMega8535 internal ADC (Analog Digital Converter).Incoming digital data will be processed and displayed in the view Microcontroller - based desktop applications Delphi 7. The material to be tested is material BST, BFST 5%, and BFST 15%. Keyword: BST, Temperature sensor, ATMEGA 8535, ADC, Delphi 7


Toyama ranks at a relatively high position among the cities of Japan concerning the concentration of branch offices (Fig. 1). And that, the control areas of the branch offices which locate in Toyama cover mainly three prefectures in Hokuriku District (Fig. 2). The city has been termed as a sub-regional central city by K. Abe (1973), but there still remains some problems. The branch offices, which fall in the industrial group classification for the kinds of their head offices, are to be classified mainly as manufacturing industries. Of these manufacturing industries, however, such producer goods as iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, fabricated metal products, and glass, stone and clay products are relatively many in Toyama ; but the consumer goods show a relatively low ratio (Fig. 3). This apparent-ly reflects the fact that the branches in Toyama city are combined with the Toyama industrial district or with an electric power company and a maker of tools whose head offices are found in Toyama. Cities with the control branches of the branches in Toyama are located in Nagoya and Kanazawa for the greater part, but some of them are in Osaka and Niigata. How-ever, 14 control branches of the property insurance companies out of the total of 16 are in IP anazawa. After all, the branches in Toyama take a position which make up for branches in Nagoya, but they are a competitive relation with those of Kanazawa. The location of their head offices is, most of all, found either in Kanazawa or Toyama prefecture (excluding Toyama city) and shows a localism clearly. Control areas of branch offices are not always concordant with administractive districts. On this point, the control areas of the branches in Toyama are found within the limits of Imajo in Fukui prefecture, Takayama basin in Gifu pref., and Joetsu city in Niigata pref. Toyama, Ishikawa, and Fukui prefectures are quite limited in areal scope. The total area of the three prefectures altogether is about equal to that of Niigata prefecture, and even the total population of the three prefectures differes little from that of Niigata pref. Consequently, as to the size of the control area of a branch office, still remains some problem and it is necessary to take the actual sizes of area and population into consideration, not simply by considerning the number of prefectures which are covered by the control area.


Pareto, or on the Imaginary Interpretation of "Virtuism": The Immoral Evil of Veiled Culture. The essay proposes a socio-communicative analysis of the relationship between censorship, art and power, inspired by the imaginary interpretation of immoral representations probed by Vilfredo Pareto in the Virtuist myth and the immoral literature (1914). In particular, this essay is inspired by the visit in Rome of the Iranian President Rohani, made in January 2016. In that occasion the museum officials decided to cover up some old statues with plywood panels. The backdrop is the fast development of the possibilities of technical reproducibility of information, images, contents. This phenomenon engenders some relevant issues regarding the strategies of message sharing, in the era of permanent connectivity.


THE construction of railways, canals, and works for the water supply of large towns, passing through rural districts, has led to the necessity of providing accommodation of a temporary character for the men employed by the contractors for these undertakings. The author, while taking a typical form of hut, touched upon the points in which these buildings differ from structures .of a permanent character. The building, which is framed of wood and has only a ground floor, raised above the ground level, may be covered externally with galvanized sheets, wood, or felt, and iuternally with grooved .and tongued boards, paper, &c., and has the following rooms :hitchen, scullery, larder, men's bedroom, and two bedrooms for the landlord and his family. All drains should be kept outside the hut, a trapped gully being placed close outside the scullery door, an ample supply of water being provided close at hand. The provision of privy accommodation requires special attention-that no accumulations shall take place, separate privies being provided for each sex, and urinals to each hut, these being filled with sawdust which is frequently changed. The disposal of refuse needs to be carefully seen to, the author strongly recommending the keeping of pigs at a sufficient distance from the hut.


Noncovalent DNA interactions, e.g., DNA intercalation and DNA groove‐binding, have not been well studied relative to covalent interactions largely due to the inability of predicting and detecting such events in intact cells. We have adapted an in vitro bleomycin amplification method for DNA intercalation for use in cultured V79 Chinese hamster cells and have validated this approach through the use of a three‐dimensional DNA computational docking model that quantifies potential strength of DNA intercalative binding based on electrostatics and hydrogen bonding. For many structural classes of molecules, DNA intercalation is necessary but not sufficient for genotoxicity. The present article reviews our progress to date in predicting and confirming noncovalent binding of drugs and other chemicals and in understanding the mechanistic relationship between intercalation and genotoxicity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Facts and procedure. In April 2007, the American company Stanley Assembly Technologies (SAT), a company of the Stanley Black and Decker group, and the Spanish company Euro Herramientas (EH)…


This paper describes the Text-to-Speech (TTS) system presented by Aholab-EHU/UPV in the Albayzin 2012 Speech Synthesis (SP) evaluation campaign. Due to the characteristics of the provided corpus (multiple emotions and little data per emotion) a statistical synthesis approach was selected, training a single model with all the speech available. Various Pitch Detection Algorithms (PDAs) were employed in order to reduce gross errors and a more robust duration prediction was achieved by means of combining several machine learning methods. AhoCoder, the vocoder developed by Aholab Laboratory, was used to parameterize and reconstruct the speech signal with high quality.


Objective:To construct pAAV-NF-YA eukaryotic expression vector and to detect the expression of NF-YA in HeLa cells transfected with pAAV-NF-YA.Methods:Total RNA was extracted from human embryonic stem cells and embryo fibroblasts cell firstly,the cDNA of NF-YA were obtained by RT-PCR and cloned into pAAV-MCS vector.Then recombinant plasmid pAAV-NF-YA,after identified by restriction enzyme and sequencing,was transfected into HeLa cells.Finally,the expression of NF-YA was tested by Western Blot.Results:The recombinant plasmid pAAV-NF-YA was constructed successfully,and the expression level of NF-YA was obviously increased in HeLa cells transfected with pAAV-NF-YA.Conclusion:A useful eukaryotic expression vector pAAV-NF-YA was obtained,which would be helpful for the future fuction study of NF-Y.


We have exposed the Polypropylene + virgin-High Density Polyethylene + woodflour and Polypropylene + recycled-High Density Polyethylene + woodflour composites under gamma irradiation to integral doses from 10 to 70 kGy at the constant dose rate of 4.8 kGy/h. ESR Spectroscopy was carry out. The nature of free radicals after two days of air storage induced by gamma irradiation is discussed. The peak to peak resonance line width, and his dependence with the integral dose on gamma irradiation, is discussed. The concentration radicals has been estimated for a group of singles lines, characterized by the same giromagnetic factor value, by direct numerical double integration.


Abstract Sulfuric acid anodizing with a hot water seal does not produce the same corrosion resistance for a Al/SiC metal matrix composite as for Al 6061. The corrosion resistance of hard-anodized A...


Cantaloupe cultivated in Malaysia appears as the biggest potential in fresh-cut produce industry and offer higher profit returns. From this opportunity, several changes on physico-chemical properties of untreated fresh-cut cantaloupe(variety Glamour) cubes, harvested at ¾ maturity stage, dipped in deionized water for 1 min at 2° C were observed. Changes of total soluble solid (TSS), pH, total acidity (TA), freezing point, and moisture content were determined during 19 days storage at 2° C and 86-87% relative humidity (RH) air. The pH increased from 6.29 to 6.46 and the freezing point varied between -0.98°C and -0.81°C as moisture content increased from 90.89% to 92.38% d.b. The total acidity and TSS decreased with increase in storage time from 0.11% to 0.09% and 9.07 to 8.60 respectively. The results had implication with significant differences (P < 0.1) for the untreated fresh-cut cantaloupe during storage period.


In work the research of questions of modeling of evolutionary potential of passive investment is conducted. The aprioristic, current and a posteriori purposes of investment defining creation of conceptual model of a control system of investment activities of the organization are allocated. The essence is investigated, characteristics and potential of active use of passive investment are defined. The model of assessment of investment attractiveness and stability of economy of the region on the basis of the generalized production function of type of Kobba-Douglas with twenty variables (basic investment parameters) is developed. The offered integrated model can be used as for assessment of investment attractiveness of separately taken region, but also for taxonomy and ranging of the organizations, regions on the level of investment activity. Quantitative and qualitative levels of classification of conditions of investment attractiveness of an economic unit are determined. On the basis of application of information and entropy approach the analysis and modeling of an index variety of ETF in processes of diversification of a portfolio and realization of investment strategy with the reduced risk is carried out.


This chapter summarizes the principal requirements of US food labelling governing nutrition. It also covers other issues related to health, such as nutrient content, health, and gluten-free claims. There is commentary on contrast or similarity with EU food information regulation where relevant. The chapter includes commentary on future developments and sources of information, allowing the reader to keep updated on this evolving topic.


Carangids are highly esteemed food fishes and
have been evaluated as potential aquaculture
species in different countries. Carangid fishes
viz., Seriola quinqueradiata, Caranx mate and
Trachinotus spp. are commercially cultured in Japan,
Hawaii and USA respectively. Captive breeding and
seed production of the silver pompano, Trachinotus
blochii as well as the successful demonstration of
farming of the hatchery produced pompano seed in
earthern ponds is one of the breakthrough
achievements of the Central Marine Fisheries
Research Institute in India.


The propagation of Gaussian optical pulses through optical PM‐HiBi (Polarization Maintaining Highly Birefringent) fibers is analyzed and simulated. Based upon a model of propagation as described by Marcuse, et al., [1] and Sunnerud, et al., [2], and the use of PMD (Polarization Mode Dispersion) compensators and emulators used by Kogelnik, et al. [2], [3] and Lima, et al. [4], we construct a simple model that allows graphical representation of the distortion experienced by optical pulses when propagating in a PM‐HiBi fiber for different initial polarizations. The results of our analysis have the benefit of being identical to the more elaborate models of [1], [2], while also providing the additional advantage of simple graphical representation.


Chemical industrial complexes are extensive, complex structures with large-scale chemical facilities where large quantities of various chemical substances are handled. Detection equipment must be installed in high locations to monitor these industrial complexes and detect chemical accidents from a distance. In previous studies, individual monitoring equipment was temporarily installed on the ground, on a rooftop, or on a vehicle to detect chemical accidents from a distance. In this study, however, the industrial complex chemical accident monitoring system was developed by combining different technologies and was installed on a tower. For the Yeosu National Industrial Complex (which functioned as a test bed), 70m-high steel towers were built. Additionally, an infrared system for remote chemical detection (SIGIS-2, Bruker) and a long-range video surveillance system (TORUSS-LR2000, Globalsystems) were installed at the top of steel towers to monitor the entire industrial complex. The target substances to be monitored in real time by the infrared system for remote chemical detection were selected, and the monitoring sections were classified to enable each piece of equipment to distinguish the scanned areas. To improve the accuracy of the detection results, the information about the actual handled substances and respective facilities of the sites in the industrial complex was inserted into the database of the system and then connected to the sections. During the three-month test operation, various chemical substances (including 1,3-butadiene, methanol, methylamine, ethyl acetate, ammonia, and vinyl chloride) were detected at each section in 20,034 cases, and the detection results were consistent with the inserted actual information. The accumulated detection data shows that the detection frequency of a specific chemical substance was high in each section. This can be used as a basis for modifying the threshold of the anomaly detection model, thereby improving the accuracy of the system. Therefore, this system can detect and evaluate the leakage of chemical substances and the occurrence of fires or smoke through large-scale scans 24 hours per day. Furthermore, it can be used for the early detection of and effective responses to chemical accidents in industrial complexes.


This paper proposes a hybrid MMI/EC architecture to be embedded in the training of HMMs. Each individual in evolutionary computation represents a set of HMMs, while the fitness value of each individual represents the maximum mutual information. Since evolutionary computation is noted for its global search and population based operations, the globally optimal solutions (or the sub optimal solutions) can be obtained. Experiments indicate that the system trained with the proposed method is superior to the one trained with the traditional gradient based training method.


From the viewpoint of demand-side, this paper proposes a method that how to analyze the competitive market structure and asymmetric competition according to consumer choice set. According to survey data from 4,918 Chinese automobile potential buyerpsilas choice set, this paper constructs brand switching probability matrix then analyze the completion from three levels: brand, firm and country. The result shows that asymmetric competition and cannibalization all exist on brand, firm and country levels. This paper also gives a picture of competition circumstances in Chinese automobile market.