The Dede Qorqud Oġuznameleri are a collection of heroic stories in a Middle Oghuz variety with Eastern Anatolian linguistic features that distinguish this text pronouncedly from contemporaneous texts in Ottoman Turkish sensu proprio. This contribution examines the expressions of modality attested in this text. It establishes an inventory of the morphological and morpho-syntactic items expressing modal notions such as event modality, epistemic modality and the moods, and addresses diachronic as well as typological issues. All types of modal expressions found in the text are illustrated by examples.


In this article, I explore the new forms of people's mobility in the borderlands of the upper Mekong, where China meets Myanmar and Laos. In particular, I examine a way in which returned exiles, restoring their senses of place, focused on their life stories after returning to their motherland in southwest China. Ethnographically, I investigate a Thai restaurant run by a returned exile family and the daily activities in and through this social space, read as 'a transnational place'. Situating these returned exiles, the Chinese Dai minority, as members of the Tai-speaking peoples of the upper Mekong, who have dispersed across the national borders of China, Myanmar, Laos and Thailand, I show that transnational mobility and connectivity, old and new, can be utilised by them to mobilise themselves into the contexts of modernisation, dislocation and regionalisation, re-emplacing their homeland, making their locality visible and sensible.


Minority Report. Directed by Steven Spielberg. On general release. Rating: ★★★

For those of us in the business of predicting other people's behaviour, Minority Report is a timely reminder of human fallibility. The intriguing premise of this film is that within a few decades a combination of high tech brain imaging and old fashioned Delphic mysticism will allow fragmentary glimpses of future murders to be harvested from the uneasy dreams of a trio of drugged psychics.

This future society chooses to use the power of this precognitive technology to pursue the laudable goal of preventing murder. All murder.

Once a victim and a potential murderer have been identified special police teams (headed by John Anderton, who is played by Tom Cruise) swoop down from the sky and arrest the "perpetrator" for the crime that he or she was about to commit but didn't. This unfortunate is then hauled off and stored in a vast multistorey warehouse with no due process or right of appeal.

One might think that Steven Spielberg had access to a psychic of his own in the making of Minority Report because he seems to have made a good effort at predicting the future of justice in the United Kingdom.

The new Mental Health Bill for England and Wales embodies a kind of simplistic determinism in which all crime, whether caused by mental illness or not, is predictable and ultimately preventable. In this view it is considered acceptable to detain someone because of what they might do based on tests of limited validity rather than what they have done based on the outcome of a trial.

Just as in 2054, the year in which Spielberg's film is set, we too see public safety as paramount and we too have made the philosophical jump from punishing crime to preventing it. Our oracles are less impressive than three psychics hooked up to a brain imager, being just pieces of paper with tickboxes. But we too have managed to convince ourselves that these instruments provide an accurate picture of a single future.

Of course the future is not singular. Minority Report gets its name from the occasions when one of the three psychics dreams of an alternative future for victim and perpetrator, one in which the murder doesn't happen. These dissenting reports are destroyed to preserve public confidence in the system.

In this fictional 2054 the guilty contrive to evade the "infallible" oracle and the innocent are imprisoned. The oracle and its servants turn out to have their own agendas and absolute power, predictably, corrupts absolutely.

Spielberg has crafted a film that works well as both entertainment and prophecy. Enjoy and be warned respectively.


MANAGERIAL SKILLS AND THE DISTRICT HEALTH TEAM The provision of high coverage, low cost and effective primary health care (PHC) services on a large scale using cadres of non-professional workers (and volunteers) presents governments in developing countries with an organizational and managerial problem of fearsome complexity', The district health team (DHT) comprising medical officer(s) and public health office staff plays a key role in the management of primary health servicesand ideally non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should support the work of DHTs in a sustainable and complementary fashion. In recent years there has been much attention given to the development of the managerial capacity of district health teams and the links between government and NGOs. Useful management texts and aids have been publishedv? and training programmes to strengthen the managerial skills of district health teams have been implemented in many countriess-". There have been few systematic evaluations of the impact of management training programmes in PHC but informal analysis suggests that success has been limited", Declining resources, restrictive civil service regulations and a lack of real decentralization, especially financial, limit the options of even the best trained managers. It is also difficult to judge the effect of better management on outcome. NGO-led projects in countries such as Nepal and Tanzania have identified factors associated with improved service utilization'v'? but there have been very few studies to look at the association between government DHT performance and health indicators. In a management review of five government district health teams in Nepal there appeared to be a close association between health indicators in a district on the one hand and the organizational capacity of the DHT on the other, independent of socio-economic differences!'. 9


This article describes the Bare Book Project, a writing and research project that challenged preservice and in-service teachers to create their own original pieces of children's literature and use aspects of their personal writing as models for students in elementary school classrooms. Building on research regarding teacher modeling in writing classrooms, the author investigated teachers' purposes for and methods of using their own writing as models, as well as the benefits and challenges that teachers experienced when they incorporated their own writing during classroom writing instruction.


Processing technology and effect factors of mulberry fruit juice drink were tested and analyzed detailedly, and the better direction and technology parameters were brought forward.


The need for a modern methodological approach based on recent acquisitions concerning pathophysiology, diagnostics, and therapy of silent ischemic heart disease, as well as the need to establish criteria for prognostic evaluation have prompted the authors to reexamine the subject in light of their own experience and of the current literature.


List of Plates. List of Maps. Acknowledgements. List of Abbreviations. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Ends of the Century. 1.2 Modes and Frameworks of Interpretation. 2 The Birth of Modern Irish Politics,1790 8. 2.1 The Origins of the Crisis. 2.2 Constitutional Radicalism to Revolution, 1791 8. 3 Disuniting Kingdoms, Emancipating Catholics,1799 1850. 3.1 The Union, 1799 1801. 3.2 The Catholic Question, 1799 1829. 3.3 Justice for Ireland, 1830 41. 3.4 Utilitarians and Romantics, 1841 8. 3.5 The Orange Party, 1798 1853. 4 The Ascendancy of the Land Question,1845 91. 4.1 Guilty Men and the Great Famine. 4.2 Pivot or Accelerator? 4.3 Brigadiers and Fenians. 4.4 Home Rule: A First Definition. 4.5 Idealists and Technicians: The Parnellite Party,1880 6. 4.6 A Union of Hearts and a Broken Marriage: Parnellism,1886 91. 5 Greening the Red, White and Blue: The End of the Union,1891 1921. 5.1 The Irish Parliamentary Party, 1891 1914. 5.2 Paths to the Post Office: Alternatives to the IrishParliamentary Party, 1891 1914. 5.3 The Parliamentarians and their Enemies, 1914 18. 5.4 Making and Unmaking Unionism, 1853 1921. 5.5 Other Men s Wounds: The Troubles, 1919 21. 5.6 Trucileers, Staters and Irregulars. 6 'Three Quarters of a Nation Once Again': IndependentIreland. 6.1 Saorstat Eireann, 1922 32. 6.2 Manifest Destiny: De Valera s Ireland,1932 48. 6.3 Towards a Redefinition of the National Ideal,1948 58. 6.4 The Age of Lemass, 1957 73. 7 Northern Ireland, 1920 72: Specials, Peelersand Provos. 8 The Two Irelands, 1973 98. 8.1 The Republic, 1973 98. 8.2 Northern Ireland, 1973 98. 9 Ireland in the New Millennium. 9.1 The Republic, 1998 2008. 9.2 Northern Ireland, 1998 2008. 9.3 The End of Irish History? Notes. Chronology. Maps. Select Bibliography. Index.


An endoscope is a medical instrument that acquires images inside the human body. Sometimes, diagnosis requires assessment of the 3-D shape of observed tissue. For example, the pathology of a polyp often is related its geometrical shape. This chapter proposes a new approach for the 3-D shape recovery under the conditions of both point light illumination and perspective projection. The purpose of the proposed approach is to recover the direct shape of an object from an endoscope image using shape-from-shading approach. Observation model is assumed under the condition that both of a camera view point and a point light source are located at the origin and the goal is to recover the (X,Y,Z) coordinates at each point on the object. The previous approaches recover the shape based on Fast Marching


The purpose of this study was to assess the preliminary psychometrics of the Traumatic Events Inventory (TEI), a new Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) scale designed to identify individuals who are malingering. Participants were students and members of the community who were instructed to feign PTSD or to perform normally. The internal consistencies of the TEI full-scale as well as the subscales were high. Construct validity was examined by comparing scores on TEI to participants' performance on malingering indices of the TMT, the Digit Span, the Digit Symbol, and the RAVLT. The TEI fullscale, as well as many of the subscales, were significantly correlated with one of the most well validated malingering indices, the Reliable Digit Span (RDS), the Digit Symbol raw and scaled score, the TMT part A, and various RAVLT indices. The results of this study provide an indication of the TEI's potential ability to distinguish malingerers from those with genuine PTSD. The questionnaire may be used to help determine if an individual involved in a PTSD disability claim or lawsuit is accurately portraying their symptoms. The ability to determine which individuals have genuine PTSD will allow resources to be allocated to those who are in most need of assistance.


A thermo-sensitive digital video camera with a environment sensor, comprising a thermo-sensitive image sensor used to sensor the thermal induced images, a digital signal processing device connected with the a thermo-sensitive image sensor, which is used to collect the thermal induced image signals of the objects and do signal transformation needed, a monitor connected with a digital signal processing unit that output the thermal induced images after processing, besides, an environment senor is connected with digital signal processing unit to sense the temperature, humidity, distance and height in the environment and output the values of the temperature, humidity, distance and height to the monitor, so that the operator can configure the parameters accurately of the thermo-sensitive digital video camera.


This paper describes a pilot blended learning format for a first-year genre-based Canadian composition course. It measures responses to the online learning materials and hybrid class schedule by comparing student writing skill perception questionnaires, teaching evaluation questionnaires, and written assignments for control and experimental groups. Findings suggest that a blended approach can offer flexibility for a wider range of learners, address larger class size concerns, and provide additional learning materials, all of which add options for composition delivery in the as-yet sparsely researched Canadian context.


High power semiconductor lasers,as the most ideal pumping source for all-solid compact lasers such as solid state laser and fiber laser,have gained ever rapid development due to their wavelength tunnability,high efficiency and good modulation property.In recent years,great progress has been achieved in high power semiconductor laser modular technique,super-high efficiency,efficient cooling technology,laser beam transformation and high efficiency driving technique.This report will address the international and domestic research activities in high power semiconductor lasers technology and future prospects,with our own research as basic reference.


[Objective] To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children aged 11-12 years in Jinan. [Methods] 1629 children were randomly collected from 5 urban districts of Jinan, and their weights and heights were collected. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated according to the WGOC. [Results] The overall prevalence of overweight among of 255 children aged 11-12 years was 15.7%, and the prevalence of obesity among 230 children was 14.1%. The incidence of overweight was higher than that of obesity. The incidence of obesity in boys was higher than that in girls. [Conclusion] The incidence of overweight and obesity among children in Jinan showed to be high, so it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and treatment for obesity among children.


Lagrangian drifters deployed during May 1987 as part of the Coastal Transition Zone experiment were used to examine the motion in cold-water features seen in satellite AVHRR imagery. The drifters were drogued at 15 m depth and had temperature sensors at 0 m, 12 m, and 18 m. Drogue positions were obtained via service ARGOS at an average of 8 times per day. A cluster of nine drifters was deployed on May 18 near the base of a cold-water feature off Pt. Reyes. Drifter trajectories confirm the presence of strong (> 50 cm s−1) currents along the axis of the feature. Six of the drifters moved northward following a cyclonic circulation pattern between the Pt. Reyes jet and another feature originating near Pt. Arena. The remaining three drifters, together with three more deployed on May 20, moved offshore in the positive vorticity portion of the Reyes jet. Cluster analysis of the northern tracks indicates large convergence (∼0.5f;), but because relative vorticity during the same few-day period is found to be constant (∼−0.2f), a simple vorticity balance does not emerge. This is attributed to insufficient resolution of divergence of the water parcel by the small number in the cluster. Drifters reside on the negative vorticity side of the jet while the flow is upwind but on the positive vorticity side while the flow is downwind. Such behavior is consistent with the convergence or divergence patterns expected when along-jet winds blow over such strong and narrow ocean currents producing significant advection of relative vorticity. Temperature-salinity data from CTD surveys during the experiment show how the jets that were revealed in both the imagery and the drifter trajectories were advecting different water masses. In the nearshore area where the drifters were deployed a column of cold and salty water had upwelled about 80 m since leaving the source region far offshore. Within the offshore extension of the jets as traced by the drifters, this same water is found about 20 m deeper than it is in the nearshore area. We thus observe that cold filaments seen in AVHRR transport upwelled water offshore through the coastal transition zone. That water subducts in the offshore extension of the filaments. Analysis of the high-frequency motion from a cluster of five drifters in the Reyes jet shows a multitude of mixing scales. For periods shorter than a day, the cluster shows coherent oscillations of tidal/inertial period whose motions lead to excursions on the order of 2 to 4 km. This suggests that motions on these scales are organized and not random or turbulent. Conversely, motions at scales of 1 km and less appear turbulent. Over longer time periods (several days), the particles exchange places over the cross-jet scale of the feature (10 to 20 km).


This study explores how both my teaching practice and students' learning approaches evolved as I embarked on a project to help students take responsibility for their own learning and acquire specific self-regulated learning (SRL) skills. The intervention involved ten tutorials taught to a pilot group of twenty eight students studying Financial Accounting in a South African School of Accountancy. During the intervention I made use of guided mastery principles and student-centred activities to teach learning strategies and skills. Action research was used as a tool to assist in designing the intervention, reflecting on and then evaluating the findings. Qualitative data was collected in the form of written and verbal feedback from group participants, colleagues, and through use of a research diary. The findings indicate that guided mastery and active learning are effective techniques for teaching specific SRL skills to students. The feedback provided by students also shows that the intervention fostered student learning. My own teaching practice also improved through reflecting on and making changes to my teaching approach. Keywords Self-regulated learning, reflective practice, accountancy education, student-centred learning, guided mastery.


The segmentation of same-class objects is a challenge in instance segmentation. In this paper, we propose a simple and universal method for same-class objects segmentation. Our method effectively segments the same-class objects in the image. This method called Coord-FCN extends FCN by adding the coordinate convolution(CoordConv) layer. Coord-FCN training is simple and only adds a small overhead compared to FCN. In addition, CoordConv is easy to generalize to other tasks. The common point of these tasks is that the objects have similar characteristics but are in different positions.


Abstract Precisely dated impact craters, major geological disturbances and mass extinction peaks were used to investigate statistically the hypothesis that global terrestrial phenomena are triggered by the Galactic environment through bombardment episodes. Strong temporal correlations were found between events in these datasets, and in aggregate they were found to have a periodicity of c. 27 ± 1 Ma corresponding to the half-period of the Sun's vertical oscillations within the Galactic disc. Global disturbances appear to be forced in quasi-periodic fashion through a combination of impacts and prolonged climatic stress, the latter as a result of stratospheric dusting by debris from very large short-period comets.


Allocating limited resources such as bandwidth and power in a multi-hop wireless network can be formulated as a Network Utility Maximization (NUM) problem. In this approach, both source transmitting and link relaying nodes exchange information allowing for the NUM problem to be solved in an iterative distributed manner. Previous NUM formulations of wireless networks have considered the parameters of data rate and reliability in the utility function which measures an application's performance. However, it is well known that delay is an important factor in the performance of many applications. In this paper, we consider an additional constraint based on the delay requirements of the sources. This augmented NUM formulation allows an application to tradeoff rate, power and queuing delay according to its needs, thereby providing greater flexibility. Power allocation among different transmitters is a subtle issue to deal with in this problem, since the capacity of the wireless links are interference limited. A distributed iterative algorithm solving the NUM is presented along with its convergence. The performance of the algorithm is examined via simulations which confirm the expectations from the theory.


That Dickens is a dramatic writer is as close to fact as one can get in Dickens Studies; he was, in Wilson's early estimation, "the greatest dramatic writer that the English have had since Shakespeare". As Bratton states in the first volume of Dickensian Dramas: Plays from Charles Dickens, critics have sought to demonstrate the truth of this statement at length. Until recently, however, themelodramatic aspects of Dickens's writing remained unanalysed, as "melodrama" and "melodramatic" came to mean bad work, not worth studying in detail but worthy of short derogatory comments. The picture is now different; critics have explored melodrama from numerous perspectives, often with Dickens in mind. For example, Juliet John's Dickens's Villains: Melodrama, Character, Popular Culture and Sally Ledger's Dickens and the Popular Radical Imagination both contributed to an extensive project of revaluation, reconfiguring not only how we see Dickens's use of melodrama, but how we see melodrama itself. The best studies no longer paint melodrama as a poor precursor to naturalism and realism; they envision a more sophisticated genre capable of participating in the aesthetic, economic, social, and political vicissitudes of the age. But while both Ledger and John have recognised stage adaptations, as have other Dickensians, they focus on the novelist and his texts, not on (manu)scripts that grew out of and extended beyond the scope of the novels. Bratton takes up the challenge of proving once again that Dickens was a dramatic writer, but she does so "through the back door" (p.1), as she says, by fully editing texts penned by adaptor-playwrights for various theatres across London from 1837–1848 – a hugely productive time, when Dickens's identity was being forged and numerous playwrights were reshaping Dickensian material to suit the purposes of the stage. The first text within the volume is Sam Weller; or, The Pickwickians (New Strand, 1837) by W. T. Moncrieff, who ought to be more prominent figure in the Dickens and drama debate. Another important figure who appears is Edward Stirling, whose Nicholas Nickleby (Adelphi, 1838), Barnaby Rudge (New Strand, 1841) and Martin Chuzzlewit (Lyceum, 1844) are all expertly presented. The remainder of the volume includes Charles Webb's Old Scrooge (Sadler's Wells and New Strand, 1844), Gilbert Abbott A'Beckett and Mark Lemon's The Chimes (Adelphi, 1844), Albert Smith's The Cricket on the Hearth (Lyceum, 1845) and The Battle of Life (Lyceum, 1846), and Mark Lemon's The Haunted Man (Adelphi, 1848). Retained throughout are some of the textual characteristics that recur within the archive and which highlight the rhythms of melodrama on the page and stage (dashes instead of full stops, for example). Bratton has also included footnotes, which provide information on stagecraft (tableaux, song), clarify more obscure references within the playtexts, and identify differences between manuscript and printed sources.


Objective To evaluate the results of Sugita procedure in the treatment of congenital buried penis in children.Methods From January 2008 to December 2010,78 consecutive patients with buried penis were treated using Sugita technique.The clinical data,including short-term outcomes,voiding function,scar formation,survey from the patients and parents about the surgical results,were reviewed.Results The wounds were exposed on day 4 or 5 after the operation,and at the same time,the urethral stents were removed.The patients were followed up from 6 weeks to 3 years.No patient had voiding problems.Eight cases with inner prepuce edema had good recovery within 6-12 weeks after operations.74 patients were satisfied with the eventual appearance,but 4 patients thought their penis were short.Conclusions The Sugita procedure is a good and simple method for the treatment of buried penis in children with few complications and satisfactory cosmetic results.

Key words:
Buried penis;  Urologic surgical procedures


This essay argues that Matthew deploys the Gentile women (Mt 1:3-6; 12:42; 15:21-28; 27:19) for a dual purpose: to confirm that Jesus is the chosen servant who proclaims justice to the Gentiles, and also to expand his community toward the Gentile world by forming hybrid community only after he deploys the Gentile women. Yet the conceptualization of a hybrid society can be problematic when it is performed in a decolonial context, especially from a male-oriented perspective. Once Matthew achieves his decolonial goal, the female hybridists, regardless of their race and class, disappear from Matthew. The power of hybridity is not equally shared by women. By drawing a parallel between the Gentile women in Matthew and women with hyphenated identities (e.g. Kosian, Koslim, Eurasian etc.)living in a global community, this essay not only challenges the validity of a monolithic ethnic identity but also opens up spaces for a hybrid community by destabilizing a homogeneous community's comfort zone, just as Jesus yielded to the Canaanite woman's challenge by walking into the contact zone where he could expand his vision of mercy.


A Nonlinear droop control has been introduced to establish an effective power sharing between the distributed generators without the need of communication links in microgrids (MGs). However, one of the missing studies in the literature is the effects of the nonlinear droop relations on the stability of the MGs. In this paper, the stability of an inverter based MG operating with the nonlinear frequency droop-control has been analyzed. Firstly, a particle swarm optimization technique (PSO) was used to optimize the nonlinear frequency droop relations for minimizing the operating cost of the MG. Secondly, a complete small-signal state-space model of the MG system with the optimized nonlinear droop relations has been developed and the model is updated periodically. The stability of the system is then checked automatically at different operating points. Small signal stability analysis of an islanded microgrid were performed using MATLAB/Simulink and the results were experimentally verified on an MG setup.


We consider the dynamics of player's strategies in repeated market games, where the selection of strategies is determined by a learning model. Prior theoretical analysis and experimental data show that after large number of plays the average number of agents who decide to enter, per round of the game, approaches the market capacity and, after a longer wait, agents are being sorted into two groups: the agents in one group rarely enter the market, and in the other, the agents enter almost all the time. In this paper we obtain estimates of the characteristic times it takes for both patterns to emerge in the repeated plays of the game. The estimates are given in terms of the parameters of the game, assuming that the number of agents is large, the number of rounds of the game per unit of time is large, and the characteristic change of the propensity per game is small. Our approach is based on the analysis of the partial differential equation for the function $f(t,q)$ that describes the distribution of agents according to their level of propensity to enter the market, $q,$ at time $t.$


p. carinii sp. f. horninis (P. c. horninis) is the special form of Pneumocystis found in humans suffering from P. carinii pneumonia (PCP). Genetic variation is common among P. c. horninis populations isolated from different patients [ 11, and variation has also been seen in p. c. horninis isolated from the same patient during initial and recurrent episodes of PCP [2, 31. The two genes that have been most widely used as variable genetic markers for P. c. horninzs are the intervening transcribed spacers in the nuclear ribosomal gene (ITS), and the mitochondria1 gene encoding the large subunit ribosomal RNA (mtrRNA). Genetic divergence among isolates of P. c. horninis implies that multiple strains can infect humans, and that people can be infected multiple times. A caveat to this interpretation is the possibility that the loci under analysis may change rapidly enough to generate the observed variants kom a single population. This "intrinsic instability" hypothesis is difficult to exclude in P. c. horninis because of the lack of a culture system. However, if ITS and mtrRNA were intrinsically unstable in P. c. horninis, they might also be unstable in P. carinii. sp. f carinii (P. c. carinii), the special form of P. carrnzi that infects rats. To investigate this possibility, we studied the second spacer of ITS (ITS2) and mtrRNA in different populations of P. c. carinii. We compared these two loci with a third locus containing a copy of the a-repeat, a locus that might be expected to be unstable by virtue of its structure, which contains multiple copies of TAACCCTAA. a telomere-like sequence [4]. We also analyzed the upstream conserved sequence (UCS) of the expression site of MSG


The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a ceramic material based on metal oxide, comprising, in order, the steps of: (a) introducing, in a spark plasma sintering device, a nanocrystalline powder comprising crystallites and crystallite agglomerates of a Zr material of formula MO wherein M is selected from yttrium, scandium and cerium, or Ce M 'O where M' is selected from gadolinium, scandium, samarium and yttrium, where x is between 0 and 0.2, said powder having an average crystallite size between 5 and 50 nm, an average size of agglomerates of crystallites of between 0.5 and 20 microns, and a specific surface of between 20 and 100 m / g; and (b) the spark plasma sintering of said powder by applying a pressure between 50 and 150 MPa, at a temperature between 850 ° C and 1400 ° C, for a time comprised between 5 and 30 min.


We consider different measures of nonlinearity that quantify the modeling error of optimal linear models for nonlinear systems. We show that linear dynamic approximations have no advantage over linear static approximations for static nonlinear functions in any of the considered measures. Simplified formulae for scalar nonlinearities are derived using the notion of a sector nonlinearity. We show that the steady state behaviour of a nonlinear system gives rise to a lower bound on the nonlinearity measures. Furthermore, some results for composite nonlinear systems are given.


The paper assesses the impact of the recently completed Gautrain Rapid Rail link in Gauteng on property development in the vicinity of stations along the route. Our particular interest is in examining the extent to which the Gautrain, as a major public transport investment, has managed to stimulate and support the creation of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) by leveraging private sector action, with the ultimate aim of moving towards more sustainable land use / transport environments. Data sources include property development records, aerial photographs and municipal zoning applications for the areas surrounding the Pretoria, Midrand, and Rosebank stations for the period 2000 to 2011, and interviews with officials and private property developers. The research found evidence of accelerated property development and increasing mixed use in all three station precincts, but significant variation in the extent to which TOD principles have been applied. Property developers considered the Gautrain to be a major factor attracting them to develop in station precincts, suggesting that the locational benefits offered by a high-quality public transport system are also present locally. However, when comparing the vibrant Rosebank with the slower-growing Pretoria and Midrand precincts, it is clear that real estate fundamentals drive property development and will ultimately determine the success of a TOD undertaking.


We design diamond phononic crystal cavities to couple GHz phonons to silicon vacancy center spin qubits, with coupling rates of 1.45-3.63 MHz that would enable strong coherent spin-phonon interactions at cryogenic temperature ~ 4K.


The present work has been done to formulate Levofloxacin hemihydrate immediate release and Ambroxol HCl sustain release bilayer tablets in order to improve patient compliance. All the formulations were prepared by wet granulation method because of poor flow property exhibited by pure drugs. HPMC K4M and HPMC K100M were used for sustaining the release rate of Ambroxol from Ambroxol layer and superdisintegrant like sodium starch glycolate was used for immediate release of levofloxacin from immediate release layer. All the prepared formulations were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration and dissolution tests. The release pattern of Ambroxol was fitted to different kinetic models and among all the formulations, F11 of Ambroxol has shown a release rate up to 12 hours. All the formulations could be good expressed by Higuchi equation as the plots shows good linearity, and the correlation coefficient (r2) for the best formulation F11 was 0.9991 with slope n=0.530, which appears to show a coupling of diffusion and erosion mechanism-so called anomalous diffusion . F2 of levofloxacin disintegrated less than 12min. So, F11 of Ambroxol and F2 of levofloxacin were selected as best formulations. Stability studies were conducted at 250 c for long term studies and 450 c for accelerated studies for the best formulations.


This work introduces a hybrid visual servoing technique for differentially flat, underactuated systems that is well suited for aggressive dynamics. Standard Position-Based Visual Servoing (PBVS) and Image-Based Visual Servoing (IBVS) approaches for underactuated systems, such as quadrotors, oftentimes do not explicitly ensure that the relevant image features stay in the camera's field of view, especially while the system is performing agile maneuvers. We present a control technique that is designed to mitigate this issue and that results in increased robustness. Given a goal image, we first solve a constrained Perspective-n-Point (PnP) problem to find an equilibrium pose which aligns the camera with the goal. We then formulate the task of navigating to the goal pose as an optimal control problem, where a cost over the resulting image feature tracks along the trajectory is minimized which implicitly keeps features in the field of view over the course of the trajectory. The optimization is performed over a polynomial parametrization of the flat outputs of the system to decrease the dimensionality of the optimization. Simulations and physical experiments are performed with a quadrotor system to benchmark the algorithm's performance against a typical PBVS approach.


Based on the principle of ecology,the paper makes a preliminary study on the innotation of the brand-niche,and set up a calculation formula of the length and the overlapping-degree of the brand-niche.And then put forward the evaluation model for the suitable-degree of the brand-niche,such as the function model,the fuzzy evaluation model,suitable-degree comprehensive coefficient model,and the nestling-degree to the benchmarking brand model.Finally,the paper gives out an application case of the methods.In the case,the paper calculates the length and the overlapping-degree of the brand-niche of the certain brand separately,and analyzes the suitable-degree brand by using the comprehensive evaluation model.


SUMMARY

Our experience with 137 consecutive patients with Bilharzial carcinoma of the bladder treated by radical cystectomy, has been outlined.

The surgical technique is described; the post-operative mortality being 14·6 per cent. One hundred and nine patients were followed up for periods between 6 months and 3 years. The incidence of recurrence was found to be statistically related to the tumour stage, grade and positive lymph node involvement. Longer follow-up period is needed for calculation of survival rates. However, from the analysis of these preliminary results, post-operative irradiation is recommended to decrease the incidence of local recurrences.


Oral history is personal. It is emotional. It is not simply a recitation of facts, but individual memories of and reflections on life experiences. It presents joys and sorrows, triumphs and failures, hopes and fears. It can be cathartic. It can be traumatic. It can help our narrators; it can also hurt them. These complexities contribute to the richness of the work we do and the dynamic relationships our work can foster. But navigating these undercurrents can also generate substantial challenges as we contemplate how—as Stephen Sloan and Mark Cave write in Listening on the Edge—to "do this work well." In short, the relationships fostered through oral history require ethics. This special issue of Oral History Review contemplates the ethics we bring to our oral history research. The Oral History Association (OHA), this journal's parent organization, among other regional, national, and international oral history organizations, recognizes the prominent place of ethics in our practices and updated its Statement on Ethics in its 2018 publication of Principles and Best Practices (see https://www.oralhistory.org/oha-statement-on-ethics/). A quick glance at any OHA conference schedule, books published in oral history, and articles in this and other oral history journals for over a decade attests to the fact that our research does, in fact, affect our narrators beyond simply recounting their histories. Indeed, most issues of OHR feature some discussion of ethical considerations, whether authors refer explicitly to ethics or not, as it is so foundational to our methods. In 2016, upon OHA's fiftieth anniversary, OHR published Anna Sheftel and Stacey Zembrzycki's "Who's Afraid of Oral History? Fifty Years of Debates and Anxiety about Ethics," a survey of how oral historians have wrestled with the notion of ethics during the last half century (see issue 43.2). Even this detailed essay does not cover all of the many issues oral historians have faced as we listen to, interpret, and share the testimonies of our fellow humans. Oral historians are certainly not the first researchers to consider the ethics of our craft, although such reflection and regulation on the wellbeing of human subjects have not always been integral aspects of research. In Western countries specifically, regulation of research did not begin until the nineteenth century; even then laws focused only on the prevention of cruelty to nonhuman animals. Germany's Prussian Directive (1900) and regulations from the Reich Health Council (1939) were the first prominent codifications of regulations for human subjects research, although clearly, the Holocaust demonstrated whom Nazis considered human. The end of World War II brought the idea of regulating research on human subjects to a world stage with United States of America v. Karl Brandt, et al. in 1946-47, commonly referred to as the Doctors' Trial, the first of the Nuremberg war crimes trials. The United States Military Tribunal charged twenty-three doctors of experimenting on people imprisoned in concentration camps without their consent and without any precautions for health and safety. Some defendants were acquitted and others received heavy sentences, including death; significantly, the trial also resulted in the development of the Nuremberg Code, a set of principles to which all medical researchers should adhere in order to protect human subjects participating in research. The US, like most other nations, did not formally adopt the Code, and some unethical, dangerous research practices persisted, including as part of THE ORAL HISTORY REVIEW 2021, VOL. 48, NO. 2, 133–135 https://doi.org/10.1080/00940798.2021.1957306


The dynamic test precision of the strapdown inertial measurement unit (SIMU) is the basis of estimating accurate motion of various vehicles such as warships, airplanes, spacecrafts, and missiles. So, it is paid great attention in the above fields to increase the dynamic precision of SIMU by decreasing the vibration of the vehicles acting on the SIMU. In this paper, based on the transfer matrix method for multibody system (MSTMM), the multibody system dynamics model of laser gyro strapdown inertial measurement unit (LGSIMU) is developed; the overall transfer equation of the system is deduced automatically. The computational results show that the frequency response function of the LGSIMU got by the proposed method and Newton-Euler method have good agreements. Further, the vibration reduction performance and the attitude error responses under harmonic and random excitations are analyzed. The proposed method provides a powerful technique for studying dynamics of LGSIMU because of using MSTMM and its following features: without the global dynamics equations of the system, high programming, low order of system matrix, and high computational speed.


Fusobacterium varium has been generally overlooked in cattle rumen microbiome studies relative to the presumably more abundant liver abscess-causing Fusobacterium necrophorum. However, F. varium was found to be more abundant in the rumen fluid of cattle and under culture conditions tailored to enrich F. necrophorum. Using near-full length 16S rRNA sequencing, we demonstrate that F. varium grows under restrictive conditions commonly used to enumerate F. necrophorum, suggesting that previous F. necrophorum abundance assessment may have been inaccurate and that F. varium may be an underestimated member of the ruminal bacterial community. Fusobacterium varium were not as susceptible as F. necrophorum to in-feed antibiotics conventionally used in feedlots. Exposure to tylosin, the current gold standard for liver abscess reduction strategies in cattle, consistently hindered growth of the F. necrophorum strains tested by over 67% (P < 0.05) relative to the unexposed control. In contrast, F. varium strains were totally or highly resistant (0 - 13% reduction in maximum yield, P < 0.05). Monensin, an ionophore antibiotic, had greater inhibitory activity against F. necrophorum than F. varium. Finally, preliminary genomic analysis of two F. varium isolates from the rumen revealed the presence of virulence genes related to those of pathogenic human F. varium isolates associated with active invasion of mammalian cells. The data presented here encourages further investigation into the ecological role of F. varium within the bovine rumen and potential role in liver abscess development, and proactive interventions.


The main function of Grid Relay Protection and Fault Information System is to transit the abnormal information acquired by protection equipment and the filters of the substations to the dispatching center during the grid fault period for the dispatching staff to make a decision.The system concerns not only the related divisions on the dispatching center side,it also communicates the bay level IED in substations,therefore its security design can not be neglected.Analyzing the essential requirements of the overall security protection framework of the secondary system of the power system,it is recommended that the dispatching center side adopt the professional security isolation equipment,and the substation side adopt front-end security isolation structure of embedded system.The user security management was established at the same time.Practice shows that the design basically meets the security requirements of users for the Grid Relay Protection and Fault Information System.


This study aims to: (1) test the validity of the smart exploding box based on deep dialogue critical thinking and its tools (syllabus and learning implementation plan, PKn textbook based on deep dialogue critical thinking, and learning achievement test); (2) Measuring the level of student activity through the use of the media; (3) Measuring students' critical thinking skills after the use of the media, and (4) measuring the response of students' interests after the use of the media. The research method carried out using the Plomp development model (in Khabibah, 2006) consisting of: (1) Initial investigations, (2) Design, (3) Realization / construction, (4) Testing, Evaluation, and Revision, (5) Implementation . From the results and discussion in the section above, it was concluded that, the media and learning tools developed in this study were included in the valid category, where the results of the validity of media experts got a score of 25 (good) and material experts got a score of 24 (good). Based on the results of trials at the 1st and 2nd learning meetings that have been carried out in this study found a new data that the use of this media in Civics subjects in class V SDN Ketajen I Sidoarjo showed that the average percentage of student achievement in one class (7) the observation aspect during 2 meetings) is very high, which is 84%. Then the critical thingking test result data is 81.15 (complete). In addition, this media also received a good student interest response, namely at the last meeting (2nd) getting an attention score of 17.5 (very good), evidence of 11.0 (good), satisfaction (satisfaction) of 7.0 (enough), and relevance of 8 (enough).


In this paper, a permutation scheme is introduced for Distributed Video Coding. The main goal is to preserve privacy and security in video surveillance video communications and can be adapted for other scenarios. The proposed approach consists to apply permutation based encryption to the DVC scenario. The permutation is defined by a secret key which is required at the decoder for decompression providing security. Simulation results show that the reference architecture and the permutation-based proposed have similar rate distortion performance.


This article is devoted to the issue of inclusion of linguistic units with ethnic and cultural component of meaning, especially metaphorical vocabulary and established collocations, in teaching Russian as a foreign language, which help to develop communicative and linguocultural competences of schoolchildren. During the research process, the metaphorical vocabulary of the Russian language is considered from the perspective of its structural-semantic and linguistic properties in the interpretation of scientists; the classes of metaphorical linguistic layer, embodying both material and spiritual culture of people in living national language and seasoning the Russian language, are specified; the systemic, functional and anthropocentric principles for the identification or linguistic description of figurative words in the Russian language are analysed; the typology of figurative linguistic units from the perspective of their cultural characteristic is offered. From the methodological position, the metaphor is considered as basic means of speech developing, which forms in schoolchildren the ability to carry out the mental operations during the word formation and speech production, as creative capacity within the context of pedagogic, educational and developing purposes for the formation of the language individual with communicative and linguocultural competences in process of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The article confirms the hypothesis, that the involvement of classic texts of different styles and genres representing the certain national culture and peculiarities of the national mindset is necessary for achieving the research purpose; it is necessary to involve the tasks assigned to the work with terms from the Speech Studies and metaphorical units. 2357-1330 © 2020 Published by European Publisher.


The method of obtaining the integral indicator of the deviant behavior of minors, which allows to numerically evaluate and characterize its indicator, in order to perform further detailed preventive work, depending on the nature and extent of deviation is examined in the article. The research is conducted for the purpose of forming the universal approach to obtaining the numerical characteristic describing the hardly formalizable phenomenon (deviant behavior) using characteristic vector of weight coefficients of criteria for the personality evaluation. Methodology. The study is based on analysis and generalization of scientific and theoretical sources, as well as the conducted quantitative experiment. For forming of indistinct and multiple indicator of deviant behavior of minors the modified method of the analysis of hierarchies of T. Saati is used. Results. To form the target level of the juvenile deviant behavior evaluation the methods, based on cluster-hierarchical methods for obtaining generalized indicator, are preferable. The indistinct and multiple indicator is more sensitive to distinction of characteristics of the compared objects, than determined and also considers extent of influence of criterion and group on indicator of the general level of deviation that positively affects the accuracy of calculation of required indicator. Conclusions. Use of the generalized indicator of deviance of minors will allow to estimate well and visually degree and the nature of deviation in behavior that will allow to reveal timely deviations in behavior at early stages for the purpose of carrying out effective scheduled maintenance and also to strengthen control of the teenagers who are registered in divisions for minors that, undoubtedly, will raise possibilities of law-enforcement bodies on prevention of crimes among young people.


With the development of the socialist ma rket e conomy,the Chinese state-owned enterprises is gradually transition to a joint-stock Co.,Ltd.,the management system reform is urgently needed,shelf team management of the new model came into being.Based on the actual work and study of author in the iron company,this paper summed up one new era of labor and employment management mode the superiority of the shelf fleet management mode in which the actual implementation of the objective difficulty,and puts forward the recommended solution for the appeared problems.


In the United Kingdom, end-of-life care strategies recommend patients and families are involved in decision-making around treatment and care. In Bolivia, such strategies do not exist, and access to oncology services depends on finance, geography, education and culture. Compared to more developed countries, the delivery of oncology services in Latin America may result in a higher percentage of patients presenting with advanced incurable disease. The objective of this study was to explore decision-making experiences of health and social care professionals who cared for oncology and palliative care patients attending the Instituto Oncológico Nacional, Cochabamba (Bolivia). Patients were predominantly from the Quechua tradition, which has its own ethnic diversity, linguistic distinctions, and economic systems. Qualitative data were collected during focus groups. Data analysis was conducted using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Three interrelated themes emerged: (1) Making sense of structures of experience and relationality; (2) Frustration with the system; and (3) The challenges of promoting shared decision-making. The study uncovered participants' lived experiences, emotions and perceptions of providing care for Quechua patients. There was evidence of structural inequalities, the marginalisation of Quechua patients, and areas of concern that social workers might well be equipped to respond to, such as accessing finances for treatment/care, education and alleviating psychological or spiritual suffering.


This paper discusses the potential of the application of a high-order cell-centered finite difference method (CCFDM) to problems in aeroacoustics. Based on an in-house code, a class of low-dissipation and low-dispersion compact schemes adopting optimization techniques is proposed for direct noise calculation of long-time long-distance sound propagation problems. These schemes are further validated with benchmark cases from a CAA workshop and the results indicate these schemes outperform the widely-used 5th-order upwind scheme. The second part of this paper investigates the capability of combining CCFDM with the FW-H acoustic analogy for the far-field noise prediction. Two example cases, including a tonal noise case (laminar flow past a 2D NACA0012 airfoil) and a broadband case (turbulent flow past a 3D rod-airfoil configuration), are both analyzed in detail. Good agreement with experimental data has been achieved, which indicates that the CCFDM coupled with the FW-H acoustic analogy has great potential in aeroacoustics.


The very inquisition of the humanity always remains about its parent star of this planetary system. Scientists across the world are always egger to investigate the details of the phenomenon of the solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). There are some fundamental mysteries related to the solar coronal heating along with the acceleration of the solar wind and energetic particles. In this context we have discussed on the solar radio signal data obtained from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), USA in course of its journey towards the Sun and the very recent data of Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) space probe of European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA. In this work the simultaneous and periodical analysis of the data from the SOHO and PSP will light into the delicate features of the near and far Earth observations on the solar coronal mass ejections related dynamics and that reveals some interesting facts in relation to the solar magnetic field.


Introduction. The article studies the problem of investigation of coupled nonstationary thermoelectroelastic fields in piezoceramic structures. The main approaches related to the construction of a general solution to the initial non-selfadjoint equations describing the process under consideration are briefly outlined. The work aims at constructing a new closed solution to the axisymmetric thermoelectroelasticity problem for a long piezoceramic cylinder.Materials and Methods. A long hollow cylinder whose electrodated surfaces were connected to a measuring device with large input resistance was considered. On the cylindrical surfaces of the plate, a time-varying temperature was given. The hyperbolic theory of Lord–Shulman thermo-electro-elasticity was used. The closed solution is constructed using a generalized method of finite integral transformations.Results. The developed calculation algorithm makes it possible to determine the stress–strain state of the cylinder, its temperature, and electric fields. In addition, it becomes possible to investigate the coupling of fields in a piezoceramic cylinder, as well as to analyze the effect of relaxation of the heat flow on the fields under consideration.Discussion and Conclusion. The use of assumptions about the equality of the components of the temperature stress tensor and the absence of temperature effect on the electric field allowed us to formulate a self-adjoint initial system of equations and construct a closed solution.


Zeroing in on Zoonoses Influenza, plague, and Lyme disease are classic examples of zoonoses—diseases that circulate in livestock and wildlife, as well as in humans. When a pathogen transfers among multiple hosts, the dynamics of circulation, transmission, and outbreak are complex. Lloyd-Smith et al. (p. 1362) review the use of analytical mathematical tools, particularly modeling, in the development of control policies and research agendas. Significant gaps are highlighted in analytical efforts during spillover transmission from animals into humans. Moreover, the tendency has been to focus on pathogens with simpler life cycles and of immediate global urgency, such as influenza, whereas insect-transmitted pathogens with complex, multihost life cycles are less well understood. Few infectious diseases are entirely human-specific: Most human pathogens also circulate in animals or else originated in nonhuman hosts. Influenza, plague, and trypanosomiasis are classic examples of zoonotic infections that transmit from animals to humans. The multihost ecology of zoonoses leads to complex dynamics, and analytical tools, such as mathematical modeling, are vital to the development of effective control policies and research agendas. Much attention has focused on modeling pathogens with simpler life cycles and immediate global urgency, such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome. Meanwhile, vector-transmitted, chronic, and protozoan infections have been neglected, as have crucial processes such as cross-species transmission. Progress in understanding and combating zoonoses requires a new generation of models that addresses a broader set of pathogen life histories and integrates across host species and scientific disciplines.


A new method of phase-stepping by changing the temperature of Laser Diode(LD)In phase shifting interferometry(PSI) has been presented.Changing the temperature of LD causethe change of its wavelength and that make it possible to implement phase-stepping in PSI withoutany other phase shifter.On the base of theory analysis and experiment,a practice LDPSI has beenestablished and to be proved simple and robust.


We assayed serum folate levels of 60 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and found that 50% had values below 3.0 μg/l. Some patients with CFS are deficient in folic acid.


Dysregulation of nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) has been found in numerous solid and hematological malignancies. Our previous meta‐analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC) high throughput gene expression profiling studies identified it as a consistently reported up‐regulated gene in the malignant state. Our aims were to compare NPM1 expression in normal colon, adenoma and CRC, to correlate their expressions with clinico‐pathological parameters, and to assess the biological role of aberrant NPM1 expression in CRC cells. NPM1 transcript levels were studied in human CRC cell lines, whereas a tissue microarray of 57 normal human colon, 40 adenoma and 185 CRC samples were used to analyze NPM1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. CRC cell lines were subjected to transient siRNA‐mediated knockdown to study NPM1's roles on cell viability and senescence. NPM1 transcript levels were 7–11‐folds higher in three different human CRC cell lines compared to normal colon cells. NPM1 protein expression was found to be progressively and significantly upregulated in CRC compared to adenomas and in adenomas compared to normal mucosa. Reducing NPM1 expression by siRNA had caused a significant decrease in cell viability, a concomitant increase in cellular senescence and cell cycle arrest. Cellular senescence induced under conditions of forced NPM1 suppression could be prevented by knocking down p53. The differential expression of NPM1 along the normal colon‐adenoma‐carcinoma progression and its involvement in resisting p53 related senescent growth arrest in CRC cell lines implicate its role in supporting CRC tumorigenesis.


Objective Determination of immune turbidimetric glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) for reliability evaluation.Methods The ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography and immune transmission turbidity were healthy and diabetic patients(100 patients) were Hb1Ac determination,compare the correlation between the two and ultimately the immune turbidimetric method on the accuracy of to evaluate.Results two tests measured the relevance of the results significantly(P0.05),the immune turbidimetric method,the average recovery was 97.9%.Conclusion This method is good reproducibility,high accuracy,the operation simple,short testing cycle,low cost,to provide a clinical fast,simple and reliable routine method.


Are unrealistic assumptions acceptable? If results are not changed in a misleading way, they are acceptable. The same assumption may be acceptable in one context and not in another. Assuming identical pairs of individuals in the parity and limit theorems in general equilibrium theory is acceptable as results are not changed substantially. The alleged equivalence of the first‐price and second‐price auctions is based on misleading assumptions; Coase's case against taxing pollution is based on a misleading all‐or‐nothing comparison. The contrasting results (neutrality versus non‐neutrality of money) of perfect versus imperfect competition in macroeconomics with important real‐world policy relevance are also used to illustrate the point.


Cage fish farming on rivers in Bo Trach district ha s become an important sector for farmers. Based on the results of a rando m survey on 120 households in 3 selected communes (favorable conditions and unfavorable conditions) in Bo Trach district, this paper has found that cage fish farmi ng brings high economic efficiency for farmers. Some determined input factors include the amount of technical training, experience, density of fish, feed costs, fish drugs . It is necessary to focus on planning the cage fish areas, opening a training cl ass on technical and management skills for farmers, improving the capabilities of o fficial funding access and marketing for inputs and outputs of cage fish farmi ng in Bo Trach district.


The thesis is divided into the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part contains findings about education and provides a brief insight into the history of education of the healthcare workers. The practical part includes the research, which is focused on the demand for a language course, and the semi-structured interview. The project of imrovement of the language educational system of the healthcare workers is based on the findings.


Kenaf has been considered as a versatile crop with multipurpose and continuable utilization in the World. In this paper, kenaf research, developing status and future plan of work in Malaysia were introduced. The contents include variety selection, cultivation, pest and disease management, storage, production process, utilization and economic analysis for the purposes of kenaf as a raw material of animal feed, fiber reinforced plastic composites, pulp and paper in Malaysia. It is useful for promoting the kenaf research, development and utilization in China.


Small metabolic molecules often are chiral and can play important roles in regulating a variety of biological functions, occasionally providing information about the presence and progression of disease. The most ubiquitous class of such small molecules are amino acids. Sensitive and accurate analysis of the less prevalent D-amino acids as free entities or as constituents of peptides can be challenging, particularly when complex physiological matrices are involved. The number of studies involving low-abundance D-amino acids in biological systems has increased significantly over the last decade. Studies involving their presence and importance have become increasingly difficult to ignore. Their relevance in neurological pathologies, cancer, kidney disorders, and more, has advanced. Chiral separations have played and continue to play a central role in these studies. Because enantiomers and epimers have the same exact mass, stereoselective separations are essential. However, sensitive detection is also necessary because trace levels of these analytes are involved. Multidimensional separations often provide the best avenue for accurate qualitative and quantitative results. Future developments will involve faster and highly specific routine testing, particularly if these analyses are to enter the clinical realm.


Albert-Laszlo Barabasi's book on the theory of networks shows that networks (social network of friends, the web's five billion websites, the biological food chain, business and commerce, the growth of cities, intra-cellular proteins, and so on) can be quantified and described with the same type of mathematical laws. These different types of networks share the same properties. By understanding how networks function and grow, one can develop strategies to take advantage of that growth.


Most military students take college courses in order to be promotable, learn a new skill, and/or transition into civilian life. This chapter describes the difference between viewing advising through a transient lens (addressing only the immediate needs of enrollment and program completion) and a permanent lens (planning long-term career and personal aspirations).


We study the properties of a single magnetic vortex and magnetic vortex lattices in a generalization of the Abelian Higgs model containing the simplest derivative interaction that preserves the [Formula: see text] gauge symmetry of the original model. The paper is motivated by the study of finite isospin chiral perturbation theory in a uniform, external magnetic field: since pions are Goldstone bosons of QCD (due to chiral symmetry breaking by the QCD vacuum), they interact through momentum-dependent terms. We find the asymptotic properties of single vortex solutions and compare them to the well-known solutions of the standard Abelian Higgs model. Furthermore, we study the vortex lattice solutions near the upper critical field using the method of "successive approximations," which was originally used by Abrikosov in his seminal paper on type-II superconductors. We find the vortex lattice structure, which remains hexagonal as in the standard Abelian Higgs model, and condensation energy of the vortex lattices relative to the normal vacuum (in a uniform magnetic field).


The fundamental purpose to develop the Automatic Construction Robot is to settle the imbalance between the supply and demands of manpower in the construction industry. It is also to increase productivity and improve labor conditions. Interest in the Robot has dramatically increased due to issues above as the aging of the labor pool, evasion of labor-intensive work by the younger generation, and the spike in demand for skyscraper buildings. Such a robot is being developed for use domestically, yet this development is still in the early stages. Accordingly, we conducted the analyses of the current state and direction of similar projects being conducted by other industrialized nations (Japan, USA, Europe). It will be expected to contribute to enhance domestic Automatic Construction Robot.


The Effects of Goal Revelation on Computer-Mediated Negotiation Ya'akov Gal MIT CSAIL Harvard Univ. SEAS Sohan D'souza British Univ. in Dubai Philippe Pasquier Simon Fraser Univ. Abstract This paper studies a novel negotiation protocol in settings in which players need to exchange resources in order to achieve their own objective, but are uncertain about the objectives of other participants. The protocol allows participants to request each other to disclose their interests at given points in the negotiation. Revealing information about participants' needs may facilitate agreement, but it also exposes their negotiation strategy to the exploitation of others. Empirical studies were conducted using computer-mediated negotiation scenarios that provided an analogue to the way goals and resources interact in the world. The scenarios varied in the individual positions and interests of participants, as well as the dependency relation- ships that hold between participants. Results show that those who choose to reveal their underlying goals outperform nego- tiators in the same setting that use a protocol that forbids reve- lation. In addition, goal revelation has a positive effect on the aggregate performance of negotiators, and on the likelihood to reach agreement. Further analysis show goal revelation to be a cooperation mechanism by which negotiators are able to iden- tify acceptable agreements in scenarios characterized by few socially (Pareto) beneficial outcomes. Introduction Goals and incentives are key determinants of human behavior, but in many negotiation scenarios there is lack of information about the underlying interests of participants. Often, this pre- vents the parties from reaching a beneficial agreement. Con- sider a bank who is offering to purchase the majority of shares of a struggling company in return for potential job cuts. The unions may not allow the company to accept the offer because they refuse to agree to layoffs. However, if the bank discloses that it is committed to keeping the company afloat, the unions may agree to the buy-out if layoffs are minimal. On the other hand, revealing goals is often associated with a cost. Having realized that the bank does not intend to liquidate the com- pany, the unions may demand no job cuts. This work studies the trade-offs associated with different negotiation protocols in settings where self-interested parties lack information about each other's aims. We consider strate- gic settings which require an agreement on the allocation of scarce resources among self-interested parties. Participants take turns proposing take-it-or-leave-it deals to each other un- der time constraints, and communication is associated with a cost. With no certain knowledge of each other's goals, the offers of participants serve as a "noisy signal" to their true objectives. It is difficult to locate efficient trades for both par- ties in such conditions, either because participants may re- quest more than they need, or because there are simply too many combinations of possible agreements to try out under time constraints. In these conditions, revealing the objectives of one or more of the participants may facilitate agreement, because the addi- Iyad Rahwan British Univ. in Dubai Univ. of Edinburgh Sherief Abdallah British Univ. in Dubai Univ. of Edinburgh tional information narrows the "search space" of possible of- fers, and may reveal new avenues of negotiation that were not known before. However, it is not obvious that the revelation of information by either party will necessarily improve the result of the negotiation. Goal revelation is potentially costly, because it exposes the revealing party's position and negoti- ation strategies. For example, a participant that revealed its goals could have exposed itself to be very selfish in its past offers, and this may adversely affect the quality of the deals they are offered in the future. This paper proposes a novel interest-based negotiation pro- tocol in task settings, in which parties can prompt each other to reveal their goals at fixed points within the negotiation pro- cess. This protocol is inspired by recent negotiation proto- cols that allow participants to exchange information about be- liefs, goals or social aspects (Rahwan et al., 2003). We com- pare this interest-based protocol with an alternative position- based protocol where goal revelation is not allowed. We mea- sured people's behavior under each of these protocols using a computer-mediated testbed comprising a conceptually simple game in which players negotiate and exchange resources to enable them to achieve their individual goals. This testbed has been used previously to analyze the decision-making strate- gies people deploy when interacting with computers, and the comparison of these strategies with those that people deploy when interacting with other people (Gal, Pfeffer, Marzo, & Grosz, 2004). The advantage of this testbed for studying interest-based negotiation is two-fold: First, it presents a real- istic analogue to the ways in which goals, tasks and resources interact in real-world settings, but it abstracts away the com- plexities of specific domains. Second, it supports transpar- ent, anonymous communication between subjects who are interacting together in laboratory conditions, avoiding exper- imenter effects and face-to-face communication. We conducted experiments in which different subjects in- teracted with each other using either interest- or position- based protocols on the same set of negotiation scenarios. These scenarios varied in the dependency relationships that hold between players (i.e., who needs whom), as well as the number of integrative (mutually beneficial) exchanges. Re- sults show that goal revelation using interest-based negoti- ation protocols leads to a higher likelihood of agreement, and a significant increase in benefit to the revealing player, as compared to the benefit obtained using the position-based protocol. In addition, using the interest-based protocol it- self has a positive effect on the social benefit to both parties which is significantly higher than the social benefit obtained using the position-based protocol. Further analysis revealed that interest-based negotiation is essentially a mechanism by


This work investigates the finite-time trajectory tracking control problem for A Wheel Mobile Robot (WMR) subject to external disturbances. More specifically, a finite-time disturbance observer is first proposed by utilizing a continuous function tanh(•) to estimate the external disturbances. Furthermore, a novel integral terminal sliding mode based fixed-time controller is proposed by incorporating a smooth adaptive law. The adaptive law is designed to estimate the upper bound of the observation errors. Then, rigorous Lyapunov theory analyses demonstrate that the tracking errors will converge to a small neighborhood of the origin in fixed-time. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate that the WMR can successfully accomplish the tracking task by utilizing the proposed control schemes.


A 2 orders of magnitude range of van der Waals interactions is considered here to take the majority of the variety of shapes and materials of actual particles into account. Comparing these interactions with the repulsive forces generated by electrostatic charges, drag, surface tension, shock waves, high accelerations and aerosol particles, the intrinsic capabilities and limitations of the different cleaning processes can be predicted. Three kinds of particle-removal processes have been identified – universal processes capable of removing all particle sizes and types, even from patterned wafers, processes that present the same theoretical ability but are actually limited by the accessibility of the particles, and finally cleanings that are not able to remove all particle sizes. Keywords— cleaning, SC1, particle removal.


Asphyxiophilia is the term for sexual arousal derived from the autoerotic restriction of air flow. This study examined the prevalence and selected correlates of erotic asphyxiophilia from a national sample (N = 917). Survey respondents acknowledging recurrent erotic asphyxiophilia were compared to control counterparts. Criterion measures canvassed a range of developmental and maladjustment indicators. A total of 8.8% of this sample identified choking (restricted oxygen) as the primary focus of a "vast majority" (>80%) of their sexual fantasies. This asphyxiophilic cohort was disproportionately represented by people who were less religious (Cohen's d = 0.41), sexually abused (relative risk = 2.44), hypersexual (Cohen's d = 0.80), and exposed to pornography at a younger age (Cohen's d = 0.43). Asphyxiophilia group members showed higher levels of maladjustment on all of the Sexual Addiction Screening Test–Revised subscales and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short Form subscales. Erotic asphyxiophilia is a consequential condition that has not generated adequate attention in the psychiatric literature. [Psychiatr Ann. 2019;49(5):224-229.] A sphyxiophilia is sexual arousal derived from the autoerotic or other-induced restriction of breathing. Sexual fantasies of suffocation sometimes occur as a manifestation of selected paraphilic disorders, and an asphyxiophilia specifier has been added as one to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5).1 This specifier is sexual masochism disorder, and it was included to bring attention to this behavior and the risk of sudden death that it poses.2 Consensual and/or nonconsensual acts of asphyxiophilia can also be perpetrated on others as manifestations of sexual sadism disorder. It should be noted that erotic asphyxiophilia often occurs without paraphilic comorbidity.3 For example, one study found only about 12% of autoerotic asphyxia deaths in one sample were associated with sexual masochism.4 Autoerotic asphyxia mortality in the United States5 and worldwide6 may be as high as 1,000 people annually. Experimentation during youth with erotic and/or nonsexualized asphyxia should lead to professional concern.7 A subset of accidental death associated with erotic or nonsexualized asphyxia may be misattributed to suicide.8 The underlying motives of asphyxiophilia are subsequently complex, posing considerable challenges for the differential diagnosis. The infrequency, covert nature, and diverse fantasy themes of erotic asphyxiophilia have complicated efforts to understand both the epidemiology and etiology of this behavior. Interest in asphyxiophilia has been observed to emerge most fully around early adulthood (about age 19 years) according to the DSM-5.1 Potential etiologic contributors have been limited to fairly nonspecific aberrant biological,9 psychodynamic,10 developmental,11 and personality12,13 processes that would presumably be catalyzed by critical learning experiences such as early exposure to pornography.14 The developmental and personality antecedents of asphyxiophilic interests remain largely unexplored. The absence of sound etiologic models for development of the paraphilias has been cited as a major concern15 in contemporary DSM formulations of the paraphilias, which are forced to focus exclusively on symptom clusters and outcomes. STUDY HYPOTHESES This study generated an estimate of the extent to which members of the general public fantasized about asphyxiophilia as a recurrent erotic theme. Attempts were then made to forge associations between these identified erotic asphyxiophilic fantasies and selected developmental antecedents, maladaptive personality trait dimensions, and current sexual maladjustment. Theoretical and empirical rationales for the examination of specific developmental predictors were difficult to derive from the literature so a decision was made to restrict analysis to a handful of factors that potentially were associated with general sexual development. A number of specific hypotheses were tested: (1) asphyxiophilic sexual fantasies were Victoria Pocknell, MA, is a fifth-year Doctoral Candidate. Alan R. King, PhD, is a Professor. Both authors are affiliated with the Psychology Department, University of North Dakota. Address correspondence to Alan R. King, PhD, Psychology Department, University of North Dakota, P.O. Box 8380, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8380; email: email@example.com. Disclosure: The authors have no relevant financial relationships to disclose. doi:10.3928/00485713-20190415-02


A cellulose-based gas permeable mold having thermal crosslinking group for nanoimprint lithography has been developed to prevent transcriptional defects by volatile solvents from nanoimprinting materials. 3 wt.% of thermal initiator was required for producing the cellulose-based gas permeable mold. The void on 10 μm line structure of imprinted UV crosslinked resin with acetone as volatile solvents in nanoimprint lithography process using non-gas permeable mold was significantly removed using the cellulose-based gas permeable mold due to its high oxygen gas permeability. The cellulosebased gas permeable mold allows the employment of solvent including imprinting materials such as compounds and alloy particle.


With the development of ultrasonic imaging,high-resolution ultrasound provides a main imageology detective method for thyroid microcarcinoma.In terms of related study and literature in recent years,we carried out a summary in this paper on the sonographic features of thyroid microcarcinoma,which included shape,contours,internal echo,calcification,vascularity and metastatic lymph nodes,and described the current state of US-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy and application of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in detection of throid microcarcinoma,with the view to provide scientific basis to preoperative diagnosis of thyroid microcarcinoma.


The paper analyzes the specifics of the Russian monetary policy and assesses its effectiveness for the economic growth and ensuring financial stability in the context of increased disparities in the world monetary system and unfavorable external conditions for the Russian economy. The scope of research covers the study of global imbalances and their impact on the world finance in general and the Russian economy in particular. The purposes of the work were to identify the main trends in the transformation of the global monetary and financial system, characterize the problems of global structural imbalances and justify the need for the optimization of the monetary and forex policy in the Russian Federation under the "new reality" conditions. It is concluded that the current strategy of the monetary policy in the Russian Federation should be corrected in terms of mitigating the quantitative inflation target along with the establishment of "threshold" parameters of the exchange rate dynamics of the Russian ruble within the limits determined by fundamental economic factors


This research is based on the framework of a fully automated smart fruit factory that builds a small and simple fruit grading device, and spots defects in the three fruit models of apples, lemons and oranges which were used as test target, and the entire process of detection is performed in a dark box. There is a ring-shaped LED light to regulate the light source inside the dark box. The fruits to be identified are moved into the dark box by a conveyor belt, an infrared sensor is used to judge whether the fruits are within the shooting range of the image capture area, and then the photos are sent to the SSD (Single Shot Multi Box Detector) neural network model to identify defects. This system screens the surface of apples, lemons and oranges for defects like damage, pest damage, dryness, bruises, etc. and removes them to preserve the fruits that are good in quality. It has been verified by several experiments that the identification accuracy rate can reach upto more than 95%.


: This research aims at investigating the current situation of marriage costs in rural men at different economic levels and analyze the influence of economy, education and family background. By collecting sample data from the rural survey in H province, we investigated many aspects of their economic status, education, and family background, and measured their marital costs. The results show that the economic level has a significant effect on the cost of marriage in rural men, and a higher economic level means higher marriage costs. At the same time, education level was negatively associated with the marriage costs of rural men, which may be related to the influence of education on individual career development and economic status. Family background also has a significant impact on the cost of marriage for rural men, with individuals with better family backgrounds tend to bear higher costs in marriage. This research also verified these effects using regression analysis and performed a sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of the model. Our results help to deeply understand the operation mechanism of rural marriage market and provide a reference for relevant policy making.


College culture is a necessary part to strengthen group cohesion, stimulate group morale and cooperate with ideological and political education. In view of some problems such as lack of force construction ideas, ignoring the campus spirit cultivation and delaying the infrastructure construction, the mechanism of college cultural education should be established and improved by following methods. First is to do three coordination between school system and campus culture system, between party committee, office and student groups, and between campus culture construction organizations. Second is to establish management mechanism, incentive mechanism and coordination mechanism. Third is to cultivate full-time staff, part-time staff and amateur cadre team.


Due to the low primary production in the arctic tundra, the herbivory can have dramatic consequences on the productivity and the structure of plant communities. In addition to this plant-herbivore interaction, predation can also modulate the functioning of terrestrial arctic ecosystem. Climatic variations can further affect arctic wildlife species and, through cascading effects, indirectly influence the trop hic dynamic of the entire ecosystem. Although indirect effects in natural communities can be influential, the strength of such interactions is rarely quantified in the field. We investigated the cascading effects of climate and indirect trophic interactions on the grazing impact of a key high-arctic tundra herbivore, the greater snow goose (Chen caeruluscens atlantica). We took advantage ofnatural variations and used a 17 years time series (1990-2006) of the ecological monitoring on Bylot Island, Nunavut. We first identified and quantified the main climatic parameters influencing annual plant production and biomass grazed by geese in arctic wetlands. We also determined to what extent lemming population fluctuations indirectly influenced the annual goose grazing pressure via shared predators. Summer thawing degree-days and total summer precipitations best explained annual plant production in wetlands, which was lower in relatively cold and wet summers. Regional spring climatic conditions (North Atlantic Oscillation index; NAO), mean local temperature in early summer and lemming cycles were the most important factors determining summer goose grazing intensity. Spring NAO likely affected grazing intensity through its impact on food and nest site availability during the goose pre-Iaying and laying periods, thereby affecting goose breeding propensity and subsequent goose summer population size. By affecting the numerical and functional responses of predators, mainly arctic foxes, cyclic rodent populations indirectly influenced the goose-plant interaction (higher goose grazing impact during peak lemming years). Finally, we found evidence of carry-over effects caused by human induced disturbance on the main goose staging sites. The implementation of a goose spring harvest in southem Quebec apparently reduced by about 10% the proportion of plant biomass grazed on Bylot Island. Overall, this study provides quantitative estimates of key cascading effects in the arctic tundra and allows a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationships between climate, plants and consumers.


The measurement of the apparent and tap density for Al-Pb-X(Sn,Sn-Si) powders produced by centrifugal atomizer showed that the larger theoretically calculated densities the larger those densities. And tap densities were not over 50% of the theoretical densities. The nip angle of Al-5wt%Pb alloy powders produced with 38000 r.p.m. of disk rotation was degree larger than that of Al-8.5wt%Pb-3wt%Sn(-4wt%Si, 8wt%Si) with 50000 r.p.m. The effects of roll gap and rolling speed on thickness and density of the single strips by rolling were that rolling speed increasing the thickness and density of strip decreased and roll gap increasing, the thickness of strip increased but the density decresed. The compactibility of Al-Pb-X with Al by rerolling showed that the coarse powder-strips were better than fine powder-strips. From the SEM study with EDX analysis on the sintered strips, it was found that Pb and Sn were segregated with maximum size , and Si existed surrounding the segregation zone. After sintering the clad strips at , the pores, which were spherical with of mean diameter, partly remained around the particles of alloy powders area, while completely disappeared at clad interface. The hardness of strips of alloy powders decreased linearly with increasing sintering temperature.


China's foreign trade is heavily dependent on the superiority deriving from low cost manpower.It belongs to extensive-typed foreign trade in the low end of the international value chain since it is short of independent intellectual property rights,core technology,sales and marketing networks.A shift in the mode involves improving and optimizing the existing industrial policy all-sidedly in order to promote the highly efficient,intensive and sustainable growth of our economy.


Citation for published version (APA): Kooter, I. M., Steiner, R. A., Dijkstra, B. W., Noort, P. I. V., Egmond, M. R., & Huber, M. (2002). EPR characterization of the mononuclear Cu-containing Aspergillus japonicus quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase reveals dramatic changes upon anaerobic binding of substrates. European Journal of Biochemistry, 269(12), 2971-2979. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02973.x


This paper presents the first real-time physical-layer network coding (PNC) prototype for the two-way relay wireless channel (TWRC). Theoretically, PNC could boost the throughput of TWRC by a factor of 2 compared with traditional scheduling (TS) in the high signal-to-noise (SNR) regime. Although there have been many theoretical studies on PNC performance, there have been few experimental and implementation efforts. We built the first prototype of PNC about a year ago. It was, however, an offline system in which an offline PNC decoder was used at the relay. For a real-time PNC system, there are many additional challenges, including the needs for tighter coordination of the transmissions by the two end nodes, fast real-time PNC decoding at the relay, and a PNC-compatible retransmission scheme (i.e., an ARQ protocol) to ensure reliability of packet delivery. In this paper, we describe a real-time PNC prototype, referred to as RPNC, that provides practical solutions to these challenges. Indoor environment experimental results show that RPNC boosts the throughput of TWRC by a factor of 2 compared with TS, as predicted theoretically. RPNC prototype provides an interface to the application layer, with which we demonstrate the exchange of two image data files between the two end nodes.


In view of humidity and high humidity in the climatic region,a new type of energy saving air conditioning system-the combination of capillary radiation air-conditioning system based on evaporative cooling and mechanical refrigeration was proposed.In the system,the unit of evaporative cooling and air heat pump produce cooling water with high temperature,which is supplied to system of capillary end to bear the indoor sensible heat load in summer,and produce hot water in the winter.At the same time,the units of evaporative cooling system produce fresh air for the room,take latent heat load and part of the sensible heat load of the room.This paper analyzed the characteristics of the system,and the process of air treatment was analyzed and calculated based on an project in Xi'an.


Economic growth fueled by the extensive utilization of natural resources and usage of fossil fuels has inflicted severe damage on the environment and resulted in climatic changes, weather extremes, increased temperatures etc. Economies all over the world are facing a trade-off between achieving high economic growth and mitigating climate change. As economic prosperity and development will always come at the cost of rapid consumption of resources from the environment, the role of technology and the adoption of innovation systems that helps countries to achieve high growth in a sustainable manner are becoming extremely important. While the developed economies have responded to this challenge by adopting a low carbon growth path, the developing economies due to their lack of resources, capital and infrastructure still lag behind. In particular, India is facing the twin challenge of accomplishing high economic growth in order to provide employment to its young and aspiring population while coping up with climate change and energy security. Due to its fossil fuel based energy system it is currently the fourth largest emitter of greenhouse gases after economies like China, United States and the European Union. Currently both public and private players in the India are playing their role in helping India achieve a sustainable growth by investing in research and development, supporting start-up ecosystem, focusing on renewable sources of energy and adopting clean technology. Section I provides an introduction to the paper. Section II discusses the global picture of energy consumption and carbon emissions. Section III stresses on the importance of technology and innovation systems to mitigate the problems of climate change. Section IV discusses the case of India, with emphasis on its energy consumption patterns and the various strategies it has adopted in order to ensure energy security. Section V analyzes the energy ecosystems and the corresponding sectoral innovation system. Section VI concludes the paper and draws three major policy implications. Firstly, given the heavy reliance of India on its conventional sources of energy enhancing the efficiency of this sector is of utmost importance. Second the existence of huge externalities and the presence of market failures in the energy sector must be recognized and woven into the design of India's future energy policy. Also the country needs to formulate strategic plans for its renewable energy sector. Lastly, it suggests that the key to achieving success in India's strategic energy action plan lies in designing an effective implementation strategy.


Nanofluids have found widespread practical applications in heat transfer, including cooling oils for diverse uses like automobile radiators, solar and nuclear power systems, biomedical devices, ventilation, heating, air conditioning, refrigeration, engine cooling, and transformers. Extensive scientific studies have investigated the impact of exotic fluids when combined with traditional heat transfer fluids, revealing that this combination enhances heat transfer performance beyond that of conventional working fluids. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the impressive heat transfer abilities of nanofluids. To optimize the efficiency of flat plate solar collectors, a comprehensive approach integrating theory and experimentation is essential. The results of such research highlight that increasing both the mass flow rate and concentration of nanofluids can lead to significant efficiency improvements, with potential enhancements ranging from 20% to 85%.


Based on our analysis of 183 foreign research and 260 foreign development units, we show that the respective extent of international research and development, respectively, is contingent on subsidiary characteristics, the parent-subsidiary relationship, and the extent to which product modularity allows for organisational modularity.


Origin (1) By short, strong tendinous and muscular fibres from the internal border of the tibia, under the internal lateral ligament. (2) By muscular fibres from the soleal line. (3) By a few scattered muscular fibres from the suprasoleal space between and from the bundles of the periosteal ligaments. The interstices contain some loose cellular tissue and fat, so that the muscle can be easily separated from the bone. (4) From the border of the internal tuberosity bounding the supra-soleal space above. ,, (5) In 'rather more than 80 per cent. of cases a loosely attached rounded bundle of muscular fibres arises from the fibula immediately above the peroneotibial band, between the soleus and the tibialis posticus.


A digital accelerator (DA) is a low energy version of the induction synchrotron which has been demonstrated using the KEK 12 GeV-PS in 2006. In the DA of injectorfree, the acceleration and bunch confinement are independently carried out by induction cells, which are 1to-1 transformers driven by individual switching power supplies. The switching power supply employing high power semiconductor switching devices (MOS-FET) can be operated at an arbitrary repetition rate up to 1 MHz with an output voltage of 2 kV. This characteristic allows us to realize a so-called all-ion accelerator capable of accelerating all species of ion including cluster ions. To comply with specific demands for the induction acceleration in the KEK DA, that is a renovation of the existing KEK 500 MeV Booster synchrotron, a fully digital control system of the KEK DA is under development. It consists of high speed ADCs and FPGA (or DSP) to acquire the profile of beam bunch and process the required gate trigger signal from the profile data. It is crucial to trigger the acceleration system at the desired timing. Outline and R&D works of the control system are described.


The nutritional characteristics of  seeds, stems, leaves and seed cake of Moringa oleifera tree were studied in a completely randomize design using: chemical composition, In-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), In-vitro gas production and In-saco dray matter degradability.  The results revealed that crude protein (CP) content was 13.30%, 17.30%, 29.27% and 41.50% for the stems, leaves, seeds and seed cake respectively. The stems and seeds had high crude fiber (CF) content than other parts. Seeds recorded high ether extract (EE) 31.2% content while stems recorded low EE 0.06% content. The content of nitrogen free extract was ranged from 29.43% to 53.97% for seed cake and leaves respectively. The ash content of seed cake, seeds, leaves and stems were 3.75%, 4.04%, 12.21% and 13.19% respectively. Seed cake and seeds gained high IVDMD followed by leaves and stems. The significant (P < 0.05) increased in gas production, DM degradability and their kinetics were obtained by leaves and seed cake compared to seeds and stems. The results revealed that the seeds, stems, leaves and seed cake of Moringa oleifera tree had great potential as livestock feed for small holder farms, especially during dry season.