The efficacy and safety of biopharmaceutical products, combined with their ability to address previously untreated conditions, has made the biopharmaceutical field the fastest growing part of the industry. Due to their unique properties, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and therapeutic enzymes represent the most used macromolecules for biopharmaceutical development. However, currently the purification of mAbs and enzymes is a target of process optimisation, since it constitutes the bottleneck of the biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Recently, a model-based hybrid process development was proposed for rationally synthesising and designing a protein purification process. In this approach, a combination of high throughput experimentation for physicochemical protein characterisation and thermodynamic parameter regression can be used for an in silico optimisation of a proposed downstream process design. The main goal of this project is first to determine the physicochemical parameters of crude protein mixtures by applying three-dimensional liquid chromatography in two modes of operation, isocratic and gradient elusion. Secondly, to determine the isotherms for thermodynamic parameter regression and finally to systematically compare the determined thermodynamic parameters from the two modes of operation. The experimental scheme consisted of gradient chromatofocusing (gCF) on strong ion exchange column, hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) in gradient and isocratic mode and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) or Matrix assessed laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Moreover, Fourier transform and exponentially modified Gaussian peak fitting was used for the deconvolution of the resulted chromatograms. Finally, an analytical solution for the linear part of the HIC isotherm was proposed for parameter regression and correlation of isocratic and gradient parameters. The results revealed that the experimental methodology as well as the data analysis method proposed, are suitable for the physicochemical characterisation of the crude protein component mixtures as well for the determination and correlation of isocratic and gradient parameters. The determined physicochemical and thermodynamic parameters can be used to predict the protein behaviour and interactions with the chromatographic columns, while in combination with the determined isotherm parameters can be used for an in silico optimisation of a DSP design.


Introduction There are strong analogies between the behaviour of electrons in solids and the corresponding properties for photons in periodic structures. Indeed, photonic crystals, which exhibit both pass bands and band gaps are intended to perform the same functions for photons as do semiconductors for electrons. In this paper we discuss an extension of the analogy by exploring the photonic analogue of electron conductance first studied by Landauer [1] who showed, in the context of mesoscopic wires, that electron conductance g was proportional to the energy transmittance T of the wave function.


The viscosity of the copper oxide nano-suspensions, composed with copper oxide nanopar-ticles, dispersant and water, is a base data on investigating the rule of the flow and heat transfer. A conclusion can be drawn from the experiment that the influence of the dispersant on the viscosity is larger compared with the nanoparticle. The viscosity of the dispersant solution changes keenly with the temperature. The viscosity of the nano-suspension slightly increases with the accession of the nanoparticles while keenly with the accession of dispersant.


Centro At´omico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro,Comisi´on Nacional de Energ´ia At´omica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina(Dated: October 20, 2009)Using non-equilibrium renormalized perturbation theory, we calculate the conductance G as afunction of temperature T and bias voltage V for an Anderson model, suitable for describing trans-port properties through a quantum dot. For renormalized parameters that correspond to the extremeKondo limit, we do not find a simple scaling formula beyond a quadratic dependence in T and V.However, if valence fluctuations are allowed, we find excellent agreement with recent experiments.


A predictive model for final kyphosis was tested by evaluating the radiographs of forty-three patients with traumatic burst fractures. Since clinical outcomes are related to final kyphosis in the ambulatory patient rather than on the initial supine injury radiograph, the ability to predict final kyphosis is beneficial in determining treatment. This study demonstrated that in the appropriately selected patient for conservative care, the limit of final-kyphosis(Kf) can be predicted from the intial-kyphosis(KI) , such that Kf= The purpose of this study was to define a prediction model that afforded clinicians the ability to define final kyphosis from initial supine films in order to guide the management of stable burst fractures. This study has demonstrated that as a rule of thumb, the final absolute kyphosis for stable burst fractures can be expected to be up to Ki (initial absolute kyphosis) + 1.5Ki. Outliers were found to be fractures with unrecognized posterior element injury, both superior and inferior endplate fractures and multiple level injuries. The final kyphosis is clinically more relevant than the initial kyphosis in terms of functional outcome after conservative management. A prediction model for final kyphosis based on initial injury films can help guide the clinician for optimal management. Retrospective radiographic analysis was performed on forty-three patients with a minimum follow up six months. All patients suffered traumatic burst fractures, which were deemed stable as to be satisfactorily managed in a brace. Serial radiographs were used to determine initial (Ki) and final (Kf), Kyphosis angles. Predicted Kf was determined using the equation Kf =Ki + 1.5 Ki. The initial absolute kyphosis was the measured kyphosis using the Cobb technique and including the loss of the expected normal lordosis of that spinal segment. Inclusion criteria included burst fractures at between levels T10 – L3 in the neurologically intact patient. The equation accurately predicted the final outcome , Kf, in 70 % of the cases. In 20% of the cases, the Kf was less than expected. (Acceptable clinical result). In 10% of the cases, Kf was greater than predicted or achieved a clinically unacceptable kyphotic angulation requiring secondary surgery. In this group of outliers, post-hoc analysis identified unrecognized posterior element injury, both superior and inferior endplate fractures and multiple level injuries. In traumatic burst fractures, the goal of management is to protect the spine during healing while maintaining an acceptable alignment, which will not lead to late pain and deformity. A final absolute kyphosis angle, Kf, from twenty to thirty degrees has been variably regarded as a threshold to obtain a good clinical outcome. Criteria for stability have been previously documented, however variables are based on initial presentation. Aside from careful classification of the fracture type, the current "rule of thumb" prediction model for Kf may further help the clinician with management decisions.


The elimination of hydrogen sulphide from coal gas using metal oxide sorbents in Fluidized Bed reactors (FB) is emerging as a promising and reliable technique after modelling. Alternate reactor types such as circulating FB, turbulent FB, moving or fixed beds are also candidates for supporting this process. The choice between them primarily depends on the availability of the proper solids. Extensive effort is currently being devoted to reducing the contaminants released into the atmosphere during energy production from solid fuels. IGCC (Integrated Gasification in Combined Cycle) is viewed as a viable technique for increasing the thermal efficiency of the whole process, producing less CO2 per kW obtained. In IGCC plants it is necessary to reduce the H2S content in the gas stream before entering the gas turbine to less than 20 vppm from the several thousand vppm it contains at the output of the gasifier. This can be achieved with a low-temperature wet process, but new processes under development, which work at high temperature and pressure, increase the thermal efficiency of the whole plant. These new techniques use solid sorbents of metallic oxides that react with H2S according to this general expression: MeOx (s) + x H2S (g) ---------> MeSx (s) + x H2O (g) and can be regenerated to the original form by combustion with O2 or with SO2: MeSx (s) + 3/2 x O2 (g) ----------> MeOx (s) + x SO2 (g) or MeSx (s) + x/2 SO2 (g) ----------> MeOx (s) + 3/2 x S (g) Thermodynamic equilibrium shows that the H2S content at the gas outlet can be reduced to the few ppm required. These solids are being developed to improve their life cycle and to make the process cheaper, which means: increasing crushing strength, increasing the percentage in weight of active component in the support, and chemical and physical stability of the solid throughout the highest possible number of absorption-regeneration cycles. 'Development and Testing of a HT-HP Regenerative and Continuous Desulphurisation Process for IGCC Concepts'. Perales, J.F.; Navarro, J.; Puigjaner,L.. J.H.Kiel and P.J. de Wild Eds. ECN, The Netherlands (1996). With contributions from: Meijer R., Weijers H.M., Janssen F.J.J.G. (KEMA, Nd); Eckersley N., Sambrook (Dycat, G.B.), Farina G.L. (Foster Wheeler, It), van Yperen R., Lamers M.D.A. Geus J.W. (University of Utrecht, Nd), Perales J.F., Navarro J., Puigjaner L. (UPC, Sp), de Wild P.J., Schenk E., Kiel J.H.A. (ECN, Nd) ABSTRACT. Application of high temperature gas cleaning (HTGC) instead of conventional wet scrubbing has the potential of increasing the overall thermal efficiency and decreasing the capital requirements and electrical power generating cost of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems. This paper describes the results of a project focused on a key process step in each integrated HTGC concept, viz. high temperature removal of Desulfuración de gas de síntesis a alta temperatura y presión por absorción en óxidos regenerables. PUBLICACIONES _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 276 sulphur compounds or desulphurisation. The project was aimed at generating commercial viable sorbents validated on laband bench-scale, improved reactor concepts and design tools for scale-up purposes. The project started from promising sorbent concept, viz. supported iron oxide/molybdenum oxide. However, it consisted of a powder prepared by homogeneous deposition precipitation, which is an unattractive technique for large scale sorbent preparation. In the current project, the sorbent development was taken from there through many iterative steps, comprising sorbent preparation, characterisation and lab-scale validation, yielding finally three commercially viable sorbent preparation methods. Most promising sorbent have subsequently been validated on bench-scale. Finally, based on the sorbent performance demonstrated, commercially attractive process schemes have been developed. This means that a large step forward has been made towards pilot-plant demonstration of a high temperature desulphurisation process based on one of these concepts. 'Curso de Ingeniería Ambiental: Tecnologías de gasificación'. Perales , J.F, X. Flotats Ripoll Ed., pp. 182-222. Lleida. (1997). RESUMEN. Dentro del curso de ingeniería ambiental, se hace en este capítulo una descripción de las características de los diferentes gasificadores, realizando una análisis comparativo de las distintas tecnologías en cuanto al flujo de gas y sólido, tamaño de partículas, calidad de la materia prima, uso de sistemas presurizados, composición del gas producido, etc. Planteándose la situación actual y las perspectivas de futuro para la tecnología de gasificación. 'Elimination of H2S from the gas of gasifiers at high temperature and pressure using sorbents in bubbling and circulating fluidized beds: Comparison of experimental and simulated results'. Perales, J.F.; López, L.M.; Pan, Y.G.; Manyà, J.; Danner, J.; Velo, E.; Puigjaner, L. II European Conference on Fluidization. pp. 469-476. Olazar-San José eds., Bilbao (1997).


Background: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a viral, natural focal infection that is currently relevant for many countries of the world and ranks high among zoonotic viral infections in the Russian Federation. The purpose of our work was to present the main stages of the discovery and study of HFRS: from registration of the first clinical cases of the disease by military doctors in the east of our country to the current level of research. Materials and methods: We analyzed scientific literature devoted to the discovery of HFRS and further studies of this natural focal disease. Results: The discovery of many natural focal infections that are still relevant today in the Russian Federation coincided with the beginning of the rapid exploration and development of the Far East in the 1930s. Long-term studies of Soviet and foreign scientists helped systematize knowledge about viral etiology, clinical picture, pathophysiology, and pathomorphology of hemorrhagic nephrosonephritis and isolate the Hantaan virus, the etiological agent of HFRS (Lee HW, 1978). World famous Soviet virologists A.A. Smorodintsev and M.P. Chumakov, local scientists, doctors, and employees of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing made a significant contribution to the research into etiology, terminological consistency, epidemiology, and epizootology of HFRS. Conclusion: At present, the study of various aspects of hantavirus infections is one of the main tasks of the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after G.P. Somov. The research continues to establish the mechanisms of functioning of the natural foci of orthohantaviruses at different phases of the population cycles of their main carriers and in different landscape zones of the Russian Far East. A search for new species of orthohantaviruses, their natural reservoirs, and novel antiviral biologically active substances of natural and synthetic origin against orthohantaviruses is going on.


Researchers have noticed a gap between mathematics practice in school and mathematics practice in out-of-school situations. This study compares the out-of-school practice involving measurement of on-the-job carpet layers with the problem-solving strategies of ninth-grade students while engaged in measurement problems from the typical mathematics textbook. Data collection in the carpet-laying field work included participant observation, ethnographic interviewing, artifact examination, and researcher introspection. Data from the seventhand eighth-grade textbooks were collected through content analysis of examples, exercises, and problems in the textbooks related to the concept of measurement. Data from the students included observation, informal interviewing, and researcher introspection. The carpet layers made use of four categories of mathematical concepts--measurement, computational algorithms, geometry, and ratio and proportion--and two categories of mathematical processes--measuring and problem solving. Analysis of the textbook problems indicated that students were involved in computational exercises whereas carpet layers were involved in measurement. Differences between students and carpet layers included a lack of deep understanding of the concept of area on the part of the students and more problem-solving skills and strategies on the part of the carpet layers. Contains 26 references. (MDH) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Comparing In-School and Out-of-School Mathematics Practice Joanna 0. Masingila Syracuse University Department of Mathematics 215 Carnegie Hall Syracuse, NY 13244-1150 (315) 443-1483 Prepared for the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association Atlanta, Georgia April 12, 1993 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Joanna 0. Masingila TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)... U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION °Mice of Educanonai Research and mmtoaernent EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as mended from the person or organization °nip-rating It C) Minor changes have been made to trnplove reproduction (wanly Points of wear or optntons stated thus docu men) do not necessarily represent callow OEM position or peaty This paper is based on the author's dissertation, Mathematics Practice and Apprenticeship in Carpet Laying: Suggestions for Mathematics Education, completed in 1992 at Indiana University-Bloomington under the direction of Frank K. Lester, Jr. 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Comparing In-School and Out-of-School Mathematics Practice Introduction Mathematical knowledge has commonly been portrayed as consisting of universal tiths which exist independently of people and which are discovered by mathematicians through a process of formal reasoning. Mathematical reasoning, unlike any other cognitive activity, is believed to be a decontextualized activity, tied to a formal system which relies upon a specifically defined set of symbols. These ideas have led to a view of mathematics as divorced from ordinary human activity and devoid of social, cultural and political considerations. (Millroy, 1992, p. 1) Prior to the last decade, conventional wisdom was that mathematics was culture-free knowledge. Now it is generally accepted that mathematics has a cultural history and that mathematics learning occurs during participation in cultural practices as well as in school. However, researchers that have examined mathematics practice in school and mathematics practice in out-of-school situations have noted the gap between these two (e.g., Brenner, 1985; Carraher, 1986; Carraher, Carraher & Schliemarm, 1985; Ferreira,


Novel heterocyclic and photopolymerizable liquid crystalline materials (reactive mesogens) with smectic phases have been synthesized and characterized. A selection of heterocyclic rings, such as benzothiazole, benzothiadiazole and pyrimidine, has been incorporated into the aromatic core to control the electrochemical/luminescence properties and the structural geometry. Particular emphasis is focused on structure–property relationships, in which the variation of molecular structure and its subsequent effect on the liquid crystalline transition temperatures have been investigated.


This article surveys the current environment of indexing and prospects for indexers. It reviews ICT developments in the publishing of printed and electronic books, discusses the past, present and future of indexing for electronic and printed database, and the indexing of content creation projects. It discusses user requirements and some likely future scenarios and opportunities for indexers.


Nowadays it is well known that using blast furnace slag as partial replacements for Portland cement adds technological, economic and environmental benefits. Those are some of the reasons why cements containing several additions (blast furnace slag, fly ash, calcareous material, etc) are commonly used. In recent years, blended cements started to increase amounts of additions as replacement of Portland cement; in this regard these variations influence the rate and the mechanism of hydration and, consequently, strength development. The present work evaluated the effect of different curing temperatures (20, 40 and 60 oC) on the mechanical strength of cement paste with different proportions of granulated blast-furnace slag (0 to 80 %). Pastes were prepared with water/cementitious material ratio (w/cm) equal to 0,4. The hydration evolution was determinated following the hydration products using XRD analysis and evaluated the content of non evaporable water. Mechanical strength was evaluated trough central composite experimental design. When granulated blast-furnace slag content increases with curing temperature, the results show that mechanical strength and non evaporable water increases, while the calcium hydroxide content decreases.


Comparison of the hydrogen-bond networks at the active site in the crystallographic structures reported for class A β-lactamases revealed an importance of a switch of the hydrogen-bond network for the catalytic process. Taking account of the conformational mobility of the Lys73 residue, we have constructed putative complex models for β-lactam antibiotics and the enzymes in the multistep hydrolysis which consists of a Michaelis complex, an acyl−enzyme, and a tetrahedral oxyanion for deacylation. In the acylation, the C3 carboxylate of penicillin derivatives would participate in activation of the Ser130 hydroxyl group and then the oxyanion of the Ser130 residue would deprotonate the ammonium group of the Lys73 residue which will act as a general base for activation of the Ser70 residue. In the deacylation, the deacylating water molecule would be accommodated during a conformational change of the acyl moiety without a structural change of the active-site residues and the unprotonated N4 atom of the penicilli...


This papel' addresses the problems of mixed 1u/Hco control and Hoc guaranteed cost control for discrete-time uncertain linear systems. The uncertainty is supposed to belong to convex bounded polyhedral domains, with no extra assumptions as matching conclitions. First, the set of all quadratic stabilizing state feedback gains, pro viding a prespecifieci i disturbance attenuation leveI, is de scribed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Then, the mixeel H2/Hco robust control is achieveel via the minimiza tion of a linear objective function, which turns out to be an upper bounel to the H2 norm of the closed-Ioop transfer function. The H co guaranteeel cost is globaliy achieved by involving the I' uuper bounel into the minimization proce elure. The adopteel parameter space aliows the formulation of associateel optimization proceelures with linear objective functions uneler linear matrix inequalities constraints, as suring the algorithms gooel numerical behavior. Further more, aelditional constraints. for instance elecentralization, can be easily incorporateel. Examples iliustrate the theo retical results.


It is argued that the trade-off interaction between agglomeration economies and transportation costs cannot be excluded from the analysis of the central-place system. First, an overlapping-area model between two competitors of market areas is examined both cases in homogeneous and differentiated products together with the relevant formation of supply areas. The analysis then further explores an exclusive-area model in the duopoly and oligopoly conditions of market areas and the formation process of supply areas. Finally, consideration is given to the methodological connectivity between central-place system and agglomeration economies.


Abstract In January 2013, the international recommendations of the KDIGO (for "Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes") to define chronic kidney disease (CKD) and classify patients in CKD stages have been published. In this opinion article, we will review and discuss the most important guidelines proposed about CKD staging and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating. In particular, we question the choice of fixed knot values at 60 mL/min/1.73 m² to define CKD. We also question the strategies proposed to measure and use cystatin C results.


The IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard for broadband wireless access provides a rich quality of service (QoS) framework suitable for supporting a multitude of services. In IEEE 802.16e, the uplink resource allocation is based on a request-grant mechanism where a mobile stations (MS) requests allocations of transmission opportunities from the base station (BS). Every frame, the BS decides the amount of resources to be granted for each uplink connection according to its QoS parameters. While the grant is decided on a connection basis, the BS aggregates the grants allocated for all connections of each MS and adds a single entry for each MS in the allocation MAP message. Two main challenges exist for scheduling at the MS side: the first is how to divide the grant among the connections according to their declared QoS parameters and requested bandwidth and the second is to be able to perform this operation prior to the arrival of the subsequent allocation from the BS. In this paper, we describe a new efficient scheme for mobile station uplink scheduling that meets these challenges. The scheme is a hierarchical credit-based algorithm based on the deficit round robin method. The algorithm is designed to prevent bandwidth stealing and starvation of low-priority connections. We provide simulation results that show the excellent performance of the scheme even under extreme overload conditions. The results show the isolation of service classes and the stability of the scheme.


In alternating-time temporal logic ATL*, agents with perfect recall assign choices to sequences of states, i.e., to possible finite histories of the game. However, when a nested strategic modality is interpreted, the new strategy does not take into account the previous sequence of events. It is as if agents collect their observations in the nested game again from scratch, thus, effectively forgetting what they observed before. Intuitively, it does not fit the assumption of agents having perfect recall of the past. In this article, we investigate the alternative semantics for ATL* where the past is not forgotten in nested games. We show that the standard semantics of ATL* coincides with the "truly perfect recall" semantics for agents with perfect information and in case of so-called "objective" abilities under uncertainty. On the other hand, the two semantics differ significantly for the most popular ("subjective") notion of ability under imperfect information. The same applies to the standard vs. "truly perfect recall" semantics of ATL* with persistent strategies. We compare the relevant variants of ATL* by looking at their expressive power, sets of validities, and tractability of model checking.


The development of maize in Heilongjiang province was summaried in this paper and the developmental course and advances about maize breeding in the past fifty years in Heilongjiang was illustrated comprehensively which including the selection and application of farming varieties,comprehensive varieties and hybrid,breeding of inbred-line and creation of germplasm basic theory and special use maize breeding.The progress of breeding technology development of aims and breeding method were discussed.The breeding of hybrid,germplasm innovation and inbred-lines election have made important achievement in the past fifty years.The suggestions were made to develop maize breeding in Heilongjiang province: Such as intensifying the research on germplasm breeding,the disease-resistent and stress-resistent varieties,applying bio-technology in breeding and breeding density-tolerant varieties.


In the previous research, HY antigen can be utilized to shift sex ratio in born child. While in this research intended to know the influence of HY antigen contained
in testes and spleen rough extract toward number of fetuhity. Rough extract taken from testes and spleen part of body of mice age 3 weeks old and injected via intraperitonial in male mouse. In P1 treatment, mouse had injected with testes rough extract. Then in P2 treatment, mouse injected with spleen rough extract. From t-test array gained that no found real differences between testes and spleen rough extract injection, but both able to lowering number of mouse's fetus born.


Objective\ To investigate the inhibitory effect of proliferation cell nuclear antigen(\{PCNA\}) antisense oligonucleotides on hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation.\ Methods\ The antisense oligonucleotides were complementary to 18-mer sequences next to the start codon of PCNA mRNA sequences.\ The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG-2 was treated with antisense oligonucleotides.\ The inhibition of proliferation was estimated by MTT method and \{\+3H-TdR\} incorporation rates.\ The cell cycle was analysis by Flow cytometry.\ Results\ The cell proliferation was inhibited effectively by antisense oligonucleotides.\ The cell growth rate was reduced nearly 50% after 48 hours treatment.\ The proportions of G\-0/G\-1 phase increased to 21.9% compared to that of the control,and the proportions of S and G\-2/M phase were reduced to 20.3% and 59.5%.\ This effect decreased after 72 hours and disappeard after 96 hours.\ Conclusion\ That PCNA antisense oligonucleotides exerts a strong inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. \;


restoring canebrakes. Switchcane gigantea) a ( A rundinaria is monopodial species of bamboo that is native throughout the southeastern United States (Farrelley, 1984), and that was an important element in the ecology of this area in pre-contact times. Historic accounts indicate that extensive, often monotypic stands of switchcane, known as canebrakes, were a common feature of the pre-Columbian landscape (Bartram in Van Doren, 1928; Roosevelt, 1908; West, 1934; and others). Theodore Roosevelt (1908) described them quite aptly: "The canebrakes stretch along the slight rises of ground, often extending for miles, forming one of the most striking and interesting features of the country. They choke out other growths, the feathery graceful canes standing in ranks, tall, slender, serried, each but a few inches from his brother, and springing to a height of fifteen or twenty feet. They look like bamboos; they are well-nigh impenetrable to a man on horseback; even on foot they make difficult walking unless free use is made of the heavy bush-knife. It is impossible to see through them for more than fifteen or twenty paces, and often for not half that distance." Some authors attribute the origins of these canebrakes to the slash-and-bum agricultural practices of Native Americans (de Vivo, 1991). Certainly, European settlement of the southeastern United States resulted in the disappearance of these canebrakes. Unfortunately, there are no specific accounts of the decline of this community, and the reasons for it remain unclear (Remsen, 1986). Factors most often cited .as responsible for the decline of the canebrakes include frequent burning of cane habitat, overgrazing of cane by livestock, and clearing of land for agriculture (see Platt and Brantley, 1992, for a review). In any event, by the middle of this century most of the large canebrakes in the Southeast were gone, and today switchcane is most often found as an understory plant in forests or in thickets along fencelines. Canebrakes supported a diverse assemblage of wildlife. Theodore Roosevelt, who visited northern Louisiana during October 1907, stated (1908) that black bears (Ursus americanus) were abundant in Louisiana canebrakes. Swamp rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus) (Lowery, 1974), a variety of rodents and shrews (Rose, 1981), and numerous reptile species (Platt, unpublished data) are known to inhabit canebrakes. At least two species of warblers require canebrakes as nesting habitat. Meanley (1971) and Eddleman et al. (1980) found canebrakes to be necessary for Swainson's warbler (Limnothlypsis swainsonii). Remsen (1986) suggests that Bachman's warbler (Vermivora bachmanii) required extensive canebrakes for nesting, and the possible extinction of this bird was probably linked to the demise of large canebrakes. Switchcane is also considered the highest-yielding native pasture for domestic cattle in the southeastern United States, providing low-maintenance, highly nutritious grazing all year (Biswell and Foster, 1942; Biswell et al., 1945). Recently, restorationists have become interested in establishing canebrakes both as wildlife habitat and pasture for native and domestic herbivores (Black Bear Conservation Committee, 1992; Feeback and Luken, 1992; Platt and Brantley, 1992). Opportunities for restoration


Dynamic lane grouping (DLG) aims to adjust lane assignment based on fluctuating travel demand to further improve traffic operational efficiency at signalized intersections. A tool is developed to automatically and efficiently identify intersections likely to benefit from DLG treatment. The benefits resulting from DLG are demonstrated by a case study.


A convex electrodynamic loudspeaker having hemispherical sound emission characteristics and full range frequency response. It comprises a conical convex diaphragm and a voice coil form having a voice coil wound around its cylindrical end while its opposite conical end protrudes the central dome-shaped part of the convex diaphragm where both parts are cemented together. The voice coil form operates as a reciprocate motion member to the convex diaphragm efficiently even in the highest audio frequencies. The configuration of the convex diaphragm provides hemispherical characteristics of sound emission for overall the audio frequencies.


As a type of VLSI, the DSP chip has been widely used in avionics systems where its application can effectively improve the integration of avionics systems. In the testability test, this high level of integration leads to a reduction in the operability of fault injection. To counter this limitation, a DSP chip IO fault injection technique based on boundary scan is proposed. Firstly, the real-time data of the fault injection object is captured through a boundary scan chain. Next, the fault injection data sequence is generated in combination with the control instruction, and these data sequences are written into the boundary scan chain register. Finally, these data are updated to the IO pins of the fault injection object and these pins controlled to generate logic changes and complete the fault injection. The experimental results show that the method is simple to operate and is not affected by the package and structure of the DSP chip; it can effectively improve fault injection efficiency.


The court has a special and unique role in the process of the realization of the rule of law. The correct reorganization and the full realization for the role of court is precedence for the mature system of rule of law. Judicial policy-making and the balance between judicial activism and judicial self-restraint must be realized in the process for the court to orientate and find its role. As China has determined to become a socialist country with rule of law the court should and must play an important role in the future.


Nowadays rich media provides webpages with visually appealing and dynamic contents, such as 3D graphics, animation, and vector graphics. SVG, an XML-based language, can be used as the heart of a rich media engine. In this paper, a rich media engine based on SVG/OpenVG and OpenGLES is introduced. We mainly focus on the system design and detail optimizations at various levels. At the end, we will show test results, and talk about the future work.


The objective of the JPL Lidar Target Calibration Facility is to provide accurate and consistent calibration of infrared lidar targets. Several CO2 lidar systems are in use or planned, and these will contribute to an improved understanding of the global climatology of aerosol backscatter coefficients in the 9-11 μm region. Since quantitative values of the backscatter coefficient are desired, a technique for accurately calibrating the atmospheric backscatter data is necessary. The use of the total backscatter to Rayleigh backscatter ratio technique, which is often used in the visible to calibrate lidar responsivity, does not apply at mid-infrared wavelengths. Thus the lidar responsivity must be determined either by a careful, systematic measurement of the optical and quantum efficiencies of the optical and detector elements in the lidar and the far-field spatial patterns of the transmitter beam and receiver field-of-view, or by the use of a calibrated hard target which can be placed in the field at a suitable range or series of ranges. Even when the former technique is employed, the use of the hard target measurement is desirable as a cross-check.


We report on InP-based high power modified uni-traveling carrier (MUTC) photodiodes heterogeneously integrated on silicon on diamond (SOD) waveguides. Typical dark currents of MUTC photodiodes on SOD waveguides are 20 nA at - 5 V bias voltage. A 50-μm long photodiode has an internal responsivity of 1.07 A/W at 1550 nm wavelength. The bandwidths of photodiodes with active areas of 14×25 μm2, 14×50 μm2, 14×100 μm2 and 14×150 μm2 are 22 GHz, 16 GHz, 10 GHz and 7 GHz, respectively. The maximum output RF powers of 14×100 μm2 photodiodes are 13 dBm, 14.4 dBm and 15.3 dBm at 10 GHz, respectively. The maximum DC dissipated power is 0.67 W. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of III-V photodiodes integrated on SOD waveguides.


The hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon films have been prepared with plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. The microstructure of these films has been studied by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering spectra and x-ray diffraction analysis methods. The films are especially valuable for some devices, for example, quantum dots, luminescence devices, and film pressure sensors etc. The nc-Si:H films show texture structure. The fractal dimension of this microstructure has been calculated with a Fourier filtered image. The microstructure properties of the films are discussed.


It is an important direction for the sustainable development of pavement to mix the discarded concrete blocks with gradation according to a certain proportion after crushing, cleaning and other technological processes, partially or completely replace aggregate, and then add cement, water, and so on to make recycled concrete for pavement paving, but the traditional evaluation model for the compressive strength (CS) of recycled concrete cannot meet the requirements of efficient calculation. To address such issues, the present research proposed to apply the firefly algorithm (FA) to optimize the random forest (RF) model. The results were demonstrated by comparing the consistency of predicted and actual values, and also by analyzing the correlation coefficient (R) and root-mean-square error (RMSE). Higher R values (0.9756 and 0.9328) and lower RMSE values (3.0752 and 6.4369) for the training and test sets present the reliability of the FA and RF hybrid machine learning model. To understand the influence law of input indexes on the output index, the importance and sensitivity of variables are further analyzed. The results displayed that effective water-cement ratio (WC) and nominal maximum recycled concrete aggregate size (NMR) have the greatest impact on the output variable, with importance scores of 2.5947 and 2.4315, respectively, while the change in the recycled concrete aggregate replacement rate (RCA) has a weak influence, with an importance score of 0.4695. Introducing FA to RF for the compressive strength modeling of recycled concrete can significantly improve the computational efficiency and accuracy.


In the process of dance choreography teaching, instructors need to pay attention to the key elements in the teaching, namely the selection, structure and movement of dance. These elements are not only the soul of the dance work, but also have a skeleton and flesh-and-blood relationship with the dance work. The elements are interdependent and indispensable. Based on this, this article briefly explains the key elements of dance choreography teaching, hoping to provide some help to promote the better development of dance choreography teaching.


Thin films of Ca3Co2O6 were fabricated on c-cut sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The films are polycrystalline and can be grown in a large interval of oxygen pressure with significant influence on the film texture. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated that only Co3+ ions are present in our samples for both octahedral and trigonal prismatic sites. The band gap measured by ultraviolet-visible light absorption experiments was found about 1.35 eV and slightly larger when the oxygen partial pressure during the deposition is increased from 10−3 to 7×10−2 mbar. Temperature dependent transport measurements showed a semiconducting behavior of the films and the associated band gap was found similar to the one evaluated by optical measurements and reported by theoretical studies.


By researching on government control of developed countries in administering on instrument industry at dif- ferent phases, the advice is brought out, that is, in order to step up our instrument industry, our government should ad- minister sprightlier on instrument industry, and found favorable conditions for our instrument industry.


The silica sol/polyacrylate composite emulsion with monodispersed particles was synthesized by soap-free emulsion polymerization.The influences of silica sol on nucleation process of soap-free emulsion polymerization,particle size and distribution of composite latex and stability of composite emulsion were discussed.The results show that added silica sol reduces particle size,and emulsion stability is improved by introduction of colloidal silica.The composite latex was characterized by transmission electronic microscope (TEM).The result indicates that the composite emulsion particles exist.Based on the experiment results,a composite mechanism was proposed,that precursor particles of polyacrylate,which are formed in the early stage of soap-free emulsion polymerization,are very unstable,so they tend to be absorbed on colloidal silica particles to lower interfacial energy,thus forming composite particles.


The article explores the legal nature of law principles from the perspective of philosophical and legal analysis. The purpose of the article is to form scientifically based knowledge on the philosophical and legal nature of the category law principle using postclassical methodological tools. Research Methods: The methodology of the article is based on the postclassical scientific rationality. The authors use an integrative approach to the study of legal reality in combination with a phenomenological and synergetic methodology, thereby using a number of general scientific and special scientific methods in a particular logical system, which makes it possible to study law principles both ontologically, in terms of their role in law in general, and epistemologically as well as axiologically. Moreover, the content, functioning and development of law principles are considered phenomenologically, as well as in the context of law communication. Results: The law principle in the ontological aspect is a fundamental form of law, reflecting the most significant ideas concerning regulation of public relations; the law principle is used as a direct regulator along with the rule of law. The epistemological law principle can be interpreted as a generalizing category, reflecting interpretation and assessment of legal reality from the standpoint of postclassical methodology. From an axiological point of view, the law principle embodies the law and social values and traditions that are dominant within the framework of a given socio-cultural chronotope, and is also used as one of the fundamental tools for constructing legal reality and its development. Conclusions: the law nature of law principles is determined with the account of postclassical methodology onto-logically, epistemologically and axiologically, in terms of their dual role in formation, development and construction of legal reality at all of its levels, in the context of both objective and subjective factors. The findings can be applied in drawing up concepts of legal and judicial reforms in terms of targeted construction of legal reality, as well as in the process of predicting the development of the Russian legal system.


This paper reports an action research into the effect of the meme-based approach on English listening teaching.Subjects were 35 English majors in grade 2009,who were required to imitate,read aloud,recite and retell some of the English dialogues and passages and news in the textbook of "A Listening Course" inside class and learn the new words and expressions and their related cultural background in them by listening and speaking.This action research lasted for sixteen weeks.The results showed that the students listening abilities were greatly improved,suggesting that requirements for language imitation and reading aloud and recitation and retelling in listening tasks could facilitate English language learning and could also enhance the teaching quality in class.


Fiber-optic communication systems have advanced dramatically over the last four decades, since the era of copper cables, resulting in low-cost and high-bandwidth transmission. Fiber optics is now the backbone of the internet and long-distance telecommunication. Without it we would not enjoy the benefits of high-speed internet, or low-rate international telephone calls. Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. Fiber is preferred over electrical cabling when high bandwidth, long distance, or immunity to electromagnetic interference are required. This book introduces the basic concepts of fiber-optic communication in a pedagogical way. The important mathematical results are derived by first principles rather than citing research articles. In addition, physical interpretations and real-world analogies are provided to help students grasp the fundamental concepts.


Non-Reflecting Boundary Conditions (NRBCs) are very crucial for accurate numerical simulation of aeroacoustic problems. This paper aims to assess the performances of recently developed nonlinear Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) NRBCs by several Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) benchmark problems through the comparison with the linearized PML, the characteristic and the asymptotic NRBCs. Numerical results show that the performances of the nonlinear PML NRBCs are tantamount to each other, and there is no substantial difference. But for strongly nonlinear cases, the error caused by using nonlinear PML NRBC is 1~2 orders of magnitude smaller than the one caused by using the linearized PML NRBC. Thus, using nonlinear PML is necessary in strong nonlinear aeroacoustic problems. Numerical tests also demonstrate that the nonlinear PML NRBCs outperform the characteristic NRBCs significantly, and have better performances than the asymptotic NRBCs.


Self-organization, which proceeds continuously with macroscopic order due to internal force alone in many biological systems, is embodied by the coupling of a primary and some partial systems to control the primary system slowly in general. By developing a simple dynamic and a chemical network model for self-organization, the behavior or unstability of such a coupled system is discussed with transition parameter k, which represents the change in the internal force and the sign change gives the potential bifurcation. This dynamical theory is further applied to membrane excitation based on the catastrophe theory.


We observe that the resemblance between the integer number system with multiplication & division and the system of convex objects with Minkowski addition & decomposition is really striking. We present an idea of the shape decomposition into prime shapes, which are analogue of the prime numbers and indecomposable ones. Here, we concentrate the discussion on binary images, and present some propositions on the indecomposability problem.


The development of technique measuring kinetic forces of solid particles in fluidized beds has been achieved by using the tracer particle method. The measurement method using Piezotron sensor was also initiated. The information obtained by the various measuring techniques, including tracer particle, Piezotron, and strain gauge gives different physical meaning. Using the tracer particle technique, the correlations among the durable compressive strength, tensile strength, and durable impact energy were experimentally verified. The kinetic forces of solid particles (dp = 0.5, 1.0, 2.18 mm) in the 10.8 cm fluidized bed (H/D/sub t/ = 1, 2, 3) at various gas velocities were measured. The kinetic forces of solid particles (dp = 1.0 mm) in the 10.8 cm spouted fluidized bed were also measured and shown to be higher than those in the conventional fluidized bed. 3 refs., 8 figs.


Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of different parts and different solvent extracts from Kosteletzkya virginica(L.) Presl.in vitro.Methods:Using ultrasoundassisted extraction method,the N-hexane,dichloromethane,ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from roots,stems,leaves,fl owers and seeds of Kosteletzkya virginica(L.) Presl.were obtained,respectively.The total fl avonoids content of various extracts were detected with Na2NO2-Al(NO3)3 chromogenic system.The total phenolics content of various extracts were detected with Folin-Ciocalteu assay.The antioxidant activity of various extracts in vitro were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical(DPPH·) system and hydroxyl radical(·OH) system.Results:The antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extracts of roots and dichloromethane extracts of stems were stronger than other extracts;their total fl avonoids content were 49.24,53.89 mg/g,respectively;their total phenolics content to reach 50.39,43.46 mg/g,respectively.Conclusion:Kosteletzkya virginica(L.) Presl.could be used as natural antioxidant resources with a good development and utilization value.


To propose a simple, accurate method for measuring T1 in flowing blood and the arterial input function (AIF), and to evaluate the impact on dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) quantification of pharmacokinetic parameters.


240 sixty two-week-old laying hens were randomly divided into four groups to study the effect of different level of Allicin on the performance and biochemical index of serum in laying eggs,each group has four replications with 15 laying hens.50,100,150mg/kg of allicin were fed with basal diet for weeks during the experiment.The results showed that supplemented with 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of Allicin significantly increased feed efficiency in 62-67 weeks(P0.05),and Allicin significantly increased the level of ALB in serum(P0.05).


ABSTRACT

The correlation between diets supplemented with resveratrol, genistein or quercetin on oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids was examined. Moreover, the rate of formation of changes resulting from carcinogenesis induced by 7,8-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was assessed. The results for the impact of selected polyphenolic compounds on the intensity of DMBA-induced carcinogenesis were also presented. The polyphenols used, namely resveratrol, genistein and quercetin measured by the concentration of selected biomarkers related to their antioxidant properties and the impact of DMBA and fatty acids in rapeseed oil as well as of progression stage of the cancer process, were also significant.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The estimation of the impact of selected polyphenolic compounds on the intensity of 7,8-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced carcinogenesis and oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids in rats was examined. Identifying the results of polyphenol activity in selected doses and different suspensions may allow application of these dietary compounds in human cancer prevention or for improvement of pharmacological treatment.


A single 3.3-V 64-Mb dynamic RAM (DRAM) with a chip size of 233.8 mm/sup 2/ has been fabricated using 0.4- mu m CMOS technology with double-level metallization. The dual-cell-plate (DCP) cell structure is applied with a cell size of 1.7 mu m/sup 2/, and 30-fF cell capacitance has been achieved using an oxynitride layer (t/sub eff/=5 nm) as the gate insulator. The RAM implements a new data-line architecture called the merged match-line test (MMT) to achieve faster access time and shorter test time with the least chip-area penalty. The MMT architecture makes it possible to get a RAS access time of 45 ns and reduces test time by 1/16000. A parallel MMT technique, which is an extended mode of MMT, leads to the further test-time reduction of 1/64000. Therefore, all 64 Mb are tested in only 1024 cycles, and the test time is only 150 mu s with 150-ns cycle time. >


Anecdotal evidence has suggested a decline in the composition of Tasmanian pastures over the last few decades. A unique and expansive recent study has shown considerable evidence to support a generalisation that our pastures contain below optimum levels of desirable pasture species. This study has shown that annual rainfall and dominant soil order has no significant effect on the proportion of desirable pastures based on a characterisation of desirable pastures. There is currently an opportunity to improve the proportion of desirable species within pastures and with that increase productivity. We believe this study highlights the need for extension programs that focus on the importance of management when it comes to maintaining desirable botanical composition in pastures.


Mountain uplifting must have controlled the sedimentation of the basins on both sides of the mountains uplifted and such a constraint is represented by sedimentary responses of the basins. The Altyn Mountains along the northwestern margin of the Qaidam basin act as the north-west boundary of the Qaidam basin and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It has experienced several uplifting events in the Cenozoic, in which the last-phase and strongest uplifting occurred in early Late-Pleistocene. The studied samples of sandstone were collected from the Hongsanhan No.1 area along a crossed profile in front of the Altyn Mountains. The detailed microscope works and grain size analyses of the samples have been done, and from which the authors may conclude that the Altyn Mountains uplifting events then had controlled the sedimentary environment of the basin and related climatic conditions. Sedimentary characters are often constrained by source area. The present study indicates that Altyn Mountains were not experiencing a rapid uplifting (Xiaganchaigou Formation) topographically relative to the Qaidam basin at Eocene, but it began to rapid intensive uplifting at Oligocene (Shangganchaigou Formation) and the climate then became drought. The Hongsanhan area was in a regional uplifting tectonic setting and did not have a distinct topographical difference between the Altyn Mountains and Qaidam basin from Oligocene to Plicocene (Xiayoushashan Formation,Shangyoushashan Formation and Shizigou Formation). The Altyn Mountains started the final intensively rapid uplifting in Early Pleistocene (the Qigequan Formation) and then a relatively big elevation difference appeared between the Altyn Mountains and the Qaidam basin. The uplifting continues up to now. The present study provides more evidences for the research of multiple uplifting and of climate changes in the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.


The development of democracy, the role and function of political lebih parties is more complete. This is due to the large expectations that are developing, so the function and role of the party will increase. However, the pattern of recruitment of candidates who do not consider the requirements to gain the votes of political parties. Based on the aforementioned background, the problem to be studied is the regulating the recruitment patterns of legislative candidates by political parties. The research method used in this discussion is normative juridical research using a research proposal-law (statute approach) and accessing concepts (conceptual approach). there is a legislative candidate who can be moved freely to another party and only joins when he will be nominated as a candidate by setting aside the old conditions as cadres approved by the party. Through this agreement, it was agreed that political parties could be emphasized by the principle of their parties to select candidates through clear and transparent recruitment patterns


one be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law. Our civilization rests upon law, and the quest for an administrative Utopia, in which wise magistrates will preserve order and maintain the economic structure by a summary punitive justice after the fashion of the military, is as idle under our present social system as the quest for an economic Utopia in which all the reasonable economic wants of every one will be equally satisfied. Undoubtedly the circumstances of modern life call for an individualization


This paper assesses whether the higher capital maintenance drives up banks cost of equity. We investigate the hypothesis using fixed effect panel estimation with the data from a sample of 28 publicly listed commercial banks over the 2013 to 2019 periods. We find a significant negative relationship between banks capital and cost of equity. Empirically our baseline estimates entail that a 10 percent increase in capital would reduce the cost of equity by 4.39 percent.


High-pressure neutron diffraction measurements on fluid carbon dioxide are reported. At the supercritical temperature of 380K, the density of the fluid was varied by almost a factor of two from 0·5 to 0.9 gcm-3. Some aspects of the experiment and the data evaluation are mentioned, and the intramolecular structural parameters are given. The measurements were performed to assess the usefulness of some three-centre pair potentials reported in the literature by means of reference-interaction-site-model (RISM) calculations with regard to their applicability to reproduce the short-range order of that polar liquid. The hypernetted-chain (HNC) and Percus-Yevick-Allnatt (PYA) closure relations were tested by comparison with the results of molecular dynamics calculations. The density dependent measurements proved to be useful for assessing the individual potentials.


In this paper, we propose a novel approach for learning an inverse dynamics model of a serial-link robot only from data to be suitable for achieving computed torque control under unknown conditions, i.e., adaptive computed torque control. In our approach, we first collect a varied set of data from the robot under multiple conditions, each of which is constructed by putting loads on the body of the robot or giving the robot tools and bags to imitate real environmental situations. Then, a subspace representation that contains the various inverse dynamics models is extracted from the data as the Parametric Inverse Dynamics Model (PIDM) which is composed of the basis functions and weight coefficients. Using the PIDM, fast adaptive computed torque control under an unknown condition can be efficiently performed by automatically adjusting the weight coefficients of the basis functions unlike solving a high-dimensional learning problem as previous studies. To validate our approach, we applied the proposed method for the problem of adaptive computed torque control on trajectory-tracking tasks with an 7 DoF anthropomorphic manipulator and demonstrated the effectiveness. As a result, our approach achieved fast adaptation of computed torque control for the manipulator (within two seconds) even under unknown conditions such as holding and mounting unknown objects.


The present study investigated the performance of 527 urban and 133 rural children on the System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment (SOMPA). Of the 47 dependent measures investigated, significant differences in favor of the urban group were found on 27, most of which emphasized physical/motor and sociological aspects. Implications regarding possible bases for these differences including bias on the SOMPA measures were discussed.


The accumulation of anthocyanins in skins is one of the main features of red grape berry ripening. This research was designed to assess the changes in anthocyanin content in grape skins of V. amurensis and to explore mRNA transcriptions of 11 structural genes (PAL, CHS3, CHI1, F3H2, F3'H, F3'5'H, DFR, LDOX, UFGT, OMT and GST) related to anthocyanin biosynthesis during grape berry development, by the use of HPLC-MS/MS and real-time Q-PCR analysis. Accumulation of anthocyanins began at veraison, continued throughout the later berry development and reached a peak at maturity. Veraison is the time when the berries turn from green to purple. Expression of PAL, CHI1, and LDOX were up-regulated from 2 to 4 weeks after flowering (WAF), down-regulated from 6 WAF to veraison, whereas DFR was up-regulated at 8 WAF, and then up-regulated from veraison to maturity. The expression of these genes at the transcriptional level had a positive correlation with the content of anthocyanins from veraison to maturity. The CHS3, F3'5'H, UFGT, GST, and OMT were down-regulated from 2 WAF to veraison, and then up-regulated from veraison to maturity. The transcriptional expressions of the 11 structural genes also showed positive correlations with the anthocyanin content from veraison to maturity. Positive correlations were also observed between OMT transcriptional level and the content of methoxyl-anthocyanins and between F3'5'H transcriptional level and the content of delphinidin anthocyanins. F3H2 and F3'H expression was up-regulated at 2 WAF. F3H2 expression was down-regulated from 4 WAF to veraison and then up-regulated again from veraison to maturity. F3'H expression was down-regulated at 4 WAF and then up-regulated again from 6 WAF to maturity. F3'H transcriptional level was correlated positively with the cyanidin anthocyanin concentration from veraison to maturity. These results indicate that the onset of anthocyanin synthesis during berry development coincides with a coordinated increase in the expression of a number of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Keywords Vitis amurensis; Anthocyanins; HPLC-MS/MS; Real-time Q-PCR; Gene expression


Various neurologic, muscular, and anatomic disorders may cause a weakness in the dorsiflexion muscle group that often results in the development of foot drop. Evaluation of the Walk Easy Assistor demonstrated the efficacy and therapeutic value of using a dynamic support system to perform the functions of an ankle-foot orthotic for select patients.


Objective: To explore the impact of case management nursing model on the quality of life, insight and treatment attitudes of schizophrenics. Methods: This study involved 55 schizophrenics in the beginning and 8 of which broke off in the middle. The case management nursing model was implemented on the aforesaid group and further elongated towards the living community. Schizophrenics were investigated with Schizophrenics Quality of Life Questionnaire(SQLS) and Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire(ITAQ) at four different time spot, namely admission, discharge, 6 months after discharge and 12 months after discharge to examine the patients' quality of life and insight and treatment attitudes. Results: After intervention, the quality of life and insight and treatment attitudes of the patients were all improved(P0.01), while that of 6 months and 12 months after discharge have been decreased in different levels, especially in 12 months after discharge. Conclusion: The case management nursing model can effectively improve the quality of life, insight and treatment attitudes of the patients. The implementation of case management nursing model during hospital stay shows significant effects.


Theoretical identification of research approaches and academic formation with a political ecology perspective is becoming more frequent every time in Mexico...


Here, we report whole-genome sequences (WGS) of eight clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei obtained from melioidosis patients with sepsis in eastern Sri Lanka. ABSTRACT Here, we report whole-genome sequences (WGS) of eight clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei obtained from melioidosis patients with sepsis in eastern Sri Lanka.


The influence of hormone concentration, date of cutting collection, rooting medium, shoot position, cutting type, and wounding on the rooting of semi-hardwood 'Hayward' kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson var. Deliciosa] cuttings was evaluated. The highest percent rooting was obtained with cuttings from the apical (88%) and medial (66%) portion of current season's growth. Higher rooting percentages were obtained when shoots were collected mid-June to mid-July rather than September. Two-node cuttings wounded through the lower bud were given higher root quality ratings than wounded one-node cuttings, although rooting percentages were similar. Treatment with IBA at 4.0 or 6.0 g·liter–1 resulted in similar rooting percentages (58% and 69%, respectively) of two-node cuttings, but root ratings were higher with 6.0 g·liter–1. Cuttings rooted in vermiculite were given higher root quality ratings than those in perlite or 1 peat : 1 perlite (v/v) and had a higher percentage of rooted cuttings than those in peat:perlite. Chemical name used: 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).


The author offers a very practical discussion of diseases of the skin as encountered in the office of the family doctor.


Modern Chinese study of world history began in the middle of the nineteenth century and was closely related to the main theme of the times,that of saving the nation from subjugation an d ensuring its survival. Its chief feature was that it was attuned to the pulse of the times;in all historical periods,the main current of its research has never deviated from the main theme of the times,showing a strong sense of responsibility to society. Under the new historical conditions of reform and opening up,this sense of social responsibility should be reflected in fundamental adherence to the direction of serving the people and socialism.


The paper presents an analysis of the effects of the installation of an additional recovery heat exchanger for water heating by using heat from flue gases at the outlet of the thermal oil heater of 4 MW rated power. The initial condition included one heat exchanger for preheating air for combustion, whereby the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the flue stack was 210 oC. Two solutions were considered in the analysis. The first solution included the installation of an additional heat exchanger immediately at the boiler outlet, and before air preheater, while the second solution included the installation of a heatexchanger after the existing air preheater. A simulation was done for the operation of the system with a new heat exchanger installed at the end of the flue tract, with an aim to determine savings in fuel consumption in relation to the existing condition, with varying the value of the total thermal power delivered to consumers in the interval of 3,6-5 MW. An economic analysis is presented for the required investment's feasibility for the selected technical solution.


We present a distributed phase shifter with an equal ripple return loss at its operation frequency range. The phase shifter is based on a periodic structure and consists of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line periodically loaded with voltage-variable barium strontium titanate (BST) interdigitated capacitors. Mea- surements show that its return loss is better than 15 dB at frequencies from direct current to 16 GHz, and at 9.4 GHz, its phase shift is 41 under 120-V applied bias voltage. Index Terms— (BST), distributed circuits, phase shifter.


Objective:To analysis the etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)and observe the effects of the immunotherapy aimed at the anti-heart antibodies(AHA)on DCM as well as its prognosis.Method:A retrospective study of 301 patients hospitalized for DCM from January 2001 to December 2005 was performed in Union Hospital.The evaluation included medical history and results of the follow-up.Result:Virus was detected in 185 of 301 patients(61.46%),meanwhile the anti-myocardial antibody was found in 207 patients(68.77%).The virus was correlation to AHA.There were 46 of 301 patients(15.28%)who had the autoantibodies against adenine neuoleotide traslocator(ANT),treated with dilthiazem 90 mg daily and standard conventional therapy(group A).There were 29 of 301(9.63%)patients who had the autoantibodies against β1-adrenoceptor,treated with metoprolol and standard conventional therapy(group B),the patients with the autoantibodies against ANT and against β1-adrenoceptor were group C,after the median follow-up of(2.1±1.6)years,the patients gained one to two NYHA class,their ratio of coeur and thorax(HTR),left ventricular end diastolic dimension(LVEDd)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were significantly improved compared with prior treatment.Conclusion:Viral infection/autoimmunity was the common causes of DCM.The early immunotherapy with dilthiazem and metoprolol aimed directly at autoantibody against ANT and β1-adrenoceptor could obviously improve the cardiac function and quality of life of the patients with DCM.


An experimental evaluation of the Automobile Association (AA) secondary school driver training programme was conducted incorporating random assignment and the comparison of driving records 18 months after licensing. Sample sizes were 561 for the experimental (AA) group and 227 for the control group. The criteria used in the evaluation were self-report accidents and traffic offence notices. The official accident and conviction records were also examined. No statistically significant savings in accidents or convictions were found for students attending the AA course. AA students, however, obtained drivers' licences earlier than the students in the control group. (Author/TRRL)


The invention provides an extraction method of blueberry anthocyanin. The extraction method comprises the following steps of: uniformly mixing 100,000mu/g acid cellulase, 50,000mu/g acid pectinase and 20,000mu/g beta-glucanase in a powder state according to a proportion to prepare a composite enzyme; adding the composite enzyme accounting for 1.5 to 1.8 percent of the weight of blueberry pulp at a temperature of between 45 and 50 DEG C, and performing enzymolysis for 8 to 10 hours; centrifugally removing impurities at a high speed, filtering through an ultrafiltration membrane of 6,000Da, and extracting filtrate; filtering with an ultrafiltration membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 500Da, and removing the filtrate; and performing spray drying with a 500Da ultrafiltration membrane cut liquid to prepare the blueberry anthocyanin.


Two experiments are being conducted to observe the liquid/solid interface of He-4 near 1 K. Interesting instabilities are expected to occur when the solid is non-hydrostatically stressed. (1)A compact interdigital capacitor is used as a level detector to observe solid He-4 to which stresses are applied externally. The capacitor consists of 38 interlaced 50 m wide and 3.8 mm long gold films separated by 50 m and deposited onto a 5 mm by 5 mm sapphire substrate. The capacitor is placed on one flat end wall of a cylindrical chamber (xx mm diameter and xx mm long). The solid is grown to a known height and a stress is applied by a tubular PZT along the cylindrical axis. The observed small change in height of the solid at the wall is linearly proportional to the applied stress. The solid height decreases under compressive stress but does not change under tensile stress. The response of the solid on compressive stress is consistent with the expected quadratic dependence on strain. (2)Interferometric techniques are being developed for observing the solid He-4 surface profile. A laser light source is brought into the low temperature region via single mode optical fiber. The interference pattern is transmitted back out of the low temperature apparatus via optical fiber bundle. The solid He-4 growth chamber will be equipped with two PZT's such that stress can be applied from orthogonal directions. Orthogonally applied stress is expected to induce surface instability with island-like deformation on a grid pattern. Apparatus design and progress of its construction are described.


Research to determine the use of statistics in health carried out by health professionals in their workplace was carried out, concerning statistical techniques, research methods by a survey in 2019. This article reports three main findings. So far, (i) describes the needs and the opinions of the health professionals, (ii) goes to the training programs and identifies if the needs are covered by the training programs, and (iii) implements corrective measures to overcome the need not covered by the training programs. The research identified gaps between subjects and methods taught at university and the ones used in the workplace by health professionals. In the health professionals' opinion there is inadequate statistics education for alumni during their studies. Based in their opinion, researchers identified some changes to courses programs which should be implemented.


Since 1986 New Mexico State University has been conducting archaeology at the site of Fort Fillmore, a Civil War period outpost in southern New Mexico. Part of this project has been a systematic surface survey and collection to locate subsurface deposits on a large and threatened site. Results suggest that a number of natural and human impacts to the site have contributed to complex surface-subsurface relationships. These impacts can nevertheless be recognized and understood. Numerous subsurface features and deposits were located by reference to the surface data, and today the site of Fort Fillmore is protected better.


By making use of the impulse generated by rotate coder and the position feed back which is constructed by the frequency division output of the exclusive transducer ,basing on normal control of elevator realized by PLC and transducer ,the digital position control of elevator is realized .Accurate control of floors counted and park flat can be realized by PLC procedure design .The decel-eration distance can also be set up at at will ,which raises the reliability of system and precision of flat.


"Onsol" known as "Squill" and "Basal-al-far" in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) is a plant in the family Asparagaceae. Two kinds of "Onsol" have been mentioned inITM manuscripts, red and white. In this paper, we tried to determine the scientific name of"Onsol" which hasthe characteristics mentioned in ITM literatures are corresponding to the characteristics ofDrimiamaritima(L.)Stearn. The white bulbs of "Onsol" have been used medicinally. White bulbs from different parts of Iran are available in Iran herbal market and all of them are Drimiamaritima(L.) Stearn.


Abstract: Neuroblastoma cells were used to determine the effect of sorbinil on myo‐inositol metabolism in cells exposed to elevated levels of glucose in culture. Exposing cells to elevated levels of glucose led to an increase in levels of intracellular sorbitol. The increase in sorbitol levels was dependent on the extracellular glucose concentration. In contrast, the myo‐inositol content of cells was decreased in the presence of increasing concentrations of extracellular glucose. Increasing the concentration of glucose in the culture medium caused a decrease in myo‐inositol uptake and in the incorporation of extracellular myo‐inositol into phospholipid. The effect of elevated glucose levels on myo‐inositol metabolism and sorbitol accumulation was blocked by addition of 0.4 mM sorbinil. The ability of sorbinil to block the decrease in myo‐inositol metabolism and sorbitol accumulation caused by 30 mM extracellular glucose was dependent on its concentration. Maximal effects were obtained with 0.4 mM sorbinil. However, there was some variation in the degree of effectiveness among batches of sorbinil. These results at the cellular level suggest that the intracellular accumulation of sorbitol is responsible for the alteration of myo‐inositol metabolism observed in neuroblastoma cells exposed to elevated glucose concentrations.


Non-surgical cosmetic procedures have been undertaken for a number of years. It is fair to say that, in this time, there has been a notable difference in the way that treatment plans are approached by practitioners. This is most prevalent in more recent years, when the decision to treat patient concerns in isolation has moved to a holistic, full-face approach, taking into account not only the key concern that has brought the patient to a clinic, but other significant issues that may require carefully addressing, such as overall skin health and quality.


We build an agent-based computational model to study how the changing number of active product variants in a two-dimensional product space affects the performance of different firm types (i.e. large-scale and small-scale enterprises). We use an alternative approach to measure product space dimensionality, considering that dimensions may be a fraction of the Euclidean measure. The results confirm that high dimensionality gives advantage to small-scale firms. Additionally, we find that large-scale firms may also benefit from initial increasing dimensionality, since it allows a small degree of product differentiation and price discrimination.


This article examines the historical and social conditions that molded the development of the ethnic category of "Sephardim" within haredi (ultra-Orthodox) society in Israel. The significance of this category goes beyond denoting the generalized ethnic origin of Jews from North African and Middle Eastern countries. I explore this category through analysis of the ethno-class relations maintained within haredi society between Sephardim and their reference group, Ashkenazim, whose origins lie in Central and Eastern Europe. Analysis of this relationship, its historical sources, and its social development contributes to an understanding of the ethnic structuring of Sephardim in haredi society, including ethnic separation, the power of the politics of Sephardi identity, and the place of this identity in the movement of religious and political renewal among Jews from Islamic countries in Israel. It also sheds light on variations in lifestyle within the Sephardi haredi sector.


Renewable energy sources and technologies have the potential to provide solutions to the long-standing energy problems being faced by developing countries. The renewable energy sources like wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, biomass energy and fuel cell technology can be used to overcome energy shortage in India. This paper proposes a modified multi-level inverter (MLI) topology for Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources (HRES) and a design of hybrid solar-wind power generation model with 9-level, 13-level and 17-level inverter topologies. A HRES connected to a modified Cascaded H-Bridge Multi Level Inverter (CHB-MLI) is developed, whose switches are controlled using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. The proposed hybrid energy system model consists of 10 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) that intend to give 17 levels of output voltage. The proposed topology performs effectively with reduced number of components and reduced Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The performance of the proposed system is analyzed by designing the model in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The simulation results of the proposed inverter for the HRES application are compared with the results of the existing topologies to show the effectiveness of the proposed model.


This invention concerns the production of abrasion-resistant plates. The antiabrasion surface of the plate is constituted by the outer face (5) with a layer of composite material based carbide grains of spherical fused tungsten, bound in a brazing alloy. The surface (5) grinding presents a state of smooth and even mold surface. The abrasion-resistant layer contains a compact random distribution, regular and substantially homogeneous tungsten carbide grains. The surface (5) is made by molding: tungsten carbide grains are inserted between the mold walls and the core (2) of the workpiece, and is caused by temperature rise, a braze alloy between infiltration the powder grains, the core (2) and the mold. The invention allows to substantially increase the resistance to abrasion of grinding plates.


The article is presented many scientific papers, which comprehensively covered violations of D-vitamin and phosphorus-calcium metabolism devoted to pathology of metabolism in young cattle. A characteristic feature of most of these diseases is that they are mostly hidden the stage of flow at which the developing pathobiochemical disorders, back even to the stage of pathognomonic symptoms. The aim of the work was to study the distribution, etiology, clinical and biochemical status of calves with D-hypovitaminosis in one of the farms in Zhytomyr Polissya region. As the materials for the study there were used clinically healthy and 1-3 months old calves with clinical signs of rickets. There were studied keeping and feeding conditions of animals. There were conducted clinical and experimental studies. Diagnosis and distribution of D-hypovitaminosis in 1–3 months old calves have been studied using clinical and laboratory methods. It was established that D-hypovitaminosis in calves is widespread on the farm. There was found that 45.8% of animals showed subclinical course and 24.1% – clinical course of the disease. The pathology was more often recorded during the winter and spring time. The main etiological factors of the disease in calves there were hypodynamia and insufficient insolation of animals, low availability of cholecalciferol (25.8 %), impaired calcium-phosphorus ratio (2.7–4.2: 1 vs. normal values 1.5–2.0:1), deficiency of trace elements – Cobalt, Zinc, Copper, which were provided 57,6, 85,6 and 96,2 % of the need, respectively. Characteristic symptoms of the disease in calves are suckering, allotriophagia, thickening of the wrist joints, partial resorption of the last ribs and tail vertebrae, shaky teeth. The most informative laboratory tests for the diagnosing of the rickets are the determination in blood serum of cholecalciferol, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity and its bone isoenzyme.


A thickness of the brazing filler metal in the joint area can be prevented from becoming excessive, provides a brazing method for the heat exchanger corrugated tubes of automobile. A first portion 20 of the A tube 10, a step of contact with the bonding region Z of the second portion 22 of the tube, in the junction region Z, with filler and braze, the first portion in brazing method of the heat exchanger tubes and a step of brazing 20 and the second portion 22, the brazing material 32, under controlled conditions, by a distance D from the junction region Z of the second portion 22 It is applied to a remote location. .The


New multilayer aperture‐coupling microstrip slow‐wave bandpass filters using an open‐loop resonator loaded with interdigital capacitive fingers is proposed. The new filter configuration consists of two arrays of microstrip open‐loop resonators loaded with four fingers and eight fingers that can be coupled through the apertures on the common ground plane. The filter is not only compact in size, but also exhibits spurious stopband rejection. Filters of this type with elliptic function and Chebyshev response are demonstrated. There is good agreement between the measured and simulated results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1633–1639, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21715


Mr. ALIcK BOURNE, while fully realizing the, importance of reducing the blood-pressure in eclampsia, was doubtful as to venesection being the best method for this purpose. He could not agree that a sufficient reduction could be produced by venesection in the majority of cases without danger to the patient, and thought that a far better method to employ was the hypodermic injection of veratrone in doses graduated according to the height of the bloodpressure. Veratrone produced remarkable reductions, particularly if the tension was very high, and, though its effect was short-lived, the injection could be repeated on a subsequent rise without ill effects.


This paper is situated in the context of feminist debates around nature, culture, the body and essentialism, and focuses specifically on matter and materiality. In part, it is a response to recent developments in the natural sciences which suggest that strictly social constructionist and/or epistemological approaches to matter may be inadequate to the task of analysis and critique. It begins by considering some of the specific conditions under which the sex/gender model emerged, and its implications, before addressing the work of three contemporary theorists who are engaged with differing conceptions of matter, ontology and substance. I suggest that, while not necessarily providing 'solutions', these projects raise the kinds of questions that promise torevivify the flesh and blood of feminist critique.


Wireless multihop infrastructures (WMIs) facilitate low‐cost and quick deployable network infrastructures for emerging applications in emergency responses and smart cities. Cooperative sharing of energy consumption is essential for network sustainability. This paper studies the problem of cooperative sharing of routing services in an emergency WMI (E‐WMI) by examining the regulation of route switching from perspectives of network‐wide and long‐time energy efficiency. A key idea in the regulation of route switching is employing explicit routing terms among base stations in an E‐WMI, allowing tolerance of temporary imbalance of energy consumption in the network. A routing term refers to a period for a base station to continuously serve routing in an E‐WMI. By taking into account the specific features of E‐WMIs, this paper overcomes the challenging problems of complexity and difficulty in examining the explicit route switching and energy distribution in multihop networks. We find that there exists the optimal routing term and number of route switching for the long‐time energy efficiency. With the optimal routing terms, a network can take a principle of distributed energy sharing by route switching management rather than only applying end‐to‐end energy‐efficient routing that does not have a long‐time management of network energy consumption.


Both the TV show Mad Men and the Coen brothers9 black comedy feature, A Serious Man , are set in the 1960s and, this essay argues, depict the decade as a time of alienation and unhappiness, contrary to Baby Boomer myths and hippy wishful thinking.


The inertial phenomenon whose characteristic quanti ty is that the inertial mass is one of the natural phenomena known soonest but i s nature has so far still been a big scientific enigma. On the basis of analyzing trends of cognizing the definition of inertial mass from the past up to present, the auth or has found another approach to the nature of this phenomenon, that is the limited time of all processes of energy exchange. In the mechanics, the finiteness of the time of ene rgy xchange leads to the motion of the body with the limited acceleration. It does pro ve the portion between the potential field force and the motion acceleration of the body in the potential force field, that is a constant entity for each body, not depending on its motion; that is the inertial mass that has been hiding for a long term. Thanks to tha t, it is also to accurate the law of freely falling body and the principle of equivalenc is also a long term enigma up to date. In addition, it has developed the general law s of dynamics for all frames of reference, not only for the inertial frame of reference.


Enantiomers of Fluazifop-p-butyl were successfully separated by using the chiral chromatographic column of Nucleosil chiral-2(column temp.10 ℃) and the mobile phase composed of n-heptane,iso-propyl alcohol and trifluoroacetic acid mixed in the ratio of 99.3+0.5+0.2 by volume.The flow-rate of the mobile phase used was 0.6 mL·min-1,and UV-detection at 273 nm was adopted in the measurements.Under optimum chromatographic conditions of separation,linear relationship between the peak area and concentration of the R-isomer was obtained corresponding to the linear regression equation A=(236.3 ρ+1.94)×100 with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 1. On this basis,the R-isomer of fluazifor-p-butyl was determined.


Abstract In our ethnography among traditionalist Sunni Muslims of Kerala, South India, we observe the emergence of new intellectual critiques of Islamic reformism and a revival of 'traditional' Islamic articulations. A new class of traditionalist Sunni ulama, claiming to be 'turbaned professionals', plays an instrumental role in providing epistemic sanctioning to 'traditional' Islamic piety while simultaneously grounding it within the discourses and processes of neoliberal developmentalism. Such assertions of traditionalist Sunni Muslim identity challenge the conventional understanding of Islamic reformism as a hallmark of the progressive understanding of faith and traditionalism as its 'anti-modern' other. The article argues that this discursive shift of Sunni Islamic traditionalism in Kerala since the 1980s from defensive to more assertive forms has to be located in the context of wider socio-economic change within the community facilitated by structural as well as cultural forces of globalization. We point out that this process traverses the local, national, and global scales of identification, and results in intense negotiations between local identifications and 'true Islamicate global imaginations'. These negotiations bring in new discourses around the question of 'authentic' Islamic practices and sensibilities among the traditionalist Sunni Muslims, forcing us to locate the question of their identity formation beyond the boundaries of communities and the nation states that ensconce them.


This paper explores the accounting methods used for web-based sales transactions in multiple cases in South Africa. Exploratory descriptive research is warranted, as little research had been done on the accounting of sales and web-based sales transactions. Information was gathered using structured interviews, transaction trail data collected from web-based transactions and a content analysis of the websites of the cases involved in the study. The relative perceptions of the managers and the reality of the method used to account for web-based transactions was contrasted with the prescriptions of the international accounting standard on revenue. The results were described in the context of the accounting requirements of the international accounting standard on revenue and the influence of the doctrines of relativism and reality.

 Key words: E-commerce, web-based transactions, sales transactions, business-to-customer transactions, and B2C.


The effect of high (1000 V/mm) electric fields on solutions of a lyotropic liquid-crystalline polymer, poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) in p-xylene, is presented. The con- centrations are adjusted such that the solutions are strictly within the isotropic phase domain region, thus exhibiting no spontaneous liquid crystallinity. The effects of field strength, frequency, and concentration are varied and the morphological changes are noted. The results are analyzed with birefringence measurements via comparison with the optical Kerr effect. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4116 - 4125, 2004


This book is a welcome addition to an increasing body of work that deals with gender in the Qur'ān. The book's focus, spread over four chapters, is to map out all the female figures in the Qur'ān and examine relating to biological and In this the work is to of The work


This paper investigates whether the model of local rhetorical coherence suggested in Knott et al. (2001) can boost the performance of the Centering-based metrics of entity coherence employed by Karamanis et al. (2004) for the task of information ordering. Our results indicate that (a) the simplest metric continues to perform better than its competitors even when local rhetorical coherence is taken into account, and (b) this extra coherence constraint decreases its performance.


. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been developed as substitute cells for tissue engineering. However, in order to get a high number of cells, over-repassage leads the cells to become big in spread size indicating that senescence occurred. This study aimed to evaluate the potency of ascorbic acid to induce the proliferation and angiogenic potency of human ADSCs and inhibit the aging process of the cells. Human ADSCs were isolated by an enzymatic process. ADSCs were cultured in 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented by ascorbic acid in various concentrations (1, 3, 6 µ g/ml). The morphology, proliferation, population doubling time (PDT), and angiogenic potency were evaluated. Angiogenic potency analysis was performed using gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR). Ascorbic acid on 6 µ g/mL suppressed the senescence proved by cell spread areas, growth curves, viability, PDT, and percentage of scratch width closure. No significant difference in vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor expression to the control. However, the high concentration of ascorbic acid (6 µ g/ml) expressed the highest VEGF and VEGFR. Our study showed that ADSCs with supplementation of ascorbic acid (6 µ g/ml) promoted proliferation and angiogenic potency.


In this paper, we propose a coordination based resource management (CBRM) scheme with quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning for multicell OFDMA downlink systems. The proposed CBRM scheme cooperates with the multiple point deployment and the enhanced fractional frequency reuse (FFR). To solve the intra-cell interference brought by multiple point deployment, the CBRM scheme adopts a utility function to coordinate TPs and then maximizes system throughput and fulfills QoS requirements. Simulation results show that the CBRM scheme enhances the system throughput by amounts of 113% and 89% compared to the conventional FFR scheme [1] and the dynamic interference avoidance (DIA) scheme [6], respectively. Moreover, the CBRM scheme provides good QoS guarantee for both real-time and non-real-time users.


Educational policies mandate the consideration of accommodations so that students with disabilities become proficient in the objectives outlined by state academic content standards and demonstrate proficiency on high-stakes assessments. However, neither policies nor empirical research provide sufficient guidance for educators to effectively select and implement accommodations. This study reviews the effectiveness of accommodations for students in the special education eligibility category of emotional disturbance and those with diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). First, we propose definitions that delineate accommodations from modifications and interventions. Next, we identify strategies that could serve as potential accommodations for this population. Next, we conduct a systematic literature review and calculate effect sizes to evaluate the effectiveness of the included strategies. Finally, we review the evidence to determine whether each included strategy meets the proposed definition of an accommodation. Although several potential strategies are beneficial to youth with ADHD and/or emotional and behavioral disorders, this review indicates that very few purported accommodations actually meet all the criteria in the definition of accommodations , and there is very little evidence supporting the effectiveness of commonly recommended accommodations for youth with behavioral challenges. Our critique of the state of the science on accommodations highlights several important issues that can be used to inform current research and practice in schools.


This chapter discusses the progression from the use of angiography to identify and characterize coronary atherosclerosis to novel intracoronary imaging techniques, which has enabled a greater appreciation of plaque composition in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. With particular focus on intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography, the chapter highlights the different strengths and weaknesses of each technique, and potential future developments.


This article explores the emergence of popular music as a niche cultural industry, connected to economic and social transformations on the New South Wales Far North Coast (also known as the 'Northern Rivers' region). The various images of the New South Wales Far North Coast as a 'lifestyle' region, 'alternative' locale and coastal retreat have attracted a diverse mix of ex–urban professionals, unemployed persons, youth subcultures, backpacker tourists and retirees. Yet, despite population growth, the region continues to suffer unemployment rates among the highest in Australia. Against this backdrop, diverse popular music 'scenes' have emerged, constituting an industry with linkages to cultural production in Sydney, Melbourne and overseas. While the region's unique cultural mix has been suggested as a key site of comparative advantage, future employment is likely to remain transient, insecure, and governed by industry–wide labour relations. This case study illustrates some of the complexities underpinning contemporary urban–regional change in Australia, and provides cautious assessment of the capacity of the cultural industries to reinvigorate rural economies.


Aggregate takes up 60%~90% of total volume of concrete. Thus, concrete properties are highly affected by physical properties of its aggregate such as aggregate size distribution. With a view to achieve optimized gradation, there are various aggregate gradation tools or methods, such as, gradation curve, individual percent retained (IPR) curve, "8-18" band and combined fineness modulus (fineness modulus of total aggregate) etc. In this research, a comparative analysis of various tools and methods of aggregate gradation was performed through a number of trial mixes. Also a comparison of combined gradation and fractional (mixing fine and coarse aggregate) gradation is given. The workability, density and strength results from these concrete mixes are finally compared to propose a suitable aggregate gradation. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of [name organizer]