Historically, little attention was paid to the execution of sentences passed at the level of international courts and tribunals. Capital punishment was still used, and custodial sanctions were imposed in the relevant states. It was not until the 1990s, with the creation of the ad hoc tribunals, that the execution of sentences also became a task for international tribunals, in cooperation with, and by means of transferring the sentenced person to, a state which had committed itself to executing the sentence. The basic principles of these vertical transfer, or execution of sentence, procedures, as is also the case at the level of the ICC, are characterized by a system logic, with a limited role for the sentenced person. Nonetheless, minimal human rights and international standards for the execution of sentences (as agreed upon at the level of the UN) are respected.
The authors investigate if and to what extent the interests of the sentenced person could be better pursued and enhanced during vertical procedures for the execution of sentences; they therefore take a clear-cut rehabilitation and social integration perspective.
Given the dominant representation of EU member states among states willing to execute sentences passed by international tribunals and courts, the authors moreover wonder whether practice should not evolve towards reflecting the obligatory compliance of these states with, besides the UN standards, additional (sometimes wider, more precise and higher) Council of Europe and EU standards. This would be reflected in the policies of the tribunals and courts (especially the ICC) relating to the conclusion of sentence execution agreements with states, as well as in the actual case-based decisions in which particular sentence execution states are chosen.
The authors further plead for the conclusion of a bilateral EU-ICC agreement on the execution of sentences, since this would constitute an important contribution to international justice, and one that is likely to make the reintegration and rehabilitation of offenders (a greater) part of it.


The standard coal demineralization procedure of Bishop and Ward, a modification of earlier work of Radmacher and Mohrhauer. is a strong acid treatment (consecutive exposure of the ground coal to 5N HCl, 48% HF, and 12N HCl, for 45 minute periods at 60 C) that effectively reduces the mineral matter concentration of the coal. The Bishop and Ward paper compared the determination of mineral matter in coals by direct and indirect methods and assessed the applicability of the mineral matter determination to British Coals. The work was oriented toward mineral matter determination and did not address, in detail, the organic matrix of the coal. On the basis of pre- and post-extraction carbon and hydrogen determinations, the authors concluded that the acid treatment caused no significant attack on the coal substance. The present study was undertaken to test whether the exposure of a complex, water insoluble organic matrix containing benzylic alcohol functionality would suffer retrogressive polymerization when exposed to the Bishop and Ward demineralization conditions. This paper reports solubility and structural changes in lignin, a model for the organic matrix of low rank coals, that demonstrate the facility of this reaction channel.


ABSTRACT This article provides a genealogy of extractivismo discourse. In South America, the critical discourse of extractivismo has shifted political horizons and fomented a protracted intraleft dispute. Decades of neoliberalism unified popular movements to resist austerity and recuperate national sovereignty, but the ascendency of leftist administrations across the continent fragmented the field of radical politics. Ecuador exemplifies this internecine conflict: environmental and indigenous activists and allied intellectuals crafted the discourse of extractivismo to resist President Rafael Correa's '21st century socialism'. State actors assert that oil and mining revenues will trigger economic development. But anti-extractive activists contend that 'the extractive model' pollutes the environment, violates collective rights, reinforces dependency on foreign capital, and undermines democracy. Drawing on 14 months of archival and ethnographic research, I recover the source discourses of extractivismo and outline the conditions of their coalescence into a novel problematic. I trace extractivismo to the neoliberal period (1981–2006). In that period, I identify the co-existence of two distinct critiques of resource extraction, which I call resource radicalisms: resource nationalism and proto-anti-extractivism. But alongside it, in their struggle for territorial sovereignty and collective rights, Amazonian indigenous groups articulated the discursive elements that would later be unified by the term extractivismo. I argue that a particular conjuncture – the election of a leftist President, the rewriting of the Constitution, and the government's avid promotion of extractive projects – enabled the crystallization of extractivismo discourse. Anti-extractive resistance in turn triggered a tectonic political realignment: activists that once fought for the nationalization of natural resources now oppose all resource extraction, a leftist President finds himself in conflict with the social movements who initially supported his election, and the left-in-power has become synonymous with the aggressive expansion of extraction. Finally, I consider the tension between extractivismo-as-critique and its capacity to generate collective action.


The isothermal sections of the U-Mo-C ternary system have been established at 1000°C and 1400°C, using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis for the quantification of U and Mo and differential thermal analysis. The main differences between the two sections are the appearance of liquid phase at about 1230°C, due to the peritectic decomposition of γ-UMo, and the peritectoid decompositions of MoC and β'' Mo2C. No other transformation was detected in this temperature range, especially one involving the two only ternary phases found, UMoC2 and U2Mo2C3.


At a time of mounting global concern with environmental contamination, California is now stereotyped as a locus of extreme and persistent air pollution. While this generalization actually applies only to small portions of the state, California nevertheless epitomizes to much of the world the problem of possibly lethal, and certainly highly unpleasant, pollution of the air. Yet only a few generations ago California stood for just the opposite preternaturally pure and healthful air. Such an identification of California with purity was made by Franklin Langworthy, author of a well-known guidebook to the West. Describing an extended visit to California in 1850, Langworthy declared that he considered the climate there "as one of the most healthy on earth. There seems to be no natural cause of disease in the country."1 Such a perception of California as a pathogenic void was commonplace in the early years and it was linked with the belief that the air of California possessed superior qualities. The term "pure" was frequently applied to California air. This paper examines the notion of air purity in early California and its supposed connections with the vaunted salubrity of the California climate.


Foreword..Acknowledgments..Introduction..1. Aboriginal archaeology in context..2. Australian Aboriginal rock art..3. Australian rock art research: an historical overview..4. How we study Australian Aboriginal art..5. A question of time: dating Australian rock art..6. Subject analyses..7. Structural analyses..8. Case study: central Queensland highlands ..9. Case study: north Queensland highlands..10. Case study: southeast Cape York Peninsula..11. A future for the past: conservation of rock art..Glossary..Notes..Bibliography..Illustrations..Index


Traditionally, sandwich panels are designed as unidirectional spanning flexural members, transferring the load to a skeletal substructure. As a recent development, sandwich panels are used without substructure. In this application the panels have to transfer normal forces in addition to transverse loads. The paper introduces a design model for axial loaded sandwich panels. Additionally, the basic failure modes at the area of load application were illustrated and a mechanical model is presented.


The recent development of LA‐ICP‐MS/MS techniques enables in situ Rb‐Sr dating of micas, but there is not yet a matrix‐matched RM. In this contribution, we optimised laser conditions and developed a new data reduction approach for Rb‐Sr dating of micas with non‐matrix‐matched RMs Mica‐Mg‐NP and NIST SRM 612. This was achieved by systematically investigating the effects of laser ablation settings, data reduction methods and the selection of the RMs on the Rb‐Sr dating quality of a 306 ± 1 Ma hydrothermal muscovite. We then tested this approach using twelve mica samples with known ages from 306 to 1.4 Ma. The results show that this technique can achieve accuracy of 2.5% or better, and precision of ~ 1–3% for micas > 15 Ma. The dating accuracy (> 9%) and precision (> 21%) decrease for micas younger than 5 Ma due to the short radiogenic accumulation time. This technique provides a way to date many types of mineral deposits and rocks, with a relatively high spatial resolution (down to 38 μm), a fast turnaround time and a higher closure temperature for muscovite than the Ar‐Ar system, which makes it a powerful tool in geochronological studies.


Objective To review the recent developments in the research of platelet activating factor(PAF) receptor antagonists. Methods According to references about PAF and PAF receptor antagonists,the compounds were divided into natural and synthetic products,and the synthetic products were divided into sub-categories by their structures. Results PAF is involved in many physiological activities,but the PAF generated from abnormal ways may cause many diseases. Conclusions This article will provide references for the further research.


The bark of Careya arborea Roxb. (Barringtoniacae) is used against various disorders in Indian systems of medicine, namely astringent, anthelmintic, in tumors, dyspepsia, colic, bronchitis, urinary discharges, piles, lecucoderma, skin diseases, epileptic fits, diarrhoea. The juice of the fresh bark with honey is given as a demulcent in coughs and colds, infusion of the fresh bark is used to treat snake bite by applying to the bitten part and also taken internally. The present communication deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of the bark sample using light and confocal microscopy, WHO recommended physico-chemical determinations and authentic phytochemical procedures. The physico-chemical, morphological and histological parameters presented in this paper may be proposed as parameters to establish the authenticity of C. arborea bark and may possibly help to differentiate the drug from its other allied species.


A culture column was composed of hat named as dripping unit, columnar body which was an axle contacted 12 one-liter volume plastic pots with overflow tube and columnar base. The column was 200 cm tall and was 15 cm indiameter. The columns were arranged by 80 cm×80 cm in rows to establish the columnar cultural unity, which consisted of 636 columns in 540 m 2 cultivable area in glass house and was used for cultivating lettuce. This columnar cultural unity stood on the culture water troughs on the ground, and both the former and the later were connected through the circulating irrigating system of water to form a big stereoscopic culture unity named as the system of columnar soilless culture (SCSC). The culture area of SCSC system was enlarged 3 times more than that of the culture water troughs. Each plastic pot in the column held 5 plants and one column could carry 60 plants. The columnar cultural unity could support 38 160 plants and included 10 314 plants grown on the water troughs, so it could totally support 48 474 plants, which was 4.7 times more than that held by the cultural water troughs on the ground. At the middle-late growth stage of letluce (40 d after planting), in the columnar culture area illumination (E) was 680~860 μE m -2 s -1 , and was 180~360 μE m -2 s -1 higher than that of the saturation point of photosynthesis of lettuce. As a result of a good space between the small culture pots in the pot and water surface in the pot (Fig 7), the young plants grown above the water surface could get enough air, water and nutrition through the rock fibre wrapped plant. The maximum mean air temperature was 20 ℃, the minimum mean temperature was 3.3 ℃ and the humidity (RH) was 57%~71% in the columnar culture area in winter. After 53 d growth, the yield of fresh lettuce by SCSC in a area of 160 m 2 was 5.6 kg/m 2, 3.7 times higher than that of CK. The SCSC was shown as large production model with high yield and benefit. Fig 7, Tab 3, Ref 7


Background: This study was carried with the main objectives: (1) to find out the occurrence of pulmonary mycoses in clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis cases at central referral hospital, Tadong, Sikkim. (2) To find out the various fungi causing pulmonary mycoses in clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Methods: 200 clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis cases who visited the department of microbiology for the diagnostic microscopic examination of sputum sample for acid fast bacilli were included in this cross sectional study, carried out under the department of microbiology, Sikkim Manipal institute of medical sciences, over one year. Smears of sputum samples were examined microscopically for acid fast bacilli and fungal elements. Sputum samples were also plated onto different fungal culture media. Results: Out of 200 patients, various types of pathogens were detected in 54 (27%) patients. Fourteen (7%) patients were positive only for AFB, while fungus as a primary etiological agent was detected in 16(8%) patients. Fungus as a secondary etiological agent was detected in 4 (2%) patients [AFB with fungus in 2 (1%), AFB with fungus and bacteria in 1 (0.5%) and bacteria with fungus in 1 (0.5%) patient]. Conclusion: Pulmonary mycosis can be a primary infection in non- tuberculosis cases or co-infection in pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Investigation for fungal cause in clinically suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis will prevent misdiagnosis and mistreatment of cases.


Abstract Background Ebolaviruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates. Nearly all Ebola vaccines in development use Ebola glycoprotein (GP) as the immunizing antigen. GP is present on the viral membrane and functions in cell entry by binding the cellular receptor and mediating membrane fusion; antibodies to GP induce protective immunity. Ebola also produces sGP: a smaller, secreted form of GP containing the receptor-binding domain; it is also able to induce protective immunity. sGP naturally refolds after thermal denaturation and thus may be more stable than GP, and may also be more cost effective as it is produced easily in high quantities. sGP is a homodimer that is covalently linked by a cysteine near its C-terminus. In this work, we explored how modifications to sGP that affect its ability to dimerize also alter its immunogenicity. Methods sGP mutants were generated in the pCAGGS mammalian expression plasmid, and injected into mice as a DNA vaccine. Mouse sera was tested by ELISA against sGP and GP proteins, and in a neutralization assay against GP-typed pseudovirions. Results We generated 4 different mutants of sGP that had altered abilities to form inter-protomer disulfide bonds. All had a mutated or deleted cysteine at position 306; two had disulfide-bonding restored by introduction of an engineered inter-protomer disulfide bond. Mice were immunized with a DNA vaccine encoding either an sGP mutant or wild-type sGP, and sera were collected. We found that sera from sGP mutants with reduced interprotomer disulfide bonds had significantly higher antibody titers to sGP and GP than sera from our wild-type sGP and engineered-disulfide sGP immunized mice. Antibody titers were similar between sGP and GP; these titers correlated with neutralization ability. Relative binding to sGP & GP (by ELISA OD) & relative % neutralization of pseudovirions at 1:10 dilution Conclusion Immunogenicity of Ebola sGP was enhanced significantly when mutations were introduced to reduce its ability to covalently dimerize. Immunogenicity correlated with induction of neutralizing antibodies, implying that our mutants may outperform wild-type sGP when used as a vaccine in vivo. This work helps paves the way for an alternative Ebola vaccine that has the potential to be more cost-effective and heat-stable than the currently-licensed vaccine. Disclosures Samuel D. Stampfer, MD/PhD, Gilead (Shareholder)


To the Editor: There is a concern that no cognisance appears to be taken of age-related normal ranges in reporting the results of total prostate specific antigen (PSA) tests in South Africa.


Since 9/11 and the Second Iraq War, the Muslim Middle East has witnessed an outburst of millenarian expectations. Prof. Eric Geoffroy analyzes how contemporary fundamentalist movements are distorting traditional Islamic eschatology in order to fuel sectarian violence and regional conflicts.


The P2Co4(H2O)2W18O6810– anion contains four edge-linked coIIO6 octahedra with coplanar cobalt atoms, in addition to two fragments of the Keggin structure.


ABSTRACTCASE REPORT A 26-year-old male presented with swelling over his right palm. His complaints started seven years ago as a small swelling, which slowly progressed in size and even ulcerated at places. He noticed the swelling a few months after an injury which was sustained on the hand when he fell over a stone. He had consulted his local doctor a year ago, who had given him treatment for cutaneous tuberculosis after tissue. There was no fixation to the deeper tissues. X-ray of the hand revealed no bony involvement. A biopsy from the nodule revealed a tumor in the dermis composed of diffuse sheets of epithelioid and spindle-shaped tumor cells. A few tumor cells exhibited formation of intracytoplasmic lumina. The neoplasm was highly vascular and perivascular lymphoid aggregates were seen. Two to three mitoses were seen per 10 high power fields. A diagnosis of How to cite this article: Pai KK, Pai SB, Sripathi H, Pranab, Rao P. Epithelioid sarcoma: A diagnostic challenge. Indian JDermatol Venereol Leprol 2006;72:446-8.Received: October, 2005. Accepted: April, 2006. Source of Support: Nil. Conflict of interest: None declared.446 Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol|November-December 2006|Vol 72|Issue 6


Due to abundant spectrum resources, communications in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands have been widely considered as the key enabler for next-generation wireless systems, including future high-speed railway (HSR) wireless systems, to dramatically increase data rates. To overcome the hostile propagation properties of mm-wave bands, antenna arrays, which enable directional transmissions with extended transmission distance, become essential techniques. Nevertheless, the high cost of antenna arrays and the limited battery lifetime of user equipment are slowing down the practical deployment of mm-wave communications. Without these limitations, an HSR scenario is better suited for mm-wave communications. However, the point-like coverage of mmwave directional beams cannot provide robust access for high-mobility scenarios.


An expanding literature points to increased inequality with economic development. Studies of income and wealth distributions show that communities are much less egalitarian after development than before.' Benefits are concentrated among a few, while the majority are at least relatively, if not absolutely, worse off after economic development. Chenery of the World Bank states, "It is now clear that more than a decade of rapid growth in underdeveloped countries has been of little or no benefit to perhaps a third of their population."2 For most human history, communities have been egalitarian. Egalitarian communities characterize primitive and tribal societies in which wealth does not show concentration and for which social classes do not


"Kawaii" is one of the most popular words in contemporary Japan and is recognised as representative of Japanese pop culture. It is often translated into English as "cute", but a subtle difference of nuance seems to exist between the two words. In this article, a framework for research on kawaii from a behavioural science perspective is put forward. First, the dictionary definition, history and current usage of kawaii are introduced. Then, survey results of Japanese students and office workers about their attitudes towards kawaii are reported. These findings and past psychological and behavioural science research lead to a two-layer model that consists of kawaii as an emotion and kawaii as a social value. This model postulates that the basis of kawaii is a positive emotion related to the social motivation of watching for and staying with preferable persons and objects, which is typically observed in affection towards babies and infants, but not limited to them. This culturally non-specific, biological trait has been appreciated and fostered in Japan by certain characteristics of Japanese culture. Because previous research on cuteness has been almost exclusively associated with infant physical attractiveness and baby schema, using the relatively fresh, exotic word kawaii may be helpful to describe this broader psychological concept.


Summary 1. In the curarized, unanesthetized cat, the EEG frequency varies inversely with the intracranial pressure. 2. During seizures induced by high partial pressures of oxygen or by Metrazol, the intracranial pressure varies directly with the EEG frequency. 3. No explanation for our findings is offered at present.


The crystal structure analyses of stishovite were carried out by X-rays using a single crystal under pressure up to 6.09 GPa. The linear compressibilities βa = 1.22×10−3 and βc = 0.64×10−3 GPa−1 and the isothermal bulk modulus of KT = 313 GPa were obtained from the lattice parameters. A shared-edge is the shortest of three kinds of oxygen edges in SiO6 octahedron and is of highest compressibility, resulting in an enhancement of distortion of the octahedron with increasing pressure. The bulk modulus of SiO6 octahedron is evaluated to be 250 GPa which is smaller than that of the tetragonal unit cell. Shortening of the shared-edge of SiO6 octahedron with pressure can be explained by shielding effect for increasing cation-cation interaction along the c-axis and may suggest an increasing tendency of covalent character of stishovite with pressure.


Abstract Resource management decision making at the local farm enterprise level is located within a global context. These layered structures of globalization and the uneven effects of agricultural restructuring and deregulation constrain and challenge both short and long term planning strategies. This paper analyses interviews with women in dairy and vegetable production in Tasmania and Queensland and delineates their perception of globalisation, its institutions and agents, and the effects their perceptions have on the realities of farm level decision making. Current issues of quality assurance and deregulation illustrate these perceptions in the period of uncertainty prior to the most recent market deregulation, introduction of the GST and changes in labelling statutes. At a time of national recognition of the need for these stakeholders to be involved in policy making through inputs of expertise, practical experience and vision, this paper concludes with their reflections on the value and importance of their policy participation and its ambiguous success.


Fresh cheese are produced and consumed in Mexico in large amounts. Their characteristics distinguishes it as a perishable product. Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Campylobacter outbreaks linked to cheese have been reported in the United States. Molecular detection of pathogens could be done in short time with high levels of sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes throughout of cheese production in a plant of Queretaro state and in fresh cheeses sold in Queretaro city markets. Three hundred samples were collected in the processing plant including hands of workers, equipment, floors, utensils and food along the process. Total plate count (TPC), total coliforms (TC) and E. coli were quantified. Salmonella and L. monocytogenes were investigated by traditional and PCR methods. One hundred samples of fresh cheese from Queretaro markets were collected, E. coli was quantified and Salmonella and L. monocytogenes was investigated by traditional method. Additionally, Salmonella was investigated using Amplified Nucleic Single Temperature Reaction technique (ANSR) and qPCR. Along cheese processing, TPC and TC content in food and innert surfacesshowed high variability, suggesting diversity in the sanitarian practice or in the quality of materials used in its manufacture. E. coli was detected in cheese, utensils, workers' hands and cooling water in concentrations 1-3 log MPN/g or cm2. Salmonella was detected in cheese, workers' hands and utensils. Fresh cheese obtained from markets contained E. coli (1-3 lof MPN/g or cm2) and Salmonella (9/100). L. monocytogenes was not detected. ANSR technique was not specific nor sensitive enough for Salmonelladetection in fresh cheese. In contrast, qPCR technique could be used as a fast and reliable alternative to traditional detection (showing a relative specificity of 100% and a relative sensitivity of 88%). The presence of Salmonella in cheese obtained from the processing plant and from city markets represent a risk for the consumer. Poor sanitation process, low quality of materials, deficient training of workers, among other factors may influence the food safety.


The 3rd Sustainable Development Goal targets include (i) the reduction of global maternal mortality, (ii) ending preventable newborn and child deaths and (iii) universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare and safe and effective vaccines.1 The importance of access to safe and effective vaccines to reduce morbidity and mortality has been highlighted by the COVID19 pandemic. Most vaccination programs specifically target infants and young children; however, there has been a recent increase in use of vaccines in adolescents and adults, especially in women.


The nutrient foramina are cavities that conduct the nutrient arteries and the peripheral nerves on the shaft of long bones. Long bones receive most of the interosseous blood supply from the nutrient arteries, and sometimes through the periosteal vessels. Nutrient arteries play an important role in nutrition and growth of the bones particularly during its growth period in the embryo and fetus as well as during early phases of ossification. The present study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, MNR Medical college, Sangareddy, Medak, Andhra Pradesh and Govt. Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra. A study group comprised of 1320 (840male, 480 female) long bones of upper and lower limbs of known age and sex from the bone library. The number, location, direction, position and also whether the nutrient foramina obey the general rule that is directed away from the growing end of long bone is determined in this study. Distance of nutrient foramina from either ends of long bones are more in males than females. Single nutrient foramen is common in females whereas multiple nutrient foramena in males. Femur showed highest number of nutrient foramena in 2 nd segment in males and females only 1% shows multiple nutrient foramens in second segment. Two nutrient foramens were found in 68% of femur, 14% of tibia, 20% of fibula and only 10% of Humerus while it is less in females.


Background Neuroepithelial tumors are the most intractable to other types of cancer, especially in children and adolescents. One of the ways of increasing the efficacy of this type of tumors, the transition from group serves to a personalized therapy. Objective Develop and test version of the method in vitro evaluation of the sensitivity of neuroepithelial tumors cells to chemotherapy drugs and compare the characteristics of this method with other methods of determining the in vitro chemosensitivity of cells of different histological types of tumors. Subjects and methods For example, the primary cell cultures of intracranial tumors (ependymomas, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal and atypical rhabdoid teratoid neoplasias) children (90) at the age 7,4 ± 1,1 years, developed and tested uproschnny option the analysis of their individual susceptibility and resistivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Its essence consist of down to counting chamber Goryaeva proportion of dead (stained with trypan blue) and survivors (transparent) cells after their one-day exposure to cytotoxic drugs in doses that are close to the 50% lethal. Results Based on the gradation index of cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs and ex vivo evaluation of patients with cytotoxic drugs Supervision, according to accepted formulas were made calculations of sensitivity (67.2%), specificity (56.8%), positive (87.3%) and negative (26.6%) predictive value method. Conclusion The results were comparable to those of other more laborintensive methods, opening up the prospect of using this option for some of its technical development


Freud's philosophical anthropology is in fact little more than an amplified psychiatry. For Freud, the human being is in essence a sick animal. In this paper, I discuss the possibility of founding this "anthropological turn" on evolutionary biology. On the one hand, it is shown that Freud's own attempted "evolutionary psychiatry" failed because of his very limited knowledge of Darwinism and his awe for Haeckel and Lamarck. On the other hand, I argue that more recent attempts to reconcile psychoanalysis and evolutionary biology do not always provide a solid biological foundation for the Freudian philosophical project, despite the fact that they are—from a Darwinian point of view—tenable. This is so because, generally speaking, these theories consider psychopathologies either as adaptations or as accidental disorders, and not as inevitable but dysfunctional parts of human nature, like Freud did.


At the April, 1899, meeting of the Section on General Medicine of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, I presented a man who had partial paralysis of the right side of the body, with other symptoms, and hyperostosis of the left side of the cranium. The association of these conditions made the case important, and I was unable to find a report of a similar case in the literature. At my request an operation was performed in the region of the hyperostosis, and this resulted fatally. At the May, 1899, meeting of this section I reported, with Dr. T. S. Kirkbride, Jr., a review of the case; Dr. Kirkbride, as pathologist to the hospital, reported his pathologic examination. The title of the paper appears in the Transactions of the College for the year 1899. Brissaud and Lereboullet 1 described this condition in 1903, under the name of hemicraniosis; they reported


Nowadays, aggression and bullying are serious societal problems present in all types and level of schools. It is an extremely complicated system that can be examined from many different angles. This is a dangerous social-pathological effect where personal freedom is severely restricted, it is degrading human dignity, and often harming the victims' health or property. For these reasons, we decided to focus our attention on the issues of manifestations of aggression and the possibilities of its elimination.


This paper includes numerical simulation upon MHD mixed convective heat transfer properties of stagnation point flow across an angled stretched sheet. Boundary value problem is solved using similarity transformation approach with shooting technique. The impact of different corporeal constraints like mixed convection parameter, thermal radiation parameter, chemical reaction parameter, Brownian motion and thermophoresis, Casson parameter upon velocity and temp profile as well as skin-friction coefficient , Nusselt number, Sherwood number on velocity, temp concentration profile are shown graphically. Casson parameter increases velocity and diminishes temperature profile. Chemical reaction term decreases Sherwood number and increases concentration profile.


The authors conducted a survey of ARL member libraries to identify the minimum education and experience required of paraprofessional catalogers. The majority of surveyed libraries responded that they use paraprofessionals to catalog various types of materials. A higher number of libraries use paraprofessionals in copy cataloging than in original cataloging. Although no single model of education and training for paraprofessional catalogers exists, certain patterns emerge. The educational expectations for copy catalogers are lower than those for original catalogers. Training takes place on the job. The library profession is not as far along in developing structured paraprofessional degree requirements along the same lines as other professions, such as law or medicine.


Cotton is more sensitive to weed competition at early weeks as well as at later growth stages. During flowering, weed infestation promotes boll shedding and substantially reduces the lint yields. Two year research was conducted to explore the effects of integrated chemical and mechanical practices on weed control and yield of cotton grown in the alternate furrow planting system. The chemical treatments i.e. No chemical, Pendimethalin 330 E @ 2.5 L ha -1 (Pre-emergence), Glyphosate 490 G/L @ 4.7 L ha -1 (Post-emergence) were kept in main plots while the cultural treatments i.e. No inter-culturing, Inter-culturing, Inter-culturing + Every row earthing up, Inter-culturing + Alternate row earthing up were kept in subplots. Maximum control of both narrow and broad leaf weeds (97%) at 30 DAS was achieved by integrating Pendimethalin with Inter-culturing + Every row earthing up. At 60 DAS, Glyphosate in combination with different mechanical practices showed the maximum control of both broad and narrow leaf weeds (86-89%). While Pendimethalin in combination with mechanical treatments reduced the total weed dry biomass at 60 DAS by circa 75%. An integrated use of Pendimethalin and Inter-culturing plus Alternate row earthing up significantly enhanced the numbers of bolls plant -1 and 100 boll weight of cotton. Pendimethalin in combination with Inter-culturing + Alternate row earthing up showed markedly higher biological yield, seed cotton yield and harvest index than other treatment combinations. This study suggested that in cotton cultivated in alternate furrow planting system, use of pre-emergence Pendimethalin in combination with Inter-culturing + Alternate row earthing up provides an efficient weed control over a longer period of time. This treatment combination is also shown to significantly enhance the seed cotton yields.


Allocating bed management to a team of nurses providing a 24-hour service has helped free beds and increased admissions at an inner-city hospital. The team's 24-hour presence has reduced persistent out-of-hours problems. Since the team has been in operation, the number of times ambulances have to be diverted to other hospitals has been reduced.


This paper reports on the planning, introduction, and implementation of surface mount technology (SMT) for printed circuit board assembly at Convergent Technologies. It is written from the production personnel's view‐point. The report starts with a brief history of the company, describes its dynamic environment, outlines the factors that led to the decision to implement SMT and provides the time‐frame for said implementation. With this background the paper then deals at length with design and manufacturing issues and questions that arose during this undertaking. The report concludes with a summary that outlines the benefits and concerns of SMT and highlights the future trends for this technology.


In the present article an attempt has been made to estimate the responsiveness of prices and household expenditure on consumption of energy for cooking and lighting at household level in rural and urban areas in India. Household level energy elasticities are estimated for the rural and urban areas with the help of dummy variable regression approach by using National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) 66th quinquennial rounds of unit level data for the year 2009–2010. The results reveal the fact that energy intensity for rural areas is higher than urban areas while average expenditure recorded on energy for cooking and lighting in urban areas is higher than in rural areas at all India level. Majority of the households are using dirty fuel for cooking in rural areas while in urban areas clean fuel, that is, LPG is used for cooking. The expenditure on energy for cooking and lighting at household level is inelastic. The marginal budget share in rural and urban areas is the same. Results reveal the fact that 100 percent increase in the prices of energy for cooking and lighting will increase the expenditure of households in rural region more than in urban region.


It is a relevant and practically important task for environmental protection to devise effective means to protect metals against corrosion in aggressive media containing water, petroleum products, carbolic acids, and mineral salts. To stop corrosion, corrosion inhibitors are used that must be constantly improved and whose composition must be properly adjusted. The main drawback of the highly effective inhibitors based on alkyl imidazolines, a mixture of alkyl imidazolines with alkyl pyridinium and/or quaternary ammonium compounds soluble in a methanol medium, is their high prices at relatively significant consumption in the corrosive environment. This paper reports the synthesis of steel corrosion inhibitors in oil-containing aqueous environments that meet the stricter ecological and economic requirements. It has been shown that increasing the level of water mineralization improves the corrosive activity of aqueous environments relative to unalloyed steels. The presence of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, or carboxylic acids leads to the oxidation of water-oil mixtures resulting in the increased rate of steel corrosion. We have studied the effectiveness of the synthesized inhibitors based on oil and polyethylene polyamines containing imidazolines. At a temperature of 80 °C, the mixture that contained 200 cm3of a 3 % sodium chloride solution, 800 cm3of oil, and at the concentration of acetic acid of 0.5 and 3.0 g/dm3 at the inhibitor dose of 50 mg/dm3, has reached the degree of protection of steel against corrosion at the level of 90–92 %. Based on a full factorial experiment, the regression equation has been derived that makes it possible to easily enough calculate an optimal dose of the steel corrosion inhibitor in water-oil mixtures. It has been shown that the synthesized inhibitor shows prospects for protecting metals against corrosion both in the mineralized waters containing oil and in the presence of petroleum products containing water


The choice of cost functions in optimized Kalman filters(OKF) is thoroughly analyzed.Two cost functions suitable to OKFs are designed.It is proved that these cost functions are optimal,that is,when the cost function is minimal,the estimated state Hkx⌒*k|k-1 is(or in probability) an optimal estimator for Hkxk in OKFs.Then,these cost functions are applied in a multiple model adaptive Kalman filter(MM-AKF),thus an optimized multiple model adaptive Kalman filter(OMM-AKF) is designed.The OMM-AKF can optimize the weights of state estimations,thus a superior state estimation can be obtained.Finally,the findings in this paper are verified by some simulations.


The optical properties of a series of nonmetallic and metallic surface films of ca monolayer thickness, which are adsorbed on metal electrodes, have been investigated by means of in situ differential specular reflection spectroscopy over the photon energy range 1.5–5.5 eV. Adsorbed O and oxide layers on Pt, Au and Ni substrates exhibit intense charge-transfer absorption bands (α≃ 105–106 cm–1). The adsorbed H-atom layer on Pt produces an "inverse electroreflectance effect". The effects of adsorption of monolayer Ag atom films on the oxidation of Pt electrodes were studied optically. The optical properties of very thin Ag films on Pt differ markedly from those of bulk silver and very rapidly with increasing film thickness.


The challenge of this research is the conceptualisation, from the service science (S-S) perspective, of the methodological research guidelines for empirical case-studies and frameworks to describe and compare the value creation interactions of stakeholders when they evolve their operations from the current operations mode to Industry 4.0 (I4.0) mode. From the literature review we found some contact points between the pragmatist paradigm, I4.0 and service science theory. This philosophical approach is in line with the pragmatist paradigm, involving inductive and deductive logic and mixed methodology, using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The main goal is to provide a framework to better understand the problems raised from digital transformation, assuming, as much as possible, a posture that reflects social justice, collaborative networks and sustainability as basic principles.


Through analysis impurity of aluminium sulfate solution,altogether tell the reason of aluminium sulfate in settlement and separate,the use of allytamide in settlement and separate,altogether the effect of aluminium sulfate settle down of the reason.


The comprehensive plan of land utilization is by no means the constructive plan or the plan of arable land but it should be the plan of resource allotment.The compiling of the plan program chiefly rests on the mode of the plan.The enforcement of the implementation degree should be built on the management system combined by the respective soft and hard control and it should be established on the serial implementation system which consists of the macro and micro plans,and the integrity of spreading maps,making sure of them and getting response.Besides,it should be based on the public participation and the production system of the plan.


Radio-over-fiber orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (RoF-OFDM) technology is negatively affected by laser phase noise and chromatic dispersion optical fiber. These impairments normally generate inter-carrier interference (ICI). An extreme learning machine (ELM)-based receiver for RoF-OFDM schemes is proposed to diminish the ICI effect. The introduced ELM method, composed of various hidden layers, is designed to real-time perform the phase-noise estimation to the received signal, based on the adoption of the pilot subcarriers as the training set, as well as the ELM benefits: good generalization and speed learning. Numerical results show that by appropriately setting the number of hidden nodes, the ELM with three hidden nodes achieves a lower bit error rate (BER) than the benchmarking pilot-assisted equalization and the rest of the ELM approaches reported in the literature.


In some emergent behaviors, the roads of evolution are not clear. Two of those traces are the cooperation between individuals and the feelings toward fairness, observable in some animal species. Somehow, time has created humans with propensity to cooperate, foregoing the selfishness that seems rational and that is even predicted by classical economy. To know how to maintain or instigate the institutions that promote those behaviors, may be the key to solve a wide range of actual problems, from environment sustainability to economic welfare. To understand this phenomenon, it is useful to model simple but paradigmatic situations, that translate episodes of daily life. Ultimatum Game is one common metaphor from Game Theory that allows the study of fairness and punishment of unfairness. Although it is vast the literature that addresses this game in a form of pairwise interaction, it is not clear what would be the effects of playing it within a group. This work proposes a generalization of Ultimatum Game, namely, it suggests the new N-Person Ultimatum Game. Within this new framework, it was our desire to study possible mechanisms that promote fairness among groups. To achieve this purpose, we resort to computational simulations of multiagent populations, where each agent acts and learns using the processes proposed by Evolutionary Game Theory. We concluded that the number of needed persons to accept a proposal has a huge influence on the emergence of fair proposals and on the selective pressure of punishment, properties that a two person game is not able to capture. If, for instance, is required unanimity to accept one proposal, the offered values tend to be fairer. We also verified the multiple points of convergence that may be obtained, when we assume that the population is organized in complex structures, where each agent is able to play in different number of groups of different sizes. In a general way, we concluded that uncertainty leads to fairness.


Article history Received: 2 October 2020 Accepted: 9 October 2020 Published Online: 26 October 2020 The development of big data has brought unprecedented challenges and opportunities to the teaching reform of higher education. Property insurance course is the core course of economics and management, and it is the guarantee for the supply of talents in the health financial market. Big data technology and data economy put forward innovative requirements for its teaching objectives, teaching content, and teaching system. In China's new round of double-first-class universities and disciplines, big data is an important foundation and driving force. The comprehensive integration of property insurance and big data is reflected in: Cultivate students' big data thinking; Cultivate students' practical application ability based on market employment needs; Build a new discipline system of applied economics, and achieve good coordination between property insurance courses and other disciplines; The government, enterprises and universities form a strategic partnership to jointly participate in the development and construction of courses; The formulation of government policies can have a better governance effect on the development of higher education and talent training.


SWUIS is a compact, low-cost ultraviolet/visible/infrared imaging system designed for remote sensing observations from a manned platform in space. SWUIS operates in two modes: (1) telescope science mode (TSM), and (2) camera science mode (CSM). The main hardware components in TSM consist of an 18-cm UV-transmissive Maksutov-Cassegrain telescope feeding an intensified CCD (ICCD) camera. The detector is an ICCD imaging camera sensitive to UV/visible/near-IR wavelengths that frames at video rates. Data is output from the ICCD as an RS-170 video signal and recorded onto a video recorder. A custom window mounting bracket allows SWUIS to attach to the Space Shuttle side-hatch window for UV observations (and which could be adapted to fit aboard an ISS window). In TSM, SWUIS has a field-of-view (FOV) that can be varied between 0.3–0.6° (full cone). In CSM, SWUIS operates with the ICCD and an attached wide-field lens giving a FOV of 12.5°. SWUIS collected >4.1×105 images of comet Hale-Bopp in 1997 on its maiden vo...


The electrical resistivities and absolute Seebeck coefficients of 99.8 at. % niobium with a RRR of 36, Nb-4.8 at. % W, Nb-5 at. % Mo, Nb-10 at. % Mo, and Nb-2.4 at. % Mo-2.4 at. % Zr were measured from 80 to 1600/sup 0/K, and the thermal conductivities of the niobium and Nb-5 at. % W were measured from 80 to 1300/sup 0/K. A technique is described for measuring the electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient of a specimen during radial heat flow measurements of the thermal conductivity. The transport property results, which had uncertainties of +-0.4%for electrical resistivity and +-1.4% for thermal conductivity, showed the influence of tungsten and molybdenum solutes on the transport properties of niobium and were used to obtain the electronic Lorenz function of pure niobium, which was found to approach the Sommerfeld value at high temperatures.


This study presents a summary of experimental data of K-shell fluorescence yields (ωK) published in the period of time between 2010 to february-2017. The fluorescence yields (ωK) of elements in the range 23≤Z≤60 taken directly from different sources were reviewed and presented in a table form. Finally, the experimental and empirical values in the literature have been reported and commented.


There is a wide variety of contemporary shorelines in southeastern Florida. Distinctive types range from rocky platforms, tidal flats, mangroves and marshes, to sand and gravel beaches. Because the natural sequence of shorelines in the urban coastal corridor from Miami to Palm Beach is partly obscured by dredge and fill operations initiated in the early 1920's, some coastal segments are subject to re-interpretation. Analysis of early aerial photographs, old coastal charts and bore log data indicates a much more complicated sequence of Recent coastlines than is generally appreciated. Before development, much of the coastal zone contained complicated networks of fresh-water marshes and lakes with lagoons, bays, and sounds lying behind extensively developed spits. The larger spits prograded southward (downdrift) forming long coastwise sounds that eventually led into fresh-water marshes such as Lake Mabel (now Port Everglades). When new inlets were cut to link the ICW with the sea, the spits were beheaded to form what are now called barrier islands. After subsequent inlet stabilization with inadequate sand bypassing, some spits became welded to the shore and others eroded away. Extension of boundaries marking the back sides of barriers landward into the marshes, to the position of the ICW, is notmore » only an erroneous definition of barrier island width but dangerous for emergency (storm surge) planning because the barriers were never this wide. Beach ridge plains, ridge and swale topography, dune-covered limestone ridges, and some fossil reefs such as Key Biscayne have in addition been mistakenly identified as barrier islands.« less


Hyphomycetes (ascomycetous and basidiomycetous anamorphs) comprise numerous genera and species that have been difficult to place in fungal phylogeny. In this commentary, autobiographical notes preface a new analysis of reproductive structures in many hyphomycetes. This adopts the premise that many of the more complex examples of conidiophores and conidia represent condensed hyphal systems. Many new and potentially useful taxonomic characters are described, which are particularly applicable to computer-based synoptic keys or databases, but should also be considered by those describing new taxa or redescribing existing ones.Key words: moulds, taxonomy, conidia, conidiophores, morphogenesis, branching.


The FDA recently announced an oncology-specific Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents prescribed under approved indications: The APPRISE program.


Not available. Key words: Universe The Himalayan Physics Vol.1, No.1, May, 2010 Page: 89-89 Uploaded Date : 28 July, 2011


In this paper, a link between $q$-difference equations, Jacobi operators and orthogonal polynomials is given. Replacing the variable $x$ by $ q^{-n}$ in a Sturm-Liouville $q$-difference equation we discovered the Jacobi operator. With appropriate initial conditions, the eigenfunctions of such operators are either $q$-orthogonal polynomials or the modified $q$-Bessel function and a newborn the $q$-Macdonald ones. The new Polynomial sequence we found is related to the $q$-Lommel polynomials introduced by Koelink and other. Adapting E. C. Titchmarsh's theory, we showed the existence of a solution square-integrable only in the complex case. As application in the real case we gave the behavior at infinity for $q$-Macdonald's function. Finally, we pointed out that the method described in our paper can be generalized to study the orthogonal polynomial sequence introduced by Al-Salam and Ismail


A structure enjoys the Herbrand property if, whenever it satisfies an equality between some terms, these terms are unifiable. On such structures the expressive power of equalities becomes trivial, as their semantic satisfiability is reduced to a purely syntactic check.


Research continues toward the goal of treating type 1 diabetes by replacing insulin-producing beta cells. Ideally, such treatment would be safe and long-lasting and would eliminate the need for subcutaneous insulin replacement. This article reviews the current state of beta-cell replacement through transplant of the whole pancreas or of islet cells. It also looks at the "bionic" pancreas and other future challenges. Chief among the challenges: millions of people have diabetes.


On the face of it, a detailed study of the history of a medium-sized Scottish voluntary agency may seem interesting yet hardly relevant to the billionpound welfare industry which now contains social work. However, Viviene Crce's investigation, originally written as a PhD thesis, skilfully draws upon original documents and interviews with key participants to show both how the many changes experienced by Family Care (as it is now called) reflected some of those occurring in social work at large and also how they explain the position it is in today.


It is widely believed that different parts of a classical Chinese poem vary in syntactic properties. The middle part is usually parallel, i.e. the two lines in a couplet have similar sentence structure and part of speech; in contrast, the beginning and final parts tend to be non-parallel. Imagistic language, dominated by noun phrases evoking images, is concentrated in the middle; propositional language, with more complex grammatical structures, is more often found at the end. We present the first quantitative analysis on these linguistic phenomena—syntactic parallelism, imagistic language, and propositional language—on a treebank of selected poems from the Complete Tang Poems . Written during the Tang Dynasty between the 7th and 9th centuries CE, these poems are often considered the pinnacle of classical Chinese poetry. Our analysis affirms the traditional observation that the final couplet is rarely parallel; the middle couplets are more frequently parallel, especially at the phrase rather than the word level. Further, the final couplet more often takes a non-declarative mood, uses function words, and adopts propositional language. In contrast, the beginning and middle couplets employ more content words and tend toward imagistic language.


THE CLASSICAL REVIEW Plato's philosophy to the work of modern continental philosophers (Bergson, Schopenhauer, Heidegger, and Jaspers) who are not widely read in this country, even by philosophers. After this interlude we return to the central themes with an excellent chapter on Plato's Letters, which is notable for its spirited defence of the authenticity and importance of the Second Letter, and for some remarks on ancient autobiography which could well form the startingpoint for a full-scale study. The remainder of Part II consists of chapters on various special topics. Besides Huntington Cairns's paper there are chapters on Plato's physics, his geography, and his ideas on city-planning. Both Friedlander and Huntington Cairns illustrate Plato's influence on later developments in the many departments of theoretical and practical reflection in which he was a pioneer. The specific theme of the last chapter is the relation between Plato's Alcibiades and the digression of Polybius on the education and character of the younger Scipio, but its more general concern is with the influence of Socrates and Plato on the Romans. Most of the chapters in Part II are reprinted from journals; they are all too specialized to cohere very well with each other or with the more general essays in Part I, but they do form useful appendixes to the general interpretation offered in Part I.


Longitudinal spin transport in diluted magnetic semiconductor superlattices is investigated theoretically. The longitudinal magnetoconductivity (MC) in such systems exhibits an oscillating behavior as function of an external magnetic field. In the weak magnetic-field region the giant Zeeman splitting plays a dominant role that leads to a large negative magnetoconductivity. In the strong magnetic-field region the MC exhibits deep dips with increasing magnetic field. The oscillating behavior is attributed to the interplay between the discrete Landau levels and the Fermi surface. The decrease of the MC at low magnetic field is caused by the s-d exchange interaction between the electron in the conduction band and the magnetic ions. The spin polarization increases rapidly with increasing magnetic field and the longitudinal current becomes spin polarized in strong magnetic field. The effect of spin-disorder scattering on MC is estimated numerically for low magnetic fields and found to be neglectible for our system.


Background: Migraine is a very common disease. Studying the pathological changes in the brain is important for understanding the mechanisms underlying migraine headache. Previous research work has given conflicting results. This study aimed to investigate the functional, metabolic and microstructural changes in the brain of migraine patients without aura.
Methods: This study included 42 migraine patients without aura in the interictal period and 11 age and sex matched controls. All participants were subjected to clinical assessment, assessment of the habituation to visual evoked potentials, assessment of the peak metabolic ratios by H-MRS and diffusion tensor imaging of the brain to test for regional microstructural changes.
Results: The amplitudes of VEPs showed significant reduction in control subjects (P < 0.01), but not in migraine patients after repeated stimulation and significant increase in migraine patients compared to controls (P < 0.01). H-MRS showed significant decrease of NAA/Cr (P < 0.01) and increase of Mi/NAA (P < 0.001) and Cho/Cr (P < 0.05) PMRs in the thalamus and occipital lobes in migraine patients compared to controls. DTI showed significant changes in the FA, AD, MD, RD values in the thalamus, occipital lobe and insula in migraine patients indicating microstructural changes in these areas. All changes showed significant correlation with the intensity, frequency and duration of migraine episodes, but not with the duration of migraine disease.
Conclusion: Migraine patients without aura showed increased excitability to visual stimulation and significant metabolite and microstructural brain changes that correlated with the severity, not the duration of the disease. These changes need to be confirmed in a large scale longitudinal studies.


In this paper, a linear time-varying model predictive control (LTV-MPC) steering controller for vehicle trajectory tracking considering road factors is proposed. Combined with the vertical load component force caused by road inclination angle and bank angle, the full-vehicle dynamics model considering the vertical load was established. In addition, the rollover limit and sideslip limit caused by road surface factors are considered and analyzed in this paper, and they are considered as two of the constraint conditions in the optimal solution of LTV-MPC. The simulation results show that the control accuracy of the MPC controller considering the road surface factor has more than doubled compared with the regular MPC, and it has good robustness to complex road surface while meeting the real-time requirements.


The synthetic route and improved process for the preparation of pazufloxacin mesilate were studied.Compound was synthesized from(S)-9,10-difluoro-3-methyl-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido [1,2,3-de]]benzoxazine-6-carboxylate by nucleophilic substitution,hydrolysis and selective decarboxylation,cyclic addition,hydrolysis.Hofmann degradation and salt formation,its overall yield was 60.0%.The chemical structure was confirmed by elemental analysis,IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,MS.This synthetic route is suitable for industrial manufacture.


In this experiment, the vacuum pre-cooling experiments on the three types of vegetables have been conducted and the comparisons of temperatures among Chinese cabbage, cabbage and potato at different inside depths versus time and the effects of the pressure in vacuum container on vacuum pre-cooling for different vegetables have been carried out. Besides, the effects of the vegetables covered with water or not on the weight loss of vegetable has also been assayed.


Understanding the interactions between mycobacterium and host cells is important for developing new therapeutic strategies for tuberculosis prevention and treatment. Due to the fast-growing and nonpathogenic nature, Mycobacterium smegmatis has been widely used as the model system for studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis . In the present study, the slow growing Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine strain of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) and the fast growing M. smegmatis mc2155 were used to infect murine dendritic cells (DC2.4). Our results showed that BCG survived a longer period of time than M. smegmatis in host cells. Quantitative proteomics was carried out to identify differentially expressed proteins between BCG- and M. smegmatis -infected DCs. The results showed that mc2155-infection activated the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, leading to upregulation of AIM2, IFI204, IFIT1 and ISG15, whereas BCG-infection had little effects on the proteome of host cells. Secretome analysis indicated that expression levels of C-C motif chemokines, ISG15, TNF, and IL-6 were increased in the medium of M. smegmatis -infected cells while they were less changed in the medium of BCG-infected DCs, suggesting that infection by the fast growing mycobacterium promoted cytokine and chemokine release to enhance clearance of infected cells. This was confirmed by ELISA analysis showing that a higher amount of INF-γ was produced when mouse spleen-derived immune cells were infected with M. smegmatis than that produced by BCG infection. Furthermore, we showed that ISG15 overexpression blocked the entry of mycobacteria into host cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the fast growing M. smegmatis elicits stronger innate immune responses than the slow growing mycobacterium, resulting in quick clearance of mc2155 in host cells. Upregulation of ISG15 in mc2155 infected cells inhibited endocytosis of mycobacteria.


0123456789 54] Abstract To improve the machining efficiency and reduce the overall manufacturing cost, a new model of machining hypoid gears by tilt cutting method is setup. Unlike the traditional cradle-style mechanical machines, the new model has no cradle and eccentric drum, the tool swivel drum is controlled by NC system. Firstly, according to its special structure, the mathematical model of the machine tool is built, an algorithm is developed to calculate the motional parameters. After building the machine tool model by the software Vericut, cutting simulation is performed. Based on the comparison of gouge and excess amount between simulated model and theoretical model, the tooth cutting experiment is conducted. Then, measurement and rolling detection for the hypoid gears is performed. The results indicate the rationality, reliability and accuracy of newly designed model of the milling machine. Moreover, the proposed method of calculating the motional parameters is feasible, which would be meaningful for future industrial application.


In order to determine the position and speed of the main satellite in the micro-nano satellite formation, this paper proposes a micro-nano satellite measurement algorithm based on federal filter. First, three-axis magnetometer and magnetoresistive sensor are used to measure the position and speed of the main satellite due to the uncertainty of the distribution of the geomagnetic field. Since in the place where the earth's magnetic field changes relatively, the sudden change of the satellite state will be obvious, then the strong tracking filter and the particle filter are used to solve the sudden change in the satellite motion and the low precision. Finally, the information fusion method is used to combine multiple filters to improve the performance. The simulation results show that the proposed measurement method can not only track the state of the satellite in real time, but also reduce the measurement error and achieve accurate measurement.


ABSTRACT Necessary stability conditions depending on the Lyapunov matrix for neutral-type systems with commensurate delays are presented. In order to obtain them, further results are introduced: the computation of the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional of complete-type by a new Cauchy formula and the introduction of identities that relate the fundamental and the Lyapunov matrix of the system. The main result is illustrated by some examples.


In the 16th century, it is quite frequent to claim that the sphere of the supernatural and that of the stage are ontologically linked. In the theoretical works as well as in the plays themselves, the actor is depicted as a shadow, and the performance, as the appearance of the dead. Shakespeare's art bears the imprint of this poetics of the unseen, whose origins date form the Antiquity. Therefore, if this conception far precedes the 20th century, it has been reaffirmed since the 1900's by producers who's intention was to put forward the staging as an art. Craig, Vitez and Brook now define the stage as a space capable of seizing unseen forces and retain, from this definition, a dramatic essence more properly suited to the theatre itself Staging stops being considered as an elementary translation of the text, and gains its autonomy. The visible world becomes the field of the written text, and the invisible that of its performance. Based on Shakespearian staging experiences, this idea made of Hamlet's ghost the paradigm of the theatrical reality, which is and is not. Through a selection of Hamlets, this work discusses the genealogy of this metaphysical theory of the staging, and examines its limits.


The aim of the study was to investigate workers' perceptions of the acoustic environment of offices and study its relations to work performance and well-being. Questionnaire results from 11 companies and 689 respondents were analyzed. Occupants in private rooms and open offices were compared. Noise was the main indoor environmental problem in open offices. Speech was the most distracting source of noise in both office types but the degree of disturbance was lower in private rooms. About half of open office occupants and 20 % of occupants in private rooms were dissatisfied with acoustics. Office noise disturbed particularly conversations and tasks relying on working memory and verbal processes, such as text comprehension and creative thinking. Routine tasks were little disturbed by noise. In open offices, attempts to cope with noise reflected risk factors to individual productivity and wellbeing, such as taking extra breaks, compromising the quality of work, working overtime and exerting oneself harder. Self-estimated waste of daily working time due to noise was twofold in open offices. Open office workers experienced more stress symptoms, particularly overstrain and difficulties in concentration, and attributed these symptoms to office noise to a greater extent than workers in private rooms. Possibilities to influence issues related to one's work and work-space privacy were lower among open office occupants. The results suggests that private rooms are superior to open offices in all respects.


Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of stage-based intervention on smoking cessation in patients with hypertension.Method Eighty-nine patients with hypertension(current smokers and ex-smokers) were recruited from a hospital in Suzhou and were divided into two groups by randomized number table.The experimental group(n=44) received the stage-based intervention while the control group(n=45) received routine smoking cessation education.The stage improvement,daily cigarette consumption and blood pressure were compared between two groups monthly untill three months after discharged.Results After three months,the stage improvement in the experimental group was significant(P0.01),while no significant change in the control group(P0.05).Daily cigarette consumption was less in the experimental group than in the control group(three months after discharge,P0.01).However,there was no significant difference in the blood pressure between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion The stage-based intervention can promote the willingness to quit smoking and decrease daily cigarette consumption for patients with hypertension.


It has long been known that 'good' architecture and quality design are public goods, as they have been shown to increase surrounding property values, create a sense of community, and provide a catalyst for future development. What is less clearly understood is the individual user's demand and willingness to pay for good architecture; if there is a positive externality to quality architecture on the surrounding buildings, tenants, and bystanders, then there must exist a 'socially optimal' level of design that may or may not be equal to the optimal level as measured by the private market. Through interviews with industry leaders and policy makers, and a careful reading of relevant literature, this study seeks to investigate the discrepancy between the socially and privately optimal levels of design, and to determine the degree to which 'good' architects or 'good' architecture can affect private returns to private developers or owners. More simply put: does there exist a private market for 'good' architecture within the market for real estate? Thesis Supervisor: Lynn Fisher Title: Assistant Professor of Real Estate


Li4Ti5O12/(Cu+C) composite as anode material for lithium-ion batteries was synthesized by chemical deposition combined with thermal decomposition of a mixture of Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O,C6H12O6 and Li4Ti5O12.The structure,morphology and electrochemical performance of samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),galvanostatic charge-discharge test,cyclic voltammeter(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The results showed that surface coating of Cu and C on Li4Ti5O12 particle improved its electronic conductivity and therefore enhanced the performance of the circulation and ratecapability.The discharge capacity of the composite were 168.2,160 and 140.6 mAh·g-1 at 0.5C,1C and 3C rateafter 50 cycles,and the corresponding capacity retention were 88.7%,84.4% and 71.2%,respectively.EIS test proved that surface coating of Cu and C on Li4Ti5O12 particle could decrease its charge transfer resistance greatly.


Based on the facts of colleges and universities, this paper discusses the problem of building scientific research laboratory, expounds how to build the laboratory better and improve the teaching quality, and points out the future direction of building and developing scientific research laboratory.


Neutrophils released a proportion of their potentially injurious granule constituents during phagocytosis of particulate aggregated γ-globulin. Lactic dehydrogenase was not liberated and the cells were not lysed. Electron microscopic observation revealed at least four related morphologic mechanisms for the release of granule enzymes. Extrusion of granules was observed primarily into vacuoles. However, occasions were noted when such vacuoles might be open to the exterior: a) When a vacuole apparently opened to allow additional material to be taken into it; b) When a vacuole remained connected to the exterior by a narrow slit; c) When two cells were involved in phagocytosis of a single particle (aggregate); and d) When extrusion of granules preceded the complete closing of pseudopods around the aggregates.


Research about butterfly valve's flow characteristics had been achieved about pressure loss factor of valve, cavitation, torque characteristics, flux control characteristics and valve performance etc. mainly. LNG must equip durability with enough intensity having intention because transport and stored in ultra low temperature state of - 162℃. Specially, when work migration, efficiency of valve and highly stability are required. But, an experiment is impossible effectively to problem of huge expense to embody a engineering experiment about cryogenic fluid flow. Therefore, achieved CFD analysis that allow to Reynolds averaged Navier- Stokes equation. It used commercial code CFX11.0 to achieve study hydromechanics about triple eccentric butterfly valve's flow characteristic and other physical design argument. At first, produced flow coefficient by CFD that apply water by working fluid. Because comparing it with typical value, verified validity. And that achieve analysis for cryogenic. state. Eddy flow and pressure change that develop to valve disk rear of various turbulence model in this study applied predictable k-w SST(Shear-Stress Transport) model comparatively


Introduction Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women with more than 85% of the burden in developing countries. In Uganda, cervical cancer has shown an increase of 1.8% per annum over the last twenty years. The availability of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine presents an opportunity to prevent cervical cancer. Understanding how the health system in�uences uptake of the vaccine is critical to improve it. This study aimed to assess how the health systems is in�uencing uptake of HPV vaccine so as to inform policy for vaccine implementation and uptake in Mbale district, Eastern Uganda. Methods We conducted a cross sectional study of 407 respondents, selected from 56 villages. Six key informant interviews were conducted with District Health O�cials involved in implementation of the HPV vaccine. Quantitative data was analyzed using Stata V.13. Prevalence ratios with their con�dence intervals were reported. Qualitative data was audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using MAXQDA V.12, using the six steps of thematic analysis developed by Braun and Clarke. Results 56 (14%) of 407 adolescents self-reported vaccine uptake. 182 (52.3%) of 348 reported lack of awareness about the HPV vaccine as the major reason for not having received it. Receiving vaccines from outreach clinics (p=0.02), having many options from which to receive the vaccine (p=0.02), getting an explanation on possible side-effects (p=0.024), and receiving the vaccine alongside other services (p=0.024) were positively associated with uptake. Key informants reported inconsistency in vaccine supply, inadequate training on HPV vaccine, and the lack of a clear target for HPV vaccine coverage as the factors that contribute to low uptake. Recommendation We recommend training of health workers to provide adequate information on HPV vaccine, raising awareness of the vaccine in markets, schools, and radio talk shows, and communicating the target to health workers. Conclusion Uptake of the HPV vaccine was lower than the Ministry of health target of 80%. We recommend more training of health workers to clearly provide adequate information on HPV vaccine, increasing awareness about the vaccine to the adolescents and reaching out to adolescents in and out of school for vaccination..


10 Chapter 1: Introduction 11 1.1 Background 11 1.2 Research area, question and objectives 12 1.3 Researcher interest in the subject 14 1.3.1 Academic background 14 1.3.2 Professional background 14 1.3.3 Sport background 14 1.4 Contribution of the study 15 1.5 Limitation and scope of the subject 15 1.6 Organization of the dissertation 16 Chapter 2: Literature review 17 2.1 Soccer, the most popular game of the world 17 2.2 Women's soccer: background and evolution of the sport 20 2.2.1 The French case 20 2.2.2 The American case 22 2.3 Culture and women's soccer 25 2.3.1 Perception of the sport and women involved in soccer 25 2.3.2 The impacts of international events and national teams 27 2.4 Strategies, media, sponsorship and promotion of women's soccer 29 2.4.1 In the USA 29


Hydrosol of Fe(OH)_3 prepared by rapid thermal hydrolyzation was used to create a precursor of iron nano-particle,which could catalyse the growth of carbon nanotube in a CVD process.Randomly distributed and aligned carbon nanotubes film were prepared by this technique.These carbon nanotube films were applied in a prototype of field emission display.Field emission characteristics,especially its field emission stability and degradation with time,were tested in detail.The field emission current fluctuated significantly at the beginning of the test.After about twenty hours ageing process,fluctuation of the current was decreased significantly.After the ageing process,1mA/cm~2 was achieved under 3.7v/μm.15000h lifetime with a degradation within 30% was confirmed by a detailed lifetime test over 20000h.


The book under review appears in the 'Key Themes in Ancient History' series, whose expressed goal is 'to provide readable, informed and original studies of various basic topics, designed in the first instance for students and teachers of Classics and Ancient History' (p. ii). It is gratifying to see this series include an introduction on the ancient Jews from the pen of S. For as S. notes (pp. 17–18), while the Jews constituted a sizable and significant minority in the Graeco-Roman world, they have been sorely neglected by the vast majority of classicists and ancient historians. The book divides, quite neatly, into six chapters, each devoted to a particular historical period: 'Beginnings to 200 BCE'; 'Maccabean Revolt and Hasmonean Dynasty'; 'Herod to Florus'; 'The Jewish Revolts, 66–135 CE'; 'Jews in the High Roman Empire'; and 'Jews under Christian Rule'. The treatment, accordingly, is essentially historical-chronological, as S. proceeds from one epoch to the next, with an emphasis placed on the various revolts (Maccabean, Great Revolt, Diaspora, Bar-Kokhba) and their aftermaths. In selecting S. to write this book, the series editor has chosen someone well suited to the task, for he controls the Greek and Latin sources masterfully, and he is able to integrate the Hebrew and Aramaic sources as well. None the less, I have serious issues with the overall treatment. As we know from S.'s earlier publications, and as he himself admits in the current volume (p. 102), he takes a minimalist view regarding both the sources and the trajectory of Jewish life. Comments such as 'Josephus' coverage of earlier periods is spotty and unusually unreliable' (p. 17); 'a single dubious and hard-to-parse statement by Josephus' (p. 103); 'There is only one dubious story, told by Origen' (p. 105); 'in the unlikely event that we can trust the reports in Acts' (p. 108) pepper the narrative. While I am not advocating a naïve acceptance of the ancient sources, clearly if one holds such an extremely sceptical position, then, yes, there may be little that one can say about subject x, y or z. The consequences of the minimalist view on the literary sources can be balanced by attention to the epigraphic sources, though unfortunately S. does not take full advantage of these valuable inscriptions (scores of which are gathered in convenient fashion by M. Williams, The Jews among the Greeks and Romans: a Diasporan Sourcebook [1998]). These epigraphs attest to a vibrant Jewish society under both domains, with individual Jews engaged as potters, weavers, butchers, musicians, perfumers, conveyors, bankers, financiers, retailers, doctors, advocates, silk-mercers, goldsmiths, tent-makers, THE CLASSICAL REVIEW 537


Photoalkylation of tetracyanobenzene and benzil with (n-Bu)3SnSiMe3 or (n-Bu)3SnSn(n-Bu)3 proceeds via electron transfer. In these reactions, the Sn–C bond of (n-Bu)3SnSiMe3 and (n-Bu)3SnSn(n-Bu)3 is cleaved in preference to the Sn–Si and Sn–Sn bonds. Similar cleavage of the Sn–C bond is also observed in mass spectra of these group 14 organometallic compounds.


Photodecarbonylation of the 1,3-diphenylinden-2-one-substituted maleimide adducts (9a and b) gave the sterically stabilised o-quinodimethanes (3b and c), which undergo 1,5-sigmatropic shift of the imido-group rather than alkyl migration.


A regioselective introduction of a methoxycarbonyl methyl group at the C(2) position of unsubstituted pyridine has been accomplished with catalytic amounts of copper(II) triflate in mild reaction conditions. The N-acetyl-1,2-dihydropyridyl acetic acid methyl ester obtained is a valuable building block for the synthesis of new polyfunctionalized piperidine derivatives bearing unconventional substitution patterns.


Objective:To improve nursing skills of students and explore the teaching method for nursing skills.Methods:103 college students were divided into control group and experimental group at random.The control group take the traditonal teaching methods,the experimental group was introduced with concepts and procedures of evidence-based nursing.Results:The score of nursing skill test in experimental group was much higher than the control group.Conclusion:The way of introduction the evidence-based nursing into the nursing skill teaching,not only facilitate students to have a better grasp of nursing skills,inspire the Interest in learning and boost their comprehensive ability,but also promote teachers to update their knowledge timely,keep informed with Development trends and cutting Edge Information,which could improve teaching capability comprehensively.


The 100 MHz 1H NMR spectrum of vinyl-p-anisyl-dithiophosphinic acid trimethylsilylester is analyzed by iterative methods. Data for ABCX and [AB]2X spinsystems are reported.


Casey et al. correctly identified a need for clarification regarding the detection limits we reported for two PCR assays (Jerde et al. 2011). Serial dilutions of purified PCR amplicon DNA (not total genomic DNA) were used to evaluate sensitivity. One microliter of purified amplicon DNA from each assay was added to 25 μL reactions and the lowest detectable concentrations were approximately 207 copies/μL of DNA (3.30 × 10−8 ng/μL) for bighead carp, and 7 copies/μL of DNA (7.25 × 10−10 ng/μL) for silver carp. We determined the maximum sensitivity of our assays under ideal laboratory detection conditions because the detection limits of any PCR assay for bulk environmental samples is contingent on the complexity of the assayed DNA solution and water quality characteristics (Thompson et al. 2006). This clarification about the type of DNA used in the assay, that is amplicon DNA rather than total genomic DNA to determine maximum sensitivity, eliminates the concern of Casey et al. regarding credibility of our eDNA assays. No conclusions or observations reported by Jerde et al. (2011) are affected by the concerns raised by Casey et al. including: the sensitivity of eDNA surveillance exceeding that of traditional monitoring tools (Figure 3; Jerde et al. 2011); the presence of Asian carp above the electric barrier where eDNA first detected them (Figure S1; Jerde et al. 2011); and the eDNA approach, which has been applied by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers using the protocols and procedures from our study resulting in similar detection patterns (http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/AsianCarp/eDNA.htm). Finally, a number of recent studies demonstrate that eDNA is a reliable index of the occurrence and abundance of rare aquatic macrofauna (Dejean et al. 2011; Goldberg et al. 2011; Minamoto et al. 2011; Thomsen et al. 2012).


Liquid carbon resistivity ρ (just after the melting) diminishes with rising of input energy and pressure P (for P - lower than 50 kbar). Far above melting point, at high pressure (higher ∼ 50 kbar) liquid carbon resistivity rises sharply, up to 3000 ∝Ω⋅cm. It was shown that the liquid carbon (as some other metals, for example W, Li) has one and the same property: a denser phase (in liquid state) has higher resistivity.


Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a very rare, aggressive, mesenchymal neoplasm that displays both spindle cell and epithelial histologic characteristics. To our knowledge, there are only 20 documented cases of primary laryngeal SS in the English language literature among all age groups and only three case reports among the pediatric population. Due to its rarity, recognition of this laryngeal neoplasm is often very difficult, and diagnosis relies heavily on immunohistochemistry and its unique translocation between chromosome X and 18 [t(X; 18) (p11.2; q11.2)]. The treatment of SS typically involves a multimodal approach with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation but despite these options the prognosis remains poor.Here we report the fourth laryngeal SS pediatric patient along with a review of all SS published cases in children. The current report is not only presenting the youngest patient with laryngeal SS but also the pediatric patient with the longest survival.


In this paper, a Topas based six head star structured cladding with hexagonal shaped hollow core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been proposed for methanol detection in liquid samples in the THz spectrum. The cladding geometry of the proposed sensor is filled with air and the core is filled with different liquid targeted analytes. Comsol v5.3a software has been used for numerical investigation of sensing properties through the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results show the highest sensitivity of 98.4% and negligible confinement loss of 3.34×10−19 cm−1 at the operating frequency of 3 THz. Besides, the proposed PCF is also displayed ultra-low material absorption loss of 0.002 cm−1 at the same frequency. Additionally, fabrication feasibility and comparative performance analysis are also stated here in detail.


The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant nylon material for a high-humidity and high-pressure environment. The formula of the material comprises, in percentage by weight, 0-20% of PA (polyamide) 6 resin, 26-79.3 parts of PA66 resin, 0-10 parts of a toughening agent, 0.2-1 part of an antioxidant, 0.5-2 parts of a lubricant, 0-1 part of a hydrolysis resistant agent and 20-40 parts of alkali-free glass fiber. During preparation, all raw materials excluding the alkali-free glass fiber are uniformly stirred by a high mixing machine, the alkali-free glass fiber is introduced during extrusion processing, the mixture is cooled, air-dried, granulated and subjected to strong magnetic treatment, and the material is obtained. The high-temperature resistance of the material in the high-humidity and high-pressure environment is remarkably superior to that of alkali-free glass fiber enhanced nylon 66, and due to excellent processing performance and mechanical performance, the application of nylon in medical equipment, electrical and electronic appliances, automobile engines and other high-end fields with very severe use environments can be greatly expanded.


With the rapid development of communication technologies,the function of the communication system is more powerful,the performance is higher and higher and the structure is more complex.On the other hand,communications systems technology research and product development cycles become shorter and shorter.This is because the powerful computer-aided analysis design techniques and simulation technologies are used.By the deep research on the communication system,this article has a initial results of the coal mine communication system modeling and simulation.Which has certain reference value for coal mine communication system researchers.


PURPOSE: A wallpaper type LED lighting device using printed electronic technology is provided to be easily installed and removed by forming the lighting device flexibly and lightly to be attached on a wall. CONSTITUTION: A flexible substrate(100) is made of a soft synthetic resin material. An LED array is composed of a plurality of LED devices. The LED devices are formed on the substrate using printed electronic technology. A controller(300) drives the plurality of LED devices. A power supply unit(400) supplies power to the controller. The LED device is a p-n junction ZnO LED device. A through hole is formed on the substrate to expose the p-n junction ZnO LED device.


Through several studies which included Information and communication technology (ICT) in education it became obvious, that the teacher may not be replaced by technology, but has to play a major role in the education process. As mobile phones are widely spread in South Africa, concepts for teaching with mobile devices and teacher training have been developed and attempted in South Africa in the manner of ICT for Development (ICT4D). A comparative study of such concepts applied in South Africa and Germany is conducted and synergy effects shall be identified. Remark: In this article, the term ICTs will be used in the sense of new media, digital media and mobile media.


The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the effect of steel fibers on the compressive strength of cement mortar at elevated temperature. 168 nos. of cubic cement mortar blocks (25 mm  25 mm) were prepared with and without steel fibers. The blocks were crushed at different elevated temperatures ranging from 250-650 C after curing of 3 and 7 days. The effects of cooling time on the compressive strength were also studied. The test results indicate that the temperature, cooling time and percentage of steel fibers affect the compressive strength of cement mortar significantly. Compressive strength increases with the increase of temperature up to 450 C and beyond that, it gradually decreases. Mortar with 4% of steel fibers at 450 C depicts the highest compressive strength regardless of the cooling time. It is also observed that the compressive strength of cement mortar increases with the increase of cooling time.


In this paper, cosmological aspects of metric‐affine gravity with hyperfluid are studied. The equations of motion of the theory are obtained by varying the action with respect to the metric and the independent connection. Subsequently, considering a Friedmann‐Lemaître‐Robertson‐Walker background, the modified Friedmann equations in the presence of a perfect cosmological hyperfluid is derived. Especially, a particular case in which is focused, considering purely shear hypermomentum and finding exact solutions in the weak coupling limit.


Abstract This study was performed to examine the properties of takju containing added Glycyrrhiza uralensis ethanolextract (GUEE) at 10 o C for 12 days. Change in TBARS values was lower in the takju with GUEE as compared to control.The total viable cell count and yeasts cell count of all samples remained constant over the storage period. The brix of the takju treated with 0.5% GUEE (3.8-4.3) was higher than that of the control (3.8-4.0). Suspension stability and yellownessincreased as the added concentration of GUEE increased. After 12 days of the storage, the pH level of the 0.5% GUEE takju was 3.9, which was 0.2 higher than that of control. In terms of acidity, the 0.5% GUEE takju ranged from 0.269to 0.282, whereas the acidity of the control ranged from 0.294 to 0.302. In treated Takju with GUEE represented at treated takju with GUEE had the positive effects toward improving its preservation and quality. Key words: Glycyrrhiza uralensis, takju, shelf-life, quality 서론 탁주는 전분질 원료와 국을 주원료로 하여 발효시킨 술덧을 혼탁하게 제성한 것을 말한다(1). 다른 술과는 달리 탁주는 각종 풍부한 영양분이 많이 함유되어 있는데, 인체 내의 신진대사에 관여하는 필수 아미노산, 특히 일반 곡류에 적은 lysine이 많이 함유되어 있으며(2), 누룩의 protease에 의한 분해산물인 valine,leucine, serine, proline, glycine 등의 amino acid도 많이 함유되어있다(3). 또한 vitamin B


RFCC is an economically important process in refinery that involves complex interactions between yields and operating conditions. This paper will focus on the use of catalyst in order to maximize profits while accounting for CO2 emissions. Based on a literature review a conceptual model is proposed and three scenarios for increasing profits are proposed: i) decreasing the catalyst to oil ratio, ii) blending coked catalyst with the regenerated catalyst, and iii) decreasing the incidence of the valuable rare earth oxides in the catalyst. The conceptual model is applied to data found in [12] in order to analyze the possible scenarios. Base on the analysis it is concluded that each of the scenarios have a positive effect on the total profits generated, with the decrease in the c/o ratio having the greatest impact. The highest profit is obtained through combining all three scenarios.


This paper explores a value specification option to better meet a core information need in protected area management for recreation and conservation. It does not debate the meaning or definition of values, but instead identifies a perspective on values that is aimed at meeting practical conservation management needs. The first part of that perspective involves extracting from the wider values discourse some working pragmatic definition of what 'Conservation Values' are. The second involves clarifying how the priority attributes and features of conservation values could be considered management 'assets.' Then it describes how the Department of Conservation (DOC) in New Zealand is beginning to implement value-in-place specifications through its Visitor Asset Management System (VAMS). Future directions required to advance this implementation further through a wider range of conservation value considerations are discussed.


The American political landscape exhibits significant polarization. People's political beliefs cluster around two main camps. However, many of the issues with respect to which these two camps disagree seem to be rationally orthogonal. This feature raises an epistemic challenge for the political partisan. If she is justified in consistently adopting the party line, it must be true that her side is reliable on the issues that are the subject of disagreements. It would then follow that the other side is anti-reliable with respect to a host of orthogonal political issues. Yet, it is difficult to find a psychologically plausible explanation for why one side would get things reliably wrong with respect to a wide range of orthogonal issues. While this project's empirical discussion focuses on the US context, the argument generalizes to any situation where political polarization exists on a sufficiently large number of orthogonal claims.


The present disclosure relates to a method of cleaning gas turbine engine component used for a sounder (84). More specifically, in one embodiment, the method includes a sounder (84) is positioned in the cleaning position of the gas turbine engine component (10) (89) at. For example, the cleaning position (89), typically characterized by the accumulation of dirt on the surface thereof. Thus, the method includes transmitting an acoustic wave at a predetermined frequency via a sounder (84) towards the cleaning position (89) member (88), so that the soil dispersant.


Using dropping sliver electrode instead of dropping mercury electrode to do polarographic analysis of Pb,can get good waveshape and avoid lots of mercury pollution,thus can realize the polarographic analysis of Pb without mercury.


The generalized T2 chart (GT-chart), which is composed of the T2 statistic based on a small number of principal components and the remaining components, is a popular alternative to the traditional Hotelling's T2 control chart. However, the application of the GT-chart to high-dimensional data, which are now ubiquitous, encounters difficulties from high dimensionality similar to other multivariate procedures. The sample principal components and their eigenvalues do not consistently estimate the population values, and the GT-chart relying on them is also inconsistent in estimating the control limits. In this paper, we investigate the effects of high dimensionality on the GT-chart and then propose a corrected GT-chart using the recent results of random matrix theory for the spiked covariance model. We numerically show that the corrected GT-chart exhibits superior performance compared to the existing methods, including the GT-chart and Hotelling's T2 control chart, under various high-dimensional cases. Finally, we apply the proposed corrected GT-chart to monitor chemical processes introduced in the literature.


Lymphedema, a chronic disease caused by failure in the lymphatic system, affects nearly 500,000 people in the U.S., and over 2.4 million breast cancer survivors are at-risk for developing this disease at some point in their life. Early detection and management can significantly reduce the potential for symptoms and complications; however, many patients fail to seek medical assistance at the first sign of the disease. In this paper, we present a method for measuring limb volume and for detecting early swelling associated with lymphedema. The system relies on IR imaging sensors, such as in the Microsoft Kinect. This technique will allow for the future development of tools for self-management and specialist monitoring, and when compared to other commercially available devices, our system is less expensive, equally or more reliable/accurate, and much more user friendly.


We present preliminary results relating to laser emission at 3:16 µm from a Dy fiber laser that is diode pumped at 800 nm. To allow strong diode pump absorption and to capture improved quantum efficiencies resulting from cross relaxation, the Dy:ZBLAN fiber was co-doped with Tm ions in a 10 to 1 concentration ratio to Dy. A resonant energy transfer from Tm to Dy provides an inversion on the 6H13/2 to 6H15/2 transition. Maximum output power of 5.5 mW at a slope efficiency of 1.3 % was produced from a highly non-optimal arrangement. System performance is bench marked against well established resonant pumping of the Dy upper state. Measurement of fluorescence lifetimes of both dopants allows for qualitative assessment of the energy transfer efficiency. A potentially detrimental energy transfer mechanism is identified and discussed.