IP address lookup engine is the beating heart of a router. For meeting the requirements of a desirable high-speed router, speed, memory consumption, scalability, and reconfigurability of its IP lookup engine are critical. This paper uses a genetic-algorithm approach to optimise the structure of fixed-stride multibit-trie IP lookup methods. In this work, the genetic algorithm is used first in the design phase as an offline optimisation mechanism. This nature-inspired simulation finds the most memory-efficient configuration of IP address segmentation for a fixed number of address segments. Then, for adapting to network variations, the proposed method dynamically changes the number of address segments to compromise between speed and memory consumption. Each time the number of segments changes, an online genetic program is run to optimise the segmentation. Therefore, the lookup engine reconfigures itself to cover more prefixes during the time. The reconfigurability in response to the network variations, and s...


2263 as outside of the PICU? Considerations for improving this transition include using a complex care coordinator in the intensive care unit to manage these varying complexities and assist with appropriate reinitiation of outpatient medications and care, planning of subsequent procedures, and cohorting future tests and follow-up care. The transition from critical care and acute care can be challenging in these children and paying specific attention to this transition from acute illness to chronic condition is something that benefits from focused coordination. By proving the significant impact this population has on prevalence, overall length of stay, and mortality, the authors of this article have laid the needed groundwork for future research aimed at optimizing the care and attention toward patients with CCC. William E. Cagle, MD Division of Critical Care Medicine Children's National Medical Center Washington, DC


In this paper voltage and frequency control of islanded microgrid after intentional and unintentional switching events are investigated. The weak low voltage (LV) network based microgrid consists of two inverter based distributed generation (DG) units. One unit is a storage (battery) unit and the other is a photovoltaic (PV) cell. In this case the battery inverter with rapid response is considered to act as a master and it has the main responsibility to control the voltage and frequency in microgrid when islanded from the main distribution network. The studies are performed on a PSCAD simulation software package. Simulation studies show the voltage - active power and frequency - reactive power dependency in weak LV network. The studies also show that in order to maintain frequency balance in islanded microgrid, there is need for a reference sine wave generator inside master unit which imitates the main network phase voltages and gives the input for master units' (battery storage) PLL (phase locked loop) during islanding


A hydraulic or pneumatic object of the present invention consisting of a tube and a composite polyamide resin that includes device: (A) 70 to 97% by weight, based on the weight of the resin composition of polyamide, polyamide resin and (B) 3 to 30% based on the weight of polyamide resin composition, of a plasticizer comprising an ester of at least one hydroxybenzoic acid and p- hydroxybenzoic acid o- with an aliphatic alcohol C12 - C22 having a branched chain and a component consisting of a rubber compound in which the main component is the polar rubber.


The one-dimensional discrete ordinates code ANISN was adapted to transport low energy (a few MeV) electrons. Calculated results obtained with ANISN were compared with experimental data for transmitted electron energy and angular distribution data for electrons normally incident on aluminum slabs of various thicknesses. The calculated and experimental results are in good agreement for a thin slab (0.2 of the electron range), but not for the thicker slabs (0.6 of the electron range). Calculated results obtained with ANISN were also compared with results obtained using Monte Carlo methods.


Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations indicate that AuF might be synthesized at 22.6 GPa from AuF3 and Au (1 : 2), and subsequently quenched down to at least 5 GPa in the Cmcm (bent chain) structure.


The acute toxicity of Cd Cl2 on Anadara subcrenata as well as its SOD activity and total antioxidative competence have been studied under experimental conditions. The result showed that the LC50 of cadmium exposed to Anadara subcrenata for 24,48,72 and 96 hours were 24.88,14.52,10.54 and 6.20 mg/L,respectively. With the increase of exposure time,the LC50 value decreased gradually,which indicated that the acute toxicity of Cd Cl2 on Anadara subcrenata increased with the increase of exposure time,and Anadara subcrenata would face lethal risk after being exposed to low concentration Cd Cl2 solution for a long time or to high concentration Cd Cl2 solution for a short time. The SOD activity and TAOC value were measured after Anadara subcrenata being exposured to different concentrations(100,μg/L,500,μg/L)of cadmium separately for 9 days and then recovered in clean water. The results showed that the SOD activity and TAOC were induced. The SOD activity reached the maximum at the 9th day,the induction rates of TAOC reached the peak value after 7 days contamination and then declined. The SOD activity fell after Anadara subcrenata was transferred to clean water,but the difference of TAOC was not significant,which indicated that Anadara subcrenata cannot recover from the stress effects of Cd2+ in a short time.


The interaction of the solar wind with the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) forms the boundaries of the heliosphere. A strong asymmetry of the heliosphere was found both directly by the Voyager probes and indirectly from measurements of the deflection of neutral hydrogen. The most likely source of this asymmetry is from the interstellar magnetic field, the properties of which are highly unconstrained. Energetic neutral atom (ENA) images will provide an additional method to view the heliosphere and infer the interstellar magnetic field. This paper investigates the imprint of the interstellar magnetic field on simulated energetic neutral atom all-sky maps. We show that a significant source of 0.5–1 keV ENAs may originate from the outside of the heliopause, if a strong suprathermal population exists in the VLISM. In simulations, a strong outer heliosheath ENA feature appears near the nose of the heliosphere. A weaker, complementary feature is also present consisting entirely of inner heliosheath ENAs. From this feature the direction of the interstellar magnetic field can be easily inferred.


The author makes a research on different development periods of management accounting from its contents and methods.Then the paper analyzes the important function of management accounting.


This report is a compilation of selected articles, books, and executive agency and congressional publications on Medicare and Medicaid
reimbursement, primarily to health facilities and physicians.


In spite of having the knowledge, natural advantages and national enthusiasm within an industry, it is never without the issues of current economic climate. This paper looks at the buying and selling of NZ horses, what methods are used and times of crisis.


This paper summarizes the current status of research and development on ceramic cathode materials used in intermediate temperature SOFCs,and the main problems existing in recent applications are also included.These ceramic materials include A2Ru2O7-s,Ag-YDB(Y2O3 doped Bi2O3) and perovskite-type LSCF ceramics.


This paper aims at the situations that most trucks air Conditioners are controlled manually,designs an air conditioner controller,and introduces the function,principle and design scheme of the controller and software programming rules,meanwhile an anti-disturbance technique of the controller is briefly introduced.It works well through practical experiments and greatly improves the satisfaction of users.


6 The coherent and monochromatic x-ray beams available at the synchrotron radiation (SR) laboratories are ideal tools for 7 the development and the initial application of new imaging techniques. In the present paper the history of the clinical studies 8 in k-edge subtraction imaging with SR is summarized, including coronary angiography and bronchography. The results of 9 the recent trial in phase-contrast mammography at Elettra (Trieste, Italy) are discussed, in order to assess the clinical impact 10 of the new imaging modality and the potential interest in its translation to clinical practice. The direct measurement of linear 11 attenuation coefficient obtained during the SR mammography trial is also discussed. 12 The new program of phase-contrast breast CT under development at Elettra is presented. Recently, 3D breast imaging 13 (tomosynthesis and cone beam breast CT) has been introduced in clinical practice with significant improvement in 14 diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this research is to study the contribution of the phase-contrast to the image quality of breast 15 CT, is introduced. 16 Increasing the image quality of the x-ray medical images at the level of the results obtained at the SR laboratories is 17 highly desirable, hence the promising techniques for the translation of the phase-contrast imaging to the hospitals are briefly 18


This paper examines return and volatility spillovers between the Turkish stock market with international stock, exchange rate and commodity markets. Our aim is not only to examine spillover behaviour with a large emerging market but also to examine cross—asset spillovers and how they vary across two periods of financial market crisis; the dotcom crash and the liquidity-induced financial crisis. This is to be compared with existing work that typically focuses on industrialised countries or single asset markets only. Using the spillover index methodology we uncover an interesting distinction between these two periods of markets stress. Over the dotcom period spillovers are largely between the same asset class, notably two exchange rate series and two international stock markets series. However, in the period including the financial crisis, spillovers both increase and cross asset types and suggest a much greater degree of market interdependence. Understanding this changing nature in spillovers is key for investors, regulators and academics involved in theoretical model development.


Kelly Balistreri, Advisor Prior research finds an individual's unmet need for health care is not solely determined by their insurance status but is in part influenced by the insurance status of the community. The uninsured experience greater chances of having an unmet need for health care, yet individuals with insurance also face a higher chance of unmet need when they live in areas with high levels of community uninsurance. There has been much research on the spillover effect and its impact on unmet need in the past decade. However, there is very little research that investigates this relationship outside of metropolitan areas. Using the BRFSS and SAHIE, this study examines the relationship between community uninsurance and unmet need among adults aged 18 to 64 (ni = 534,142) at the county level (nj = 2,281) paying special attention to rural/urban differences. Using the Andersen Model of Health Service Use as a guiding framework, this study uses a generalized estimating equation to test the spillover effect in urban, suburban, and rural areas. Results show that in rural areas community uninsurance has a dampening effect on access to care and it exacerbates the unmet need for both the insured and uninsured. However, in rural areas the overall chances of unmet need are lower in rural areas than urban or suburban areas. This study also finds that the effect of race/ethnicity and education on unmet are largely mediated by other factors.


The economic globalization is irresistible and gives great play to its motive force in various domains of the world.It has a direct interrelation with the culture development.How to hold the multi-culture and stand to the national cultural traditions to integrate and absorb the world cultures in the course of the economic globalization?This is new topic that we are raced with in the new century,seeking common ground on major issues while reserving differences on minor ones,and making the world advanced cultures entering China while making the Chinese splendid natiodal cultures leaving a good name to the world,thus pushing the whole national economy to develop forward.


reveal its structure and functioning as they support its performance.' The main objective of Prof. Carlston is not just to find a good framework for a comparative analysis of African social and cultural phenomena. It is to test his theory of organization of action by applying it to a new body of data supplied by the anthropological literature on African peoples of the traditional period. The book here reviewed is to be seen as the third and latest stage in his search for a general socio-legal theory. The first two volumes, Law and Structures of Social Action and Law and Organization in World Society, clearly indicate by their titles the universal scope of Carlston's intellectual undertaking. The approach is very methodical. A first part-about a hundred pages-is devoted to an explicit account of the theoretical assumptions and conceptual tools used in the ordering of the social and cultural phenomena reported by field anthropologists. Then follows a descriptive part of about three hundred pages in which the cultures of thirteen societies are analyzed (seven other ones are very summarily treated in an appendix). The thirteen peoples are the Tallensi, Ashanti, Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, Ibo, Tiv, Ganda, Lugbara, Kikuyu, Nandi, Arusha, Nyakyusa, Nuer; the seven are the Ga, Soga, Nyoro, Amba, Alur, Kamba and Sukuma. The conclusion-about forty pages-draws a set of principles and propositions by induction from the data. Carlston makes it clear that assertions 'are limited to the data and are not advanced as statements


Today almost of all hospitals have joined BPJS partner . One of them is a Aisyiyah Pariaman hospital. formulation of the problem 1) How Aisyiyah Pariaman hospital responsibility of health services to member of BPJS? 2) What is the barrier in the provision of health care for member of bpjs in Aisyiyah Pariaman hospital? The data includes primary and secondary data consisting of a primary law, secondary. Data collection techniques such as the interviews and documents study. Research result 1) The responsibility of the aisyiyah pariaman hospital in health care facilities and infrastructure, which is improving increase the number and improve the quality of medical personnel and non-medic, do not differentiate the service to patients, social service provide good customer service, safe and comfortable, find a solution when there a problem with the participants patients, social service keep a secret about the treatment and patient medical, responsible legally against all the harm inflicted in case of omission are carried out by health workers. 2) the barrier in the provision of health care for member of bpjs in Aisyiyah Pariaman hospital are facilities like limitations room in patient, medical workers inadequate.


The article analyzes the factors of development of the institution of raiding in the Russian Federation. The average annual number of raider attacks is given, and their impact on the economic activity of the country is analyzed. Also considered were signs of a raider seizure, their characteristics, information providing interest for the "invader", types of raiding, the actual dynamics of business profitability for seizing enterprises in Russia, and recommendations for protection against raider seizures were identified.


This paper studies a class of linear system with uncertainty of parameters and external time-varying input disturbances. A united real-time identification method is presented for estimating the parameters and external disturbances of the system at the same time without the model of disturbance. The disturbance is compensated online according to the results of identification. A dual adaptive controller is designed. This controller can rejected the effect of uncertainty of parameters and eliminates the bad phenomena of conventional adaptive control systems, such as "turn off", "windup" and "bursting", so the robustness of the adaptive control system is enhanced. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is proved by a simulation example.


1 STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF THE 316L STAINLESS STEEL BY ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING IN HIGH TEMPERATURE WATER Xiaoyuan Lou, Evan J. Dolley, Martin M. Morra, Francis T. Bolger, Myles L. Connor, Ronald M. Horn 1 GE Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna. NY 12309 2 GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy, 3901 Castle Hayne Road, Wilmington, NC 28402 3 GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy, 6705 Vallecitos Road, Sunol, CA 94586


The objectives of this paper are to examine the land suitability for agriculture by taking the very important physical variables which are influencing on the agriculture like slope, soil type, rainfall and ground water potentials. Different weights are assigned to the variables depending up on its importance in the agriculture. Finally five suitability classes are identified in the Haveri district like areas very highly suitable for agriculture, highly suitable for agriculture, Moderately suitable for agriculture, Moderate to poor Suitable for Agriculture, Poor suitable for Agriculture and poor to nil suitable for agriculture.


We considercombinatorialproblemsassociatedwith contractsatisfactionandmarketclearingarising in deregulatedelectricalpower industry. A prototypicalproblemin this context canbestatedasfollows: Givena network anda (multi-)setof pairsof verticesin it denotingbilateralcontracts,find themaximumnumberof simultaneouslysatisfiablecontracts.Theextensionof theaboveproblemto Poolco-type contractsatisfactionproblemsis considered.Suchproblemsalsoarisein real-timeInternetservices(e.g., telephone, fax,video). We show that theseproblemscomein a few variants,someefficiently solvableandmany NP-hard; we also presentapproximationalgorithmsfor many of the NP-hard variantspresented.Someof our approximationalgorithmsbenefitfrom certainimprovedtail estimatesthatwe derive; thelatteralsoyield improvedapproximationsfor a family of packingintegerprograms.


We have previously reported enhanced Ca2+ sensitivity of coronary arteries that are dependent upon collateral circulation for their blood supply. For the current study, we hypothesized that small collateral-dependent arteries would exhibit an enhanced KCl-mediated contractile response attributable to Ca2+ sensitization and increased Ca2+ channel current. Ameroid constrictors were surgically placed around the left circumflex (LCX) artery of female Yucatan miniature swine. Eight weeks post-operatively, pigs were randomized into sedentary or exercise-trained (treadmill run; 5 days/week; 14 weeks) groups. Small coronary arteries (150-300 mm luminal diameter) were isolated from myocardial regions distal to the collateral-dependent LCX and the nonoccluded left anterior descending arteries. Contractile tension and simultaneous measures of both tension and intracellular free Ca2+ levels (fura-2) were measured in response to increasing concentrations of KCl. In addition, whole-cell Ca2+ currents were also obtained. Chronic occlusion enhanced contractile responses to KCl and increased Ca2+ sensitization in collateral-dependent compared to nonoccluded arteries of both sedentary and exercise-trained pigs. In contrast, smooth muscle cell Ca2+ channel current was not altered by occlusion or exercise training. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII; inhibited by KN-93, 0.3-1 mM) contributed to the enhanced contractile response in collateral-dependent arteries of sedentary pigs whereas both CaMKII and Rho-kinase (inhibited by hydroxyfasudil, 30 mM or Y27632, 10 mM) contributed to increased contraction in exercise-trained animals. Taken together, these data suggest that chronic occlusion leads to enhanced contractile responses to KCl in collateral-dependent coronary arteries via increased Ca2+ sensitization; a response which is further augmented with exercise training.


Objective: To study of effects of sleep deprivation on secretion of gastric acid and gastric motility in rats and discuss the mechanism of the clinical therapy. Methods: The model of sleep deprivation had been established in rats. The changes of secretion of gastric acid were investigated in the sleep deprivation model with chemical analysis method. Using 99Tcm and gastric emptying of liquids, the gastric emptying was detected with radioimmunoasssy. At the same time, the changes of electrogastrogram(EGG) were recorded under sleep deprivation. Results: The secretion of gastric acid increased gradually with time prolongation under sleep deprivation. It was found that the level of gastric acid was not different from that of the controls in the first day after sleep deprivation, but in the third day, the level of gastric acid in sleep deprivation groups was significantly different from those of the controls and in the first day. In the fifth day under sleep deprivation, the level of gastric acid was higher than that in the third day. In the seventh day under sleep deprivation, the level of gastric aicd was similar to that in the fifth day. It was also found that acute sleep deprivation would reduce gastric emptying and the slower the gastric emptying rate was, the longer the time of sleep deprivation. Under sleep deprivation, EGG decreased gradually before meal and had not changes, compared with those of the controls. Conclusion: Under sleep deprivation, secretion of gastric acid increased and gastric emptying decreased, whereas, EGG became disorder in rats.


Carcinoma is the most common tumor of the pancreas. Its incidence has been cited as from 1.76 to 2 per cent in cases of cancer in which autopsy was done. 1 The types of carcinoma vary considerably in histologic appearance and manner of growth. Three main categories are recognized as representing duct, acinar and "islet" structures. 2 Rarer types, such as mucoid, colloid or squamous (duct) forms, were not seen in this series. As with cancer situated elsewhere, the causes are unknown. In view of the complex origin of the mature pancreas, which involves anatomic and functional fusion of two separate (dorsal and ventral) duct systems (Wirsung and Santorini), the possibility of developmental errors may be of some importance. This supposition is further supported by the frequency with which carcinoma occurs in the head of the pancreas and the preponderance of the duct type. To this evidence must be added


Chronic pain is not just about inflamed joints, recurrent headaches, a bad back, or the inability to sleep, have sex, or cook dinner.


In the current global business world the profile of young engineers entering the labor market should be adapted in order to turn them into the kind of p rofessionals that can play an important role in the management of a company. Although a certain degree of specialization and a solid technical education are essential assets in companies where t echnical processes are in the core of their activit y, it is also true that stimulating the access of engi neers to management levels can lead to a better use of the human resources in a technology oriented economy. In this paper we present an initiative of three lea ding technical universities in Europe which have th e purpose of educating students with an engineering o r technical degree in those areas of management that will allow them to expand notoriously their pr ofessional horizons, both functionally and geographically. This initiative, designed by Univer sidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI) and the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm (KTH), has the support of the European Commission and has been accepted in the Erasmus Mundus program which provides funds for the participation of both students and scholars from countries outside the European Union.


The wide gamut of IP-aware and -addressable technology known as the Internet of Things (IoT) is embedded deeply into our professional and personal lives. "The Internet of Things installed base will grow to 26 billion units by 2020," says Gartner. "IoT product and service suppliers will generate incremental revenue exceeding $300 billion, mostly in services, in 2020. It will result in $1.9 trillion in global economic value-add through sales into diverse end markets."


Efficient assembly of a mitotic spindle and stable attachment of microtubules (k-fibers) to kinetochores are essential for the high fidelity of chromosome segregation. Both spindle assembly and Mitotic spindle mediates the segregation of chromosomes in the cell cycle and the proper function of the spindle is crucial to the high fidelity of chromosome segregation and to the stability of the genome. Nucleation of microtubules (MTs) from centrosomes and chromatin represents two well-characterized pathways essential for the assembly of a dynamic spindle in mitosis. Recently, we identified a third MT nucleation pathway, in which existing MTs in the spindle acts as a template to promote the nucleation and polymerization of MTs, thereby efficiently amplifying MTs in the spindle. We will review here our current understanding on the molecular mechanism, the physiological function and the cell-cycle regulation of MT amplification.k-fiber formation require robust nucleation and polymerization of microtubules mediated by the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ TuRC). It has been well established that centrosomes and chromatin are the two centers for microtubule nucleation. We recently demonstrate a third mechanism for microtubule nucleation and polymerization, in which the existing microtubules in the spindle act as templates to promote the formation of new microtubules. We showed that a novel spindle-associated protein, FAM29A, plays a critical role in this microtubule-dependent microtubule amplification. FAM29A associates with spindle microtubules and directly interacts with and recruits NEDD1, the targeting subunit of γTuRC. Spindle-associated γTuRC then promotes microtubule nucleation required for spindle assembly and k-fiber formation. This novel microtubule amplification pathway provides a powerful mechanism to control the local cytoskeleton structures independent of centrosomes and chromatin. We speculate that microtubule amplification not only functions in mitosis, but may also act in other physiological processes to re-enforce existing cytoskeleton structures.


The effects of chronic ovarian steroid treatment on the secretory activity of individual lactotropes and the mechanisms modulating their responsiveness to dopamine (DA) were studied. Female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and implanted with Silastic capsules containing progesterone (P4), 17β), 17β-estradiol (E2) or both E2 (E2+P4). Ten days after surgery, anterior pituitaries were enzymatically dispersed and the reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) was performed to assess the release of prolactin (PRL) from individual lactotropes. RHPA was combined with immunocytochemistry (ICC) for PRL, Gαs or Giα3/Gαo proteins. E2 treatment alone or in combination with P4 increased the percentage of immunoreactive lactotropes among anterior pituitary cells. Incidence of active (plaque-forming) lactotropes, however, was increased both in P4-, and E2-treated rats and E2+P4 treatment increased it even further. While P4 treatment did not affect the frequency distribution of lactotropes, both E2 and E2+P4 treatments increased the large plaque-forming lactotrope population. This increase was reflected by the significantly greater mean plaque areas of lactotropes from E2- and E2+P4-treated rats compared to OVX or P4-treated animals. The responsiveness of lactotropes to DA from P4-treated rats did not differ from that of OVX rats: thus challenge with 1 µM DA inhibited the release of PRL, while 100 pM DA had no effect. E2 and E2+P4 treatments, however, profoundly changed the lactotrope's responsiveness: challenge with 1 µM DA had no effect and 100 pM DA resulted in moderate stimulation of PRL release in E2+P4 rats. Double-label ICC revealed that ovarian steroid treatments did not affect the expression of Gαs in lactotropes. The incidence of Giα3/Gαo-immunoreactive lactotropes, however, decreased after E2 treatment, alone or in combination with P4. Although expression of Gαs was similar in all plaque-forming cells regardless of plaque size, lactotropes expressing Giα3/Gαo were more likely to form small plaques in all treatment groups. These data suggest: (1) ovarian steroid treatment recruits quiescent lactotropes to release PRL; (2) E2 treatment alone or in combination with P4 increases the amount of PRL rleased by individual lactotropes; (3) E2-induced alterations in the frequency distribution and lactotrope responsiveness to DA may be due in part to a decreased expression of Giα3/Gαo.


The book review considers two handbooks "How to collect data in qualitative field research" and "Practices of qualitative data analysis in social sciences" published by the National Research University Higher School of Economics in 2020 and 2023, respectively. The handbooks compensate for the acute shortage of Russian educational texts on qualitative data collection and analysis in sociology. They can be effectively used in teaching research disciplines and in research practice. Both handbooks have all the characteristics of a contemporary educational texts. Their authors have relevant practical experience in the issues under discussion and provide particular examples and practical recommendations. Both texts are well structured. Both include many educational and methodological elements (not only literature and test questions, but summaries, keywords, practical tasks, links to extensive online resources). The discussed issues are presented at the level of contemporary approaches adopted both in domestic and foreign theory and practice; and this is reflected in citations, references and the considered cases.


Accurate design and performance evaluation of wireless protocols and systems are inherently dependent on an accurate model of the underlying channel. In this paper, an independent and identically distributed (IID) error model is used to describe traces of a public dataset collected in rural Wi-Fi networks. Our work shows that IID model is an adequate error model to describe the intervals of two consecutive error frames, while it fails to capture the burst error distribution. To improve the IID model, we propose an improvement on the IID model and simulation results show the improved IID model is a simple yet effective error model for the frame error process.


Objective: This study seeks to examine the perception of nationalism among Sebatik Island residents, one of Indonesia's integral pillars. The main goal is to identify the factors shaping their nationalist sentiments and propose potential strategies for the government to facilitate comprehensive development on Sebatik Island.

Theoretical framework: The research adopts a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methodologies to comprehensively explore the level of nationalism among Sebatik Island inhabitants towards Indonesia.

Method: The research employs focused group discussions and tailored questionnaires to gather data. The qualitative analysis covers responses from 62 participants, revealing that 66% exhibit a high level of nationalism, while 34% display a low level. Various factors influencing Sebatik's nationalism emerge, including deficient infrastructure, tribal diversity, youth involvement, educational and healthcare inadequacies, resource utilization, and government policies concerning border area development.

Results and conclusions: The findings indicate a generally positive perception of Indonesian nationalism among Sebatik Island residents, despite challenges stemming from their reliance on Malaysia. The study underscores the importance of enhancing welfare as a means to collaboratively develop the Indonesian-Malaysian border region. By prioritizing the well-being of the Sebatik community, their sense of Indonesian identity can naturally flourish, contributing to increased security and patriotism in the border area.

Originality/Value: This research contributes original insights into the nuanced factors influencing nationalism among Sebatik Island residents, shedding light on the intricacies of their perspectives within the context of a shared border with Malaysia. The proposed welfare-focused approach presents a valuable strategy for bolstering Indonesian identity in border regions.

Research implications: The study's outcomes call for a reevaluation of policies related to border area development, infrastructure, education, healthcare, and resource management. The significance of addressing these aspects for fostering a strong sense of nationalism and security is evident, particularly in the unique context of Sebatik Island.


Intra‐beam scattering is the leading mechanism limiting the luminosity in heavy‐ion storage rings like the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The multiple Coulomb scattering among the charged particles causes transverse emittance growth and longitudinal beam de‐bunching and beam loss, compromising machine performance during collision. Theoretically, the original theories developed by Piwinski, Bjorken, and Mtingwa only describe the rms beam size growth of an unbounded Gaussian distribution. Equations based on the Fokker‐Planck approach are developed to further describe the beam density profile evolution and beam loss. During the 2004 RHIC heavy‐ion operation, dedicated IBS experiments were performed to bench‐mark the rms beam size growth, beam loss, and profile evolution both for a Gaussian‐like and a longitudinal hollow beam. This paper summarizes the IBS theory and discusses the experimental bench‐marking results.


This thesis focuses on the synthesis of functionalized polyesters, poly(α-hydroxy) acids in particular, with increased hydrophilicity as materials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. For this purpose, a general synthesis route to functionalized dilactones was designed and optimized. This route made the synthesis of large amounts of functionalized dilactones possible. The obtained dilactones were polymerized (homo- or copolymerized) via ROP to obtain the corresponding functionalized polyesters. Upon deprotection of these polymers, hydroxyl functionalized polyesters were obtained. The obtained polymers are structurally analogous to established polyesters such as PLGA and PLLA. The monomers that were used consisted of either lactic acid or glycolic acid which are endogenous compounds, and (S)-3-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid, which is a derivative of serine. Upon deprotection of the latter compound glyceric acid is formed. Glyceric acid can be metabolized in the human body via the glycolytic pathway. It is therefore expected that the degradation products of the polymers used in this study will have a low or absent toxicity. Other polymers that were synthesized contained allyl functional groups. These were oxidized via two different pathways; dihydroxylation and epoxidation. The dihydroxylation gave materials that degraded very rapidly and were therefore not further investigated. The epoxidation, however, gave fully epoxidated polymers which can be used for further functionalization.


This paper is investigating various patterns of entrepreneurial relations and engagements that may help the shift to bio economy and the ways they can facilitate entrepreneurial understanding and access to markets and business opportunities in this field. It also investigate the role of universities and cluster in transfer of knowledge towards bio economy and possibilities of interaction making a case study on USH Pro Business in Romania. Main conclusion of the paper is that participation of entrepreneurs, especially SME but also large companies in active Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE) plays an essential role in transposing bio economy from strategy to action but some regions may be well advanced and other lagging behind. High trust and large EE in terms of networking are better fit to accelerate the knowledge and innovation process and universities may play a major role in this direction, as important catalyst.


An organic electroluminescent device, comprising: a gate line on a substrate and the data lines, the data lines through the gate line; switching element connected to the gate and data lines; a plurality of thin film transistors connected in parallel with each other a driving element, the driving element connected to the switching element; and with a drive element connected to the first active layer and a second gate electrode over the organic electroluminescent diode, wherein the drive element comprises a first and a second gate electrode, is located, drain between the first and the second gate, a drain and a source substantially surrounding.


In the paper an advanced parameterized analog behavioral SPICE macromodel of operational amplifier is proposed. The following parameters and characteristics of voltage feedback operational amplifier are modeled: frequency dependent input and output impedances; differential and common mode gains and power supply rejection ratios with their tolerances, frequency and temperature dependencies; voltage and current offsets; equivalent input noise and asymmetrical slew rate. The output voltage and current limiting are taken account of, as well. An advantage of the proposed model is that it is parameterized. The user utilizes only the data-sheet specifications. That makes the model easy for use and eliminates the calibration step. The necessary data from the tables and graphics in the specifications are described in details in the paper.


High‐grade oligodendroglial tumors, that is, anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors and glioblastomas with oligodendroglial component, differ significantly in terms of prognosis and response to chemotherapy. Differentiation might be difficult because the histological differences are vague and reliable markers are not established. We correlated the presence of putative cancer stem cells (CSC) in high‐grade oligodendroglial tumors (WHO grades III and IV) with clinical outcome. Tumors with favorable prognosis neither contained CSC nor did they show CD133 expression. Tumor cells resembled lineage‐restricted progenitor cells with limited proliferative capacity and differentiation profile. In contrast, CD133 expression and stem cell‐like tumor cells characterized tumors with poor prognosis. They showed neurosphere‐like growth, differentiated into cells of all neural lineages, and were tumorigenic in nude mice. In our series, CSC and expression of CD133 predicted the clinical course of disease better than the histological grading. To confirm these results, we retrospectively analyzed 36 high‐grade oligodendroglial tumors. Again, CD133 expression indicated shorter survival and predicted clinical outcome more reliable than the histological assessment.


3D finite element modeling is a promising method, but it is not well extended to the dynamic analysis of anisotropic asymmetric rotor bearing systems. This paper is aimed at proposing a dynamic analysis method of anisotropic asymmetric rotor bearing systems based on 3D finite element method. In the proposed approach, the advantages of 3D finite element modeling are used to accurately simulate the dynamic characteristics of the asymmetric rotor. The asymmetric characteristics of the stator are considered and simplified as time-varying bearing stiffness parameters in the rotating frame. The time-varying coefficient differential equation of motion of the rotor bearing system is established in a rotating frame by taking consideration of the bearing characteristics. Floquet theory and Hill expansion method are adopted to obtain the set of equivalent linear time-invariant equations of the original time-varying coefficient differential equations. Frequency characteristics and stability of the system were obtained by solving the equivalent linear time-invariant equations. Two numerical examples are analyzed. The results of the two examples show that the proposed 3D finite element method is a good tool for dynamic analysis of anisotropic asymmetric rotor bearing systems.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


A dynamic neural fuzzy model(DNFM) based adaptive control algorithm for ship course control was developed to overcome uncertainties arising from changes of model parameters.The DNFM identified the inverse dynamics of the Norrbin nonlinear auto regressive exogenous-inputs(NARX) ship model sufficiently,while the structure and parameters themselves were adjusted simultaneously.Well-trained DNFM was then connected with a proportional-plus-derivative(PD) controller in parallel to construct an adaptive controller for course control.The weights of the DNFM were further adjusted by an adaptive law whose independent variable was the output of the PD controller.Simulation results for course control of a standard 5446 twenty-foot equivalent unit(TEU) container vessel validated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


The sources,sorts,concentration,production and harm of odor dissolved in water and in the state of air phase coming from sewage treatment plant are introduced.The relationship between the process of sewage treatment plant and the concentration of the odor are discussed.The odor compounds removal principle is introduced.


The formation of the Nb 3 Al A15 phase under equilibrium conditions is studied on bulk, homogenized samples. Due to compositional effects, T c of samples annealed during long periods at temperatures below 900°C is found to be close to 12 K. It follows that the high T c values (15-16 K) observed on multifilamentary Nb 3 Al wires reacted at these temperatures cannot be interpreted on the basis of the equilibrium phase diagram.


The q-Pollaczek polynomials F ,(x) depend on four parameters u,v,L'l,q and are given by the recurrence relation (1-qo+l)Fn+1(x) = 2[(1-uL'lqn)x+vqn]Fn(x)(l._L'l2qn-l) Fn-l (x), n ~ 1, and the initial cond i t ions Fo(x)=l F 1(x) = 2 [(l-u6.)x+v J /l-q. The measure wi th r spect to which the Fn(x)'s are orthogonal is determined when the parameters are subject to the constraints O<u<L'l< 1, 6(l-u) >±v, O<q < 1. This measure turns out to be absolutelv continuous with respect to Lebesgue's measure. §l. Introduction. The q-Rogers poly'umials (Rogers [23J, [24]), also called continuous q-ul pasph2riccl polynomials. are given by the recurrence relation n n+ 1 . I 2x(1-l3q )Cn(x;slq) = (l-q )Cn+1(X;13 q) 2 n-1 + (1 -13 P ) Cn _1 (x ; 131 q) , n > 0 (1.1 ) (1) This paper cont a ins developments of partial results of L.A. Gomez's M.S. dissertation at the National University of Colombia. The thesis advisor was J.A. Charris. AMS-MOS subject classification (1980) Primary 33A65, 34B25, Secondary 42C05, 34825.


In this study, fatigue life predictions for the various metal matrix composites, R ratios, notch geometries, and dierent temperatures have been performed by using artificial neural networks (ANN) approach. Input parameters of the model comprise various materials (M), such as particle size and volume fraction of reinforcement, stress concentration factor (Kt), R ratio (R), peak stress (S), temperatures (T), whereas, output of the ANN model consist of number of failure cycles. ANN controller was trained with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) learning algorithm. The tested actual data and predicted data were simulated by a computer program developed on MATLAB platform. It is shown that the model provides intimate fatigue life estimations compared with actual tested data.


This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity of paprika in the lard-pork model system adding ground fresh paprika (3%) and paprika powders (5%). Paprika powders were obtained through 4 drying methods (freeze, vacuum, far infrared-ray, and hot-air). In the lard and meat-fat mixture (containing lard 30%) containing paprika powders, the rate of increase in the peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value decreased notably during the refrigerated storage (4℃) compared to the control without paprika. Therefore, paprika powders showed potent antioxidant activity and especially the freeze dried paprika powder revealed the most effective activity among them. However, its antioxidant activity was still lower than that of the fresh paprika because the addition of fresh paprika in the lard and meat-fat mixture merely increased the POV and TBA value. In linoleic acid oxidation, the addition of capsanthin 500 ppm to mixed linoleic acid and 10 ppm of FeCl₃ (LF) inhibited the formation of peroxides by 15.2% compared to LF, showing its iron scavenging ability. When mixed antioxidants (β-carotene 200 ppm + ascorbic acid 100 ppm, capsanthin 200 ppm + ascorbic acid 100 ppm) were added in LF, synergistic effects were obtained with 57.7 and 60.4% of inhibition of peroxide formation, respectively.


Emerging industrial IoT presupposes integration of operational technology (OT) networks with information technology (IT) networks which hitherto were isolated. IT networks focus primarily on PAIN (Privacy/Confidentiality, Authentication, Integrity and Non-repudiation) OT networks focus primarily on AIC (Availability, Integrity and Confidentiality). The conflicting requirements of availability and confidentiality is a challenge that needs to be overcome in a balanced way to reap the benefits of IT-OT integration. This balancing act requires understanding of the OT domain. This paper considers electrical utility as the use case and brings out the considerations in achieving an acceptable IT-OT framework.


A mathematical model of interaction between laser radiation and multilayer biological tissue has been developed. At a pulse duration shorter than 1 ms acoustic or shock waves are generated in the tissues simultaneously with a rapid temperature rise. At radiation power densities lower than approximately 109 W/cm2 in the absence of phase transition acoustic vibrations arise from thermal expansion of the heated volume.


Contents: Series preface Introduction Part I Archaic Warfare: 750a "500 BC: The 'hoplite reform' revisited, A.M. Snodgrass Ephorus and the prohibition of missiles, Everett L. Wheeler The Zulus and the Spartans: a comparison of their military systems, W.S. Ferguson Early Greek land warfare as symbolic expression, W.R. Connor Fighting by the rules: the invention of the hoplite agA'n, Peter Krentz. Part II Religious, Social, Economic and Legal Aspects: Religious scruples in ancient warfare, M.D. Goodman and A.J. Holladay The hoplite as citizen: Athenian military institutions in their social context, Ronald T. Ridley Warfare and agriculture: the economic impact of devastation in classical Greece, James A. Thorne Akeryktos Polemos (Herodotus V.81), J.L. Myres Crossing Greek frontiers under arms, D.J. Mosley. Part III Classical Hoplite Battle: The general as hoplite, Everett L. Wheeler Klope polemou: 'theft' in ancient Greek warfare, David Whitehead On the possibility of reconstructing Marathon and other ancient battles, N. Whatley Othismos: the importance of the mass-shove in hoplite warfare, Robert D. Luginbill Hector's body: mutilation of the dead in ancient Greece and Vietnam, Lawrence A. Tritle Casualties in hoplite battles, Peter Krentz. Part IV Peloponnesian War: 431a "404 BC: Perikles and the defence of Attika during the Peloponnesian War, I.G. Spence The progress of Epiteichismos, H.D. Westlake Thucydides and Spartan strategy in the Archidamian war, Thomas Kelly Brasidas a " great commander or whiz kid? Graham Wylie. Part V Age of Xenophon and Epaminondas: 400a "362 BC: Xenophon's theory of leadership, Neal Wood Identity and community among Greek mercenaries in the classical world, Matthew F. Trundle On the origin of scythed chariots, Alexander K. Nefiodkin Epameinondas, The Battle of Leuktra (371 BC) and the 'revolution' in Greek battle tactics, Victor Hanson Name index.


This brief concluding chapter summarizes the general situation in semiclassical theory and quantum gravity. Even in the framework of the usual perturbative quantum field theory, there are several approaches leading to theoretically satisfactory models of quantum gravitational effects, starting from quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Here, the expression "satisfactory" does not mean perfectness, as there is no theoretically perfect model of quantum gravity. The chapter then goes on to review the main unsolved problems of quantum gravity, such as higher-derivative ghosts and instabilities and the cosmological constant problem. It concludes with the hope that the basic aspects of the models presented in this book will be useful for anyone who intends to start working in this fascinating area.


To reduce the residual stress of heavy rail after straightening, the finite element analysis approach is adopted to research the internal stress with multi-roller straightening. The multi-roller straightening method is present, and the finite element model of multi-roller straightening is built. With the given values, the straightening process test is simulated, and the residual stress distribution after straightening is analysed. The application shows, using the proposed approach to adjust the reduction of the straightened roll, not only a better straightness can be acquired, but also a good distribution of residual stress after straightening can be obtained.


The paper presents analyses of data obtained from oil shale pulverized firing tests carried out at the Eesti Power Plant (EPP) that is part of an Estonian power company Narva Power Plants (NPP) owned by a state company Eesti Energia AS. The tests were conducted at two boiler loads: 50% (158 t/h) and 100% (320 t/h) in the TP-101 boiler. During experiments samples of bottom and fly ashes from inertia dust collectors after the super heater (SH) and economizer (ECO), as well as fly ash from the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) of the first, second and third fields were taken. Analysis of the gas sample taken at the ESP exit was performed. The ash distribution at different ash discharge ports was obtained. Analysis of the ash chemical composition was carried out. The specific consumption of oil shale per useful heat and gross electricity production was found and other techno-economic characteristics were determined. The tests at partial and nominal loads showed that the emission of SO2, CO2, CO, NO and HCl at nominal load were essentially higher. The content of fine ash particles (<2.5 µm) after the ESP was higher at nominal load. Results of analysis can serve as a basis for future research and develop- ment projects. Also, they can be used to decide whether to continue operation of PF units.


Highly conductive transparent indium oxide (In/sub 2/O/sub 3/) thin films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering using pure indium oxide targets. Sputtering was done in a pure Argon (Ar) atmosphere. A linear programming method for the design and optimization of the technological process development was used. The physical model of the sputtering process was based on random sections in of the parameter's space. The obtained processing model was optimized by the "steep rise" method, using the mathematical model gradient to obtain optimal processing parameters. The active independent factors of the sputtering process were as follows: 1. Ar pressure during the process; 2. substrate temperature; 3. target voltage; and 4. deposition period. As a result of the optimization process, the transparent conductive indium oxide thin films had the following parameters: transparency in 550 nm wavelength -90.7% (including the glass substrate having an absolute transparency of 91.08%); and resistivity of up to 0.043 /spl Omega/.cm for a 2525 /spl Aring/ film thickness. Finally, the linear model method for the design and optimization of this multi-parameters physical process was found to be a useful technique.


The study investigates credit card ownership and usage in Indian metro cities, taking Mumbai into consideration, and their posited association with consumer demographics. In this study, we find that credit card usage behaviour in Mumbai is relatively high and that this appears to be influenced by consumer demographics and in particular income, age, gender and income as well as number of credit cards owned per person, i.e., ownership pattern.The growing popularity and ownership of credit cards in the western belt of India makes it relevant for such a research to be conducted taking a sample representative of the population of Mumbai. This will aid in interpreting the manner in which demographics influence the usage pattern. The study shows that the results obtained are inconsistent with the previous studies, where the usage was expected to increase with age and income, and males were expected to use credit cards more frequently. The study recommends segmenting the market in Mumbai based on consumer demographics.


Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease that occurs due to the formation of Fibro-fatty lesions in arteries that block blood flow. The process of Atherosclerosis is initiated through mechanical, chemical, and immunological activation of the endothelium. Even there are microorganisms involved in the different stages of atherosclerosis. There are a number of molecular factors, RNA's, macrophages and enzymes that play a vital role in the progression and development of Atherosclerosis that alter the metabolism of Fibro-fatty. Receptors of micro RNA proliferate and regulate endothelial activation and smooth cell Macrophages, monocytes, t-cell and natural killer cells involved in the boosting of the immune system to prevent the atherosclerotic lesion formation. In this review, we can know how RNA's involved in the pathophysiology side of atherosclerosis and explore the mechanism to regulate Atherosclerosis, and how macrophages evoke an immune response. Therefore, the use of synthetic and natural drugs and following the right diet timely prevent and reduce the risk of development of Atherosclerosis.


The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tannic acid on the gworth and survival of small mammalian berbirvores. Measurements were conducted with weaned root voles fed with 3% or 6% tannic acid and 10% or 20% protein in their diets. The results indicated that the effect of tannic acid on growth rate of weaned root voles was greater when given a lower protein diet than a higher protein diet. After 20 d, with 10% protein diets, mean growth rates of the weaned voles fed with 3% or 6% tannic acid were -0.135 g/d and -0.25 g/d, respectively. When given 20% protein diet, mean growth rates of weaned root voles fed with 3% and 6% tannic acid for 20 d were 0.134 g/d and -0.116 g/d, respectively. Food utilization efficiencies of the voles fed with 3% and 6% tannic acid diets were significantly lower than that of the control diet at the level of 10% protein. When given the 20% protein diet, food utilization efficiencies of weaned voles fed with 6% tannic acid were significantly lower than that of the voles fed with 3% tannic acid diet or the control diet with the 10% protein diets, the average survival days of the weaned voles fed with 3% and 6% tannic acid diets decreased 26.23% and 49.36% compared to controls at the end of trial period, respectively. With 20% protein diets, the average survival of weaned voles given 6% tannic acid diet decreased 39.41% compared to controls at the end of trial period, although weaned voles given 3% tannic acid had a slight decrease of average survival days. The results of study suggested that tannins could substanitially affect the individual performance of weaned root voles.


The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Foreign Relations Law, published in 2019, ambitiously sought 'to lay the groundwork for a new field of study and teaching'. The present volume usefully complements that effort by focusing, from a comparative perspective, on how foreign relations law interacts with international law. In this concluding chapter, I reflect on the relationship between these two bodies of law, drawing on examples from this volume and also from the Handbook. As will become evident, foreign relations law and international law have important and often underappreciated effects on each other, sometimes in ways that are constructive andmutually reinforcing, but at other times in ways that produce potential conflict.


The Brazilian electricity mix is currently dominated by renewable energy forms, foremost hydropower. Large additional capacity demands are expected in the mid-term future but additional potential for hydro power is limited. In addition it is planned to construct more than 17 GW of wind power and additional capacity of photovoltaics (PV). Due to the fluctuating nature of such renewables, however, wind and PV are hardly able to provide firm capacity. Concentrated solar power (CSP) might be a feasible option to provide firm and dispatchable capacity at low carbon emissions. This study analyses the opportunities for integrating CSP into the Brazilian energy system. Making use of the TiPS-B model, a novel application of the optimization model generator TIMES, we compare different climate protection strategies with a reference scenario and analyze the contribution of CSP to the electricity mix. The analysis covers various types of CSP power plants with molten salt energy storage where we look at possible dispat...


The design of instructional materials, especially Intelligent Tutoring Systems, is difficult, often because of student differences. Both the time students take to complete such tutorials, and their resulting scores, are dependent upon the length and difficulty level of the material, as well as the expertise of the student. This paper presents a first attempt to utilize the simulation of the student to help in the design of an Intelligent Tutoring System using an object-oriented approach. Simulated students respond to simulated tutorials through simulated interfaces. The object-oriented approach provides an easily adaptable framework for using the results, both in time and student scores, to aid the educator in making difficult design decisions. Statistics from successful simulation runs are presented, along with plans for future study.


The current study aimed at identifying the amount of sustainable development dimensions were included in the developed science curriculum for the fifth grade in the Sultanate of Oman. The sample of this study consisted of analyzing the content of the students' textbook and activity book for the fifth grade for the first semester of the academic year 2020-2021. A descriptive content analysis was adopted to achieve the purpose of the study. A content analysis card was further designed that included the dimensions of sustainable development (the environmental dimension, the social dimension, and the economic dimension) and the reliability was checked by some academic referees. The results of the study revealed that the content of the analyzed textbooks included all dimensions of sustainable development, to varying degrees. The availability of social dimension was the highest with (80.07%) percent, followed by the environmental dimension with a percentage of (13.41%), and the lowest dimension was economic with (6.52%) percent. Increasing the availability of sub-issues in the content of the analyzed science curriculum that did not appear sufficiently compared to others was recommended due to its relevance to achieve sustainability.


In Utrecht, a monitoring network has been installed in order to check the reliability of the theoretical hydrodynamic sewer model and study the hydraulic performance of the sewer system. Flows, water levels, rainfall and turbidity are monitored at several locations in the system. The total monitoring network consists of 138 sensors and will be extended in the near future. Managing, analysing and presenting measured data, however, is a very extensive job due to the enormous amount of measurements that are daily registered. Therefore, an automatic validation tool has been developed for validation of large data sets of sewer measurements. The tool is based on the correlation between sensors and deviations in system behaviour. Depending on the type of instrument (water level, flow, rainfall or turbidity), one or more statistical models are used to automatically diagnose the quality of measurements ('correct', 'uncertain' and 'incorrect'). In order to prevent erroneous quality labels, e.g. label 'incorrect' due to construction works in the sewer system, frequent consultation of the management authority is needed. After evaluation, the data are suitable for planning and design purposes, such as decisions on investments and model calibration.


Recently, the fixed-pole design of parallel second-order filters has been proposed to accomplish arbitrary frequency resolution similarly to Kautz filters, at 2/3 of their computational cost. This paper relates the parallel filter to the complex smoothing of transfer functions. Complex smoothing is a well-established method for limiting the frequency resolution of audio transfer functions for analysis, modeling, and equalization purposes. It is shown that the parallel filter response is similar to the one obtained by complex smoothing the target response using a hanning window: a 1/β octave resolution is achieved by using β/2 pole pairs per octave in the parallel filter. Accordingly, the parallel filter can be either used as an efficient implementation of smoothed responses, or, it can be designed from the unsmoothed responses directly, eliminating the need of frequency-domain processing. In addition, the theoretical equivalence of parallel filters and Kautz filters is developed, and the formulas for converting between the parameters of the two structures are given. Examples of loudspeaker-room equalization are provided.


This article describes the electrical characterization of the Nitride/Oxide Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (NO-ISFET). The ISFET was processed with a standard 0.8 µm CMOS process. The ISFET structural in this study contains 10 nm thick oxide, capped with 30 nm thick silicon nitride acting as a sensing film. The designed dimension, channel width per channel length (W/L) is 2000µm/100µm. The IDS-VGS and IDS-VDS characteristics of the device based on this proposed structure are measured.From the experiment, our ISFET exhibited the pH sensitivity approximately 56.67 mV/pH. The measured current sensitivity is about 9 µA/pH at VDS of 0.3 V and the gate voltage (VGS) of 1.2 V.


The Tertiary Qom Formation of the Aran Field, located in the Kashan Block of Central Iran Basin, is a set of fractured carbonate reservoir with low matrix porosity and permeability. For the study of fractured reservoir, the drill core and imaging logging data are the most straightforward and credible means to discern the development situation of natural fracture in the reservoir, but these are expensive. In the traditional logging methods, the Dual Lateral Logging (DLL) is of stronger competence of convergence, it is very useful to recognize the fractures in the resistive formation. On the basis of previous studies on the numerical model and inversion methodology of dual laterolog response, we establish an interpretation model of fractured reservoir parameters to estimate the fracture parameters of sub-member C4 of the Qom Formation in this block, and then compare the results with the core, imaging logging data and well testing data. The result indicates that this method can exactly evaluate the fractured reservoir in this area.


Postpartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) shows pathologies simi- lar to dilated cardiomyopathy, and it happens to women with no history of heart disease. In Japan, the incidence of PPCM is one case per about 20000 deliveries, but it is quite important as a complication for perinatal period since lethal cases are included. Here, we report a case of PPCM that required veno- atrial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Case report: A 32-year-old primigravida with no remarkable medical history was admitted to an obstetric clinic for delivery, and an elective cesarean section was performed at 39 weeks and 5 days gestation. On postpartum day 1, the patient developed productive cough and oxygen desaturation. A chest X-ray film showed pulmonary edema. Since her clinical condition was not im- proved by administration of oxygen and diuretic agent, she was transferred to our facility on postpartum day 3. We suspected PPCM as the cause of her acute heart failure, echocardiography was performed right after her arrival at ER. Echocardiography revealed severely decreased left ventricular (LV) function with an ejection fraction (EF) of 33%. In ICU, tracheal intubation was performed because noninvasive positive pressure ventilation did not im- prove her oxygenation. In spite of mechanical ventilation and administration of catecholamine, her cardiopulmonary hemodynamics had rapidly worsened. Therefore, veno-atrial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated. At this point, the LV function also worsened with EF of 25%. Since prolactin block- ade therapy has been reported to improve cardiac dysfunction by PPCM, bro-mocriptine (5mg/day) was administered. On postpartum day 8, the mechani- cal cardiac assist was terminated, and extubated on postpartum day 10. One month later from the delivery the LV function was improved to the EF of 53%. Discussion: Early diagnosis of PPCM may be difficult because the initial symptoms are not particular. In this case, the clinical condition got worsened very rapidly in several hours after arrival at our facility. We diagnosed PPCM by echocardiography very soon, and promptly initiated cardiopulmonary sup- port and anti-prolactin therapy. We conclude that early diagnosis and treatment contributed to good outcome of this patient. Early diagnosis is critical to decrease maternal mortality of PPCM. Mechanical cardiopulmonary supports are required in some cases.


Using Modem Design Tools for Digital Avionics Development Shrinking development time and increased complexity of new avionics forces the designer to use modem tools and methods during hardware development. Engineers at the Marshall Space Flight Center have successfully upgraded their design flow and used it to develop a Mongoose V based radiation tolerant processor board for the International Space Station's Water Recovery System. The design flow, based on hardware description languages, simulation, synthesis, hardware models, and full functional software model libraries, allowed designers to fully simulate the processor board from reset, through initialization before any boards were built. The fidelity of a digital simulation is limited to the accuracy of the models used and how realistically the designer drives the circuit's inputs during simulation. By using the actual silicon during simulation, device modeling errors are reduced. Numerous design flaws were discovered early in the design phase when they could be easily fixed. The use of hardware models and actual MIPS software loaded into full functional memory models also provided checkout of the software development environment. This paper will describe the design flow used to develop the processor board and give examples of errors that were found using the tools. An overview of the processor board firmware will also be covered.


To quickly and quantitatively detect the concentration of harmful Cr6+ in food and packaging, biomass nitrogen‐doped blue fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized by a one‐step hydrothermal method using longan peel. The synthesized biomass CQDs are spherical, and the particle size is distributed between 1 and 6 nm. There are functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups on the surface of the CQDs, which promotes the excellent water dispersibility of the CQDs. CQDs have good fluorescence stability in salt solutions, different pH environments and long‐term storage. A fluorescence sensor for detecting Cr6+ was constructed, based on the specific quenching effect of Cr6+ on the fluorescence of CQDs. There is a good linear relationship between the fluorescence quenching rate of the fluorescence sensor and the Cr6+ concentration of the detected sample. The sensor has a linear range of 20–200 μM and a detection limit of 1.4 μM. In addition, the CQDs fluorescence sensor has an ideal recovery rate in the actual water sample spiked with Cr6+. This research innovatively combined longan and hydrothermal method to prepare a quantitative, fast and wide detection limit Cr6+ sensor.


OBJECTIVE To establish a method for the content determination of schizandrin in Yixin Ningshen tablets. METHODS HPLC analysis was carried out with C18( 150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column and methanol water( 52:48) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1. 0 mL·min -1. The column temperature was set at 28℃. The detection wavelength was 254 nm. RESULTS The calibration curves were linear in the range of 22. 99 114. 96 μg·mL -1. The regression equation was Y = 19. 75X 23. 99( r = 0. 9999,n = 5) . The average recovery was 98. 6% ( n = 6) . CONCLUSION The method is simple and sensitive. It can be used for the dertermination of schizandrin in Yixin Ningshen tablets.


Understanding the bending behaviour of uncured carbon fibre prepreg is vital for process models investigating the formation of defects during the manufacturing of carbon fibre components, however existing characterisation techniques are not readily applied to such a complex material. Standard Dynamic Mechanical Analysis packages typically calculate results according to Engineer's Bending Theory, assuming infinite shear stiffness and that plane sections remain plane. This renders the technique unsuitable for materials in which any significant shear deformation occurs, such as uncured carbon fibre prepreg. This work presents a technique by which results for these materials can be post-processed with the use of a Timoshenko shear modifier term re-derived to consider viscous effects, allowing behaviour in bending to be analysed via this powerful and efficient technique. Values compare well to similar shear mechanics previously investigated, giving confidence in the validity of the approach.


We show how to assign labels of size $\tilde O(1)$ to the vertices of a directed planar graph $G$, such that from the labels of any three vertices $s,t,f$ we can deduce in $\tilde O(1)$ time whether $t$ is reachable from $s$ in the graph $G\setminus \{f\}$. Previously it was only known how to achieve $\tilde O(1)$ queries using a centralized $\tilde O(n)$ size oracle [SODA'21].


The stability relations of monoclinic pyrrhotite (mpo) have been a puzzle for years. Recent studies show that the mpo crystal structure is stabilized by oxygen and that hexagonal pyrrhotite (hpo) can take oxygen in solid solution. The present study demonstrates how mpo with about 0.1 wt% 0 forms in a singular reaction in the hop + pyrite (py) + vapor divariant field in the Fe-S-O system on cooling to about 315/sup 0/C of an oxygen rich, iron deficient hpo synthesized at 600/sup 0/C. Two univariant fields containing O-richhpo, mpo, O-rich py and vapor and O-poor hpo, mpo, O-poor py and vapor respectively originate at the singular point. The former univariant field persists to about 200/sup 0/C where tie-lines between O-rich hpo and O-rich py are replaced by tie-lines between mpo and magnetite (mg) in an invariant reaction involving O-rich hpo, O-rich py, mpo, mg and vapor. The latter univariant field disappears at about 70/sup 0/C where tie-lines between O-poor hpo and O-poor py are replaced by tie-lies between smythite (sm), which reportedly is stable below about 75/sup 0/C in the Fe-S system, and mpo in an invariant reaction involving O-poor hpo, O-poor py, mpo, sm and vapor. These developments willmore » be illustrated with phase diagrams. The stability of mpo is greatly influenced by f/sub O/sub 2//. This will be shown in a P-T diagram involving the discussed singular and invariant points. It appears that all published experimental discrepancies involving the stability of mpo can be explained as due to F/sub O/sub 2// variations which also greatly influence which kind of hpo superstructures form.« less


This paper analyses the autocorrelation function of return waveforms in high precision radar altimeters employing chirp-pulse transmit signal under the condition of near-nadir deviations of the antenna boresight axis. It is shown that in case of ultra wideband transmit signals providing very high time resolution the correlation function can be approximated by a product of two separate functions of time.


Because of the particular defensive dynamics of alcoholism, thc intervention of others is often important in motivating alcoholic persons to seek treatment. However, intervention is often confused with coercion, and publicized as threatening the alcoholic person into submission to someone else's wishes. In fact, intervention is a proccss addressed to change in a system of interrelationships. The power of its influence on the drinker derives from the structured clarification of the effects of the drinking on persons or groups other than the drinker him/her self. The rights to these others to speak for, and protect themselves are central to the formulation of the new data to be presented in a meeting with the alcoholic individual. S/he is then invited to join the others in their concern about what is happening to all of them. The intervention process clarifies choices for everyone, and then leaves to the alcoholic person the decision as to whether to opt for treatment or continued drinking.


This paper deals with the sociological theories that developed in Poland during the height of societal expectations for better life and a brighter future. However, the decade of 1970-80 already contained seeds of crisis. The mainstream sociological theories that are analysed here neglected many of the alarming features of the socialist society already to be seen. Instead, the proponents of those theories actively supported the political enterprise of the existing power élite. As a result, those major sociological theories have little explanatory utility, since they are not an adequate tool of cognition for the actual existing socialist society. The non-mainstream approaches, on the other hand, although being far more critical, did not bear features of sociological theory either.


This thesis probes the question as to whether Martin Luther significantly differs from Thomas Aquinas, with respect to the doctrine of justification. The significance of a comparison between these two theologians concerning justification lies in the perception that they are both, in their respective traditions, representative of the Protestant and Catholic positions upon this subject. The Joint Declaration, signed in 1999 between Lutherans and Roman Catholics, indicates an almost unified modern confession on the doctrine of justification. The purpose of this thesis is to determine if the Protestant concern for justification is adequately addressed in such a "joint" confession. This is accomplished by: examining the background and relevant issues at stake; exploring Aquinas' justification-related theology; comparing Luther's doctrine of justification in relationship to both Aquinas' and to that of the New Finnish Interpretation of Luther; making final conclusions. Pal concludes that Luther's doctrine of justification differs significantly from Aquinas'.


Introduction: Body weight increase is a contemporary trend that leads to health issues in the world's population. Social stigma associated with this patient profile has negative repercussions, mainly in physician-patient interactions, which can result in weight gain and in increased mortality rates. Thus, the management of this worldwide disease requires a better understanding of its multiple aspects, as recommended by international guidelines.  Purpose: The aim of the current study was to analyze some aspects of the therapeutic approach adopted by Endocrinology and Metabology-expert physicians to treat patients living with excess weight, based on information available in current guidelines. Methodology: Observational, cross-sectional study conducted with convenience sample deriving from the scientific update group "EndoNews", which is hosted in online platform. Data were collected through structured questionnaire completed by 246 participants. Similar responses were grouped and subjected to Chi-square tests, at 5% Alpha. Results: 72% of physicians reported to have additional difficulties to treat this patient profile (PWD). PWD reports were mostly associated with work environments described as ill-equipped (p-value = 0.009), with the Northern and Northeastern macroregions (p-Value = 0.012), with weak belief in long-term therapeutic success (p-value = 0.004) and with approach self-reported as less encouraging (p-value = 0.001). Other variables presenting statistical significance were also reported. Conclusion: It was possible drawing different profiles for physicians with (PWD) and without difficulty (PND) to treat patients living with excess weight. Factors, such as region of practice and ill-equipped infrastructure, were predictive of such a difficulty. Moreover, certain factors used to analyze participants' agreement with guidelines have shown that PWD diverged more often from the recommended information. Therefore, reflections on language, strategies and infrastructural preparedness to serve these patients were suggested, aiming at subsequent changes in physicians' attitude towards their treatment.


This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of justice, taxation system, tax rates, discrimination, fraud, the accuracy of the allocation, and money ethics regarding the perception of the taxpayer against the ethics of tax evasion.
The number of samples in the study were 130 individual taxpayers. The sampling technique in the study by convenience sampling method. Analysis of the data in this study aided by using SPSS 20. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression.
The results showed that the variables of the system of taxation, discrimination, and cheating a significant effect on the ethics of tax evasion, while the variable justice, tax rates, the accuracy of the allocation, ethics and money has no effect and no significant effect on the ethics of tax evasion.


Joint enhancement on strength and toughness provides a cutting-edge research frontier for metals and alloys. Conventional strengthening methods typically lead to suppressed ductility and fracture toughness. In this study, large-scale atomic simulation on the fracture process is performed featuring nanocrystals embedded with nano-scaled twin boundaries (TBs). Four toughening mechanisms by nano-scaled TBs are identified: (i) crack blunting through dislocation accommodation along the nano-scaled TBs; (ii) crack deflection in a manner of intragranular propagation; (iii) daughter crack formation along the nano-scaled TBs that further enhances the toughness and (iv) curved TB planes owing to an excessive pileup of geometrically necessary dislocations. These toughening mechanisms jointly dictate the mechanical behavior of nano-structured materials, and provide insights into the application of nano-scaled TBs with an aim to simultaneously obtain enhanced strength and toughness. New approaches to introduce these coherent internal defects into the nanostructure of crystalline materials are also proposed.


Potassium 6-oxo-7,13,16,22-tetraazatetracyclo[184.108.40.206,12.017,21]tricosa-1(20),8(23),9,11,14,16,18,21-octaen-2-yne-15-carboxylate was synthesized through a multi-step pathway, starting from commercially available 3-iodo-1,2-phenylenediamine. Structure characterization of this new substituted macrocyclic quinoxaline compound was achieved using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectral analysis. This new macrocyclic derivative demonstrated submicromolar potency on both Pim-1 and Pim-2 isoforms, with an interesting selectivity profile against a selected panel of human kinases.


There has been much recent research on high-speed projectiles entering water, but research on the selection of the material for supercavitating projectiles is limited. Some important properties of such projectiles—mass and moment of inertia, for example—are related to the material density, so the projectile's density has an important effect on the performance of the supercavitating projectile. This study, using Ansys fluent 19.0 simulation software, studied the details of water entry of four high-speed projectiles of the same shape but made of different materials: aluminum (2.7 g/cm 3 ), steel (7.85 g/cm 3 ), brass (8.5 g/cm 3 ), and tungsten alloy (17.5 g/cm 3 ). The cavity shape, ballistic and hydrodynamic characteristics, and cavity flow field characteristics of projectiles with different densities were analyzed for a water-entry velocity of 600 m/s. The results show that within 3 ms, the velocity of a projectile with a density of 2.7 g/cm 3 drops to 171.8 m/s, and the velocity of a projectile with a density of 17.5 g/cm 3 drops to 433.1 m/s. Increasing the density of the projectile evidently reduces the deceleration of the projectile. The drag coefficient depends, primarily on the size and shape of the projectile, only slightly on its density. Just after water-entry time, the higher the density of the projectile, the faster the expansion of its cavity wall. As time after water entry increases, the expansion velocity of the cavity wall gradually decreases. The simulation results show that the projectile head experiences the greatest pressure, producing a sharp peak, at the moment when it touches the water surface. During the flow stabilization phase, the lower the density of the projectile, the lower the pressure on the head of the projectile. The results of this study will help to guide the selection of material for supercavitating projectiles.


Stochastic and discrete polyaniline (PAn) granule were formed by the technique of cyclic voltammetry (CV) on Pt micro-disk electrode in H2SO4 aqueous solution of aniline(An). The results proved that electrochemical synthesized conditions, such as, concentration of H2SO4, aniline(An) and reverse potential of scan scope, scan rate, had obvious effect on the formation of stochastic and discrete PAn granule. The electrochemical behaviors of the type of granular PAn were investigated in normal electrolyte of Li-ion battery. The results proved that there were clear anodic current peak and cathodic current peak on the CV curves of the type of granular PAn. Meanwhile, the current peaks would disappear on PAn film sample electrode. The larger PAn granule, which formed at slower scan rate of electrochemical synthesized condition, not only exhibited higher capacity but also exhibited high degree reversible redox behavior.


This article describes the challenges encountered by helicopter airframe designers and the reasons why composite materials are increasingly used in their designs. The pros and cons of composite materials are discussed and examples of the use of composite materials are given. A discussion of the comparative cost of ownership of metallic and composite helicopter airframes is also included.

Keywords:

helicopter;
composite;
airframe;
helicopter airframe design;
cost of ownership


We report on the generation of powerful sub-20 fs deep UV pulses with 10 microJ level energy and broadly tunable in the 250-310 nm range. These pulses are produced by frequency doubling a high-power noncollinear optical parametric amplifier and compressed by a pair of MgF2 prisms to an almost transform-limited duration. Our results provide a power scaling by an order of magnitude with respect to previous works.


High-resolution (< 1 cm) roughness height measurements were made of the seafloor at seven locations on continental shelf sediments in water depths ranging from 18 to 50 m. Roughness profiles of the sediment-water interface were digitized primarily from stereo photogrammetric measurements of varying pathlengths and increments. The data show the rms roughness height varying from 0.3 to 2.3 cm for flat, featureless bottoms and rippled bottoms, respectively. Slopes of the roughness power spectra were calculated to be 1.5 to near 3.0 and depended to a large extent on contributions in higher spatial frequencies due to coarse sediments. Correlation lengths of different bottom types were estimated by using the Wiener-Khintchine theorem and examining the low-frequency behavior of the roughness spectra derived from the longest roughness profiles. Keywords-Microtopography, seafloor roughness, roughness power


The words in -wv, -oVroS are nearly all of participial formation, but isolated from the verb-system in form or use or both; a few are the result of transfer from v-stems. They comprise a number of simple nouns and adjectives, a group of adjective compounds with participial form as second member, and numerous proper names. 1. Simple nouns and adjectives.-The oldest of these, in point of isolation from the verb is obous, which represents a form that is in origin a participle of ed'eat,' but had already become an ordinary noun 'tooth' in the parent-speech. (cf. Skt. dant-, Lat dens, Goth. tunJrnus, etc.). The nominative obo's, parallel to bLbovs from *&6bvTS, preserves the normal IE. nominative formation for stems in -ont-, while all the other words to be mentioned accord with the usual Greek inflection of thematic participles with nominative in -wp (probably a Greek innovation due to the influence of v-stems). The latter occurs in the Ionic form o68&z (Hdt., Hippoc.), and in the compounds XavXLO8 wv, etc.,3 which as adjectives, though often


The article makes a culturologic study from three levels of the city literature since 1990s: one is an overall discussion of the rise of urban literature and its diverse cultural and aesthetic purports;the second is the exploration of the imaginative presentation of consumerist culture since 1990s and the contradictions connotated in consummerist value;The third is to further expound the narration of consumerist ways of life in city literature which is criticized for its nihilism values reflected in its efforts to either follow or transcend consumerism.


Purpose:To identify patterns of violence against women (VAW) in three communities in Alexandria, Egypt, and develop recommendations to address the issue. Design and Methods:One hundred fifty women were randomly selected and interviewed from each of the three settings representing an urban, squatter, and rural community in Alexandria, for a total sample of 450 women. Results:More than half (60% and 59.3%) of the squatter and rural women, as compared to less than half of urban women (41.3%), reported they were exposed to domestic violence (DV) at least once in their marriages. Rural and squatter women believed that husbands have a right to beat their wives and have sex with their wives whenever they desire. About half of urban, squatter, and rural women (48.4%, 56.7%, and 61%, respectively) did not seek help when they were beaten despite incurring injuries. Exposure to DV was associated with many factors including the woman's education, occupation, number of children, and socioeconomic status. Clinical Implications:The following recommendations are made: empowering women and girls to lead change by increasing their access to education and information; meeting the needs of abused women; mobilizing advocacy initiative by enlisting social, political, and other leaders to speak about VAW; changing policies and legislation to address gender-based violence; conducting education, awareness, and sensitization programs highlighting the problem; screening for violence in healthcare facilities and developing culture sensitive protocols for prevention and interventions for DV; and promoting nurses' participation and involving men in movements to end VAW.


Abstract Objective To determine whether treatment of isolated stable Weber B type ankle fractures with a cast or a simple orthotic device for three weeks produces non-inferior outcomes compared with conventional immobilisation in a cast for six weeks. Design Randomised, pragmatic, non-inferiority, clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment. Setting Two major trauma centres in Finland, 22 December 2012 to 6 June 2016. Participants 247 skeletally mature patients aged 16 years or older with an isolated Weber B type fibula fracture and congruent ankle mortise in static ankle radiographs. Interventions Participants were randomly allocated to conventional six week cast immobilisation (n=84) or three week treatment either in a cast (n=83) or in a simple orthosis (n=80). Main outcome measures The primary, non-inferiority, intention-to-treat outcome was the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score at 12 months (OMAS; range 0-100; higher scores indicate better outcomes and fewer symptoms). The predefined non-inferiority margin for the primary outcome was −8.8 points. Secondary outcomes were ankle function, pain, quality of life, ankle motion, and radiographic outcome. Follow-up assessments were performed at 6, 12, and 52 weeks. Results 212 of 247 randomised participants (86%) completed the study. At 52 weeks, the mean OMAS was 87.6 (SD 18.3) in the six week cast group, 91.7 (SD 12.9) in the three week cast group, and 89.8 (SD 18.4) in the three week orthosis group. The between group difference at 52 weeks for the three week cast versus six week cast was 3.6 points (95% confidence interval −1.9 to 9.1, P=0.20), and for the three week orthosis versus six week cast was 1.7 points (−4.0 to 7.3, P=0.56). In both comparisons, the confidence intervals did not include the predefined inferiority margin of −8.8 points. The only statistically significant between group differences observed in the secondary outcomes and harms in the two primary comparisons were slight improvement in ankle plantar flexion and incidence of deep vein thrombosis, both in the three week orthosis group versus six week cast group. Conclusion Immobilisation for three weeks with a cast or orthosis was non-inferior to conventional cast immobilisation for six weeks in the treatment of an isolated stable Weber B type fracture. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01758835.


Haemorrhoids is a very common condition that a physician would encounter in day to day practice. However, haemorrhoids in children is not as common. The only known treatment for the condition in conventional medicine is surgical excision, which is generally not favoured at this age. The case reported here is that of an internal haemorrhoids in a 12-year-old child, who was treated successfully with homoeopathic medicine. The patient has been observed for more than 2 years without recurrence. Photographs were taken before and after treatment to record changes in the condition. Non-recurrence of complaint in the past two and half years suggests that a 'near permanent' cure is achievable through individualised homoeopathic treatment.


Introduction: Anguli pramana is a unique concept in Ayurved. It was stated by acharyas at times when there was no any sort of standardised unit of measurements. Acharyas have mentioned Anguli pramana for various parts of the body. In respect of male and female gender, no separate anthropometric values found to be mentioned. Hence, the present study aimed at gender wise consideration of Anguli pramana. Method: After seeking ethical permission, 770 healthy participants of both gender between age group 18-50 years in Ahmednagar and Nashik region were selected for the study. Measurements were taken for selected body parts. The middle finger width of the right hand at proximal interphalangeal joint was used as a unit for Anguli pramana. Collected data treated with the Student's t test for inference. Result: Measured values for selected parameters when compared with the standard values stated by acharya in both genders found statistically different except for a few i.e., Pad parinah and Pad vistar. Discussion: Variations in Anguli pramana may be due to evolutionary changes and lifestyle in the present era. The present study concluded that Anguli pramana is not valid in the present era. Its validity was checked according to gender separately. Though the findings are confined to the selected sample size and selected parameters, it could further be extended to arrive at generalization.


The medical environment can be regarded as being composed of two layers an organizational superstructure and a substructure. The former includes organizational adaptations such as laws, regulations, customs, hospital organization, methods of paying doctors and insurance plans, all of which can be changed if enough people agree. These factors shape medical practice to a varying degree. But good organization is a collective adaptation to factors that are hard to change the climate, industry, prevalent diseases and injuries, the population density, the educational level of the community, the supply of doctors and resources such as hospital beds, and the current state of medical science. These factors constitute the substructLlre; some of them can be changed, but slowly and with much effort. The substructure profoundly shapes the way we practise, whether or not we are conscious of it.


The propagation of sigma meson in nuclear matter is studied in the Walecka model, assuming that the sigma couples to a pair of nucleon-antinucleon states and to particle-hole states, including the in medium effect of sigma-omega mixing. We have also considered, by completeness, the coupling of sigma to two virtual pions. We have found that the sigma meson mass decreases respect to its value in vacuum and that the contribution of the sigma omega mixing effect on the mass shift is relatively small.


Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Abstract It has been customary in the last few decades to employ stochastic models to represent complex data sets encountered in geophysics, particularly in hydrology. This article reviews a deterministic geometric procedure to data modeling, one that represents whole data sets as derived distributions of simple multifractal measures via fractal functions. 5 It is shown how such a procedure may lead to faithful holistic representations of existing geophysical data sets that, while complementing existing representations via stochas-tic methods, may also provide a compact language for geophysical complexity. The implications of these ideas, both scientific and philosophical, are stressed.


We had conducted forced vibration tests of mock-up pile foundations from 1995 twice. To confirm the secular variation of the dynamic characteristics of the pile foundations, we repeated another forced vibration test utilizing the same models six years later. Through the comparison of both results, a difference in the dynamic stiffnesses was found, that is, an increase in the real part of the rocking spring is more appreciable than that of the sway. Increment of the rocking stiffness may be from the soil surrounding piles tightening due to the subsidence of the ground surface level under the foundations and hardened over the six years.


Stathmin as an endogenous ligand for TLR3 131 ABSTRACT Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA and is generally considered key in mediating anti-viral host defense responses. Yet, accumulating data on the expression and functional role of TLR3 especially in the CNS suggest possible additional roles for this unusual member of the TLR family. This prompted us to search for alternative agonists for TLR3 using adult human astrocytes as reporter cells. Using a genome-scale screen of a cDNA library derived from human tumor cells, we identified the microtubule regulator stathmin as an endogenous protein agonist for TLR3. The ability of stathmin to activate TLR3 crucially depends on an extended alpha helix which contains many negative charges. This feature allows stathmin to fold into a structural analog of double-stranded RNA. In this form it activates both surface-exposed and intracellular TLR3 in various cell types. The known expression profiles of stathmin in the CNS and the functional response of human astrocytes to stathmin-induced TLR3 activation suggest that both may play a role in organ development and repair especially in the central nervous system.


Soil is the main source of N 2O gas,thereby we reviewed some methods for extrapolation and prediction of N 2O flux measurements at regional and global scales.Furthermore,the advantages and disadvantages of the methods were discussed.