Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria. email@example.com The study was conducted in Ohafia and Umuahia Agricultural Zones of Abia State, Nigeria. Multi – stage random sampling technique was used to select 360 respondents (180 non – farm and 180 farm respondents). Primary data used for the study were generated through structured questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) methods. Data realized were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Ztest analysis. The results showed that the non – farm respondents had a mean age of 43 years as against 44.17 years for the farm respondent, while 70 % and 36.1 % of non – farm respondents and farm respondents respectively had age range between 18 – 29 years. Also, 55.6 % of the non – farm respondents and 52.7 % of farm respondents, were males, while 77.8 % (non – farm respondents) and 83.3 % (farm respondents) were married. Furthermore, 77.8 % non – farm respondents as against 75 % of the farm respondents were literate and 11.1 % of the non – farm respondents had mean farm size of 1.4 hectares as against 27.8 % farm respondents who cultivated on between mean farm size of 3 – 4 hectares. The results also, showed that the mean household size was 5.5 persons for the non – farm respondents as against 7 persons for the farm respondents. The study, showed that the rural dwellers were engaged in non – farm activities such as road transportation (91.6 %), trading (86.3 %), food processing (83.3 %) and technician and artisan (56.6 %) respectively. On the other hand, the farm activities identified were mixed farming (94.4 %), poultry (91.7 %), crop production (83.3 %), piggery (75 %), and fisheries (69.4 %) respectively as non – farm and farm activities in the study area. The result of the Z – test difference on annual income from the activities showed that there was a significant difference between the two activities (Zcal. = 13.60 *** and Ztab. = 2.58***). Also, the study showed that the people engaged in farming as a way of life and not necessarily as a major source of sustenance and livelihood. It is recommended that the farmers should be supported and empowered through enhanced extension education and low interest rate loans in order to make farming a business since it is their primary occupation.


Lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas is extremely rare. We present this rare lesion and describe the histological and immunohistochemical features. On gross examination, a cystic mass was present on


A case study: The creation of performance opportunities related to student training in the Bachelor of Jazz Studies program (BJS) at Central Queensland Conservatorium of Music (CQCM). The study outlines the current paucity of community group music making considered essential to the training of jazz and commercial music practitioners and details the solutions employed by the BJS with particular reference to the partnership with Hamilton Island Enterprises.


The study investigated 159 school counselors' previous multicultural workshop experiences and interdependent and independent self-construal (T. M. Singelis, 1994) as predictors of universal-diverse orientation (M. L. Miville et al., 1999). Prior workshops in multicultural counseling and interdependent self-construal were significantly related to universal-diverse orientation (acceptance and awareness of similarities and differences). Implications for counseling, research, and training are discussed.


It has been well documented that multivariate systems will benefit from application of advanced control strategies. The application of these methods has thus far been hindered for a variety of reasons which range from complexity of the design methodologies to the cost associated with implementation of these solutions. This paper shows that there exist alternative means by which existing control strategies of a multivariate system could be extended, thereby leading to increased efficiency, without the need to remove and implement a new control system installation. A realistic model of an entire pulping mill is used in this paper to show that by careful selection of only a few additional control loops which are added to the existing structure, sizeable profitability and operational gains may be achieved.


The term Edutainment, has been fabricated by combing the two words "Education" and "Entertainment", and as this term expresses, this concept provides educational entertainment or entertainment-education. That means this let the student to learn subject matters with entertainment, so that the students get attracted to learning rather than getting used to learning through the teacher centered learning concept. Under this novel concept called "Edutainment" there comes a couple of new ways of teaching like Game Based Learning and Gamification. These concepts can be applied to enhance the learning procedure of students in various age levels. This paper gives you an analysis of Game Based Learning vs. Gamification in higher education from Computer Science students' perspective.


The purpose of this paper is to give a complete effective solution to the problem of computing radicals of polynomial ideals over general fields of arbitrary characteristic. We prove that Seidenberg?s "Condition P" is both a necessary and sufficient property of the coefficient field in order to be able to perform this computation. Since Condition P is an expensive additional requirement on the ground field, we use derivations and ideal quotients to recover as much of the radical as possible. If we have a basis for the vector space of derivations on our ground field, then the problem of computing radicals can be reduced to computing p th roots of elements in finite dimensional algebras.


Security is excessively stressed in value orientation of financial laws,with curbing effect on rural non-governmental finance in policies and legislation.Starting from concepts of harmonious finance,the important function of rural non-governmental finance is taken into full consideration so as to establish a correct value orientation of rural non-governmental financial legal system.Neither complete liberalization nor thorough prohibition is considered to be practices for rural non-governmental finance.The realistic doings would rather comb and regulate it with the level of legal institution.


Abstract 4304 Background: VEGF blockade has been validated clinically as a treatment for human cancers. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) expression has been shown to function as a key regulator of blood vessel remodeling and tumor angiogenesis. Several publications described that VEGF and Ang-2 are up-regulated in several hematological tumors like B-CLL, AML or multiple myeloma. In particular, Ang-2 may qualify as a novel prognostic marker in AML and CLL. We have generated TAvi6, a novel bispecific antibody targeting VEGF-A and Ang-2 and tested its anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activity. TAvi6 is a tetravalent IgG-like bispecific antibody based on bevacizumab and targets Ang-2 with 2 disulfide-stabilized scFvs (LC06) fused to the C-terminus of the heavy chain. Material and Methods: TAvi 6 was profiled in biochemical and cellular (angiogenesis) assays. Antitumoral and anti-angiogenic efficacy was assessed in established s.c. Colo205, s.c. Calu-3 and orthotopic i.m.f.p. KPL-4 xenografts in SCID beige mice. Mice were treated with bevacizumab or antibody LC06 (10 mg/kg), the respective combination (each 10 mg/kg) and TAvi6 (13.3 mg/kg). In addition, TAvi6 was evaluated for inhibition of metastasis to the lung quantified by Alu-PCR. Tumors were explanted for histological analysis of angiogenesis and inhibition of angiogenesis was assessed in the cornea angiogenesis assay. Results: In biochemical assays (affinity, Tie2-Ang-2 interaction) and cellular assays (Tie2 phosphorylation, HUVEC proliferation, tube formation) TAvi6 shows properties identical to the parental antibodies bevacizumab and LC06. In the orthotopic KPL-4-003 xenograft tumor growth inhibition was 79% for bevacizumab; 39% for LC06; 90% for the combination and 91% for TAvi6. In the s.c. Colo205-009 xenograft TGI was 66% for bevacizumab; 50% for LC06; 78% for the combination and 87% for TAvi6. TAvi6 was able to suppress growth of tumors refractory to 1st-line treatment with bevacizumab (Colo205 xenograft) and suppressed metastasis to the lung significantly (KPL-4 xenograft). In the s.c. Calu-3 xenograft we observed a strong inhibition of angiogenesis by in vivo and ex vivo imaging and an advantage of TAvi6 compared to the antibody combination. Furthermore, TAvi6 potently inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the mouse corneal angiogenesis assay. Conclusions: We have generated a novel tetravalent IgG-like bispecific antibody targeting VEGF-A and Ang-2 simultaneously. TAvi6 shows identical properties compared to the respective parental antibodies. In particular, TAvi6 blocks angiogenesis in vivo efficacously and mediates strong tumor growth inhibition in various xenograft models with a slight advantage of TAvi6 over the combination of the respective single agents bevacizumab and LC06 in several models. Further studies are foreseen to assess the application of bispecific antibodies targeting Ang-2 and VEGF as novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of hematological cancers. Disclosures: Weidner:Roche: Employment, Equity Ownership. Scheuer:Roche: Employment, Patents & Royalties. Thomas:Roche: Employment, Patents & Royalties. Baehner:Roche: Employment, Patents & Royalties. Seeber:Roche: Employment, Patents & Royalties. Kettenberger:Roche: Employment, Patents & Royalties. Schanzer:Roche: Employment, Patents & Royalties. Brinkmann:Roche: Employment, Patents & Royalties. Regula:Roche: Employment, Patents & Royalties. Klein:Roche: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties.


011 the West Coast of Africa. It is certainly a book which no one going to West Africa can afford to do without. The first chapter deals with outfit and estimate of expenses. A description of the vo3'age from Liverpool to Lokoja is then given. The chapters on the life and the soicial amenities and on "servants and other pests" are not only amusing but instructive. The chapters on sport are full of useful and practical advice, on bird and beast, on the choice of saddlery, horses and native " vets." Sir H. H. Johnson, G.C.M.G., contributes a section 011 shoot-


Abstract : Using the method of pair comparisons, subjects judged 12 stimulus configurations comprised of horizontal Mueller-Lyer (M-L) figures bordered above and below by shorter or longer anchoring lines. From the pooling model of adaptation-level theory, it was predicted that perceived length of the M-L figures would be assimilated toward anchor length. Results confirmed the prediction. (Author)


The gravity observations of the satellite GOCE have a global homogeneous coverage and precision. This data set constitutes an independent new tool to control the quality of terrestrial gravity data. Terrestrial data reach higher resolution and precision, but can be affected by errors due to factors such as different vertical geodetic datums, wrong position in latitude and longitude, geodynamic effects and gravimeter drift, which tends to accumulate over long distances. Terrestrial data recover gravity signals at shorter wavelengths compared to the GOCE satellite, but the average gravity anomaly values can be compared to the GOCE derived values which are bandlimited to lower frequencies. We consider the area of the Amazon Craton, and in particular the Solim˜oes, Amazon and Parnaiba Basins, and part of the Tocantins and S˜ao Francisco Provinces in Brazil, to estimate the systematic errors in terrestrial gravity data. We calculate the average terrestrial gravity anomaly by spatial averages applying Gaussian, inverse distance and simple averages, which allows to compare the long- and medium-wavelength part of the terrestrial gravity anomalies with the gravity field derived from GOCE. We also consider the combined satellite-terrestrial model EGM2008 up to degree and order 250 (i.e. maximum expansion from satellite GOCE). The results show that the systematic errors range from about − 28.1 to 25.2 mGal with a standard deviation value of 6.4 mGal. The mean value over the study area is about zero, obtaining 0.27 mGal difference between the Gaussian average of the terrestrial gravity data and the gravity data from the GOCE satellite-only model and is smaller than the commission error associated to the geopotential model. Also, we verified that 64.8 per cent of the study area does not present systematic errors, as their difference is within the commission error of 5.1 mGal of the GOCE model in the harmonic expansion up to degree 250. The comparison of the terrestrial data with the model EGM2008 gives slightly smaller differences, which can be attributed to the fact that the EGM2008 contains terrestrial data. The results vary only slightly according to the type of averaging used, with improved values for the Gaussian average. The analysis also shows where the terrestrial data are scarce and require an improvement in data coverage in order to correctly represent the gravity field. The method we propose can be directly used to control other gravity databases and constitutes a tool for the quality assessment of terrestrial gravity observations.


We define straightness and convexity of regions in a digital picture. Then it is shown that a few important properties satisfied by convex (Euclidean) regions are also satisfied by convex digital regions. We extend the definition of digital convexity of regions to digital solids. Efficient algorithms are presented that determine whether or not a digital region is convex, a digital arc is a digital straight line segment and a digital solid is convex.


Objective It is to discuss the correlation between mammary gland density and self-rated health state,interpersonal relationship,personality,breast cancer. Methods 5006 women voluntarily accepted fully digital breast X-ray examination were randomly selected and given questionnaire. According to ACR BI-RADS classification system 2003,breast density were classified and its correlation with self-rated health state,interpersonal relationship,personality,breast cancer were analyzed. Results Among the 5006 cases,there were dense type 305 cases( 6. 09%),more quantity type 3719 cases( 74. 29%),small amount of type 726 cases( 14. 51%),fat type 256 cases( 5. 11%). Mammary gland density was correlated with self-rated health state( P = 0. 01),interpersonal relationship( P = 0. 02),personality( P = 0. 002). Among the 184 cases breast cancer confirmed by pathology,there were dense type 1 case( 0. 54%),more quantity type 91 cases( 49. 46%),small amount of type 66 cases( 35. 87%),fat type 26 cases( 14. 13%). Mammary gland density was correlated with self-rated health state( P = 0. 04),personality( P = 0. 01),state of life( P = 0. 02),setbacks and misfortune( P = 0. 04). Conclusion Mammary gland density was correlated with self-rated health state,interpersonal relationship,personality. Women who self-rated that the state of life doesn't matter and met setbacks and misfortune have more risk of breast cancer.


Although posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) has been shown in both clinical and animal studies to mediate inhibition of bladder function, our understanding of the role of posterior tibial nerve (PTN) afferents that elicit this reflex is significantly limited. To this end, we investigated the effects of frequency-dependent PTNS in urethane-anesthetized rats undergoing repeated urodynamic fills. Electrical pulses applied at both 5 Hz and 10 Hz resulted in significant decreases in the frequency of bladder contractions during and after 10-minutes of stimulation (acute inhibition and post-stimulation effect). Selective electrical activation of the lateral or medial plantar nerves confirmed that each type of bladder reflex can be elicited by individual subsets of PTN afferents. Our findings indicate that PTNS-evoked bladder reflexes are tuned to specific stimulation frequencies. The neuromodulation of bladder function achieved by selective PTN branch stimulation provides a novel insight into these neural pathways and also suggests potential clinical application.


Current source inverter (CSI) operates to output a specified ac current waveform from dc current sources. Talking about power quality, harmonics distortion of ac waveform is a problem of an inverter circuit. Generating a multilevel current waveform will have less harmonics content than a traditional three-level current waveform. In addition to non-ideal conditions of power switches, i.e. voltage drop in diodes, conductors or controlled switches, the performance of current controller applied in an inverter circuit will considerably affect the ac waveform quality produced by inverter circuit. This paper presents and discusses application of hysteresis current controller in the five-level H-bridge with inductor-cell current source inverter. The current controller performance was compared with the proportional integral current controller. Some test results are presented and discussed to explore the advantages of hysteresis controller in reducing the current ripple and harmonics distortion of output current.


Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which can inhibit platelet functioning 1 to 2 weeks after initiation, have been associated with upper


Current article is dedicated to such types of bilingualism as the coordinating and subordinated, pure and mixed, their substantial didactic potential, as well as the necessary conditions for bilingual capacity realization through creating a functional environment. Authors of the research have studied theories and concepts of bilingualism, organizational experience of bilingual and multilingual education, along with linguistic directions, determining bilingualism basically as the ability to communicate with two languages. Due to the methodological background of our research, which is composed of the outcomes of the analytic-synthetic examination of scientific-methodological works, logic methods of notions analyzing, methodological modelling, surveys results and experts' evaluations, we succeeded in identifying general concepts of the question and developing the methodological system for delivering new foreign language knowledge to bilingual students. Basic principles of bilingual education have been released, they included: didactic cultural rationality, problem-searching and problematic forms of education, priority of teaching cooperation through education and self-education, integration and interactivity of modelling multicultural bilingual education, didactic cooperation of traditional pedagogics and individuality-focused education, consideration of the educational rights of a person while modelling cultural training environment. Specifications of functional usage of native and new languages have been scrutinized. The cases of the interference, rising in the process of studying a second foreign language in the conditions of multilingualism, have been analyzed. Most frequent and possible mistakes of the respondents-leaners have been classified. Consequently, it has been concluded that the whole bilingual learning process ought to be composed in order to transfer communicative skills of the native and the first foreign language to the second one.


The graphic representations of the central Australian Walbiri and supplementary comparative data are used to explore the general thesis that categorical analysis can be applied to representational systems. Certain features of the meaning ranges of typical Walbiri elements are examined and compared with those of pictorial elements from other systems. It is suggested that Walbiri tolemic designs, consisting of combinations of these elements, can function to classify tolemic species by dissecting and reassembling them in a manner similar to that described by Levi-Strauss for other cultural systems.


A new high-temperature titanium alloy containing erbium was designed and fabricated. The influence of α+β forging process and β forging process on microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy was studied. The microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture morphologies of the new high-temperature titanium alloy after different forging processes were characterized. The results showed that the forging process significantly affected the microstructure of the alloy. The alloy exhibits nearly equiaxed microstructure and lamellar microstructure after α+β and β forging, respectively. In addition, there were Er-rich phases in both forged alloys. The alloy with nearly equiaxed microstructure acquired a satisfactory comprehensive performance. However, the alloy with lamellar microstructure had higher strength and less plasticity. The tensile fracture of the alloy after α + β forging had more dimples, while cleavage plane was obvious in the alloy after β forging. Owing to the addition of erbium and the formation of Er-rich phases, forged alloys possess excellent strength. The Er-rich phase might be the main reason for the fracture.


This paper presents a street rubbish detection algorithm based on image registration with Sift feature and RCNN. Firstly, obtain the rubbish region proposal on the real-time street image and set up the CNN convolution neural network trained by the rubbish samples set consists of rubbish and non-rubbish images; Secondly, for every clean street image, obtain the Sift feature and do image registration with the real-time street image to obtain the differential image, the differential image filters a lot of background information, obtain the rubbish region proposal rect where the rubbish may appear on the differential image by the selective search algorithm. Then, the CNN model is used to detect the image pixel data in each of the region proposal on the real-time street image. According to the output vector of the CNN, it is judged whether the rubbish is in the region proposal or not. If it is rubbish, the region proposal on the real-time street image is marked. This algorithm avoids the large number of false detection caused by the detection on the whole image because the CNN is used to identify the image only in the region proposal on the real-time street image that may appear rubbish. Different from the traditional object detection algorithm based on the region proposal, the region proposal is obtained on the differential image not whole real-time street image, and the number of the invalid region proposal is greatly reduced. The algorithm has the high mean average precision (mAP).


EUMETSAT operates Earth-observation satellites and their related ground systems in order to provide operational meteorological and climatological data services to a broad international user community. As a key element in the overall delivery of these services, EUMETSAT developed and subsequently evolved a comprehensive approach to Operations Team training in order to ensure operations engineers, analysts and shift controllers are fully prepared to perform both nominal and contingency operations in the most efficient and reliable manner possible. Operations Team training is considered a core function within EUMETSAT with resources and personnel dedicated to ensure its effective delivery. This paper discusses the approach taken to develop, implement and maintain the various aspects of Operations Team training at EUMETSAT, including initial training for new or redeployed team members, proficiency training to ensure continued competence, and preparatory training to address the introduction of new programs or major system evolutions. It describes how the specific training needs are assessed, defined and maintained; how training requirements are implemented; the certification process applied for shift controllers; and the continuous assessment of training efficacy to ensure continued quality improvement. To provide examples of this strategy, the paper reviews training activities relating to recent major projects in EUMETSAT polar and geostationary programs, and related multi-mission elements. In addition, knowledge management and knowledge transfer within EUMETSAT Operations are discussed. A brief overview of the theoretical approach is presented, leading into a discussion of how this is practically applied and continuously improved upon. Conclusions are drawn which may be useful to other satellite operators and operational service providers.


It has previously been stated that K+-ions in a plant cell have a counter-balancing role in which the efflux of K+-ions from the thylakoid lumen charge-balance the light-induced proton pumping that ...


The evaluation of micronucleus in mononucleated
cells (MNMNC) could give a more comprehensive information about genomic instability in population exposed to high level of natural background radiation. Here in this study the evaluation of MNMNC in Takandeang Village, Mamuju inhabitants was performed to obtain more clearly information about genomic instability in population exposed to high level of natural background radiation. Twenty seven
healthy adult subjects from Takandeang Village and normal background radiation area were included in this study. Results showed that mean MNMNC of Takandeang Village inhabitants were significantly higher compared to control samples [3.96 ± 0.488 vs 1.96 ± 1.675; p 0.05). It is possible that the high background radiation
exposure received by Takandeang Village inhabitants induced the aneugenic effect in lymphocytes. Overall our study showed that scoring of MNMNC can provide additional information in cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay.


In the study and practice process of the talent cultivation model of school and enterprise cooperation in higher vocational schools,the development,changing and evaluation of school and enterprise relationship have gradually become main problem cared by scholars and practitioners.On the basis of studying on the resource dependence theory,analyzing and exploring on cooperation effects,resources dependence degree,dependence structure,influence on teaching management of cooperation of school and enterprises and the relationship between difficulty degree and stability of school and enterprise cooperation showed that,the effects of school and enterprise cooperation don't only have relationship with teaching management of higher vocational schools and dependence degree of intergrowth resources of school and enterprises,but correlated with the relationship factor in cooperation,and the influence of relationship factors are bigger than resources dependence degree.


Córdoba Province in Argentina is a global hotspot for deep hail-producing storms. Previous studies of hail formation and detection largely relied on satellite snapshots or modeling studies, but lacked hail validation, relying instead on proxy metrics. To address this limitation, this study used hail collected in the mountainous Córdoba region in collaboration with the citizen science program "Cosecheros de Granizo 2018–2020" including from a record-breaking hail event and from the 2018–2019 RELAMPAGO field campaign. Three cases including a MCS and two supercells, which have verified hail in different environment locations relative to the Sierras de Córdoba, were analyzed for multi-spectral signatures in GOES-16 satellite data. Brightness temperatures decreased over time after convective initiation, reaching values cooler than the tropopause with variations around those values of different magnitudes. Overall, all cases exhibited a slight weakening of the updraft and strong presence of smaller ice crystal sizes just prior to the hail report, especially for the larger hailstones. The results demonstrate promise in using satellite proxies for hail detection in multiple environments for different storm modes. The long-term goal is to better understand hail-producing storms and unique challenges of forecasting hail in this region.


Landslides pose a significant threat to human lives and property, making the development of accurate and reliable landslide prediction methods essential. With the rapid advancement of multi-source remote sensing techniques and machine learning, remote sensing data-driven landslide prediction methods have attracted increasing attention. However, the lack of an effective and efficient paradigm for organizing multi-source remote sensing data and a unified prediction workflow often results in the weak generalization ability of existing prediction models. In this paper, we propose an improved multi-source data-driven landslide prediction method based on a spatio-temporal knowledge graph and machine learning models. By combining a spatio-temporal knowledge graph and machine learning models, we establish a framework that can effectively organize multi-source remote sensing data and generate unified prediction workflows. Our approach considers the environmental similarity between different areas, enabling the selection of the most adaptive machine learning model for predicting landslides in areas with scarce samples. Experimental results show that our method outperforms machine learning methods, achieving an increase in F1 score by 29% and an improvement in processing efficiency by 93%. Furthermore, by comparing the susceptibility maps generated in real scenarios, we found that our workflow can alleviate the problem of poor prediction performance caused by limited data availability in county-level predictions. This method provides new insights into the development of data-driven landslide evaluation methods, particularly in addressing the challenges posed by limited data availability.


Messenger RNA (mRNA) with phosphorothioate modification (PS-mRNA) to the phosphate site of A, G, C and U with all possible 16 combinations were prepared, and the translation reaction was evaluated using an E. coli cell-free translation system. Protein synthesis from PS-mRNA increased in 12 of 15 patterns when compared with that of unmodified mRNA. The protein yield increased 22-fold when the phosphorothioate modification at A/C sites was introduced into the region from the 5'-end to the initiation codon. Single-turnover analysis of PS-mRNA translation showed that phosphorothioate modification increases the amount of translating ribosomes, suggesting that the rate of translation initiation (rate of ribosome complex formation) was positively affected by the modification. The method provides a new strategy for improving translation using non-natural mRNA. Recently, many attempts to use messenger RNA (mRNA) as a drug have been reported. mRNA therapy involves direct administration of mRNA into the body and the protein encoded by mRNA is expressed in target cells for treatment. Current applications are mainly related to vaccination and protein replacement therapy. Because mRNA is readily degraded by nucleases in a biological environment, chemical modification methods can improve mRNA longevity and functionality. For example, 5-methoxyuridine or N1-methyl-pseudouridine is often introduced into mRNA to increase both stability and translation of mRNA. These modifications have been shown to also reduce the immune response of host cells. Further developments of new modification methods that improve the properties of mRNA are of particular significance, especially those modifications that give greater stability and translatability. Substitution of a non-bridging oxygen atom in internucleotidic phosphates with a sulfur atom, which produces phosphorothioate (PS) groups in an oligonucleotide, has been used widely in nucleic acid therapeutics because it confers biological stability and cellular membrane permeability to the oligonucleotide. PS modification converts the achiral phosphorus atom in the phosphodiester (PO) linkage into a chiral atom. Thus, each PS linkage can take either Sp or Rp configurations. Stereo-controlled chemical synthesis of PS oligonucleotides has been studied for decades. 4] Synthesis of stereopure Mipomersen, an antisense drug, was reported in 2017. New chiral reagents based on P(V) for the synthesis of stereopure PS oligonucleotides have been developed in 2018. Longer RNA sequences with a phosphorothioate modification can be prepared diastereoselectively by the transcription reaction using T7 RNA polymerase, with the substrate nucleotide triphosphate (NTPS) in which PS is introduced at the α-position of the triphosphate (Figure S1). In this reaction the T7 RNA polymerase uses only NTPS in the Sp form as a substrate and forms a bond in the Rp configuration, because the reaction proceeds through inversion of configuration. Although the method for enzymatically preparing PS-modified mRNA (PSmRNA) has been developed, PS has rarely been used for mRNA with only a few cases reported nearly 30 years ago. 5d, 5e] In the case of protein synthesis using the cell-free translation system of E. coli, it was reported that PS-mRNA, which was prepared using one NTPS substitution on transcription, showed higher protein synthesis efficiency by approximately two-fold when compared with the corresponding unmodified mRNA (POmRNA) reaction. 5e] The authors attributed the improved translation of PS-mRNA to the higher stability of the mRNA in the translation mixture. However, this explanation was not consistent with other experimental results where fully modified PS-mRNA transcribed using only NTPSs gave a smaller amount of translation product; only ~30% when compared with the amount produced from PO-mRNA. In this report, translation of purified PS-mRNA was examined and the possible use of PS-mRNA was reevaluated using a reconstituted E. coli translation system known as the PURE system. The results showed that PS-mRNA increased the amount of translation This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved Au th or M an us cr ip t


We have developed several results on the existence and asymptotic behavior of nlild solutions to rextiondiffusion systems that have infinite delirys in the nonlinear reaction terms. We find that the semiflow generated by a cooperative and irreducible reaction-tliffilsio system with infinite delay is not compact but set-condcrrsing, ancl not strongly order-preserving but quasi strongly ordc~r-1)rest:rviiig. These set-condenseness and quasi strong ordt!r-prosc:rvi~~g properties allow us to use a ~nodificirt,ion, recent.1~ givol~ by Freedman, Miller and one of the ilutliors of tllis l,iqier, of the wellknown monotone dynan~ical systenl tl~c:ory due to Dancer, Hess, Hirsch, Matano, Smith, Tllicme, 1301iCik and TakaE to obtain some results about convergence and stability of solutions. Examples of Loth-Volterra co~npetition-diffusion models with distributed delay are given to illustrate the obtained results.


Using the Kubo linear-response formalism we derive expressions to calculate the electronic contribution to the heat current generated by magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic metals with broken inversion symmetry and spin–orbit interaction (SOI). The effect of producing heat currents by magnetization dynamics constitutes the Onsager reciprocal of the thermal spin–orbit torque (TSOT), i.e. the generation of torques on the magnetization due to temperature gradients. We find that the energy current driven by magnetization dynamics contains a contribution from the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), which needs to be subtracted from the Kubo linear response of the energy current in order to extract the heat current. We show that the expressions of the DMI coefficient can be derived elegantly from the DMI energy current. Guided by formal analogies between the Berry phase theory of DMI on the one hand and the modern theory of orbital magnetization on the other hand we are led to an interpretation of the latter in terms of energy currents as well. Based on ab initio calculations we investigate the electronic contribution to the heat current driven by magnetization dynamics in Mn/W(0 0 1) magnetic bilayers. We predict that fast domain walls drive strong heat currents.


Study of 215 children with congenital cleft of upper lip and palate in the age of 1.5 to 15 years has established the organic dysphonia in 27.4% of patients. Of the organic diseases of larynx there were edema, hypertrophy, nodules of vocal folds and chronic laryngitis whose frequency is directly dependent on duration and severity of the defect, age of patient and the timing of recovery of velopharyngeal ring. Pathology of the larynx gradually disappears with the growth of the patient after plastic reconstruction of oronasal defect.


In this paper, we propose a cognitive capacity harvesting network (CCHN) based Internet of Things (IoT) architecture, which allows the lightweight IoT devices without spectrum monitoring/sensing capabilities to enjoy the benefits of cognitive radio networks (CRNs). We investigate the sum-rate maximization of IoT links in this proposed architecture. In particular, we formulate the considered problem as a three-dimensional (3-D) resource matching between the IoT links, the CR links and the available CR spectrum blocks (CSBs). Then, two approaches, i.e., Hungarian based switching iteration (HBSI) approach and minimum interference clustering based Lagrange relaxation (MICBLR) approach, are proposed to obtain the near-optimal solution. In HBSI approach, the IoT and CR links are divided into a set of IoT and CR links clusters (ICCs). Based on the partition of ICCs, the considered problem can be simplified to a maximum weight bipartite-matching problem and solved by the Hungarian algorithm. Switching iteration is then used to improve the partition of ICCs. To achieve a better tradeoff between the performance and running time, we further propose the MICBLR approach, which contains IoT links clustering according to the minimum interference rule and a Lagrange relaxation (LR) algorithm used to solve the 3-D matching problem between the clusters of IoT links, the CR links, and the available CSBs. Simulations show that the performance of the proposed approaches is close to the exhaustive search (ES) method but with a much shorter running time. Compared with the Nearest sharing based Hungarian (NSBH), Furthest sharing based Hungarian (FSBH), and Random allocation (RA) policies, the proposed approaches can averagely improve the system performance by 33.68%-38.18%.


Cancer is estimated to affect one in four dogs and PetSavers has played a key role in the development of veterinary oncology.


Backgrounds: ABVD is considered the standard of care for Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) patients; however few prospective studies have evaluated his efficacy and safety in elderly patients. Moreover anthracycline-based chemotherapy is not feasible in patients with moderate/severe concomitant heart disease. In comparison with conventional doxorubicin, non–pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (TLC-D99 ; M yocet ™) has shown a selective uptake and a reduced clearance by the tumor cells resulting in improved cardiac safety.

Purpose: Aim of the study was to investigate efficacy and safety of an ABVD-like regimen with non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (TLC-D99; M yocet ™) instead of conventional doxorubicin.

Patients and Methods : From March 2010 to January 2013, 41 non-frail elderly (age³ 70) and 6 younger cardiopathic patients with untreated HL were enrolled by 22 FIL centers. "Non-frail" definition was based on less than 3 grade CIRS-G co-morbidities, no grade 4 CIRS-G and no geriatric syndrome at diagnosis. Cardiac disorder was defined according to the presence of at least one of the following: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50%, left ventricular hypertrophy, uncontrolled m oderate/severe arterial hypertension, history of ische m ic cardiopathy, clinically significant ventricular arrhyth m ia, atrial fibrillation, pul m onary hypertension, m oderate/severe m itral valvular disorder, m oderate aortic valvular disorder. For advanced disease (IIB-IV) the treatment plan was 6 courses of MBVD ( Myocet 25 mg/m2; bleomycin 10 mg/m2; vinblastine 6 mg/m2; dacarbazine 375 mg/m2) plus radiotherapy (RT) on bulky disease or residual PET positive area; for early stages (I-IIA) the treatment plan was 3 courses of MBVD plus RT involved field (IF). Preventive use of granulocyte growth factors was recommended in elderly patients; erythropoietin treatment was considered for all patients if the haemoglobin value was < 11 gr/dl. The two primary objectives of the study were to evaluate the complete remission (CR) rate according to international criteria (Cheson 2007) and the rate of cardiac events (CE) defined as a reduction of LVEF ³ 15% from baseline or the occurrence of any significant cardiac disorder.

Results. Patients' median age was 75 (range 46–84); thirteen patients (28%) were in early stage and the remaining 34 (72%) in advanced stage. According to CGA-G scale one or more G2-3co-morbidities were present in 28 patients (60%). All the 13 early stages patients regularly ended the three planned courses of chemotherapy in an outpatients setting without complications; 1 of them refused subsequent RT IF. Among the advanced stage, 13 out 34 patients (38%) interrupted their treatment, mainly from course three to six, for the following reasons: 9 for severe toxicity; 1 for disease progression; 2 for poor compliance or consent retirement; 1 for lung cancer. Fifty-one % of patients experienced at least one episode of grade 3-4 haematological toxicity; severe infections were reported in 3 patients (6%); grade 4 acute cardiac toxicity in only 1 patient. A LVEF reduction ³ 15% from baseline was never documented. The final CR rate was 100% in early stage and 68% in advanced stage patients. At a median follow-up of 28 months all patients with early disease are alive and in CR. In advanced stage patients the 30 months actuarial OS rate is 62%, while the 30 months actuarial PFS rate is only 34% with a median PFS of 20 months. So far, 10 advanced patients have died: 3 of HL; 3 of acute toxicity including 1 sepsis, 1 pneumonia and 1 myocardial infarction, resulting in a 6% treatment-related mortality (TRM); moreover 2 patients died of lung cancer diagnosed within 7 months after the end of their treatment; 1 of heart failure and 1 of pneumonia, thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal bleeding , both 1 year later the end of treatment. Acute and late CE with fatal exit from the study occurred in 2 patients (4%).

Conclusions : In elderly patients with advanced disease MBVD shows an unfavourable toxic profile, not really different from ABVD, even if cardiac toxicity was spared. Prospective studies with baseline definition of comorbidity score and new less aggressive strategies are needed.

Disclosures Off Label Use: Lenalidomide in MCL. Spina: Teva: Honoraria.


We give several refinements of known theorems on Borel uniformizations of sets with "large sections". In particular, we show that a set B ⊂ [0, 1] × [0, 1] which belongs to Σα, α ≥ 2, and which has all "vertical" sections of positive Lebesgue measure, has a Πα uniformization which is the graph of a Σ 0 α-measurable mapping. We get a similar result for sets with nonmeager sections. As a corollary we derive an improvement of Srivastava's theorem on uniformizations for Borel sets with Gδ sections.


The extension of pascalian like matrices depending on a variable from any field of zero characteristics are shown at work for the first time. Their properties appear to be one source factory of identities and resulting foreseen applications


The integration of the export and import market scan be reflected not only by the relationship between the market price and its imports, but it also can be reflected by the relationship between the market prices of imports and exports. The objective of this study is to analyze the degree of integration of Indonesia's natural rubber prices in the international market. The data used in this research is secondary time series data in 1980-2013 from IRSG, BPS, FAO, Gapkindo, UN Comtrade, BI, and the World Bank. The method of analysis using the index of Market Connection(IMC) to measure the index of market integration between the price of natural rubber in China, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea as a follower market and the price of natural rubber in the reference market(market leader) in this case is the United States. The results showed that Indonesia's natural rubber prices in the international market is not integrated with China, Japan, and South Korea for the short term but it may be integrated in the long-term. The result seem to different to the Singapore that it market being integrated with the international market both for short term and long term periods.


Ocean iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate phytoplankton growth in iron-deficient areas. This process is thought by some to be a viable geo-engineering option to address climate change. Geo-engineering necessarily brings into focus the precautionary approach and how it will interact with these international instruments. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) initially focused on terrestrial biodiversity, but its members gave more explicit focus to marine and coastal issues. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has continued on a course that takes account of the geo-engineering challenge. In some situations, ocean governance has been enhanced by the deliberate integration of regimes, for example the linking of MARPOL provisions to the environmental protection regime under the Antarctic Treaty System and the leveraging of the rules developed through the London Convention and Protocol through Article 210 of U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Keywords:convention on biological diversity (CBD); geo-engineering; global climate system; international legal regime; international maritime organization (IMO); ocean iron fertilization; UNCLOS


The invasive ricaniid species Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977), an Asiatic pest in China and Korea, is reported for the first time in Italy. This is the fourth confirmed record from Europe after Turkey, France, and Germany. The list of the host plants recorded in Europe is given. Illustrations of male and female genital structures (external and internal) are also presented.


A comparative study of women who underwent prenatal cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier screening by either the 'two‐step method' or the 'couple method' was carried out 2–4 years after testing. Recall of the screening test and test result, understanding of the implications of the test result, and reproductive intentions and behaviour were compared. Women screened by the two‐step method were significantly better informed on the genetic implications of the test result and the significance of being a single gene carrier than their couple screen counterparts. Regardless of the method of screening, a majority of those who had received a negative test result erroneously believed that they were definitely not a carrier. However, women who intended having further children were significantly more likely to understand correctly that a negative test result meant that they were unlikely to be a CF carrier. The method of testing had no influence on reproductive intentions or behaviour. Differences in emphasis, content and presentation of pre‐screening information and counselling between the two methods of screening are identified. Reasons for variation in the long‐term understanding between women screened by the two methods are discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Hydromagnesiation of alkylarylacetylenes 1 in diethyl ether gave (E)-α-arylvinyl Grignard reagents 2, which reacted with arylselenenyl bromides 3 in THF to afford stereoselectively (E)-1,2-disubstituted vinylic selenides 4 in good yields. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:65–68, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20066


Objective To explore the effect of Portulace oleracea polysaccharide(POP) on the blood endotoxin content as well as the bacterial translocation in the liver of mice with intestinal microbial flora dysbiosis.Method Lincomycin hydrochloride intragastric administration was used to establish intestinal micoflora dysbiosis in the mice,then POP was used to treat the mice,at this time the mice were put into either a standard control group,negative control group or positive control group.The mice were treated with POP for seven days when tests for blood endotoxin content as well as liver bacterial translocation were taken. Result After 3 days of Lincomycin hydrochloride intragastric administration,intestinal microbial flora dysbiosis was induced,blood endotoxin content increased,bacterial translocation of the liver begun.After 7 days of POP treatment the blood endotoxin content decreased,the amount of enterobacteria in the liver also decreased.Conclusion POP has a noticable positive effect on the endotoxin blood content,as well as bacterial translocation in the liver of mice with intestinal microbial flora dysbiosis.


Natia Qipshidze, Suresh C. Tyagi and Ashok KumarSaurabh Dahiya, Srikanth Givvimani, Shephali Bhatnagar,http://www.jimmunol.org/content/187/5/2723doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101342August 2011;J Immunol€2011; 187:2723-2731; Prepublished online 1Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/187/5/2723.full#ref-list-1This article cites 79 articles, 27 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai.org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:


This paper formulates the design equation which directly computes two gains of the proportional-resonant (PR) controller regulating grid current emitted from single-phase PWM inverter with passive LCL filter. Such a control system that is without grid-voltage sensing becomes the sixth-order one. Thus there is inconvenience against tuning the controller gains and it is also rather impractical to tune them by trial-and-error. When the PR gains are two unknowns, partial pole assignment and consideration over the closed-loop characteristic equation dispense the design equation which provides more effectiveness of tuning them. Simulations assert that utilization of the proposed design equation is able to enhance performance of response.


Dysmenorrhea is abdominal pain or cramps that occur during menstruation. Characteristics of dysmenorrhea include lower abdominal pain to the waist, dizziness, nausea and fainting. In Indonesia, 64.25% of women of childbearing age experience dysmenorrhea, of which 54.89% experience primary dysmenorrhea. In Central Java, as many as 1,465,876 adolescents experience dysmenorrhea. The problem that occurs in Banyumas, to be precise the Muhammadiyah Princess Orphanage in Purwokerto, there are 19 adolescents with dysmenorrhea out of a total of 40 young women and have never received acupressure therapy with a combination of sanyinjiao and hegu points. This case study aims to carry out reproductive health care regarding a combination of acupressure therapy at sanyinjiao and hegu points to reduce the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain. The methods used were anamnesis, physical examination, Hb examination, observation at the second and third meetings, interviews and documentation studies. The target audience was selected, 5 young women from the Muhammadiyah Purwokerto Orphanage who experienced mild and moderate dysmenorrhea pain who did not do other therapy. The results of applying sanyinjiao and hegu point acupressure to reducing dysmenorrhea pain are decreasing the intensity of menstrual pain on an average scale of 1-2 and increasing the skills of young women in dealing with mild to moderate dysmenorrhea independently. Based on the results of the study, it is hoped that the respondents can apply the acupressure that has been given and can be used as a way to reduce menstrual pain when menstruation comes.


The rapid growth of knowledge and the expansion of its field, and the emergence of new
information and communication technologies, have led to the emergence of new terms in the
global economy, including the digital economy and the knowledge economy, both of which rely
on the use of this technology in the exercise of basic activities of economic institution.
This study aimed to find the relationship between the digital economy and the knowledge
economy in terms of dependency and comprehensiveness of the activities of the economic
institution, and concluded that the digital economy is the segment that deals with the sale and
marketing of the products of the institution and management relationship with customers from
the knowledge economy.


In recent years,the impacts of waste batteries on the environment have become increasingly important in people's livelihood. Recovery and reasonable disposal of waste batteries have increasingly attracted people's great concerns. In this paper,the recycling and disposal technology of traditional waste secondary batteries and waste lithium ion batteries were briefly reviewed with comments. Nowadays China is still lack of high-efficient recycling pathways on waste batteries,which need to accelerate the speed from scientific research achievements to large-scale production,and strengthen the studies on industrialization of waste battery recycling technology.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that recycling and disposal of waste lithium ion battery will be a direction key of scientific research and market-oriented operation in the nearer future.


Abstract
 This chapter provides a checklist for the family Mymaridae. It provides information on species diversity, host records, distribution records by province in Iran, as well as world distribution. Comparison of the mymarid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries indicates that the fauna of Russia (104 species) is much greater than that of Iran (33 species), followed by Turkey (19 species), Turkmenistan (11 species), Pakistan and United Arab Emirates (five species) and Iraq and Oman (both with one species); no species have been recorded from the other eight neighbouring countries. However, the much fewer number of species recorded from countries other than Russia, including Iran, certainly results from inadequate sampling and poor taxonomic study. Russia shares the highest number of known species with Iran (21 species), followed by Turkey (11 species), Turkmenistan (one species), Pakistan (two species) and Iraq, Oman, United Arab Emirates and the former USSR (each with one species).


A 67-year-old woman underwent orthotopic heart transplantation for end-stage familial cardiomyopathy. Epicardial pacing wires were placed during the transplant surgery and remained in situ. Sixteen days after transplant, she was referred for right heart catheterization and surveillance endomyocardial biopsy. Throughout the procedure, her epicardial ventricular pacing wire asynchronously paced her ventricle at 80 beats per minute. Physical examination prior to and immediately following the biopsy procedure demonstrated cannon A-waves of her right jugular venous impulse (Video 1). Right atrial hemodynamic pressure tracings demonstrated a mean right atrial pressure of 5 mmHg with A-waves to over 20 mmHg (Figure 1A), which differed from right atrial tracings measured during her previous right heart catheterization one week prior in the presence of atrioventricular synchrony (mean right atrial pressure 3 mmHg with A-waves to 5 mmHg) (Figure 1B). Following the uncomplicated procedure, epicardial ventricular pacing was discontinued and the cannon A-waves resolved completely (Video 2). She subsequently underwent implantation of dual chamber pacemaker for sinus dysfunction. Cannon A-waves are giant jugular venous pulsations classically thought to occur due to right atrial contraction against a closed tricuspid valve. Most frequently seen in conditions with atrioventricular dissociation (i.e. complete heart block, ventricular tachycardia, or atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia), cannon A-waves may also be caused by 'pacemaker syndrome', due to loss of normal atrioventricular synchrony. With asynchronous ventricular pacing, retrograde ventriculoatrial conduction may cause atrial contraction against a closed tricuspid valve resulting in the formation of cannon A-waves. Treatment for cannon A-waves due to pacemaker syndrome is to restore atrioventricular synchrony, either by pacing the atria and ventricles synchronously, or as in our patient,


In a control apparatus (211) for converting an operating movement along an operating path into an operating signal, the control path various operating stages or operating modes corresponding to two measurement paths are (213, 215) is provided with linearly changing type resistor. They include a semicircle to each other. To both a voltage U is applied to a connection point, which is about two opposed grinders (224, 226) connected (228) are tapped. The other connection point (216) is set to ground. Soft detected values of the voltages tapped from respective stored values or pairs of values from, which can be detected by a controller (220), such as a broken sander (224, 226) must be an error on the control device (211). So can occur review.


Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) networks are envisioned to support fifth-generation (5G) and beyond mobile networks. A proposed economically scalable solution to deploy them is a compute-and-forward architecture, where fronthaul links serially interconnect access points (APs), an alternative called CF mMIMO with segmented fronthaul. However, serial connections can cause reliability issues. This letter analyzes the impact of individual and cumulative failures on APs and fronthaul segments in CF mMIMO with segmented fronthaul using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that possible failures in segmented fronthaul cannot be neglected and that protection schemes can strongly mitigate their impacts.


Color fluorescein angiography has been refined by Dr. Kohji Matsui who has employed readily-available Kodak Wratten filters and Kodak film to obtain more natural fundus color, while retaining excellent excitation of fluorescein. The authors have adapted the Matsui technique to the Zeiss fundus camera to produce color fluorescein angiograms which we feel will be valuable in differentiating between true and pseudofluorescence in fluorescein angiography.


ACCORDING TO SOCIAL DOMINANCE THEORY (Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth, & Malle, 1994; Sidanius, 1993), social dominance orientation (SDO) is "the degree to which a person desires to establish and maintain the superiority of his or her own group over other groups" (Sidanius & Liu, 1992, p. 686). SDO acts as a motivation that underpins racial, class, and gender inequalities and that has been found useful in predicting racist and sexist attitudes. Thus, people with high SDO are likely to endorse what has been referred to as hierarchy-enhancing myths. Although moderately correlated with right-wing authoritarianism, SDO appears to function quite independently (Pratto et al., 1994). In the United States, it has been observed (Sidanius & Liu, 1992) that SDO was better able than a general conservatism variable to explain significant relationships between support for the Gulf War, the beating of Rodney King by Los Angeles policemen, and other attitudes such as support for racial superiority. In a laboratory study based on the minimal group paradigm, as SDO and ingroup identification increased, so too did ingroup favoritism (Sidanius, Pratto, & Mitchell, 1994). As Pratto, Stallworth, and Sidanius (1997) concluded,


In the standard picture of radio pulsars, the radio emission arises from a set of open magnetic field lines, the extent of which is primarily determined by the pulsar's spin period, P, and the emission height. We have used a database of parameters from 600 pulsars to show that the observed profile width, W, follows W proportional to P^-0.3 albeit with a large scatter, emission occurs from heights below 400 km and that the beam is underfilled. Furthermore, the prevalence in the data for long period pulsars to have relatively wide profiles can only be explained if the angle between the magnetic and rotation axis decays with time.


This paper is concerned with estimating the correlation dimension from chaotic time series. First, we show in simulation that confidence intervals of correlation dimension constructed by Smith(1992) and Judd(1992) fail to take into account the variability due to the sensitivity to the initial conditions, the characteristic feature of chaos. Next, we propose a new estimator with weighted least squares in the formulation of Cutler(1990). It is shown that the estimator has smaller dependence on scaling region and variance than Cutler's and Smith's estimator.


Randal Cox was named administrator of Quality Care Nursing Center in Fremont, Ohio. Cox attended Bluffton College and the Ohio State Uninversity, and was previously the administrator of a nursing home in Holgate, Ohio.


We must be sympathetic with our deans, but I think the realistic view should be taken in planning a course. All teachers should remember that what is important to them is not necessarily important for the students. Such a lot of older knowledge can be scrapped. Contrast the education of the schoolboy today with that when the classical tradition reigned. We now find we can do with little Latin and less Greek, although the idea would have been incomprehensible to a schoolmaster of the last century. Let us pick up a textbook of medicine no more than 10 years old. A lot of it Is wrong, and much of it is inadequate. The materia medica of my student days is almost entirely obsolete. We cannot say that we are now on the plateau of medical knowledge, and that this sort of change will not continue. Such a consideration would seem to call for more emphasis on the principles of medicine, but how can the principles be exemplified without the practice? We must learn to work with the stream of current thought, retaining the gold but releasing the dross. This is hard, because the water is cloudy; but let us at least not be fooled by all that glitters. If you will permit me another domestic simile, we are so like a person tidying up his house. It is hard to realize that this item is but meretricious rubbish, or that highly regarded treasure is nothing but junk, and should be thrown out. With such an attitude in mind, we could have a far more sensible course, making room for adequate teaching of essentials in all branches. This consideration of essentials for general practice is a duty of the faculties, and should be determined formally and exactly by consultation and conference. The problem would possibly take care of itself if we were to copy the Gainesville model. • If a proper balance is to be given to medical training, the departments should be personally represented on the faculties with an effective voice. Integrated teaching demands integrated teachers, and will not really work if some are more integrated than others. In conclusion, I would answer my rhetorical question. Doctors need not know everything, but, as far as their responsibilities go, they should know everything that matters. REFERENCES


In this work, anodically grown ZrO2 nanotubes (NTs) are examined for the first time for use in micro solid oxide fuel cell (μ-SOFC) applications. This is due to their high surface area to volume ratio and useful nanoscale morphological features (e.g., 5-100 nm thick NT bases that could serve as the electrolyte layer). To understand their full potential for these applications, the determination of their electrical properties is necessary. Therefore, ZrO2 NTs, in the form of a uniform and crack-free film, were obtained by the two-step anodization of Zr foil in aqueous solutions. The films exhibited excellent adhesion to the Zr substrate, which facilitated impedance spectroscopy analyses, used for the first time to obtain the resistivity of the nanotubular array separately from the contact resistances. This gave a conductivity of the ZrO2 NTs of 1.6 × 10(-6) S cm(-1) at 600 °C in N2, approximately twice that reported for dense ZrO2 films measured at the same temperature in air, and also a very reasonable activation energy of 0.90 eV in the 400-600 °C temperature range.


A gulf is a typical ecological zone where carbon cycle is jointly affected by complex environmental factors and strong human activities, and the Beibu Gulf has complex water masses and circulation structures. In this study, we used underway, continuous observational data of the surface water partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll α along with vertical profile observations of temperature, salinity, carbonate system parameters and nutrients to determine the spatiotemporal variations and research effects of water masses and circulation on summer pCO2 in the eastern part of Beibu Gulf. In the summers of 2011 and 2014, the mean pCO2 in the eastern part of Beibu Gulf was 417 μatm and 405 μatm, respectively, and the mean sea–air CO2 flux was 3.3 mmol m−2 d−1 and 1.6 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively. In the summer of 2011, the northern part of the Beibu Gulf was controlled by a cyclonic circulation, and pCO2 at the center of the cyclonic circulation increased by more than 15 μatm to a mean value of more than 10 μatm above that of the surrounding waters. The southern part of the Beibu Gulf was affected by an anticyclonic circulation and western coastal water masses, with a high temperature, low salinity, low pCO2, and downwelling surface waters. In the summer of 2011, the mean pCO2 was approximately 17 μatm lower than that in the surrounding waters, and no clear downwelling was observed in summer 2014. The eastern part of Beibu Gulf was a source of atmospheric CO2 in the summer, only the region affected by the northern coastal water in the eastern part of Beibu Gulf was a sink of atmospheric CO2, and pCO2 had distinctly different spatiotemporal distributions under the influence of complex water masses and circulation structures.


When a cannonball collides with sea water, the resulting impact force influences the cannonball trajectory, depending on launching angle, initial firing speed, incident angle, and cannonball nose-cone shape. In this study, the effect of nose-cone shape of a cannonball on impact and ricocheting behavior was investigated. During collision, the flow was assumed to be non viscous and incompressible, and a source panel method was used to determine velocity potential and pressure coefficient. The nose-cone shape was expressed by Haack-series. It was found that as the radius of curvature of a cannonball nose-cone decreases, a high impact force is resulted, and that depending on impact force and impulse, the ricocheting distance varies. The results obtained in this study can be used in researching and developing new cannonballs.


This paper examines the difference in levels of psychological empowerment in Malaysian small and large oilfield service company's field employees in order to understand in which of the settings psychological empowerment strategy is most effective to the point the employees really feel empowered. According to [1], size-related characteristics of small companies usually manifest in challenges such as ability to offer career paths or reward packages equitable with large organizations. A total of 41 oilfield service field employees were investigated from 4 different oilfield service companies. The results indicate that field employees in smaller oilfield service companies experience less psychological empowerment compared to the field employees in the larger companies, suggesting that small oilfield service companies need to do more to empower their employees.


Cancer immunotherapy has considerably raised patient survival rates and significantly improved patients' quality of life in comparison to the gold standard of care, which includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Immunotherapy has firmly established itself as a novel pillar of cancer care across the board, from the metastatic stage all the way through adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment in a wide variety of cancer types. In this overview, the primary emphasis will be placed on the seminal moments in the history of cancer immunotherapy that prepared the way for the cutting-edge treatments that are available today. Cancer treatment that makes use of medicinal herbs and the phytocompounds that can be obtained from those herbs is becoming an increasingly attractive option. It has been demonstrated in a number of clinical studies that the use of herbal medicines in conjunction with conventional therapy can increase survival rates, immunological modulation, and quality of life (QOL) in patients who have cancer. In addition to this, we highlight the challenges and restrictions currently faced by cancer checkpoint immunotherapy as well as the cutting-edge research being conducted in the fields of individualized cancer vaccines, autoimmunity, the microbiome, the microenvironment of tumors, and metabolomics to find solutions to these problems. For hundreds of years, practitioners of traditional medicine have depended on treatments derived from plants. Many studies on their use have been carried out all over the world, and some of the findings have led to the development of medicines that are derived from plants. The global market for medicinal plant products is estimated to be worth more than one hundred billion dollars each year. This research investigates the role, contributions, and utility of medicinal plants in the context of the current strategic methods to disease prevention, notably lung cancer, which is a public health concern. The focus of this research is on the current strategic approaches to disease prevention.


Sir, Uveitis is the most common ocular manifestation in acquired syphilis. A course of intravenous penicillin G for 10–14 days is recommended for ophthalmic syphilis. Despite its theoretical optimal adherence, the intravenous penicillin regimen is timeconsuming, uncomfortable and requires continuous intravenous administration. Alternative treatments are consequently required. We report here a case of syphilitic uveitis successfully treated with oral doxycycline only. An MSM, 56 kg, consulted at our institution for chronic visual discomfort, blurred vision and right-eye redness that started 1 year before. He had a medical history of psoriasis without arthritis treated with acitretin. Ocular examination evidenced panuveitis with episcleritis. Neurological examination was normal. Muco-cutaneous examination only revealed chronic psoriasis plaques. The blood Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test was positive (128 IU). The Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) was also positive. HIV serology was negative. He refused hospitalization, lumbar puncture or intravenous penicillin G treatment. Hence he was given only oral doxycycline at 200 mg/day, divided into two equal doses, for 28 days. Posttreatment fundus and anterior chamber examination showed a complete regression of the uveitis, and VDRL follow-up (16 IU) 6 months later confirmed the favourable outcome. The patient did not relapse after 2 years of follow-up. This case report highlights the potential usefulness of oral doxycycline for the treatment of syphilitic uveitis. Ocular involvement is reported during early and late syphilis. Ocular manifestations include conjunctivitis, uveitis, scleritis, episcleritis, chorioretinitis, iritis and iridocyclitis. Uveitis, as in our patient, is the most common ocular manifestation of syphilis in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. In a review of 143 cases of ocular syphilis, posterior uveitis was the most frequent presentation (55.2%), followed by panuveitis (25.2%) and anterior uveitis (19.6%). Ocular neuroepithelial structure involvement, including retinitis or optic neuritis, is considered as neurosyphilis. Intravenous penicillin G for 10–14 days is the gold standard treatment for syphilitic uveitis as well as for neurosyphilis. Alternative treatments include the combination of procaine penicillin plus probenecid (not available in France) or ceftriaxone (recommended in case of penicillin allergy). However, limited data suggest that either intramuscular or intravenous ceftriaxone at 2 g daily for 10–14 days could be efficient. Doxycycline has not been adequately evaluated for the treatment of ocular syphilis but our case report suggests it could be efficient. Doxycycline, a derivative of tetracycline, has long been known to have spirochaetocidal activity. A daily dose of 200 mg (in two equal doses), given orally, is effective in early and late syphilis. Onoda reported in 1979 a response rate of 100% for primary, 90% for early, 68% for late and 90% for congenital syphilis in adults with this regimen in an open study. Several controlled studies have since found similarly high rates of success between doxycycline/tetracycline and benzathine penicillin in the treatment of early syphilis. Penetration of oral doxycycline (200 mg twice a day) into the CSF has been evaluated in five patients with latent syphilis or neurosyphilis. Drug levels in serum ranged from 3.6 to 8.6 mg/L (mean of 5.8 mg/L), whereas the mean doxycycline level in CSF was 1.3 mg/L (0.8–2.0 mg/L). The CSF penetration rate ranged from 11% to 56%, with a mean of 26%. In another study, 100 mg daily doses of doxycycline for 2–10 days were associated with a spinal fluid level of 0.1–0.76 mg/L, the mean value (0.37 mg/L) corresponding to a 14% CSF penetration rate. These results are consistent with those from a study of CSF penetration rates of doxycycline in patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis. Twelve patients were treated orally with 100 mg of doxycycline twice a day. The mean concentration in serum 5–8 days after the therapy started was 4.7 mg/L 2–3 h after the last drug administration. The corresponding level for CSF was 0.6 mg/L. Penetration into the CSF varied from 8% to 35% of concentration in plasma, with a mean of 15%. There is no controlled study evaluating the efficacy of doxycycline in ocular syphilis. Only two cases of syphilitic uveitis in which treatment included oral doxycycline have been reported. Both patients were previously treated with intravenous penicillin G for 4 weeks. Therefore, the good outcome could be due to either penicillin or doxycycline. Poor data are available concerning doxycycline ocular penetration. Norris and Edmonson determined a tetracycline MIC of 0.2 mg/L for T. pallidum using an in vitro culture procedure. Clinical relevance of such pharmacokinetic data should be tested in a therapeutic trial. Oral doxycycline could improve the clinical management of patients diagnosed with ophthalmological syphilis (with no evidence for neurosyphilis), avoiding the intravenous route, and in a more cost-effective way. However, comparative studies are needed to assert this efficacy, including in HIV-positive patients. The duration of 28 days we chose was empirical and should be investigated pharmacokinetically.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electret fiber nonwoven fabric significantly improved in electrification stability and charge production, and capable of reducing the cost without impairing filtering efficiency. SOLUTION: In this nonwoven fabric of electret fibers having an improved charge stability and comprising materials which mainly comprise a fiber-forming addition or condensation polymer and 0.01-30 wt.% (preferably 0.01-10 wt.%, in particular 0.1-5 wt.%), based on the weight of the materials, of organic or organometallic charge control agents, the nonwoven fabric comprises at least two types of electret fiber which are made of different materials different from each other in that they comprise different fiber-forming addition or condensation polymers and if appropriate also different charge control agents. A method for producing the above nonwoven fabric and its use for producing a highly efficient fine dust filter and dust cloth are described.


other hand, if failure to disclose such information results in injury to a third party, it is more likely that a lawsuit would be brought against the hospital and the knowledgeable health care providers. Under the specific facts of the scenario above, disclosure to the hospital personnel department appears sufficient. There is no obligation to report the occurrence to the police. Unnecessary disclosure of such information could result in violation of federal laws that protect the confidentiality of patients seeking medical care for drug abuse.


We investigate numerically and experimentally highly efficient acoustic lenses based on the principle of extraordinary acoustic transmission. We study circular, flat lenses composed of perforated air channels. The geometry is similar to binary Fresnel lenses, and the lenses exploit several resonance mechanisms to enhance the transmission, such as Fabry–Perot resonances in the channels and cavity resonances on the lens surface. The proposed lenses are able to transmit up to 83% of the incident energy and generate sharp focusing with very high amplification (up to 16 dB experimentally). Furthermore, the resulting lenses are thinner than other designs providing similar performance, making them ideal candidates for application in acoustic imaging and medical diagnostics.


The purpose of the article is to show that truancy and school absenteeism are complex multidimensional problem and that teachers and researchers need to understand the issues involved in these phenomena. The distribution of dropouts based on the data produced on teacher's reports about 392 truants and 108 absentees from comprehensive schools prove, that persistent absenteeism does increase substantially in the later years of schooling. Dropping from schools is a progressing phenomenon, reaching a peak at the age of 13-15 in the eight, seventh and sixth grades. Two thirds of dropouts had already had failures in previous years. That date shows that over one third of dropouts started schooling before the age of seven. That reasons for pupil non - attendance are generally well known, indeed, they have not changed. This paper considers some of the reasons for pupils missing school and examines how recent research (by D. Beresnevicienė, V Rimkevicienė and V Targamadzė) has added new dimensions to the topic, while pointing out that this work has failed to reduce or overcome the phenomenon.


The generalized random energy model is a generalization of the random energy model introduced by Derrida to mimic the ultrametric structure of the Parisi solution of the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model of a spin glass. It was solved exactly in two special cases by Derrida and Gardner. A complete solution for the thermodynamics in the general case was given by Capocaccia et al. Here we use large deviation theory to analyse the model in a very straightforward way. We also show that the variational expression for the free energy can be evaluated easily using the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality.


(1) Group VIII metals, preferably palladium, and a phosphine ligand selected in the presence of an acid promoter, the nucleophile respectively (a) an alcohol or water, (b) water or (c) methanol, it is.


Although malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children in sub- Saharan Africa valid quantitative estimates of malaria mortality cannot be obtained from vital registration systems in most countries in the region. To fill this gap a variety of estimates have been proposed using epidemiologic models each of which has limitations. Our objective was to estimate the number of direct malaria deaths (i.e. malaria initiated the train of morbid events leading directly to death) for children under 5 years old in sub-Saharan Africa for the year 2000 by refining recent epidemiologic models and using all available contemporary mortality data. First we conducted a literature review to identify community-based longitudinal studies of malaria mortality among children 0-59 months old; these studies used verbal autopsies to determine causes of deaths. Second for each country we estimated sub-populations of children that had different risks for dying from malaria (in middle Africa: populations exposed to high-and low-intensity malaria transmission in rural areas and high- and low-intensity transmission in urban areas; in southern Africa: populations exposed to high- and low-intensity transmission). Third we estimated a malaria mortality rate for each malaria risk sub-population using mortality studies identified in the literature review. To estimate the malaria mortality rates we developed a prediction model. Fourth for each malaria risk sub-population in each country we estimated the number of malaria deaths by multiplying the sub-population by its corresponding malaria mortality rate. Fifth to estimate a total number of malaria deaths for Africa we summed malaria death counts for all malaria risk sub-populations from all countries. Finally a series of sensitivity analyses was performed to assess the impact of varying key assumption (authors)


A valve housing for use in the aerosol valve is provided. The valve housing includes an upper portion or crown defining therein a tail and at least one filling slot. Tail defines a first minimum fill area of therethrough, at least one fill slot defines a second minimum fill area of. The housing includes a first minimum fill region of the second minimum fill region has a 1: 0.5 to 1: 4 ratio.


The three surveys on health-care and medicine in China by the China Medical Commission of Rockefeller Foundation and its effect on China's medical education and health-care are reviewed in detail according to the archives of the foundation and other historical sources.These surveys not only prove the possibility of the foundation's Chinese medical project,but also provide a lot of information for American medical circles to understand the situation of health-care and medical education in China.The fruits of the Rockefeller Foundation plays an important role in mapping the modern medicine in China.


Purpose: Respiratory motion introduces uncertainties during CT and radiation therapydelivery. Reliable equipment and quality assurance (QA) techniques must be established to assess and overcome these uncertainties. Our goal was to validate the performance of a programmable motion phantom for QA and to demonstrate the dosimetric impact of breathing motion on treatmentdelivery.Method and Materials: The "Quasar" phantom (Modus Medical, London, ON) was assessed for suitability in QA procedures for radiation therapy involving respiratory motion. The phantom is equipped with a programmable unit, which introduces motion to cylindrical lung inserts. We tested the standard mode of motion and the "oscillation" mode, in which patient breathing profiles are imported and reproduced. Phantom motion reproducibility and accuracy were assessed using the Varian Real‐time Position Management (RPM) system and video for the extreme breathing periods (1 and 15seconds) and a patient representative breathing period of 4seconds. An in‐house designed cedar lung insert was built containing a target (4cm by 7cm). Film is placed in the insert to assess the dose distribution under phantom motion from static and dynamic delivery under phantom motion. The dynamic MLCtreatmentdelivery was synchronized with target motion. Results: Using the RPM system, percent differences between the intended and actual periods for each were 0.57%, −1.70% and −0.22% respectively. When the amplitude was changed from 2cm to 1cm, the measured period did not change. Comparison of the breathing profiles in oscillation mode with profiles generated using the RPM system shows a close correspondence, with slight divergence at extreme direction or speed variation. Dose distribution for a phantom motion of 2cm peak‐to‐peak and period of 3.2sec along the moving direction indicates significant broadening of (80–20%) penumbra for static delivery (1.67cm) compared to dynamic delivery (0.80cm) Conclusion: The Quasar phantom is suitable for QA and dosimetric measurements of moving targets.


This study was carried out in Obafemi Owode Local Government Area of Ogun State. Various coat colours were observed across the local government area and the pattern of distribution in the study area showed that high variation in the coat colours occurred among goats and sheep. For WAD goat, a total number of 1211 were sampled, 305 were males and 906 were females. Coat colours observed were white (0.83%), black (21.55%), brown (12.72%), grey (4.87%), tan (3.06%), badgerface (9.50%), buskin (7.435), swiss marked (4.87%), white and black (12.96%),
white with black markings (7.02%), black with white markings (12.96%), bezoar (0.91%) and peacock (1.32%). Black coat colour was observed to be predominant with a frequency of 261 (22%) while white with a frequency of 10 (0.83%) had the least. For WAD sheep, a total number
of 936 were sampled, 286 were males and 650 were females. Coat colours observed were white (40.94%), black (1.93%), tan (10.74%), buskin (11.36%), white and black (37.47%), white and brown (7.34%), white with black markings (33.50%), black with white markings (8.08%), black
and brown (28.70%), brown with white markings (8.85%) and spotted white (11.09%).It was observed that white coat colour was predominant with a frequency of 191( 41%) while black with a frequency of 10 (1.93%) had the least.


While it is often assumed that the aged are accorded low prestige status in the stratification systems of urban-industrial societies, direct empirical research demonstrating the existence and extent of prestige loss and delineating sources of variation has not been undertaken. Using a format similar to the NORC occupational prestige studies, an exploratory approach to this problem is made by asking a sample of older persons to evaluate the prestige of a series ("E") of 9 general occupational titles and a matched series ("R") of 9 occupational titles prefaced by the age-status designation "retired" (e.g., plumbers/retired plumbers). The hypothesis of low perceived prestige is supported as the summary prestige score for the R-series is significantly lower than the score for the E-series. Further analysis suggests the existence of an "order of presentation" effect: a greater difference between the summary prestige scores is found for those evaluating the R-series early in the interview and the E-series later in the interview than vice-versa. The methodological implications of this finding are considered as is the potential utility of the general method for more heterogeneous samples. Also considered is the use of the method to determine variation in perceptions of prestige loss among the aged along such dimensions as social integration, life satisfaction, age, socioeconomic status, and others.


by such procedures that Sewall' first showed that animals repeatedly injected with snake venom (crotalus) acquire an increased resistance to that venom, and by which also Calmette2 made the fundamental determination that animals displaying increased resistance to cobra venom possess in their body-fluids newly formed substances of high neutralizing value for that venom. The observations which it is the purpose of this paper to present, relate to a phenomenon distinctly different from those recorded by Sewall and by Calmette; they concern, namely, an abrupt but transient increase in resistance


This paper describes the design of tadix-4 FFT based on FPGA and its application in OFDM system known as the new 5G communication system.The simulation result of the design for each grade is compared with the simulation result of ximulinx,thus to make sure the correctness in the design process.The simulation result indicate that this project has many advantages such as high precision,fast speed and less occupation.


The SARI algorithm is the JPEG compression tolerant multimedia content authentication technique,which was proposed by LIN and Chang et al in 2001.Its security depends on the grouping function and the threshold.The cost of eliminating the watermark is small because of its linear function and the single threshold.Theories and experimental results show its weaknesses.Some novel methods are proposed to enhance the system security by using encryption and coding techniques.


Non-small cell lung cancers harboring rearrangements involving the ALK gene are sensitive to treatment with the ALK inhibitor crizotinib. However, the emergence of drug resistance is universal and limits clinical applicability. The mechanisms of resistance include ALK gene amplification, acquired ALK missense mutations, bypass activation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). More than ten acquired ALK mutations have been identified from patients and preclinical cell lines resistant to crizotinib. Although the second generation of ALK inhibitors (ceritinib and alectinib) overcome some of the crizotinib resistant mutations, they are plagued by a different spectrum of ALK resistant mutations. For example, the ALK G1202R mutation confers resistance to crizotinib, ceritinib, and alectinib. None of the current ALK inhibitors approved or in clinical trials can overcome bypass and EMT resistance mechanisms. SRC kinase has been identified to contribute broadly to primary intrinsic resistance to ALK inhibitor treatment, the development of bypass resistance and EMT during ALK inhibitor treatment. Saracatinib, a selective SRC inhibitor, can re-sensitize ALK inhibitor-resistant cell lines, suggesting a therapeutic role. There are currently no available ALK/SRC dual inhibitors, and we designed a novel ALK and SRC inhibitor TPX-0005 to address the need to overcome resistance. TPX-0005 is a novel three-dimensional macrocycle with a much smaller size (MW Citation Format: Dayong Zhai, Wei Deng, Zhongdong Huang, Evan Rogers, J. Jean Cui. The novel, rationally-designed, ALK/SRC inhibitor TPX-0005 overcomes multiple acquired resistance mechanisms to current ALK inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2132.


The zero shear viscosity (η0), relaxation time, relaxation spectrum index (RSI) of 20 metallocene-catalyzed, and conventional polyethylenes are presented. The effect of molecular weight (Mw) determined by gel-permeation chromatography on rheology parameters was analyzed. The dependence of zero shear viscosity or relaxation time on molecular weight allowed the polyethylene samples to be separated into three different groups and different values of parameter in were obtained, respectively. Two groups of polymers display viscosity deviation from linear relationship and the reason was attributed to different level of long-chain branching and high-molecular weight tails. The intrinsic reason was disclosed when relaxation spectra at frequencies between 1 s and 10 s were involved and RSI was used for quantitative analysis. Thus, an alternative single rheological method, based on the effect of molecular structure on dynamic rheological behaviors, was proposed to evaluate the molecular weight of polyethylene. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012


Abstract: 14‐3‐2 Protein is a neuron‐specific protein with a molecular weight of 46,000. Poly(A)‐containing RNA was prepared from free polysomes of rat whole brains by means of phenol‐chloroform extraction and oligo (dT)‐cellulose chromatography. This RNA directed the synthesis of 14‐3‐2 protein in a cell‐free, protein‐synthesizing system derived from wheat germ. 14‐3‐2 Protein was not detected in the products of endogenous incorporation and the products directed with liver poly(A)‐containing RNA. These results indicate that mRNA for 14‐3‐2 protein contains the poly(A) sequence and resides only in the brain.


Far-ultraviolet (FUV) GALEX photometry of main-sequence stars in moving groups is used to verify that there is a relationship between age and FUV broadband magnitude among such stars. Samples of dwarf stars were compiled for twelve moving groups and a search made for both GALEX FUV magnitudes on the AB system and Johnson BV photometry. These data sets were used to calculate a (FUV − B) color index for each star, which in turn was plotted against B − V in a two-color diagram. Based on the loci that the group dwarfs define in this two-color space, there is strong evidence that among candidate members of the Hyades, HR 1614, Wolf 630, Ursa Major, Arcturus, AB Doradus, η Cephei, β Pictoris, and Tucana–Horologium moving groups there are populations of coeval stars. Evidence for coevality is weaker in the case of the ζ Herculis group, and no conclusion can be drawn for candidate stars that have previously been assigned to the Kapteyn's Star and σ Puppis groups. Polynomials of up to fifth order were fitted to the two-color loci of the dwarfs in each group. These fits were used to calculate fiducial values of (FUV − B) throughout a range in B − V color on the main sequence for most of the groups studied here. Evidence is found that at a fixed B − V there is a logarithmic dependence of (FUV − B) color on stellar age for FGK dwarfs. The relationships presented herein could potentially serve as a tool for estimating the ages of late-type Population I dwarf stars.


This paper presents a wind-battery storage hybrid power generation system which is suitable for rural areas and also for small irrigation purpose. An Adaptive Incremental Conductance (AIC) MPPT is implemented for the wind tur-bine. The wind turbine model and the battery is designed in MATLAB/Simulink. Controlling is carried out with the help of LabVIEW software. Finally, this proposed hybrid system is implemented in laboratory with the proper choice of component ratings.


Of the present invention, there is provided a method of contacting the silicon carbide crystal at a melting a heated Si in a graphite crucible melt for growing a silicon carbide single crystal on a single crystal substrate, in the melt, Cr and X (X is Ni, and Co at least 1 Cr elements of jongim) as the ratio of each element to the total composition is 30 to 70at.%, X is from 1 to 25at.% is precipitated silicon carbide single crystal from a Si-Cr-XC melt is added in a range in which and growing a growth method of silicon carbide single crystals, comprising a step. Determined by the solution method can be implemented to improve the morphology of the growing layer surface. Insulating material, a graphite crucible, a single crystal hydrocarbon, a thermocouple, a high-frequency coil


The study aimed to determine the technical performance profile of floor defense regarding execution and efficacy from national U-14 to senior international competitions. The sample of the study was composed of a total of 7,818 game phases from 48 matches in the following divisions: under-14, under-16, under-18, 2nd national senior division, 1st national senior division, and international senior division (World Championship). The study's variables were: " age group and level of competition ", the technique used in floor defense, the zone where the defense was executed, attack tempo, and floor defense efficacy. The results indicate that the efficacy of the forearm defense and overhead defense increased up to U-18 category and decreased in senior categories. As the age group and level of competition increases, the efficacy of the different techniques of floor defense and zone defense changed. The attack tempo influenced the efficacy of the floor defense. The study provides data may help to establish the technical and tactical floor defense profiles in women's volleyball and to understand how this action changes throughout the developmental stages of the female volleyball players.


Palavras-chave: Responsabilidade civil; relacoes dentista-paciente; Odontologia Legal. Abstract: The professional responsibility of dental surgeon has been discussed actually, due the increase of lawsuits involving these professionals. This study have the aim to evaluate perception of advocates from Aracatuba City, SP State, Brazil, about professional responsibility of dental surgeon, according the type of assumed duty; professional duty during the first consultation; the existence of adequate documentation to serve like judge proof and avoid to judge the lawsuit against dental surgeon. Just 318 questioners were distributed for advocates and 151 of them were answered. Although majority of lowers affirmed that assumed duty by professional vary according to the case, they believes that dental surgeon should guarantee treatment success, contradictorily. For them, dental surgeon doesn't have documentation capable to make judge proof and would be demanded if patient feel mistaken. The satisfaction with treatment probably would make patient to desist of lawsuit. It's possible to conclude that there isn't consensus about professional duty of dental surgeon, this professional isn't documented adequately and the good relation between professional-patient can avoid judge lawsuit deliberated.


Cities often lack up-to-date data analytics to evaluate and implement transport planning interventions to achieve sustainability goals, as traditional data sources are expensive, infrequent, and suffer from data latency. Mobile phone data provide an inexpensive source of geospatial information to capture human mobility at unprecedented geographic and temporal granularity. This paper proposes a method to estimate updated mode of transportation usage in a city, with novel usage of mobile phone application traces to infer previously hard to detect modes, such as bikes and ride-hailing/taxi. By using data fusion and matrix factorisation, we integrate socioeconomic and demographic attributes of the local resident population into the model. We tested the method in a case study of Santiago (Chile), and found that changes from 2012 to 2020 in mode of transportation inferred by the method are coherent with expectations from domain knowledge and the literature, such as ride-hailing trips replacing mass transport.