We are pleased to publish this special section on current issues in human services in this year's Journal of Human Services. With the fast-paced world we now live in, the editors of the journal realized that new issues quickly arise and sometimes challenge human service practitioners and educators. Thus, we thought it would be prudent to address some of these current issues so that our readership would remain on the cutting edge of knowing what is transpiring in the field. In choosing which current issues to include, the editors sent a call out to all human service members of the National Organization of Human Services, asking for their input. We asked those interested in submitting a short current issues article, to first submit a paragraph with a description of the special topic along with a two-sentence statement as to why the topic is important to human services. Five members of the editorial staff of the Journal then read and rated, on a 10- point scale, all 86 submissions. In addition, the five editors chose their top five submissions. All submissions were read, rated, and ranked without author identification. Editors who chose to submit their own articles were not able to rank or vote on their own articles. The sixteen short articles presented in this special topics section of the Journal are the result of this process. Guidelines to the authors of 16 select articles were sent in which authors were asked to keep their submissions to eight pages of a Word document, which included a title page, abstract, content, and references. APA Manual style of writing was required. Due to the overwhelming response for submissions, some of the journal editors decided to publish a monograph that presented 26 additional current issues, selected via a separate blind review and peer ranking system. These will be published online, through the NOHS website, although hard copies will be available for purchase. The following are short descriptions of the current issues that we are excited to present in this edition of the Journal of Human Services. In Mechelle Bryan's article, The Significance of Empowerment in the Field of Health and Human Services, client-centered empowerment, as a method to improve client and patient outcomes, is discussed. She shares the benefits of empowerment in helping clients actively manage their own care, including making better decisions for themselves. She suggests several ways in which practitioners can empower their clients and patients. Some of the more contemporary examples she provides are the use of tele-empowerment and web empowerment. Through tele-empowerment, clients can participate in computer-mediated support groups, online support groups, and moderator-hosted blogs. Web empowerment makes it possible for clients to receive a wealth of information which can assist them in their decision-making regarding their own health care. Additionally, she provides practitioners with tips on integrating client empowerment into the helpers' work. The article by Rebecca Cole, Laurie Craigen, and Rebecca Cowan on Compassion Fatigue in Human Service Practitioners, describes the serious consequences of compassion fatigue on helpers and on their clients. They reveal that compassion fatigue can lead to increased pessimism at work, a loss of satisfaction in the profession, a decreased sense of accomplishment, physical and emotional exhaustion, and difficulty in the helper's ability to feel empathy. Notably, it can have detrimental consequences for the human service practitioner and for his or her clients. The authors provide readers with a number of risk factors associated with compassion fatigue and offers suggestions, such as practicing self-care and building strong peer support networks, as a means of prevention. Awareness, Recognition, and Action: Meeting the Needs of Geriatric Clients, by Rebecca Cowan and Rebekah Cole, describes the importance of preparing future practitioners to meet the needs of the growing geriatric population. …


Increasing agricultural productivity is a major step in transforming the rural economy and ensuring food security. This paperuses a unique household level panel data linked with a spatial climate data to examine the impact of different credit constraint conditions on agricultural productivity under changing climatic conditions. A propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to provide unbiased estimates of the production impacts of credit constraints on crop productivity. After controlling for potential selection bias, it is found that relaxing credit constraints increases agricultural productivity by Ethiopian Birr 169 per hectare, while the real crop revenue for discouraged and quantity constrained farmers has declined by Ethiopian Birr 443 and 275 per hectare, in that order. These results suggest that relaxing credit constraints by improving performance of the rural credit market could significantly increase agricultural productivity in rural Ethiopia.


Maternal immune activation (MIA) is consistently associated with elevated risk for multiple psychiatric and neurological disorders in the affected offspring. Converging lines of evidence from humans and animal models suggest a link between MIA and early entry into an atypical neurodevelopmental trajectory characterised by time- and sex-dependent abnormalities in brain structure and function. However to date, no such studies have investigated the brain-wide impact of MIA in the early post-weaning period, a critical and dynamic window of brain development. To address this, we acquired high-resolution ex vivo structural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) images from Wistar rat brains on postnatal day (PD) 21 following exposure to the viral mimetic poly (I:C) or sterile saline on gestational day (GD) 15 using a recently validated protocol. Using a combination of atlas-based segmentation and tensor based morphometry analysis we observed that MIA resulted in a significant increase in the relative volume of the diagonal domain (FDR q<0.1). Additional trend-level volume increases (p<0.05 uncorrected) were also found for the olfactory structures and preoptic area. Although not significant after FDR correction, we found trend-level evidence (p<0.05 uncorrected) for MIA x sex interactions in the volume of the diagonal domain, nucleus accumbens, pineal gland and anterior commissure. In contrast to volume, we found no evidence for microstructural alterations in our DTI dataset at PD21. These data provide new insights into the specific effects of MIA early in development, highlighting in particular, the diagonal domain as a target for future studies.


During the late Thirties and the early Forties, the political and military situation in the Far East was both characterized by the rapid progress of the Japanese military advance and by the serious deterioration of the Allied military position in the area. In such a context, China made various efforts, particularly after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour and the fall of Hong Kong and Singapore, in order to defuse the tension that had grown between Indian nationalists and the British administration in India. Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) thought that if India were to succumb to Japanese pressures the Allies' strategic situation in Asia might become extremely difficult. For this reasons, Chiang and other Chinese nationalist personalities (for example, Dai Jitao) intensified in those years their contacts with India. They made visits to India and met with leaders like Gandhi and Nehru in order to convince them to give firm support to the Allied cause. The aim of the paper is to undertake a preliminary analysis of these very important contacts between China and India during those years, in the general context of the Second World War period.


Abstract Background: Cough variant asthma (CVA) is classified as a distinct form of asthma. As the primary or only symptom, cough is the leading cause for the most prevalent chronic cough among kids. The American College of Clinical Pharmacy, British Thoracic Society, and Chinese guidelines established for diagnosing and treating chronic cough in kids recommend inhaled corticosteroids, combined with leukotriene receptor antagonists when necessary. Methods: We will conduct a comprehensive search in major databases using keywords to find studies related to the analysis of montelukast sodium and budesonide for treating CVA in kids. Two reviewers will independently assess the quality of the selected research articles and perform data extraction. Next, we will use the RevMan software (version: 5.3) to conduct the statistical analysis of the present study. Results: This study will assess the efficacy and safeness of using montelukast sodium and budesonide to treat kids with CVA by pooling the results of individual studies. Conclusion: Our findings will provide vigorous evidence to judge whether montelukast sodium and budesonide therapy is an efficient form of therapy for CVA patients. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval is not needed for the present meta-analysis. OSF registration number: May 17, 2021.osf.io/cuvjz (https://osf.io/cuvjz/).


oC), hardness, weight uniformity, friability, disintegration time, absolute drug content and dissolution efficiency were also analyzed. Results obtained showed that there were wide variations in the various tablet parameters among the different brands, with some of the brands having acceptable tablet characteristics while others did not. Only two batches indicated evidence of predictable bioequivalence. This is significant in therapy where drugs are expected to not only conform to their label claims but also have satisfactory bioavailability.


The Korean poultry industry produces more than 4,000 tons of hatchery by-products (HBPs) every year. There is an increasing interest in the use of HBPs as a feed ingredient in The Korean feed industry. However, limited information regarding nutritional values for HBPs has been available. Thus, we conducted an experiment to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AAs) in 4 different HBPs for broiler chickens. Four HBPs included infertile eggs (IFE), unhatched eggs (UHE), low grade and dead chicks (LDC), and mixture (MIX) containing 55% IFE, 10% UHE, 10% LDC, and 25% hatched eggshells. A total of three-hundred-thirty-six 21-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 7 replicates per treatment. Each diet contained individual HBP as a sole source of AAs. Additional 125 birds were used to estimate ileal endogenous losses of AAs. Results indicated that the AID and SID of 5 essential AAs (Arg, Met, Trp, His, and Val) for LDC were greatest (P < 0.05), but those (Arg, Met, and Trp) for MIX were the least (P < 0.05) among 4 HBPs. The AID and SID of most AAs in IFE were comparable to those in UHE. However, the AID and SID of 3 essential AAs (Lys, Leu, and Phe) were not different among 4 HBPs. The average AID and SID of both essential and nonessential AAs (18 AAs) for LDC were greatest (P < 0.05), but those for MIX were the least (P < 0.05) among 4 HBPs. In conclusion, HBPs used in this experiment contain high amounts of digestible AAs, which are comparable to other animal by-products. Generally, AAs in LDC are more digestible than AAs in other 3 HBPs (UHE, IFE, and MIX).


Not Without Honor is an ambitious, largely successful effort to encompass the whole of the American anticommunist experience, from the Bolshevik Revolution to the collapse of the Soviet Union. Richard Gid Powers, whose previous work includes studies of J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI,' holds that American anticommunism must be seen as a pluralistic movement of often jarring elements united only by a hatred of communism. He suggests that if the anticommunist movement is stripped of zanies such as Elizabeth Dilling and Robert Welch, mountebanks like Gaston Means (a trafficker in forged documents), political heavies like McCarthy and Martin Dies, and bureaucratic suppression artists like Hoover, then the remainder, the essence of the movement, was at bottom valid and valuable. Lamentably, Powers notes, the vicissitudes of seventy years of American politics have robbed it of honor due it in its own country. Powers provides a chronological review of the profuse variety of American anticommunism. Its beginnings contained threads that would run throughout its subsequent history. Woodrow Wilson's liberal internationalism, deployed to contain the Bolsheviks and compete with their appeal to the Left, coexisted with the strand Powers labels "countersubversion," epitomized by the young J. Edgar Hoover in the postwar Red Scare. The excesses of Hoover et al. sounded a recurrent motif in the anticommunist story: noisy repression that evoked outrage and sympathy and gave the Communists status as victims and civil-liberties poster children. In the 1920s anticommunism and communism, both in shambles, recuperated slowly, the former's ranks filling with members of groups the Communists managed to alienate. They numbered leftists and labor activists schooled by various communist betrayals, African Americans disgusted by the CP's loop-the-loops on the "Negro question," Jews moved by either a concern to disprove the canard that they were all Bolsheviks or by disillusioning experiences on the left, and Catholics battling an irreligious host. Powers


SRI collected a corpus to study how spontaneous speech differs from other types of speech. The corpus was collected in two parts: (1) a spontaneous Switchboard-style conversation on an assigned topic, and (2) a reading session in which participants read transcripts of their conversation from part 1. Experiments were conducted on sentences with identical transcripts that varied in speaking style. The word-error rates varied from 29% (careful dictation) to 53% (spontaneous conversation) depending on the speaking style. These experiments show that speaking style is a dominant factor in determining the performance of large-vocabulary conversational speech recognition (LVCSR) systems.


We show that there can be an arbitrary discrepancy between the worst-case rate required for scalar and vector quantization. Specifically, that for every /spl delta/, however large, and every /spl epsiv/>0, however small, there is a random variable and a distortion measure where quantization of a single instance within a given distortion requires more than /spl delta/ bits in the worst case, but quantization of multiple independent instances within the same distortion requires at most /spl epsiv/ bits per instance in the worst case. Furthermore, these discrepancies can be achieved by simple distortion measures that attain just two values: 0 and /spl infin/.


This invention relates to random elastomeric copolyesters containing units of low molecular weight glycol, poly(alkylene oxide)glycol, dimer acid and 1,2 bis(4-carbomethoxy phenoxy)ethane.


The solar photon output, which was once thought to be constant, varies over all time scales from seconds during solar flares to years due to the solar cycle. These solar variations cause significant deviations in the Earth and space environments on similar time scales, such as affecting the atmospheric densities and composition of particular atoms, molecules, and ions in the atmospheres of the Earth and other planets. Presented and discussed will be examples of current data from satellites that have preceded SDO such as TRACE, SOHO and TIMED that show how we can trace the origins of solar activity from inside the Sun, though its atmosphere, then all the way to the Sun's influence on the Earth and other objects in the solar system. The presentation will continuously emphasize how the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), the first satellite in NASA's Living with a Star program, is going to improve upon these current observations and provide further insights into the variable Sun and its Heliospheric influence.


Accelerate solvent extraction(ASE) was used to extract shaddock peel and obtained concrete by concentrating.The online pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrum(Py-GC/MS) was used to analyze its pyrolysis products at 300,450,600,750,900 ℃.The pyrolysate of shaddock peel concrete below 600 ℃ mainly included aldehydes,ketone,ester and alcohols,above 600 ℃ some substances which were harmful for human were appeared,such as p-xylene.Tobacco flavoring test showed:dosage of shaddock peel concrete in tobacco was 0.03%~0.05%,both cigarette smoking and drug incense coordinate better during smoking and could reduce irritation.


In this paper we examine the effects of model misspecification (robustness or RB) on international consumption correlations in two otherwise standard small open economy models: one with perfect state observation and the other with imperfect state observation. We show that in the presence of capital mobility in financial markets, RB lowers the international consumption correlations by generating heterogeneous responses of consumption to income shocks across countries facing different macroeconomic uncertainty. However, the calibrated RB model with perfect state observation cannot explain the observed consumption correlations quantitatively. We then show that the RB model with imperfect state observation is capable of matching the behavior of international consumption quantitatively via two channels: (i) the gradual response to income shocks that increases the correlations and (ii) the presence of the common noise shocks that reduce the correlations.


In this work, we consider a family of Lotka–Volterra maps [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] which unfold a map originally proposed by Sharkosky for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Multistability is observed, and attractors may exist not only in the positive quadrant of the plane, but also in the region [Formula: see text]. Some properties and bifurcations are described. The [Formula: see text]-axis is invariant, on which the map reduces to the logistic. For any [Formula: see text] an interval of values for [Formula: see text] exists for which all the cycles on the [Formula: see text]-axis are transversely attracting. This invariant set is the source of several kinds of bifurcations. Riddling bifurcations lead to attractors in Milnor sense, not topological but with a stable set of positive measure, which may be the unique attracting set, or coexisting with other topological attractors. The riddling and blowout bifurcations are described related to chaotic intervals on the invariant set, and these global bifurcations have different dynamic results. Chaotic intervals which are not topological attractors may have all the cycles transversely attracting and as Milnor attractors. We show that Milnor attractors may also be related to attracting cycles on the [Formula: see text]-axis at the bifurcation associated with the transverse and parallel eigenvalues. We show particular examples related to topological attractors with very narrow basins of attraction, when the majority of the trajectories are divergent.


S&P Dow Jones Indices (US). Dow Jones Industrial Average (US): Dow Jones Industrial Average (US) - Close, 01/03/2000 - 02/19/2020. Data Planet™ Statistical Datasets: A SAGE Publishing Resource Dataset-ID: 039-001-001 Dataset: Reports the value of the Dow Jones Industrial Average at market's close. Introduced in May 1896, the Dow Jones Industrial Average index, also referred to as the Dow, is a price-weighted measure of 30 United States blue-chip publicly traded companies. The index covers all industries with the exception of transportation and utilities, which are covered by the Dow Jones Transportation Average and Dow Jones Utility Average. While stock selection is not governed by quantitative rules, a stock typically is added to the index only if the company has an excellent reputation, demonstrates sustained growth and is of interest to a large number of investors. Maintaining adequate sector representation within the indices is also a consideration in the selection process, according to S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC. Price data is weighted to reflect stock splits and other adjustments. The index is often used as a broad indicator of the investment climate in the US. http://www.djindexes.com/ Category: Banking, Finance, and Insurance Subject: Stock Indexes, Stocks, Stock Markets, Publicly Traded Companies, Stock Prices Source: S&P Dow Jones Indices (US) In July 2012, in a joint venture between McGraw Hill Financial and CME Group, S&P (Standard and Poor) Indices and Dow Jones Indexes joined together as a major provider of financial market indices. http://www.dowjones.com/


■ HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE The conception of 3D printing, also referred to as additive manufacturing (AM), rapid prototyping (RP), or solid-freeform technology (SFF), was developed by Charles Hull. With a B.S. in engineering physics from the University of Colorado, Hull started work on fabricating plastic devices from photopolymers in the early 1980s at Ultra Violet Products in California. The lengthy fabrication process (1−2 months) coupled with the high probability of design imperfections, thereby, requiring several iterations to perfect, provided Hull with the motivation to improve current methods in prototype development. In 1986, Hull obtained the patent for stereolithography and would go on to acquire countless more patents on the technology, including, but not limited to, those cited in this article. In 1986, he established 3D Systems and developed the .STL file format, which would "complete the electronic 'handshake' from computer aided design (CAD) software and transmit files for the printing of 3D objects." Hull and 3D Systems continued to develop the first 3D printer termed the "Stereolithography Apparatus" as well as the first commercial 3D printer available to the general public, the SLA-250. With Hull's work, in addition to the development and subsequent patenting of fused deposition modeling (FDM) by Scott Crump at Stratasys in 1990, 3D printing was poised to revolutionize manufacturing and research. MIT professors Michael Cima and Emanuel Sachs patented the first apparatus termed "3D printer" in 1993 to print plastic, metal, and ceramic parts. Many other companies have developed 3D printers for commercial applications, such as DTM Corporation and Z Corporation (which merged with 3D Systems), and Solidscape and Objet Geometries (which merged with Stratasys). Others include Helisys, Organovo, a company that prints objects from living human tissue, and Ultimaker. Open source options such as RepRap, a desktop 3D printer capable of replicating the majority of its own parts, have been available since 2008. 3D printing technology has found industrial applications in the automotive and aerospace industries for printing prototypes of car and airplane parts, in the architectural world for printing structural models, and in the consumer goods industry for prototype development for companies like Trek and Black and Decker. The applications of 3D printing in private and government defense have been rapidly recognized. For example, applications in gun prototyping and manufacturing processes for the military have already been established. Medical applications of 3D printing date back to the early 2000s, with the production of dental implants and prosthetics. Applications in the food industry, as well as in fashion, have also emerged. With regard to research settings, 3D printing has been limited to biomedical applications and engineering, although it shows tremendous potential in the chemical sciences. This feature aims to present and compare the basic printing methods available and discuss some of the current work in chemistry as well as in other research and teaching efforts that utilize 3D printing technology. Feature


Two new species of Augerella Gupta, 1962 are described from Vietnam based on material collected from Dak Lak Province, Central Vietnam. Augerella achterbergi sp. nov. is characterized by the combination of the following features: body with black marks; clypeus strongly convex at base and concave at apex; both lower and upper valves of ovipositor bearing slanting ridges; ovipositor 0.73 times the length of hind tibia, 1.43 times length of first tergite. Augerella vriesi sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by having a longer ovipositor (the length of ovipositor 1.00 times the length of hind tibia, 1.90 times length of first tergite). In addition, A. orientalis (Gupta) is recorded in Vietnam for the first time.


The invention relates to a semisteel desulfuration dephosphorization agent and a preparing method and application thereof and belongs to the field of steel smelting. The invention aims at providing a novel semisteel desulfuration dephosphorization agent. The semisteel desulfuration dephosphorization agent is obtained by well mixing and then passivating, by weight, 5 parts of graphite powder, 5-15 parts of calcium metasilicate, 5-10 parts of potassium carbonate, 5-10 parts of potassium chloride, 10-20 parts of manganese dioxide and 50-70 parts of active lime. The invention further discloses the preparing method of the semisteel desulfuration dephosphorization agent and the application in semisteel desulfuration dephosphorization. The preparing method of the semisteel desulfuration dephosphorization agent is simple, effective dephosphorization can be carried out under the premise that the desulfuration rate is guaranteed, less slag steelmaking by a steelmaking converter can be well carried out, and cost is saved.


Objective:To study the relationship between TCM′s syndrome differentiation typing and serum levels of PDGF and TGF-β in chronic hepatitis.Methods:90patients suffering from chronic hepatitis were divided into 3 groups according to the TCM′s typing,including liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome group(30cases),middle energizer dampness-heat syndrome group(30cases)and blood-stasis obstruction syndrome group(30cases).And control group(30 healthy persons)was established.The serum concentration of PDGF and TGF-β of the 120 persons was detected by ELISA.Results:The serum concentration of PDGF and TGF-β in the patients was higher than that in healthy persons.The serum concentration of PDGF and TGF-β in blood-stasis obstruction syndrome group was higher than that in the group of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome and middle energizer dampness-heat syndrome.The quantitative level was accordant with above qualitative level.The serum levels of PDGF and TGF-β was different in various degree hepatitis.The difference was significant in all above situation.Conclusion:Various TCM′s syndrome of chronic hepatitis are different not only in macroscopic diagnostic indexes but also in microcosmic indicator.It is strongly relative with the PDGF and TGF-β.


............................................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... xii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF APPENDICES ......................................................................................................... xiv ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................... xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ....................................................... 1 1.


The use of evoked cortical potentials as an indicator of auditory acuity is limited by the small number of stimulations possible before the acoustic signal no longer produces this response. The present study employed a form of "conditioning" in order to prolong responsiveness; a test tone was temporally associated with light flashes until the tone came to produce an EEG response in anticipation of the photic stimulus. Auditory thresholds obtained with this electrocortical anticipatory response were comparable to those given voluntarily by 23 of 24 normal‐hearing young adults. Pure‐tone frequencies of 500, 1000, and 2000 cps were used in a counterbalanced design to examine transfer of the EEG response between frequencies; no difference in transfer was found. The electrocortical anticipatory response is viewed as a promising tool in assessing the auditory capacity of persons who are unable or unwilling to respond voluntarily in current audiological procedures. This technique is also considered an indicator ...


The article places modern adoption legislation in a historical context by providing a historical overview of the regulation of adoption and the rights of children and parents in the three Abrahimic faiths: Orthodox Judaism, Roman Catholicism, and Sunni Islamic law.


We consider a general Gauss-Markoff model (Y, Xβ, σ 2 V), where E(Y)=Xβ, D(Y)=σ 2 V. There may be deficiency in R(X), the rank of X and V may be singular. Two unified approaches to the problem of finding BLUE's (minimum variance linear unbiased estimators) have been suggested. One is a direct approach where the problem of inference on the unknown β is reduced to the numerical evaluation of the inverse of a partitioned matrix. The second is an analogue of least squares, where the matrix used in defining the quadratic form in (Y-Xβ) to be minimized is a g-inverse of (V+XUX') in all situations, whether V is nonsingular or not, where U is arbitrary subject to a condition. Complete robustness of BLUE's under different alternatives for V has been examined. A study of BLE's (minimum mean square estimators) without demanding unbiasedness is initiated and a case has been made for further examination. The unified approach is made possible through recent advances in the calculus of generalized inverse of matrices (see the recent book by Rao and Mitra, 1971a).


To test the hypothesis that subtle differences in abiotic requirements can result in almost total spatial segregation, we sampled two species of diurnal frogs, Atelopus spumarius and Allobates sumtuosus, in a primary forest reserve in central Brazilian Amazonia. We conducted visual and acoustic surveys on three occasions over 2 months, in 40 streamside (riparian) plots distributed throughout the reserve's two major drainage basins, using a grid system that covers 64 km2. On average, drainages differed in the pH of stream water and the number of connected and isolated streamside pools. Differences in abiotic characteristics of drainages were associated with the spatial distribution of frog species. The occurrence and density of Allobates sumtuosus was negatively related to stream pH and discharge and positively related to the number of isolated pools in plots. The occurrence and density of Atelopus spumarius was associated with streams with high discharge and pH near neutral. These results indicate that although very large reserves will probably contain sufficient landscape heterogeneity to accommodate different species of diurnal frogs, due to strongly patchy distributions, in situ studies using fine‐scale species‐distribution models will be necessary to assess the adequacy of small reserves in Amazonia that cover hundreds of square kilometers or less for the conservation of some anuran species.


Elevation of the zinc-binding protein metallothionein (MT) in the heart inhibits doxorubicin (DOX)-induced myocardial apoptosis and heart hypertrophy. Zinc release from MT in response to oxidative stress has been suggested as a mechanism of action of MT protection from DOX toxicity, and calcineurin is involved in the signaling pathways leading to myocardial apoptosis and heart hypertrophy. The present study was undertaken to determine if zinc can modulate the DOX-activated calcineurin signaling pathway. H9c2 cells were treated with 1 μM DOX, and zinc release was monitored by a zinc ion–specific fluorophore, zinquin ethyl ester. Additionally, DOX-activated calcineurin signaling was detected by a calcineurin-dependent nuclear factor of activated T-cell reporter. DOX treatment induced an increase in intracellular labile zinc and activated calcineurin signaling. Pretreatment of H9c2 cells with a zinc-specific, membrane-permeable chelating agent, N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), inhibited the increase in intracellular labile zinc and increased the DOX-activated calcineurin signaling. Pretreatment of H9c2 cells with exogenously added zinc attenuated the DOX-activated calcineurin signaling in a dose-dependent manner. However, neither TPEN nor addition of exogenous zinc affected DOX-induced cellular hypertrophy or DOX-induced decrease in cell viability. Additionally, inhibition of DOX-induced calcineurin signaling with the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine A or tacrolimus (FK506) failed to restrict the DOX-induced decrease in cell viability. These results indicate that zinc suppresses DOX-induced calcineurin signaling in H9c2 cells; however, calcineurin signaling is not involved in the DOX-induced decrease in cell viability in H9c2 cells. (It had been shown previously that calcineurin is also not necessary for DOX-induced H9c2 cell hypertrophy.)


Over the past 20 years, soccer in Slovenia has experienced a shift in role and perception from 'Balkanite' to mainstream. The purpose of this study is to understand how identity is negotiated in televised broadcasts of the domestic soccer league in this former Yugoslav country. The study uses content and discourse analyses to examine the commentary spoken during national soccer championship broadcasts on Slovenian public television and the ways players of different nationalities are represented in these games. Results show that interpretive commentary accounted for 29.2% of the total commentary, most (59.5%) of which was positive in nature. International players received significantly more overall comments, as well as more comments about athletic strength, speed and body size; home nationals in turn received more descriptions about concentration, experience and consonance. Announcers put considerable emphasis on nationality and used it to consolidate the status of Slovenia as an independent country and one within the European Union despite romantically recalling a shared soccer history with Yugoslavia. Finally, references to nationality were used as a neutral substitute to acknowledgement of race. Findings show that national league broadcasting can differ significantly from the play-by-play of international sports. In addition to reinforcing national awareness, sports broadcasts also have a unifying and 'Europeanizing' potential.


Using Fuzhou city satellite imagery photoed in 1988 and 1992,the thermal island effect in Fuzhou City is researched dynamically.Results show that due to the development of city construction the scope of thermal island is expanding obviously,especially in the east of Fuzhou proper.Simultaneously the small heat islands are emerging surrounding the main island.On the basis of these features the paper analyses the causes of the change and provides some measures to reduce the effects.


We offer a pedagogical application of the capital structure decision-making process. The application consists of a two-stage interactive spreadsheet model by which the student assumes the role of financial manager. The student first performs construction and analysis of six traditional capital structure scenarios to find the optimal debt level - the level that minimizes weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and maximizes firm value - then applies Monte Carlo simulation to those scenarios. During their investigation of alternative capital structure scenarios, students must deal with the reality that WACC components, thus WACC itself, are stochastic variables. The capital structure model has proven very helpful for students to investigate and better understand the relationship between debt and equity capital components in their relative effects on WACC andfirm value, and also to appreciate the impact on estimated WACC of uncertainty and variability in its components.(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRODUCTIONIn truth, not even the chairman of the Federal Reserve Board knows how to identify a firm 's precise optimal capital structure or how to measure the effects of capital structure changes on stock prices and the cost of capital. In practice, capital structure decisions must be made using a combination of judgment and numerical analysis. (Brigham and Houston, 2010. p.486).The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is an invaluable tool for use by financial managers in capital budgeting and business valuation analyses, and consequently, is a key topic in financial management courses. A continuing need exists for improved methods of teaching and learning this important topic. In a survey of 392 CFOs Graham and Harvey (2001) find that financial executives readily use business school techniques like net present value (NPV) and the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), but are much less likely to follow capital structure guidance from academia. Graham and Harvey (2001) suggest an explanation for this behavior might be that business schools are better at teaching capital budgeting and the cost of capital than at teaching capital structure. Citing this need for better capital structure teaching methods, Hull (2008) offers a pedagogical spreadsheet application of the capital structure decision-making process for a firm issuing debt to retire equity. Continuing the effort to produce improved teaching methods for capital structure, our purpose in this paper is to describe pedagogy that includes an experiential process for students to explore alternative mixes of debt and equity in the firm's capital structure and to observe the impact of their choices upon WACC and common stock price.The traditional approach to estimating the cost of invested capital is to compute a WACC using point estimates of each input (Keown, Martin, and Petty, 2011 ; Van Home and Wachowicz, 2001; and Welch, 2010). In reality however, there is uncertainty associated with these inputs. Some of the parameters in the WACC, such as the unlevered beta and market risk premium, are not known with certainty due to their stochastic nature or because they are not under the firm's control. These variable inputs can add to the variability of WACC results. An approach to estimating WACC that explicitly addresses this uncertainty is to identify and quantify the uncertainty in individual WACC parameter estimates, then describe the uncertainty around the expected WACC via Monte Carlo simulation. This paper describes use of both the traditional and Monte Carlo approaches as a means for students to (a) investigate and better understand the relationship between debt and equity in the capital structure, WACC, and firm value and (b) appreciate the impact on estimated WACC of uncertainty and variability in its components.The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: The next section describes the basic spreadsheet model as used by students. …


Abstract Two experiments were conducted using broiler chicks from one to 21 days (experiment 1) or to 28 days (experiment 2) of age to compare the nutritional value of high lysine, normal hybrid and sweet corn. Comparisons were made at varying dietary protein levels with the corns being substituted on an isonitrogenous basis within protein levels in corn-soybean meal diets. In experiment 1, only slight differences in performance of chicks fed high lysine or normal corn were observed at 14, 18 and 22% protein levels except that feed conversion at the 22% protein level was improved for chicks fed normal corn. For chicks fed sweet corn at the 22% protein level growth and feed conversion were significantly (P In experiment 2, at the optimal protein level (23%), chicks fed high lysine or normal corn performed similarly while at the suboptimal protein level (17%) growth rate of chicks fed normal corn was superior. Methionine supplementation significantly (P


We have performed thermal expansion and compressibility measurements on the recently discovered superconducting material ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}∙4x{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}(x\ensuremath{\approx}1∕3)$ using neutron powder diffraction over the temperature range 10\char21{}295 K and the pressure range 0\char21{}0.6 GPa. Pressure measurements were done in a helium-gas pressure cell. Both the thermal expansion and compressibility are very anisotropic, with the largest effects along the $c$ axis, as would be expected for a layered material with weak hydrogen bonding nominally along the $c$ axis. Near room temperature, the anisotropies of the thermal expansion and compressibility of the hexagonal crystal structure are nearly the same $[(\ensuremath{\Delta}c∕c)∕(\ensuremath{\Delta}a∕a)\ensuremath{\approx}3\text{\char21{}}4]$, with a 100 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C change in temperature being roughly equivalent to 0.2 GPa pressure. It might be then inferred that changes in atom position parameters are also the same, but this is not the case. While the effects of temperature on the atom positions are essentially what one might expect, the effects of pressure are surprising. With increasing pressure, the thickness of the $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ layer increases, due to the combined effects of an increasing Co-O bond length and changes in the O-Co-O angles of the $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ octahedra. We conclude that this unusual effect results from pressure-induced strengthening of the hydrogen bonding between the ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}{({\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O})}_{4x}$ layers and the $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ layers. The strengthening of these hydrogen bonds requires that charge be moved from elsewhere in the structure; hence, there is a pressure-induced charge redistribution that weakens (lengthens) the Co-O bonds and changes the electronic structure of the superconducting $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ layers.


Although vaccine-associated anaphylaxis is very rare, it is the most serious of adverse events. Pharmacists administering vaccinations must be adequately prepared to act should anaphylaxis occur within the community pharmacy setting.


: New design features and test methods are in development at NASA to take advantage of the newest high power and energy dense commercial Li-ion cell designs and to achieve passively thermal runaway (TR) propagation resistant (PPR) designs for manned missions requiring high power/voltage. The goal is to minimize the parasitic mass and volume of the battery components; thus reaching a balance between high battery specific power (W/kg) and energy (Wh/kg) as well as power (W/L) and energy density (Wh/L). Current 18650 cell designs achieve > 275 Wh/kg, > 725 Wh/L, but present high risks of side wall breaching during TR which can defeat many other safety features resulting in nearly immediate TR propagation. This work seeks to better understand the phenomena of cell side wall breaches and to determine the effectiveness of promising battery design features for achieving safe, high performing battery designs for high voltage/power applications.


Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized with poor bone quality and low bone mineral density. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is the imbalance of bone resorption and bone formation. Two strategies can be employed to cure osteoporosis. One is to inhibit bone resorption and the other is to stimulate bone formation. Currently, therapeutic drugs approved by FDA are mainly antiresorptive agents. Till now, there is only one bone anabolic agent approved. Obviously, more efforts should be poured into the development of bone anabolic agents. Sclerostin is a key negative regulator of osteoblast Wnt signaling making it a promising therapeutic target for bone anabolic therapy. Anti-sclerostin humanized monoclonal antibody romosozumab, which could effectively promote bone formation, has been accepted by the FDA for the review of biologic license application in 2017. However, there are several concerns about the humanized anti-sclerostin antibody, including immunogenicity, high cost of production and relative low stability. In 20 were select high and The inhibition potency of and 50 values of a great of to of to


By applying questionnaire and factor analysis the systematical structure of the physical education course, consisting of four factors was established. They are the target--drive factor, the content factor, the organization factor and the assessment factor. Meanwhile, the relationships among the factors in the system and their status were analyzed. The results showed that the contemporary students' cognitive skills of biological and educational functions of sport had come to a high level, but their cognitive skills of other functions of sport remained at a low level. The students' abilities to evaluate the contents, the organization and the assessment factors of the current physical education course were lower. The main reason should be that these four factors did not work compatibly. Thus, some measures regarding these problems were put forward.


My aim in this paper is to propose ways of overcoming obstacles to the development of a theory of violence that can bridge previously fragmented domains of inquiry. The solutions proposed are to (1) neutralize the definition of violence by (2) locating the phenomenon of violence within the conceptual framework of conflict such that (3) the same set of basic assumptions may be employed to analyze instances of violence exhibited by the powerful or the powerless-instances which vary in their degree of social acceptability. The assumptions presented move progressively from purported relations between 1) unequal distribution of resources, 2) asymmetric social relations, and 3) conflict-to the conditions that affect a transition from a) latent to manifest conflict, b) nonviolent to violent manifest conflict, and c) from normative to deviant violence. Conditions that limit the applicability of these assumptions are discussed, followed by illustrative applications of the approach to two forms of interpersonal violence-parental violence and differential rates of male and female violence. The phenomenon of violence cuts across numerous disciplines and fields of inquiry. The study of violence, therefore, tends toward a fragmented inquiry into this or that form of violence. There are specialists in criminal violence, collective violence, family violence, political violence, media violence, social control violence, self-inflicted violence, international violence, social change violence, and so on. Such fragmentation undermines the development of the motivation and the requisite expertise to build more general theoretical frameworks. The most serious fragmentation has occurred between explanations of "deviant" violence or violence that is socially defined as illegal, unacceptable or immoral (e.g., parents beating their child) and "normative" violence or violence that is socially defined as legal, acceptable or moral (e.g., parents spanking their child). My aim in this paper is to propose ways for us to overcome this fragmentation and other obstacles to the development of general theories of violence. The specific obstacles considered are (1) biased definitions of violence that have led to (2) the assumptions that "deviant" or socially disapproved violence is caused by some personal or social system deficit while "normative" or socially approved violence is caused by normal processes of conflict, change and control. I propose that we (1) neutralize the definition of violence so that its social definition is treated as a variable rather than a phenotype; and that we (2) locate the phenomenon of violence within the conceptual framework of conflict such that (3) one set of basic assumptions can orient analyses of all forms of social violence.


In databases and traditional paper documents, an index is often tightly coupled with the information resources being indexed. Digital libraries require a generalized notion of indexing that is suitable for distributed and heterogeneous collections. The main contribution of the generalization described in this paper is to introduce an additional intermediate layer between the navigational structure of the index and the information resources. This layer is populated by so called index elements providing decision support and access information concerning the underlying information resources. The generalized indexing concept provides a framework for the definition of generic services on indexes and their index elements. Different categories of services supporting the characteristics of the generalized concept are discussed in this paper with a special focus on the evolution of indexes, the personalization of indexes, and on cooperative work supported by indexes. As a concrete example for a cooperative service on index elements a tool for merging bibliographic index elements is introduced.


In view of the network application on the network storage requirements proposed, based on the B/B/S network storage management system concept. The system can network on each kind of heterogeneous storage server organic organization, to provide users with extensible virtual storage space. The network user can access to any network terminal the virtual storage space, save data and realize the application reads the automatic transfer.


In this modern age of manufacturing, dynamism in manufacturing calls for lower cost of production, faster delivery, higher quality and customer satisfaction. Therefore the need for instituting various appropriate techniques and strategies to streamline manufacturing processes has become paramount for managers. Bearing in mind this priority demands, techniques such as Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), Total Quality Management (TQM), Just-In-Time Manufacturing (JIT) and Synchronous Manufacturing have gained popularity in the recent past. TPM as maintenance strategy is a comprehensive strategy, hence integrating it with TQM makes the approach more versatile and flexible. The objectives of both TPM and TQM are both geared towards enhancing the availability and the presentation of equipment continuously as a means of achieving the maximum effective performance, as well as ensuring that producing quality products become a hallmark. This paper seeks to evaluate the significance of implementing total productive maintenance (TPM) in a total quality management (TQM) environment in the maintenance function of manufacturing. The study establishes that integrating TPM and TQM strategically over a period of time can contribute to significant increases in the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) of machines thereby contributing towards realistic gains in productivity and manufacturing performance enhancements.


Allison, Paul D., Richard Williams, and Enrique Moral-Benito. 2017. "Maximum Likelihood for Cross-lagged Panel Models with Fixed Effects." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 3:1–17. (Original DOI: 10.1177/2378023117710578) In this article, there is an error in the R code shown on pp. 15–16, such that the code displayed there produces noticeably different results from those of the other three packages. The authors have prepared a revised R code that does produce the right results, and have included it below as well as online at https://www3.nd.edu/~rwilliam/dynamic/lav_Socius.R.


The rubber seed is a semi-dried substance that does not contain any unusual fatty acid but is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids that make up more than 50% of its total fatty acid composition. The palm kernel oil is one of the most widely used of the lauric acid oil which contains a high level of saturated fatty acids such as lauric acid. The fruits are fleshy and elongated, egg-shaped and of a reddish colour The oils from the two seeds were extracted with hexane using the soxhlet extraction technique. These oils were later screened by determining their fatty acid and anti-oxidant vitamins by the use of GC-FID. The rubber seed oil had oleic-24.06mg/kg; linoleic-22.50mg/kg; linolenic-36.30mg/kg and palm kernel had:lauric-45.81mf/kg; myristic-18.23mg/kg; palmitic-6.94. In other words rubber seed oil was composed more of unsaturated fatty acids while the palm kernel oil was composed more of saturated fatty acids. The oils were also screened for anti-oxidant vitamins with a GC-FID, and were found to contain vitamin E and other vitamins which make them vital materials for industrial applications.


The small energy anomaly in the single-particle density of states of disordered interacting systems is studied for the zero-dimensional case. This anomaly interpolates between the nonperturbative Coulomb blockade and the perturbative limit, the latter being an extension of the Altshuler-Aronov zero-bias anomaly at d=0. Coupling of the zero-dimensional system to a dissipative environment leads to effective screening of the interaction and a modification of the density of states. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.


negative finding in rapid interphase FISH analysis of uncultured amniotic cells. Prenat Diagn 19: 892–893. Estabrooks LL, Hanna JS, Lamb AN. 1999. Overwhelming maternal cell contamination in amniotic fluid samples from patients with oligohydramnios can lead to false prenatal interphase FISH results. Prenat Diagn 19: 179–181. Liehr T, Starke H, Beensen V, et al. 1999. Translocation trisomy dup(21q) and free trisomy 21 can be distinguished by interphaseFISH. Int J Mol Med 3: 11–14.


FALL 2016 DISTINGUISHED SPEAKER
Antonis Katsiyannis, Ed.D.

Recent Trends in Litigation in Special Education
Date: October 4, 2016, 1:30 pm - 3:30pm
Location: Memorial Student Center room 1400

IDEA 2004 and Disciplining Students with Disabilities
Date: October 5, 2016 9:00am - 11:30am
Location: Memorial Student Center, Room 1400
*This event is exclusive to SPED faculty and students and those who have interests related to behavior and discipline in schools


The control of the quantum state of light has recently been sludied extensively, aiming at the achievement of ulua-IOW noire helow the shot noise limit. Scveral expcriments showed that amplitude squeezing could he achieved in constant-cumnt-driven semiconductor lasers. However, the generation of amplitude-squeezed light from distributed feedback semiconductor lasers (DFB) has been up to now considerably less successful than that from Fahry-Perm devices. Simulations indicate that DFB stmctures with high coupling coefficient length product Kl. are unlikely to be good sourccs of squeezed light, because of the evanescence of the optical fields alone the eratine 1 1 1 . The" also show. that for low KL values the lowest achievable I I I . . , intensity noise depends on the StructuIe of the laser diode and can be higher than expected from the laser quantum efficiency alone. In this letter, we demonstrate efficient amplitude squeezing from a 1.5 wm multiple quantum well DFB laser with KL value of 1.0 and differential quantum efficiency of 0.5 operating at room temperature. For a high pumping rate, the noise level of the laser decreased by 0.7 dB when going from high impedance constant current source to the shot-noise limited in~ection current. However, it IS found that the laser fluctuations in both biasing conditions exceed the shot noise level (SNL). The excess noise that degrades the squeezing i s also investigated by a spectral analysis using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer [Z], and it appears that under a wide range of operating conditions, most of this noise is associated with the presence of longitudinal side modes even if thc SMSR is high. Theoretical work shows that the weak inhomogeneous broadening results in an incomplete colrelation among the longitudinal mode powers and can lead to the loss of squeezing if the SMSR is insufficient. To enhance the SMSR. x ~ e set up an external cavity with wavelength-dependent feedback provided by a Lirtrowcanfigured grating. The SMSR of the laser is impmved by up to about one order of magnitude at "cry high pump lcvcl with this configuration and the amplitude noise thcn shows 0.7 dB of squeezing instead of being 2 dB above the S N L


Psychiatrists define folie a deux as communicated insanity; a rare psychotic disorder that may be transmitted from the sufferer to a person or persons closely related to him/her. The disorder is often described in the context of schizophrenia, but different varieties of folie a deux have been noted in other conditions. In criminology, the term is used in the framework of team killers and seldom involves false or delusional beliefs, but rather deviant behaviour shared by two. Examples of notorious folie a deux unions include Ian Brady and Myra Hindley, Fred and Rosemary West, Charles Ng and Leonard Lake, and Angelo Buono and Kenneth Bianchi. In fiction, folie a deux with a criminal intent appears in Truman Capote's In Cold Blood (1966), where a dominant leader unites with a passive follower to commit felonies. The novel, based on the real-life massacre of the Clutter family in Holcomb, Kansas in 1959, centres on the two men responsible for the carnage, Richard Eugene Hickock and Perry Edward Smith. Capote introduces the process that brings these two warped individuals together, the early stages of their friendship, their personalities, why they are attracted to each other, and how, over time, their relationship becomes more sinister. By exposing the inner workings of their criminal minds the author enters the domain of criminologists and psychologists who are only now beginning to understand the true dynamics behind couples that kill.


The decomposition of goethite and goethite/siderite concentrates into hematite with thermal modification was studied through the measurements of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The experimental results showed that goethite decomposed into hematite directly at around 300°C without any intermediate phase and the decomposition of siderite completed at 500°C. Nanoscale granular structures were observed in the thermally treated products. It deserves highlighting that the decomposition processes proceeded from surfaces into bulks.


Multi-cycle reduction/oxidization characteristics of oxygen carrier Fe2O3 were studied during the chemical looping combustion(CLC)of coal-straw-Fe2O3 mixtures in different blending ratios,with focus on the influence of ash content brought in by solid fuel on the reaction rate of chemical looping,and on the improvement effect of straw on the chemical looping reaction.Results show that the chemical looping reaction can be improved by increasing the mass ratio of oxygen carrier Fe2O3,when the initial reaction temperature is lowered;ash content plays a negative role in influencing the cycleability of the oxygen carrier Fe2O3;the addition of straw helps to improve the CLC property of coal,which results in both improved combustion reaction rate and increased regeneration reaction rate of the oxygen carrier.


The present project aims at examining the identity issues of the second generation of immigrants. We assume that, within a multiculturalist framework, the su cce sful integration of immigrants would involve the incorporation within individual identities a mosaic of selected elements of both the ancestral and mainstream cultures, a form of cultural blending. For children of immigrants, who grow up between two cultures, having to choose between the two is often challenging. On the one side is the prospect of being assimilated into the mainstream at the risk of losing what the ancestral culture has to offer, and on the other side is the lure of one's parents' way of life with the danger of being separated from the mainstream. Worse, some face the danger of being marginalized, of being neither here nor there. Against this background, the present project uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to study the dynamics of identity development among immigrant youth. Pilot studies have shown differing ways in which individual youth characterize themselves as Canadian, Canadian-Ethnic, Ethnic, or Ethnic-Canadian, depending on their degree of preference for ancestral or mainstream cultures. The investigation now under way seeks co-operation with various community organizations in approaching second generation immigrants (including adolescents who immigrate with their parents) from a variety of backgrounds for a deeper investigation of their relative attachment with their own "ethnic" traditions and the traditions of other Canadians. The study will also examine the levels of comfort or stress associated with differing styles of relating to differences in the cultural contexts of home, community, and the larger society.


The purpose of the designing application program of Web Based of Deciding Supprting System of Buying Car is to help the consumers in knowing and the chossing cars that have the criteria the consumers want. The application provides the information about new cars in the markets, the most wanted cars of web users, and cars accesories. This designing application program of Web Based of Deciding Supporting System of Buying Car uses method of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for weighted criteria. This program uses the programming language of PHP 4 for code program, Xampp as the web server, Macromedia Fireworks 8 for the display. Windows XP as the operating system, and microsoft SQL Sever 2000 for designing the datbase. The design results are directed to the users to have the most comprehensive advises provided by the designing application program af Web Based of Deciding Supporting System of Buying Car


To solve the problem that the localization accuracy of centroid algorithm depends heavily on the anchor density, an improved centroid algorithm based on possible position set is proposed. Firstly, the unknown node uses centroid algorithm to obtain a square region and then searches its possible position set in the square region. Finally, the centroid of all possible positions is the estimated coordinate of the unknown node. The introduction of possible position set fully utilizes the location information of anchors and reduces the localization error. Simulation results represent that our algorithm can provide higher localization accuracy than the centroid algorithm and the advanced centroid algorithm.


Homemade cross-flow membrane filtration apparatus was used for f il tration test of yellow rice wine at14℃.As for the ap-paratus with bore dia meter as0.18靘,the protein content and OD value dropped by17.3%and1 6.0%respectively and the content of total polyphenol dropped slightly.On t he other hand,the non-biological stability of the wine improved evidently and the physio-chemical indexes were in accord with the standard requirements and t he traditional flavor of the wine remained unchanged.(Tran.by YUE Yang)


FIELD: computer equipment. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the computer equipment. System for detecting potentially dangerous devices among devices through which a user interacts with banking services contains a collection facility for collecting user device fingerprints; collecting data on potentially dangerous states of user devices; threat level calculation tool designed to calculate the threat levels of user devices; creating clusters of devices based on the characteristics of the device obtained when collecting device prints; calculating threat levels of created clusters of user devices; analysis tool designed to identify potentially dangerous devices. EFFECT: technical result is to ensure the security of user interaction with banking services by identifying potentially dangerous devices when the user interacts with banking services. 10 cl, 3 dwg


2021 Background: XK is a member of the quinoxaline family of antitumor agents. COMPARE analysis of cytotoxicity data from the NCI-60 cell line screen showed that its mechanism of action is not comparable to that of any marketed cytotoxic agent. In vitro studies suggest that the antitumor activity of XK may be due to inhibition of topoisomerase IIβ, induction of G2-M cell cycle arrest by p53-dependent and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, and/or pro-apoptotic interactions with the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor. Methods: XK was administered as a 30-minute intravenous infusion for 5 days at 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg/d and every other day for 3 doses at 360, 540, 675, 850, 1100, and 1400 mg/d, repeated every 21 days. The dosing schedule was changed when pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis revealed a long half-life. Results: To date 42 pts (21 male/21 female, median age 60, median Karnofsky performance status 90%) have been treated at 11 dose levels. The principle site of toxicity has been bone...


Address for correspondence Ram Lakhan, DrPH, Department of Health and Human Performance, Berea College, Berea, KY 40404, United States (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com). DOI https://doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0040-1713574 ISSN 0976-3147. ©2020 Association for Helping Neurosurgical Sick People I have read the letter to the editor "Healing Preferences among Tribal Patients with Mental Illness in India" with great interest.1 Healing preferences for mental illness among tribal people is a poorly researched subject. Authors have found that 36% of tribal people approach traditional healers, 28% do not consult any type of healers or professionals including traditional healers and medical professionals, and 64% do not consult medical professionals on the onset of mental illness. The research provides two directional messages, indicating that a large percentage of tribal people prefer traditional healing over treatment from medical professionals. These findings are very crucial to understanding the pathways of care for mental illness among tribal people. It would be of great significance to science if the researchers had collected information about their entire journey, from the onset of the problem to the decision to reach medical professionals for the healing of their mental health issues. The reasons for preferring traditional healing are widely understood in mental health.2 Studies have reported that up to 88% of people with mental illness in lowand middleincome countries consider traditional healing as their first point of care. A large percentage also consider traditional healing in combination with Western medical care as their first point of care.3 It is, however, novel information that a larger percentage of tribal people do not prefer to approach medical professionals. Preferences toward traditional healing could be due to multiple sociodemographic factors experienced by rural Indians, including a lack of awareness, lack of resources, physical inaccessibility, unavailability of services, biased approaches of medical professionals, inherited perception toward mental illness, and a lack of successful examples of medical care in communities.4,5 However, the question of what the main reasons responsible for not preferring medical professionals for mental healthcare in tribal India are remains unanswered. Recent studies have reported that a majority of people believe in traditional healing in India and think that people should approach traditional healers first.6,7 A widespread, favorable perception toward traditional healing for mental illness in India may likely be a factor that builds opposing attitudes toward Western medical care for treating mental illness among tribal people. People doubt these healers as they do not provide clear explanations for the problem and its prognosis.7 Researchers should look deeper into understanding the perceptual and attitudinal factors toward pathways of mental healthcare among tribal people.


Abstract : This report documents the clinical and laboratory activities of the US Army Institute of Surgical Research during the fiscal year 1980. These activities include patient care, clinical investigation, and laboratory research in the areas of burn injury and general trauma. Special emphasis is placed on the clinical management of burned patients and on studies related to prevention and treatment of burned wound infection. (Author)


New excavations at Grotte des Contrebandiers, Temara, Morocco, have uncovered a micromammal fauna from Pleistocene levels of the cave comprising at least three rodent genera: Meriones, Gerbillus and Mus. This paper presents a preliminary systematic account of the rodents. Taphonomically, the assemblage is unusual for preserving micromammals in relatively low abundance compared with other, nearby cave sites of similar age.


Several California calf ranches have utilized intraperitoneal (IP) administration of electrolyte solutions to dehydrated calves with favorable clinical response in most patients. Calf ranch records were inadequate, however, to evaluate medium and long term effects of IP treatment, and comparison with IV administration was not made. Objectives of this study were to: 1) compare weight gain to 28 days post-treatment, 2) compare rates of survival to 60 days post-treatment, 3) evaluate pathologic changes to peritoneal surfaces and 4) determine primary cause of death in calves treated with fluids administered by IV or IP routes.
Fifty-five male, Holstein calves, 1 to 16 days of age were used in this trial. Study calves were randomly assigned to treatment with a commercial electrolyte solution by the intravenous route (IV, N=27) or the intraperitoneal (IP, N=28) route of administration. Calves were weighed on day 28 posttreatment and monitored daily for 60 days after treatment. All study calves that died during this period were submitted for a complete post-mortem evaluation.
Weight increase at 28 days post-treatment was .9 kg greater in the IV group, and four more IV treated calves survived to 60 days post-treatment as compared to IP treated calves. Statistical analysis of weight gains and survival rate showed no difference between treatments. Gross and histopathologic changes to the peritoneum at necropsy were similar between IV and IP treated calves. Some differences in the primary cause of death were noted between groups.
In conclusion, this study showed no significant differences in weight gain to 28 days post-treatment, in survival to 60 days post-treatment, and in changes to the peritoneum in calves treated with fluids by either intravenous or intraperitoneal routes.


Background : Factors of education and knowledge mothers of toddl e rs can influence nutritional status. One effort to improve nutritional status is to increase knowledge about nutrition with nutrition counseling. Knowledge can be influenced by education, people who are highly educated will have broader knowledge and have openness to accept new things. While people with low education tend to have old thinking patterns and are less open to new things including a strong area of customs and traditional. One of the ways to influence the mindset of community with these condition is to use a communication facilitator who is believed to be a role model for the community. So, in this reseach the role of cultural figure was used, so that people receive more material. Objective s : Knowing the influence of  educatuin by cultural figure on knowledge of mothers of toddlers about balance nutritional massages. Methods : This Research is pre-experimental study. Which allows testing of changes that occur after the intervention. This research design was used one grup pretest-posttest design. Results : there is an increase in knowledge in the form of difference in scores from pretest to posttest. Based on the result of the analysis using wilcoxon, the influence of education by cultural figure on the knowledge of mothers of toddlers about balance nutritional massages obtained  p=0.00  atau p<0.05 meaning there is influence. Conclusion : There is the influence of education by cultural figure on knowledge of mothers of toddlers about balanced nutrition massages.


to tolerate surgical manipulation. He was then preoxygenated and anesthesia was induced with propofol followed by atracurium for tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was then maintained with nitrous oxide in oxygen and bolus doses of propofol. His intraoperative and postoperative course was uneventful. He was observed for 24 h and discharged without sequelae. Dogma has it that we use a balanced nitrous oxide/ narcotic anesthetic for patients at risk for MH. One could avoid the delayed emergence often associated with this technique for short surgical procedures by using a drug such as propofol. This case confirms the suggestion based on animal experiments (1) that propofol is safe to use in MH-susceptible patients and offers a valuable alternative in the anesthetic management of these patients.


Plants are an significant source of natural antioxidants that counter oxidative stress induced by an increase in free radicals / ROS such as superoxide O2− anion, hydroxyl radical HO− and peroxide as well1. The phytoconstituents research of these bioactive compounds in a plant is therefore of paramount importance, resulting to further biological and pharmacological studies. This study can be presented to develop herbal medicines that require the isolation of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants2. In recent research advances around the world the properties of medicinal plants have been studied because of no side effects, safety in contrast to the synthetics that are unsafe to human and environment. As a result people are more favourable to use natural compounds obtained from plants. It is great interest for scientists to focus on the search of biologically active compounds from plants as a natural source of useful drugs against infectious diseases3. Biological studies of herbal products (active ingredient) may be due to a variety of chemical components including flavonoids, phenolics, glycosides, anthocyanins, tannins, etc.4. Natural products are considered a drug source for several years, and have been chosen to interact with biological studies as a target5. The bioactive constituents in plant Phenolic compounds (PCs) for example, flavonoids are greater antioxidant activity6. Several studies have shown that many plants are rich source of antioxidants. One of these plants is S. grantii (Ephorbiaceae) that a plant species which belongs to a small genus of about 15 species. Plants from this genus for example (S. umbellatum, S. glaucescens, S.compactum, S.claycinum ) have different biological activities as anti-ulcer activity7, antiasthmatic effect8, antitumoral and anti-angiogenic effects9, antinoceptive anti-inflammatory, anti-plasmodial activity10. The aim of this work is to study the antioxidant activity of the isolated pure compounds from MeOH-H2O extract (70:30) of S. grantii for the first time.


The article describes participation in paid work among Finnish Roma, based on data gathered by face-to-face interviews for the Finnish Roma Participation and Well-being Study (n = 234). We wanted to assess the relevance of some explanatory factors for the low paid work rate of the Roma, found in countries with a significant Roma minority, in the light of new material from Finland where the Roma minority is small and rather homogeneous. No earlier studies on their participation in paid work in Finland exist.The research shows the importance of education to finding paid employment, in compliance with earlier international results. Adherence to Roma culture, too, seems to cause problems to participation in paid employment. We were been able to assess discrimination at recruitment, obviously the key phase for successful or unsuccessful integration of the Roma in the Finnish labour market. Unlike in many countries, in Finland there was no significant difference in the paid employment rate of Roma men and women.


This thesis investigates depictions of male dismemberment at Anglo and Native American contact sites in the tales of Edgar Allan Poe. It argues for Poe's subscription to a traditional theology that posits Neoplatonic concepts of the soul as mandatory for the constitution of rational humanity, and contends that he looks critically from this perspective at the contingency of national citizenship on property ownership in Jacksonian America. This investigation therefore involves an analysis of the link between property and national subjectivity, with emphasis on the recurrent trope in contemporary literature of the male body dismembered by 'Indian warfare', and how this body represents early America's uncertain claim to its national territory and, by extension, the constituting condition of property. This thesis also assesses epistemological and religious formations in Poe's fiction. Poe's tales often express a theological anxiety, with tensions created as the knowledge systems that define Poe's subjectivities subordinate spirituality to empirical mensuration and representation. Dramatizing this shift from teleology to epistemology and its disarticulating effect on the self are Poe's 'married women' stories. Keeping in mind links between soteriological paradigms and identity construction, methodologies are partially organized around Poe's presentation of women in his essays and tales, with particular emphasis on 'The Poetic Principle' and 'Berenice'. The interpretive apparatus gained by historical contextualization and the assessment of Poe's epistemological and religious formations is then mobilized towards reading the disarticulate male body as a nexus of Poe's concerns about property ownership, epistemology and theology, and analyzing his tales pertaining to colonial contact, particularly: 'The Masque of the Red Death', 'Morning on the Wissahiccon', 'The Man That Was Used Up', 'The Journal of Julius Rodman', and The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket.


Current on-board chips usually have different computing power, which means multiple training processes are needed for adapting the same learning-based algorithm to different chips, costing huge computing resources. The situation becomes even worse for 3D perception methods with large models. Previous vision-centric 3D perception approaches are trained with regular grid-represented feature maps of fixed resolutions, which is not applicable to adapt to other grid scales, limiting wider deployment. In this paper, we leverage the Polar representation when constructing the BEV feature map from images in order to achieve the goal of training once for multiple deployments. Specifically, the feature along rays in Polar space can be easily adaptively sampled and projected to the feature in Cartesian space with arbitrary resolutions. To further improve the adaptation capability, we make multi-scale contextual information interact with each other to enhance the feature representation. Experiments on a large-scale autonomous driving dataset show that our method outperforms others as for the good property of one training for multiple deployments.


We examine the heterogeneous effects of globalization on the interest rate setting by microfinance institutions (MFIs) around the world. We consider MFIs as a mechanism to overcome the institutional void of credit for small entrepreneurs in developing and emerging economies. Using a large global panel of MFIs from 119 countries, we find that social globalization that embraces egalitarian institutions on average reduces MFIs' interest rates. In contrast, economic globalization that embraces neoliberal institutions on average increases MFIs' interest rates. Moreover, the proportions of female borrowers and of poorer borrowers negatively moderate the relationship between social globalization and MFI interest rate, and positively moderate the relationship between economic globalization and MFI interest rate. This paper contributes to understanding how globalization processes can both ameliorate and exacerbate challenges of institutional voids in emerging and developing economies.


-The increasing formation of glacial lakes and their expansion in recent years increases the risk of alluviums due to glacial lakes outburst floods in high tropical mountains, such as the one that destroyed part of the city of Huaraz in 1941 in the Cordillera Blanca, of the central Andes of Peru. Given the danger faced by the more than 130,000 people who inhabit the alluvial fan of Quilcay River, were analyzed the interannual variation of the surface of the Palcacocha Lake, the glacial surface of its micro-basin and the variation of the surrounding climate between the years 1984 and 2022, to determine the relationships that would exist between these variables, as an indicator of the risk of flooding due to overflow of the lake. For this, the surface of the lakes and the area of the glacier were calculated with multispectral Landsat images and compared with the result of the processing of meteorological data from the Recuay, Milpo, and Anta stations, using the data obtained from the Google Earth Engine application and data reported in bibliographic sources, for validation. A period of strong expansion of the lake was found until 2012 and a trend of loss of glacier surface; in addition, to a strong relationship between the expansion of the Palcacocha lake and the annual increase in global mean temperature. Likewise, a strong El Niño-Southern Oscillation event led to the growth of Lake Palcacocha due to increased rainfall and greater glacier retreat.


Based on learning and engagement theory, this paper provides evidence of sustained (a) observed in-class participation / interaction skills (cognitive), emotional (affective), and performance physical (behavioral) engagement among competing simulation team members. In-class engagement measures monitored include observed levels of increased attendance, in-class focus and energy, relevant questions raised, discussion quality, decision support package usage, end-of-period scaffolding, initial, intermediate, and final debriefing.  Out-of-class engagement measures include two-way communication, bi-weekly online decision entry, results retrieval, and graphics package usage, weekly writing assignments, individual report, team presentation, server log statistics of daily, weekly, and semester team activity, website tracking, and online survey responses.


The forty-one volumes of section transactions contain but six papers on the relationship of defects of the visual system to the psychoneuroses, and two of them were presented by guests who were not ophthalmologists. Fourteen other papers give incidental attention to asthenopia. The subject has been neglected to the detriment of physician and patient alike. It is my purpose in this paper to define asthenopia, to distinguish it from simple eyestrain, to identify it as a psychoneurosis and to establish it as a medical responsibility. Its management requires a searching history, a thorough examination and a working knowledge of the psychoneuroses. STATEMENT All students at the State University of Iowa who had been referred by the department of student health to the eye clinic during the second and third months of the first semester of the school year 1931-1932 were listed consecutively. The clinical records that dealt with completed refractions


In GPS/INS integration, the ultra-tightly coupled approach involves the integration of I (in-phase) and Q (quadrature) components from the correlator of a GPS receiver with the INS data. The principal advantages of the Ultra Tightly Couple (UTC) structure is that a Doppler frequency derived from the INS is integrated with the tracking loops to improve the receiver tracking capability. The Doppler frequency shift is calculated and fed to the GPS tracking loops for elimination of the effect of stochastic errors caused by the Doppler frequency. The navigation information from INS can be converted into the Doppler information, which can be integrated with the GPS tracking loops to mitigate the Doppler on the GPS signal, resulting in the threshold improvement, thereby improving the overall system performance. An algorithm for bridging GPS outages using the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for providing better prediction of Doppler residual between GPS and prediction in order to maintain regular operation of the navigation system. The results demonstrate that the UTC with the assist of neural network can effectively improve the system robustness during GPS outages.


This book explores how rural gender relations are changing in a globalising world that fundamentally impacts on the structure of agricultural life in rural areas and urban-rural relations.


We present a high-speed ferroelectric liquid crystal based imaging polarimeter. It can evaluate the first three Stokes parameters. Contrary to previous high-speed systems, it only uses a single liquid crystal cell, driven in an optimized way in order to produce a tunable rotation of polarization. Its characterization is presented, as well as its integration in a portable implementation working at 633 nm. Preliminary results are provided.


We use single crystal 63Cu NMR techniques to revisit the early 63Cu NQR signature of charge order observed for La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 (Tc = 4 K) [A. W. Hunt et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4300 (1999)]. W...


Abstract This paper describes the methodological concept for application of physical habitat models to restoration planning at a whole river scale. The design proposed here builds upon the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology but is focused at the need for managing large-scale habitats and river systems. It modifies the data acquisition technique and analytical resolution of standard approaches, changing the scale of physical parameters and biological response assessment from micro- to meso-scale. In terms of technological process, a highly detailed microhabitat survey of a few, short sampling sites would be replaced by mesohabitat mapping of whole-river sections. As with more traditional stream habitat models, the variation in the spatial distribution and amount of mesohabitats can provide key information on habitat quality changes corresponding to alterations in flow, channel changes, and stream improvement measures. However, the scale of simulations more closely matches restoration and system analyses...


Nb2CTx is an important member of MXene family. It has attracted widespread attention because of its abundant functional groups, high hydrophilicity, high electrical conductivity as well as low ion transport barrier, showing great potential in various applications. In order to utilize the advantages of Nb2CTx MXene, the progress of preparation, properties and applications are reviewed in this work. This work focuses on different methods of Nb2CTx preparation and applications in electrochemical energy storage (supercapacitors and secondary batteries), electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, sensors, etc. Additionally, the main problems of self-stacking and prospect of Nb2CTx MXene are discussed.


3-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazole, which is the key intermediate of cyclic imide type compounds such as EK 5439 and S-275 series, were practically synthesized by the procedure of hydrolysis of by-products and were produced in the reaction of 2-(2-fluoro-4-chloro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydroindazol-3-one with phosgene.


The effectiveness of Songling pellet herbicide(1% content) which was found to maintain over 2 years was applied in tending of young stand , The tending cost was reduced about 50% compared with artificial tending.


This paper is used by the combined test technology of resistivity composite profile and high-density resistivity method. Regard Daiyuling the first tunnel engineering geology survey work area as a test site. Different physical parameters such as resistivity composite profile curve of transverse sectionⅠ~Ⅳ line and vertical profile and measured, fitting apparent resistivity quasi section measured by high-density resistivity method reflect geological phenomenon. Through mutual contrast verification, improve the accuracy and reliability of survey results. Provide necessary geophysical basis for engineering geological exploration.


PURPOSE
As stereotactic treatment modalities grow towards becoming the standard of care, the need for accurate dose computation in small fields is becoming increasingly essential. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the response of different detectors, intended for small field dosimetry, in jaw defined small rectangular fields by analyzing output factors from a stereotactic clinical accelerator.

METHODS
Two Dosimeters, the Exradin A26 Microionization Chamber (Standard Imaging) and Edge Diode Detector (Sun Nuclear) were used to measure output factors taken on the Varian Edge Stereotactic Linear accelerator. Measurements were taken at 6MV and 6FFF at 10cm depth, 100cm SSD in a 48×48×40cm3 Welhoffer BluePhantom2 (IBA) with X and Y jaws set from 0.6 to 2.0cm. Output factors were normalized to a 5×5cm2 machine-specific reference field. Measurements were made in the vertical orientation for the A26 and horizontal orientation for both the A26 and Edge. Output factors were measured as: OFFS = MFS /Mref where MFS and Mref are the measured signals for the clinical field and the reference field, respectively. Measured output factors were then analyzed to establish relative responses of the detectors in small fields.

RESULTS
At 6MV the Edge detector exhibited a variation in output factors dependent on jaw positioning (X-by-Y vs Y-by-X) of 5.7% of the 5×5cm reference output and a variation of 3.33% at 6FFF. The A26 exhibited variation of output factor dependent on jaw positioning of upto 7.7% of the 5×5cm reference field at 6MV and upto 5.33% at 6FFF.

CONCLUSION
Both the Edge detector and A26 responded as expected at small fields however a dependence on the jaw positioning was noted. At 6MV and 6FFF the detector response showed an increased dependence on the positioning of the X jaws as compared to the positioning of the Y jaws.


Aiming at a class of nonlinear dynamic systems subjected to external disturbances and actuator faults, the sliding mode fault tolerant control is proposed. Firstly, a novel adaptive observer is proposed to estimate the state and fault signal simultaneously. Secondly, in accordance with the on line estimation information, the sliding mode fault tolerant control scheme is designed to compensate the actuator faults and external disturbances. Finally, the numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


IT alignment in public organisations is considered to be one of the missing pieces in the otherwise rich research area in the IS domain. Researchers also criticise the lack of studies addressing practical issues related to IT alignment, particularly in public organisations. One such area of concern is the contradictory findings of prior studies on the role of formal and informal organisations on IT alignment. A case study was conducted in one public organisation to establish the influence of different forms of organisational structure on IT alignment. A theoretical model was proposed based on a previous study and literature, which is then tested with data collected from a survey among 163 IT and administrative personnel in a Swedish public organisation. The results suggest that centralised organisational structure as well as the two forms of informal organisational structures—interpersonal relationships and cross-departmental relationships influence IT alignment. However, the influence of professional networks on IT alignment is not significant. The findings are important for researchers and practitioners in public organisations.


Impurity content and copper grade are the important factors in distinguishing cathode copper quality.So how to standardize sampling and analyzing is the key point during cathode trading.It introduces a new automated punch system,which developed by Moumt ISA Mine Townsville Copper Refinery Ltd., Australia.It can provide representative sample of cathode copper and accurate analysis results(ppb) combining with glow discharge mass spectrum.So it can meet both manufacturer and customers' requirements.Comparing with other technologies,this system is worthy of being popularized.


Post collision interaction effect on the magnitude of the He(e,2e)He* direct and resonant amplitudes as a function of electron ejection angle has been considered. Calculated values are found in good agreement with the extracted experimental data. It is shown that the 3-body Coulomb interaction in final state may give a considerable contribution to the direct cross section, but a small account to the resonant cross section.


Taking a cigarette factory as an example, this paper uses the method combining the WSR methodology in systems science with the cause and effect diagram in quality management to systematically analyze the factors affecting the cigarette quality from the aspects of Wuli-Shili-Renli, and finds out the main factors that affect the cigarette quality, then gives the cause and effect diagram that improves the cigarette quality. It points out that the key factor to improve the cigarette quality is to put the technology of SPC (Statistical Process Control), especially the technology of the control chart into the real-time control of the production process. Finally some effective suggestions to improve the quality of cigarette are put forward from the system point of view.


A mechanism for the upconversion of 1.06‐μm radiation to 0.873 μm in LaCl3 : Nd is described. The 1.06‐μm radiation is absorbed by 4I13/2→4F7/2, 2S3/2 transitions and 0.873‐μm radiation is emitted by 2S3/2, 4F7/2→4I11/2 transitions of the Nd3+ ions. The temperature dependence of the intensity response is a function of (a) the population density of the 4I13/2 level at high temperatures, (b) the trap density of the 4I11/2 level at low temperatures, and (c) the quantum efficiency of radiative transitions from the A level. The multiphonon transitions from the populated A level reduce the radiative transitions to zero at approximately 365 °K, whereas the multiphonon transitions do not appreciably affect the radiative transitions at lower temperatures. By postulating that electrons are thermally present in the ground state of the Nd3+ ions of the LaCl3 : Nd prepared by vapor chemical deposition, the model is in agreement with experimental data.


A proton therapy facility is proposed at the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). The facility will use proton beams from the SSC Linac. The SSC Linac can provide discrete intermediate energies of 70, 110, 157, 210, 268, and 329 MeV by drifting the beam in the high-energy end of the Linac, which is not exited with rf power. 250 MeV is expected to be the maximum energy needed for therapy. This paper summarizes beam dynamics studies for different energies.<<ETX>>


This paper describes a tip made of Pyrex glass to be used in a gas-absorption pipette to divide the stream of gas into small bubbles in order to obtain a large surface of contact with liquid reagents. The tip is made by sealing a number of fine copper wires, radiating from a center in a definite pattern, between a cone form ed on the end of a glass tube and a circular glass disk. After the glass parts are sealed together and ground to expose the ends of the wires, the wires are dissolved in warm nitric acid. Drawings which illustrate the method of making the tips are included. The tips are very sturdy and at moderate pressures furnish small bubbles of uniform size and distribution. Tms paper describes a tip used for dividing a gas stream into bubbles for the washing of gases or for their absorption in liquid reagents. The tip was developed primarily for the absorption of oxygen in an alkaline solution of potassium pyrogallate in an Orsat apparatus. It is, of course, adaptable to other reagents and to other forms of apparatus. Each unit of the Orsat apparatus for wmch the tip was designed was made of Pyrex glass a,nd sealed directly together to avoid rubber connections. 1 The extent to which absorption is accelerated by dividing the gas stream passing through the reagent into small bubbles wmch offer a large surface of contact has been discussed in connection with two gas-absorption pipettes previously described. The gas entering the inlet tube of these pipettes is divided into small bubbles by passage through either a platinum disk drilled with several hundred orifices, 0.06 mm in diameter,2 or through a porous Jena glass thimble. 3 Other types of porous or perforated disks have also been used to some extent, particularly in wash bottles. The absorption pipette described in tms paper is shown in figure 1. The dimensions of all drawings are given in millimeters. The front and top views of the assembled distributor tip are shown in figure 2, A and B, respectively. At the left, in figure 2, are shown crosssectional views of the parts 0, D, and E, from wmch the tip is made and the top view of the copper spider, F, which is sealed between 0 and E at D. A thin copper disk, G, may be substituted for F, if desired. The spider, F, constructed of small copper wires, as is described later, or the thin copper disk, G, serve as temporary spacers which are later dissolved in mtric acid to leave channels of like shape in the glass. After E is sealed to 0 the outer ends of the wires forming 1 For a discussion of errors caused by such connections, see, J . R. Branham, Errors in gas analysis arising from 108s oJ gas by .olution in rubber connections and 8topcock lubricant, BS J . Research 12, 353 (1934) RP661. 'Martin Shepherd, A gas anaWsis pipetteJor difficuU absorption8. BS J . Research 4, 747 (1930) RP177. 'Martin Shepherd, Fish·Schurman Catalogue, p. 18.


We have proposed a photoplethysmography (PPG)-based heart rate sensor which is equipped with a normal PPG sensor and a motion artifact sensor to be able to cancel motion artifact induced during exercise. It has two critical design parameters such as the height of the motion artifact sensor and the distance between the motion artifact sensor and the normal PPG sensor. This paper tries to determine the two parameters by experiments with a subject.