Background: While the short- and median-term survival has improved considerably in patients with Fontan circulation, cardiac function and exercise capacity are still reduced and may deteriorate over time. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for the assessment of ventricular volume and function. Speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) is a myocardial deformation technique to assess ventricular function, with promising results. The aim of our study is to validate STE and conventional echocardiography parameters and to compare them with CMR. Furthermore, we aimed to design a diagnostic algorithm applying some parameters in series for early detection of myocardial dysfunction. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional single-center study in 64 patients with Fontan circulation. Longitudinal and circumferential strain, strain rates, and conventional echocardiographic measurements were registered. Ventricular volumes and ejection fraction (EF) were obtained by CMR. Results: Seven patients presented ventricular dysfunction (EF <45% by CMR), without showing a significant correlation between STE parameters or conventional measures by echocardiography and CMR. After the application of the diagnostic algorithm with the optimal cutoff points (global longitudinal strain – 24.5%, global circumferential strain – 20%, and annular plane systolic excursion – 16.5 mm), we got a sensitivity rate and a negative predictive value of 100%. In 19 patients (40.1%), the absence of ventricular dysfunction was demonstrated without no false-negative cases. Conclusions: STE should be considered a complementary diagnostic tool in Fontan patients. These suggested parameters applied in series are a useful tool for identifying early ventricular dysfunction and for diagnostic tests improvement with a fewer CMRs in the follow-up of these patients.


This paper investigates the pull-out resistance of a steel reinforcing bar embedded in a strain hardening hybrid fiber reinforced concrete that utilizes both polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) microfibers and hooked-end steel macrofibers. Both unconfined and specimens confined with transverse steel spiral reinforcements were investigated. Pull-out tests on rebars embedded in unconfined concrete revealed brittle splitting failure whereas rebars embedded in unconfined HyFRC exhibited ductile frictional pull-out behavior. The high early rebar pull-out resistance in HyFRC is linked to an improved pull-out resistance of the steel macrofibers due to the micro/macrofiber synergy. Steel macrofiber pull-out tests revealed that the PVA microfibers are very effective in enhancing the pull-out resistance of the steel macrofibers which then lead to an overall performance enhancement of the rebar pull-out resistance.


Microsoft Windows 2000 represents a major change in desktop and network operating systems. This latest Windows operating system includes many new features and technologies that will potentially benefit users and Information Technology (IT) managers on the Boulder campus. However, along with the increased functionality comes an increase in complexity. Windows 2000 must be integrated into our existing IT infrastructure to manage and support its method of directory service, security and authentication, and resource sharing. Information Technology Services' (ITS) goal is to gain an indepth understanding of the Windows 2000 technologies and design a framework for its deployment. This includes the design, implementation and management of the Active Directory and the Kerberos 5 realm. It will also include modifying the existing Domain Naming System (DNS) to handle the specific requirements of Windows 2000. We will document this information and make it available to users on our campus. We will also maintain a test environment where interested network administrators can carry out their own testing and gain experience with the new operating environment. This paper will describe our proposed solutions and the rationale for them.


Objective To investigate the state of medical sharp instrument injury in nurses,and formulate its countermeasure. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed for the state of medical sharp instrument injury in the nurses in our hospital by ap- plying Registration Form of Medical Sharp Apparatus Wound" of Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Results 248 cases (69. 27%) had encountered with medical sharp instrument injury out of 368 nurses.Conclusion The occurrence of nursing sharp instru- ment injury is associated with working age years,nonstandardization of operation procedure and types of medical sharp instru- ments,The corresponding countermeasure should be taken to reduce the occurrence of medical sharp instrument injury and nursing occupational exposure so as to ensure occupational safety.


The breaking of hard and thick key layers can easily cause dynamic disasters, such as rock burst and mine seismicity, and seriously threaten safe mining. To analyze the characteristics of overburden breakage and law of evolution of separation cracks under mining of hard and thick rock stratum, and to further reveal the process of the occurrence of dynamic disaster, the fracture characteristics of overlying strata during mining were analyzed via similar simulation in this study. The characteristics of surface movement and deformation before and after the breaking of hard and thick strata were then discussed based on the law of overlying rock displacement. Finally, the development law of separation fissure in hard and thick rock stratum was revealed. Results show that the key stages of overlying strata movement during mining are immediate main roof breaking; main roof cycle breaking; and hard and thick rock breaking. The hard and thick strata, which are the key strata, bear the weight of the overlying strata with small subsidence before breakage. Development of the separated stratum stops at the bottom of the hard and thick strata and maintains an unclosed state for a long time, providing the formation space for the accumulation of gas and water in the separated bed. When the hard and thick rock is broken, the subsidence of the overlying strata increases dramatically, and the separated stratum is closed rapidly, inducing gas outburst, water inrush, dramatic surface subsidence, and other disasters in the working face easily. The outcomes of this study are significant to the safe mining of working face under similar geological conditions.


326 PATIENTS UNDERWENT AN ALCOHOL TEST WITHOUT ANY SELECTION PROCESS. FOLLOWING A CLASSIFICATION INTO THREE GROUPS (NEGATIVE, UP TO 0.08 PROMILLE, OVER 0.08 PROMILLE BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT) FURTHER DIVISIONS WERE MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SEX, AGE, NATIONALITY, ACCIDENT PROCESS AND TIME OF EXPOSURE, FAMILY SITUATION, OCCUPATION AND DIAGNOSIS. CORRELATIONS MAY BE MADE BETWEEN THE VARIOUS FACTORS AND SIGNIFICANT FACTORS CAN BE IDENTIFIED.


A selection of written research material not commercially published and not widely disseminated. A selection of U.S. government sponsored technical reports


Paraxial optical systems implemented entirely with thin lenses and propagation through free space and/or Graded Index (GRIN) media are quadratic phase systems (QPS). The effect of any arbitrary QPS on an input wavefield can be described using Linear Canonical Transform (LCT). In this paper, we examine a novel numerical implementation of Fast Linear Canonical Transform (FLCT). We then apply the results in various optical signal processing applications.


The consequences of a decline in soil nitrogen following ploughing of permanent pasture are explored in terms of nitrate export at the catchment scale. The release and build up of reserves of organic nitrogen developed in grassland soils is modelled as a first-order kinetic decay and shows supply-limited hysteresis. In comparison with observed data, overestimates are achieved at times of maximum release of nitrogen reserves, implying that new sinks of nitrogen or the form of nitrogen release needs to be explored.


When the grid-connected inverter output power was equivalent to the power of loads, the passive islanding test might be ineffective. Introduction was made to the principle of active frequency drift (AFD) method with positive feedback to test islanding effect. This paper discussed the possible blind zone by AFD method and based on this method, simulation verification was carried out on Matlab/Simulink platform. The results show that the method to test islanding effect is fast and valid, without test blind zone for special load, to have reached requirements of related islanding test standard.


The growing societal concerns about the environment have led to major changes in the marketplace not only terms of products and services but also in terms of strategies and marketing campaigns as organizations attempt to match new stakeholders' needs (Furlow, 2010). Unfortunately, lax regulations and policies have opened the door to a new kind of manipulative strategy (Archambeault, DeZoort & Holt, 2008; Delmas & Burbano, 2011; Hahn & Lulfs, 2014) which is refining over the years and is becoming harder to uncover: Greenwashing (Bowen & Aragon-Correra, 2014). It has yet to be further investigated as it remains challenging to define and measure (Bowens Aragon-Correra, 2014).

Several studies focus on determining the ways in which Greenwashing occurs and its outcomes on firms and stakeholders. The mechanisms behind Greenwashing, or its drivers, have yet to be better explored and understood Delmas & Burbano, 2011).

The objective of the following research is two-fold. First, the author aims to expand on the existing Drivers of Greenwashing framework (from Delmas & Burbano, 2011) by investigating CEO leadership style as a driver to Greenwashing. To do so, four leadership styles (narcissistic, transactional, transformational and authentic) are presented and assessed. It is suggested that CEO leadership style will influence an organization's propensity to Greenwash. Secondly, the author attempts to provide empirical support for the Drivers to Greenwashing Framework (from Delmas & Burbano, 2011) as to the author's knowledge, it only has been conceptually determined.

A list of the top 10 Greenwashing firms in America (24/7 Wall Street, 2009) was used to objectively determine the corporations under investigation. Using the zero-acquaintance approach, archival data (such as videos, interviews, etc.) were used to assess the leadership style of the 10 CEOs at the head of Greenwashing companies. Descriptive statistics were used to compare CEOs. Then, in-depth case analyses were conducted to provide empirical support to Delmas and Burbano's framework. Letters to shareholders and annual reports were the primary source of information to determine the corporations' drivers to Greenwash.

Partially due to the small sample size, results do not illustrate a clear pattern concerning the potential influence of CEO leadership styles on an organization's propensity to use Greenwashing strategies. On the other hand, support for 11 out of 12 drivers of Delmas and Burbano's framework is established, although to varying frequency.

This study fulfills its exploratory purpose and promises to be conceptually insightful by joining two major literature streams: leadership and Greenwashing. This research is expected to trigger inspiration for further studies and to lead to important managerial implications, as Greenwashing is a growing challenge that more and more CEOs will have to face and overcome in the future.


Much information has come to light in recent years which bears on the problem of why ketone bodies accumulate in the mammalian body under certain conditions. I propose to discuss in this lecture observations which lead to the concept that ketosis is a disorder of the regulation of metabolic processes rather than an insufficiency of certain enzymes or of key metabolites. Let me first recall the main biochemical facts concerning the accumulation of ketone bodies. It is now firmly established that the bulk of the ketone bodies arises by condensation of acetate which reacts in the form of acetyl coenzyme A (Scheme 1). It is also firmly established that all foodstuffs—not only fats but also carbohydrates and proteins—yield acetyl coenzyme A when they are burned in the body, and are therefore potential sources of ketone bodies. Acetyl coenzyme A can enter many metabolic reactions, but quantitatively the most important one


The crystal structures and phase compositions of Ti 0.7 Zr 0.3 (Cr 1 - x V x ) 2 ( x =0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys are analyzed by the XRD and SEM. The hydrogen storage properties, activation performance, thermodynamics and high-temperature desorption process of the alloys are investigated by pressure-composition-temperature (P-C-T) and DTA-TG measurements. The results show that the Ti 0.7 Zr 0.3 (Cr 1 - x V x ) 2 alloys contain multi-phases, i.e . C36 ( P 6 3 / mmc ) and C15 ( Fd 3 m ) Laves phases and V-based bcc solid solution phases with different lattice constants. When the content of V in the alloy is low, the alloy basically consists of C36 type of Laves phase and small amount of bcc solid solution phase. As the content of V increases, the C36 type transfers into C15 type of Laves phase, where the probability of forming third type of stacking layers (C layers) increases, and the content of the bcc solid solution also increases. The alloys in bulk can be easily activated at 2 MPa and room temperature. The x =0.1, 0.2 al-* loys present excellent activation performance even after exposure in air for 20 d. As V content increases, the hydrogen absorption capacity of the alloy increases whereas the plateau pressure decreases. The relative partial molar enthalpy ( Δ H ) and entropy ( Δ S ) of hydrogen absorption for the alloys are found to be in the ranges of - 7~ - 28 kJ/mol and - 35~ - 95 J/(mol· K). The DTA-TG analysis indicates that the hydrogen release from the hydrides of the alloys occur in two dissolving temperatures within the range of 500~600 K, and some residual hydrides have completely decomposed at heating temperature up to 800 K.


This paper presents the results of a larger study taken from my PhD thesis, referring to children with genetic disorders and congenital malformations. Here I try to emphasize the effectiveness of physical therapy means applied as early as possible in the treatment of congenital malformations. The assessment methods I used were complex, evaluating also the psycho-social components, because the physically disabled children are marginalized by society, this having an impact on the neuro-motor development. This study shows that an individualization of physical therapy intervention can lead to the child's development, from a social, cognitive, motor, and linguistic point of view.


The present invention provides a power line inspection UAV flight path monitoring method and system, to establish a little early or a three-dimensional model of the real transmission line corridor, UAV and superimposed three-dimensional model into three-dimensional real little early or transmission line model of the corridor, Real-time monitoring the relationship between the UAV and the ground, transmission line towers and wires in the transmission line corridors of trees and buildings, as well as unmanned aircraft position data and attitude motion data to help UAV operators an intuitive, comprehensive understanding of no HMI and transmission lines, towers, topography and surrounding environment, able to reproduce the relationship between the environment and the field of UAVs, to overcome the lack of video surveillance.


Abstract : Signal processing algorithms are pursued for the processing of measured forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery. Particular algorithms explored include hidden Markov models and independent component analysis.


Abstract does not appear. First page follows.
 Introduction
 Although many aphid species occur on cultivated strawberries in California, members of the
 genus Pentatrichopus are by far the most important. These aphids cause considerable injury by direct feeding
 as well as by honeydew production, with the resultant development of sooty-mold fungi.
 They are of paramount importance, however, because of their capacity to transmit several
 serious virus diseases of strawberries. (Plakidas (1927)4 and (Vaughan (1933) were the first to transmit the "xanthosis" and "crinkle" viruses with a member of
 this genus. (Massee (1935) proved that the species Pentatrichopus fragaefolii (Cockerell) was a vector of the strawberry virus, "yellow edge." (Demaree and Marcus (1951) transmitted two virus types with the species P. minor (Forbes) and an "unnamed species" (probably P. thomasi Hille Ris Lambers). Although it does not occur on strawberry, P. tetrahodus Walker was reported as an experimental vector of "crinkle" by (Whitehead and Wood (1941). (Frazier and Posnette (1958) reported that P. jacobi (Hille Ris Lambers) was a potential vector of several strawberry viruses.
 The most important members of the genus Pentatrichopus in California are P. fragaefolii and P. thomasi, with the former species occurring somewhat more commonly. P. tetrahodus is found primarily on rose, while P. jacobi occurs almost exclusively on thin-leaved wild Fragaria species. P. minor and P. minor forma dorsalis are known only from eastern North America.
 In many areas, viruses become a limiting factor in the profitable culture of strawberries;
 since control of aphid vectors is one approach to virus control, it is essential to
 have as thorough knowledge as possible of these vectors. It is the purpose of this
 study to provide information on the biology


A search for resonance signals from new physics models was performed using the ATLAS dijet invariant mass spectrum at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The full dataset from the 2012 data-taking period was used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. The analysis covered a mass range from 250 GeV to 4.5 TeV and found no evidence of an excess anywhere in the spectrum. Upper mass limits were set at 95% CL on both modelspecific benchmark new physics signals and on two different generic resonance forms: a Gaussian shape and a Breit-Wigner shape which accounted for pdf and detector effects. The analysis excluded excited quarks below 4.06, heavy W ′ bosons below 2.45, colour-octet scalars below 2.70, leptophobic chiral excited bosons W ∗ below 1.75, and quantum black holes below 5.66 and 5.62 for the Qbh and BlackMax generators respectively.


In 2004, drug user representatives lobbied against the now stalled $17.5m Australian government Retractable Needle and Syringe Technology Initiative due to concerns about inadequate consultation and potential health risks to participants.1 Some drug user organisations have also recently withdrawn support for the Australian Illicit Drug Reporting System (conducted annually since 1997), …


Prevention of mother's fatality and morbidity is the main reason for needed of family planning services. Many women, have difficulties in determining the type of contraception. To deciding which method will be used, influenced by personal factor one of them is age. From the data obtained. The most people usage of contraceptives is injection. The purpose from this research is to know the connection between  age and selection of contraceptive in BPS Mrs. Nanik Suwati, S.ST Kauman Mojosari . This research is using cross sectional planning method with population of acceptors KB injection in BPS Mrs.Nanik Suwati,S.ST Kauman Mojosari in January-April 2014 amount 168 people. A lot of sample was obtained from acceptors KB injection in BPS Mrs. Nanik Suwati, S.ST Kauman Mojosari in the January-April 2014 amount 168 people. This research have been made in 20 May-20 June 2014 on the location of research in BPS Mrs. Nanik Suwati,S.ST Kauman Mojosari which take with non probability sampling technique total sampling, the data collection was using a checklist of secondary data and the data analyzed was using with uji Chi-Kuadrat. From the research result were obtained at most 20 – 30 years of age who choose to inject as many as 66 people a month (39,3 %). The data analyzed by using uji Chi Kuadrat, concluded  so there is a relationship between age with the choice of contraceptive injection in BPS Mrs. Nanik Suwati,S.ST Kauman Mojosari. According with the research result be provided to improve the quality of service about choosing the contraceptive which accordance with the age. Key Words : Age, Choice, Injectable Contraceptives.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to uncover the essence of insider trading, explain why insider trading law is ineffective and provide implications of the effectiveness of the law.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper offers three propositions. The first two are based on a literature review of 62 articles in empirical research to develop an understanding of the essence of insider trading and identify the areas in which insider trading is ineffective. This analysis is used in the third proposition to provide a direction in suggesting effective measures to improve insider trading law.

Findings

The essence of insider trading is that corporate insiders exercise informational monopoly power over their trades. This understanding explains why insider trading law is ineffective because it has not taken away the monopoly power that corporate insiders possess and exercise. This understanding also leads to three antitrust suggestions aimed at improving insider trading law.

Practical implications

The findings may provide assistance to the lawmakers and regulators to make insider trading law more effective and enforcement more simplified.

Originality/value

This paper is of value to other researchers attempting to understand the essence of insider trading and to policymakers concerned about the existence of monopolistic behavior in the equity market and income inequality due to corporate insiders' trading profit.


Interactive teaching is an important teaching method in higher education.But it is difficult for inexperienced junior teachers to carry out.The"Generating Questions by Students"method belongs to interactive teaching and has been testified to be a suitable teaching method in crop breeding course.This method can improve initiative thinking ability of students through encouraging them to generate questions,help teachers get the more useful information of students,grasp the difficulties of the course and enlarge knowledge eyesight through solving the questions,and realize the win-win objective in teaching and learning.


In the framework of the Large Hadron Collider Injectors Upgrade (LIU), CERN is replacing the RF cavities of the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB). The vacuum chambers of the RF system are composed of stacks of 6 ceramic rings, separated by stainless steel tubes, for a total length of about 1 meter. In order to prevent charge build-up on the inner walls of the ceramics during operation and to reduce electron multipacting, a high resistivity titanium thin film is needed on the internal surface of the ceramic rings. A two-step coating process was developed. First, before brazing the stainless steel tubes to the ceramic rings, a low resistivity Ti coating (in the range of 50-100 Ohm) is applied to the chamfered extremities of the ceramic rings by planar magnetron sputtering. The role of this first coating is to ensure a good electrical contact between the stainless steel tubes and the high resistivity film (10 MOhm / square) to be deposited in the second step, once the mechanical assembly of the chambers is finished. In this second step, each ceramic ring is coated individually by a movable cylindrical post magnetron-sputtering source to guarantee the specified electrical resistivity. In this work, we describe the two-step coating process, the coating system and the status of the production of 28 PSB RF vacuum chambers.


To investigate the method by which rabbit mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)could be induced to cardiomyocytes and effect,MSCs isolated from rabbit femoral bone marrow were cultured in cell culture medium and in medium with 5-Azacytidine(5-Aza).Whether the induced cells expressed cardiac-specific protein α-actin and cardiac troponin T(cTnT) was identified by immunocytochemistry and inverted microscope,and the differentiation rate in each group was calculated.The results showed that some MSCs gradually increased in size and formed a stick-like appearance after inducation in experimental group,one month after treatment,most of the long stick-like cells connected with adjoining cells and began to form myotube-like structures,the direction of the cells arraying was similar gradually.Cardiac cell-specific protein α-actin and cTnT expressed positively,the expression rate of cardiac cell-specific protein was different after MSCs was induced by different concentration 5-Aza,of which 10 μmol·L-1 5-Aza was the optimal concentration.These results indicate that MSCs can be induced to cardiomyocytes by 5-Aza in vitro,and which have the characteristics of cardiomyocytes in structure.The optimal concentration of 5-Aza inducing MSCs to cardiomyocytes is 10 μmol·L-1.


This paper extends prior research on the software vendors' optimal release time and patching strategy in the context of cloud computing and software as a service (SaaS). Traditionally, users are responsible for running on-premises software; by contrast, a vendor is responsible for running SaaS software, and the SaaS vendor incurs a larger proportion of defect-related costs than a vendor of on-premises software. We examine the effect of this difference on a vendor's choice of when to release software and the proportion of software defects to fix. Surprisingly, we find that, despite incurring a larger proportion of defect-related costs, it is optimal for the SaaS vendor to release software earlier and with more defects, and to patch a smaller proportion of defects, than the on-premises software vendor. Even though the SaaS vendor incurs higher defect-related costs, he obtains a larger profit than the traditional vendor. In addition, we find that for a vendor who uses the SaaS model, the optimal number of defects after patching may be lower than the socially efficient outcome. This occurs despite the fact that the number of defects after patching in the SaaS model is higher than in the traditional on-premises model.


Many patients with primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) exhibit central nervous system (CNS) involvement either at the diagnosis or during follow-up. The prognosis in the patients of PVRL with relapsed or refractory CNS remains extremely poor. We herein report a patient with refractory PVRL who had recurrence in the spinal cord despite receiving high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy and whole-brain radiotherapy. The patient surprisingly responded to tirabrutinib temporarily. We believe that this case suggests the utility of this new target therapy.


Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), commonly known as Korean or Asian ginseng, is a perennial herb native to Korea and China. There has been limited research effort to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of ginseng germplasm because of its growth habits. In the present study, genetic diversity and population structure of ginseng germplasm conserved in the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC) of South Korea were analyzed to provide basic data for future preservation and breeding of ginseng genetic resources. Seventeen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 1109 ginseng accessions. Among 1109 ginseng accessions, 1042 (94.0%) accessions were landraces and 66 (6.0%) accessions were breeding lines (61 accessions, 5.5%) or cultivars (5 accessions, 0.5%). SSR markers revealed 56 different alleles with an average of 3.29 alleles per locus. The average gene diversity was 0.49. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 91% of allelic diversity was attributed to individual accessions within clusters while only 9% was distributed among clusters. Using discriminant analysis of principal components, 12 clusters were detected in 1109 ginseng accessions. The results of this study provide molecular evidence for the narrow genetic base of ginseng germplasm in NAC. For the broad understanding and efficient use of ginseng germplasm, it is necessary to analyze functional factors and to evaluate morphological traits.


We show how integrodifferential equations typical of jet calculus can be combined with an averaging procedure to obtain jet-calculus-based results including the Mueller interference graphs. Results in longitudinal-momentum fraction x for physical quantities are higher at intermediate x and lower at large x than with the conventional ''incoherent'' jet calculus. These results resemble those of Marchesini and Webber, who used a Monte Carlo approach based on the same dynamics.


New methods have been applied to the dynamics of gas exchange in the tracheal system of pupae of the Cecropia silkworm permitting the direct observation of many features of O2, CO2, and N2 flux that had previously only been deduced from indirect evidence. This system functions so efficiently that water loss is reduced to a value which is approximately the same as that produced metabolically.This work would have been impossible without the stimulating environment provided by C. M. Williams and his students. Their generous supplying of pupae is only one of the many favors for which I am indebted.


: This article discusses the development of domestic tourism in Russia. In order to establish an effective system of tourism industry offers a variety of forms of interaction between government agencies and companies in the industry through the implementation of complex programs, as well as public-private partnerships and cluster concept.


Employability is a topic of discussion for new graduates. Graduates are experiencing difficulties in getting employed due to them being choosy of finding a suitable job, workplace, salary and promotion opportunities. However, the root cause of graduates failing to obtain placements in the industry should be assessed by taking into account the views of the industry itself. The study identified expectations of the industry with regards to generic skills and work commitments of employees in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Quantitative method was used as a method to obtain the data. 124 employers and 179 technicians from 150 small and medium enterprises in the state of Johor participated as the sample respondents. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19, from which data frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations and T-test were computed. Elements of generic skills required by the SMEs in this study were communication skills and professional skills. Besides the criteria of generic skills, work commitment comprising job responsibilities, job satisfaction and workplace environment were three important categories in SMEs. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the expectations of industries for generic skills (p=0.97) and work commitment (p=0.24). Furthermore, it was also reported that there was no significant difference between the expectations of industry for job performance (p=0.93). In conclusion, this study has shown that SMEs have similar expectations of generic skills and work commitments. Based on the findings, a pyramid for generic skills and work commitments was developed and can be used as a guide for new graduates to seek employment.


As introduction, the position of thermal waste disposal as part of the total concept of waste management is discussed. Different possibilities of thermal waste treatment are briefly reviewed and tendencies are shown. The technical and economic capabilities of waste combustion furnaces are substantially influenced by the refractory building materials of the lining. Depending on the conditions of application and the corrosion reactions, the employment of different refractories is necessary. The height of temperature, the possible contact with aggressive melts and stress due to temperature change should be especially considered. The application possibilities of different refractory building materials is comparatively discussed. In particular, the use of SiC-materials and high-alumina-containing materials, etc is considered. The results and conclusions elucidate the trends in the application of varying refractory building materials in relation to their application conditions. L'introduction porte sur une discussion de la position des dechets ayant un pouvoir thermique, dans le cadre d'ensemble de la gestion des dechets. On recapitule brievement les differents traitements possibles pour ces dechets et on degage les tendances. Les possibilites techniques et economiques des fours de combustion de dechets sont considerablement influencees par la nature des revetements refractaires. Il faut employer differents types de refractaires pour tenir compte des emplois et des reactions de corrosion. De particuliere importance sont le niveau de temperature, les contacts eventuels avec des flux agressifs, et les contraintes thermiques. On discute des possibilites offertes par les differents types de refractaires, avec mention speciale pour les materiaux a base SiC et ceux a haute teneur en alumine. Les resultats et les conclusions expliquent les tendances dans l'emploi des differents refractaires, pour des applications variees.


The paper introduced the preparation and test method of SEM samples of portland cement clinker.The effects of sinter-temperature and sinter-time on microstructure of clinker were analyzed.The result show that the microstructure of portland cement clinker correlates closely with calcined system,and under normal conditions,the best calcined temperature is above 1 300℃ and the suitable resident time of material firing in the fire belt is 10~15 minutes.


The invention discloses a method for preparing xylitol with sweet sorghum fermentation residues and belongs to the technical field of biochemical engineering. According to the method, the sweet sorghum fermentation residues are used as a raw material, pretreated with an alkaline method and subjected to solid-liquid separation, then an obtained solid phase is washed to be neutral, subjected to solid-liquid separation after being saccharified by xylanase and subjected to activated carbon adsorption bleaching and ion-exchange resin purification to obtain a xylose purification solution, hydrogen treatment is performed on the xylose purification solution to obtain xylitol concentrate, and the xylitol is obtained after the xylitol concentrate is concentrated, crystalized and dried. According to the method, the fermentation residues left after production of fuel ethanol through solid-state fermentation of sweet sorghum are fully used, high-added-value products such as the xylitol and the like are produced, the utilization rate of sweet sorghum raw materials is effectively increased, and meanwhile, the problem of treatment of a large quantity of sweet sorghum fermentation residues is solved. The xylose solution obtained with the method is almost free of impurities, so that the follow-up xylose purification cost is effectively reduced, and the method has the broad industrial popularization prospect.


Description More prescribed burns and less fossil fuel combustion could help rebalance our relationship with fire More prescribed burns and less fossil fuel combustion could help rebalance our relationship with fire


The reaction mechanism of germene radical with isothiocyanic acid has been investigated by B3LYP method of density function theory:The geometries and harmonic of reactants,intermediates,transition states and products have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G**level.To obtain more precise energy result,stationary point energies were calculated at QCISD(T)/6-311++G**//B3LYP/6-311++G**level.Intermediates and transition states were confirmed by the results of vibration analysis and the IRC calculation.The results indicate that the reaction of singlet state germene radical with isothiocyanic acid has S-atom abstraction channel,insert N-H channel,NH abstraction channel,respectively.The pathway GeH2+HNCS→IM3 →TS2→IM4→TS3→IM5→GeH2S+HNC(P1)was the main one with the lowest activation energy,and the main products were GeH2S and HNC.The pathways of S-atom abstraction with the four-membered ring intermediate were the competitive channel.


Image enhancement is digital image's pretreatment,it can effectively improve the image's entirely or part characters.For achieving the purpose of digital image enhancement,adopting the combination technologies of histogram equalization and high-frequency reinforcement filter to process the image.Making use of the principle which the acutely changed information relates to the high frequency component and integrating with the MATLAB technology,designing and realizing the high-frequency reinforcement filter and using it to process the image.Then base on that technology,as well as using the histogram equalization technology to process the image,the examination result indicates that the two kinds of technologies' union can make the image detail characteristic especially obvious and the sharp of the image especially clear,the effect of image enhancement is better than any using one of the two technologies.


Data precise is often found in real-world applications due to reasons such as imprecise measurement, outdated sources, or sampling errors. Much research has been published in the area of managing in databases. In many cases, only partially aggregated data sets are available because of privacy concerns. Thus, each aggregated record can be represented by a probability distribution. In other privacy-preserving data mining applications, the data is perturbed in order to preserve the sensitivity of attribute values. In some cases, probability density functions of the records may be available. Some recent techniques construct privacy models, such that the output of the transformation approach is friendly to the use of data mining and management techniques. Here data is inherent in applications such as sensor monitoring systems, location-based services, and biological databases. There is an increasing desire to use this technology in new application domains. One such application domain that is likely to acquire considerable significance in the near future is database mining. The information in those organizations are classified using EMV, mean obtained after calculating the profit. Decision tree is constructed using the profit and EMV values which prunes the data to the desired extent. An increasing number of organizations are creating ultra large data bases (measured in gigabytes and even terabytes) of business data, such as consumer data, transaction histories, sales records, etc. Such data forms a potential gold mine of valuable business information. Keywords —Averaging, Classification, Database mining, Decision trees, Knowledge discovery.


This paper investigates the problem of designing a compensating control law for a square invertible nonlinear plant so that the response of the closed-loop system asymptotically matches that of a prescribed, driven, nonlinear model. A set of necessary conditions for achieving asymptotic model matching is established. One of these involves the stability properties for subdynamics which are common to every model matching closed loop. These subdynamics, called the "fixed dynamics," are intrinsically characterized. Based on these results, a new set of sufficient conditions for achieving asymptotic model matching is given. The interrelation between the minimum-phase and vector relative degree properties of a plant and a matchable model are studied. >


The invention relates to novel bicyclic aromatic compounds of high biological activity which exhibit as the general formula (I): (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) well as the use thereof in pharmaceutical compositions for for use in human or veterinary medicine (dermatological, rheumatic, respiratory, cardiovascular and ophthalmologic particular), or alternatively in cosmetic compositions.


Culture (from the Latin cultura, "tilling," "upbringing," "education," "development," "honoring") is a system of historically developing metabiological programs of human life activity (activities, behavior, and intercourse) that ensures the reproduction and alteration of social life in all of its major manifestations.


How to cultivate healthy,responsible and qualified personnel is a very complex and detailed system engineering,and culture of quality education is increasingly valued by major colleges and universities.In Liaoning province,many schools are carrying out exploration of cultural quality education,but there is a lot of confusion of the quality of education in the humanities major school development planning,curriculum,funding and personnel support or even humanities education concepts clarifying.The 'National Long-term Educational Reform And Development Plan(2010—2020)'clearly stated that educating people is fundamental to education,which provides a development opportunity and hope in colleges and universities in Liaoning Province.


This study adopts a systematic approach to the phenomenon of bilingualism of Korean minorities in China,paying special attention to the regularities in code-switching.It identifies seven types of code-switching,including quotation,addressee identification(specification),interjection,reiteration,relative importance of sentence elements(message qualification),private vs.public and presumptive elements.


Natural Killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity is a critical mechanism of the immune system to respond against harmful stimuli. The development of emerging cell therapies, such as CAR-NK cells, requires a deeper characterization of cultured NK cells. Here we show a phenotyping of ex vivo and in vitro NK cells, and demonstrate how high quality and reliable reagents from BioLegend ensure a more in depth cytotoxic analysis. NK cells were isolated from fresh human PBMCs, using our MojoSort™ Human NK Cell Isolation Kit, and incubated at different ratios with Tag-it Violet™ stained K562 target cells in IMDM + BioLegend's Cell-Vive™ T-NK Xeno-Free Serum Substitute, in the presence of CD107a-PE. Cells were then harvested for surface phenotyping and the supernatants were collected for cytokine analysis using LEGENDplex™ Human CD8/NK Panel. Tag-it Violet™ and Apotracker™ Green staining of K562 cells demonstrate significant decrease in proliferation and significant increase in apoptosis, respectively. Surface staining of CD107a reveals increased degranulation of both CD56 brightCD16 −and CD56 +CD16 +NK cells that correlates with increased apoptosis of K562 cells. Supernatant cytokine analysis revealed significant increases in Granzyme A and B, Perforin, and Granulysin, among others. Taken together, these results show a more complete picture of the phenotypical and functional state of NK cells by measuring target cell killing as well as characterizing NK surface markers and secreted molecules involved in NK-mediated cytotoxicity. BioLegend reagents are designed to address ever increasing needs for deeper understanding of immunological processes and support the demand to develop sophisticated and consistent cell-based therapies.


Ultracold plasmas are formed by ionizing laser-cooled gases. The spatial disorder in the initial plasma state gives rise to rapid ion heating called disorder-induced heating. The heating rate depends on the electron temperature because lower temperature electrons more effectively shield neighbouring ion charges from one another. We illustrate the effect of electron shielding on the ion thermalization rate in ultracold plasmas.


Assessing the global economic outlook is a fundamentally important task of international financial institutions, governments and central banks. In this paper we focus on the consequences of the rapid growth of emerging markets for monitoring and forecasting the global outlook. Our main results are that (i) the rise of the emerging countries has sharply altered the correlation of growth rates among the main economic areas; (ii) this is clearly detectable in forecasting equations as a structural break occurring in the 1990s; (iii) hence, inferences on global developments based solely on the industrialized countries are highly unreliable; (iv) the otherwise cumbersome task of monitoring many i?½ and less studied i?½ countries can be tackled by resorting to very simple bridge models (BM); (v) BM performance is in line with that of the most widely quoted predictions (WEO, Consensus) both before and during the recent crisis; (vi) for some emerging economies, BMs would have provided even better forecasts during the recent crisis.


Oberonia mucronata (D.Don) Ormerod & Seidenf. is characterized by its dense flowered racemose inflorescence, petals with erose-toothed margin, and tri-lobed lip with dentate margin. A brief description and images are provided here for easy identification of the species along with a report of its new distribution record in Gujarat State.


Objective To probe into the curative effect and the operative method of decompression by large craniectomy and synangiosis to treat cerebral extensive infarction.Methods A total of 59 cases who underwent decompression by standard craniectomy or decompression by large craniectomy and synangiosis to treat extensive infarction between 2000 and 2006 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.The curative effect was assessed according to Barthel Index(BI)and modified Rankin Scale(RS).Results All patients were followed-up after operation.One month after operation the patients underwent decompression by standard craniectomy with a mortality of 17.9%,BI of 26.9±21.4 and RS of 4.1±2.3;patients underwent decompression by large craniectomy and synangiosis with a mortality of 16.1%,BI of 43.6±22.7 and RS of 3.2±1.6.Six months after operation patients underwent decompression by standard craniectomy with a mortality of 28.6%,BI of 38.7±29.5 and RS of 3.8±2.4;patients underwent decompression by large craniectomy and synangiosis with a mortality of 19.4%,BI of 57.1±34.8 and RS of 2.1±1.9.Conclusion Decompression with modified large craniectomy and synangiosis for treatment of cerebral extensive infarction can significantly increase the survival rate and improve patients' living quality,in which operation techniques are essential.


A method for producing a cement-containing material, in particular a cement-containing material having a low content of soluble Cr (Vl) which comprises the step of providing a cement-containing material with metallic sulphate particles coated with at least one product of the hydrolysis of a collagen material such as gelatine. It is also provided a method for reducing the content of Cr (Vl) in a cement-containing material and a cement-containing composition which comprises a cement and a metallic sulphate particles coated with at least one product of the hydrolysis of a collagen material. It is further provided the use of metallic sulphate particles coated with a collagen derived material as an additive in a cement-containing composition.


We introduce an improved method to split overflowed nodes of R-tree spatial index called the Corner Based Splitting (CBS) algorithm. Good splits produce an efficient R-tree which has minimal height, overlap and coverage in each node. The CBS algorithm selects the splitting axis that produces the most even split according to the number of objects, using the distance from each object centre to the nearest node's MBR corner. Experiments performed using both synthetic and real data files showed obvious performance improvement. The improvement percentage over the Quad algorithm reached 23%, while the improvement percentage over the NR algorithm reached 37%.


The consolidation method by exploding is a new treatment technique in soft soil ground.To analyze the variation of the exploding effect in ground,this paper presents numerical simulation of single hole powder exploding in soft ground through finite element method.On the basis of verifying the result of calculation with that of in situ measurement,the paper examines the main affected zones in the soil due to powder exploding in single hole.Different cover pressure and explosive dosage are further studied.For the problem of single hole powder exploding in soil,the ALE algorithm is used to resolve the aberrance of mesh.The result indicates that the time for the cover pressure taking effect was after an exploding,not on the exploding.Dissipation of pore water is the most contributing factor for the effectiveness.The explosive dosage has important influence on the spacing of holes and vertical drainage channels.


Future air traffic management systems will consist not only of enhanced ground equipment, but also upgrades and new systems on board aircraft. One way to incentivize aircraft equipage is through prioritization of flights operated by equipped aircraft in traffic management initiatives. In this paper, the principle of best-equipped, best-served is examined as to its potential role in incentivizing equipage and enhancing the efficiency of Ground Delay Programs through the lens of several important policy issues pertaining to the allocation of these benefits. Three alternate allocation methods recognizing equipage in conjunction with schedule order and other parameters are described. These methods are evaluated using a case study at Newark Liberty International Airport, a delay-prone node in the airspace system of the United States. Several equipage scenarios are examined, with particular attention paid to both the magnitude and distribution of the benefits realized from integrating best-equipped, best-served...


Interaction of plasma filaments with the main chamber during ELMs, and to lesser extent during inter-ELM periods, might be an issue for the first wall lifetime in future burning plasma reactors such as ITER. However, the understanding of the ELM filament transport in the scrape-off layer (SOL) is still incomplete. This is partly because important ELM filament parameters, such as the radial propagation speed or the electron temperature, are measured only sporadically. One of the key quantities, the ion temperature in ELM filaments, Ti fil, is not measured at all on the filament time scale. We present the first fast measurements of Ti,fil in the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) far SOL, obtained from a new E×B analyser [1]. Type I ELMs were sampled with the acquisition frequency of 2 MHz in the discharges with the total heating power of 13.2 MW. The measured Ti,fil tends to decrease over an ELM, similar to the ion saturation current density in ELM filaments. These observations provide evidence that primary, more intense filaments are characterized by larger radial propagation speeds, consistent with some earlier observations [2] as well as the interchange modelling [3]. The measured Ti,fil agrees with the predictions from a simple fluid model of the ELM filament transport in the SOL [4]. At the same time, Ti,fil averaged over an ELM is consistent with the ELM ion temperature obtained from earlier retarding field analyser measurements in AUG [5].


In classic natural law the issue of constitution was related to the laws, institutions and practice of organising and directing states and the political system. According to this understanding, every political system of town-state had a constitution. The contemporary meaning of constitution nevertheless gained specific and valuable foundation: today the constitution means the establishment of a special form of political organisation. Contemporary constitutions talk of limited government. With a constitution, political power is constituted and limited at the same time. Some states are constitutional because they have a limited and responsible government and others are not. In the latter case, we are talking about states that have a constitution, but do not have constitutionalism. After civil revolutions, constitutionalism becomes the central mechanism of control of political power and ensuring freedom. This text opens up the question of whether the Statute of Korčule of the year 1214/1265, as a normative projection of municipal organs in the Town and Island of Korčula (assembly of all people, duke, grand council, small council, curia, utility services...), provided the base for researching the (dis)continuity of "ancient constitutionalism" and classic rational, uniform and contractualistic forms of modern constitutionalism which is based on the constitution as the highest legal act and court control of constitutionality. In conclusion, the Statute of the Town and Island of Korčula, as a unique normative crossword puzzle of medieval institutions, special freedoms and multi-level jurisdictions, represented a real historical platform. From this platform all those bearers of power who implemented power could be controlled and balanced either within legal boundaries or they strived for absolutism and corruption.


The melting of Arctic Ocean is accelerating,and the opening of Arctic Passage is approaching. The opening of Arctic Passage will change the pattern of global maritime transport and affect ports' competitive landscape and international shipping center layout. The matter of influences of the Arctic Passage's Opening on Chinese northern ports and these ports' countermeasures is put forward in this paper. The prospects of Arctic navigation is analyzed first,then its influences on Chinese northern ports from the level of competition,location,hinterland,network structure and port industry are elaborated. In the next part,the SWOT analysis is done for these ports; in the end,some countermeasures are put forward,such as improving port layout,strengthening infrastructure construction,formation of strategic alliances,opening Arctic shipping line,increasing scientific and research input,cooperating with the Arctic nations,and participating affairs about Arctic Passage's opening.


This paper presents a longitudinal quantitative architectural study of Salix 'Prairie Cascade', a hardy pendulous willow cultivar developed for the Canadian Prairies. Trees were propagated from cuttings in 1993 and detailed measure- ments were obtained on amount of extension growth, orientation of shoots with respect to gravity, and the fate of buds and shoots until 2000. Instead of the mixed axis model of Champagnat typically ascribed to weeping willows, upright main-stem axes were constructed by vigorous, mostly distal shoots that remained more or less upright. The pendulous habit was largely the result of lateral shoots that were initially upright or semi-pendulous, drooping under their own weight to become pendulous. The pendulous habit was exacerbated by the weight of foliage. Sylleptic shoots were frequently in- corporated into the main-stem axes. From original 1993 shoots, 40% of the buds developed into sylleptic shoots compared with 29% that developed into proleptic shoots. Two orders of sylleptic branching were often produced in one year. Willow is known for branch shedding but only 7% of 'Prairie Cascade' shoots were shed in the first year; however, more than half were gone by the third year and most of those remaining were located on the upper half of parent shoots.


MILI TOMANIC AND LINDA HARTMAN add new meaning to the phrase "money talks." In this profile on the design of banknotes for the new Republic of m Slovenia, they point out how the portraits, text, and graphics of the currency highlight history and individual talent as key elements in the identity of the new nation, while simultaneously creating an image of the country as confident, dynamic, and looking forward to stronger ties with the West.


Abstract Mathematics learning process at MTsN Panampuang Ampek Angkek still dominated by teacher while many students are not active. Generally, they just accepted what the teacher have explained. When teacher gave them chance to ask, no body of them asked about what teacher explained. It is difficult to know of student understand or not about material explained.The lack of studentsactivities in learning make students result was low. One of the efforts to solve the problems is applying cooperative type of snowball throwing along with the quiz. Based on data analysis found that the snowball throwing along with the quiz better than learn mathematics with using conventional learning at MTsN Panampuang Ampek Angkek. Keywords : cooperative learning, snowball throwing , matemathics learning


We identify a species of experiment—Kon-Tiki experiments—used to demonstrate the competence of a cause to produce a certain effect, and we examine their role in the historical sciences. We argue that Kon-Tiki experiments are used to test middle-range theory, to test assumptions within historical narratives, and to open new avenues of inquiry. We show how the results of Kon-Tiki experiments are involved in projective (rather than consequentialist) inferences, and we argue (against Kyle Stanford) that reliance on projective inferences does not provide historical scientists with any special protection against the problem of unconceived alternatives.


We argue on the need for a dedicated medium access control (MAC) for Vehicular VLC (V-VLC). The huge unlicensed spectrum that can support high throughput applications and the intrinsic security due to the LOS requirement make visible light a viable candidate for use in vehicular communications. In some first research work, the directionality of V-VLC has been considered and an initial conclusion was that the small collision domain leads to negligible interference and, thus, dedicated mechanisms for medium access are unnecessary. However, in a more realistic simulation setup using the Luxembourg mobility model, we are able to show that, in certain geographical areas, the number of transmitters seen at a single receiver can easily grow up to 30. Considering packet transmissions, the interference-induced packet loss can be substantial, reaching up to 13 % during rush hours. We thus make the case that this packet loss should be mitigated with a dedicated MAC for coordinated access control in V-VLC.


Nowadays, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have drawn expanding consideration as an option framework for little scale mobile power generation. Therefore, in order to get an economic yet high performance SOFC, the operation temperature was lowered to 600'C range. In this attempt, Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt (LSC) was used as a cathode material. The performance of Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt (LSC) also depends on the different thickness of LSC cathode. The thickness were prepared from one to five layer with constant temperature at 600 °C. The Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt (LSC) was belong to ABO3 perovskite oxide family. The perovskite was used to improve the cell design. Perovskite materials have been widely used as cathode materials in SOFCs due to high oxygen ionic conductivity and as ion-transport membranes for oxygen separation and production. Dip coating method was used to fabricate a porous structure of LSC cathode. The suspensions was prepared by sol-gel dip coating. The sol-gel precursor was prepared by mixing ethanol, LSC powder and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a ceramic binder. The crystalline structure was analyse using X-Ray Diffraction and the morphological structure was analyse by using Atomic Force Microscope. Therefore the grain size and crystallization of Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt (LSC) was discuss.


The article examines the main problems and obstacles to the functioning of the economy of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law. An analysis and assessment of the amount of damage caused to business and the civilian population during hostilities was carried out. The growth of negative trends in the environment of the functioning of enterprises was revealed, in particular, we are talking about breaks in logistics chains and risks of business reorganization. It has been proven that the war created a high level of uncertainty in Ukrainian business, as a result of which we observe the appearance of more and more new enterprises that stop their economic activity. The influence of the war on the export and agricultural potential of Ukraine is studied. It has been found that the war increases the risks of a global food crisis every day. It has been proven that the agricultural sector of Ukraine needs significant help and support. The set of main factors that help support the agricultural market of Ukraine was considered, and the latest state programs for supporting and stimulating the agricultural sector of Ukraine, as one of the most strategically important sectors of the economy, were evaluated. An analysis and assessment of the current state of business and its sectoral transformation in war conditions has been carried out. The main problems that prevent business from recovering and functioning effectively in war conditions are identified, and potential sources of assistance for Ukrainian business are identified. The peculiarities of state policy in the conditions of martial law are considered and the main directions of business development of Ukraine in the conditions of war are highlighted. Attention is paid to the state program of business relocation, as an effective tool for protecting enterprises and ensuring their functioning in critical conditions of war. Considerable attention is paid to the policy of state crediting, in particular to the program of concessional crediting «5–7–9%», as an effective tool that helps to support and activate business activities in the conditions of war and to provide effective support to agricultural producers who currently work in extreme conditions. The effectiveness of the introduction of a zero lending rate and the abolition of the excise tax on the import of gasoline and diesel fuel into Ukraine has been proven. It is worth noting that our economy is currently operating in extremely difficult and extreme conditions, and our research proves Ukraine's urgent need for effective economic solutions, which, in particular, the government implements through measures of state support and stimulation of business development in our country in these difficult times.


BACKGROUND
Laproscopic single-site surgery is the natural evolution of minimally invasive surgery.

METHODS
A 70-year-old male was planned for a resection of a gastric GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor). A Triport trocar (Olympus, Aartselaar, Belgium) was placed through a 2-cm periumbilical incision. Besides the placement of a Nathanson liver retractor in the subxiphoidal position, no additional trocars had to be added. The partial gastrectomy was carried out by using clinical prototypes of double-bended intruments and of a "goose neck" videolaparoscope, all specially designed for single-port surgery.

RESULTS
Total operative time was 140 minutes, and estimated blood loss was 10 mL. No intra- or postoperative complications occurred. Hospital stay was 4 days. Final pathology revealed the complete resection of a GIST tumor of gastric origin.

CONCLUSIONS
We have demonstrated the technical feasibility and described the detailed surgical technique of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery gastric wedge resection.


This article is an examination of the operating cost crisis facing the American transit industry. First, some historic roots of the current problems are examined, indicating that the problems are not as recent as is often asserted. Second, some of the causes of operating losses are examined and explained. Trends in operating costs and their components are examined among four specific transit operations in the United States, in order to illustrate the fact that causes of recent trends are complex, and that attempts to explain them in terms of one or two simple generalizations are inadequate. Based on these findings, some tentative conclusions of relevance to transit policy makers are presented.


After hearing the presentations about Islamic law by Professor Vogel and recent scholarship in the field by Peri Bearman, I hope you are convinced that the Law of the Islamic World is a subject of great breadth and complexity. What I would like to do now is describe how the Harvard Law School Library attempts to support teaching and research in this field. My talk will deal with the scope of collection development, acquisition strategies, processing standards, reference demands, and user education. I will also touch briefly on problematic areas and our hopes for future developments. Among the materials distributed after lunch, there is an eight-page handout, which, I hope, will highlight key points as my talk proceeds. At the end, there may still be adequate time for a few questions and discussion before we return to the Caspersen Room for the reception.


Since the end of the Second World War, Maoist-inspired revolutions based on the People's War model have swept through Southeast Asia like a raging prairie fire. The two most carefully studied of all the Southeast Asian revolutionary struggles are those of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) against the British in Malaya, and that of the Vietminh, Vietcong and Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DVRN) in Vietnam. With good reason, these two case studies have become "meta-models" in the art of revolutionary war and counter-insurgency (COIN). The successful containment of the Malayan Emergency spelt the only victory won by a Western democracy against practitioners of revolutionary warfare, while Vietnam stood out as the first case of the success of the People's War model when it defeated two major Western powers in succession. This paper thus relies on the above two paradigms to explain the COIN approaches of the Americans (dominated by military annihilation) and the British (shaped by decades of imperial policing) in Southeast Asia. By examining the British experience in the Malayan Emergency and that of the Americans in the Vietnam War, this paper explores the two distinctively different trajectories that British and American military cultures took, which ultimately determined their respective response to revolutionary war in Southeast Asia. The focus is on the British and American approaches in the following four key components of COIN strategy—utility of military force, civil-military relations, population security and propaganda—for it is in these four crucial areas that the battle for hearts and minds takes place. The state's performance within this interconnected quadrant ultimately dictates the success or failure in countering revolutionary war, simply because it is through them that the power of the word and deed is most keenly felt by the population and the revolutionary. Many students of COIN have acknowledged the importance of the credibility factor but none have addressed its pertinence within an integrated approach to COIN and counter-revolution. This paper thus demonstrates that insurgencies and revolutionary wars are, by their ontological nature, "credibility wars" and, as such, credibility is the cornerstone—the sine qua non—in any COIN campaign.


A connector assembly comprising a housing (102), carrying conductors (332, 334) and interlock conductors (308, 310). A conductive housing having a first connector receiving member and a cavity (700) shunt. The bifurcated cavity conductor channel (704) and interlocking the conductive member receiving a second channel connector (702). Carrying conductors (332, 334) in the housing and extending through the conductor channel (704) and into the cavity (700). Interlock conductors (308, 310) in the housing and extending through the interlock passage (702) and into the cavity (700). When the conductive member and the second branch connector interlocking mating conductor of the first connector, interlock conductors (308, 310) closes the interlock circuit. When the interlock circuit is closed, current carrying conductors (332, 334) fitted to the conductive member of the first connector start to transmit current through the current carrying conductor.


Radioisotopic agents which are selectively concentrated in tumors are po tentially useful in the diagnosis and localization of neoplasms by scintillation scanning. Observations made by one of us (K.G.S. ) on rats bearing transplantable sarcoma suggested that 75Se selenite ( SeO3 ) might be such an agent. Twenty four hours following the injection of this ion into the rats, radioactivity was con centrated in the tumor and virtually excluded from skeletal muscle and normal brain. Tumor-to-brain concentration ratios from 10 to 13 to 1 were obtained. Using 75Se selenite in humans we have successfully localized intracranial neoplasms as well as tumors in the chest and abdomen. This report presents the preliminary results of a clinical evaluation of this agent together with data on its distribution and biological fate in man.


By searching statement Select Distinct... and cursor, We'll get appointed row's data(unrepeated value) from the dynamic changing data list. The data will be set as the list item in tree view object, and combined with function InsertItemLast(), the dynamic building problem of the tree view object list item in powerbuilder 9.0 application program will be satisfyingly solved.


High early strength concrete is one of the type in high performance concrete. A high early strength concrete means that the compressive strength of the concrete at the first 24 hours after site-pouring could achieve structural concrete quality (compressive strength > 21 MPa). There are 4 (four) important factors that must be considered in the making process, those factors including: portland cement type, cement content, water to cement ratio, and admixture. In accordance with its high performance, the production cost is estimated to be 25 to 30% higher than conventional concrete. One effort to cut the production cost is to utilize local materials. This paper will also explain about the local materials which were abundantly available, cheap, and located in strategic coast area of East Java Province, that is: Gresik, Tuban and Bojonegoro city. In addition, the application of this study is not limited only to a large building project, but also for a small scale building which has one to three-story. The performance of this concrete was apparently able to achieve the quality of compressive strength of 27 MPa at the age of 24 hours, which qualified enough to support building structurally.


Summary Promazine hydrochloride (Sparine) and chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine) were incorporated in 20% egg yolk extenders of the CU-16 type at levels as high as 2,000 µg. per milliliter of extender. None of the levels of promazine tested improved sperm survival, and the highest levels of both drugs were spermicidal (P   0.05). While all three extenders gave highly acceptable fertility, there appears to be no advantage in replacing sulfanilamide with chlorpromazine in the extenders used in these experiments.


In his book entitled What is media archaeology Jussi Parikka suggests that it is possible to outline and develop a 'hardcore' media archaeology not only of the hard drive and software but their official use as a database, as information management systems as well. But is it possible at all to give a media archaeological account of the formal-institutional digital media practices, to provide a deep and material media archaeology of, say, a scholarly text archive as TextGrid or Deutsches Textarchiv? In my paper I try to check the ability of Parikka's argument to answer these questions.


In most industries, there is a fair amount of entry and exit. Although there are many new entrants in a given industry, most firms do not succeed and are forced to exit. Only few firms manage to survive and grow. The findings of Binayak Sen's (1997) recent survey of privatized firms in Bangladesh are interpreted in light of the industrial organization literature on entry and exit. The large number of closures and the change of firms' activities are not necessarily symptoms of the failure of the privatization program. Such events take place as firms evolve over time.


Loss of the long arm of chromosomes 11 and 13 is the most consistent cytogenetic abnormalities for patients with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL). They suggest the presence of as yet unidentified tumour suppressor genes within well‐defined minimal‐deleted regions (MinDRs). We have identified 38 orthologues of the human genes in MinDRs in zebrafish cDNA and syntenic regions for the human deletions in the zebrafish genome. One region on chromosome 9 in the zebrafish genome is of potential interest. Within chromosome 9, five genes and two microRNAs were identified with shared synteny to the MinDRs in B‐CLL (two genes to human chromosome 11, three to human chromosome 13 and two chromosome 13 microRNAs). The critical region on zebrafish chromosome 9 maps to the MinDR for both human chromosomes, suggesting a common ancestry for B‐CLL tumour suppressor genes. Target‐selected mutagenesis to identify zebrafish mutants with knock‐outs of genes in this region will allow analysis of their in vivo potential for lymphoproliferation and may define causative genes for B‐CLL within human chromosomes 11q and 13q. Our study provides an explanation for involvement of both 11q and 13q in B‐CLL and the potential to develop animal models for this common lymphoproliferative disorder.


Verb+Nouns,a verb object construction,is universal in both Chinese and English.There is a sharp difference between Chinese and English in phonetic,syntactic,semantic and pragmatic aspects.Therefore,it is significant to analyze such construction,providing information for linguistic studies.


The waqf system had an important place in the economic life of the Ottoman Empire. As major local institutions, the waqfs both influenced and reflected the local economic conditions. The waqf account books are the primary archival sources to reveal waqfs' institutional history and to correlate their development with the local conditions by determining and following their economic and financial situation. The account books were compiled from the mufredât (detailed) registers, which were kept to record and follow waqfs' financial activities, revenue in- and outflow, services performed etc. In this study, I will introduce two different types of mufredât registers; mukâta'ât and bakâyâ-i mukâta'ât. These registers can put forward important information on the mukâta'â revenues and the revenue collection of the waqfs and contribute to our knowledge about the actual operation of the waqf revenues with the mukâta'â method. The irregularities in revenue collection and their effect on the waqfs' finances can be bet...


Series editor's foreword Introduction The passive-active continuum competing theories of agency and affect The segmented audience niche consumers and the ratings agenda Inter-active audiences fans, cultural production and new media Glossary Index.


Method selection for the various physical components that comprise a project is central to its successful and timely execution. The selection of appropriate construction method for a given project context is a daunting task given the plethora of available methods, resources, and change in technologies. Typically, preconstruction and prebid meetings serve as the venues for method selection decision-making, where experts from diverse backgrounds apply their knowledge and experience to determine a feasible construction process. Generally, these decision-making processes are not documented, and hence thought processes are not captured for reuse, are not readily transferred, and, as a consequence, mistakes can be repeated. The emerging field of knowledge management in construction shows promise to manage knowledge and experience of construction personnel gained on past projects for future reuse. The knowledge and experience represented in knowledge management tools can be used for partially or fully automated method selection and feasibility reasoning. In this thesis work, a knowledge management tool for method selection has been developed. After a thorough literature review and interviews with construction personnel, factors affecting method selection and feasibility were synthesized for activities related to formwork, reinforcement, and concrete placement. Using a product-modeling hierarchy, a method-modeling hierarchy, and an expert system inference engine, a feasibility reasoning schema was implemented. The thesis work is done in context of the knowledge domain of concrete high-rise construction. However, it is broadly applicable to other types of constructions as well. A conscious effort was made to provide comprehensive decision support for method selection based on technical considerations (i.e. wil l it work for the physical features present and the method feasibility considerations required), as opposed to optimization of construction method selection. A full-scale high-rise residential tower was used for proof of concept of the reasoning schema.


This essay replicates the research "The School I Would Like" conducted by The Guardian in 2001, in the United Kingdom, in which students were asked what their ideal school would be like. In this context, the study was adapted to the reality of Madeira and to the domain of music, having heard 1 177 students (8-12 years old) from 54 schools, about what would be "Music in your Dream School". The purpose was, therefore, to listen to the students, with a view totheir involvement in the definition / construction of a school with a better musical education. To collect the students' opinions, they were asked for a small literary composition on the theme "The dream school they would like to have",where they should try to answer the question. "How would the music classes at that school be?" The 2 464 proposals were grouped into 4 categories. 1. "Forgotten spaces"; 2. "Learning / Knowing"; 3. "Emotional strength" and 4. "Flexible contexts". In terms of results, issues related to content and how to learn received 39% of the proposals; The material, technological resources and the time of the disciplines and intervals 29% of the proposals; School spaces, sports and outdoor spaces received 25% of the proposals; Emotional issues received 7% of the proposals. We conclude that, in addition to the proposals being pertinent and many of them applicable, it is very important to listen to students, in view of a more appealing and motivating school.


After a brief review of the potential for harnessing tidal power, an assessment for a tidal power plant in the Bay of Fundy is presented.


The development of practical methods to access chiral nonracemic α-substituted ketones is of particular importance due to their ubiquitous nature. Unprecedented levels of enantioselectivity are reported for the synthesis of α-tosyloxy ketones, using enol esters and chiral iodine(III) reagents. The reaction can be performed under both stoichiometric and catalytic conditions. These results suggest widely different reaction mechanisms for the reaction of ketones versus enol esters, supporting recent computational insights.


Objective To systematically assess the blood conservation of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) using Meta-analysis.Methods Medline,EMBase,the Cochrane Controlled TriMs Register,Chinese Biomedical Database as well as Chinese Medical Academic Conference data were searehed using ANH as the key word up to December 2005.Randomized controlled trails comparing ANH with a control group,conducted during elective operation performed on adults were included.The studies listed at the end of these articles as reference were also searched.Meta-analysis was performed by collecting information based on the available studies.Results The Meta-analysis included 31 trials (containing 32 studies),a total of 1 582 patients were included (783 in the ANH group and 799 in the control group).The mean score on the Jadad scale was 1,when all trials were pooled. ANH reduced the volume and rate of allogenic blood transfusion but had no effect on the volume of blood loss.The weighted mean differences (WMD) of the volume of allogeneic blood transfusion and blood loss in the perioperative period were-1.41 U (95%confidence interval was-1.82-1.01 U) and-75.43 ml (95% CI was-219.46- 68.60 ml)(P<0.05).The odds ratio (OR) of the rate of allogeneic blood transfusion was 0.14 (95% CI was 0.07-0.29).Among these studies there was a significant heterogencity (P<0.1).Further subgroup analyses based on the type of surgical procedure,volume of blood withdrawn preoperatively and whether there was an indication for blood transfusion showed that the results were almost the same.There were 6 studies reporting on adverse events.The OR incidence of the complications was 0.68 (95 % CI was 0.34-1.36).Conclusion ANH reduces the volume and rate of allogeneic blood transfusion but not the volume of blood loss.


The American Diabetes Association's 57th Annual Advanced Postgraduate Course was held 5–7 February 2010 in San Francisco, California. Free webcasts of the talks from the 57th Annual Advanced Postgraduate Course are available at http://professional.diabetes.org/pg10.

### Bariatric surgery in diabetes

Lee Kaplan (Boston, MA) discussed new information based on studies of bariatric surgery in diabetes. Surgery is performed in 0.25% of Americans with obesity, so it is unlikely that it in itself can address the U.S. diabetes or obesity issues, but lessons from its use may shed light on the approach to obesity and diabetes for the overall population. The biology of obesity suggests that it is caused by inactivity and overnutriton and likely stress as well. There is a huge burden of obesity-associated illness, including malignancy, and obesity has a devastating effect on quality of life and also on what is termed societal "efficacy" and socioeconomic status. The physiology of obesity involves central regulation of food intake, nutrient handling, and energy expenditure, with adipose tissue energy stores regulating levels of signals such as leptin, and information from liver, muscle, and bone on metabolic needs coupled with information from the gastrointestinal tract and sensory organs regarding the quantity and quality of nutrient intake. A unifying theme is the body's defense of fat (rather than of total body weight).

Surgery includes the Roux-en-Y combination gastric restriction and bypass (RYGB) of distal stomach, duodenum, and proximal jejunum, which is the most effective, and may be the most appropriate, for diabetes treatment. Adjustable gastric banding is a gastric restriction procedure, while vertical sleeve gastrectomy removes the greater curvature of the stomach, acting in a fashion very different from gastric banding, causing more rapid gastric emptying. In the Swedish Obesity Study, lifestyle was compared with bariatric procedures. Gastric banding led to ∼20% weight loss initially, which decreased to 14% …


Credit is one of the most basic social ethics and values.Aiming at the status quo of credit missing among university students,it's urgent to strengthen the credit education among university students.It is a requirement of current development of our society and the inherent needs for building socialist core value system.Colleges and universities should conduct sustained,effective credit and moral education,starting from students' internal self-cultivation,innovating in the "two courses",cultivating credit campus,establishing the evaluation mechanism,so as to enhance the moral conviction of university students and shape their noble character.


The stability problem of continuous-time linear systems described by the state equation consisting of n subsystems with different fractional orders of derivatives of the state variables has been considered. The methods for asymptotic stability checking have been given. The method proposed in the general case is based on the Argument Principle and it is similar to the modified Mikhailov stability criterion known from the stability theory of natural order systems. The considerations are illustrated by numerical examples.


This article is a description of the process utilized by Public Service Electric and Gas (PSE and G) to develop and implement the training programs at the Nuclear Training Center. These programs have been developed to meet the accreditation criteria as established by the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO).


The HESR high-energy ion storage ring at FAIR will provide unprecedented possibilities for strong-field physics using novel laser sources on relativistic heavy ions. An overview on the planning will be given.


M.K. Van Ittersum, M. Donatelli, J. Wery, A. Rizzoli, F. Ewert, E. Rowe, F. Brouwer, E. Romstad, G. Flichman, T.H. Jetten 1 Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 ISCI, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy 3 UMR System (Agro.M-Cirad-INRA) Cirad TA 40/01, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. 4 IDSIA, Galleria 2, 6834 Manno-Lugano, Switzerland 5 LEI, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 29703, 2502 LS The Hague, The Netherlands 6 Economics and Resource Management, Agricultural University Norway, PO Box 5033, NO-1432 As, Norway 7 IAMM-CIHEAM 3191, route de Mende, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 8 C.T. de Wit graduate school for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation, Wageningen University, Haarweg 333, 6709 RZ Wageningen, The Netherlands


Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France Background and Goal of Study: Systematic curarisation is recommended during laparoscopy to facilitate abdominal distension and ensure low respiratory pressure. This study aim was to evaluate benefit of curarisation in laparoscopic (Lp) and retroperitoneoscopic (Rp) urosurgery. Materials and Methods: We planned to study 2 groups of 20 patients operated by Rp or Lp. Anaesthesia and intubation were achieved with midazolam, propofol, sufentanil and maintained by isoflurane (0,6 MAC), and sufentanil (0,2–0,4 g/kg/hour). Atracurium (0,5 mg/kg) was only injected 30 min after insufflation. Ventilation was controlled (O2:N2O 50:50) with a tidal volume (Vt) of 8 ml/kg and a respiratory rate adapted to obtain PetCO2 between 30–35 mmHg before insufflation. Peak, mean and plateau inspiratory pressures, PetCO2, mean arterial pressure, and train of four were recorded before insufflation and every 15 min after. The static compliance (Cst) and CO2 production (VCO2) were calculated: Cst expired Vt/Inspiratory Plateau P. VCO2 PetCO2 (mmHg) Vm (ml) (ml/kg/min) (Pbarometric PH2O) mmHg Weight(kg) Results and Discussions: Lp group was interrupted after 8 patients because of the difficulties expressed by the surgeon in realisation of pneumoperitoneum for 2/8 patients. In Rp group, only two patients out of 20 required curarisation before insufflation to facilitate space dissection. For the other 18 patients, after curarisation, the compliance remained unchanged and the VCO2 continued to increase.


Multiplicity of sequential equilibria is a common problem in bargaining models with incomplete information in which the informed player makes an offer. Most of these equilibria are supported by optimistic conjectures by the uninformed player. This paper re-examines the bargaining model in Rubinstein (1985a, b). Monotonicity restrictions are placed on off-the equilibrium-path beliefs to exclude equilibria supported by optimistic conjectures. Sequential equilibria that survive these restrictions are characterized.


MASTERS RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND, JOHANNESBURG FACULTY OF HUMANITIES SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR AWARDING THE
DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARTS IN DEMOGRAPHY AND POPULATION STUDIES
ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/ 2016


Muon spin rotation (μSR) experiments have been carried out in the paramagnetic state (T≳Tg) of a dilute AgMn spin glass, to probe internal field distributions during the onset of impurity‐spin freezing. μ+ resonance frequencies and depolarization rates were measured in a 1.6 at.% Mn sample in transverse fields between 0.15 and 5 kOe for temperatures up to ∼3Tg. The depolarization rate Λ increased well above the value Λd expected in the absence of impurity‐spin exchange coupling as Tg was approached from above. The largest relative increase of Λ was obtained for lowest fields. The average precession frequency was constant to within 0.2% down to 1.1Tg. The data scale roughly with T/Tg and H/Tg when compared to recent μSR studies of CuMn. Although a case has been made for attributing this anomamous increase in Λ to dynamic broadening (spin‐lattice relaxation), evidence exists which argues that static inhomogeneity in the muon hyperfine field is the origin of Λ. If this is the case, the absence of muon enviro...


In July and November of the year 2010,4 sampling sites were choosen,namely Wulingkeng(with an elevation of 900 m),Wanlilin(with an elevation of 1 100 m),Liyang(with an elevation of 1 300 m) and Baishanzu Station(with an elevation of 1 500 m),which are located at different altitudes,aiming to trap small mammals for studying the vertical variation of their communities.A total of 101 individuals of small mammals were captured,belonging to 2 orders,3 families,10 species.The results showed that capture rates and biomass at 4 altitudes had highly significant differences(P0.01).The dominant species,Niviventer confucianus,had the highest captured rate and a great percentage of the biomass,followed by Niviventer fulvescens.Similar to previous studies,both diversity and evenness of small mammals at middle altitudes(1 100 m~1 300 m) were higher than those at low and high altitudes.On the contrary,captured rate and biomass of small mammals at middle altitudes(1 100 m~1 300 m) were both lower than those at low altitudes and high altitudes.It was indicated that the comprehensive effect of habitat types at different altitudes and human disturbances in habitats might be the cause of this result.


Introduction Primary Sjogren syndrome (SS) is defined as an autoimmune disease leading to destruction of lacrymal and salivary glands. Contrary to the long-held notion that primary SS is a T-cell-mediated disorder, B-cell appears to be the key actor of its pathogenesis. Recent successes of B-cell depletion therapy in autoimmune diseases are very encouraging. In this context, Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIg) are widely used in supportive therapy of a wide variety of chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The mechanisms of action of IVIg are still quite misunderstood, particularly in human B-cells. We have already demonstrated that IVIg can modulate BCRmediated (1) and TLR-mediated (2) B-cell responses. Based on this data, we reasoned that IVIg could modulate B-cell fate and may render autoreactive B-cells tolerant through induction of a functionnally unresponsiveness to BCR stimulation.


We have synthesized polyester type dendrimers containing azobenzene chromophore in the core and trityl groups at the periphery using divergent growth strategy up to 3rd generation. We analyzed dendrimer samples using NMR, HPLC, TG, DSC and UV-Vis techniques. We found out that functionalization of dendrimer periphery is not complete. Dendrimers with trityl groups at the periphery have glass transition temperatures in the range 73-87 °C.


International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are a set of Accounting Standards developed by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB).The major objective of this study is to determine the major challenges of adopting international financial reporting standards by firms. To achieve this objective a systematic review of meta-analysis method was used. The findings of the  study  shows  that  complexity  of  financial  reporting,  lack  of  availability  of  competent specialist and high level of training costs are major challenges of IFRS adoption in different countries. Based on the findings of the study the researcher recommends that before implementing IFRS stake holders should consider the availability of adequate resources to support the sustainable implementation of IFRS in Ethiopia. Keywords : Challenge, IFRS, adoption, comlexity, training DOI : 10.7176/RJFA/10-21-01 Publication date: November 30 th 2019


British Marxist historiographic school is a very important school of international historiography in the 20th century. The essay mainly explores the clear and logical development of the academic origin of British Marxist historiographic school represented by Hobsbawm and Thompson from the overall framework of the relationship between social changes and academic schools. Starting from the discussion of historical conditions for the school coming into being and the background of world trend of thought, the article expounds the interaction or excitation mechanism between Western new historiography and Marxist historiography, which was the important academic premise for the emergence and development of the British Marxist historiographic school. The important social environmental influence on the British Marxist historiography exerted by the theory and approach of British traditional history has also been underlined in this thesis.


AHMAD FAHRUL SYARIF. RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphyc DNA) Analysis of Hybrid Between Female Camouflage Grouper Epinephelus microdon with Male Giant Grouper E. lanceolatus and Response of Difference Salinity. Supervised by DINAR TRI SOELISTYOWATI and HARTON ARFAH. Hybridization between female camouflage grouper Epinephelus microdon and male giant grouper Epinphelus lanceolatus has been developed to obtain new strain with superior performance. Evaluation of phenotype and genotype of hybrid grouper through analysis profile of RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) with primer UBC 158 and UBC 456 and performance based on tolerance to diferent salinity treatment 10, 20 and 30 ppt. RAPD analysis showed the genetic similarity of profile "Tiktang" grouper was closer relationship to the male giant grouper with similarity index 0,9760. The response to salinity showed that treatment of the 10 ppt had lower growth than 20 ppt and 30 ppt (p< 0,05).


NE of the most compelling issues facing the federal government today is the need for providing career personnel who will be qualified to cope with the challenging problems of tomorrow. I sincerely believe that the very future of our country depends upon our ability to develop effective career leadership in government. A primary objective of the United States Civil Service Commission is therefore to bring into the career civil service of the federal government a sufficient number of highly qualified young men and women who can grow with the service and become the career executive, scientific, and professional leaders of the future. The Federal Service Entrance Examination


The sections in this article are

Introduction
Silica-Coated Metal Nanoparticles
Noble Metal Nanoparticles: An Overview
Sol–Gel method for Silica Coating

Silica Shell for Biofunctionalization
Application of Silica-Coated Metal Nanoparticles
Silica Shell Modified with Oligonucleotides
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Effect
Enhanced Luminescence Intensity

Coating Silica Gold Nanorods
Silica-Encapsulated Platinum

Silica-Coated Quantum Dots
The Advantages of Coating QDs with Silica
Different Types of Silica-Coated QDs
Hydrophobic QDs
Hydrophilic QDs

Silica-Encapsulated Magnetic Nanoparticles
Silica-Coated Alloy Metal Nanoparticles
Silica-Coated Magnetic Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Applications of Silica-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles
Forming Hybrid Materials with Optic Materials Dopant

Hollow Silica Spherical Structures
Au and Pt Nanoparticles in Hollow Spheres

Conclusions

Keywords:

metal;
metal oxide;
semiconductors;
silicates;
sol–gel method;
bioapplications


The objective of this work was to develop roll bread with partial replacement of wheat flour by malt bagasse (MB) and to evaluate the changes in their physical-chemical characteristics and microbiological parameters. Four formulations of breads were elaborated: one control without MB, and 3 formulations with partial replacement of wheat flour varying the MB amount in 5, 10 and 15%.  MB reduced the carbohydrate content of the dough; consequently, the calories of the bread rolls were also reduced. On the other hand, moisture, minerals and lipids contents were increased. The type of protein changed with the substitution of MB in the dough, but the amount of proteins was not altered. The lowest hardness values were observed in breads with 5% and 10% MB, being related to higher values of acidity in the dough. The increase in the mineral content of the dough was related to the darkening of the bread. All bread formulations showed microbiological quality within the limits established by Brazilian legislation for coliforms at 45 °C, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella sp. The formulation with 10% MB resulted in bread rolls with higher nutritional value, in terms of minerals, lower hardness and with a darker aspect all around when compared to the control bread, giving it an aspect of wholegrain bread.


Being an energy-saving project with great development potential, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is becoming one of the research hotspots in recent years. However, there is little research about the waste heat recovery with Organic Rankine Cycle on ships as yet. In this paper, the marine diesel engine waste heat recovery system with Organic Rankine Cycle was designed and analyzed. Isopentane was used as working fluid in the Organic Rankine Cycle. The conditions for the system to recover marine diesel engine waste heat were given, and its schematic diagram was provided. Finally, the ORC turbine which is the most important components of the system was designed. The numerical simulations of the ORC turbine were carried out by using the CFD program. The operation performance and flow field were analyzed.