In this paper, we introduce a cargo transportation method with a new type of multi-rotor UAV platform known as T3-multirotor, to achieve stable and constant flight performance regardless of the type of cargo attached to the fuselage. The $T^{3}$-multirotor, which consists of the 'Thrust Generating Part' and the 'Fuselage Part', can directly control the relative attitude between the two parts using the novel servomechanism. By utilizing the servomechanism with the proposed relative attitude control strategy, the T3-multirotor with cargo attached to the fuselage part can behave as a multi-rotor with only the moment of inertia of the thrust generating part during entire transportation. This allows the T3-multirotor to achieve the reliable performance in the event of any cargo being attached to the fuselage, achieving stable platform motion control. Detailed hardware description and dynamic analysis of T3-Multirotor is performed in this paper, and the validity of the proposed control strategy is also analyzed. The feasibility of the proposed control strategy is verified through experimental results with analysis.


A new mechanical model for analysing the behaviour of axially loaded recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tubes (RACFSTs) stub columns is presented in this study. The model is derived from the typical elastoplasticity, the nonlinear elastic mechanics, and the properties of materials. Based on the mechanical model, a novel numerical program is developed. The mechanical model and the numerical program are adopted to study the effect of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage on RACFST mechanical behaviour. The complete load-deformation relationship of specimens, the steel tube axial and circumferential stresses, and the performance of the confined core concrete and the variation of interaction are also investigated. The analytical results indicate that this model is able to capture the mechanical behaviour of RACFST. It is also found that the axial and circumferential stresses of steel tube change nonlinearly during the loading stages. It is concluded that the behaviour of the confined core concrete is significantly influenced by the confining pressure. The steel tube confinement could improve the mechanical behaviour of RAC effectively and the RCA replacement percentage slightly changes the response of core concrete. Finally, the relations between confined core concrete and confining pressure are analysed.


In this paper, we consider the problem of large scale multi agent reinforcement learning. Firstly, we studied the representation problem of the pairwise value function to reduce the complexity of the interactions among agents. Secondly, we adopt a l2-norm trick to ensure the trivial term of the approximated value function is bounded. Thirdly, experimental results on battle game demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


It is necessary to track the rat in a Morris Water Maze for the research on spatial learning and memory of laboratory rats. In this paper,a video analysis system based on template matching and trajectory prediction is developed in order to effectively and accurately track the trajectories of the rats in the Morris Water Maze videos. The system can be automatically configured to any Morris Water Maze. Simple mouse operations are done to quickly and effectively locate the maze and the escape platform. Separation of the rat from the maze is based on the maximum interclass variance algorithm. A minimum area searching strategy based on template matching and trajectory prediction is developed to track and identify the swimming rat in the maze. Repeated experiments show that the system is reliable and can effectively identify and track the rat and obtain all the behavior parameters.


The aim of this work is to create a mobile app on iPhone which can scan the number of people in a certain place. The app can help avoiding big crowds in shops, supermarkets and even avoiding traffic jams. Initially it is shows a map which clusters the number of people in a certain place showing the number of people in a circle. The application can identify specific people upon their unique device ID, to reduce false positives. The system shares people location, but everything is anonymous, so in other to see other people the user has to share his location, but totally in a private and safe manner.


The home advantage phenomenon is a well-established feature in sports competitions. In this paper, we examine data from 1,908 soccer matches played in the German Bundesliga during the seasons from 2007-08 to 2015-16. Using a very rich data set, our econometric analysis that is based on matching methods reveals that the usual home advantage disappears when the game is in the middle of the week instead of being on the weekend. Our results indicate that, since the midweek matches are unevenly allocated among teams, the actual schedules of the Bundesliga favour teams with fewer home games in midweek. The paper also shows that these soccer-specific findings have some implications for the design of contests in general.


11 patients suffering from amenorrhea-galactorrhea, and 26 puerperas for whom lactation was not indicated were treated with 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine. The drug led to a regression of galactorrhea, and to normal menstrual cycles in all patients, except in one who was suffering from hypophyseal adenoma. Lactation was effectively inhibited in all 26 puerperas after only a few days of treatment. Results showed that 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine has a powerful inhibitory action on the hypophyseal secretion of prolactin, both during puerperium and in nonpuerperal conditions.


This paper studies how to apply game theory to realize a well-function device-to-device enabled vehicular (D2D-V) communication system, where the uplink channel allocated to the cellular user (CU) is reused by multiple D2D-V users. Considering a non-cooperative setting where the CU and D2D-V users are selfish and profit-driven, a novel Stackelberg game framework is proposed to model the single-leader-multiple-follower hierarchical competition, where the CU and D2D-V users act as the leader and the followers, respectively. For the current D2D-V networks, the interference in the dense vehicle scene often leads to extremely poor communication quality. Moreover, a vehicle's mobility leads to an uncertain channel state and further affects the stability of communication. To achieve effective communication, robust Stackelberg game-based resource allocation is developed, and a price-penalty mechanism is further proposed. Unlike previous Stackelberg games, the robust game is highlighted by handling the channel uncertainty which is embedded in the interference probability constraints. Besides, a game equilibrium (GE) is considered to be the solution and its existence and uniqueness are investigated. Also, a distributed robust power control and nonuniform price bargaining algorithm is proposed to approach the GE. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the algorithm performances, and the results indicate that the proposed algorithm is effective in high mobility vehicular networks under uncertain channel environments.


Traditional classification and recognition models are trained with an assumption that all possible classes are encountered during model training. When such models operate in the open-world, they can encounter observations from previously unknown classes, and are prone to making erroneous high-confidence predictions. In this work, we define the problem of hierarchical Open-Set Recognition (OSR) which seeks classification models that are able to identify if an observation belongs to an unknown class, and to provide information about how the unknown class relates to the known classes. As part of this work we introduce three novel approaches to hierarchical OSR, and a novel evaluation metric that conveys the ability of hierarchical OSR models to provide partial information for predictions. Through empirical results we demonstrate that one of our novel hierarchical OSR approaches outperforms competing methods. Finally, we introduce a use case that shows the benefit of hierarchical OSR for Automatic Target Recognition applications.


Objective To observe the synergy and attenuation of Dangguibuxue Decoction to 5-fluorouridine(5-Fu) in treating mice with H22 hepatoma.Methods The well growing ascites was taken out with asepsis to be the source of carcinoma and was diluted with normal saline at 1:3,then was inoculated hypodermically at the right axilla of mouse.24 hours after the inoculation,mice were randomly divided into 5 groups,bearing cancer control group,chemotherapy group,positive control group(Zhenqifuzheng Capsules),high-dose and low-dose of Dangguibuxue Decoction group.After 10 days of treatment,we calculated the tumor suppressing rate,counted the peripheral blood cells and bone marrow karyocytes,took the weight of the spleen and thymus,detected the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) in small intestine and nitric oxide(NO) in spleen.Results Dangguibuxue Decoction could elevate the tumor suppressing rate of 5-Fu on H22 hepatoma mice(P﹤0.01),antagonize the toxic and side effects of 5-Fu on the atrophy of the spleen and thoracic gland,the decrease of white blood cells,platelets and bone marrow karyocytes.Also it could decrease MDA in small intestine and NO in spleen of H22 hepatoma mice who were treated with 5-Fu(P0.05~0.01).Conclusion Dangguibuxue Decoction has the synergy and attenuation to 5-Fu in treating mice with H22 hepatoma.


The article, digested from a lecture, discusses the preservation of sleepers and other forms of railway timber by the "full cell" process. Other methods of treatment and a description of Baltic Redwood and its felling, haulage, transport, and manufacture into sleepers are also dealt with, however, as well as a typical creosoting depot and its activities. The laying of the sleepers and chairing processes are given.


Numerical model reduction is adopted for solving the microscale problem that arizes from computational homogenization of a model problem of porous media with displacement and pressure as unknown fields. A reduced basis is obtained for the pressure field using (i) spectral decomposition (SD) and (ii) proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). This strategy has been used in previous work—the main contribution of this article is the extension with an a posteriori estimator for assessing the error in (i) energy norm and in (ii) a given quantity of interest. The error estimator builds on previous work by the authors; the novelty presented in this article is the generalization of the estimator to a coupled problem, and, more importantly, to accommodate the estimator for a POD basis rather than the SD basis. Guaranteed, fully computable and low‐cost bounds are derived and the performance of the error estimates is demonstrated via numerical results.


Background: Homeless mentally ill (HMI) patients pose a major problem in our society. There are no specific, focused studies to understand the complex needs and the challenges faced by state and society in providing care of HMI patients in India. Objectives: This study was planned to understand the challenges faced by state and society in providing care to HMI. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of "HMI" patients from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2015, who were admitted to the Department of Psychiatry at National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India. Pathway to care and reintegration outcome characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: In our study, among 78 HMI patients admitted, police 32 (41%), public 32 (41%), and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) 14 (18%) were the first contacts who found HMI patients. In the 15 weeks of mean duration of inpatient care, 40 (51.3%) were reintegrated into the family through a multidisciplinary approach. However public, NGO, Clinicians had multiple challenges in admission, treatment services, rehabilitation, and aftercare of HMI patients. Conclusion: Holistic care and services for HMI patients are challenging and have multiple hurdles with the existing infrastructure in India. Better care might be possible with collaborative, multidisciplinary approach with NGOs, Rehabilitation centers, local police, judiciary, and psychiatric facilities. Mental Health Care Act 2017 has addressed above few challenges making admission procedure simpler, administering free treatment, involving police officers in the identification of HMI, admission to hospital, tracing HMI, and reintegration with the family.


From the Departments of Radiology and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis. School of Medicine, Sacramento, Calif. Received for publication Jan. 22, 1991; accepted in revised form April 24, 1992. No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. Reprint requests: Adam Greenspan, MD, Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2516 Stockton Blvd., TICON II, Sacramento, CA 95817. 3/l/3%98 were so smooth, an x-ray film of the opposite wrist was taken and a similar situation was noted (Fig. 1, B). These radiographic findings are typical of OS centrale carpi.


The Transmission System Operator and Distribution System Operator information exchange has been identified as a key subject to improve the performance of power systems. The standard assessment of the business objects needed to improve this exchange of information is illustrated in the paper. The standard assessment is based on the pertinent business and system Use Cases identified in European project TDX-ASSIST and on IEC Core Standards as defined in IEC 63097 Technical Report Smart Grid Roadmap. These standards are considered as standards having an enormous effect on any Smart Grid application and solution. They are seen as a backbone of a future Smart Grid. The used methodology based in three main steps is detailed and some examples of the standard assessment are described.


Objective: To explore the effect of Ginkgo on serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) of asthmatic mice. Methods: The asthmatic models of BALB/C mice were established by immunization with ovalbumin (OVA). Ginkgo solution (0.1%, 0.15 ml) was given by abdominal injection 1 hour before being excited. The content of serum IL-4 was measured by ELISA. Results: The level of serum IL-4 was higher in sensitized group than that in control group (P 0.05). The serum IL-4 level in treatment group was lower than that in sensitized group (P 0.05). Conclusions: Ginkgo solution could reduce the level of serum IL-4 in asthmatic mice and is a kind of anti-asthmatic traditional Chinese medicine worth exploring.


Research on alternative funding sources has constantly interacted with the more general research on entrepreneurship finance, in particular, Venture Capital (VC). Actually, theses body of researches allow to be the main determinants of development practices compatible with Islamic VC such as Musharakah and Mudarabah (MM it's necessary to articulate with the Shari'a. Despite these results are sketchy on what to include and how to get there. This article adopts a theoretical perspective and attempts to go back almost chronologically on alternative funding sources approach that have been adopted to compare the practices of Western and Islamic VC (M&M). In doing so, it shows that these practices constitute crucial source of financing tailored to innovation and small medium companies (SMC) with high growth potential, but underline how they respond, complement, stand out. However, this article suggests that both practical alternative funding sources based on this cooperative relationship is mutually beneficial, but they are clearly different in terms of appearance "Halal" and offer these practices together, the more potential to achieve the desired integration.


Advances in dentistry, as well as the increased desire of patients to maintain their dentition, have lead to treatment of teeth that once would have been removed. The treatment, management and long-term retention of mandibular molar teeth exhibiting furcation involvement always have been a challenge, especially when the furcation involvement has progressed to a class III furcation. Hemi-section of the affected tooth helps preserve the tooth structure. This case report describes a simple procedure for hemisection in mandibular molar having advance grade III furcation involvement by vertical cut method and its subsequent restoration. [Joshi S et al NJIRM 2013; 4(1) : 147-153]


This paper deals with the Gnedenko system with multiple delay vacations.It is assumed that the life of the unit and the delay vacation time of the repairman are exponential distributions and the repair time of the unit and the vacation time of the repairman are general continuous distributions.By using the supplementary variables approach and generalized Markov process method,the Laplace transforms of the reliability and the mean time to first failure are attained.Meanwhile,the availability and the failure frequency of the system are obtained as well.


The global exponential stability of the equilibrium point of generalized delayed bidirectional associative memory(DBAM) neural networks with impulse effects was studied using the Lyapunov function and a 2-D Hanalay-type inequality.Several results characterized the aggregated effects of impulses and the dynamic properties of the impulse-free DBAM on the exponential stability of the DBAM under consideration.It is shown that impulsive DBAM will preserve the global exponential stability of the impulse-free DBAM even if the impulses have enlarging effects on the states of neurons.The effectiveness of the theoretical results was validated by a numerical example.


Since the 1990s, there has been a significant increase in severity and frequency of natural disasters, and the numbers of post-disaster displaced people has followed a similar increasing trend. Most recently, devastation from Hurricane Harvey resulted in the prolonged displacement for nearly 40,000 people, with 8,000 families occupying all vacant rental options/hotels and an additional 30,000 in emergency shelters. Such an increase in the number of displaced people results in an increased importance for disaster relief housing, focused around transitional housing in post-disaster settings. The variety in temporary housing creates an ambiguity within the supply chain which dissembles the resource dynamics that were established as essential for communities to function and adapt successfully in the aftermath of disasters. To overcome such challenge, demand forecasts and a newsvendor supply chain optimization model for manufactured temporary housing are utilized to provide the affected region with the ability to prepare in advance for their displaced population, producing a reduced length of recovery, and therefore, increasing the resilience of the community. This optimization model provides a potential reduction between $119 million and $243 million in expected loss in comparison to the baseline inventories that U.S. response agencies historically stock.


Industrial sectors rely on electrical inverter drives to power their various load segments. Because the majority of their load is nonlinear, their drive system behaviour is unpredictable. Manufacturers continue to invest much in research and development to ensure that the device can resist any disturbances caused by the power system or load-side changes. The literature in this field of study depicts numerous effects caused by harmonics, a sudden inrush of currents, power interruption in all phases, leakage current effects and torque control of the system, among others. These and numerous other effects have been discovered as a result of research, and the inverter drive has been enhanced to a more advanced device than its earlier version. Despite these measures, inverter drives continue to operate poorly and frequently fail throughout the warranty term. This failure analysis is used as the basis for this research work, which presents a method for forecasting faulty sections using power system parameters. The said parameters were obtained by field-test dataset analysis in industrial premises. The prediction parameter is established by the examination of field research test data. The same data are used to train the machine learning system for future pre-emptive action. When exposed to live data feeds, the algorithm may forecast the future and suggest the same. Thus, when comparing the current status of the device to the planned study effort, the latter provides an advantage in terms of safeguarding the device and avoiding a brief period of total shutdown. As a result, the machine learning model was trained using the tested dataset and employed for prediction purposes; as a result, it provides a more accurate prediction, which benefits end consumers rather than improving the power system's grid-side difficulties.


Main aim of present study is to evaluate anthelmintic potential of hydro - alcoholic extract of Ailanthus excelsa stem bark. During the study period, concentration (100mg/5ml, 250mg/5ml, 500mg/5ml) of hydro - alcoholic extract were used for determining the paralysis time and death time of earthworms (Pheretima posthuma). At the concentration of 500mg/5ml time required for paralysis (60±0.81 min) and death (73±2.44 min) is minimum. The time required for paralysis and death of earthworms at the concentration of 250 mg/5ml is (229±1.29 min), (249±2.70 min) respectively and at the concentration of 100 mg/5ml time required for paralysis and death of earthworms was (499±1.29 min), (539.5±1.30 min).From the study it was observed that at the higher concentration of the extract time required for causing paralysis (60±0.81 min) and death of earthworms (73±2.44 min) is less in comparison to the time required for causing paralysis (120.5±1.29 min) and death (148±2.36 min) of earthworms by the standard drug ( Piperazine citrate).


The paper states the connotation and features of taxation and explains its the positive function to the development of enterprises.It puts forward strategies for taxation plan.


Evaluation of quality of cooking oil using integrated polarizer based on fluorescence polarization method has been carried out. Integrated polarizer used a green laser with a wavelength of 532 ± 10 nm. Measurements were made by observing changes in fluorescence polarization angles that occurs when without an external electric field and with the provision of an external electric field produced from two copper plates given a voltage of 0-6 kV. The samples used were new cooking oil and expired cooking oil, palm cooking oil that has been contaminated by chicken oil and lard. The test results show that the change in polarization angle on cooking oil expires is greater than the new cooking oil, as well as changes in the polarization angle in palm cooking oil that has been contaminated by lard is greater than pure palm cooking oil and palm cooking oil. This indicates that the saturated fatty acid content in lard is greater than that of pure palm cooking oil and chicken oil. With these results, the fluorescence polarization method is expected to be a method for evaluating halal cooking oil.


Intersections are mainly considered as critical elements of road networks in terms of air quality impact, and their control type and geometric configuration can affect significantly vehicular emissions. This study aims mainly to investigate the effect of traffic flow on the level of pollution at a selected intersection in Kerbela city. Hence, the video camera has been installed for three normal days to investigate the traffic flow fluctuation for 24h. Then, Gasmet has been used for investigating the amount of emission for both CO2 and CO within the peak hour. A well-known SIDRA 8.0 has been used for analyzing the intersection. The results indicated that the CO2 is exceeded the acceptable limit with worse traffic operations for both selected intersections.


This paper proposes a new structure of the dual-rotor hybrid-excited axial-flux permanent magnet vernier machine (DR-HEAFPMVM) with the modular stator and the consequent-pole PM (CPM) rotor for low-speed, high torque density applications such as in-wheel electric vehicles. The tooth-wound non-overlapping armature windings and direct current (DC) excitation windings are respectively arranged in stator main-teeth and split-teeth to obtain the modulated and adjustable air-gap flux densities, which result in the high torque density and outstanding flux-weakening capability. First, the design consideration, operation principle, and the air-gap flux density distributions of the proposed machine are elaborated based on the air-gap permeance function. Then, the influence of the pole ratios (PRs) and the DC excitation currents on the main electromagnetic performances of the DR-HEAFPMVM, such as the flux-weakening capability, back-electromotive force (back-EMF), on-load electromagnetic torque, loss distribution, and efficiencies, is investigated using the 3-D finite-element method (FEM). Results verify the feasibility of the flux adjustment of the DC excitation windings equipped in the split-tooth, and the design with a pole ratio of 8/1 tends to have higher torque density, higher machine efficiency, and considerable flux-weakening capability compared with the other two PRs.


In South Africa, tourism is considered an important sector for the achievement of shared growth, which involves expanding the role of small firms, especially owned by Black South Africans. The task in this article is to review existing research on the challenges for shared growth and of government initiatives for promoting tourism small enterprises in South Africa.


Collaborative creativity, dark energy, and anime's global success Sub Title 協調的創造性、ダーク・エナジー、アニメのグローバルな成功 Author Condry, Ian Publisher 慶應義塾大学湘南藤沢学会 Publication year 2013 Jtitle Keio SFC journal Vol.13, No.1 (2013. ) ,p.3546 Abstract In this essay, I give an overview of some of the main ideas of my new book The Soul of Anime: Collaborative Creativity and Japan's Media Success Story. Drawing on ethnographic research, including fieldwork at Madhouse, as well as a historical consideration of the original Gundam series, I discuss how anime can be best understood in terms of platforms for collaborative creativity. I argue that the global success of Japanese animation has grown out of a collective social energy that operates across industries—including those that produce film, television, manga (comic books), and toys and other licensed merchandise—and connects fans to the creators of anime. For me, this collective social energy is the soul of anime. Notes 特集 日本研究プラットフォーム・ラボとSFCの国際化戦略 : 「新しい『日本研究』の理論と実践」プロジェクトを中心に#招待論文 Genre Journal Article URL http://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php?koara_id=0402-1301-0003


BACKGROUND
The 2019 Canada's Food Guide (CFG) recommends that foods containing mostly unsaturated fat (UFA) should replace foods that contain mostly saturated fat (SFA) to reduce SFA intakes.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to model the theoretical changes in intake of SFA at the population level if all Canadians adhered to that recommendation.

DESIGN
Dietary intakes from 24-hour recalls in the nationally representative 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey - Nutrition were used for these analyses. Foods identified as high in SFA based on Health Canada's criteria (≥2g of SFA per reference amount and/or ≥15%E of the food's content as SFA) were replaced by an equal amount (g per g) of substitution foods that were lower in SFA and had a higher UFA:SFA ratio. Distributions of SFA and other nutrients before and after substitutions were estimated using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method based on dietary intakes data from a 24-hr recall repeated in 37% of the population.

RESULTS
The mean (95%CI) dietary SFA intake among Canadians 2 y or older would be theoretically reduced from 10.8%E (10.7, 11.0) to 5.8%E (5.7, 5.9) if all high SFA foods consumed were replaced by the corresponding low SFA/high UFA foods. Modeled usual intake of SFA after substitution was <10%E in 100% of Canadians, irrespective of sex and age. Almost half (44%) of the modeled reduction in SFA intake was attributed to replacement of SFA-rich foods not recommended in the 2019 CFG.

CONCLUSIONS
This food-based substitution modeling analysis suggests that consumption of SFA would be below 10%E in Canada if all Canadians adhered to the 2019 CFG recommendation that foods that contain mostly UFA should replace foods that contain mostly SFA.


Abstract We have studied hybrid passivation coating materials and methods that can achieve good surface hardness using organic and inorganic materials. The passivation layers formed using synthesized passivation agent based on urethane acrylate resins. High-hardness hybrid passivation films were prepared by adding Al2O3 nanoparticles as inorganic fillers to improve the hardness. This can compensate for the poor scratch resistance, which is a problem of existing passivation films, and the prepared films have excellent properties according to an analysis of its various physical properties, and they also have high surface hardness, thus securing their applicability to other organic electronic device fields. In addition, an optimized hybrid passivation film was applied to OLED devices in order to improve the electrical and optical characteristics as well as stability.


The polygons represent selected features from the New Jersey State Farmland Preservation Program (NJSFPP) that are available for public distribution. Included in this dataset are all farms that have been preserved in the NJSFPP; and farms that have received final approval for funding to the NJSFPP. The NJFPP shape file has a relational database containing attributes for the various aspects of the Program. The New Jersey Department of Agriculture (NJDA), State Agriculture Development Committee (SADC), administers the NJSFPP. The NJFPP dataset represents the status of the Program from January 23, 1983, inception of the program, through the current publication date. DISCLAIMER Any use of this product with respect to accuracy and precision shall be the sole responsibility of the user. The configuration and geo-referenced location of parcel polygons in this data layer are approximate and were developed primarily for planning purposes. The geodetic accuracy and precision of the GIS data contained in this file and map shall not be, nor are intended to be, relied upon in matters requiring delineation and location of true ground horizontal and/or vertical controls as would be obtained by an actual ground survey conducted by a licensed Professional Land Surveyor.


Background: Routine circumcision of boys is a common practice in Tanzania. Because sometimes it is performed by persons with no surgical training, complications, including urethro-cutaneous fistula (UCF), are not uncommon. Methods: Five boys whose ages ranged between 4 and 12 years with UCF were seen at four Dar es Salaam hospitals between 2002 and 2005. Personal particulars, the personnel doing the circumcision, description of the repair and follow up were recorded on a data sheet. Intravenous Augmentin was given at induction of anaesthesia for the fistula repair. A urethral catheter was inserted, and then a tourniquet was applied at the base of the penis. After incision and development of skin flaps the urethra was closed, a layer of dartos fascia interposed, followed by closure of the skin, all with 6/0 Vicryl. A compression dressing was applied, and the catheter was left in for 5-7 days. Results: The boys ranged in age between 5 and 12 years, and had undergone circumcision at age 2 to 12 years. All patients were circumcised by paramedical personnel or a traditional practitioner. Urine leakage commenced 2 days to 2 weeks after circumcision. Four boys had coronal while one had a glandular UCF. No post repair complication was reported after follow up of 3 to 20 weeks. Conclusion: Use of fine synthetic absorbable sutures and careful closure of the fistula with interposition of a pedicles dartos graft, are the main prerequisites for success. Attention to details of surgical technique can produce consistently good results in repair of UCF.


The role of the New York Metropolitan Area Geriatrics Society (MAGS), an affiliate of the American Geriatrics Society, in supporting educational activities in the 11 academic geriatric medicine fellowship programs in the metropolitan area is described. A 1991 survey of each program's educational resources revealed a striking disparity in the self‐perceived quality of the various program components at each site and a unanimous interest in sharing and complementing existing activities. Whereas all programs were positive about the strength of their conferences and grand rounds and the interest of their teaching faculty, they were generally concerned about their home care component; clinical research; and, most of all, the time availability of their teaching faculty. Through MAGS, a number of activities have been developed to help support the fellowship programs. Opportunity for intersite exchange of geriatric fellows is being actively pursued. This cooperative effort may be a model for similar activity in ot...


Abstract This paper reviews various types of application of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to understanding live biological systems. These are then illustrated with examples from the study of plant free radical and redox processes in tissue samples and intact specimens in vivo .  Experimental procedures are critically presented along with examples of applications that include the elucidation of normal biochemical processes, as well as the responses of plants to abiotic and biotic stresses. Procedures presented include various approaches for discriminating between different types of free radical, the real time observation of variations in the rates of total free radical generation in response to changes in a plant's environment, the identification of transition metal ion speciation, and the measurement of transport processes in vivo .  Keywords: EPR, plant, in vivo, free radical, redox


The reduction of p-nitrobenzoic acid by rat liver was studied by measurement of the disappearance of p-nitrobenzoic acid and the formation of p-hydroxyaminobenzoic acid and of p-aminobenzoic acid. The mechanisms by which flavin mononucleotide stimulates, oxygen inhibits, and phenobarbital and methylcholanthrene induce this enzyme system were particularly investigated. The NADPH-linked and NADH-linked reductases of p-nitrobenzoic acid were assumed to be separate enzymes because of differences in their intracellular localization. The rate of the NADH-linked reduction of p-nitrobenzoic acid of p-hydroxyaminobenzoic acid is neglible in microsomes whereas the rate of the NADPH-linked reduction of p-nitrobenzoic acid to p-hydroxyaminobenzoic acid is comparable to that of the reduction of p-hydroxyaminobenzoic acid to p-aminobenzoic acid. The reduction of p-nitrobenzoic acid to p-hydroxyaminobenzoic acid is stimulated by flavin mononucleotide, and the reduced compound accumulates in the incubation mixtures. Oxygen strongly inhibits the same step, especially in the microsomal fraction. Phenobarbital treatment stimulates primarily the reduction of p-nitrobenzoic acid to p-hydroxyaminobenzoic acid by microsomes. p-Nitrobenzoic acid reductases of the supernatant fraction and of microsomes display different properties with respect to inhibition by oxygen and stimulation by phenobarbital.


This paper, the first of two companion papers, proposes a methodology for evaluating system life of an automotive wheel-bearing unit of double-row angular-contact ball bearing type. The load distribution of rolling elements can be obtained by solving the equilibrium equations of ststically loaded double row angular contact ball bearing. The system life is calculated by Lundberg and Palmgren's equations, a classical sub-surface failure theory. Axle load per wheel, height center of gravity, wheel track, dynamic tire radius, wheel offset, coonering condition, and internal design variables of the unit are necessary for calculating of wheel bearing system life. A computer program is developed and applied to the analysis of a real wheel-bearing unit model. Analysis results demonstrate the effectiveness of the analysis method suggested in this study. The second paper (Part II) will be presented for design methodology of wheel bearing unit.


It is common knowledge that the welding arc is affected by the surrounding atmosphere (gas and pressure) and it was believed, prior to starting the present work, that metallurgical problems could also occur under hyperbaric conditions. These were mainly associated with the belief that some atmospheres could increase the heat extraction and consequently the cooling rates of the weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ). Other potential problems were alteration of the bead shape and slag cover, due to a change in the balance of surface tensions, variation in the chemistry of the weld metal and variation in the weld metal hydrogen content.

A research program was undertaken by the Materials Department, (Underwater Welding Group) of the Cranfield Institute of Technology to assess the performance of different makes of shielded metal arc welding electrodes under hyperbaric conditions and to identify potential metallurgical problems associated with welding in different gases at high pressure. All welds were carried out in unmanned hyperbaric chambers which were adapted and developed from pre-existing equipment in order to satisfy the needs of the present project. The most important feature was the use of remotely controlled welding torches which had the capability of simulating closely the movements of direct manipulation by a welder and, in these circumstances, the results can be directly extrapolated to a real situation. The workplace was bolted to a table which could be moved longitudinally by a motor, allowing an accurately controlled welding speed. Other features of the hyperbaric chambers included a powered wire brush for deslagging and atmosphere filtration equipment required to maintain good visibility inside the chamber, systems for providing and monitoring pre and post welding heat treatment and for controlling and monitoring humidity. This report is intended to present the results of the tests carried out during the final stages of the project and to give an overall view of the work.


Let X be a reflexive Banach space and be a family of weakly continuous operators which map X to X. Conditions are provided which guarantee the existence and the uniqueness to the Cauchy initial value problem


We present an upper bound on the error probability achievable using variable-length stop feedback (VLSF) codes, for a fixed size of the information payload and a given constraint on the maximum latency and the average service time. Differently from the bound proposed in Polyanskiy et al. (2011), which pertains to the scenario in which the stop signal is sent over a noiseless feedback channel, our bound applies to the practically relevant setup in which the feedback link is noisy. Numerical evaluation of our bound suggests that, for fixed latency and reliability constraints, noise in the feedback link may increase the minimum average service time for the VLSF scheme considered in this paper, to the extent that fixed-length codes without feedback may be preferable in some scenarios.


Instructors generally convey their face to face habits to synchronous virtual classrooms, but these face to face strategies do not work in these environments. In this sense, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of question type and answer format used in synchronous class implementations on perceived interest and usefulness. To do this, questions were asked in different ways and answers were requested in different formats in synchronous virtual sessions. The participants consisted of 28 postgraduate students registered in an online criminal justice program at a university located in the North-East part of Turkey. Data was collected in the context of a Research Methods in Security Sciences course during 2012–2013 fall semester. Results showed effects of question type on learner interest, while answer format has an effect on usefulness of online activities. In conclusion, to increase interest in synchronous virtual classrooms by asking questions, instead of closed-ended questions, open-ended questions which everybody can answer should be preferred.


The proliferation of consumer Internet of Things (IoT) devices offers as many convenient benefits as it poses significant vulnerabilities. Patching or otherwise mitigating these vulnerabilities will be difficult for the existing home security ecosystem. This paper proposes a central security manager that is built on top of the smarthome's hub or gateway router and positioned to intercept all traffic to and from devices. Aware of the status of all devices in the home and of reported vulnerabilities, the security manager could intervene as needed to deter or alleviate many types of security risks. Modules built atop this manager could offer convenient installation of software updates, filter traffic that might otherwise exploit devices, and strengthen authentication for both legacy and future devices. We believe that this design offers the potential to increase security for smarthome IoT devices, and we encourage other researchers and regulators to explore and extend our ideas.


Sarcasm is defined as witty language used to convey insults or scorn. It is utilized for remarks that obviously mean the opposite individuals need to state, made keeping in mind the end goal to offend someone or to reprimand something hilariously. While speaking, it is very easy to distinguish sarcasm utilizing pitch of voice, gesture, facial expression etc. But in textual data, it is difficult to detect sarcasm due to lack of described factors. Sentimental analysis is used to know someone's opinion, attitude towards particular event, company etc. Sarcasm is one type of person's sentiment but used for taunting, insulting, to make fun of someone. Various algorithms are proposed to detect sarcasm based on different features, domains and type of sarcasm. We used a Hadoop based framework that utilized live tweets, process it and use hybrid algorithm which identifies sarcastic sentiment efficiently. Hybrid approach consider lexical and hyperbole feature to improve performance of system by increasing accuracy, precision, F-score.


Constitutional GATA2 deficiency caused by heterozygous germline GATA2 mutations has a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes including systemic infections, lymphedema, cytopenias, myelodysplasia, and a high risk of developing myeloid leukemias. GATA2 deficiency is recognized as a major MDS predisposition syndrome, germline GATA2 mutations are found in 7% of primary MDS cases in children and adolescents. Monosomy 7 and trisomy 8 are frequent chromosomal abnormalities in GATA2 deficiency and features of disease prognosis and malignant transformation. GATA2 mutations mostly affect two zinc finger domains and broadly classify into three major categories: missense, null, and regulatory region mutations. Profound monocytopenia, B-cell and NK-cell lymphopenias, and dendritic cell deficiency are specific for GATA2 deficiency. Absence of multi-lymphoid progenitor and decreased granulocyte -macrophage progenitors occur early in disease. There are limited studies of gene expression profiles in GATA2 deficiency and these usually in bulk populations, partly due to the paucity of cells in patients. How GATA2 deficiency negatively affects hematopoiesis, especially the preferential loss of specific lineages, is poorly understood.
 We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of sorted bone marrow CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from eight GATA2 deficiency patients, who had various well characterized pathogenic GATA2 mutations and clinically manifest myelodysplasia (Fig A). We characterized transcriptomes in lineages, computationally defined cells with chromosomal abnormalities, and described gene expression of these cells. We first used gene expression signatures of single HSPCs from healthy donors to impute identity of stem cells or progenitors of erythroid/megakaryocytic (MEP), myeloid and lymphoid lineages, and then proceeded to reconstruct hematopoietic differentiation by pseudotemporal ordering. Mapping patients' cells onto normal hematopoiesis, we observed marked deficiency in granulocyte/monocyte/lymphocyte differentiation and relatively preserved MEP (Fig B, top). Based on signature genes of each differentiated lineage, we computed a score of gene expression to corresponding lineage in individual patient and found a significantly lower score for granulocyte/monocyte and B cell progenitors in patients, MEP scores tended to be higher in patients without significance (Fig B, bottom). Upregulated genes in patients' HSPCs related to erythroid differentiation, and cell cycle and proliferation (Fig C), while downregulated gene sets were highly enriched in immune responses (Fig D). Differential co-expressed genes were defined by weighted correlation network analysis; they were enriched in immune response and DNA repair (genes exhibited higher correlation in MTOR and T cell receptor signaling pathway in patients [Fig E]). We observed differential effects of GATA2 mutations in distinct lineages, which could only be resolved with the single cell method in rare cell populations. In HSCs, upregulated genes were related to apoptosis and downregulated genes were involved in maintenance of quiescence and cell cycle; there was increased expression of erythroid/megakaryocytic priming programs and decreased expression of lymphoid priming programs. We also observed lower GATA2 expression levels at initial stages of hematopoiesis, likely contributing to disturbed stem cell homeostasis in GATA2 deficiency. DNA repair genes were downregulated in trisomy 8 cells, possibly rendering these cells vulnerable to second-hit somatic mutations and additional chromosomal abnormalities. Cells with complex cytogenetics had defects in multi-lineage differentiation and cell cycle.
 In conclusion, germline GATA2 mutations modulate gene expression and change gene coexpression patterns. Distinct lineages show different transcriptional profiles resulting from GATA2 mutations. The prominent deficiency in myeloid/lymphoid lineages in GATA2 deficiency is partly due to expression of aberrant gene programs in HSCs prior to lineage commitment.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The relationship between the soil moisture content and the leaf transfer coefficient for water vapor C e was examined. The correlation between these variables are represented by the soil moisture content at the wilting point, and a numerical parameter that changes with vegetation type and soil type. The present C e model that considers these soil parameters was examined, with a simulation of the heat balance over a sorghum field conducted using the canopy model and routine meteorological data. The calculated results agree well with observed values. The relationship between the spectral reflectance and C e was also examined. The value of C e decreases with decreasing the reflectance ratio (r1220 nm/r1550 nm) and vegetation vigor index (VVI * ). The VVI * is a useful index to obtain information concerning the vegetation vigor when the soil moisture content is not known.


ABSTRACT Time-evolution of the vibrational states of two interacting harmonic oscillators in the local mode scheme is presented. A local-to-normal mode transition (LNT) is identified and studied from temporal perspective through time-dependent frequencies of the oscillators. The LNT is established as a polyad-breaking phenomenon from the local standpoint for the stretching degrees of freedom in a triatomic molecule. This study is carried out in the algebraic representation of bosonic operators. The dynamics of the states are determined via the solutions of the corresponding nonlinear Ermakov equation and a local time-dependent polyad is obtained as a tool to identify the LNT. Applications of this formalism to H2O, CO2, O3 and NO2 molecules in the adiabatic, sudden and linear regime are considered.


The FDA has approved a dextroamphetamine transdermal patch (Xelstrym – Noven) for once-daily treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients ≥6 years old. Xelstrym is the first transdermal amphetamine product to be approved in the US. A methylphenidate transdermal patch (Daytrana, and generics) has been available for years for treatment of ADHD.


New antimicrobial compounds are urgently needed to fight infective diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant human pathogens. AntiMicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are attractive candidates as they can both directly kill microbes and modulate immune response.
Surprisingly, many human proteins whose functions are not necessarily related to host defense can behave as sources of AMPs. Some examples are lactoferrin, lysozyme or thrombin. Since these AMPs are hidden in large proteins, they can be defined "cryptic".
In order to identify by a rational approach further human proteins carrying new cryptic AMPs, a scoring function allowing a quantitative prediction of antibacterial activity was developed and validated analyzing the sequence of already known AMP releasing proteins.
Using this method to screen about 4'000 human extracellular proteins, a wide list of potential new AMPs was obtained. The main aim of the present PhD thesis is to select and characterize the most pharmacologically interesting potential AMPs in order to find candidates suited for the development of novel human antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. Firstly, I developed a novel cost-effective fusion system, particularly well-suited for the production of toxic peptides in E. coli. To avoid AMPs toxicity toward bacterial host, I rationally designed a carrier protein starting from a Rana pipiens ribonuclease, named onconase (ONC), that is expressed at high level (200 mg/L of culture) as inclusion bodies in E. coli. In order to optimize this method, a well-known AMP derived from human thrombin, named GKY20 was used as model peptide. Moreover, I demonstrated that this strategy also allows to prepare peptides with a N-terminal cysteine residues that could find many applications in basic and applied research like for example preparation of labeled peptides, protein ligation for the semi-synthesis of modified proteins, immobilization on supports etc.
Using this procedure I prepared and characterized several new human AMPs from 20 to almost 50 amino acids with yields of at least 10 mg/L of culture. Therefore, our method is complementary to chemical synthesis being particularly well-suited to prepare peptide longer than 20-25 residues. All these peptides show a broad antimicrobial activity on GRAM-negative and GRAM-positive bacteria, antibiofilm and immunomodulatory activity. Very interestingly, they proved to be both non-toxic on eukaryotic cells, providing AMPs of human origin particularly well suited to develop anti-infective drugs.


Objective To investigate the association between the condition and plasma uric acid(UA) level and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods Sixty-four patients with OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography were grouped according to Apnea Hypopnea Index(AHI).The plasma UA level was tested and the carotid intima-media thickness(IMT) was measured by color Doppler ultrasonography.The results were compared with 20 normal controls.Results The plasma UA levels in OSAHS mild sub-group(20 cases),moderate sub-group(22 cases),and severe sub-group(22 cases) were significant higher than normal control group.Moreover,there were the significant difference among 3 OSAHS sub-groups(all P0.01).The carotid IMT in OSAHS severe sub-group was significant greater than the normal control group and mild OSAHS sub-group(all P0.01).The plasma UA level in OSAHS patient was positively correlated with carotid IMT,AHI(r=0.746,r=0.798) and negatively correlated with lowest SpO2 during sleep(r=-0.754)(all P0.01).Conclusion The carotid IMT and plasma UA level in OSAHS patients are significantly increased and which can reflect the condition of OSAHS.


We report a rare case of gastric stromal tumor causing hemoperitoneum.A 60-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of genital bleeding. No gynecological disease was pointed out. A tumor about 10cm in diameter was found at patient's left hypochondriac region by an abdominal ultrasonography. Extra gastric submucosal tumor was diagnosed, and an extirpation of the tumor was performed. Microscopic diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma of the stomach. Immunohistochemically, the tumor showed negative responses for α-SMA (smooth muscle actin) and desmin (both are markers of muscular origin), slightly positive responses for S-100 and NSE (neuron specific enolase) (both are markers of neurogenic origin), and strongly positive responses for CD 34 (marker of non epithelioid region). Then, the definite diagnosis was gastric stromal tumor.We consider the mechanisms of hemoperitoneum from this stromal tumor, arising as genital bleeding, and resulted in death due to peritoneal dissemination.


The goal of community colleges is to serve local needs. Community colleges' low tuition helps keep higher education affordable for a diverse population. Distance learning holds the promise of providing yet another mechanism by which community colleges can bring education to a non-traditional student body. This paper explores the role of distance learning opportunities in community colleges within the context of today's current environmental scan.


Recently, hormonal therapy using abiraterone acetate, a second‐generation androgen receptor axis‐targeted agent, was reported to improve overall survival and progression‐free survival in men with LATITUDE‐high‐risk metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer. This observational multicenter study aimed to assess the efficacy of upfront abiraterone acetate in Japanese patients with LATITUDE‐high‐risk metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer.


Bangalore is a city of lakes. There are numerous lakes in Bangalore Urban and Rural districts with significant variations in the size of the lakes. The lakes are an essential water source to these areas in the absence of rivers. It is necessary to know the morphometry parameters of the lake and its catchment to compute the volume of water generated and stored in the lakes during rainfall events. The geometric aspects of the lake provide robust knowledge about the hydrologic response of the catchment to rainfall events. The delineation of lake and lake catchment is done in QGIS software. There are 131 lake catchments in the study area whose catchment area varies from 0.20km2 to 22.5km2. The geometric aspects' average values, namely form factor, compactness coefficient, elongation ratio, and circularity ratio, are 0.815, 1.8, 1, and 0.321, respectively. These parameters are derived from the lake catchment's area, perimeter, and length.


To identify the fatigue crack propagation of tubular joints in the offshore platform, we applied the wavelet coefficient energy theory to monitor and analyze the acoustic emission(AE) signal of marine structures with typical fatigue crack propagation. Based on typical tubular joints model fracture experiments of the offshore platforms, we successfully extracted the characteristics of AE signals during crack propagation. Further analysis results demonstrated that the elastic wave generated by the crack extension was superimposed by a variety of high frequency signals, and it changed with the evaluation of crack. The variation of wavelet coefficient energy and the change of crack propagation state showed a strong correlation. Thus the characteristics of AE signals can be used to identify different stages of crack propagation accurately, intuitively, and clearly, so as to label the development process of crack.


In Software-Defined Networking (SDN) domain, both SDN management and non-SDN network management co-exist, and may possibly integrate with each other in a unified manner. Thus in this interoperable network management scenario for SDN, many different meta-schemas might be utilized for information modeling of the same managed resource. This paper then tries to study the semantic interoperability problem of information modeling for SDN management from a formal viewpoint at the meta-schema level, introduces the thinking of extension and proposes a formal approach integrating the extension theory with the theory of concept lattices. Finally, case study validates that, proposed formal approach is feasible for semantic interoperability of management information modeling in SDN domain.


. Let ( M, g ) be a K¨ahler surface with a constant holomorphic sectional curvature k > 0, and Σ an immersed symplectic surface in M . Suppose Σ evolves along the mean curvature flow in M . In this paper, we show that the symplectic mean curvature flow exists for long time and converges to a holomorphic curve if the initial surface satisfies | A | 2 ≤ 23 | H | 2 + 12 k and cos α ≥ √ 306 or | A | 2 ≤ 23 | H | 2 + 45 k cos α and cos α ≥ 251265 .


Any serious effort to address global climate disruption will require effective technology transfer. Developing countries with growing emissions must somehow make emission reductions without curtailing the economic development needed to alleviate poverty. This must be done in order to permit global abatement on the scale required to avoid dangerous climate disruption. Given the limited financial and technical capabilities of developing countries, this task seems impossible without technology transfer As policymakers continue to embrace and enhance technology transfer options, it is critical to understand the relationship between technology transfer and policy development in order to formulate more effective policies. Whether through market mechanisms, such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), or direct aid programs, such as the Green Climate Fund, we argue that technology transfer programs must support the elaboration of policies in developing countries by addressing three key issues: additionality, appropriate scale and the promotion of knowledge spillovers. We use these three principles to provide a framework for assessing the potential of both the CDM and direct financial aid to foster meaningful technology transfer, which we define as technology transfer that not only lowers the overall short-run costs of carbon reductions, but also enhances the capacity of these countries to address climate change more thoroughly in the future. ********** Any serious effort to address global climate disruption will require effective technology transfer. To permit global abatement on the scale required to avoid dangerous climate disruption, developing countries with growing emissions must somehow make emission reductions without curtailing the economic development needed to alleviate poverty. Given the limited financial and technical capabilities of developing countries, this task seems impossible without technology transfer. Until recently, policymakers relied primarily on global carbon markets such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to foster technology transfer. However, such policies have been unable to deliver technology transfer at levels perceived as necessary by the international community. Acknowledging the insufficiency of current efforts at the 2009 UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, negotiators agreed to establish the Copenhagen Green Climate Fund. This fund would provide $100 billion per year by 2020 to support mitigation and adaptation actions in developing countries, a number that dwarfs the $2.7 billion value of all CDM transactions conducted in 2009. These programs might well fund carbon abatement and sequestration projects in developing countries that do not generate credits for the CDM program. As policymakers continue to embrace and enhance technology transfer options, it is critical to understand the relationship between technology transfer and policy elaboration in developing countries. Whether through market mechanisms, such as the CDM, or direct aid programs, such as the Green Climate Fund, we argue that technology transfer programs must support policy development in developing countries by addressing three key issues: the promotion of knowledge spillovers, additionality and appropriate scale. We use these three principles to provide a framework for assessing the potential of both the CDM and direct financial aid to foster meaningful technology transfer. Meaningful technology transfer not only lowers the overall short-run costs of carbon reductions, but also enhances the capacity of these countries to more thoroughly address climate change in the future. THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM AND DIRECT AID AS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TOOLS The CDM authorizes developed countries or their regulated firms to satisfy some of their emission reduction obligations under the Kyoto Protocol by purchasing emission reduction credits. These credits come from project developers implementing technological changes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries that have no obligations to reduce emissions. …


Following the formulation of the Identity Theory by Place and Smart a few years ago, there was considerable discussion of subjective mental states and of the importance of first-person reports of mental events. One concern was that the logical status of first-person claims might commit us to belief in irreducible mental phenomena referred to by such propositions. If so the Identity Theory would be false. Kurt Baier went so far as to argue that the incorrigibility of propositions such as "I have a pain" demonstrates that Smart's identification of sensations with brain states and processes is untenable. While there is no point to reintroducing historical discussions it is worth remarking because a more general problem is reflected in this kind of debate. This is the problem of how we expect our ordinary intuitions and ways of talking about something to affect our theoretical view of it or vice versa. In this particular instance it manifests itself as the question of the extent to which a theory of persons is to be dictated to or decided by the common and generally accepted intuitions embedded in our psychological language.


The paper introduces a method of five-phase step motor drivers and a pentagon winding link pattern. GAL device is used to produce control signal. The step motor chops by constant frequency and is driven by constant total current. The circuit performance is simple bur reliable.


Blue luminescence from Ta2Zn3O8 and green luminescence from Mn doped Ta2Zn3O8 has been observed under low voltage cathodoluminescent excitation. In this article, the luminescence mechanisms of Ta2Zn3O8 and Mn doped Ta2Zn3O8 are discussed in detail. The results suggest that the intrinsic blue luminescence of Ta2Zn3O8 results from a metal-to-ligand transition, whereas the green luminescence of Mn doped Ta2Zn3O8 results from the Mn 4T1–6A1 transition. The suppression of the blue intrinsic luminescence in Mn doped Ta2Zn3O8 suggests that efficient energy transfer from the host material to the Mn occurs. This energy transfer phenomenon is also discussed by comparing the photoluminescence excitation spectra of both thin film materials. Finally, the relative efficiency versus voltage and current density is demonstrated and discussed pertaining to field emission device operation.


The trochlear nerve participates in the extrinsic movement of the eyes through the superior oblique muscle. Its involvement is not frequent among lesions of the cranial nerves and when affected the etiology may be congenital, traumatic or related to hypertension. Lesions caused by traumatic brain injury usually occur in vehicle collisions, related to direct or frontal orbital trauma, and are more frequent in men than women.
The main signs include hypertropy, vertical diplopia, limitation of adduction depression and inclination of the head to the opposite side of the paralyzed superior oblique muscle, a maneuver known as positive Bielchowsky sign. This study aims to report the case of a 54 years old male patient who presented diplopia after a traumatic brain injury caused by a car accident, which led to the main hypothesis of left cranial nerve palsy. The weakness of the nerves involved in the eye movement, after a traumatic brain injury, is elegible for conservative and surgical treatment, which should be throughly analised to provide the best prognosis and therapeutic strategy.


This ISTFA panel discussed opportunities and challenges related to failure analysis facilities shared by multiple companies. The factors to consider and some examples of what's being done were presented and discussed by the panel members.


Tax manipulation comes in a variety of forms with different motivations and of varying complexities. This paper deals with a specific technique used by tax-evaders known as circular trading. In particular, algorithms are defined for the detection and analysis of circular trade. To achieve this, the whole system is modelled as a directed graph with the actors being vertices and the transactions among them as directed edges. The proposed algorithm is run on the commercial tax dataset of the government of Telangana, India, which contains the transaction details of a set of participants involved in a known circular trade.


Dentists frequently treat adults who experience mild to extreme anxiety about dental procedures. New information about the causes and treatment of such anxiety has emerged.


The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and Solvay announce the winners of the 2021 IUPAC-Solvay International Award for Young Chemists, presented for the best Ph.D. theses in the chemical sciences, as described in 1000-word essays.


Airline flight dispatchers are key variables in key strategy of an aviation company,the results of whose training directly affects the safety and efficiency of aviation operations.Aimed at some bottlenecks of air carriers for in the training of flight dispatchers and possible hidden dangers,plans for training,organization,implementation,inspection and the like others,and human resources strategy,resource allocation,and quality management of all aspects are thoroughly analyzed to locate the fundamental causes.Objective management as an effective tool is advocated,through the establishment of procedures to implement and improve the management of civil aviation regulations in the training of flight dispatchers,to improve the overall quality of flight dispatchers.


Genotypic differences in climatic adaptation were examined between two cultivated species of barnyard millet viz. Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link and E. crusgalii ssp. utilis (L.) P. Beauv on four characters (1) days to emergence of seedling from soil, (2) optimum thermal time for seedling emergence, (3) seedling root length and (4) grain yield under field condition at high altitude (2100m MSL) of Garhwal hills in the Himalayas on three different temperature regimes of sowing date in April, May and June, respectively. Climatic condition in April remained cool. Early emergence of seedling, requirement of low thermal time, normal development of root and high grain yield in April sowing provide greater acclimation to low atmospheric temperature at high hills to the cultivars of E. crusgalii ssp. utilis (L) P. Beauv.


To evaluate the effect of selegiline in the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease, in terms of cognitive performance, functional ability, emotional state (including behaviour and mood) and global response.


An amperometric enzyme electrode in a flow injection analysis system is described, based on cholesterol oxidase immobilised on nylon mesh and held over a platinum electrode in a modified three-electrode amperometric Stelte cell. The electrode is operated at +600 mV versus a silver-silver chloride reference electrode, using a carrier stream (2.3 cm3 min–1) of phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.0) containing Triton X-100 (1%). Owing to electrode interference by the solublising surfactant, aqueous cholesterol calibrating standards should be confined to ca. 1%V/V Triton X-100 when the calibration range used is 10 µM–1.035 mM of cholesterol. The response times of <60 s and a wash time (time between samples) of <90 s permit a fast throughput of samples.The enzyme electrode lifetime (ca. 6 weeks) is governed by the deleterious effect of the surfactant used for solubilising cholesterol and by cholesterol oxidase activity. As regards enzyme quality, isoelectric focusing and steric exclusion chromatography indicate the cholesterol oxidase to be more heterogeneous than the other enzymes (glucose oxidase, xanthine oxidase and peroxidase) examined.


Poor land use management systems and transportation management systems nowadays more visible in various areas in the East often lead to complicated problems. One segment of Timor Raya street is often jammed in Oesao Market area, this happens because of the many traders who trade on the curb lane to the shoulder of the road . In addition the number of vehicles parked on the shoulder of the road further aggravate the condition of the road especially at busy times.
From the results of the analysis indicate that the side friction road values were very high at 3998.60 events caused by the presence of market activity in the left and right side of the road, too many parked vehicles and pedestrian which is reducing the effective width of the road that directly affect the performance of the road itself . This problem caused actual speed at the road segment becoming increasingly low at 23,49 km/h with average travel time of 0.0125 hours . The results of analysis show that the level of service is at grade E. The biggest factor that is very influential in determining the level of service at the location is the market activity at the sides of the which increase the side friction


This paper attempts to present a comprehensive summary of research results in the use of visual information to control robot manipulators and related mechanisms. An extensive bibliography is provided which also includes important papers from the elemental disciplines upon which visual servoing is based. The research results are discussed in terms of historical context, common-ality of function, algorithmic approach and method of implementation.


Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain refers to pain of muscles in the orofacial region. There are significantly higher proportion of signs and symptoms of Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in those whom had both jaw and neck/shoulder muscles tenderness. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the existence and the relationship between Temporomandibular disorders and neck pain and the effect of neck treatment in improving the symptoms and signs of the disorder. Method: 39 patients were included in our study. All were examined and treated for Temporomandibular disorder as first line, then referred to rheumatologist for cervical spine assessment and neck treatment as second line of management. Result and Conclusion: about 88.2% of patients, presented complaining of Temporomandibular disorder symptoms had neck pain concomitantly and a significant improvement in neck pain was noticed when treating the Temporomandibular joint (P=0.001). The Temporomandibular joint symptoms were also significantly improved when neck is treated (P<0.001). Moreover and interestingly, 100% of those who did not report pain in the Temporomandibular joints, but presented only with clicking, had reported pain in the neck at presentation. Clicking in one or both Temporomandibular was reported in 56.7% of patients presented with pain in both neck and the temporomandibular joint .The study concluded that disorders of Temporomandibular Joint and neck are significantly related to each other. Pathology in one can influence the pathology in the other same as treatment of each of them shows improvement of the other as well. Although the result of this study is significant, but to provide evidence-based criteria for the clinician and for more understand cause and effect relationship, a more stratified, randomized control trail is needed to support involving cervical spine by physiotherapy.


In the strategies of the development of cities and regions, the significance of cultural sector for the sustainable and optimal socio-economic development is emphasized more and more often. The same refers to Poland where in last years the increasing interest in the broadly understood cultural sector in the context of searching new impulses for development from the state and local governments is observed. However, in the strategies of the development of culture besides main actors disseminating a culture, i.e. state and local cultural institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) acting in the field of culture play more and more important role. This study aims at analyzing the spatial impact of NGOs in the field of culture reflects a research direction concerning the changes in cultural services in Poland. This research has been conducted on the example of Torun Foundation Wszyscy Tworzymy Sztuke (WTS, Everybody Creates Art). Its creators noticing "a great need to bridge a gap between music and visual arts education in the group of children and youth attending comprehensive schools and education in the schools of arts" [www.fundacjawts.pl] have focused their efforts and actions on persons who wish to develop actively their talents but they do not aspire to start education in arts schools.
This study have demonstrated that the actions undertaken by single, relatively small NGO in the field of cultural sector may involve not only a city but also neighboring communes. In some small degree the activity of NGO may contribute to strengthen the range of the impact of a city. Functioning this type of organization in the field of cultural sector should be considered not only in the relation to a local community. What is more, considering active presence of NGO in the Internet it should be noted that there can be potentially unlimited range of the dissemination of effects in the context of the activity of the WTS Foundation.


Currently, osteoarthritis as degenerative chronic joint disease remains unsolved and finding the effective targeting therapeutic agent is pressing. Therefore, in this research, we aimed to investigate the effects of cardamonin, the NF-kb inhibitor, in cell model of osteoarthritis. IL-1β
 that induced chondrocytes served as the cell model of osteoarthritis. The cells were divided into control, IL-1β and IL-1+ cardamonin groups. Western blot assays were performed for assessment of protein expression level and PCR for gene level. Flow cytometry was used for cell
 apoptosis detection. MDA, LDH SOD and ROS were detected by corresponding kits. The NF-kb was activated by IL-1. The entrance of NF-kb into cell nucleus was inhibited by cardamonin in IL-1β-induced cells. The MDA, LDH and ROS were increased by IL-1β and SOD was down-regulated by IL-1β.
 This effect of IL-1β was reduced by cardamonin. The cell apoptosis and pro-apoptosis proteins were increased and BCl-2 was down-regulated in IL-1β-induced cells. After cardamonin treatment, this effect was inhibited. The extracellular matrix degradation as well as the relative degradation
 enzymes was elevated by IL-1β, and this effect was further inhibited by cardamonin as well. Cardamonin exerted protective effects via alleviating oxidative stress, cell apoptosis level and extracellular matrix degradation by inhibiting NF-kb in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Cardamonin
 as NF-kb inhibitor was a promising drug for therapy of osteoarthritis.


Sandia National Labs, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Sandia's Lab Directed Research and Development Program and the Veteran's Administration


Large scale energy conversion processes, like refineries and power plant are often located in a harbor industrial cluster. They heavily rely upon a single type of energy carrier and thus are vulnerable to price and availability variations. In the article we introduce the multi-fuel syngas infrastructure. It comprises fuel flexible gasifiers, a gas distribution network and syngas conversion processes. At a fuel input rate of hundreds of petajoules it can convert the optimal mix of natural gas, oil, coal, biomass and residues simultaneously to the required product portfolio. The freedom to pick the cheapest energy source at any time results in a balanced and relative low syngas price. Due to the feedstock flexibility annual gross revenues can be expected - in the range of 1-10 billion dollars for world-scale clusters. A multi-fuel syngas infrastructure thus will significantly contribute to the growth, strength and continuity of seaport regions.


Micro-energy harvesting is the process of scavenging small amounts of energy from the environment. This energy can come from different sources, like light, thermal gradients, vibrations, etc. In conjunction with low-power budget strategies, this energy is used to power systems and extend their battery life. Implantable devices, wearable computing or smart dust wireless sensors are examples of electronic systems that need energy harvesting to operate. This thesis addresses the issue of light micro-energy harvesting with both the energy transducer and the Power Management Unit (PMU) that boosts its input voltage and runs the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) on the same silicon substrate in standard CMOS technologies. The voltage generated by on-chip solar panels (photodiodes) is too low to power the electronics within the chip, making necessary the use of a voltage step-up converter. DC-DC converters are the solution to solve this challenge. Capacitive DC-DC converters, also called charge pumps, are particularly attractive because they can be fully integrated with a relative small form factor. Different models to study the performance of the charge pumps have been reported in the literature. Nevertheless, these models do not account for all the phenomena affecting the charge pumps. Therefore, new accurate models were developed in this thesis to help in the design process of charge pumps. On the one hand, a reliable, simple and reproducible model for the transient analysis of two-phase charge pumps including the charge reusing approach was developed. The model provides both charge and voltage time responses at every flying capacitor and at the output for both current and capacitive loads in the slow switching limit (SSL) region. The model accounts for both top and bottom flying parasitic capacitances and it is demonstrated that parasitic capacitances from the switches can be included as part of the top and bottom parasitic capacitances improving the accuracy of the model. The model was validated through circuit-level simulations and experimental results and compared with the main models in the literature, featuring better accuracy and saving up to 10000x in computation time. On the other hand, an accurate and simple model for the transient analysis of the joint effect of the photodiode and the charge pump driven by two clock signals was also developed in this thesis. The model also accounts for both top and bottom flying parasitic capacitances of the charge pumps. A classical model for the photodiode whose photogenerated current was extracted from device- level simulations was assumed. The joint model was verified by circuit-level simulations achieving high accuracy and computation time savings of up to 1700x. Finally, a new architecture of an energy harvesting system to improve the current solutions was proposed. The architecture of this micro-energy harvesting system consists of a PMU powered by a 1 mm2 on-chip solar cell to rise up the harvested voltage to an output voltage higher than 1.1 V, suitable for powering low-power circuits. The chip was fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology achieving a form factor of 1.575 mm2. The PMU includes a MPPT block which performs an open-loop and continuous MPPT without disconnecting the photodiode from the PMU, handling an input power range from nW to μW and overcoming state-of-the-art solutions. The PMU is able to start up from a harvested power of 2.38 nW without any external kick off or control signal achieving a peak efficiency of 57% during normal operation. This approach can be of interest for applications such as implantable devices, which demand long-time maintenance cycles along with the capability of handling low and wide input power ranges.


Abstract This paper compares data sources and image classification procedures for generating land cover data to support modeling of urban nonpoint source water pollution. Satellite imagery and aerial photography were evaluated using automated and semi‐automated classification techniques and manual airphoto interpretation. Differences were observed in the number of land cover categories that could be resolved and accuracy of classifications. The nonpoint source pollution model was insensitive to these differences when results were aggregated over the entire study area. Based on the cost of data and on processing times, the most cost‐effective data sources and techniques were determined for given study area sizes and required land cover category specificity. A supervised classification of remotely sensed satellite imagery was judged cost‐effective for urban areas larger than 130 square kilometers in size. This analysis assumed a single use of the satellite imagery; multiple use of the image would decrease t...


Study objective: assessing whether drug titration guided by the bispectral index in patients submitted to outpatient ophthalmological surgeries is associated with a decreased time of hospital discharge. Method: one hundred and eleven patients submitted to outpatient ophthalmological procedures performed under intravenous sedation associated with peribulbar block were selected for this study. Patients were randomized in two groups. In the control group, the anesthetist in charge administered sedation according to clinical parameters: maintaining the patient between 2 and 4 points in the Ramsay's sedation scale. In the other group, the bispectral index was monitored and sedation was performed with the purpose of maintaining its values between 70 and 85. Demographic data, drug dosage, length of procedures, post-surgical complications and time of hospital discharge were compared between the two groups. Results: groups have not shown statistical differences regarding demographic data, dosage of intravenous drugs and the dosage of local anesthetic administered. No difference was observed between groups regarding the length of the procedures, and the time of hospital discharge. The post-surgical complications detected were nausea and vomiting and post-surgical pain, however, with no statistically significant difference between groups. Conclusions: bispectral index monitoring has not been more effective than clinical monitorThe influence of the bispectral index in hospital time of patients undergoing ophthalmic procedures Adriano Bechara de Souza Hobaika1, Marcus Vinicius Gomez2, João Agostini Netto3, Kléber Costa de Castro Pires4 A influência do índice bispectral no tempo de alta hospitalar de pacientes submetidos a procedimentos oftalmológicos DOI: 10.5935/2238-3182.20150056


Continuous operation baler can effectively improve baling efficiency, but the failure of gear box, the key functional part of working system of baler, will seriously affect its normal baling work and even cause more serious system breakdown. This paper introduces a fault detection and alarm control platform for gear transmission system, which is based on MCU (Microcontroller Unit) and DSP (Digital Signal Processor) as system hardware, spectrum analysis and BP neural network algorithm as system software. The signal can be obtained by the vibration sensor, and the faults will be judged by comparing the peak value of the spectrum with the threshold. After fault warning, the motor system of baler can be automatically adjusted and controlled, and the fault analysis can be realized by BP neural network, the fault positions and types are accurately predicted. The feasibility of the method has been verified by establishing the fault early warning experimental platform, which proves the method can effectively realize the identification the fault occurrence and early warning, and the self-healing regulation and failure analysis of the baler. The method provides the key technology foundation for preventing the breakdown and deterioration of the gearbox of baler.


We experimentally demonstrate ultra-long-haul multi-core fiber transmission using a cladding pumped 7-core erbium-doped fiber amplifier. We confirm 76 × 128-Gbit/s Nyquist-pulse-shaped DP-QPSK signals are successfully transmitted over 4,200-km 7-core fiber.


Major causes of haze pollution in Xi'an City were discussed firstly,and current situation of air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust in Xi'an City was analyzed. Finally,countermeasures against haze pollution in Xi'an City were put forward,such as strictly implementing I /M( Inspection /Maintenance) system of in-use vehicles in Xi'an City,and paying more attention to in-use vehicles with high pollution to reduce haze.


The invention provides a dual-threshold control system and a dual-threshold control method for a switch power supply. The system comprises a rectifying circuit, a converting circuit and a control circuit, wherein the converting circuit is connected with the rectifying circuit, the control circuit is connected with the converting circuit and is used for controlling the output voltage of the converting circuit, and a dual-threshold selector is arranged in the control circuit. According to the dual-threshold control system and the dual-threshold control method for the switch power supply, through the additional arrangement of the dual-threshold selector, the selector can select different output thresholds according to the output load weight of the system. When the system is changed from the light load into the heavy load, the dual-threshold selector can timely regulate the output threshold, further, the switching-on time of a switch tube Q1 is timely regulated, the dynamic response speed of the system is accelerated, the output voltage ripple of the system is reduced, and the transformer noise caused by sudden load changes cannot be heard by people.


This paper is presented in two parts. In this part I provide a critique of the socio-biological essentialism that infuses the community care discourses in ?housing studies? and ?comparative studies?. I argue that this biological essentialism has encouraged researchers to accept the common sense assumption that the ?special needs? of disabled people are per se located within the incompetent body/mind. The effect of this has resulted in the construction of a reductionist academic discourse. This propagates the notion that recent policy initiatives taken in Britain and other European countries (which now encourage the regulation of ?special needs? in the home, rather than in the so-called ?institution?) represent some form of cognate ?total change? or ?paradigm shift?. In addition, the paper also challenges ?radical sociologies? of disability that, in per se locating disability outwith the body/mind, lie at the other extreme. To this end, discourses within this mode of thought contend that these policy shift...


"Relevant market" is the central term of competition law. A market definition too narrowly often indicates dominant market power in the sense of lacking substantial competition (§ 19 sec. 3 German Law against Restraints on Competition – GWB, Art. 3 Vertikal-GFVO) and leads to the prohibition of mergers (Art. 2 FKVO, § 36 GWB). Is the market determined too broad, abusive practices by dominant untertakings may be disregarded (Art. 82 EC, §§ 19, 20 GWB) and mergers of enterprises, which should have been prohibited, may be cleared. Defining the product market by the concept of demand substitutability more and more turns out to be an empty formula without any guiding value. In order to avoid atomized mini-markets resulting in dominant market power in cases where demand substitutability is limited, namely in the merger control supply substitutability is used as the market defining process. However, it remains unclear, when the cartel authorities will apply the concept of demand substitutability, which only takes into account the current competition pressure, and when they will consider the potential competition pressure resulting from the flexibility in adjusting supply. With regard to these deficits in theory, which in practice lead to a substantial legal uncertainty, the author favors the concept of business plan for market determination that is presented here in a more precise form. Considering business plans is the only way to decide to which extent market related conduct is not merely restrained by current competition pressure steming from concurring products but also restricted by potential competition pressure emanating from companies close to the market, which are able to adjust


Anti-microbial substances are biological, semi-synthetic/synthetic origin produced by fungus/ bacterium or by medicinal herbs as secondary metabolites that stops or inhibits the growth of other micro-organisms in-vitro or in-vivo selectively. However, over the past few decades, the primary health care of humans are under threat due to emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, which makes it is essential to investigate newer drugs with lesser resistance. It has been known that drugs derived from natural sources play significant roles in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Moreover, natural products of higher plants can be new source of antimicrobial agents with novel mechanisms of action. Therefore, the effects of plant extracts on bacteria have been studied by researchers worldwide and most of them on ethnomedicinal plants in India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 8 (2016) pp. 20-29 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


The utility model relates to a distribution line crossarm anti-nesting device, which is characterized by comprising a flat plate (1). One side of the flat plate (1) is matched with the external surface of a wire pole at a crossarm so as to seal a gap between the crossarm and the wire pole. With the adoption of the device provided by the utility model, gaps among a straight line, the tensile crossarm and the wire pole can be blocked, no places are available for branches held in mouths of birds; and without a stable foundation on which building is depended, the birds are prevented from nesting.


In this presentation I will be using data from an NBIF funded Master's Thesis to explore how inclusion is implemented in New Brunswick secondary science courses.  Inclusion in New Brunswick is a highly contentious issue, brought to the forefront by the Provincial Policy 322 - Inclusive Education.  Science courses at the high school level are not immune to concerns regarding classroom composition.  Ten participating high school science teachers from across rural and urban New Brunswick provided data in the form of interviews, observations of teaching practices, and reflective journals.  Using a constant comparative model, three major themes emerged.  First, classroom composition is inconsistent between large and small schools, across grade level, and between sections of the same course within the same school.  Second, support staff, such as educational assistants (EAs) can often be difficult to access, requiring teachers to lose large amounts of their preparation time for informal meetings.  Lastly, inclusion takes the form of students being placed physically in pockets of their classrooms to work with EAs that are avaiable, thereby limiting interaction with their peers.  Teachers feel the system that exists is failing their students, but are hopeful for change.


The quantity and quality of licensed pharmacists in China has certain disparity with the developed countries.It has relationship with the deficiency of education model in the colleges and universities.This article explores how to launch the education reform to meet the requirement of licensed pharmacist of Traditional Chinese medicine such as training mode or curriculum design.


A fast and efficient method is proposed for placement of decoupling capacitors on printed circuit boards (PCB) with resonant parallel planes. Using the pin impedance as a fitness function, a genetic algorithm (GA) based method is used for simultaneous optimization of capacitors' placement with respect to ball-grid array (BGA) pin fields. The proposed method applies to practical PCB designs without restriction on the number of power pins or planar geometry. The developed algorithm is tested on an industrial example in comparison to a numerical electromagnetic (EM) simulator. The results are shown to agree well while significant speed-up is obtained with the proposed algorithm.


Background: Hip fracture contributes to both morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The dynamic hip screw (DHS), commonly used in extramedullary fixation, has become a standard implant in treatment of these fractures. We conducted this study to investigate the efficacy of DHS fixation in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. Materials & Methods: The plan was to study 50 cases of inter-trochanteric femur fractures of all types in Boyd and Griffin classification treated with Dynamic Hip Screw and to assess the outcome and the postoperative complications of it. Brief history and clinical examination was done according to the proforma attached. Radiological examination was done. Postoperative assessment was done. All the results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: In the DHS group, skin puckering with superficial infection was seen in 1 (2%) patient. Cut-out was seen in 2 patients. Shortening was seen in 1 (2%) patients. Mean TAD in the present study was found to be 23.98. Mean HHS at preoperative, 1 month postoperative, 2 month postoperative, 3 month postoperative and 6 month postoperative was 49.78, 60.96, 68.44, 74.28 and 82.12 respectively. Significant results were obtained while comparing the mean HHS among the patients of the DHS group at different time intervals. Conclusion: DHS still remains the gold standard for the treatment of stable intertrochanteric fractures in suitable patients. Therefore, we conclude that dynamic hip screw is a reliable, versatile and effective device for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures


Applying finite element method,the elastic ultimate load and plastic or stability ultimate load corresponding to the allowable stress method and ultimate state method of concrete filled steel tube(CFST) columns with initial stress under axial loads are calculated and analyzed.Results indicate that it is impossible for the steel and concrete stresses reaching their allowable stress simultaneously in generally,but the stress of steel is more feasible for the checking stress than the concrete's for the suited match of CFST.It can be regarded as the elastic ultimate load when the moment of the steel tube is yielded.The allowable stress method for calculating elastic ultimate load of members and structures of CFST is irrational in practice engineering.The presence of initial stress drops the elastic ultimate load more distinct than the strength and the ultimate load-carrying capacity.The ratio of elastic ultimate load to plastic ultimate load is decreased with the increasing of initial stress degree(ISD) and allowable stress method is conservative.As to the CFST arch bridge with large ISD,the ultimate state method is suited to use in practical engineering.


We all know, that healing through nature is an old known practice from our
 ancestors. Romans were the first one who started believing in balneology,


This paper reports on optimization studies that have been carried out for the proposed Large Helical Device, which has a major radius of {approximately}4 m and a magnetic field of {approximately}4 T, in which a key experiment is to demonstrate a divertor concept. These studies clarified that configurations with a higher helical coil pitch parameter {gamma}{sub c} ({gamma}{sub c} {approx gt} 1.25) and a larger plasma minor radius are not consistent with the requirement of a clean divertor configuration. More compact, lower m systems (m {approx lt} 8) without helical coil pitch modulation are ruled out by the equilibrium beta limit of the plasma and the stability limit of the superconducting coil current because of the higher maximum magnetic field strength. Systems with a larger aspect ratio and larger m (M {approx gt} 12, {gamma}{sub c} {approximately} 1.2 to 1.3) with better neoclassical confinement properties are not effective because of a lower stability beta and a narrower clearance between the divertor layer and the wall. An 1 = 2/m = 10/{gamma}{sub c} = 1.2 superconducting system is found to be an optimized high-{eta}{sub {tau}}T configuration for 4 m/4T next-generation experiments with respect to the high-beta requirement, clean divertor installation, superconductingmore » coil engineering, and cost optimization.« less