One of the concerns of those involved in teaching antiparasitic chemotherapy is the relatively superficial treatment that it receives from textbooks of pharmacology. However, there are specialist reviews, review journals and collections of articles such as this volume that help to redress the balance. Malaria is the world's most serious parasitic infection. Efficacious vaccines have proven elusive and parasitic resistance undermines drug treatment. New thinking is necessary to hold back the tide of mortality, particularly among African children, and new drugs are needed to replace those made redundant by resistance. Fortunately, the world has woken up. Promising new ventures are under way led by Roll Back Malaria and Medicines for Malaria and armies of dedicated scientists are exploiting advances in molecular biology to identify new targets for chemotherapy.

'Antimalarial Chemotherapy: Mechanisms of action, resistance and new directions in drug discovery' is a collection of reviews from experts in different areas. All have published widely in leading journals and are regular participants at international meetings. Their work can therefore be regarded as authoritative. Rosenthal divides the book into three sections. First there is a collection of reviews dealing with historical issues relating to malaria therapy and biology, and the impact of drug resistance. Second, there is discussion of the major groups of antimalarial agents in current use, together with mechanisms of action and resistance. This section concludes with a general review of drugs under development. The final section, entitled 'New compounds, new strategies and new targets' looks at some novel strategies for chemotherapy, revisiting some areas and highlighting those that have received relatively less attention.

While no book, however, authoritative, can hope to be the last word, this collection comes close to being the most definitive text in this area that I have seen in recent times. Of course, the problem is that further research means material easily becomes dated, but as a reference source the book retains its value. One can argue about the arrangement of chapters but I would suspect this is a book to be dipped into or looked at chapter by chapter than to be read at one sitting or even continuously. More seriously, it is reasonable to argue about what is missing. It is somewhat surprising that the controversies of combination chemotherapy are not offered at least one chapter. There is nothing to highlight the advances in clinical pharmacokinetics that have allowed more sensible thinking about dosage regimens in susceptible populations. The majority of authors are based in Europe and the United States. Why aren't Africa and South-east Asia represented? Surely those clinicians working on the ground in these areas have something positive to say?

Yet, I do not want to depart too much from the view that this book is welcome. I will certainly use it as a basis for teaching and to provide a starting point for the new thinking that I have highlighted as being so necessary. Perhaps we might have a second volume to cover those issues that the current publication neglects?


The article elaborates on the main definitions of laughter phenomenon, given by different scientific disciplines and provides a short description of this phenomenon. Based on the data, obtained by the author, the article shows possible ways of further laughter study in linguistics and its practical application.


AVATAR (Automatic Variance And Time of Analysis Reduction), accessed through the graphical user interface application Justine, is a superset of MCNP that automatically invokes THREEDANT for a three-dimensional deterministic adjoint calculation on a mesh independent of the Monte Carlo geometry, calculates weight windows, and runs MCNP. Computational e ciency increases by a factor of 2 to 5 for a three-detector oil well logging tool model. User e ciency increases dramatically, since AVATAR eliminates the need for deep intuition and hours of tedious data manipulation.


Abstract: The purpose of the present paper is to introduce the conformal semi-invariant ξRiemannian submersions from almost contact metric manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds as a generalization of anti-invariant submersions, semi-invariant submersions, anti-invariant ξ-submersions, semi-invariant ξ-submersions, conformal anti-invariant ξ-submersions, conformal semi-invariant submersions. We obtain characterizations and investigate the integrability of distributions which are arisen from the definition of conformal semi-invariant ξ-Riemannian submersions. We find out the necessary and sufficient conditions for a conformal semi-invariant ξ-Riemannian submersions to be totally geodesic and harmonic. Finally, examples are also given for conformal semi-invariant submersions with horizontal Reeb vector field. AMS 2010 Classification: 53C15, 53C40, 53C50.


This volume makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the Malaysian constitutional framework. It aims to provoke debates on the state of constitutionalism in contemporary Malaysia.


In Argentina, the use of drugs has markedly increased since the beginning of the new millennium. For instance, during the period 2007-2009, the consumption of psychotropic drugs was well above world average, Argentina appearing as the second American country, just behind the USA. A peak in the use of antidepressants was noted in 2001, in correlation with the economic crisis installed in the country. Present data indicate that 18% of the population between 12 and 65 years old consume tranquilizers or anxiolytics [1]. In addition to psychotropics, the increased consumption of several other drugs, such as analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and antibiotics is equally alarming.


Hydrotalcite-like minerals, containing Mg2+-AI3+-X n (X n- = N03- , CI-, SO4 z-, or CrO4Z-), Zn2+-AI3+-NO3 -, or ZnZ+-fr3+=NO3 ions, were intercalated with Co(CN)63- by an anion exchange method. For most of the minerals examined, the degree of anion exchange was 79-90%. X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the ion-exchanged samples revealed two peaks at about 8 ~ and 11~ (CuKc~ radiation) attributable to reflections from expanded and non-expanded interlayers, respectively. The intensity of the peak at about 8~ was a linear function of the degree of anion exchange. The amount of hexane adsorbed onto the anion-exchanged sample increased linearly with the increase in degree of anion exchange. From these results, anions near the edge of the interlayers appear to have been preferentially replaced by Co(CN)6 3- at a low degree of anion exchange, whereas those at some distance from the edge were replaced only at a high degree of anion exchange. The adsorption capacity of the C0(CN)63 -exchanged sample for hydrocarbons was: hexane -~ 2-methylpentane >> cyclohexane > methylcyclohexane. The adsorption of chain hydrocarbons and cyclic hydrocarbons was different.


Abstract. Accurate estimation of wind speed at wind turbine hub
height is of significance for wind energy assessment and exploitation.
Nevertheless, the traditional power law method (PLM) generally estimates the
hub-height wind speed by assuming a constant exponent between surface and
hub-height wind speed. This inevitably leads to significant uncertainties in
estimating the wind speed profile especially under unstable conditions. To
minimize the uncertainties, we here use a machine learning algorithm known
as random forest (RF) to estimate the wind speed at hub heights such as at
120 m (WS120), 160 m (WS160), and 200 m (WS200). These heights
go beyond the traditional wind mast limit of 100–120 m. The radar wind
profiler and surface synoptic observations at the Qingdao station from May
2018 to August 2020 are used as key inputs to develop the RF model. A deep
analysis of the RF model construction has been performed to ensure its
applicability. Afterwards, the RF model and the PLM model are used to retrieve
WS120, WS160, and WS200. The comparison analyses from both RF
and PLM models are performed against radiosonde wind measurements. At 120 m,
the RF model shows a relatively higher correlation coefficient R of 0.93 and a
smaller RMSE of 1.09 m s−1, compared with the R of 0.89 and RMSE of 1.50 m s−1
for the PLM. Notably, the metrics used to determine the performance of the model
decline sharply with height for the PLM model, as opposed to the stable
variation for the RF model. This suggests the RF model exhibits advantages
over the traditional PLM model. This is because the RF model considers well
the factors such as surface friction and heat transfer. The diurnal and
seasonal variations in WS120, WS160, and WS200 from RF are
then analyzed. The hourly WS120 is large during daytime from 09:00 to 16:00
local solar time (LST) and reach a peak at 14:00 LST. The seasonal WS120
is large in spring and winter and is low in summer and autumn. The diurnal
and seasonal variations in WS160 and WS200 are similar to those of
WS120. Finally, we investigated the absolute percentage error (APE) of
wind power density between the RF and PLM models at different heights. In the vertical
direction, the APE is gradually increased as the height increases. Overall,
the PLM algorithm has some limitations in estimating wind speed at hub
height. The RF model, which combines more observations or auxiliary data, is
more suitable for the hub-height wind speed estimation. These findings
obtained here have great implications for development and utilization in the wind energy industry in the future.


Object To observe the relationship between effects of quercetin (Que) on learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats and apoptosis of the hippocampus cells. Methods The AD pathological model was made by hippocampal CA 1 lesions due to stereotaxic mini injection of quinolinic acid (QA), the rat's learning and memory were observed by Y maze; the apoptosis of hippocampal cells were detected by using flow cytometry and electronic microscope. Results Que was shown to improve learning and memory deficiency in rats with bilateral hippocampal lesions induced by QA, to decrease apoptosis rate in hippocampal cells significantly. Conclusion These results suggested that Que for the protective effects of AD rats may be related to its ability to decrease apoptosis rate of hippocampal cells.


According to authoritative estimates, there are presently about 15,000,000 blind people in the world. With an ever-increasing world population, and with the steady upward trend of life expectancy, this number is likely to increase. As is well known, glaucoma is one of the major causes of blindness. Not a disease sui generis, but a symptomatic condition, probably of angiopathologic background, glaucoma is characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure. If the disease is left untreated, the tragedy of irreversible loss of vision will eventually strike. If it is treated, either medically or surgically, visual acuity may be preserved. A rather large proportion of glaucoma patients undergo surgery, which frequently consists in one of the fistulizing eye operations practiced today. About 85 per cent of these operations are successful, whereas the remainder seem to end in failure. This fact led re-


Extraordinary electromagnetic behaviour, such as negative refractive index, can be produced in metamaterial composites. A number of impressive specimens have been produced to date, though they typically rely on conductor inclusions with intricate topologies, or dielectric inclusions with very high permittivity. We show that by designing the composite on two dierent length scales, we are able to bring about metamaterial behaviour using quite simple constituent materials and topologies. One scale is analyzed in the long wavelength limit, where metallic (or otherwise conducting) nanoparticles are mixed into a common dielectric phase, producing material with a high, and tunable, permittivity. This material is then used as the inclusion in the larger scale, where the high permittivity produces electric and magnetic Mie resonances, leading to a negative refractive index of the composite as a whole.


: Scientific and accurate forecasts can not only help people to formulate correct work plans and action arrangements in a timely manner, but also provide important policy recommendations for economic development and promote stable and healthy economic development. In real life, everyone hopes to obtain very effective forecast results and provide necessary solutions for scientifically responding to future market changes. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and study the prediction of consumer psychology in the digital economy based on DNNs. This paper establishes an analytical framework for the dynamic correlation characteristics of consumption and economic growth, and innovatively comprehensively evaluates the changes of the correlation between the two over time from three aspects: gravity coupling, cycle synergy and interactive influence. To compare the forecast results, the error function was used to calculate the error of the three forecast methods using the mean squared error. The experimental study shows that the DNN algorithm in this paper has the best prediction effect through the comparison charts and error comparison tables of three prediction results. The prediction error of the multiple linear regression algorithm is 0.483, the prediction error of the principal component regression algorithm is 0.214, and the prediction error of the DNN algorithm is 0.059, which is an order of magnitude higher than the previous two algorithms in accuracy.


This work deals with the viability of the use of oil pouch (LDPE-LLDPE-nylon 6 and LDPE-LLDPE-PET blends) and recycled milk pouch (50:50 LDPE-LLDPE blend) materials and the scope for improvement of their properties by various techniques. The polymer compositions and thermal stability of the waste oil pouches were studied by various spectroscopic and thermal analyses, respectively. Since post-use oil pouches contain different types of physically inseparable immiscible polymers, the recycling of such waste pouches by melt-extrusion leads to poor quality product. Two efficient reactive compatibilizers, viz., zinc salt of ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer (Surlyn ionomer) and polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (Fusabond) were used to improve the properties of the recycled oil pouch polymers. Both the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the recycled polymers obtained from these waste oil pouches were significantly improved by the addition of 5 wt.% of compatibilizers. Similarly, the properties of the recycled milk pouch polymer were not as satisfactory as those of the corresponding virgin material but, a significant improvement in viscosity, crystallinity, thermal stability and mechanical properties was achieved by blending with corresponding Correspondence/Reprint request: Dr. Basudam Adhikari, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India. E-mail: email@example.com Basudam Adhikari & Arup Choudhury 156 virgin polymer and 0.4 wt.% stabilizer. The viability of the use of recycled milk pouch polymer as matrix in jute fiber reinforced composite for engineering application is also shown. The recycled polymer based jute fiber composites showed inferior mechanical properties compared to those observed for virgin polymer/jute fiber composites. However, the jute-composites made with (50:50) recycled milk pouch-virgin LDPE-LLDPE blend as polymer matrix indicated significantly superior properties in comparison to the recycled milk pouch/jute composites. Overall mechanical performances of the recycled and virgin polymeric composites were correlated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Effect of artificial weathering on mechanical properties of jute fiber composites was determined.


Knowledge-based economy requires the social development be based on knowledge, science and education. The function of higher education becomes more and more extensive and socialization. This paper discusses the function of higher education on regional economy.


The capillary pattern of the rat optic nerve can be demonstrated in sections incubated to show alkaline phosphatase activity and by perfusion with dyed silicone rubber. In the nerves of one third of the rats studied, a capillary-poor zone was found several millimeters behind the globe. This anomaly may explain the frequency and distribution of lesions induced in the rat optic nerve with cyanide.


In this paper, we discuss the interleaved Flyback Micro-inverter with SiC device. The Micro-inverter is composed of front-end interleaved Flyback converter and a 50Hz switching MOSFET inverter. A loss model is used to compare the efficiency between using SiC devices and conventional device. Three solutions are compared: Micro-inverter with Si diode, Micro-inverter with SiC diode, and Micro-inverter with SiC MOSFET for synchronous rectifier. Finally the comparison is verified by experiment.


Five countries have reduced SIDS incidence following public health campaigns to encourage the supine or side sleeping position for infants. Several mechanisms whereby prone sleeping might make infants more vulnerable to SIDS have been proposed: l) increased chance for airway occlusion; 2) increased thermal stress; 3) delayed arousal responses; 4) increased chance for fatal asphyxia due to rebreathing. Drs. J. Kemp, B. Chiodine, A. Lijowska, N. Reed, in our St. Louis laboratory and staff of the St. Louis Medical Examiner's office have evaluated l) mechanical models of infant rebreathing from bedding'; 2) types of bedding most conducive to rebreathing; 3) potential lethality of such rebreathing in animal modcls•; 4) incidence of potential lethal rebreathing among St. Louis SIDS cases; 5) positionrelated rebreathing in living infants and 6) mechanisms by which healthy infants reflexively limit or terminate rebreathing when their face is covered by bedding during slcep•• Therefore, work from our laboratory in St. Louis supports a rebreathing hypothesis for some SIDS deaths in prone sleeping infants. We have reached several conclusions: l) rebreathing leading to severe hypercapnia and hypoxia is a likely cause of death in previously healthy infants who are found dead, lying prone, face down, with soft bedding covering their face; 2) in animal models of this situation, death occurs over a l-5 hour period; 3) 25 % of SIDS deaths in the city of St. Louis appear to have died from rebrcathing; 4) the properties of bedding most conducive to lethal rcbreathing arc softness, low resistance to airflow and ability to trap expired gasses (C02); 5) most infants will, at least transiently, assume or maintain a face down posture when sleeping prone on soft bedding; 6) in this position they rebreathe, retain C02 and, in some cases, have 0 2 desaturation but do not appear to have overt airway obstruction. Factors limiting duration of face down sleeping and/or severity of rebreathing in normal infants are: l) firm bedding; 2) increased minute volume in response to C02 rcbreathing 6 ; 3) formation of vents or channels in the bedding allowing access to fresh air; 4) specific airway protective responses (head turning and


Pool screening is a widely used study design to make inference about the probability of a subject being positive for an infection when the probability is extremely low. When the pool sizes are unequal, outcomes of pool screening follow independent nonidentical Bernoulli distributions. This paper presents different calculation methods for the probability distribution of T, the number of positive pools. Marcus and Lopes recursive method is recommended.


Introduction of minor amounts of metallic nickel to solvent-crazed polymer (polypropylene) matrices allowed preparation of polymer composites with various electric properties up to those of conductors. As a result of the structurization of the filler associated with the morphology of the initial matrix, the composites are characterized by a low value of volume concentration of the filler (1-2 vol %), at which the percolation threshold for conductivity is attained. The percolation threshold for conductivity and dielectric permeability may be varied by controlling the dimensions and compactness of the metallic layer formed in polymer matrix.


Catalytic converter is basically a device which is used to convert toxic harmful gases into less harmful gases from the exhaust of a automobile. Without this device, toxic gases which are emitted from the exhaust of an automobile can't be converted to less toxic gases. An existing and catalytic converter which is present currently in the market uses catalyst of Platinum group such as Palladium, Platinum and Rhodium which are highly expensive catalyst. Therefore, to improve the durability and to reduce the cost of the catalytic converter, we are replacing the coating of catalyst by Aluminium Oxide and Silicon Dioxide which have high thermal stability, durability and are available are cheaper rates. This project focuses on the methodology involved in the fabrication of new catalytic converter and analysing the emission rates of toxic gases like Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide and hydrocarbons. The Silicon Dioxide coated converter reduces the NOx and CO emission and the Aluminium Oxide coated converter reduces the CO and HC emission. The nitrogen oxide gases have been reduced 20.38% at maximum load and 55.2% at minimum load using Silicon dioxide coated convertor. The hydrocarbon emission has been reduced up to 88.8% at maximum load and 80% at minimum load. CO emissions were reduced by 75% and 80% at maximum and minimum loads in both the converters.


Abstract This paper proposes a new approach for analysing cooperative manipulation in which cooperative manipulators form a mechanism closure that allows a virtual-mechanism-based analysis to take place. The method is based on the geometry of manipulators during manipulation and converts the cooperative manipulation problem into the analysis of a hypothetical mechanism so that the mechanism theory can be used for the manipulation. This mechanism is hence generated by the fact that the end points (or geometric centres of respective grippers) of cooperative manipulators coincide with a virtual joint during cooperative manipulation. The analysis not only generates positions and orientations of the end effectors of cooperative manipulators but also produces corresponding link configurations that can be used for manipulation planning. The approach is further used for the orientation-based trajectory planning with two different cases. Simulations and discussions are made with respect to cooperative manipulations using two 2R manipulators and one 2R manipulators and one 3R manipulator.


Objective The purpose of this investigation was to study on the differences of dental maturation between adolescents with mandibular retrusion and protrusion. And the effect of the time of dental maturation on the mandibular sagittal skeletal growth pattern was analyzed. Methods 143 patients with malocclusion were chosen randomly (80 males and 63 females, aged 9~12.9years, with a mean chronological age of 11.5 years). The subjects were divided into two groups according the SNB, SNA and ANB angle measured on the lateral cephalogram. One was the mandibular retrusion group (SNA was normal, SNB77.6,ANB≥5), and the other was the mandibular protrusion group (SNA was normal, ANB0). Dental age was determined according to Demirjian's dental maturity score on the panoramic radiographs. Then the difference of the dental age between the two groups was analyzed. Results In the mandibular retrusion group, the mean dental age was 11.9 years with 0.3 years of age difference (difference between the dental age and the chronological age ). In the mandibular protrusion group, the mean dental age was 11.5 years with 0.1 years of age difference. The difference in dental age between the two groups was not statistically significant. A slight tendency of advanced dental age was suggested in the mandibular retrusion group. Conclusion There was on significant difference of dental maturation between adolescents with mandibular protrusion and retrusion. And it is suggested that there was no enough relativity between the dental maturation time and the mandibular sagittal skeletal growth pattern.


I. A summary of the historic literature, 248. — II. The development of the argument after World War II, 252.


Objective: Hematological malignancy presenting primarily with central nervous system (CNS) manifestations is rare and often portends a worse prognosis. The aim of this study is to report the spectrum of hematological malignancies presenting primarily with CNS symptoms. Materials and Methods: All histologically verified hematological malignancies involving CNS from January 2016 to December 2018 were included. The presence of lymphadenopathy, organomegaly, and bone marrow (BM) examination results was recorded to rule out a spread from systemic disease. The diagnosis was aided by special stains (reticulin) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) as appropriate. Antibodies used were CD20, CD3, CD10, Bcl 2, Bcl 6, MUM 1, CD138, CD68, MPO, PCK, and Ki67. The Hans algorithm was used to classify diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-GCB types. Results: During the study period, 18 DLBCLs, 4 plasmacytomas, and 3 myeloid sarcomas (MSs) were diagnosed. DLBCLs included 16 primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) and 2 systemic lymphomas with evidence of lymphadenopathy. PCNSLs had male predominance and a mean of 46 (14–67) years. Frontal lobe was the most common location. Seven (70%) PCNSLs were non-GCB type and 3 (30%) were GCB type. One was a primary spinal T cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma (a variant of DLBCL). Two were diagnosed as corticoid-mitigated lymphoma. One of the three MS cases had acute myeloid leukemia on BM examination and the rest two were isolated spinal masses with normal BM study. There were four spinal plasmacytomas, presenting with cord compression. Conclusion: Primary CNS presentation of hematological malignancies requires a high index of suspicion clinically and radiologically, and diagnosis requires IHC for proper classification.


Cloud computing training platform is not only a place for students to experience the working environment in enterprises and carrying out practical project training,but also an important means for the college to reduce the construction and operation costs of practical base and improve the teaching efficiency and school management efficiency.The paper demonstrates the concept,basic principles and application of cloud computing,and discusses the architecture and functional modules of cloud computing training platform for software engineering major to provide theoretical reference for universities to build virtual training base.


This paper describes the transient overvoltages caused by the neutral grounding connection of the generators and transformers during phase to ground failures in some Mexican petrochemical plants. Examples of this type of overvoltages generated during phase to ground failures are shown, it can be seen that severe damages to the generators and other electrical equipments is produced. Unfortunately, these problems occur rather frequently and produce outages with great economical impact. A solution to this problem was proposed, by permanently connecting the neutral of all generators with a high resistance scheme using a grounding transformer. This solution has been presented to petrochemical plants and it has been accepted and finally introduced in one Mexican plant. Simulation and practice show that no overvoltages are presented by applying this solution.


The antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of 22 of plant species, against the linear mycelium of Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani, were tested in vitro test. All plant extracts have an antifungal activity against the two fungi except Basil, Castor beans, Chamomile and Peppermint. Aqueous extracts of Chilli, Lantana, Lemon grass and Onion seeds highly reduced the mycelial growth of F. solani from 60.0 to 74.4% and of R. solani from 42.2 to 71.1%. These extracts at concentrations of 2.5% significantly inhibited the activity of polygalactronase and cellulolytic enzymes of the tested pathogenic fungi in treated cultural media compared with control. The dried plant materials of Chilli, Lantana, Lemon grass and Onion seeds were applied as seed dressing and/or soil treatment in greenhouse and field experiments. The treatments significantly reduced the incidence of pre- and post-emergence damping-off disease under artificial infection. Field results showed that the above treatments were effective in reducing the damping-off and root-rot disease incidence on bean plants under natural infection. The treatments increased the percentage of plant survival and improved some growth and yield parameters compared with control. The dried material treatments also increased the activity of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and chitinase enzymes in bean plants.


Natural regeneration is recognized as an important component of forest management. Field studies are usually combined with conceptual and mathematical models as the most effective way to understand and predict natural regeneration. In the case of the boreal forest, several important issues arise in the design of regeneration models and are reviewed here. The most important concerns the trade-off between complexity and portability. Complex models may mimic natural systems more closely than do simpler models, but this realism comes at a cost in terms of the volume of data necessary for their calibration. A second issue is that most regeneration models have been scaled to problems at the tree and stand level, but recent interest in landscape-level issues requires models applicable to this higher spatial scale. Finally, the conceptual framework underlying most regeneration models may need to be revisited in light of recent efforts to depict vegetation dynamics under changing climatic regimes. It is unlikely t...


The results from the three- and the four-parameter expressions of the angular velocity expansion (AVE) and the angular momentum expansion (AME) are compared with the available experimental information on transition energies for yrast band levels in even-even nuclei. It is found that from the point of view of range of applicability, degree of fit to experimental transition energies, and high spin behavior, AME gives distinctly better results than AVE. The critical spin for backbending calculated from three-parameter AME is found to be in a fair agreement with the experimental data.


The pool boiling characteristics of dilute dispersions of alumina, zirconia and silica nanoparticles in water were studied. These dispersions are known as nanofluids. Consistently with other nanofluid studies, it was found that a significant enhancement in Critical Heat Flux (CHF) can be achieved at modest nanoparticle concentrations (<0.1% by volume). Buildup of a porous layer of nanoparticles on the heater surface occurred during nucleate boiling. This layer significantly improves the surface wettability, as shown by a reduction of the static contact angle on the nanofluid-boiled surfaces compared with the pure-water-boiled surfaces. CHF theories support the nexus between CHF enhancement and surface wettability changes. This represents a first important step towards identification of a plausible mechanism for boiling CHF enhancement in nanofluids.


As different DRAM memory protocols and emerging memory technologies present themselves as competitive alternatives to current DDR3-based HPC memory systems, the need for a memory system that can handle heterogeneity increases. To satisfy this need, this paper proposes an architecture for a scalable, heterogeneous memory system based on hierarchical memory controllers. In addition, use of multi-level memory buffer is also introduced to provide better memory system bandwidth and capacity. In the end, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this system with a case study: DRAMand PRAM-based heterogeneous memory for HPC checkpointing.


Meeting the economical globalization, the development of national cross-border education is vibrant. The study on current cross-border education development like sino-foreign cooperation in running schools, running school oversea and mutual studying abroad will provide active enlightenment for forecasting of national cross-border education development trend and planning of cross-border education development strategies.


Abstract It is shown that the correlation of the threshold stress for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of plain specimens and of KISCC for precracked specimens in a Mg 7% Al alloy immersed in K2CrO4...


Schabas is most critical of the failure to include clauses in the convention prohibiting acts provoking genocide, including the dissemination of hate propaganda, the formation of racist organizations, and the initiation of preparatory acts. These proposals, of course, might collide with the freedoms of expression and assembly and with due process. Schabas suggests that provisions should be supplemented by State reports as well as by an international genocide early warning system. Lastly, Schabas strongly endorses the highly contested view that the duty in the treaty to "prevent and to punish" genocide creates an obligation to intervene abroad as well as to adopt domestic measures. However, he argues that humanitarian intervention only may be undertaken with the concurrence and endorsement of the United Nations Security Council. In sum, Schabas skillfully identifies ambiguities and uncertainties in the Genocide Convention and starkly sketches the demands and difficulties of satisfying the requisite legal standard. The conundrums, concerns, and challenges raised by Schabas promise to engage scholars and practitioners in the years ahead.


*Fifty stimulating and easy to teach lessons with a clear language focus *'Round-up' lessons revise and draw together the previous four lessons with additional practice in reading, listening and writing *Lessons contain dialogues and texts, pictures, language exercises, reading texts, writing tasks and listening activities *'Look!' boxes highlight points of grammar language which need special explanation *'Did you know?'/'Joke time!' -- small factual items and simple jokes which are linked to the general curriculum *Grammar summary in each Round-up lesson give an overview of the system behind the language the students have been learning *Word lists -- active word lists for students to learn are printed lesson-by-lesson in the reference section at the end of the Students' Book


Nonparametric or distribution-free charts are useful in statistical process control when there is a lack of or limited knowledge about the underlying process distribution. Most existing approaches in the literature are for monitoring location parameters. They may not be effective with a change of distribution over time in many applications. This paper develops a new distribution-free control chart based on the integration of a powerful nonparametric goodness-of-fit test and the exponentially weighted moving-average (EWMA) control scheme. Benefiting from certain desirable properties of the test and the proposed charting statistic, our proposed control chart is computationally fast, convenient to use, and efficient in detecting potential shifts in location, scale, and shape. Thus, it offers robust protection against variation in various underlying distributions. Numerical studies and a real-data example show that the proposed approaches are quite effective in industrial applications, particularly in start-up and short-run situations.


Famciclovir is the oral form of penciclovir, a highly selective antiherpesvirus agent. Both famciclovir and penciclovir are being evaluated in clinical studies. This review covers the conversion of famciclovir to penciclovir, the formation and stability of penciclovir-triphosphate, its effect on herpesvirus DNA polymerases and the inhibition of viral DNA synthesis in cell cultures. The conversion of famciclovir into penciclovir is described, emphasising work with human tissues and including the elucidation of the structures of its chiral monoacetylated derivatives. To reflect its metabolism during oral absorption, famciclovir was incubated in duodenal contents, extracts of intestinal wall and liver, and in blood. The major metabolic route was by de-acetylation followed by oxidation of the purine to form penciclovir. This work with human tissues was predictive of the major metabolic pathway in humans. Penciclovir is phosphorylated much more efficiently than acyclovir in herpesvirus-infected cells yet the host cell kinases phosphorylate the two compounds to a small but comparable extent. This highly preferential metabolism in herpesvirus infected cells is a major factor in its selective antiviral activity. The (S) enantiomer of penciclovir-triphosphate is the major metabolite and it has good stability in HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV infected cells. At the high concentrations found in infected cells, penciclovir-triphosphate was an effective inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases and of viral DNA synthesis. The efficient entrapment of the active moiety can account for the markedly better antiviral activity of penciclovir than acyclovir when infected cell cultures were treated for a short time. Such assays reflect more closely the clinical situation after oral dosing than do standard assays in which the test compounds are present continuously. The role of these studies in compound selection and development is discussed.


This paper proposes a new configuration for the Unified Power Quality Conditioner, which has a DC/DC converter with super-capacitors for energy storage. The proposed UPQC can compensate the reactive power, harmonic current, voltage sag and swell, voltage imbalance, and voltage interruption. The performance of the proposed system was analyzed through simulations with PSCAD/EMTDC software. The feasibility of system implementation is confirmed through experimental works with a prototype. The proposed UPQC has ultimate capability to improve the power quality at the point of installation on power distribution systems and industrial power systems.


This paper compares cross-cultural perceptions towards Computer Conferencing Systems (CCSs) and identifies the factors that are conducive for collaborative learning through videoconferencing. The results indicate that effective communication can contribute to effective performance. In addition, CCSs can incorporate more elements such as language aid, accessibility, sensitivity, and playfulness into the systems.


The purposes of this paper are threefold: to suggest a conceptual scheme which encompasses innovations and improvements in industry; to express this scheme in the mathematical form of Poisson jump processes; and, finally, to illustrate it with a sequence of cost data drawn from three‐quarters of a century of company operations. In the stochastic process, three parameters summarise the events: (i) random intervals between innovations; (ii) different random intervals between improvements; and (iii) the rate at which the benefits of improvements decay over time. The fit between the model's performance, on the one hand, and the cost data, on the other, is good: the theoretical deductions and the actual cost series bear a close resemblance. Most models of technological progress are based upon the mere passage of time, whereas this model stems from the events.


Excerpt To the editor: We read with interest the article by King and Kelton (1) on the clinical importance of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia. We wish to make two comments with regard to diagno...


Introduction The charitable sector strives to improve the economic and social climates in the United States and abroad in numerous ways. Each year, billions of dollars in contributions to charitable entities provide support for such areas as education, the arts, and health and human services, making a notable impact on the quality of life worldwide. Because charitable organizations help to provide many vital services, determining the degree to which they should be taxed in relation to their various sources of income and differing organizational structures is an intricate process. The U.S. government has long faced the unique task of providing incentives to encourage philanthropy, while at the same time ensuring that these incentives are not abused by individuals or charitable organizations. Various charitable organizations collect and disburse income differently, and are in turn taxed in different ways, further complicating the relationship between public service and Federal obligation. Examining the types of charitable organizations that generate taxable income is important to understanding how these entities are formed, operated, and regulated. This paper examines the Federal income tax liability that is incurred by two specific types of charitable organizations -nonexempt charitable trusts and charitable remainder trusts. They differ from most other charitable entities in that they are generally controlled and operated by individuals or families and are consequently subject to more stringent tax regulations and, in some cases, must pay income tax. First, the legal and tax issues related to nonexempt charitable and charitable remainder trusts will be examined to better understand the framework in which these entities conduct charitable activities. Next, there is a brief description of the filing requirements for each of these organizations and of the information that they must provide to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). This is followed by a discussion of the methodology used to link sample data from information returns filed by these two types of trusts with information provided on their income tax returns. By doing this, the Federal income tax liability reported by nonexempt charitable and charitable remainder trusts is identified. Subjects such as taxation of charitable income, sources of income and deductions, and tax burden are also investigated. Finally, there is a discussion of the results and conclusions drawn, as well as some future plans for additional research.


Introduction: Etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma is multifaceted. The established risk factors include tobacco, alcohol, and immunodeficiency states with infections gaining an importance. Candida species has been implicated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aims at determining the prevalence of Candida species in the saliva of patients with OSCC and healthy cohorts. Materials and Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from patients with OSCC (n = 90) and age and sex matched healthy subjects (n = 170). The samples were inoculated onto sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated for a week. The isolates were enumerated using a colony counter. The isolates were identified using standard phenotypic methods. The significance of oral candidal carriage was calculated using chi-square test. Odds and risk ratio was calculated using pearson's chi-square test. Result: Oral candidal carriage were present in 70% of patients with oscc, while healthy cohorts had a prevalence of 20%. The oral candidal carriage among OSCC patients in comparison to healthy cohorts was highly significant. (p = 0.0001). C. albicans and non-albicans Candida were equally distributed in the OSCC group. Colony-forming units were high among patients with oscc. Significant odds and risk ratio was observed for the prevalence of Candida species among OSCC (p <0.001). Conclusion: The present study shows significant association of oral candidal carriage with OSCC in comparison to healthy cohorts.


In this paper, an innovative mathematical tool, rough set analysis (RSA), combined with logistic regression modeling, is used to understand the key factors associated with hit-and-run collisions in Hawaii. After a description of the nature of the problem in Hawaii and some background on the RSA, the methods are applied to a comprehensive database of police-reported accidents over the period 2002 to 2005. RSA is used to extract the key determinants of hit-and-run collisions. With the information from the RSA, a logistic regression model is built to explain the key factors associated with hit-and-run crashes in Hawaii. Factors such as being (a) a male, (b) a tourist, and (c) intoxicated and driving a stolen vehicle are strong predictors of hit-and-run crashes. In addition to the obvious human factors associated with these crashes, there are interesting roadway features, such as horizontal alignment, weather, and lighting, that are also significantly related to hit-and-run crashes. Some suggestions for reducing hit-and-run crashes as well as opportunities for additional research are identified.


This work is focused on the application of high order traffic flow theory to the problem of traffic incident detection, and for modeling multiclass traffic flow composed of different vehicle types. For incident detection applications, a class of generic second order traffic flow models (GOSM) is applied to detect traffic incidents in real time by posing the problem as a hybrid state estimation problem. To incorporate the incident dynamics in the model, a regime variable is introduced to describe where and how many lanes are blocked during an incident, resulting in a multiple model framework. This work develops a multiple model extension to the GOSM on a road network. Then, a discrete version of the GOSM known as the second order cell transmission model (2CTM) is presented under the framework of the cell transmission model. Next, this multiple model predictor is integrated with a particle filter to obtain an estimate of the traffic state and the incident location if it exists. The proposed algorithm is tested on a road segment in numerical simulation using the CORSIM traffic microsimulation software as the true state. In the second application, a new family of high order traffic flow models is considered as an extension to the scalar Lighthill Whitham Richards (LWR) model. Under this framework, a heterogeneous traffic model with two vehicle classes is developed to capture an important phenomenon in highly heterogeneous traffic flows called creeping. Creeping occurs when small vehicles such as motorcycles continue to advance in congestion even though larger vehicles have completely stopped, for example via lane sharing. The new model is a phase transition model which applies a system of conservation laws in the noncreeping phase, and a scalar model in the creeping phase. The solution to the Riemann problem is obtained by investigating the elementary waves, in particular for the cases when one vehicle class is absent, as well as in the presence of a phase transition. Based on the proposed Riemann solver, the solution to the Cauchy problem is constructed using wavefront tracking. Numerical tests are carried out using a Godunov scheme to illustrate the creeping phenomenon.


In addition to the elastic behavior, engineering materials at elevated temperatures tend to creep or, with other words, a spontaneous and a time-dependent material response can be observed. Due to the increasing safety requirements for power plants, aircraft components, equipment for chemical processes, etc. the time-dependent material behavior should be taken into account in the design process. Since many structural elements working under creep conditions can be classified as thin-walled structures the analysis is connected with the following three items: the choice of a suitable material behavior model, the choice of an adequate structural analysis model, and the choice of a suitable numerical solution technique. All three items are interlinked. For example, the choice of the structural analysis model (beam, plate, shell, etc.) has a significant influence on the numerical effort. On the other hand, the accuracy of the calculations is influenced by the material behavior model taking into account more or less effects. Creep mechanics is a branch of solid mechanics with a history of more than 100 years. After a brief discussion of the historical development and the introduction of some important references two creep behavior models are presented. For the first one the material behavior is not influenced by the kind of stress state while in the second case significant differences in dependence on the kind of the stress state can be observed. A typical example of such behavior is the different behavior in tension and compression. This behavior can be observed, for example, for the tertiary creep characterized by the damage evolution under tensile conditions. If we establish compression conditions, the creep deformations are changing but the damage state is partly frozen (no nucleation of new voids, for instance). The last part is devoted to the structural models. For thin-walled structures all simplifications of the analysis equations are founded on the assumptions with respect to the thinness of the structure. In this case, for instance, one can introduce some hypotheses for the stresses, strains and/or displacements in the thickness direction, and with the help of these hypotheses governing equations, reduced with respect to the dimension, can be established (instead of a system of three-dimensional equations we have a system of two- or one-dimensional equations). On the correctness and accuracy of such an approach will be reported.


The physics of a washing machine spin cycle is extended to include the spin-up and spin-down phases. We show that, for realistic parameters, an adiabatic approximation applies, and thus the familiar forced, damped harmonic oscillator analysis can be applied to these phases.


Dehydrogenation of Me(2)NH·BH(3) (1) by group 4 metallocene alkyne complexes of the type Cp(2)M(L)(η(2)-Me(3)SiC(2)SiMe(3)) [Cp = η(5)-cyclopentadienyl; M = Ti, no L (2Ti); M = Zr, L = pyridine (2Zr)] and group 4 metal amido complexes of the type M(NMe(2))(4) [M = Ti (8Ti), Zr (8Zr)] is presented.


We theoretically investigate the electron-hole conversions in normal metal-superconductor junctions based on the Kekul\'e-Y (Kek-Y) patterned graphene. It is shown that, in contrast to the Klein tunneling in the pristine graphene, the perfect Andreev reflection with almost unit efficiency can be extended to a large range of incident angles in the Kek-Y patterned graphene in single-Dirac cone phase with the bias voltage in the gap. The normalized zero-bias conductance is also obtained.


(001) n-type Ge has been implanted at given fluence and intermediate temperature with hydrogen ions using two processes: conventional in-line implantation and plasma based ion implantation. The as-created microstructure has been compared using transmission electron microscopy. In particular, it has been shown that the major differences observed are due to the implantation temperature, much higher during the PBII process. This suggests that plasma based ion implantation could be used for layer transfer in spite of a higher surface roughness observed after the PBII process.


The power structure of a country determines its governance type.When a country is of the centralized pattern and its power is out of balance,it always gets to the social governance type based on the relational contracts.And when a country is of the decentralized pattern and the power is effectively balanced,it always gets to the social governance type based on the rule contracts.From the Chinese history of power structure change and social patterns change over thousands of years,it can be seen clearly that the power structure has a deep influence on the he country's social type.In view of this,if China is going to be a rule contracts country,it should change the existing power structure by relying on the decentralization and balances of power to suppress the abuse of relational contract,and promote the development of the rules contract.


Significance A comprehensive view of protein folding is crucial for understanding how misfolding can cause neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. When using physical or chemical perturbations, NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool to reveal a shift in the native conformation toward local intermediates that act as seeds for misfolding. Using NMR, we show that the ensemble of dry and wet molten-globule intermediates populated by high pressure is different from that found when urea is used. The dissimilar actions of urea and pressure can be summarized by their "pull" and "push" effects, respectively. By combining NMR and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we demonstrate the action of urea at the initial stages of unfolding and the dominance of a direct interaction mechanism for urea-induced protein denaturation. High pressure (HP) or urea is commonly used to disturb folding species. Pressure favors the reversible unfolding of proteins by causing changes in the volumetric properties of the protein–solvent system. However, no mechanistic model has fully elucidated the effects of urea on structure unfolding, even though protein–urea interactions are considered to be crucial. Here, we provide NMR spectroscopy and 3D reconstructions from X-ray scattering to develop the "push-and-pull" hypothesis, which helps to explain the initial mechanism of chemical unfolding in light of the physical events triggered by HP. In studying MpNep2 from Moniliophthora perniciosa, we tracked two cooperative units using HP-NMR as MpNep2 moved uphill in the energy landscape; this process contrasts with the overall structural unfolding that occurs upon reaching a threshold concentration of urea. At subdenaturing concentrations of urea, we were able to trap a state in which urea is preferentially bound to the protein (as determined by NMR intensities and chemical shifts); this state is still folded and not additionally exposed to solvent [fluorescence and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)]. This state has a higher susceptibility to pressure denaturation (lower p1/2 and larger ΔVu); thus, urea and HP share concomitant effects of urea binding and pulling and water-inducing pushing, respectively. These observations explain the differences between the molecular mechanisms that control the physical and chemical unfolding of proteins, thus opening up new possibilities for the study of protein folding and providing an interpretation of the nature of cooperativity in the folding and unfolding processes.


Antimicrobial activity of Usnea barbata especially against bacteria involved
 in pathogenesis of various skin conditions has been well documented in
 literature. Nevertheless, there are no papers dealing with formulation of its
 isolates into topical preparations for treatment of skin infections. In
 present study, alkyl polyglucoside (APG) - based vehicle was developed as
 carrier of U. barbata CO2-supercritical extract (U-SE) that demonstrated the
 best antimicrobial potential in preliminary screening. For comparison, chosen
 extract in the same concentration and using the same procedure was
 incorporated into a pharmacopoeial vehicle. Comparative evaluation of
 physicochemical stability, efficiency and safety proved APG-based vehicle to
 possess certain preferential features as carrier of U-SE compared to the
 reference one, composing a topical formulation with potential clinical
 relevance in treatment of skin infections. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke
 Republike Srbije, br. III45017 i br. TR34031]


Aiming for the forecasting and predictability of their future development, corporations have developed appropriate strategies as a result of the necessity to optimize the distribution networks of new IT products over time. The necessity of diversifying manufacturing was brought on by the fierce competition between businesses and the sophisticated consumer demand trends for personalized items. For businesses looking to create more effective distribution networks for their products, mass adaptability may be advantageous. Fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM), associations developed from web analytics data, and simulation results based on dynamic and agent-based simulation models work together to practically aid digital marketing experts, decision-makers and analysts in offering answers to their corresponding problems. In order to apply the measures in agent-based modeling, the current work is based on the gathering of web analysis data over a predetermined time period, as well as on identifying the influence correlations between measurements.


In order to improve the supervision management efficiency on railway safety, several railway safety supervision trajectories are computed and calculated by the multiple objectives PSO algorithm. Firstly, the objective functions, which are mainly composed of the whole distance and the sum square error on solving safety problem time, are introduced to deeply understand the safety supervision trajectory problem. Secondly, the decision variables in each particle are the sorted order according to the optimized parameters and some main steps on the multiple objectives PSO algorithm are also provided to handle with the corresponding problem. Thirdly, numerical results highlight that the multiple objectives PSO algorithm can provide four optimal trajectories for four safety supervisors and it is key to analyze the Pareto front and the Pareto solutions during the whole evolutionary process.


Bi-functional photorefractive polyphosphazene containing carbazole chromophores polymer was prepared via a post-azo-coupling reaction.The polymer was characterized by()~1H-NMR,()~(31)P-NMR, IR,UV-vis,GPC,DSC and TG.techniques.Results demonstrate that the azo group is linked onto the 3-position of the carbazole ring.The single signal in()~(31)P-NMR spectra show that the chloro groups on polydichlorophosphazene is completely substituted by the carbazolyl group and not disrupted during post-functional reaction.GPC show that the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 1.28×10~4.DSC measurements indicate that the polymer is amorphous with a glass transition temperature of 20 ℃.The polymer begins to decompose at around 300 ℃.


Lipid biomarker bears important information of precursor molecular structure,and is an important media for exploring the biological community in extreme environment,the origin of life and the interaction and co-evolution between life and environment.In this paper,we summarized the recent progresses of lipid biomarkers research for hydrothermal vents,and discussed the application of hydrocarbon,fatty acid and ether biomarkers.The deep-sea hydrothermal vent support a rich and unique life community,and the hydrothermal animals select chemosynthetic microbes as their food.Lipid biomarkers and individual isotopic reflected the presence and activity of thermophilic anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and methane-oxidizing archaea.High hydrogen concentrations allow the concurrent growth of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria.Under carbon-limited conditions,lipids of microbe can be very rich in 13C(-11.8‰~+3.6‰PDB).Lipid biomarkers has good implication for microbial community characteristics, hydrothermal conditions,methane-metabolized function group and origin and evolution of life,and we proposed that the application range and indicative mechanism of lipid biomarker should be enhanced during the future research.


We present DualCSG, a novel neural network composed of two dual and complementary branches for unsupervised learning of constructive solid geometry (CSG) representations of 3D CAD shapes. Our network is trained to reconstruct a given 3D CAD shape through a compact assembly of quadric surface primitives via fixed-order CSG operations along two branches. The key difference between our method and all previous neural CSG models is that DualCSG has a dedicated branch, the residual branch , to assemble the potentially complex, complement or residual shape that is to be subtracted from an overall cover shape. The cover shape is modeled by the other branch, the cover branch . Both branches construct a union of primitive intersections, where the only difference is that the residual branch also learns primitive inverses while operating in the complement space. With the shape complements, our network is provably general. We demonstrate both quantitatively and qualitatively that our network produces CSG reconstructions with superior quality, more natural trees, and better quality-compactness tradeoff than all existing alternatives, especially over complex and high-genus CAD shapes.


This paper describes a search for galaxy centers with clear indications of unusual stellar populations with an initial mass function flatter than Salpeter at high stellar masses. Out of a sample of 668 face-on galaxies with stellar masses in the range 1010−1011M⊙, I identify 15 galaxies with young to intermediate age central stellar populations with unusual stellar population gradients in the inner regions of the galaxy. In these galaxies, the 4000 Å break is either flat or rising towards the center of the galaxy, indicating that the central regions host evolved stars, but the Hα equivalent width also rises steeply in the central regions. The ionization parameter [OIII]/[OII] is typically low in these galactic centers, indicating that ionizing sources are stellar rather than AGN. Wolf Rayet features characteristic of hot young stars are often found in the spectra and these also get progressively stronger at smaller galactocentric radii. These outliers are compared to a control sample of galaxies of similar mass with young inner stellar populations, but where the gradients in Hα equivalent width and 4000 Å break follow each other more closely. The outliers exhibit central Wolf Rayet red bump excesses much more frequently, they have higher central stellar and ionized gas metallicities, and they are also more frequently detected at 20 cm radio wavelengths. I highlight one outlier where the ionized gas is clearly being strongly perturbed and blown out either by massive stars after they explode as supernovae, or by energy injection from matter falling onto a black hole.


This article presents an overview of reproductive justice as a theoretical and activist paradigm developed in response to reproductive oppression in the United States, and focuses on the reproductive justice needs of Native American women, as well as the responses developed by Native American women and their allies to these needs. I make explicit the links between reproductive justice, environmental justice and human rights for Native American communities, and articulate the ways in which reproductive healthcare for Native American women as it is provided by the Indian Health Service (IHS) acts as a fulcrum for these links. Ultimately, the failure of the IHS to meet the reproductive healthcare needs of Native American women reflects the failure of the federal government to meet its obligations to Tribal nations; further, these failures produce structures of reproductive oppression in Native communities which scholars and activists seek to redress utilizing the rubric of women's reproductive health.


This article considers the politics of social solidarity from a cross-national perspective. In the analysis, we rely on four waves of international social survey data for our sample of Western nations, representative of different welfare state traditions. The time span is a twenty-year period and the total country-wave sample comprises over 40,000 records. While there is popular support for governmental actions to protect citizens in old-age and sickness, views about the social rights of unemployed citizens are shifting. High-profile activating labour-market reforms are reapportioning the burden of risk in society. With the rise of right-wing populism in Europe and the US, this article examines how interests change as citizens lose their stake in the means of security – revealing an ever more fragile and fractured social solidarity.


Protection of academic integrity in online environments can be challenging. Understanding how the technology works and concerns about each of the methods for monitoring online interactions can assist in the selection of the best proctoring tools. Depending on the content, the type of assessment and the comfort level with the technology, a combination of academic integrity solutions may be necessary.


The attachment rates for thermal electrons to SF6 and CFCl3 have been determined with an accuracy of +or-3%. There is general agreement with previous authors for the results for SF6 and with the latest corrected value for CFCl3.


Objectives To explore a new method to estimate hospitalization expense standard. Materials and Methods Hospitalization expenses of 600 inpatients from Cangzhou City in 2004 are estimated,and standardization clinical paths of 10 diseases are developed,and hospitalization expense standard are proposed through grey correlation analysis. Results Hospitalization expense standard of 10 diseases are developed. Discussion and Conclusions The method of hospitalization expense standard estimation is simple and scientific,and present medical service price is slightly higher than hospitalization expense standard in Cangzhou city.


Climate change is one of the biggest challenges that the world currently faces. The generation of waste, carbon dioxide and large-scale consumption of natural resources by hotels, among others, are some of the significant contributors to climate change. Leaders and employees have a major role to play in the effectiveness of the sustainability initiatives of hotels. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism through which leadership can affect the green behavior of hotel employees. The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of green thinking (GTH) and green psychological climate (GPC) in the relationship between green transformational leadership (GTL) and employees' pro-environmental behavior (PEB). To achieve this, the study first investigates the effect of GTL on hotel employees' PEB. Second, it examines the mediating effects of GTH and GPC in the relationship between GTL and PEB. The study adopts a quantitative research approach, and a structured questionnaire is used to collect data from hotel employees in South African cities, who were selected via the convenience sampling method. The partial least squares structural equation modelling is used to test the hypotheses of the study. The findings reveal that GTL and PEB are significantly positively related. The mediating effects of GTH and GPC are significant. It is recommended that both management and employees should keep up to date with environmental information and implement policies and procedures to continually improve PEB.


Successive subspace learning, a novel green, unsupervised and interpretable machine learning paradigm is widely used in image and point cloud data classification, medical diagnosis, and forgery detection. The multi-stage Saab transform and Channel-wise Saab transform extract low-level to high-level data features for successive subspace learning, but the feature extraction process has some privacy security issues that hinder its further development. Li et al. [1] have proposed corresponding privacy-preserving schemes for the multi-stage Saab transform. However, the above methods would be in the multi-stage Channel-wise Saab transformation has the possibility of failure. Therefore, this paper proposes a noise truncation method based on the differential privacy approach to privacy-protect the Channel-wise Saab transform and designs a green neural network with privacy protection and interpretability using the protected multi-stage Channel-wise Saab transform, Layer-wise relevance propagation method and back propagation algorithm, named SFLW-CNN. Finally, extensive experiments show that the SFLW-CNN method proposed in this paper achieves trade-offs in utility, privacy, and interpretability.


In this paper, we analyzed the muffler acoustic performance by the finite element method and Virtual.lab. We changed the simple expansion chamber muffler size and expansion ratio related, expansion cavity length, and the number of expansion chambers effectively to improve the muffler. Through muffler design complexity and numerical simulation we analyzed the impact of external factors such as temperature, flow rate, etc. for muffler performance. Keywords-noise elimination; exhaust muffler; acoustic simulation


Insulin resistance, or compensatory hyperinsulinemia, is a metabolic disorder that is receiving increasing attention as a possible early marker for


Concurrency theory suggests the use of fairness as a criterion for a reasonable execution: a transition or a process should not wait an unbounded amount of time to execute if it is enabled continuously (under weak fairness) or infinitely often (under strong fairness). Unlike multiprocessing, in actual concurrent systems one may rely on the physical nature of the system to act in a "fair" manner. However, in many realistic concurrent systems, performing the next transition may involve several smaller steps that can include negotiation and communication, and fairness can be hard to achieve. It is useful to be able to control the global fairness guaranteed by enforcing local constraints on processes. We define local fairness conditions and study their relationship with common notions of global fairness constraints.


An 8 month old Arab boy was investigated for recurrent attacks of hypoglycemia occurring during intercurrent infections, which were associated with metabolic acidosis and on one occasion with transient abormal liver function tests. Parents are first cousins. A sibling suffered from similar manifestations and succumbed at 2 years. The patient tolerated an 18 hour fast without evidence of hypoglycemia nor did he become ketonemic. His serum carnitine was total 15 and free 12 nmol/l. Treatment included oral carnitine, a high CHO low fat and protein diet. After stopping carnitine, the patient went into coma with metabolic acidosis from which he recovered slowly with iv glucose and electrolytes. Gaschromatographic/mass spectrometry analysis of his urinary organic acids revealed abnormal peaks identified as glutaric acid, methylglutaric acid, 3-methylglutaconic acid and 3-OH-3-methylglutaric acid, fibroblast 3-OH-3-methyl glutaryl CoA lyase activity was 0.1 (normal 22.1 + 6.7)nmol/min/mg prot. This is the first patient with HMG CoA lyase deficiency described in Israel. The Authors are indebted to Dr.D. Abeliovitz for tissue cultures and Dr A.J.Wanders for determining fibroblast enzyme activity.


Television was first publicly demonstrated on April 7, 1927, and has become a fixture in almost every home in America. In its early days, people were enthralled by the new technology as well as its potential, and they regarded it as something magical (see Boswell and McConaghy). Backlash evolved over time, however, and as American society became more conservative, some Americans became disenchanted with television. The love affair officially ended in the 1950s when most of the public believed television was responsible for a surge in juvenile delinquency, considered one of society's greatest ills at the time. A November 1954 Gallup poll asking whether comic books and television programs contributed to juvenile delinquency, taken only months after the hearings on media and juvenile delinquency, showed seventy percent of the country placed some blame on both for teenage problems (Gallup).A series of three congressional hearings were held regarding the impact of television content on viewers, and ultimately "the government castigated the industry for its deplorable programming" (Hoerrner). In 1952, a self-imposed industry code was established that defined the boundaries of television content with the intent "to foster and promote the commonly accepted moral, social, and ethical ideals characteristic of American life" (NAB 2b).The backlash was inevitable in the 1950s when the role of television burgeoned in unexpected ways and intruded into private sectors: "The line between what happened in real life and what people saw on television began to merge; many Americans were now living far from their families in brand-new suburbs where they barely knew their neighbors. Sometimes they felt closer to the people they watched on television than they did to their neighbors and distant families" (Halberstam 195). This cultural transformation inspired numerous academics to evaluate the new technology. Among the most notable commentaries was Marshall McLuhan's in 1964, which argued controversially that the medium itself affects society and content has minimal significance.In 1984, Neil Postman claimed that the limitations of how television delivers information obviate the possibility for substance: "You cannot do political philosophy on television. Its form works against the content" (7). While Postman has no problem with entertainment for the sake of entertainment, the crux of his complaint goes beyond television's limitations and asserts that "the problem is not that television presents us with entertaining subject matter but that all subject matter is presented as entertaining" (86). The most extreme position belongs to Jerry Mander, who in his 1978 book Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television found nothing redeemable about the medium. He argued, "Television suppresses and replaces creative human imagery, encourages mass passivity, and trains people to accept authority. It is an instrument of transmutation, turning people into their TV images" (Mander 349).The criticism of television can be summed up as follows:1. Content is devoid of merit because time spent watching precludes constructive activity.2. Content has the potential to incite violence or promote dissent.3. The medium adversely affects society through promoting entertainment as the most important attribute of any endeavor thereby breeding inertia.It is interesting to note the paradoxical nature of these concerns. The fears are that television breeds passivity and antisocial behavior in reaction to either the content or the form. The brutal critiques of television emerge as a reaction to the disappointment that such a ubiquitous and revolutionary technology could fail to be socially revolutionary. Naturally, with any form of communication, there are deficiencies, but the persistent hope for television has been that it is possible to navigate around these limitations to exploit the form and produce programming that promotes actual progressive change rather than the spectacle. …


The present invention relates to a method for producing a flexible elastomeric composite polyurethane skin comprising a first (1) and a second (4) flexible polyurethane layer obtained by spraying a first and a second polyurethane reaction mixture onto one another. The first reaction mixture is an aliphatic polyurethane reaction mixture which is free of lead and formulated to produce a polyurethane elastomer having a flexural modulus smaller than 35 MPa. The second reaction mixture is an aromatic polyurethane reaction mixture producing a polyurethane elastomer having a smaller flexural modulus. The thickness of the aliphatic polyurethane layer could be made so small with respect to the thickness of the aromatic polyurethane layer that the composite skin has an average flexural modulus smaller than 30 MPa. Notwithstanding the lower reactivity of the aliphatic polyurethane reaction mixture, especially when using a higher NCO-index to reduce the ''rubbery feel'' and the emission of VOCs and/or a flexibiliser to achieve a higher flexibility, sufficiently short cycle times can be achieved due to the accelerated curing observed when spraying the aromatic polyurethane sufficiently early against the aliphatic polyurethane layer.


Abstract We reported earlier that TNF-&agr;, a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in many inflammatory disorders causing orofacial pain, increases the activity of Cdk5, a key kinase involved in brain development and function and recently found to be involved in pain signaling. To investigate a potential mechanism underlying inflammatory pain in trigeminal ganglia (TGs), we engineered a transgenic mouse model (TNFglo) that can conditionally overexpresses TNF-&agr; upon genomic recombination by Cre recombinase. TNFglo mice were bred with Nav1.8-Cre mouse line that expresses the Cre recombinase in sensory neurons to obtain TNF-&agr;:Nav1.8-Cre (TNF-&agr; cTg) mice. Although TNF-&agr; cTg mice appeared normal without any gross phenotype, they displayed a significant increase in TNF-&agr; levels after activation of NF&kgr;B signaling in the TG. IL-6 and MCP-1 levels were also increased along with intense immunostaining for Iba1 and GFAP in TG, indicating the presence of infiltrating macrophages and the activation of satellite glial cells. TNF-&agr; cTg mice displayed increased trigeminal Cdk5 activity, and this increase was associated with elevated levels of phospho-T407-TRPV1 and capsaicin-evocated Ca2+ influx in cultured trigeminal neurons. Remarkably, this effect was prevented by roscovitine, an inhibitor of Cdk5, which suggests that TNF-&agr; overexpression induced sensitization of the TRPV1 channel. Furthermore, TNF-&agr; cTg mice displayed more aversive behavior to noxious thermal stimulation (45°C) of the face in an operant pain assessment device as compared with control mice. In summary, TNF-&agr; overexpression in the sensory neurons of TNF-&agr; cTg mice results in inflammatory sensitization and increased Cdk5 activity; therefore, this mouse model would be valuable for investigating the mechanism of TNF-&agr; involved in orofacial pain.


According to socio-economic statistical data,the general surveys and analysis of land as well as cultivated land in the Zhangye city from 1949 to 2004 were conducted.The major driving forces that affected the trend of cultivated land change was pointed out.With the regression analysis,a multivariate regression model was set up and result showed that population,urbanization level and per-capita GDP were the most important driving forces affecting the trend of cultivated land change.The authors believed that a scientific basis for sustainable agricultural development of this region was provided.


Carmarthen and Fishguard, with trips up the valleys along the way. Nevertheless, those who are unfamiliar with the region will find the book a little hard to follow at times, and the absence of both a large colored map and a list of abbreviations is a handicap. Barrie was himself a distinguished railwayman, and perhaps because of this his text contains rather more of interest to business and economic historians than many books in the same series. Some care has been taken to place the factual record of lines promoted and built in the overall context of economic growth, the industrial structure, entrepreneurial ambition, and social change. The result is a useful introduction for those seeking a more informed understanding of the complex rail network that serviced an area of key importance to the British economy before World War I.


Paraphrasing is not an easy task as it involves the writer using many levels of knowledge. A writer needs to use both reading and writing skills to write. He/she needs to go through the stages of before, during and after writing processes in order to reach the final draft. Paraphrasing is not an easy task as it requires the writer to use both cognitive and metacognitive strategies. This study explores the aspects of cognitive and metacognitive strategies that is used by the writer to paraphrase. A survey is use to elicit responses from purposely random chose ESL writers who went through a semester of academic writing class. Findings revealed that writers consciously and unconsciously use components of cognitive and metacognitive strategies to paraphrase. The results of this study bear interesting implications in the teaching and learning of academic writing for ESL learners.


[Abstract]
A number of factors are contributing to the increased practical importance of printed circuit axial
flux brushless direct current (BLDC) machines. The main ones are the availability of low cost power electronic devices and digital controllers as well as cost effective high strength permanent magnets. Advancement of multi-layer printed circuit technology is also an important factor. Existing printed circuit board motors, found in applications such as computer disk drives and portable audio-visual equipment, are typically rated at a few watts per thousand revolutions per minute (krpm). The focus of this thesis project has been on printed circuit motors with ratings of a few tens of watts per krpm.

A significant part of this thesis project has been devoted to development of systematic design procedures for printed circuit stators. In particular those procedures include algorithms which allow performance comparisons of several stator coil shapes. A new coil shape, with improved
torque capability, has been developed. BLDC motors that operate in sensorless mode has advantages such as lower cost, better reliability and space saving. A new generalised version of the previously reported equal
inductance method has been developed which allows sensorless commutation of printed circuit BLDC motors down to zero speed and start-up with practically no back rotation.

Computer efficient numerical models have been developed to predict phase inductances and stator eddy-current loss. Sufficiently accurate phase inductance predictions make possible theoretical assessment of performance of motors under sensorless commutation control that is based on the equal inductance method. The proposed method of calculation of eddy current loss allows designers to determine the track width beyond which eddy current loss becomes excessive.

The mathematical model on which the enhanced equal inductance method is based and those that have been used for performance assessment, inductance prediction and eddy-current loss evaluation have all been validated by specially designed laboratory tests carried out on prototype motors.


This publication released on the occasion of the International Year for Sustainable Tourism for Development 2017, focuses on sustainable-tourism governance approaches that have helped to realize tourism's potential to contribute to economic growth and improved livelihoods in the Asia and the Pacific region by providing tangible examples demonstrating that growth and sustainability are not at odds. The case studies presented in the report cover 13 countries and 17 destinations in the region and highlight issues related to growth and sustainable-tourism governance, providing approaches from both the private and public sectors in one of the most promising and successful tourism regions in the world.


Since labor accidents due to falls from height can mean suffering and disability having simultaneous effect on both employee health and at the performances of the company, the need to pay high attention to the enterprise in terms of improving safety and health is essential. Given that nationally there is no systematic information on the impact of occupational accidents due to falls from height have on the sustainable development of enterprises, through the study conducted want to highlight the importance of economic indicators in making decisions about investment in health and safety at work. However, the article provide the advantages that arise at individual and organizational level when there are adopted measures of health and safety at work.


A language family is a group of languages which have descended from a common mother language. Since the ancestor is common, these languages are expected to be similar in some respect and manifest the similarity in scientific experiments. In language identification, language-specific features are extracted from speech and a model is created which represents the language. This work extends the language identification framework to capture features common to language families and create models which can efficiently represent the language families. Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) and speech signal-based frequency cepstral coefficient (SFCC) are used as primary feature extraction tools. A combination of these along with shifted delta coefficient (SDC) gives the final set of features. The work uses Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and support vector machines (SVM) as modelling tools. Different combinations of these feature extraction and modelling techniques are used to get four different systems: MFCC + SDC + GMM, SFCC + SDC + GMM, MFCC + SDC + SVM and SFCC + SDC + SVM. Experiments with these systems show that the language families can be identified with reasonable accuracy. Further, the work tests the influence of one language family on the other and finds that in most cases, the languages which are spoken in areas lying on the boundary of two families are more influenced by the other family. A deviation from it can relate to geopolitical isolation of two neighbouring regions and thus can give new insights or corroborate investigations of historians.


Considerable efforts have been made to optimise and standardise the thermal handling procedures for the use of LiF:Mg,Cu,P (GR-200A) detectors at the CIEMAT Environmental TLD Monitoring System. Two different TLD readers (planchet, hot gas) and more than 500 single detectors were employed and more than 10,000 individual readouts were performed for these tests. The detectors were annealed and irradiated to 80 μGy, which is the usual environmental monthly dose. This scheme was repeated for up to fifty readouts with each one of the studied readout cycles with both heating systems in order to analyse and compare the main characteristics of the material; sensitivity, stability, permanence of glow curve shape and residual dose. Some heating parameters are suggested but, considering the differences between heating techniques, heating adjustment studies in situ are strongly recommended.


Section 8(b)(4)(ii)(B) of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)1 makes it an unfair labor practice for a union to "threaten, coerce, or restrain any person" with the object of requiring that person to cease dealing with another.2 In NLRB v. Retail Store Employees Union Local 1001 (Safeco),3 the Supreme Court held that this section proscribes union picketing designed to influence consumers to boycott a struck product whenever such picketing "reasonably can be expected to threaten [the picketed retailer] with ruin or substantial loss."'4 Although the Court noted in passing that peaceful picketing is entitled to some first amendment protection, the Court found it "well-established" that Congress had constitutional power to prohibit "picketing that predictably encourages consumers to boycott a secondary business."5 Recent commentators have argued that the "ruin or substan-


Due to the rapid development of network environment and wireless communication technology, the distribution of digital video has made easily and the importance of the protection for digital video has been increased. This paper proposes the digital video encryption system based on multiple chaos maps for MPEG-2 video encoding process. The proposed method generates secret hash key of having 128-bit characteristics from hash chain using Tent map as a basic block and generates lattice cipher by applying this hash key to Logistic map and Henon map. The method can reduce the encryption overhead by doing selective XOR operations between lattice cipher and some coefficient of low frequency in DCT block and it provides simple and randomness characteristic because it uses the architecture of combining chaos maps. Experimental results show that PSNR of the proposed method is less than or equal to 12 dB with respect to encrypted video, the time change ratio, compression ratio of the proposed method are 2%, 0.4%, respectively so that it provides good performance in visual security and can be applied in real time.


The Guizhou Branch Of Air Traffic Control station as an example, introduced centralized monitoring platform of radar equipment implementation. The platform can be real-time surveillance radar equipment running status, improve the level of equipment maintenance, saves manpower and material resources.


A decentralized four-dimensional (4D) trajectory generation method for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which uses the improved intrinsic tau gravity (tau-G) guidance strategy, is presented in this paper. Based on general tau theory, the current tau-G strategy can only generate the 4D trajectory with zero initial and final velocities, which is not appropriate for decentralized applications. By adding an initial velocity to the intrinsic movement of tau-G strategy, the improved tau-G strategy can synchronously guide the position and velocity to the desired values at the arrival time. In our decentralized 4D trajectory generation method, the improved tau-G strategy is used to plan the 4D trajectories for UAVs. To deal with environmental uncertainty and communication limitations, the receding horizon optimization driven by both sampling time and conflict events is utilized to renew trajectory parameters continually. The simulation results of challenging time-constrained tasks demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently provide safer and lower-cost 4D trajectories.


Tens of thousands of Geo rgians live with lifelong disabilities caused by brain and spinal cord injury. As medical technology, safety and trauma care have improved more people survive traumatic injury, but many then face a lifetime of physical, behavioral and cognitive impairments requiring ongoing support services. On any given day in communities all across Georgia, survivors of brain and spinal cord injury and their caregivers gather together in support groups to share the struggles they face living with these lifelong impairments. Astoundingly, there are over 75,800 newly injured Georgians each year, and close to 50 percent of those injuries are caused by motor vehicle crashes. Many times those crashes are not caused by error of their own, but by other


Addition of external additives as compatibilizers is known to improve exfoliation of nanoclay in various polymeric matrices. This study found that oxazoline functionalized polystyrene (OPS) is an effective compatibilizer to improve the dispersion of organoclay (Cloisite 20A) in polyphenylene ether (PPE)-based blends. The main objective of this study was to understand the mechanism of OPS as a compatibilizer for dispersion of nanoclay in PPE-based blends and evaluate whether the master-batch of organoclay in OPS can be used to disperse nanoclay in various PPE-based blends irrespective of the type of the other polymer component in the blend. Although the addition of OPS to polystyrene (PS) alone resulted in mere intercalation of organoclay, its addition to PPE-based blends was found to result in mixed clay dispersion of intercalated, exfoliated, and to some extent collapsed phases. Addition of OPS-organoclay combination in master-batch mode showed similar results as direct mode addition. At least 15% of OPS was required for effective dispersion of Cloisite 20A in PPE-high impact polystyrene blend. The possible role of solubility of OPS in the matrix and high melt shear of PPE-based matrix was investigated to understand the exclusive action of OPS in PPE-based blends. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used to study the organoclay dispersion. Further master batches of organoclay in neat OPS and OPS containing PPE-based blends were evaluated in other PPE-based commercial blends. Of the various blends studied, blend containing phosphite additive showed better dispersion of organoclay. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010


High xylan content of dissolving pulp could have some undesirable detrimental effects in the conversion process to viscose rayon. Crude xylanase preparations of Aureobasidium pullulans and Thermomyces lanuginosus were tested for their abilities to remove hemicellulose and lignin from sulfite pulps in conjunction with hydrogen peroxide in one‐stage or multistage bleaching to dissolving pulp. Three different types of sulfite pulps (unbleached, low viscosity, and oxygen‐delignified) were used to evaluate the xylanase pretreatment. A. pullulans xylanase showed a greater affinity for sulfite pulps than T. lanuginosus xylanase as indicated by the release of reducing sugars from the pulps and biobleaching experiments. In the one‐stage bleaching with hydrogen peroxide, pretreatment of unbleached and low viscosity pulps with A. pullulans xylanase contributed to an additional increase in brightness by 4.0 and 3.2 points and a 4 and 3% reduction in κ number, respectively. Biobleaching of unbleached sulfite pulp with A. pullulans enzyme preparation produced dissolving pulp with superior quality over the control of OD1EoD2P‐bleached pulp. The hemicellulose content (expressed as alkali solubility S18) of the xylanase‐prebleached dissolving pulp was reduced by 6–8%, whereas brightness was increased by 2.2 points. Although T. lanuginosus xylanase produced some biobleaching effect in the one‐stage hydrogen peroxide treatments, there was no obvious improvement in brightness after a full five‐stage bleaching to dissolving pulp. Therefore the evaluation of different xylanases in biobleaching would require their testing also in complete multistage bleaching experiments, especially where very high brightness levels are desired as in the case of dissolving pulp.


We study the axial heat and mass transfer in a highly diffusive tubular chemical reactor in which a simple reaction is occurring. The steady state solutions of the governing equations are studied using matched asymptotic expansions, the theory of dynamical systems, and by calculating the solutions numerically. In particular, the effect of varying the Peclet and Damkohler numbers (P and D) is investigated. A simple expression for the approximate location of the transition layer for large Peclet number is derived and its accuracy tested against the numerical solution. The stability of the steady states is examined by calculating the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the linearized equations. It is shown that a Hopf bifurcation of the CSTR model (i.e., the limit as the P approaches zero) can be continued up to order 1 in the Peclet number. Furthermore, it is shown numerically that for appropriate values of the Peclet number, the Damkohler number, and B (the heat of reaction) these Hopf bifurcations merge with the limit points of an "S–shaped" bifurcation curve in a higher order singularity controlled by the Bogdanov–Takens normal form. Consequently, there must exist a finite amplitude, nonuniform, stable periodic solution for parameter values near this singularity. The existence of higher order degeneracies is also explored. In particular, it is shown for D ≪ 1 that no value of P exists where two pairs of complex conjugate eigenvalues of the steady state solutions can cross the imaginary axis simultaneously.


The present invention relates to a preparation method of optical shade of layer zero semiconductor integrated circuit. The X and Y directional aligment marks and vernier pattern are placed on the edge of effective exposure zone, and a very small area is used only. Said method can be used for alignment for removing shade of layer zero of general integrated circuit product, and can be used for recording the coordinate position of alignment mark. The geometric central point of the optical shade is used as initial point, and when making layout pattern of general product, firstly, the alignment marks and auxiliary vernier pattern are placed on the cutting line of electric circuit field zone edge, and then the electric circuit field zone can be moved leftward and rightward so as to make the alignment mark of product and previous optical shade mark identical in coordinate position.


Acute Myeloid Leukaemia is a heterogeneous clonal disorder of the bone marrow, which has characteristic acquired chromosomal abnormalities. Cytogenetic rearrangements of chromosome 16 have a well-established association with AML subtype M4Eo although they have also been described in other AML FAB types. Patients with rearrangements involving CBFb (16p13) and MYH11 (16q22) are associated with a more favourable prognosis. We describe two cases of AML where both homologues of chromosome 16 are involved in separate rearrangements; this to our knowledge has not been reported previously. Further more both patients have had previous treatment and thus the abnormality of the second homologue of chromosome 16 is thought to be treatment related, in-spite of which they have responded well and are both currently in remission. In case 1 (male, AML M5a) it is chromosome16 at band q22 that is involved, inv(16)(p13q22) and t(16;17)(q22;q11), while in case 2 (female, t-AML) chromosome 16 band q24 appears rearranged in der(16)t(8;16)(q1?3;q24) and t(16;21)(q24;q22). Extensive molecular cytogenetic investigations including mapping are presented and candidate gene aberrations discussed.


Loop closure detection (LCD) is an important part in SLAM for the autonomous mobile robot. A recent trend is to employ off-the-shelf networks' features to address LCD problem, which outperform traditional hand-crafted features. However, what kind of network is more suitable in LCD and how to use their CNN features have not been wellstudied. In this paper, we compare many popular networks and introduce DenseNet in this field. The features extracted by DenseNet, which preserve both semantic information and structure details, outweigh other popular CNN features signicantly. Then a DenseNet featurebased framework (Dense-Loop) is proposed to address the LCD problem. We use the Weighted Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptor (WVLAD) method to encode the local descriptors as the final global descriptor, which could resist geometry structure and viewpoint changes. Furthermore, 4 max-pooling by channel and locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) are adopted to ensure the real-time search. Extensive experiments are conducted on public datasets using Precision-Recall Curve evaluation method. The results demonstrate Dense-Loop could achieve state-of-the-art performance.