Method for purification of an aqueous solution of viscous polysaccharide, having a high molecular mass and high viscosity, wherein the impurities are removed by treating the solution with activated charcoal, preferably at a temperature comprised between 50 and 130 DEG C. The method is particularly well adapted to the purification of scleroglucane.


Summary Thyroidectomy exerts an inhibiting effect on the growth of the testis of the duck stimulated by electric light. This effect is very marked during 3-4 weeks, but diminishes later on. It is not yet possible to say if it disappears completely after a sufficient length of time. Thyroidectomy exerts also an inhibitory effect on the development of the penis. This inhibition is more marked and more prolonged than that of the testes.


The invention provides a topological structure of a hybrid all-solid state high-voltage DC breaker. The topological structure comprises a full-control device valve, a semi-control device vale and a reactor serially connected in order. The full-control device valve and the reactor are connected with the low voltage end and high voltage end of the DC breaker through disconnectors, respectively. The full-control device valve and the semi-control device valve are parallelly connected with a lightning arrester. By making full use of series features of full-control devices and semi-control devices and features of DC interrupting process, high-voltage high-current interrupting can be achieved through a proper control strategy, the different requirements of the turn-on and turn-off process are met; the topological structure has the advantages such as low manufacturing cost, high reliability, low loss and the like; when a high-voltage high-current power transmission system fails, the faulted current can be quickly interrupted to remove a fault point.


Abstract : The report presents the results of a new, comprehensive set of experimental data conforming to the irradiation conditions of the derived damage function (material, temperature, and fluence). The results of this experiment are discussed in terms of their establishing the validity of the damage function. Averaged values of the damage function are tabulated for a typical reactor physics calculation energy group structure, and their application to two different spectra is described. Finally, the damage-function fluences required to cause a 200F Delta-TT in A302-B steel are presented for many different reactor locations. For each of the spectra involved, the upper and lower energy limits of significantly damaging neutrons are given, and some detail is also provided regarding the contribution of subgroups within the overall energy spectrum. (Author)


The chemical industry plays an important role in the U.S. economy by producing goods and services and employing myriads of people. Unfortunately, the U.S. chemical facilities are vulnerable to terrorist attacks and are located near highly populated U.S. cities. Perhaps, as a result of these two factors, chemical facilities are attractive targets for terrorists. In recognition of the risks chemical facilities pose, Congress passed the interim final rule known as Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS), to better secure U.S. chemical infrastructure against potential terrorist attacks. The purpose of this article is to understand the perspectives of chemical industry representatives on CFATS. To accomplish this goal, the author uses information collected from interviews of seven key individuals from the chemical industry supplemented with secondary information from academic articles, government reports, and Congressional testimonies. Some of the results suggest that chemical industry representatives think that the design of CFATS is good, but CFATS implementation is very slow. The article concludes with recommendations offered by chemical industry representatives to improve CFATS and a discussion of a broad research agenda for addressing the risks faced by the U.S. chemical industry.


Objective To study the expression of gelatinase A (MMP-2) in acute leukemia cells and its clinical implication. Method The bone marrow samples from 46 acute leukemia patients were investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Matrigel invasion assay was studied on U937,HL-60 and K562 cell in vitro. Results The expression of MMP-2 was positive in 26 of 46 patients with AL(56.5%),including 20 of 34 patients with AML(58.8%) and positive in 6 of 12 patients with ALL(50%),respectively. In MMP-2 positive and negative groups of AL,the extramedullary infiltration rate was 50% and 20%( P 0.05),while the percentage of blast cell in peripheral white blood cells was 72.01±14.3 and 61.53±16.8( P 0.05), respectively. The matrigel invasion assay suggested that MMP-2 be involved in migration of leukemia cell through extracellular matrix (Matrigel). Conclusion MMP-2 might be essential to the egress of leukemic cells from bone marrow into peripheral blood, followed by an extramedullary infiltration.


Today, Passive Defense as a necessity and broad area in all aspects of economic, cultural, political, technological and social approach of prevention and deterrence, plays a vital role in preserving Islamic values, preserve the honor of Iran, to reduce vulnerability in key parts of the country as well as promoting resource efficiency and power management in different areas. In addition to defending the land, passive defense is to defend beliefs and values against the dangers that threaten the country, with increased resistance, maintaining morale and cohesion of the people against the threats, through attention to cultural and religious infrastructure. This research utilizes library studies, content analysis and interviews with experts in the field of Islamic culture, passive defense and entrepreneurship to study and analyze the promotion of passive defense culture from the perspective of Islamic values and the role of the custodian organizations of the cultural and educational sphere in the country in the context of entrepreneurial and innovative actions.


People's dependence on digital technology has increased rapidly since the global Covid-19 pandemic. This causes the world's need for digital products and human resources to make digital products higher. Informatics Engineering Program is one of the providers of human resources who are proficient in the field of information technology. One of the basic skills that must be possessed to create digital products is programming or coding skills. The more skilled a person is at typing and understanding coding, the more complex the digital products he can create. This is why the coding ability of students in the Informatics Engineering Program must be improved. This website-based coding training program aims to improve the coding skills of Informatics Engineering students with interesting and fun gamification methods. Gamification methodology will greatly benefit student of Informatics Engineering Program in Riau University to improve his or her coding skill without consuming too much time and energy.


Well-known stick-slip model with constitutive expressions of D. Dieterich (namely "rate and state friction law" giving the dependence of dry friction coefficient on sliding velocity along contacting surface) is involved again to explain the effect of generation of slow dissimilar motion or low frequency oscillations in fault zones occurring on the background of steady shift of fault sides. Beside these expressions, currently referred as "rate and state friction law", energy exchange between fault zone and surrounding medium is taken into consideration in terms of auxiliary parameter of effective volume stiffness. So, the closed system of equations may be obtained and applied to establish "stick-slip" criterion versus parameters of fault zones, as that used initially. Stability analysis of this system (by Lyapunov technique) showed that long period oscillations can occur when a system is close the point of marginal stability, and the decrement (rate of damping) of oscillations is several times less than their frequency at least. Being occurred before strong earthquake such oscillations are able to contribute to generation of internal waves in atmosphere, which propagate to ionosphere (as it is described by piston model for its vertical extension). The effect of this oscillation also may be relevant to anomalies in electromagnetic waves of VLF range of frequency, which are running in wave guide between Earth surface and lower boundary of the ionosphere.


Fritillaria roylei is a perennial, threatened medicinal plant of the Astavarga group growing in open sunny slopes of temperate to alpine regions of the Himalayas. During the last few years a decrease was felt in natural populations of this species. The present study deals with habitat preference, multiplication and conservation methods. Open sunny meadows with moderate slope, rich in humus are the preferred habitat of F. roylei. The density of species was between 0.40-4.20 plant m among studied populations. Heavy harvesting pressure, anthropogenic activities, competition with other associated species and low seedling establishment are the major threats. A 58-77% population reduction was recorded during the last 20-30 years. Being a medicinally important plant, such species should be given priority for conservation through both in situ and ex situ methods. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Open Access (OA) publishing is the set of practices thanks to which research publications are accessible freely without barriers. With Diamond Open Access, authors can publish free of charge as the institutional sector with universities, research institutions or libraries provide the necessary technological infrastructure. However, the Diamond OA landscape continues to be fragmented, is often underfunded, and is not always technically proficient enough to develop its full potential for science and society. The CRAFT-OA project, started in January 2023, aims to consolidate the Diamond OA publishing landscape both from the technical and organisational point of views. In this paper we describe the context and architecture of the Diamond Discovery Hub that will be released by the project to increase visibility, discoverability and recognition of Diamond OA institutional publishers and their content. The Diamond Discovery Hub will facilitate the integration with the wider scholarly communication ecosystem and the European Open Science Cloud to enlarge visibility, discoverability and reach of open access publications as part of the emerging Open Science paradigm.


The modern psychologist bears on itself enormous responsibility on support of development of the person trained. The expert-psychologist needs support of the professional way. The theoretical model (principles, stages, methods and forms) supports of professional self-realization of the psychologist in various pedagogical systems is considered.


It can be argued that pervasive access to information and services becomes more valuable when they are related and adapted to the real world situations of their use. We discuss sensor-based approaches to awareness of such situations based on experience from two projects, one investigating context-awareness as add-on technology for mobile devices, and the other exploring the use of everyday things as context suppliers.


With the presence of biopolymer-sodium alginate as additive, Eu-doped ZnO (zinc oxide) urchins consisting of nanorods were synthesized through a hydrothermal route. X-ray diffraction pattern makes evident the absence of phase other than wurtzite ZnO. Upon excited by 325nm xenon laser, such nanostructured Eu-doped ZnO urchins emit white light, which originates from the luminescence of ZnO and the intra-4f transitions of Eu3+ ions. Besides acting as stabilizing agent, sodium alginate may also sensitize the Eu3+ ions in the nanostructures and facilitate the energy transfer from the host to Eu3+ ions.


The Cd(III) - HIDA( N - (2 - hydroxyethyl) iminodiacetic acid) system was studied by differential pulse po-larography (DPP) at fixed total - ligand to total - metal concentration ratio 30 ~ 60 and varied pH. Stability constants of metal complexes are obtained by solving the mass - balance equation written for the metal complex system and fitting the complex formation curve. The experimental parameters of polarographic peaks ( a shift in peak potential and a variation in a peak height) are included in the complex formation curve. Two cadmium complexes CdL, CdL22- and the refinement of their stability constants as 7.26 +0.02 and 12.54 +0.04, respectively, are reported.


Surface discharge at the oil-pressboard interface is known as the development of a conducting path which is characterized by white and carbonized marks.This phenomenon tends to cause damage on the cellulose pressboard insulation which is subsequently promotes catastrophic failure in transformer's insulation.One of the major defects that may cause surface discharge to occur along the pressboard surface is an excessive moisture content in pressboard insulation.In order to increase the understanding on this failure,this research project presents the investigation on the degradation behaviour of surface discharge along dry and wet pressboard samples (3 % and 6 %) immersed with different viscosity of natural ester insulation (NEI) oils,i.e.palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) and MIDEL eN oil.There are three types of experiments that were discussed in this research project,i.e. surface breakdown,partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) and surface discharge experiments.These experiments were conducted in oil bath by using a needle-bar electrode configuration under AC voltage stress.Three differences gap distances between the needle tip and earth electrode,i.e.20 mm,30 mm and 40 mm were used in surface breakdown and PDIV experiments.On the other hand,surface discharge experiment was conducted under a long duration of constant AC voltage (30 kV) with a fixed 30 mm gap distance.The development of surface discharge have been analysed by correlating the visual records of surface discharge and phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) pattern.The results show that the moisture contents in the pressboard and viscosity of insulation oils play important roles in all experiments. In general,as moisture increases,the PDIV and surface breakdown voltage decreases,whilst the PD number from the surface discharge experiment increases.However,unexpected results are observed when pressboard of 6 % moisture content are used in MIDEL eN oil,whereby the surface breakdown voltage was unexpectedly increased and no PD data was recorded in the surface discharge experiment. This might be due to the trapped vaporised moisture and dissolved gases in the pressboard structure as a result of higher viscosity of MIDEL eN oil compared to PFAE oil. Another effect of high viscosity of MIDEL eN oil is also observed when the MIDEL eN oil-impregnated pressboard has a higher surface breakdown voltage by approximately 27.82 % on average and lower PDIV approximately by 8.98 % on average compared to PFAE oil-impregnated pressboard, regardless the moisture contents in pressboard.In addition,the maximum PD magnitude for the MIDEL eN oil-impregnated pressboard is in the order of 1×10−12C which is lower than PFAE oil-impregnated pressboard that is in order of 1×10−9C.On the other hand,the number of PD is observed higher for MIDEL oil-impregnated pressboard compared to PFAE oil-impregnated pressboard.


FIELD: pharmaceutical industry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to Ginkgo biloba extracts useful for stimulating of muscle mass building up at the cost of fat mass in patients which are treated with diet or drugs. Claimed extract contains specific amounts of flavoneglycosides, ginkolides A, B, C, and J, bilobalide, proanthocyanidines and alkylphenol-like compounds and is useful in production of drug for stimulating of muscle mass building up at the cost of fat mass in patients which are treated with diet or drugs. EFFECT: extract of high effectiveness. 4 cl


The financial market of the city of Iquitos is made up of commercial banks, financial banks, municipal savings banks, among others, who compete in the offer of services performing financial intermediation. Banco de Comercio Agencia Iquitos has been operating in the city since the beginning of this decade, competing with other institutions in the placement of loans and savings collection. The segment with the largest number of credits is the "ARMED FORCES AND POLICE NATIONAL OF PERU (PNP) CONTRACT" sector, and the resources requested are used as working capital. It should be pointed out that Loreto's economy is mainly based on extractive activities, with the oil industry followed by forestry, which have been affected since 2014. The objective of this master thesis was to analyze the impact of The delinquency in the strategic objectives of the Banco de Comercio Agencia Iquitos, in the period 2011 - 2015. For this purpose, the present investigation was carried out of Correlational and Non-Experimental design, analyzing the statistical significance and the determination of the Independent Variable (Default) in the Dependent Variable (institutional equity, loan portfolio, and number of transactions). After the analysis and discussion of the results, it was verified that the delinquency does not affect the behavior of the Assets, the Loan Portfolio and the Number of Transactions; That is, it is at manageable levels that do not pose a threat to the institution. The "Hydrocarbons" sector and the "Forestry" sector are the main activities that boost the regional economy. The crisis in the "Hydrocarbons" sector is due to the fall in international oil prices, changes in the administration of oil lots, and social conflicts in the extraction areas. Unlike the "Forestry" sector that is due to the application of Law N° 29763 - Forest Law and Wildlife, and the controls it contemplates.


In order to maintain viability and superior seed quality it is essential
that seeds be stored in properly conditioned and safe storage facilities after
drying to required mositure content. In case of germplasm and breeders' seed
in an experiment station, it becomes all the more essential that seed drying
and storage be carried out with utmost care since the seed involved is valuable
and if lost cannot be reproduced. The moisture content of seed at harvest is
too high to permit safe storage. The seed, therefore, has to be dried to safer
levels of moisture for storing. Similarly material from yield trials is required
to be brought to a uniform level of moisture for comparative analysis. In
addition to seed, there are a number of plant samples that the researchers need
to dry for analysis.


Individual knowledge is the fundamental human capital to contribute to the greatness of the company. The personal capability and competence should be dispersed to other individuals within the organization to form a work team that is reliable and motivated so that each individual can easily do the work communication. As a result, it gives an impact on the flexibility of working people and eventually can improve the company performance. The data are collected by questionnaires that are distributed to 90 industrial practitioners, with the 86 completed data that can be further processed. The result of this study states that the individual knowledge influences strongly on the development of the competent work team, and enhances the collaboration and communication process. The development of the work teams in the company affects the collaboration, communication, and effectiveness of the work teams. Finally, the cooperation and communication in the work place and the effectiveness of the work teams together improve the company performance.


The University of Calgary is attacking the problems of spam and spyware from the angle of education. "Spam and Spyware" is a computer science course offered at both the undergraduate and graduate level, that objectively examines the legal, ethical, and technical aspects of spam and spyware and their countermeasures. We believe that this is the only course of its kind in the world. Furthermore, students are given hands-on experience in a secure laboratory, developing software for spamming, spyware, and defenses against them. This paper documents our course and its rationale.


To assess the extent of the acetylation of procainamide (PA) to N‐acetylprocainamide (NAPA) in man, and its relation to isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) acetylation phenotype, the following study was done. Fourteen subjects received 500 mg of PA . HCI orally. INH acetylation phenotype was determined by the serum half‐life of INH after 4 mg/kg of INH orally. Each urine voided for 96 hr after procainamide was saved and levels of procainamide and NAPA measured by gas‐liquid chromatography. The 14 subjects eliminated 52 ± 4% ofthe dose as procainamide and 16 ± 2% ofthe dose as NAPA. Four fast INH acetylators eliminated 23 ± 3% ofthe dose as NAPA compared to 12 ± 1% by the slow acetylators (p < 0.05). The amount of unaltered procainamide excreted by thefast and slow INH acetylators was not significantly different, 50 ± 4% and 53 ± 4%, respectively. Ofthe total amount of drug recovered in the urine ofthefast and slow INH acetylators, NAPA accountedfor 32% and 19%, respectively (p < 0.01). There appears to be a positive correlation between the ability to acetylate INH and the ability to acetylate procainamide.


A clear grasp of vegetable price transmission mechanism and the ability to make early warning for vegetable price are important for guaranteeing the effective supply and stabilizing the market price of vegetables. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct a research on vegetable price transmission and the early warning considering the associations with non-target areas. The implementation plan for the research was expounded from the research methods, technical route, key technologies and innovations.


This article examines the role of reviewer agreement in judgments about alignment between tests and standards. We used case data from three state alignment studies to explore how different approaches to incorporating reviewer agreement changes alignment conclusions. The three case studies showed varying degrees of reviewer agreement about correspondences between objectives and test items. Moreover, taking into account reviewer agreement in the analyses sometimes had a marked effect on alignment conclusions. We discuss reasons for differences across case studies and alignment approaches, as well as implications for future alignment efforts.


1.1 The birth of thermodynamics with the development of the steam-powered heat engine Thermodynamics was born of the need to improve efficiency of the steam-powered heat engine in order that flooded salt mines of England could become more productive. The water-to-vapor phase transition provides the physical property whereby the steam-powered heat engine functions. Heat flows into the engine at the 100°C of the phase transition to effect a dramatic volume expansion. For the steam-powered heat engine, heating causes expansion to perform mechanical work. Principal contributors to the initial development of thermodynamics were Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1824), French physicist and military engineer who died of cholera in 1832 at the age of 36 and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), a physicist and engineer of the University of Glasgow, whose contribution was in the period of 1840 to 1855 (Smith, 1977). Looking back at this remarkable development, Prigogine and Stengers (1984a) state, under the section heading of "Heat, the Rival of Gravitation" that "Out of all this common knowledge, nineteenth-century science concentrated on the single fact that combustion produces heat and that heat may lead to an increase in volume; as a result, combustion produces work. Fire leads, therefore, to a new kind of machine, the heat engine, the technological innovation on which industrial society was founded." Heating water at 100°C converts water to steam, a phase transition, to an increase in disorder (in entropy). Perhaps Lord Kelvin's statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics is most relevant to our concerns, which is "It is impossible to convert heat completely into work in a cyclic process." Greater efficiencies in the conversion of heat into work become possible when heat is poured into a system at the temperature of a transition. Biology utilizes a unique and unfailing two-component phase transition of protein-in-water, and biology does so with a particularly empowering twist made possible by the accuracy and diversity of its protein sequences.


We sought to identify the D1‐like receptor (D1R or D5R) involved in dopamine‐stimulated activity of large‐conductance calcium‐ and voltage‐activated potassium (BKCa) channels in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC). HCASMC, purchased from Cambrex, were grown to passage 5–6.D1 and D5 dopamine receptor mRNA expression was demonstrated by RT‐PCR. Probability of opening of BKCa channel (NPo), studied by single cell patch‐clamp, was 0.0083. It increased to 0.0982, with 1μM Fenoldopam (2 min), a D1‐like receptor partial agonist. 10 μM SCH 23390, a D1‐like receptor antagonist, reduced BKCa channel activity (NPo = 0.0512, 2 min). HCASMC were transfected with antisense (AS) and scrambled (Scr) oligonucleotides for D1 and D5 receptors. Cells transfected with D1 AS and Scr oligonucleotides, and D5 Scr oligonucleotides showed similar BKCa channel response as controls. Transfection with D5 AS oligonucleotides abolished BKCa channel response to fenoldopam 10μM (20 min), and SKF 12987 (a full agonist of D1‐like receptors) 1μM (10 min) and 10μM (20 min). Thus, D5, but not D1, receptors mediate D1‐like receptor agonist‐stimulation of BKCa channels in HCASMC, implicated in human coronary vasorelaxation.


The present invention, do not have access to a GPS indoors or high-rise buildings relates to a peripheral moving direction such that the positioning precision can be used as a navigation system for pedestrians out in a difficult place for the measuring apparatus. In the acceleration detector (1), that a pedestrian involved in walking and detecting the three-axis acceleration of the traveling direction measuring apparatus change, acceleration in the output data acquisition unit (2), the walking of the pedestrian detected by the acceleration detector (1) a three-axis acceleration data output which changes along with the acquired repeatedly a predetermined number of times or more. A first gravity acceleration calculating section (3), when the pedestrian is in the gait by holding the traveling direction measuring apparatus at approximately fixed attitude, acceleration output data acquisition unit (2), the steps minute acceleration in the period of acquisition by calculating the gravity acceleration by averaging the data group and the first moving direction estimating unit 4 in the first gravity acceleration calculating unit the acceleration data group projected on a plane perpendicular to the gravity acceleration calculated by the 3 to the frequency components corresponding to the period of one beam on the basis of estimates of the pedestrian travel direction. Acceleration detection unit, outputs the acceleration data acquiring section, the first gravity acceleration calculating section, the first moving direction estimating section, the geomagnetic detection


KEYWORDS A field experiment was conducted in the research farm of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad to assess the performance of weed vermicomposts on yield and nutrient uptake of maize. The experimental design was a randomized block design (RBD) with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments were Parthenium vermicompost (PV), Cassia vermicompost (CV), Ipomea vermicompost (IV), Fertilizer (FE) and control (CO). The fodder maize (cv. African Tall) was planted at the rate of 100 kg ha-1. The fertilizers were supplied in the form of N, P2O5 and K2O at the rate of 120:80:40 kg ha-1. The observations were recorded on morph-physiological traits at 65 DAS. On the basis of results obtained, it is concluded that the combination of Cassia vermicompost (CV) and chemical fertilizers is ideal manure enhancing growth, nutrient uptake and productivity of maize crop as compared to Parthenium hysterophorus, Ipomea carnea Fertilizer and control plots. Parthenium, Cassia, Ipomea, Vermicompost, Fertilizers, Maize


In today's era WWW has become one of best sources of information and the reason for this is people are using search engines more frequently than before. The pages which are misleading the ranking algorithms in the search engines are called the Web Spam. Web spam try to manipulate search engine algorithms in order to advance the page ranking of specific web pages in search engine results than those web pages deserve. T h e r e a r e c e r t a i n w a y s t o d i s t i n g u i s h s u c h s p a m p a g e s . One o f t h e m i s using classification that is learning a classification model for classifying web pages whether that page is spam or nonspam. Comparative and observed analysis of web spam detection using data mining techniques like C4.5, JRIP, LAD Tree, and Random Forest have been presented in this paper. Experiments were carried out on three feature sets of standard dataset WEB SPAM UK-2007.


It has been recognized for several years that the observation of light scattering in He II would be an interesting tool for the study of density fluctuations in this quantum liquid. The scattering is expected to be caused in superfluid He4 mainly by thermally excited first sound1-4 , in He3 —He4 mixtures also by second sound 5 and in pure He3 by zero and first sound 6. The only quantitative experiment on liquid He4 by L A W S O N and M E Y E R 7 indicated that within an experimental error of 20% there was no excessive scattering at the A-point. This large experimental uncertainty can be considerably reduced when a laser is used as a light source: We report here on a measurement of the light scattering in superfluid He4 as a function of temperature with a relative error of less than 2%. This demonstrates that precise measurements of the light scattering in liquid helium are quite feasible in spite of the small scattering cross section. The scattering cell which is shown in Fig. 1 contained 30 cm3 of highly purified liquid He4 and was cooled by a separate helium bath. A 40 mW light beam from a He —Ne laser entered and left the cell through B R E W S T E R windows (not shown in Fig. 1 ) . The scatterOur data are shown in Fig. 2: The photocurrent with liquid helium in the scattering cell minus the photocurrent for the empty cell (6 x 10~9 Amp) is plotted versus temperature. Evidently below the A-point the scattered light intensity approaches zero with falling temperature. A temperature independent contribution to the light scattering, for example R A M A N scat-


Abstract : The effect of some organic compounds containing sulfur, chlorine, and phosphorus on the lubricating action of polysiloxanes of various types under heavy friction loads were studied. Additives that show a high activity in preventing scoring of steel in hydrocarbon lubricating media were much less effective in polysiloxanes. Their activity decreased sharply on transition from polyethylsiloxane to polymethylsiloxane and then to polymethylphenylsiloxanes. They almost had no effect on the lubricating capacity of polymethylphenylsiloxanes. The assumption is made that the decomposition of wellknown additives, which determines their effectiveness in preventing scoring of steel, initiates chain reactions in which the principal components of lubricating oils participate. With increasing stability of lubricating media to reactions in which free radicals take part, the activity of additives that counteract scoring decreases. This explains the lack of effectiveness in polymethylphenylsiloxanes of the additives considered. (Author)


FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: infinitely variable gear box comprises a number of velocity governors. Driving disk (34), driven disk, and cylindrical bearing member (18) are in contact with the first, second, and third points on each of the velocity governors. Disk (60) of the thrust bearing transmits rotation to the driving disk. At least two generators of axial loading are interposed between the driven and driving disks and disk of the thrust bearing and can apply the axial loading to the driven disk. EFFECT: improved structure. 62 cl, 27 dwg


Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare, biologically aggressive tumor. This cross‐sectional study aims to define risk factors for subclinical nodal metastasis in primary BSC, and identify the patients who would benefit from routine sentinel node biopsy (SLNB) as part of the initial management.


Segmentation of dynamic PET images is needed to extract the time activity curves (TAC) of regions of interest (ROI). These TAC can be used in compartmental models for in vivo quantification of the radiotracer target. While unsupervised clustering methods have been proposed to segment PET sequences, they are often sensitive to initial conditions or favour convex shaped clusters. Kinetic spectral clustering (KSC) of dynamic PET images was recently proposed to handle arbitrary shaped clusters in the space in which they are identified. While improved results were obtained with KSC compared to three state of art methods, its use for clinical applications is still hindered by the manual setting of several parameters. In this paper, we develop an extension of KSC to automatically estimate the parameters involved in the method and to make it deterministic. First, a global search procedure is used to locate the optimal cluster centroids from the projected data. Then an unsupervised clustering criterion is tailored and used in a global optimization scheme to automatically estimate the scale parameter and the weighting factors involved in the proposed Automatic and Deterministic Kinetic Spectral Clustering (AD-KSC). We validate the method using GATE Monte Carlo simulations of dynamic numerical phantoms and present results on real dynamic images. The deterministic results obtained with AD-KSC agree well with those obtained with optimal manual parameterization of KSC, and improve the ROI identification compared to three other clustering methods. The proposed approach could have significant impact for quantification of dynamic PET images in molecular imaging studies.


Since 1970s, the Chipko movement, deforestation, peaceful methods of protest and slogan "ecology is permanent economy" has made a remarkable impact on about environment in rural and urban settings in India. With many intellectuals, organizations, government policy and conferences working towards sustainability and organic farming has definitely making progress but in slow pace. Based on research articles one burning environmental issues that poses an unprecedented challenge to developing nations like India and others. India opened up world trade a decade ago that is just hitting its stride growing the economy fast enough to lift millions of people out of poverty. However, growth based on carbon-intensive fuels like coal and oil is already clogging urban air and undermining improvements in health and welfare. In addition, increase in carbon emissions adds up to rising global warming and possibility of making things much worse. On the other hand, China has just opened for world trade with a caution to save health and environment. In this background, I would like submit the observational study on 'non-use of Plastic Polythene bags by 'Religious agencies, Sweet Shops and lower class group vendors as 'Role model' in awareness building with respect to growing urbanization'. India being a vast country with varied community people living and practicing respective cultural and traditional rituals-Plastic bags comes handy to suit in all walks of life. As it has become a habitual practice to be depended on plastic polythene bags and without which the life does not exist. Policy formulated on 'Ban on use of plastic bags' is imposed. Nevertheless, in reality rights from street vendors to a well to do executives have become dependent on this product 'plastic'. Much awareness on plastic and plastic related products is being made, yet the uses of plastic bags are increasing day by day. The plastic bags that comes handy to carry many things right from solid, semi solids and liquids. The major problem arises when it is disposed in garbage, littered on roadsides, lakes, nallas and in open areas. This is one among the major bothering environmental problems of urban cities in India. Just a 'ban on use' does not help unless ban is imposed on ones practice or habit. Dependency on plastic bags is more or less like addicted to the use of plastic bags. In the process, the environment is getting damage leading various problems like water pollution, overflow of garbage, littering on roadside, nallas logging and in turn, giving rise to various mosquito and other insects breeding affecting the health of one and all, particularly the children. Working with the poorer sections of people has helped to realize that lack of awareness is creating deficiencies in social actions, leading to deterioration of the Environment. During my previous work and present research work I have come to this understanding that, no doubt awareness campaigns and workshops on ecological concerns helps in sensitizing people about the issue and pursues a handful to proceed further to tackle with same or to take up preventive measures. In practice and reality, the main objective to bring a wholesome change or practice is affected. It again remains concentrated only among upper class or elite group. On the other hand, common mass belonging to low-income groups, lower strata those who residing in slum settlements are the real victims, who remain as an ignorant and innocent common mass. The awareness is needed here to strengthen them to give up the practicing habitual practice and adopt to live without it for better environment and better living. This paper focuses on environmental management through reformation in practice and attitude. The paper focuses on the observation made on some of the religious agencies of a popular sweet shop and vendor community of Hyderabad city as role model in helping in conservation of urban environment.


Abstract The influence of urban development on populations of amphibians has received a significant amount of attention in the recent literature. However, few studies have attempted to obtain demographic data on amphibians in urban landscapes. To assess the influence of urbanization on amphibian life histories, we collected demographic and phenologic data on an urban population of the California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) in Sonoma County, California. This population breeds in a single isolated vernal pool nested in a mosaic of urban land uses. We used drift fences with pitfall traps to capture adults migrating to and from the pool over the course of 3 breeding seasons. We estimated the breeding adults at between 65 and 107 annually, which was somewhat surprising given that only 17.5% of the grassland habitat surrounding the pool is currently undeveloped. The study population had similar temporal patterns of migration activity among years. Rainfall triggered migration to the breeding pool, and males remained at the pool longer than females. Migration activity began in November, but most breeding adults were captured in December and January, and captures in February were rare. The migration pattern associated with pool depth showed a trimodal distribution; however, minimum pool depth for breeding occurred when the pool was approximately half full to completely full. Finally, we were able to stimulate colonization by gophers of areas near the breeding pool by constructing large mounds of soil. Our trapping records indicate that some salamanders over-summered in these areas where no suitable upland burrows existed prior to mound construction. Although developed landscapes are less than optimal for the long-term conservation of this species, our study shows that populations may persist with some degree of adjacent development.


Objective To ascertain the drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hospitals and determine its carbapenemase production.Methods The K-B disc diffusion method was used to test drug sensitivity.Carbapenemase production was identified with a modified Hodge test.Results 145 strains of P.aeruginosa were isolated,mainly from respiratory specimens,pus,and other secretion.Results In total,145 strains of P.aeruginosa were isolated mainly from respiratory specimens,pus,and other secretions.Results showed that P.aeruginosa was most resistant to ampicillin(88.97%).Its resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium,cefotaxime,ciprofloxacin,and ceftazidime was greater than 50%.P.aeruginosa was sensitive to lomefloxacin and cefoperazone/sulbactam.Thirty-one stains were resistant to imipenem,and 32.26% produced carbapenemase.Conclusion P.aeruginosa was frequently isolated and produced carbapenemase.It was also highly resistant to drugs.


The operational characteristics of CW transversely excited CO 2 lasers were investigated for two cathode systems: newly developed bar cathode and conventional multipin cathode. CO 2 lasers employing both cathode systems had similar output characteristics and gave about 10 kW output and about 19 percent efficiency. Oscillation mode patterns and discharge stabilities differed a little from each other, that is, the former had less uniform mode and less stability than the latter. However, the studies showed that we should be able to make discharge stable, and to get a uniform gain distribution and a uniform oscillation mode with a cathode system consisting of variously shaped bars.


Bi-substituted yttrium iron garnet, Y3-xBixFe5O12 (Bi:YIG, x = 1, 1.5), films were prepared on Gd3Ga5O12 (111) substrates by metal-organic decomposition (MOD) method to use as MO indicator films. Those films had the in-plane magnetic anisotropy and Faraday rotation as large as that of the single crystal and do not show prominent magnetic domain structure, which is often observed in single crystalline garnet films grown by liquid phase epitaxy method. Disappearance o magnetic domain structure can be attributed to a granular structure with a grain size of ∼ 50 nm in Bi:YIG thin films. The characteristics are suitable for MO indicator films to visualize a stray magnetic field strayed from a specimen. In this paper, MO imaging of Nb films with groove patterns is demonstrated.


Over the last two decades, India has achieved an enormous of Non-performing Assets increase day by day. The Gross NPA in the banking sector, which stood at 11.5% at end of March, 2018. Indigent asset quality adduce into undersized interest income and higher bad loan, eventually outstanding to disintegration in banking Institutes' profitability and business capital. Over time, the enlargement in NPAs can pushed to bank collapse and undermining financial soundness. Efficient and effective debt collection increases the availability of credit and lowers the cost of borrowing worldwide by reducing the losses to lenders from bad loans. Lenders otherwise make up their losses with higher interest charges on new and existing loans, and by restricting lending to borrowers at minimal risk of default. The proper redress of NPAs and recovery of bad loans rest only with pertinent credit assessment and recovery framework reforms. However, the bank's recovery improves after the implementation of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.


With the continuous development of the mining industry, the world's major mines have gradually entered the intelligent stage. In intelligent underground mines, the operation roads of the underground transportation equipment are very complicated, and the monitoring and control of the underground traffic have become the problems to be solved in the intelligent underground mines. Therefore, on the basis of solving the practical problems of underground mines, the concept paper discusses the possibility of the communication-based train control (CBTC) system being applied to underground mines through the summary and induction of the related literature. As mining engineers, we have proposed the function design for the CBTC system to solve the problems in underground mine rail transportation, but we still need to continue to work hard for the future development of the underground mines. The concept paper serves as a guide to the Tossing out a brick to get a jade gem, and it has implications for the development and the future of underground mine transportation.


ii DECLARATION iii APPROVAL SHEET vi LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Aims and Objectives 3 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 2.1 Cancer nanotechnology: Definition and Application 4 2.1.1 Importance of Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment 5 2.2 Noble Metal and Their Nanoparticles 5 2.3 Gold Nanoparticles 7 2.4 Silver Nanoparticles 8 2.5 Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Theranostic 9 2.5.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of BOC's duality and political connection on fraudulent financial statement at State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesia. This study used 86 observations of SOEs that are listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2015-2019. Using panel data estimation, this study surprisingly finds that BOC's duality has negative effect on fraudulent financial statement. In addition, political connection has positive effect on fraudulent financial statement. These findings suggest independent boards who hold dual positions have incentive to maintain their reputation, thereby decreasing fraudulent financial statement. However, independent boards who have political connections cannot overcome their conflicts of interest, so they are unable to carry out their supervisory functions properly.

Keywords: BOC's duality; fraudulent financial statement; political connection; corporate governance.


The complexation behavior of La(2)@C(80) dimetallofullerenes with organic donor molecules (D) in solution has been investigated. It has been shown that La(2)@C(80) and D form 1:1 complexes as a result of electron transfer interactions in the ground state. The equilibrium between La(2)@C(80)/D and [La(2)@C(80)](•-)/[D](+) in solution is readily controlled by changing the temperature and solvent.


In this paper, we prove that the Hat matrix is a real doubly stochastic matrix and discuss the importance of the Hat matrix with doubly stochastic property in regression.


The invention provides a communication terminal information grouping method and a communication terminal; wherein, the method includes the following steps: fixing on the grouping condition of the communication terminal information; judging whether relevant fields corresponding to the grouping condition exist in the record of the communication terminal information stored in the form of structured data; if relevant fields corresponding to the grouping condition exist in the record of the communication terminal information, recording the relevant fields with the same information in the record of the communication terminal information, which accord with the grouping condition, in the same group; presenting the communication terminal information to a user in a mode that the same group of records are arranged together. The invention further provides a communication terminal. The communication terminal information grouping method and the communication terminal are convenient for the user to group the communication terminal information according to different grouping conditions, thus narrowing searching range. Meanwhile, through automatic grouping, the grouped communication terminal information is more convenient for the user to operate.


There are acceptable ways of studying Indigenous issues as a non-Indigenous scholar. Still, the role and identity of the scholar is important and debated within the study of Indigenous issues. The purpose of this article is to accept, but explore the premise of a distinction between Indigenous and non-Indigenous. I claim the possibility of taking a decentred space within Indigenous studies and move towards a methodological and theoretical foundation that is informed by scholars with different stances and backgrounds. A key approach is the intersectional approach to privilege. Neither privilege/oppression, Indigenous/non-Indigenous, nor insider/outsider are binary relations. From Indigenous methodologies such as kaupapa Māori, I emphasise, in particular, the local starting point, arguing that this is the way to transfer relevant issues to a bigger context.


This paper proposes relay selection to increase the physical layer security in multiuser cooperative relay networks with multiple amplify-and-forward relays, in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. To strengthen the network security against eavesdropping attack, we present three criteria to select the best relay and user pair. Specifically, criteria I and II study the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receivers, and perform the selection by maximizing the SNR ratio of the user to the eavesdroppers. To this end, criterion I relies on both the main and eavesdropper links, while criterion II relies on the main links only. Criterion III is the standard max-min selection criterion, which maximizes the minimum of the dual-hop channel gains of main links. For the three selection criteria, we examine the system secrecy performance by deriving the analytical expressions for the secrecy outage probability. We also derive the asymptotic analysis for the secrecy outage probability with high main-to-eavesdropper ratio. From the asymptotic analysis, an interesting observation is reached: for each criterion, the system diversity order is equivalent to the number of relays regardless of the number of users and eavesdroppers.


Yearly employee review is one of the most important tools, which the heads motivate their associates with. Several organizations face the problem of unsuccessful and ineffective functioning of this system. By means of a questionnaire and statistic analysis we calculate the descriptive statistic of yearly employee reviews and correlations between the factors that influence them. We state that the employee's own strategic plan of the development of his career exerts a positive influence on his relation to them. The basic statement of the research is that the employees in enterprises consider yearly employee reviews as very important and useful but that, however, their implementation is poor and does not give expected results. At the end we state the activities and/or factors that are of key importance for more successful implementation of yearly employee reviews and to which the management will have to devote itself more actively in the future if we wish to improve the state of this field of action.


This paper examines complex issues associated with 21 st century engineering practice as described through comparisons between a controversial report, The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century, and our own engineering students of 2005. According to this report and other recent studies published by leaders in engineering education, engineering students of the 21 st century will possess a markedly different set of skills and abilities in order to thrive in a world of high-technology and globalization. Unlike traditional engineering programs that have portrayed students as "empty vessels" waiting to be filled with a regimented schedule of discipline-specific courses, 21 st century engineering programs are predicted to be student-centered programs customized to meet the needs of a divergent mix of undergraduate engineering students through "enhanced instructional methodologies". This paper presents examples of such programs already in progress in a large, metropolitan institution far in advance of 2020 in hopes that such examples will mitigate the hesitancy and resistance for engineering educators more familiar with traditional engineering instruction. One such example comes from multi-disciplinary engineering educators working collaboratively on one of two National Science Foundation grants (DUE-0122950 and DUE-0422097), where multiple areas of overlap exist between the predicted characteristics described in The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century and the goals and objectives of this program. Other examples are presented to highlight links between what is predicted in 2020 engineering education and what exists in 2005 through incorporation of outreach initiatives and industry partnerships. All of these programs represent "enhanced educational experiences" designed to engage undergraduate engineering students through "non-traditional" instruction and support. While "non-traditional" engineering experiences at the undergraduate level may be atypical in 2005, we join the Committee on Engineering Education in anticipation that multiple modes of multi-disciplinary approaches will be "main-stream" in the engineering education of 2020. It is our hope that these examples will assist other engineering educators in developing their own styles of professional flexibility, and we offer these perspectives to assist and prepare other educators for the changes ahead.


The recovery growth experiment in Sparus macrocephalus following different periods of starva-tion was conducted. The results indicated that there was completely or partly compensatory effect on the recov-ery growth in Sparus macrocephalus by means of increasing feed intake (FR) and food conversion efficiency (FCE). Sparus macrocephalus mainly depend on lipid as its energy consumption during the starvation period. Protein content within fish increased slightly, while lipid content was decreased, and no more changes were occurred in water and ash content after the recovery period.


Computer programs developed by M.A.N., B&W to optimize engine room configurations are described. Originally a minor tool used for assisting the company's customers, the set of programs has now been developed to cover comprehensively technical and economic calculations with written and graphic presentation of results. It is available to shipyards, owners, consultants and others who can benefit from such an analysis. The available mechanical elements for a configuration are described, together with the electronic data processing system and the development work behind it. A recent case study is also discussed, where an analysis performed with the programs was used to determine the specific configuration of engine room components for a containership.


This book consists of 17 articles reprinted from the Journal of Consciousness Studies, 6, No.l1-12 ( 1999) and an index. It is not an easy book to review since the topics are various and some of the articles are of very high quality deserving of a review to themselves. The connecting theme is the need to reclaim cognition from "cognitive science", so-called, since the latter insists on treating cognition as if it were an abstract, symbol-shuffling activity capable of simulation on a computer employing models which are independent both of semantics (the meanings of the symbols shuffled) and of bodily response factors (including emotional factors) in the organism doing the shuffling. Essentially, cognitive science appears to subscribe to a kind of dualism that is known, by philosophers at least, to generate insoluble problems. But the difficulties are not only philosophical. Modern mathematics shows, for example, that computability cannot be relied on if one gets too far from the ordinary human scale of things. The weather cannot be predicted more than about a fortnight ahead. This is not because of the amount of calculation required. Today this is never a problem one simply builds a bigger computer. The prediction is provably impossible because of the dependence of the equations on initial conditions. The equations are wellknown but human judgments have to be made about initial conditions; sometimes a judgment as simple as how many decimal places to employ makes a real difference. It is also provably impossible to predict the state of our solar system more than a million years ahead, or the orbit of the Earth more than a hundred million. A million years (or a hundred million) is time long enough to ensure that there is no need for alarm on a human time scale but it is a very short time indeed as a fraction of the expected life of the Sun (five billion years). Initial conditions are as they are and will be as they will be, determinacy is not challenged, but when it comes to prediction, a human (or any other) computing system has no choice but to make decisions about them and the need to make that choice places principled limits on the validity of the conclusions that can be drawn. As much is true of any complex interacting system and the central nervous system (CNS) is as complex as any (and its laws less well understood than most). If free will was thought to be incompatible with full neural determinacy, then the philosopher has now to ask whether determinacy where the determined events are in principle unpredictable counts against it or not? It had always been assumed that if precision of measurement of initial conditions was increased then the result of a complex calculation would be the same as before but to a greater degree of precision. This is now known not to be the case, the result may be quite different. What is more there appears to be nothing outrageous about the idea. Determined reality is not affected, only calculations of probability about real,


OBJECTIVE
To study the modulation of mononuclear cell (MNC) activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by constituents released from human articular cartilage, which may be present in vivo during early events of the disease, when articular cartilage is not only mildly damaged.

METHODS
In an attempt to stimulate RA MNC, cells were co-cultured with healthy or mildly damaged articular cartilage tissue. In addition, because of the reported cross-reactivity between cartilage constituents and mycobacterial heat-shock protein (hsp60), RA MNC sensitized with hsp60 were also co-cultured with cartilage tissue. Activation of the RA MNC was assessed by analysing the production of catabolic factors involved in joint damage. For this purpose culture supernatants of the treated RA MNC, comprising the catabolic factors, were added to freshly isolated articular cartilage explants. As a read out for catabolic activity, proteoglycan (PG) turnover by the explants was determined.

RESULTS
Spontaneous activity of untreated RA MNC caused inhibition of PG synthesis and increased PG release upon addition of their culture supernatants to the cartilage explants. This MNC activity was not enhanced by the constituents released from healthy or mildly damaged cartilage tissue, whereas sensitization of RA MNC with hsp60 resulted in a 40% enhanced inhibition of PG synthesis. However, even under these pre-activated conditions no reactivity towards the cartilage constituents could be observed.

CONCLUSION
Cartilage constituents released from mildly damaged cartilage tissue, as may be present during the early events of RA. do not modulate the catabolic activity of RA MNC.


Safety goes first. Meeting and maintaining industry safety standards for robustness of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models require continuous monitoring for faults and performance drops. Deep learning models are widely used in industrial applications, e.g., computer vision, but the susceptibility of their performance to environment changes (e.g., noise) \emph{after deployment} on the product, are now well-known. A major challenge is detecting data distribution shifts that happen, comparing the following: {\bf (i)} development stage of AI and ML models, i.e., train/validation/test, to {\bf (ii)} deployment stage on the product (i.e., even after `testing') in the environment. We focus on a computer vision example related to autonomous driving and aim at detecting shifts that occur as a result of adding noise to images. We use the population stability index (PSI) as a measure of presence and intensity of shift and present results of our empirical experiments showing a promising potential for the PSI. We further discuss multiple aspects of model monitoring and robustness that need to be analyzed \emph{simultaneously} to achieve robustness for industry safety standards. We propose the need for and the research direction toward \emph{categorizations} of problem classes and examples where monitoring for robustness is required and present challenges and pointers for future work from a \emph{practical} perspective.


Based on the case of central government's financial support to prevent and control atmospheric pollution in Beijing and its surrounding areas,the paper analyzes the positive role of government's assistance,as well as the deficiency in current budget policy-making: the domination of financial sectors in policy-making system,the absence of democratic decision-making procedures,the contents contrary to legal principles of efficiency and fairness,the lack of scientific basis for policy-making,improper approach to policy-making. It then puts forward a number of mechanisms to ensure reform and innovation in institutional mechanism.


In this study,tetraaniline was synthesized by using dianiline as monomer and FeCl3 as oxidant。Prepolymer was synthesized with different molecular weights of poly(tetramethyleneglycol)and 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate,ditetraaniline-capped copolymer was synthesized through reacting tetraaniline with prepolymer by catalyst of triethylamine,in order to improve the mechanical property of polyaniline。And we investigate the property after using arc discharge method addition nano silver in poly(tetramethylene glycol)。 Nanocomposites chemical structures have been investigation by FTIR。GPC dates showed the molecular weights and molecular weghts distribution。The physical properties of nanocomposites were investigated by DMA,the dates of creep/recovery was fitted by Burger's model。 The electronic properties of the doped nanocomposites were studied by using UV/Vis instrument。The thermal degradation behavior of nanocomposites were examined by TGA analysis。We use Ozawa's method to estimate the thermal degradation energy of nanocomposites。Finally we using the four-probe to measure the conductivity for these conductive films。


Fluoride upconversion luminescent ultrafine powder was synthesized successfully by the hydrothermal method. Comparing with the high-temperature solid-state reaction method, the sample from the hydrothermal method is more suitable for the application in optoelectronic detection because of the better spatial resolution. The physical mechanism of the Er(superscript 3+)-doped fluoride 1 550 nm upconversion luminescence was discussed. The influences of Er(superscript 3+) dopant concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time were studied.


Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics reinforced with 10∼50 mass% of chopped Si-Al-C fibre (average length; 394µm) and 5 mol% of A14C3 as a sintering aid were fabricated by hot pressing at 1800°C for 30 min under a pressure of 31 MPa. The hot-pressed SiC compact with 40 mass% of chopped Si-Al-C fibre addition showed a maximum relative density (96.8%) among the specimens examined and a Vickers hardness (Hv) of 28.3 GPa. The highest fracture toughness (KIC) (3.9 MPa • m1/2) was achieved at 30 mass% of Si-Al-C fibre addition. These Hv and KIC values were higher than those (Hv ;17.0 GPa and KIC 2.1 MPa • m1/2


Abstract An efficient method for the synthesis of metalloporphyrins in 71–98% yields from free‐base 5,10,15,20‐tetraarylporphyrins in ionic liquids under microwave irradiation has been described.


Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) generate a variety of autoantibodies, which are primarily directed against mitochondrial antigens (AMA). However, a subgroup of patient sera are also positive for antibodies to nuclear components (ANAs). At indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), PBC sera mostly produce homogeneous, nuclear dot, speckled, centromere, or rim-like patterns. During the last two decades, a number of nuclear structures have been recognized as specific targets of ANA in PBC. These include Sp100 and promyelocytic leukemia proteins, which generate a nuclear dot IIF pattern, and two components of the nuclear pore complex specifically associated with a perinuclear pattern (i.e., gp210 and p62). In recent years, the clinical significance of ANA in PBC has been widely investigated and data indicate that, unlike AMAs, PBC-specific ANAs correlate with disease severity and may therefore be a marker of poor prognosis.


Introduction. In In today's conditions of economic development, business entities face the challenge of reformatting systems, methods and economic mechanisms for managing sustainability in terms of innovative approach. Therefore, the solution of economic, social, managerial and personal problems in contemporary society implies a specific innovative style of management, which is based on innovation, innovation, systematic and continuous innovation activities.

The purpose is to identificatt the positive trends and shortcomings of the processes of innovative development of economic entities that exist in Ukraine, and to clarificate of modern scientific approaches to encourage businesses to innovate in order to ensure financial stability and innovative development of the country's economy.

Results. The study of the mechanism of innovation activity allows us to conclude that the formation and development of an innovative management strategy by an economic entity is an integration process that combines the processes of forecasting, planning and accounting of the resource base of the enterprise in the long-term, medium-term and short-term prospects in the new conditions modernization of the state economy. Creating a national innovation system is to build a holistic system that effectively transforms new knowledge into new technologies, products and services that find their real consumers in national or global markets. At the same time, attention should be paid to the development of an innovative strategy by each domestic enterprise, which will create conditions for positive trends in the development of this process.

Conclusions. Innovations are essentially related to the cyclical development of the economy, as they initiate new technological developments. Therefore, in an innovative economy, the state plays an important role in implementing anti-cyclical economic regulation, smoothing out cyclical fluctuations and mitigating their effects. To ensure the further development of innovation in Ukraine, it is necessary to comprehensively use methods to stimulate innovation, in particular the improvement of tax legislation; improving the legal framework for venture funds; improving the mechanism of protection of intellectual property rights; ensuring effective cooperation between the scientific and business sectors in the field of innovation.


A 30-year-old female presented to our emergency room for the first time with reduced vision in her right eye (OD) after gentle rubbing. Her ocular history revealed laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis in both eyes (OU) 10 years back. Five years later, she developed ectasia OU where only the right eye was cross-linked. Both procedures were performed at another center. Isolated corneal stromal bed perforation with severe surrounding stromal thinning was evident. Sole glue application either at the bed or the flap edge was not successful. The patient underwent Penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) with a good outcome.


Supreme Court of Victoria, McMillan J, 19 March 2019.

Did provisions in will for the construction of a crypt or tomb create a charitable trust or fall into the anomalous
category of non-charitable purpose trusts?


Abstract:Naturalist Charles Bonnet wrote three publications on the tapeworm—in 1750, 1777, and 1780—now largely forgotten. This article considers how these texts reveal both the challenges of researching intestinal worms and the practices used to examine tapeworms. Bonnet's publication of 1777 is particularly informative as it provides a rare and detailed account of an artist conducting research alongside the naturalist. Bonnet explains how the Danish artist Henrik Plötz manipulated, described, magnified, and drew tapeworm fragments to help the naturalist see them more clearly with the naked eye. The attentive observation often associated with eighteenth-century naturalism played a diminished role in their efforts to discern the tapeworm's anatomy.


The aim of this study was to explore perceptions and knowledge of source isolation among hospitalised patients colonised or infected with multi-resistant organisms, to identify if information provided and delivery method are helpful and appropriate, and to identify areas for practice improvements. Purposive sampling was conducted. Between November 2019 and January 2020, bedside interviews with structured questionnaires (combining multiple-choice and free-text questions) were conducted with adult in-patients requiring isolation for multi-resistant organisms in a 180-bed metropolitan hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Data analysis included quantifying multiple-choice responses and thematic analysis of free-text responses. Thirty participants completed the interview questionnaire. Lack of awareness and understanding of multi-resistant organisms was evident. Participants reported a preference for face-to-face education (96.7%) and information brochures (86.7%), rather than phone call (33.3%) or informative video (0%). Qualitative responses revealed communication and information deficits exacerbated patients' negative psychological impacts including embarrassment, loneliness, abandonment, confusion and fear. Participants identified that clinicians need better communication skills and knowledge of multi-resistant organisms to recognise and ameliorate the effect of source isolation on patients. In conclusion, patients in source isolation reported that they do not receive adequate information. Enhancing clinician knowledge of multi-resistant organisms and improving communication skills may help address the psychological needs of these patients.


The effect of a state's financial incentives to attract foreign direct investments (FDI) is a frequent topic for both economists and policy makers. Many studies have shown that FDI are disproportionately concentrated in states with agglomeration economies. This paper uses a conditional logit model with FDI (new plants) data from 1987-1994 to explore the relationship between state efforts, state characteristics, and FDI attraction. Key results show that both promotion expenditures and agglomeration economies are important in attracting foreign plants. Results also indicate that promotion expenditures by states with small economies can partially offset location disadvantages of agglomeration (urbanization and/or localization) economies and thus appear to be a useful economic development tool as states compete for investment.


Antibiotic resistance is a crucial grievous menace to public health on a planetary scale as it plummet the effectiveness of treatment and increase morbidity and mortality (Cassandra et al., 2008). Highly resistant bacterial evolution resulted in the compromised use of new generation of antibiotics (Levy, 2002). Antibiotic resistance is due to an inherent ability of microorganism to form surface-attached communities of cell with in the extracellular Polymeric matrix called biofilm (Davery et al., 2000). The biofilm act as nidus and shields the bacteria. The challenge exhibited by biofilm infection is the remarkable resistance to both host immune response and available chemotherapies (Patel, 2005; Leid et al., 2002) Chronic nosocomial infections by Gram positive and Gram negative have become more predominant in recent years with the exaggerated use of prosthetic biomedical implants. Very often bacterial associated infections are consequence of direct biomaterial contamination during implantation but they can also be caused by hematogenous sprawl of bacteria from an infectious site anywhere within the human body. A similar medical problem is posed by International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 3 (2017) pp. 444-450 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Swords held a special place in the culture of the ancient kingdoms of Wu and Yue. Legends about swords were recorded here far earlier and in much greater detail than any other part of China, and this reflects both the development of sophisticated sword-making technology in this region of China, and the importance of these blades within the culture of the ancient south. Both Wu and Yue were famous among their contemporaries for the quantity and quality of the blades that they produced. This chapter of the Yuejue shu, describes a conversation between King Goujian of Yueand one of his retainers, a man named Xue Zhu. It concerns an anonymous king of Chu's appreciation of fine swords from Wu and Yue, and the efforts that he goes to in order to persuade two master craftsmen, Gan Jiang and Master Ou Ye to make three blades for him.Keywords: China; Goujian; swords; Wu; Xue Zhu; Yue; Yuejue shu


MTRC Contract 103- Immersed Tube, comprised the construction of a twin tube tunnel 1400m long between Tsimshatsui and Wanchai including the North and South Ventilation Buildings and associated works. The immersed tube is located beneath Victoria Harbour starting within reclaimed land adjacent to Fenwick Street, Wanchai, on the Island, to a point approximately 24m seaward of the then existing seawall south of Nathan Road in Tsimshatsui, Kowloon, and forms the major part of the longest stretch of line between stations on the MIS. The tunnel comprises fourteen 100m long concrete units and the contract included demolition and reconstruction of the Wanchai seawall and provision of temporary access to the North Ventilation Building (NVB). Included in the construction of the concrete ventilation buildings were emergency stairs, the provision and installation of floodgates and all building and architectural works. Kumagai, Gumi Co. Ltd of Japan were awarded the contract in March 1976 with a tender and construction method being based on the engineer's design. The period of contract was 196 weeks, from March 1976 to contract completion at 30 December 1979. This paper describes in detail the major activities of this project such as: construction of the dry dock and the 14 tunnel units, the dredging of the trench across the harbor, screening the trench bottom with an aggregate bed, backfilling the trench, constructings of two ventilation building caissons, installation of the floodgates and reconstruction of the seawalls at Wanchai and Tsimushatsui.


The relation between the percentage of dietary Calories derived from protein (P) and the corresponding net protein utilization (N.P.U. or U) was studied with various proteins of different nutritional value. At P > 40 the experimental results (from rats) did not fit the Miller–Payne linear model. A semilogarithmic plot, however, accommodated all the data, ranging from P = 10 to P = 80. The new model yields, by extrapolation, values of maximum utilization that agree well with the protein (chemical) scores. A general prediction equation is given that enables N.P.U. to be calculated from a knowledge of P and of the chemical score of the protein or protein mixture at issue.


Symbolic dynamics proved to be adequate for the study of complex systems and to describe dynamic aspects within time series. Microelectrode recordings (MER) obtained during deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson's disease can be considered as time series. In this study, symbolic dynamics was applied to MER obtained from subcortical structures: thalamus, zona incerta, subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra. The MER were transformed to symbols sequences, next, words of three symbols are constructed and the occurrences of these words are quantified with entropy measures. The results obtained showed that the entropy measures were able to differentiate statistically the changes in neural activity between the subcortical structures. In conclusion, the application of this type of measures could be used in the process of localization of the subcortical structures and mainly the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for neurostimulation.


OF DISSERTATION INFLUENCES OF PROBABILITY INSTRUCTION ON UNDERGRADUATES' UNDERSTANDING OF COUNTING PROCESSES Historically, students in an introductory finite mathematics course at a major university in the mid-south have struggled the most with the counting and probability unit, leading instructors to question if there was a better way to help students master the material. The purpose of this study was to begin to understand connections that undergraduate finite mathematics students are making between counting and probability. By examining student performance in counting and probability, this study provides insights that inform future instruction in courses that include counting and probability. Consequently, this study lays the groundwork for future inquiries in the field of undergraduate combinatorics education that will further improve student learning and resulting performance in counting and probability.


Potential differences in psychiatric clinical outcomes and hospitalization rates before and after the initiation of long‐acting risperidone among recently and long‐term diagnosed schizophrenia patients were studied.


method has been developed for different extracts of W. tinctoria for high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting analysis for identification and quantification of the marker compound. Result: the satisfactory resolution was obtained in the solvent system toluene:ethyl acetate v/v (8:2) for petroleum ether extract, toluene:ethyl acetate v/v (7:3) for chloroform extract and toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid v/v (7:3:0.1) for alcoholic extract. Conclusion: The HPTLC fingerprinting profile developed for different extracts of W. tinctoria will help in proper identification and quantification of the marker compound.


Figure 1: Pictorial schematic of the excitation emission pathways of the optical spectrometer. The fiber tip is optionally capped with a prism for intravascular applications (white arrow). The system utilizes a wide-band Xe lamp with a rotating filter wheel to select up to 6 different excitation wavelengths. After filtering, an optical fiber is used to both excite and collect the fluorescent light. A cooled CCD is used to measure light intensity with minimal noise.


We have developed a simple, analytically tractable radiative‐convective model of the tropical climate system that includes an explicit moisture budget, a simple convection parametrization, a simple but physically based radiation parametrization, and interactive clouds. the underlying surface is assumed to be ocean. the model includes prognostic equations for the sea surface temperature and the vertically integrated water vapour content. A stratosphere in radiative equilibrium limits the depth of the convective layer. the lower‐tropospheric lapse rate, surface evaporation rate, and clear‐sky long‐wave and short‐wave radiative fluxes at the surface and the top of the atmosphere are determined as functions of the sea surface temperature and precipitable water only. the radiative‐convective equilibria of the model atmosphere resemble the observed tropical climate, if realistic sea surface temperatures are prescribed. However, cloud‐free radiative‐convective equilibria of the tropical atmosphere‐ocean system do not occur for realistic values of the surface albedo. When cloud radiative effects are included, the model produces radiative‐convective equilibria that are unrealistically warm. With prescribed realistic lateral energy and moisture transports, however, the equilibria of the model are realistic.


The erroneous eating habits of modern people have led to overeating and binge eating, and have produced patients suffering from obesity and complications. In this paper, we examined how music genre is involved in human appetite through natural methods of music listening for appetite control. The music genres chosen for the study were used against contradictory calm classical music and exciting dance music in order to compare the results clearly. As a result, the human body was able to see that when listening to calm classical music, the therapist or the delta wave in the state of sleep or meditation caused appetite in an increasingly relaxed state. On the other hand, when you listen to exciting music, you can see that the ratio of alpha and beta waves coming out when you are excited or concentrating is relatively high, and it gives satisfaction and lowers your appetite rather. Received (November 6, 2018), Review Result(November 23, 2018) Accepted(December 8, 2018), Published(January 31, 2019) Assistant Professor, 156-743 Dept. of Information & Telecommunication, SoongSil Univ., Sangdo-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea email: email@example.com (Corresponding Author) Professor, 156-743 Dept. of Information & Telecommunication Engr. SoongSil Univ., Sangdo-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea email: firstname.lastname@example.com A Study on the Effect of Music Genre on Appetite Change Copyright c 2019 HSST 826


The present paper explores the small proteins from the PDB database to find the existence, if any, of molecular functional characteristics in the chains of these proteins. Such characteristics, if obtained, will help to throw more insight into small proteins as well as for identification of functions of newly discovered proteins. Nine different methods had been used in this paper to find hidden information in the chains and to associate it with its functions. Among them five methods are seen to reveal distinguishable characteristics for the functions and the application of principal component analysis revealed a dendrogram which can be used as signatures to predict molecular functions of small proteins from the amino acids of the chain itself.


Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an enabling technology that promises to create value through greater visibility in the forestry wood value chain network, higher product velocity, more efficient transportation management and improved quality control. However, it is still not clear how these objectives can be fully achieved. In this paper, we propose an ICT framework called "FTrace" for implementing a traceability system in the forestry wood supply chain based on Internet of things concept. Internet of things uses RFID technology to connecting objects. In the forest sector case object is wood and any product based on wood after transformation. FTrace will help some specific partners in the value chain to track the origin of wood, control information of raw material utilization, trace production progress and track the transportation process. FTrace solution increase collaboration between the different supply chain actors through tracing the business processes execution, orchestrating different providers, integrating the different IT application used throughout the wood process and offer a scalable traceability system. The proposed architecture will also provide managers with meaningful information allowing them to track and trace wood at different process stages (cutting tree, collecting wood, production, sales, etc.) to achieve a more competitive advantage. FTrace is tested in the Canadian forestry context.


【Task】 A test sensor for testing an analyte concentration in a fluid sample comprises a pre-fill capillary formed by the base and the lid of the test sensor, and a sensing capillary. Pre-fill capillary is in fluid sensing capillary and fluid communication. Pre-fill capillary is first filled with the fluid sample, then a portion of the fluid sample by capillary action to test the concentration of analyte moves to the sensing capillary.


The authors of the case presentations puhlished in this issue of PACE entitled Sagging Heart Syndrome introduce a neologism into the glossary of terms commonly employed in pacemaker implantation and follow-up. Those of us who have achieved a certain mature vintage in which familiar hody parts and organs have long since migrated toward uncanny and unexpected directions will identify with the concept that is proposed. In the same vein (!), our years of mentoring legions of cardiology trainees in the suhtleties of device implantology may take a jaded view of such an explanation for device failure as we recall that we have heard nearly every lame excuse for postoperative device malfunction ("?set screws? What set screws?"; "It was working fine when the patient left the lab"; "Reversed lead connectors; mayhe we can reprogram it"; "She never told me that she was taking coumadin"). This study reports two patients who developed early failure of reliable pacing that has heen attributed to unusual mobility of the heart and accompanying vascular structures ("sagging heart") such that the heart migrated downward upon assumption of an erect position thereby contributing to dislocation of the pacing lead myocardial interface with consequent device failure. This writer well recalls a professional opera singer many years ago whose heart seemed to "disappear" out of the thoracic cavity when asked to take a deep hreath leaving hehind a midline linear streak of vascular structures. Is there a specific entity of a "sagging heart" that lurks in our patient population? This writer doubts it, yet the title of these case reports has merit in focusing attention on the dynamic interaction between pacing leads, the heart, respiratory dynamics, and individual patient idiosyncrasies. The prudent implanter will check stimulation thresholds, endocavitary signal amplitudes, and fluoroscopic stahility of lead position during deep inspiration and with coughing at the time of initial lead positioning, again following suture attachment of anchoring sleeves, and perform a final brief fluoroscopic examination prior to wound closure. In all likelihood, subsequent instability of lead position and function does not arise as the consequence of uncontrollable factors of an anatomic nature but, rather, as a result of incomplete perioperative testing. Unusual mobility of the heart during deep inspiration or assumption of an erect position is but one of many factors that must be anticipated during the initial implantation procedure to avert the need for subsequent revision.


This study investigates the effects of the flipped classroom approach on five aspects of written communicative competence of learners of English as a foreign language (EFL): lexis, syntax, cohesion, pragmatics, and discourse. It experimented on two groups of Chinese undergraduates in a regular college English course, using a flipped learning approach on one group and a traditional lecture approach on the other. The results from a pre-test and post-test revealed that the flipped approach had differential effects on the aforementioned five sub-competencies. More specifically, the flipped group's overall performance was better than the control group in the post-test, indicating an overall positive role of the flipped approach on EFL learners' development of communicative competence. However, significant group differences were found only on the learners' lexical, cohesive, and pragmatic competencies, and not on their syntactical or discourse competencies. These findings thus provide further insights on how the flipped method might be strategically used to facilitate the learners' language development.


The complex conductivity of LazCuO4+6 has been investigated for frequencies 20 Hz < v _< 4 GHz and temperatures 1.5 K < T < 450 K. Two single crystals with 5 ~ 0 and 6 ~ 0.02 were investigated, using dc (four- probe), reflectometric and contact-free techniques. At high temperatures the dc conductivity is thermally activated with low values of the activation energy. For low temper- atures Mott's variable range hopping dominates. The real and imaginary parts of the ac conductivity follow a power-law dependence a ~ v s, typical for charge trans- port by hopping processes. A careful analysis of the tem- perature dependence of the ac conductivity and of the frequency exponent s has been performed. It is not pos- sible to explain all aspects of the ac conductivity in LazCuO4+6 by standart hopping models. However, the observed minimum in the temperature dependence of the frequency exponent s strongly suggests tunneling of large polarons as dominant transport process.


In contradiction with the academization of the visual arts and with the growth of theoretical discourse on the "liberality" of painting and sculpture, the legal organization of the Parisian artistic space is still characterized in the eighteenth century by the permanence of the incorporation of these arts within a guild. In this conflict between two different spheres, the intellectual and the legal, institutional negotiations and redefinitions take place between the Academy and the guild. The Royal Academy tries to impose a monopoly on the liberal practice of painting and sculpture, whereas the discourse of the guild of painters and sculptors shows that artistic values have spread in the world of the guild. The birth of new legislation on the liberal practice of painting and sculpture, and the emergence of a consensus on the artistic value of painting and sculpture, do not take place before the "edit de confirmation" of August 1776 and the "declaration royale" of 1777.


Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) afflicts 2-4% of the population and comes with a long time burden of disease and high societal costs. The current treatment consists of medical treatment alone or in combination with endoscopic sinus surgery. No consensus exists on the right timing and extent of disease that warrants surgery. Furthermore, there is lack of clinical knowledge about the benefit of surgery over medication only. The current study evaluates the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of endoscopic sinus surgery in addition to medical treatment versus medication alone in the adult patient group with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methods: The PolypESS trial is designed as a prospective, randomised, multicentre trial in adult patients with CRSwNP selected for primary or revision endoscopic sinus surgery by their otorhinolaryngologist. Patients are randomly assigned to endoscopic sinus surgery in addition to medication or medical therapy only. This paper details the statistical analysis plan (SAP) of this trial and was submitted before outcome data were available. Results: The primary outcome of the trial is disease-specific Health-Related Quality of Life quantified by the SNOT-22 at 12-months follow-up. Secondary outcomes consist of generic and disease-specific Health-Related Quality of Life, objective signs of disease and adverse events of treatment. Subgroup analyses will be performed to verify if treatment effects differ among patient phenotypes. Analyses will be completed according to this pre-specified SAP. The main analysis will be performed as a standard ITT analysis. Discussion: The PolypESS trial will show whether addition of endoscopic sinus surgery to medical treatment improves the disease-specific Health-Related Quality of Life quantified by the SNOT-22 at 12-months follow-up. Unforeseen deviations from the SAP at the time of analysis will be motivated and discussed in the final publication of the primary outcome of this study.


Summary Experimentally inflicted poultry bruises were examined for ATPase, glycogen and lactic acid. ATPase activity decreased as a result of trauma and was dependent on age of bruise, severity of trauma and previous bruise history. Glycogen concentrations decreased within 12 hours of injury whereas lactic acid increased immediately following contusion. By 24 hours post trauma, both lactic acid and glycogen levels were considerably below normal levels and continued to be low throughout the healing process.


Advances in research on diabetic retinopathy have confirmed that pericyte apoptosis precedes the selective loss of diabetic retinal pericyte cells.An increase in blood sugar level in diabetic patients causes pericyte cells to produce more oxygen free radicals,which activates the DNA-repairing enzyme ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP),causing the release of cytochrome C(Cyt C) into the endochylema from the chondriosome.Cyt C in endochylema then causes the caspase family to be activated,increasing the calciumion level in endochylema,and activating nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB).All of the above-mentioned changes lead pericyte cells to apoptosis.Due to the increase in blood sugar level and other changes,the retina is in sustained hypoxia.Hypoxia leads to DNA injury,an increase in oxygen free radicals,and a low expression of the Bcl-2,which then causes pericyte cell apoptosis.Both high blood sugar level and the end products of advanced glycation(AGEs) can produce the high expression of the Bax gene and the low expression of the Bcl-2 gene in pericyte cells,leading to damage in the balance between the gene that promotes apoptosis and the anti-apoptosis gene,which eventually leads pericyte cells to apoptosis. The pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF) can significantly increase the transcription level of the glutathione peroxidase(GPx) in pericyte cells,inhibiting the increase in oxygen free radicals induced by high blood sugar levels,and has the capability of preventing apoptosis.The level of PDEF in diabetic patients is reduced,which leads pericyte cells to apotosis.


Background: Severe patients with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia progressed rapidly to acute respiratory failure. We aimed to evaluate the definite efficacy and safety of corticosteroid in the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: Forty-six hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized at Wuhan Union Hospital from January 20 to February 25, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received corticosteroid treatment. The clinical symptoms and chest computed tomography(CT) results were compared. Results: A total of 26 patients received intravenous administration of methylprednisolone with a dosage of 1-2mg/kg/d for 5-7 days, while the remaining patients not. There was no significant difference in age, sex, comorbidities, clinical or laboratory parameters between the two groups on admission. The average number of days for body temperature back to the normal range was significantly shorter in patients with administration of methylprednisolone when compared to those without administration of methylprednisolone (2.06 ± 0.28 vs. 5.29 ± 0.70, P=0.010). The patients with administration of methylprednisolone had a faster improvement of SpO2, while patients without administration of methylprednisolone had a significantly longer interval of using supplemental oxygen therapy (8.2days[IQR 7.0-10.3] vs. 13.5days(IQR 10.3-16); P<0.001). In terms of chest CT, the absorption degree of the focus was significantly better in patients with administration of methylprednisolone. Conclusion: Our data indicate that in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, early, low-dose and short-term application of corticosteroid was associated with a faster improvement of clinical symptoms and absorption of lung focus.


Spiral waves appear in many different natural contexts: excitable biological tissues, fungi and amoebae colonies, chemical reactions, growing crystals, fluids and gas eddies as well as in galaxies. While the existing theories explain the presence of spirals in terms of nonlinear parabolic equations, it is explored here the fact that selfsustained spiral wave regime is already present in the linear heat operator, in terms of integer Bessel functions of complex argument. Such solutions, even if commonly not discussed in the literature because diverging at spatial infinity, play a central role in the understanding of the universality of spiral process. In particular, we have studied how in nonlinear reaction-diffusion models the linear part of the equations determines the wave front appearance while nonlinearities are mandatory to cancel out the blowup of solutions. The spiral wave pattern still requires however at least two cross-reacting species to be physically realized. Biological implications of such a results are discussed. AMS subject classifications: 92B25, 33E99, 65Z05 PACS: 05.45.-a, 87.10.-e, 51.20.+d, 98.62.Hr


Sickle cell disease, a genetic disease of hemoglobin,
mono-mutational and autosomal recessive [1]. In Morocco, the
whole epidemiology of hemoglobinopathies remains unidentified.
The World Health Organization "WHO" estimates that in
Morocco up to 6.5% are infected; A fact which suggests the
existence of 30,000 cases of major forms of Thalassemia and
sickle cell disease in Morocco. Several unpublished studies
conducted by the Hospital for children of the universuty hospital
center have shown that northwestern Morocco is a favorite
haemoglobinopathies area and that the Gharb Chrarda Beni
Hssein region (GCBH), seems the most affected region especially
at the level of Kenitra city, at the commune of Mnasra which is a
hotbed of thalassemia.The objective of this study was to evaluate
the changes induced by the sickle cell disease on the growth of
weight loss of sickle cell children and to assess their interaction
with certain disease severity factors. The study is based on a
sample of 32 sickle cell patients who are hospitalized at the
pediatric level between 2012 and 2015 in the Kénitra provincial
hospital. The results confirm unstable prevalence of the
weight-of-weight status of the population according to the 2007
WHO growth references for the 1-month-61 month age group,
with a prevalence of 21.73 % (N = 5), The study also revealed that
meagerness affects 8.69% (N = 2), while overweight attains 0%.
Based on these results, it was concluded that stool-weight loss is
more severe in sickle cell children than normal children in
comparison with the results of the study by Aboussaleh [2], El
Hioui [3] ,and Sbaibi [ 4].