In this globalized era of strict competition, all actors in countries must focus on their strengths for continuous growth, which would presumably lead to sustainable economic development. Amongst the three components of sustainable development, this paper focuses on the economic and social aspects. Many countries are becoming service-oriented for economic growth. Education is a form of human capital investment which significantly contributes to countries' national income via students, particularly international cross-border students in higher education institutions. While endogenous growth models dismiss the importance of governments in the growth process, in this paper, the Keynesian and new growth theories are combined to form an evolutionary growth theory. This research aims to analyze the short and long-term relationships between macroeconomic variables, international students, and their impact on the gross domestic product (GDP) of a small island with the intention of policy implications for stakeholders to reach or maintain sustainable economic development. Using an evolutionary growth theory with 34 years of time-series data on quarterly base, the vector autocorrection (VAR) model helps reveal the short and long-run relationships as well as impacts on the economy for sustainable economic growth. The results confirmed a long-run relationship via cointegration. Moreover, they approved bidirectional causality between student numbers, general secondary school enrolment, and GDP. Findings suggest significant implications for all stakeholders, particularly for higher education institutions, the government, and local citizens due to the importance of micro and macro-economic variables' effect on GDP. The results prove that educated human capital contributes to economic growth. Governments should continue their existing strategy regarding secondary school enrolment rates as it is found to be the most effective variable in the long-run. As education, knowledge, and information transfer rises, it contributes to sustainable development through promoting social stability. Limitation of the unavailability of the total yearly population, GDP was opted instead of GDP per capita.


Although women at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can be identified for selective screening, in practice, most U.S. women are subject to universal screening for the condition, and treatment is begun once a diagnosis is made. Such practice patterns raise healthcare costs and carry theoretical risks for maternal and neonatal harms with unclear benefits. The …


Abstract For each β > 1 we construct a family Fβ of metric measure spaces which is closed under the operation of taking weak-tangents (i.e. blow-ups), and such that each element of Fβ admits a (1, P)-Poincaré inequality if and only if P > β.


The work is devoted to improving the control algorithm of the load balancing device for 0.4 kV electrical mains that are in pilot operation. The action of the device is aimed at balancing the load at the nodal point of the electrical network, where several 3-phase outgoing lines are connected, by changing the connection diagram of the phases of one of them. The device is capable of realizing 6 combinations obtained by circular permutation and changing the phase rotation. The classification of analogs of the device according to the type of connection to the network is proposed. The technique of collection and processing of experimental data on the operation of the device is presented. Analysis of primary data shows that among the consumers there are powerful energy receivers with automatic two-position control. As a criterion for the expediency of one or another method of connecting the phases of the outgoing line to the phases of the source, the coefficient of non-uniformity of conductivities is taken. Strict observance of the condition of the minimum coefficient of unevenness is impossible in practice with the existing nature of the load due to the need for too frequent operation of the device. This and other limitations given in the work are the reason for the systematization of requirements for the device control algorithm, one of which is the need to filter the initial data before executing the main algorithm. The paper provides a rationale for the use of a digital IIR low-pass filter. Based on the frequency analysis of the curves of the conductivity unevenness coefficients, the filter design was carried out and the digital transfer function coefficients were calculated. A difference equation is determined that is suitable for implementation in the program for the control microcontroller of the device. The developed filter is universal and suitable for use in the control algorithm of a load balancing device of any power and for any type of load. The results of modeling the proposed filter are presented using the example of experimental data. The prospect of the research is the collection of statistics on various types of consumers, analysis of practical situations, in order to further refine the algorithm.


Ascidians belong to tunicates, the sister group of vertebrates. Ascidians are cosmopolitan marine filter-feeding organisms that, along with other members of the chordate subphylum, maintain remarkable regenerative abilities throughout their life. Ascidians' high stem-cell-mediated regenerative capacity, which allows colonial species to continuously generate new individuals, has fascinated researchers and scientists. In this chapter, we emphasize what is currently known about the biology and level of involvement of stem cells in ascidian development and regeneration for both solitary and colonial species. The chapter focuses on the methods used to identify stem cells and stem cell niches and discusses hypotheses regarding their role in biological phenomena such as budding, torpor, regeneration, aging, and chimerism. Future areas of study on stem cells using regenerative ascidians are discussed.


The main objective of this article is to discuss the local existence of the solution to an initial value problem involving a non-linear differential equation in the sense of Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of order $\sigma\in(1,2),$ when the nonlinear term has a discontinuity at zero. Hereafter, by using some tools of Lebesgue spaces such as Holder inequality, we obtain Nagumo-type, Krasnoselskii-Krein-type and Osgood-type uniqueness theorems for the problem.


Objective To investigate the effects of 3 kinds of NSAIDs,aspirin,indomethacin and NS 398 on human gastric cell line MKN 45,and to explore the possible mechanism of NSAIDs for gastric cacinoma prevention.Methods The morphologic changes of MKN 45 cells was examined by microscope and electron microscope .The expression of COX 1,2,hMLH1,hMSH2 was studied with immunocytochemical method.Results Different NSAIDs had different effects on cell morphology. The vesicules on the surface of MKN 45 cells lost after treatment of NSAIDs. Normal MKN 45 cells exhibited COX 2, hMLH1 and hMSH2 expression,while COX 1 not.After the treatment of 30μmol/L NS 398, COX 2 expression was absent.Conclusion NSAIDs inhibited the growth of MKN 45 ,and had cytotoxic effect on MKN 45; COX 2 selective inhibitor NS 398 could inhibit the expression of COX 2 in a certain concentration,and had effect on gastric carcinoma therapy. Key words:non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs; MKN 45 cell;cyclooxygenase;mismatch repair enzyme


How much do traits of aquatic macrophytes affect rates of ecosystem metabolism in a shallow riparian pond? The factors that drive patterns of primary production and ecosystem respiration (ER) in wetlands remain poorly understood even though metabolism is one of the few ways that we can measure the response of an entire ecosystem to human intervention. We measured the metabolic rates of macrophyte patches in the spring, summer, and autumn by placing oxygen sondes in clear mesocosms embedded in the mud of a small, shallow pond (0.3–0.6 m deep) in central Utah, USA. We hypothesized that all patches (Chara, metaphyton, and Potamogeton foliosus) would be autotrophic (gross primary production [GPP] would exceed ER) in spring, whereas all patches (Chara, metaphyton, and Lemna) would be heterotrophic (ER > GPP) in summer. We also hypothesized that shading by the floating macrophyte, Lemna, would reduce the GPP of all submersed macrophytes, thereby producing heterotrophic conditions throughout the pond in autumn. As predicted, all macrophyte patches were autotrophic in spring, but the GPP of Chara and metaphyton was 1.5 and 1.4× greater than the GPP of P. foliosus, respectively. In summer, Chara and metaphyton maintained high rates of GPP, but net aquatic production (NAP = GPP – ER) was heterotrophic in all patches (Chara, metaphyton, and Lemna), and all patches produced long periods of nighttime hypoxia (between 9.5–15 h). Hypoxia in summer was likely caused by warm temperatures often exceeding 35°C. In autumn under a mat of Lemna, GPP and ER were small, and hypoxia declined as temperatures declined. ER in this pond was driven by macrophyte respiration and the decomposition of macrophytes, not by the decomposition of allochthonous carbon as in most freshwater ecosystems. Light saturation of photosynthesis was common in summer when Chara produced the highest rates of GPP. Overall, rates of GPP were closely balanced by rates of ER such that NAP fluctuated between slight heterotrophy and slight autotrophy in all macrophyte patches in spring and summer before the pond was covered with Lemna. Traits of aquatic macrophytes (e.g., presence of vascular tissue, growth form) produced patchiness in rates of metabolism within a season, whereas hydrology and interactions among macrophytes (shading and allelopathic compounds) drove seasonal changes in metabolism.


: From the perspective of the new public management theory, this paper studies the innovation of human resource management in public administration departments in combination with the innovation of the current social governance system. It mainly starts from the difference between human resource management in public administration departments and enterprise human resource management, combines organizational behavior and human characteristics, uses DISC, MBTI, OKR and other tools, and relies on the analysis of organizational effectiveness and human capital. This paper researches the establishment of human resource agile future organization of public management department, that is, people-oriented organization. These organizations are competitive organizational structures. It is hoped that this research will activate the power of every talent and encourage relevant departments to focus on how to create public management departments and flexible future human resources talent training mechanisms.


The axial symmetry hypothesis for all nuclei is not confirmed by experimental data. Various phenomena related to small excitation state of even- even nuclei can be explained by assuming that the nuclear shape can be approximated by a triaxial ellipsoid. Rotational states of even-even nonaxial nuclei are studied and compared with experimental data. Data on the probability of electromagnetic transitions between rotational states of non-axial nuclei and on the probability of beta decays into variable rotational states are discussed. Results of published theoretical data postulating that equilibrated nuclear shape may not possess axial symmetry are reviewed. (R.V.J.)


Taylor dispersion and differential refractometry are used to measure ternary interdiffusion coefficients (D{sub ik}) for aqueous solutions of acetic acid + triethanolamine (TEA) and aqueous solutions of oxalic acid + TEA at 25 C. The D{sub ik} coefficients give the coupled fluxes of acid and TEA driven by the gradient in the concentration of each solute. Ternary Fick equations with variable D{sub ik} coefficients are integrated numerically to calculate accurate concentration profiles and the moving reaction front produced by the interdiffusion of TEA and acetic or oxalic acid. Ternary diffusion coefficients are also used to predict the rate of dissolution of oxalic acid in 1.00 mol/dm{sup 3} aqueous TEA, a process analogous to the absorption of a diprotic acid gas by an alkanolamine absorbent. The diffusion of oxalic acid drives a significant counterflow of TEA. The resulting buildup of TEA at the surface of the dissolving acid increases the interfacial concentration of TEA from 1.00 to 1.20 mol/dm{sup 3}, which in turn increases the solubility of the acid by 0.20 mol/dm{sup 3}. Nernst-Planck equations are used to predict D{sub ik} coefficients for aqueous weak acid + alkanolamine solutions. The fluxes of these solutes are shown to be strongly coupled bymore » the electric field that is generated by the diffusing ions.« less


Free Electron Laser at Tokyo University of Science (FEL-SUT) was employed for exciting single vibrational modes of ammonia molecules. FEL is tuned to 10.5 μm, corresponding to the X A1' 2 2 ← 0 transition of NH3. The population of the vibrationally excited states is probed by the (2 + 1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) technique via the B E" Rydberg state. Excitation efficiency of the 2 2 ← 0 transition was about 30 %. Rotational analyses of the spectra revealed that vibrational ladder climbing up to X 2 in NH3 was realized for the first time. IR-FEL excitation spectra were also recorded.


In this paper the basic methodologies implemented in the new Austrian Risk Model for motorway tunnels are presented. The fundamental structure is based on the variation of the most important influencing factors using distribution density functions of recorded data allowing highly accurate risk assessment of road tunnels. The statistical methodologies presented in this paper are aimed to increase the depth of the analysis without overly increasing the computational demands in order to assess all kinds of special characteristics of a tunnel. 1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES 1.1 Motivation and objectives of the study Since the implementation of the EC-Directive 2004/54/EC (1) and its corresponding Austrian federal law on tunnel safety (2), big efforts have been made in the refurbishment of existing road tunnels in the Austrian motorway network in order to fulfil the required safety standards. However, due to the fact of structural limitations in the refurbishment of existing tunnels, deviations in single paragraphs cannot be avoided. In this case these deviations can be accepted if the additional risk is compensated by additional safety measures. The equality of compensating safety measures needs to be proven by the means of quantitative risk analysis. As the complexity of tasks increased the existing risk assessment methodology TuRisMo (3) showed to be insufficient. This was the starting point for the development of a high accuracy integrated risk assessment tool as an update the existing methodology which is published in the new guideline RVS 09.03.11 (4) and a background report (5) that documents the applied methodologies. The objectives for the new risk model were:  The possibility to cover a large number of cases in order to allow for a variation of important influencing factors such as traffic volume, traffic asymmetry (in case of bidirectional tunnels) and accident location  The coverage of consecutive events – i.e. rear-end collisions at the end of the queue behind a traffic disruption, which may contribute considerably to fire risk in long unidirectional tunnels  The implementation of a multi-scale (one dimensional combined with three dimensional) flow model. The longitudinal flow conditions (initial velocity and unsteady flow development after the traffic disruption and fire start) are simulated in a realistic way in a one dimensional CFD model. This gives the boundary conditions for the three dimensional simulations  A statistically correct representation of the assessed ventilation system and all its components (jet fans, exhaust dampers, sensors, etc.) as well as the ventilation program and ventilation strategies for different sectors  The use of an accumulative intoxication model for assessment of self-rescue limits  The possibility to assess additional safety measures which work in the reduction of people in the endangered zone. These can be improved incident detection systems to reduce the time until tunnel closure as well as means to make the closure be respected faster (i.e. barriers in addition to red lights which usually are not respected immediately)  Comparability with a reference tunnel which fulfils all requirements according to (2) – e.g. a long tunnel should be simulated with an average distance between emergency exits of . This means in reference tunnels the statistical density of emergency exits shall be used while in real tunnels the accurate position of emergency exits is used (i.e. the long tunnel would have emergency exits which cannot be built in reality) The model should allow assessing different types of safety relevant deviations from the design guideline and different ventilation systems. These can be point extraction, transversal ventilation and longitudinal ventilation by jet fans or momentum injection. Different geometric parameters such as cross section and longitudinal gradient should be included in the analysis as well. Furthermore the large number of cases to be assessed required a fully integrated approach with possibility of quality control on all levels of the simulation process. 2 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INTEGRATED RISK MODEL Based on the objectives for the new risk model the requirements for the basic structure of the Integrated Risk Model were defined and the submodels for the correct implementation of the influencing factors in each step were selected. Each of the submodels represents one specific aspect of the risk analysis. In order to perform a comparable and accurate analysis the risk model is based on the following sub models:  Grid Setup Grid Setup represents the selection of the assessed scenarios in the overall workflow. For each variation parameter a pre-defined number of cases are selected based on the underlying distribution density of the parameter. For the traffic density this distribution density is the distribution of hourly traffic over a sufficiently long observation period.  One dimensional CFD simulation These simulations determine the initial velocity (longitudinal velocity at the time of the initial traffic interruption) and the unsteady development of the longitudinal velocity after the interruption. This gives the boundary conditions for the following three dimensional CFD simulations.  Three dimensional CFD simulation Based on the velocity development determined in the one dimensional CFD simulations the smoke propagation in the three dimensional environment are simulated covering aspects as backlayering and smoke stratification according to the local geometry (cross section and inclination). This gives concentrations of flue gases which are the input parameter for the following evacuation simulations.  Evacuation simulation In the evacuation simulation the distance a certain person can cover under the circumstances (gas concentrations) determined in the three dimensional CFD simulation are computed. This needs to be performed for a certain number of agent types with different walking speed and incapacitation limits.  Mapping process In the mapping process the maximum evacuation distances determined in the evacuation simulation are projected onto the tunnel and the given locations of emergency exits. This gives the mortality rate for each meter of the tunnel. Multiplication of this mortality rate with the exposure (i.e. statistically expected density of people in the tunnel) results in the number of fatalities for the assessed scenario.  Data collection In the data collection step the fatalities computed for each of the different scenarios are multiplied with the basic probability of the scenarios and summed up. The resulting number represents the statistically expected number of fatalities. In the following chapter the requirements for each of the sub models of the Integrated Risk Model are defined:


Purpose
In Flanders, the subventions in the cultural sector are mainly divided and decided upon within the framework of the Arts Decree. Within this policy framework, art organizations may choose in their funding applications for "participation" as one of the five possible functions to describe their artistic and cultural practices. However, questions need to be raised about the different interpretations of the notion of participation within this policy framework. The growing trend of evidence-based policy-making implies that participation risks to become a "target" that needs to be achieved instrumentally, which paradoxically ignores the fact that participatory practices within culture and the arts are very often diverse, multi-layered and context-specific practices. Starting from this paradox, the purpose of this paper is to explore how the current policy framework is translated into different "participatory" art practices by art organizations and specifically how cultural practitioners themselves conceptualize it.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors discuss the results of a qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews with cultural practitioners about how they grapple with the notion of participation within their organizations and practices.

Findings
The results clearly show that practitioners use micro-politics of resistance to deal with different, and often conflicting, conceptualizations of participation in relation to this cultural policy framework.

Research limitations/implications
The implications of the findings are vital for the discussion about cultural policy. These micro-politics of resistance do not only have an impact on the development of individual participatory art practices but also on the broader participatory arts landscape and on how the function of participation is perceived within the renewed policy framework.

Originality/value
The original contribution of this paper is to explore the perspective of practitioners in cultural organizations about the function of participation in the Arts Decree in Flanders and specifically how the notion of participation is operationalized in their practices in relation to this cultural policy framework.


Abstract Let us have a group of points in 2D given by their coordinates in a system I. The points are located among other points with coordinates given in system II. The coordinates in the system I are much more accurate than the coordinates in the system II. The problem is to find the coordinates in the system II of the points of the given group however in such a way that the Euclidean distance between any two points are of the same accuracy as in the system I.


A new polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) nanocomposite membrane was fabricated for removal of copper ions from water. The PPSU membrane was blended with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and inorganic nanoparticles (SiO2) using a phase inversion technique with N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as the solvent. This study aimed at demonstrating the superior performance of the synthesised membrane in the removal of copper from water with respect to neat PPSU membranes. Furthermore, the hydrophilicity of PPSU through the measurement of the water contact angle was investigated. The morphology, the distribution of the silica nanoparticles and the presence of chemical functional groups in the prepared membranes have been investigated via field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The FE-SEM and ATR-FTIR analysis revealed the existence of Si-O-Si, Si-OH and NH bonds as well as a cross-linked structure between polymeric chains and inorganic networks. The experimental results showed that the maximum value of copper rejection from aqueous solutions was 92.5% for PPSU/PEI+SiO2 membrane. Moreover, the contact angle of the neat membrane reduced from 84.7degrees +- 1.2 to 45.7degrees +- 0.9 compared to that of the blended one, which implies the enhancement of the membrane hydrophilicity.


ABSTRACT In this review, the evolution of hydrogen in a combined cell system of photoelectrocatalytic and microbial fuel is discussed. Hydrogen is used as chemical fuel and being produced through photoelectrocatalytic method. The semiconductor material was put into the water and irradiated with solar light. After that, the hydrogen is produced by different steps and accumulated. Production of hydrogen also takes place in a microbial fuel cell system. These are electrochemical devices that are initially used to treat the wastewater. But now, this cell has entered into a very interesting field of research which is Bioelectrochemical system (BES). BES produces hydrogen by using biomass as a catalyst and small consumption voltage rather than simple electrolysis of water. The first section explains how hydrogen can be produced individually by these two methods. Then, a comprehensive review is presented on the evolution of hydrogen by combining microbial fuel and photoelectrocatalytic cell system. The continuous production of hydrogen by using (PEC-MFC) hybrid device, sunlight and splitting of water and electro-hydro genesis of microbial cell in fusion device (PEC-MFC) are also reported. This method gives continuous production of hydrogen using wastewater under solar light and also gives the treatment of wastewater. It is a clean energy source and also fulfils today's demand for energy. At last, a review on the production of hydrogen by the microbial photoelectrochemical system is constructed by photocathode of semiconductor material and an anode of microbial. Production of hydrogen was continuously achieved without external voltage under ultraviolet irradiation.


Fluvial sandstones and conglomerates of the Sergi Formation (Jurassic) are the main reservoirs of the Reconcavo basin in northeastern Brazil. These reservoirs contain significant amounts of interstitial detrital clays resulting from early diagenetic mechanical infiltration. The infiltration developed under arid/semiarid conditions, where the lowered water table allowed muddy waters of episodic runoff to infiltrate through the coarse alluvium. The main clay concentrations occurred in the upper phreatic zone and in proximity to sources of influent seepage. It is difficult to identify infiltrated clays in ancient sedimentary rocks due to a lack of well-established petrographic criteria. In this work, a series of petrographic criteria is proposed to recognize these clays in clastic reservoirs. These criteria include the anisophachous coatings of tangentially accreted lamellae and the geometric patterns developed due to shrinkage. The infiltrated clays are among the main controls of reservoir properties, and the horizons of maximum clay concentration are the main internal barriers in most Sergi reservoirs. In general, infiltrated clays damage reservoir quality by creating macroheterogeneities and microheterogeneities, by decreasing recovery efficiency and permeability, and by increasing water saturation. Also, they can cause formation damage either by their swelling properties or through the migration of loose particles left bymore » shrinkage. As demonstrated in the Sergi Formation, infiltrated clays must be adequately identified for the definition of proper procedures for drilling, completion, reservoir development, and EOR programs.« less


To prevent direct contact of the melt and basemat concrete of the cavity in a postulated core melt accident, a core catcher concept is suggested. Upon ablation of the sacrificial layer on top of the core catcher while molten core material is discharged, a mixture of water and gas is injected from below. It is expected that a simultaneous injection of water and gas could prevent a possible steam explosion/spike and also suppress the rapid release of steam which might result in fast over-pressurization of the containment. A test facility for the core catcher using a thermite reaction technique for the generation of the melt was designed and constructed at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). The first series of tests were performed by using a mixture of Al, Fe2O3, and CaO as a stimulant. As a first try, only water was injected from the bottom of the melt through five water injection nozzles when the melt front reached the water injection nozzles. A description of the test facility for the core catcher, the thermite composition, and the methods of experiment is included. The test results are discussed.


The vibration tests were carried out using a 162kW wheeled tractor to evaluate the Whole-body vibration while the tractor working in the field, driving on concrete road and in-parking state. The tractor ride comfort was analyzed using the joint weighted acceleration of seat surface vibration from 1 to 80 Hz as the evaluation indicator, according to ISO2631 standard suggestions. During field work, the combined acceleration of the driver's whole body vibration is 1.39, and the subjective feeling is extremely uncomfortable. Based on the multi-body dynamics analysis software, a tractor dynamics simulation model including the seat, cab mounts, chassis, tyre and road coupling system was established. By changing the model parameters, the influence of the tractor driver's whole body vibration under the condition of the artificial test track was further analyzed. The analysis shows that the factors that have a greater impact on the driver's whole body vibration when driving on the artificial runway are the vertical stiffness of the tyre, the vertical stiffness of the seat suspension, and the damping coefficient of the tyre.


The essays presented in this volume reflect the present state of research into the latest stages of the literary development of the Hebrew Bible and the earliest period of its textual history. They reassess the relationship between the Septuagint and the Hebrew text of the Bible, and shed new light on the literary history and transmission of biblical books between 300 B.C.E. and 100 C.E., a crucial period for the history of the biblical canon. The distinguished list of contributors includes Dieter Bohler (Germany), Pierre-Maurice Bogaert (Belgium), Johan Lust (Belgium), Natalio Fernandez Marcos (Spain), Olivier Munnich (France), Adrian Schenker (Switzerland), and Emanuel Tov (Israel). Paperback edition is available from the Society of Biblical Literature (www.sbl-site.org).


This paper deals with the application of various evolutionary optimization techniques for optimizing the gain of integral controller in a SMES and SSSC based load following hydrothermal system under deregulated scenario. The various techniques which have been used are Simulated Annealing (SA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). A two area load following based hydrothermal system under deregulated scenario is considered to exemplify the optimum parameter search. The integral of square of error performance index is considered in the search of optimal Automatic Generation Control (AGC) parameters. The results presented in this paper demonstrate the superior working of various techniques over one another in the tuning of AGC parameters.


The problem Is how young people of high school age orient themselves to the future i n the light of the theoretical presupposition that such an orientation i s a crucial one to the development of identity during adolescence. Fourteen students i n a Vancouver high school are Interviewed i n considerable depth to ascertain primarily how they are so oriented and, more generally, other aspects of their overall outlook. A comparison i s made between these findings and those of several earlier studies of approximately ten years ago. While the reasons why the two sets of data may not be exactly comparable are stated, certain conclusions from the data&out social change during this period are put forward. The claim is made that & new ideology has developed i n this time that did not exist at a l l among young people previously, and an attempt Is made to explicate this Ideology as much as possible — drawing on the data of the tape-recorded interviews. A model of cultural change whereby new ideologies are adopted i n society i s suggested, and the prediction i s put forward that the new ideology w i l l spread more among high school students i n the near future with s i g n i f i cant consequences for the wider society. Finally the effect of a l l this on the process of adolescent development i n society i s discussed. It i s suggested that this process i s crucially linked to social conditions and that at the present time, and because of the above, i n contrast to a decade ago i t i s now much more possible to undergo the f u l l process of adolescence.


The APRL of The University of Michigan was recently contracted to develop geometric models of a large open-air auditorium on the Detroit River to facilitate computer aided visual and acoustical analysis. This paper is a summary of the approaches taken to construct solid and surface models of the auditorium, and to develop general software for acoustical simulation. The project was a cooperative effort between: faculty and students of the APRL; Kent L. Hubbell Architects, a local architecture office; Robert Darvas Associates, a local structural engineering firm; and OC Birdair.


Indian coastline is vulnerable to sea-level rise and the tidal ingress, and pushing up of saline water on to inland results in submergence of crop lands. As a result, these lands, particularly the low-lying agricultural lands, become unfit for crop production. Such lands are found all along the Indian coastline, including the Karnataka coast, where they are locally referred to as gajni lands. This study was carried out to identify the different farming systems practised in the gajni lands, analyse the economics and compare the allocative and economic efficiencies of these systems. The objective was achieved through a random sample of 160 gajni farmers who were personally interviewed using a comprehensive questionnaire. The production function analysis revealed that all the resources included in the production process had a positive impact on gross returns in case of paddy mono-culture. However, the farming systems were not allocatively efficient in input utilisation and farmers are not aware of efficient use of inputs. Farmers were most economically efficient in the two modern faming systems as the net returns were the highest. Both paddy mono-culture and mixed farming exhibited increasing returns to scale while the paddy/prawn rotation system and semi-intensive prawn farming were characterised by diminishing returns to scale.


The project in the Salesian University – Sede Guayaquil, aims gathering ocean-atmospheric data in a particular area of interest, to increase hit rates in weather forecasting; same was to design a self-sustaining prototype able to acquire temperature of the sea surface, ambient temperature, relative humidity and dew point using microcontrollers and sensors, coupled to a renewable energy system; transmitting the data collected through a wireless communication system using radio frequency to a computer, for the management and monitoring in real time using the LabVIEW software.
This system directly benefits to the UPS-G students, especially electronic engineering career because it can be used as a teaching resource in the telecommunications experiments and / or the inclusion of research projects. The application of this prototype, that is a technological instrument in addition to the existing ones, provides contingency plans to prevent possible damage to material property, and especially to protect the human life.


"Okun's Law" is one of the most reliable economics laws, which has become the credendum for making economic growth and employment policies in many countries. However, there is a "Okun Paradox" in China, that is, the economic growth and employment growth are not balanced, and their growth trends are not synchronous. Because of the old system, policy and the interference of administrative forces, the non-regularity in "Okun Paradox" has the nature of anti-marketing. The government objectives, preferences, as well as the policy deviation lead to the deviation of results. Building the growth mode of "employment-friendly" is the fundamental strategy to break "Okun Paradox". The government should encourage the employment in small and medium-sized enterprises, the tertiary industry as well as non-formal employment, and formulate the employment promotion policies respectively.


Mathematical connection is an important aspect of learning mathematics. With mathematical connection, learning mathematics will be easier and meaningful because mathematics is structured and interconnected knowledge. This study aimed to describe students' mathematical connection ability. The subject of this study was 26 first-grade junior high school students. The instruments used in this study were connection ability test and interview guideline. The results of the study showed that only one-third of 26 students fulfilled the mathematical concepts connection indicators. The results also revealed that no student satisfied the indicators of mathematical connection to real life and mathematical connection to other disciplines. These findings provide information that students' mathematical connection ability is still relatively low. Therefore more attention is needed to increase students' mathematical connection ability because when the students have good connection ability, they will be able to understand concepts and improve their understanding of other sciences by connecting mathematical concepts with other concepts.


Surgical procedures that require neuromuscular monitoringpresent unique challenges to the anesthesia provider. Specificpatient characteristics such as phantom limb pain or chronicopioid use can further complicate perioperative management. Thefollowing case presentation illustrates the anesthetic managementof a patient exhibiting these complications who presented forsurgery with a prior transhumeral amputation. Nerve reassignmentwas planned with the eventual goal of a thought-controlledprosthesis. Anesthesia was maintained by the combination ofpropofol and ketamine along with adjuncts such as hydromorphone,midazolam and glycopyrrolate. These drugs and similaranesthetic combinations cause minimal changes to neurophysiologicmonitoring while decreasing various types of neuropathicpain and provide an effective alternative for treating patients withchronic pain.


Three species of invasive plants are reported as new records to Hainan Province,China,i.e.Macroptilum atropurpureum(DC.)Urban,M.lathroides(L.) Urban,and Desmodium tortuosum(Sw.) DC.Voucher specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of Forestry College,South China Agricultural University(CANT).


In the adiabatic treatment of overall rotational motion, the rotational energy is obtained by diagonalization of the inertia tensor at each nuclear configuration, and subsequent insertion of the rotation constants into the standard formalism for the energy for a symmetric or asymmetric top. We have tested this approximation previously for bound states and resonances in HCO, and found it to be quite accurate. This adiabatic approximation is justified here by deriving an approximation very similar to it (but less accurate) for a triatomic molecule. We then consider further approximations to the adiabatic rotation approximation. In one we assume that rotation constants for each resonance are independent of the angular momentum state J. This approximation requires a minimum of two calculations of resonance positions and widths for nonzero J in addition to the one for J=0. The second approximation we consider is standard first-order perturbarion theory. The adiabatic rotational energy is the perturbation relat...


Summary Three experiments which measured seed production and seed survival of annual medics (Medicago spp.) were conducted at Tel Hadya in north Syria. In Expts 1 and 2, conducted in consecutive years, the effects of rate and date of sowing on seed yield and its components were measured, while in Expt 3, the residual seed under summer grazing was monitored. In all three experiments seed permeability was observed at frequent intervals in summer and autumn. Selected ecotypes of three native medics (Medicago rigidula (L.) All., M. rotata Boiss. and M. noeana Boiss.) were compared with cultivars of M. truncatula Gaertn. and M. polymorpha (L.). Seed production was greatest at sowing rates of 20–40 kg/ha. The native species produced more seed (up to 1000 kg/ha) than the cultivars (less than 500 kg/ha), although not significantly so in the case of the late-flowering ecotype of M. noeana. Seed yields of 500–1000 kg/ha were considered to be sufficient to perpetuate the pastures, but even higher seed yields are desirable. Seed yield was closely related to number of pods in all ecotypes and, in Expt 2, up to 95% of flowers failed to produce mature pods. Flowers were more likely to mature at high sowing rate (256 kg/ha), in striking contrast to flower production itself which was greatest at sowing rates of less than 30 kg/ha. Flowers produced early in the season (before mid-April) were far more likely to give mature pods than late-produced flowers. In late October, seeds of the native species were less permeable (10%) than those of the cultivars (30%), although their permeability was similar to that of the cultivars in Australia. In the three experiments the seasonal pattern of permeability varied, although there was a tendency for seeds to gain permeability in autumn. In Expt 1 there was a strong suggestion that the change from impermeability to permeability was reversible. Ewes grazing mature pods gained weight, apparently as long as pod availability exceeded 10 kg/ha. It was clear that the condition of ewes was not a good guide to appropriate stocking rate for persistence of pastures, and that farmers will have to use other methods to assist them in grazing management.


The Caretaker is one of Harald Pinter's early plays. It was an immediate success, and it drew the attention of many critics, who started judging this contemporary British playwright's works from a new perspective. Therefore, many scholars consider The Caretaker an important turning point in the reception of Pinter's works. The play has seen many stagings all over the world, two of them in Slovenia. This article sets out its most prominent productions, analyses and comments on their critical reviews, and compares these to the response to Pinter in Slovene cultural space.


[Problem] To provide an adhesion prevention material that achieves excellent adhesion prevention capability without compromising degradability, handling properties, and adhesive properties during use. [Solution] An adhesion prevention material containing ascorbic acid or an ascorbic acid derivative as an antioxidant on a solid or semi-solid substrate comprising a water-soluble polymer and a poly(aliphatic ester). The substrate of the adhesion prevention material functions as a physical barrier between one wound surface and another wound surface, healing in the wound surfaces is promoted by the sustained release of the ascorbic acid or the derivative thereof from the substrate, and adhesion prevention capability is thus achieved efficiently and in a synergistic manner.


75-year-old woman with familial hypercholesterolemia was admitted with unstable angina. Thirteen years earlier, she had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting with a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and subsequently bilateral common carotid bypass surgery through a second sternotomy 3 years later. Physical examination revealed left brachial hypotension, a left subclavian bruit, and features of severe aortic stenosis. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated severe valvular and supravalvular aortic obstruction with an area of 0.50 cm 2 . Noncontrast computed tomography showed complete calcification of the ascending aorta (porcelain aorta) and confirmed supravalvular obstruction with calcific plaque (Figure 1). She was subsequently offered placement of a left ventricular apex-descending aorta conduit through a left thoracotomy. Preoperative diagnostic angiography revealed a critical ostial left subclavian artery stenosis, with flow reversal in the vertebral artery and preferential entering of contrast into the LIMA (steal phenomenon, Figure 2, Movie 1). The LIMA graft was widely patent, supplying the LAD, which itself collateralized the distal right and circumflex arteries. The native coronaries were occluded proximally. Of note, intubation of the left subclavian ostium with a 5F JR4 diagnostic catheter provoked immediate chest pain, profound hypotension, and severe ST depression on ECG. After a discussion with the patient and surgeons, the decision was made to proceed with endovascular subclavian intervention, with the goal of relieving myocardial ischemia and potentially reducing subsequent surgical risk. A hybrid transradial-transfemoral approach was used to achieve the following 2 objectives: avoidance of catheter manipulation in the aortic arch and provision of myocardial perfusion during intervention (Figure 3). The lesion


To urban expansion as the core content of the urban land use/land cover change has become the national land use/land cover change(LUCC) research focus.Based on a place from 2002 to 2007 land use data,the paper extracted urban land use information,used global and local spatial association model to analyze the spatial distribution of the regional characteristics of urban expansion,obtained research results.


With the development of information society in recent years,traditional moral education is facing the great impact and challenges,so information ethics education has gained increasing attention in the academic field.However,it doesn't mean that making study of information ethics education should abandon the theory of traditional moral education,but to make some innovation based on traditional one.As one of the theories of traditional moral education,cognitive moral development education has formed a kind of theoretical system which regards Kohlberg's theory of three levels and six cognitive moral development stages as its core.From the perspective of the cognitive moral development theory,Kohlberg's theory of cognitive moral development stages can be used for promoting the ideas of students' information ethics,his moral discussion approach can be used for improving students' judgment ability of information ethics,and the practice of role-assuming ideas put forward by Kohlberg can be used for internalizing the students' information ethics.


The constant alteration of cultural identities accompanies our imaginings of the city. Questions like "What is a city?", "Who am I in it?", and "Who is the Other?" touch on the issue of social boundaries and emotional mapping. Comparisons of the city to the body as expressed in architecture, design, and urban planning vary, but the city as a site of emotions is often left unexplored. City is about the organic urban body. Although high-rise and masculine in architecture, city expresses the female in its desires, memory bites, emotions, and sensuality. In applying the concept of the human body to the city, the awareness of the fact that emotions are visually stored in the city's public sphere is heightened. The city itself becomes the canvas for intimate dialogues. It is suggested that the experience of a skin-to-skin contact with the physicality of the streets, once we allow ourselves to consciously be in touch with the city, leads to inevitable changes in the construction of our outlook on our urban environment. On the one hand, the occurring transformation can be a positive and liberating experience as depicted in spatial experiences based on the sensuality and ecstasy of the city. On the other hand, there is the intimacy with the street that results in prostitution and homelessness, linked with displacement and disembodiment in society. If the city is regarded as a space that consists of energy forms rather than as a fi xed constant, its fl uidity and performative actions are expressed in a free-fl ow of excessive energies that create connections. Such a hybridity is a fl uid concept structured around the presence, absence, and ambivalence of roots, and air relates to such a spatial discourse based on accounts of the fl esh, fantasies, and dreams that encompass histories and identity formations. We are emotionally involved when we are in touch with something. Emotions move us, metaphorically and in literary terms, from one place to another, and every journey consists of encounters and actions like departing, meeting, staying. There is a way of mapping space that does not need to fulfi ll


INTRODUCTION The Little Cottonwood Canyon road, Highway U-210, connects Sal t Lake City with the Alta and Snowbird ski resorts in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah. The road is nine miles long and traverses 42 avalanche paths with half th~ road in avalanche path runout zones. Average daily traffic totals during the ski season are estimated to be nearly 7000 with peaks in winter months reaching over 10,000 (Bowles and Sandahl 1987). It is possible, even in recent years of below average snowfall for avalanches trap or bury vehicles on the highway. This fact was documented on January 15, 1991 when heavy snowfall and avalanches stranded a Utah Transit Authority bus in the neighboring Big Cottonwood Canyon. The resulting traffic jam left other vehicles in paths where they were sUbsequently buried by other avalanches (scroggin 1991). It is obvious that such a scenario greatly hampers rescue efforts, and with escalating highway use, is of considerable concern to


Abstract : Field installations have been operating very reliably during the reporting period. Sources of rather minor errors in the data were traced in close cooperation with Sandia, and appropriate actions were taken to modify the field system to eliminate these errors. Computer equipment for acquisition and processing of the NORESS data has been purchased and installed. All data received at Kjeller are now subjected to online processing for detection and location of seismic events. The RONAP program package, developed at NORSAR during the last couple of years, has been adapted for use on the new data. An advanced status monitoring system has been developed. This system generates statistics on all essential aspects of operations of the new array and suitable units for display of essential parameters have been acquired and installed.


ABSTRACT This essay offers a reading of Henry James's midcareer novel What Maisie Knew (1897) as a study in group psychology. Maisie, James's child heroine, is at the center of an expanding and transforming family group that includes various governesses as well as her divorced parents' multiple new partners. I set James's novel beside Bion's Experiences in Groups and Other Papers (1961) and its Kleinian approach to the continuities and discontinuities between individual and group experience. Rather than insisting (as Freud tends to) only on a narrative of individuation and adaptation, Bion emphasizes the necessity and difficulty an individual inevitably experiences in making contact with the emotional life of the group in which she lives. James casts the frustrating necessity of group experience in entirely theatrical terms, figuring Maisie from the start as a spectator to, and eventually an active participant in, the affective circuits of those around her. In my reading the transferential poetics of James and Bion make available the affective, transindividual nature of knowing as a contingent activity that takes place between persons and other objects. The essay concludes by unfolding some of the surprising televisual aspects of James's late style.


The use of social networking software by professionals is increasing dramatically. How it is used, whether it enhances or reduces productivity, and how enterprise-friendly design and use might evolve are open questions. We examine attitudes and behaviors in a large, technologically-savvy organization through a broad survey and thirty focused interviews. We find extensive social and work uses, with complex patterns that differ with software system and networker age. Tensions arise when use spans social groups and the organization's firewall. Although use is predominantly to support weak ties whose contribution to productivity can be difficult to prove, we anticipate rapid uptake of social networking technology by organizations.


Evidence that environmental factors play an important role in the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) has grown rapidly over the last few years. In particular, a role for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been gaining credibility and momentum on the crest of robust epidemiologic data demonstrating an extremely low MS risk among the noninfected,1 a strong correlation between serum antibody titers to the EBV nuclear antigen-1 and future risk of developing MS in both adult and pediatric onset disease,2–6 and a twofold to threefold increase in MS risk following the occurrence of infectious mononucleosis,7,8 a common clinical manifestation of a late primary EBV infection. More recently, in the longitudinal follow-up of a large cohort of EBV-negative young adults, MS was observed to occur only after EBV infection.9

Over the years, lack of convincing evidence of EBV within the CNS10–12 of patients with MS suggested that indirect mechanisms mediated any pathogenic effect of EBV.13 The indirect mechanisms posited are varied, including T-cell activation potentially through molecular mimicry or transactivation of a superantigen, a class of antigens that can activate large populations of T cells nonspecifically14–16; infection and chronic activation of autoreactive B cells17; or induction and presentation of antigens such as α-β crystalline, a stress protein that is a major putative target of CD4+ T-cell immunity in MS.18

In 2007, however, Serafini et al.19 reported in a study of 22 MS brains that numerous B cells in ectopic meningeal follicles (collections of immune cells which recapitulate some architectural features of lymph node follicles) and in perivascular infiltrates were positive by in situ hybridization for EBV RNA transcripts (EBER) and by immunohistochemistry for EBNA-2 and LMP-1, 2 EBV latent proteins …


THE nerve supply of the thyroid gland is derived in part from the cervical sympathetic trunks and in part from the vagus nerves. In man, the sympathetic nerves to the thyroid gland arise mainly from the middle cervical ganglion or, in the absence of this ganglion, directly from the cervical sympathetic trunks. These nerves probably include fibers arising in all the cervical sympathetic ganglia. Nonidez (9) recently described a definite bundle of fibers arising in the superior cervical ganglion and entering the corresponding lobe of the thyroid gland of the dog. He expressed the opinion that the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia are the sources of most of the sympathetic fibers which enter the thyroid gland. Since the thyroid gland develops as a diverticulum from the floor of the embryonic pharynx, a portion of the digestive tube which receives its sympathetic nerve supply chiefly from the superior cervical ganglia, this opinion seems to be well founded. The fibers of vagus origin which enter the thyro...


As part of a larger study on documenta as a Haunted Exhibition, my article proposes a revision of the historiography produced by and about the recurring large-scale exhibition, founded 1955 in Kassel. By rehabilitating a selection of the modern abstract art that was ostracized in the 'Third Reich' as 'Jewish-Bolshevist' degeneration, the early documenta editions contributed to the construction of a binary historiographic fairy tale of 'good' (i.e. democratic) abstraction vs. 'bad' (i.e. totalitarian) realism, which has often been discussed with regard to US-American cultural politics of reeducation in Germany. Taking a closer look at the biographies of documenta's founding fathers and the 'Germanic' genealogies of their historiographic practices, however, I seek to complicate this success story of documenta as an arbiter of democracy, whose makers were claiming a radical break with the Nazi past. Highlighting the show's continuities with German nationalism before, during and after the Nationalist Socialist regime, both on an ideological and a personal level, I will argue that documenta not only served as a 'weapon of the Cold War', but also as a washing machine for German (art) history, including the biographies of its historians and curators, who thus managed to distract attention from their former Nazi associations by deploying abstraction as a detergent, whose capacity for political resignification allowed for its recuperation by different ideological regimes. The article traces the continuous attempts by a network of nationalist documenta co-founders to brand abstraction as something specifically German before, during and after the NS and discusses how this part of modern art's history in Germany was largely overwritten by the general perception of an 'Americanization' of abstraction after World War II.


Fruit softening is a complex process that involves the degradation of cell wall by a variety of hydrolases.Endo-β-mannanase(EC 18.104.22.168) is an important enzyme degrading mannans backbone composing hemicellulose of cell wall and producing oligomannans.The changes in the activity of endo-β-mannanase were investigated during the softening of kiwifruit(Actinidia deliciosa cv.Miliang No.1) stored at room temperature.The results showed that the fruit firmness decreased and the content of soluble solid in-creased during the storage.The patterns of endo-β-mannanase activity were different in pericarp,pulp and pith.The activity of endo-β-mannanase in pericarp and pulp first increased then decreased.However,the activity of endo-β-mannanase in pith increased gradually.Moreover,the increase in endo-β-mannanase activity was the greatest in the pericarp,and less in the pulp and pith regions.Compared with the control,ex-ogenous ethephon treatment could speed up the rate of fruit softening,increase the content of soluble solid and the endo-β-mannanase activity in pericarp,pulp and pith of kiwifruit.On the contrary,chitosan treatment could delay the loss of fruit firmness,decrease the content of soluble solid and the endo-β-mannanase activity in pericarp,pulp and pith of kiwifruit.


The superconducting twin aperture main dipole magnets of the LHC accelerator are equipped with pairs of sextupole and decapole correctors at their ends. Similarly, octupole correctors are aligned at the end of the main quadrupole magnets. Dedicated stations have been built for tests of these correctors at room temperature as well as superfluid helium temperature. Measurements of the training behaviour and of the magnetic field quality are routinely performed. The search for the magnetic axis and the transfer of its position to fiducials are performed at room temperature. A description and the performances obtained with these two benches are also presented.


Given the importance of assessing level of difficulty for text consideration and selection, I derived level classifications for all 37 full-length introductory textbooks published from 1995 through 1997. I used only 3 parameters: eminence of the text author(s), the number of pedagogical aids used in the text, and the number of non-traditional chapters included in the text. To validate this procedure, I compared the generated classifications to independent, experientially based level judgments for 30 of the texts and to my own experientially based judgments for all of the texts. All 3 sets of level classifications were strongly positively correlated, indicating the efficacy of the 3—factor procedure. To assist teachers in making text level assessments in the future, I provide an informal judgment heuristic based on this procedure.


Four green iguanas scheduled for euthanasia were used to compare the extent of collateral tissue damage associated with CO2 laser and 4·0 MHz radiosurgery. The iguanas were anaesthetised and a series of three skin and three muscle incisions was made by 4·0 MHz radiosurgery (0·18 mm wire electrode, 25 W, cut mode) and CO2 laser (0·3 mm ceramic tip, 15 W focused beam super-pulse mode), and three incisions were made with a scalpel blade as controls. Following euthanasia, a total of 60 skin and 36 muscle sections were evaluated histologically. Radiosurgery and the laser both produced bloodless incisions, but radiosurgery caused significantly less collateral tissue damage in the skin (307 [97] v 386 [108] µm) and the muscle (18 [7] v 91 [15] µm).


Review(s) of: The All-time Australian 200 Rich List by William D. Rubinstein, Allen and Unwin in association with BRW, Crows Nest, NSW, 2004. pp. xxii + 202. $29.95 paper.


This paper s tudies what creates value for customers and how perceived value increases customers ' loyal ty. An analytical model is presented and applied in the field of Moroccan retail banking industry. The model is tested th rough a quanti tative s tudy using data collected by an online questionnaire. A total of 200 customers of financial enti ties were surveyed, and 20 i tems were tested using the Structural Equation Modeling through Smart-PLS Approach. The results show that the relationship marketing approach is a multidimensional construct composed by trust, commitment and satisfaction. The perceived value based on the PERVAL scale was composed of three components (economic value, social value and emotional value) and represented by 7 i tems. The results confi rm that customers ' posi tive perceived value has a mediator effect between relationship marketing approach of the providers and customers ' loyal ty. This article provides an empirical validation of the perceived value s tudy, a little investigated topic in the Moroccan context. It shows the managerial implications of developing such s trategy to maintain long term relationship with customers .


In 1989 CSIRO Minerals initiated investigations into continuous converting of copper matte into low sulfur blister in Sirosmelt type reactors. Following the succe- ssful piloting of this processing route, some effort was directed towards a single stage copper making process where copper metal is made in one step from concent- rate. The aim of the project in to develop a continuous process, which offers considerable environmental and economic benefits over conventional copper making processes, which use Pierce-smith converters. In the selection of the optimum flowsheet a number of slag treatment options have been considered and tested. These unit operations include: leaching and electrowi- nning, flotation-leaching-electrowinning and flotation with recycling of recovered copper through the smelting vessel. In this paper the suitability of these process options are evaluated using the available information and recently measured copper recoveries from our tes-twork at CSIRO.


A novel miniature flat loop heat pipes (MFLHPs) with rectangular shaped evaporator was developed and designed for laptop cooling, by considering the operating principle of the LHP system and its ability to carry larger amounts of heat over long distances than conventional heat pipes. The effect of the length of the evaporator and the connecting pipe was investigated. The results showed that the length of the connecting pipe and the length of the evaporator are the main factors affecting MFLHP start-up. The thermal performance of a MFLHP increased with the increase of the length of the evaporator. There was an optimal length of the connecting pipe to make a MFLHP operating well. Finally, a heat sink attached to a MFLHP was developed for cooling a CPU of notebook, the thermal design power (TDP) of which was 45W. The results showed the CPU heat sink with MFLHP had good performance and satisfied laptop cooling requirements. Compared to the conventional heat pipe solutions, the MFLHP solution was able to keep CPU temperature stable with the increase of heat loads and cope with the higher power dissipation, offering the potential to make a lighter heat sink.


The invention discloses a three-stage catalysis ozone oxidation water purifying device, which relates to a water treatment device and is used for solving the technical problems of low ozone utilization ratio, high effluent residual ozone concentration, failure in generating .OH with higher oxidizability by effectively utilizing ozone and failure in accurately feeding back and regulating an ozone adding amount and effluent ozone concentration. An ozone gas supply system is used for uniformly distributing gas by using a titanium plate arranged in a three-stage catalytic reaction column; first-stage inflow water enters from the lower part of a first-stage catalytic reaction column to complete a first-stage catalytic reaction in an up-flow way; effluent from the upper part of the first-stage catalytic reaction column is mixed with an H2O2 aqueous solution through a second-stage catalytic water inlet pipeline, and then a mixed solution enters a second-stage catalytic reaction column; and upper phase flow is discharged from the upper part of the second-stage reaction column, and enters from the lower part of a third-stage reaction column to complete a third-stage catalytic reaction. Dueto the adoption of the water purifying device, the service period of a heterogeneous catalyst is prolonged, frequent regeneration or replacement is not required, the utilization ratio of ozone is high, and insoluble ozone is not left in effluent.


A 70-year-old female presented with blurring of vision and gush of warm fluid in the left eye (OS). She gave history of ocular surgery without lens implantation 20 years back in OS and five years back in the right eye (OD). On examination, visual acuity was hand movements in OS. The slit lamp examination revealed pseudoexfoliation with aphakia in both eyes with complete herniation of intact vitreous knuckle, bulging through the pupillary aperture and touching the corneal endothelium without corneal decompensation in OS and remnant posterior capsular rent in OD without vitreous disturbance.


The article presents the forms of architecturally outstanding churches The Holy Trinity Church in Hajnówka and the Holy Cross Exaltation Church in Jałówka. Both churches were designed by Professor Aleksander Grygorowicz. They are a rare example of a successful integration of tradition and contemporaneity which is often postulated in the literature on the subject. This integration is based on an entirely different design philosophy in each case. Built in a traditional and historicizing convention, the church in Jałówka contains contemporary elements made of reinforced concrete, clearly indicating the time of its construction. The modern church in Hajnówka constitutes a recognizable reinterpretation of the traditional crosswise and domed arrangement. Both objects are dissimilar in many more ways, and have been compared within this article. The churches stand on both sides of the line dividing the contemporary Orthodox church architecture into a traditional and a contemporary trend. Both churches answer constructively to the problem of designing a contemporary church (a very conservative sector of architecture), and prove that the use of traditional solutions does not have to mean culling from historical forms literally.


This article describes two perspectives about the powerful appeal oral history research projects exert on members of the helping professions. Charles T. Morrissey is an oral history practitioner and consultant who has taught intensive oral history workshops throughout the country as well as oral history courses at several universities. He has conducted oral history research projects for many major organizations, including the Ford Foundation, the presidential libraries of Harry Truman and John Kennedy, and a Washington-based association called Former Members of Congress. John Kayser is a social work educator with a personal and professional interest in narratives and oral histories. Using the experience of attending an oral history workshop at Vermont College in 1996 as a "case example," Kayser describes the application of Morrissey's guidelines in conducting subsequent oral history research on the life stories of retired women social work professionals in Colorado. The importance of using oral history interviews to capture previously undocumented, historically significant memories is illustrated. In the concluding section, the authors reflect on the enduring attraction and value oral history research has for helping professionals. Beneficial outcomes of the attraction appear to be increased self-awareness both for informants who share memories about their life experiences and for professionals conducting oral history research Our joint authorship of this narrative essay arose from our previous contact in a 1996 summer oral history workshop held at Vermont College in Montpelier, a unit of Norwich University. John Kayser (JK)was the student and Charles Morrissey (CM) was the teacher. JK was one of many students from the helping professions (broadly defined here to include mental health and social service professionals, clergy members, and lay archivists, educators, historians, librarians, and theologians) who have sought specific training in oral history methods. Over the years, helping professionals have comprised the largest group of participants attending workshops. This essay is a joint reflection on the powerful appeal oral history apparently exerts for such professionals, and how oral history interviews capture important, previously undocumented information about individuals and events in the life of the profession. Copyright of Reflections : Narratives of Professional Helping is the property of Cleveland State University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.


In confronting the financial aspect of crime, states place increasing reliance on civil, in contrast to criminal, legal processes. Sometimes called non-conviction based approaches, civil devices greatly facilitate the assault on finance since they operate in accordance with conventional civil legal principles rather than the norms of the criminal law. Accordingly since the legal ordering governing criminal manners is more exacting that the processes, rights or evidential understandings that apply to civil matters, a civil tool more ably captures tainted finance than any criminal device*. Drawing principally on developments in select common law jurisdictions, particularly Canada, this article offers a critical appraisal of modern civil tools aimed at criminal finance. Part 1 locates the civil strategy within the international anti-criminal finance project. Part 2 introduces the central attributes of the civil mechanisms. Part 3 lays out the essential theoretical tenets of the civil approach and Part 4 examines whether civil devices conform to the rule of law. Part 5 examines taxation as a discrete civil tool.


According to thestaronline.com on 10th August 2016, there seems to be a growing concern on the extensive usage of electronic media by young children in Malaysia. The purpose of this research was to analyze the methods adopted by schools in introducing intervention measures to these children. A qualitative case study approach was adapted for this research, with 3 participants, sampled through purposeful sampling. A triangulation method was adopted where data was collected through semi structure interviews, various levels of observations and examination of existing datas to generate qualitative themes. The themes found from this research were children's executive function, role and responsibilities of the school, role and responsibilities of other stakeholders and the cause and effects of the interventions.The study found that awareness needs to be created among young parents on the tolerable level of gadget exposure. Wider dissemination of knowledge and information about the proper use of the electronic devices shall be another effort that need to be given attention. Diagnosing the cause early could also help children in getting early interventions by the school and parents while getting the necessary medical treatment.


"This volume ... forms the direct continuation of Series A, Vol. IX. ..."--P. [vii] "On the last page, beside the corrections and additions to this volume, I have added a number of corrections to the text of Vol. IX."--P. xix. Includes bibliographical references.


This chapter covers the literature on group 1 and 11 organometallics, primarily those that contain a carbon-metal bond, in the years 2011 and 2012. In the first part, coordination compounds of the alkali metals are discussed. We look firstly at organolithiums and then cover compounds of the higher alkali metals. Sandwich compounds are discussed, including significant new work that relates to lithium-coordinated reduced corannulene systems. The use of other aryl ligands, as well as alkyl, alkynyl, carbenoid and N-donor ligands is also discussed. Compounds of the coinage metals - copper, silver and gold - are considered in the second part of the review. Discussion is broken down by metal, starting with copper. The first efficient synthesis of (Ph3P)3CuCF3 is reported, as are related studies on "CuCF3" derivatives. Other copper systems to have been looked at in 2011/12 include those with aryl, phosphorus- and sulfur-donor ligands. A large number of studies on carbenoid complexes are also reviewed. This interest in carbene chemistry is also reflected within the silver and gold sections that follow, with alkynyl ligand chemistry also playing a major role in recent gold studies. For both groups 1 and 11, mixed-metal systems are also discussed as appropriate, including the development of synergic bases, new multiply-bonded transition metal complexes and luminescent group 11 clusters.


Systematic Review of Nurse Residency Programs by Abiola Ajanaku MS, Stevenson University, 2013 BSN, Towson University, 2008 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice Walden University February 2018 Abstract The first 2 years of a new graduate nurses career can be stressful and traumatic. Many new graduates leave the profession within their first 2 years of employment. Organizations have sought to implement programs that will promote new graduate job retention. Nurse residency programs (NRPs) are programs geared toward fostering and nurturing new graduates once they begin their nursing careers. Residency programs can last anywhere from 3 months to 1year, depending on the nursing specialty. A key component in retaining new graduates is to facilitate a successful transition into nursing practice. This project served as a systematic review regarding the current state of NRPs and best practices to assure a successful implementation. A total of 44 articles met the inclusion criteria identified for the project. Analysis of each article used Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt's 7 levels of evidence. Benner's novice to expert theory served as the theoretical framework for this project. This systematic review revealed variety in the length and type of NRPs. Best practices include the usage of the University Health System Consortium (UHC)/ American Association of Colleges Nursing (AACN) or Vizient model. NRPs may differ in curriculum however each program supports theThe first 2 years of a new graduate nurses career can be stressful and traumatic. Many new graduates leave the profession within their first 2 years of employment. Organizations have sought to implement programs that will promote new graduate job retention. Nurse residency programs (NRPs) are programs geared toward fostering and nurturing new graduates once they begin their nursing careers. Residency programs can last anywhere from 3 months to 1year, depending on the nursing specialty. A key component in retaining new graduates is to facilitate a successful transition into nursing practice. This project served as a systematic review regarding the current state of NRPs and best practices to assure a successful implementation. A total of 44 articles met the inclusion criteria identified for the project. Analysis of each article used Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt's 7 levels of evidence. Benner's novice to expert theory served as the theoretical framework for this project. This systematic review revealed variety in the length and type of NRPs. Best practices include the usage of the University Health System Consortium (UHC)/ American Association of Colleges Nursing (AACN) or Vizient model. NRPs may differ in curriculum however each program supports the increase in NG retention and job satisfaction as well as new graduate improved competence and confidence. Assuring that new graduates receive a successful orientation and transition into practice will promote positive social change within the organization, improved new graduate competence, and, ultimately, quality patient outcomes. Systematic Review of Nurse Residency Programs by Abiola Ajanaku MS, Stevenson University, 2013 BSN, Towson University, 2008 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice Walden University February 2018 Dedication I would like to dedicate this to the past few years of my life. I have had several challenges good and bad but ultimately they have helped me reach this level of success. I would especially like to dedicate this to baby Newborn who is helping me daily. Acknowledgments I would like to thank my significant other who has supported and encouraged me throughout this entire process. There has not been a day where he has not given me words of wisdom and the drive to make it through my process. My cousins, best friend, little sister and close skate family have been a driving force in helping me reach this point. They have assisted in elevating my mindset and guiding me as I have been working to accomplish my goals. They have also made sure I enjoyed myself regardless of how much work needed to be done. I would also like to acknowledge Dr. Deborah Lewis and Dr. Diane Whitehead who have been by my side during this entire journey to assure success. Dr. Whitehead has often given me words of wisdom and assured I was comfortable in the process. She has helped me get past many obstacles without having a major breakdown. You both are the greatest!


A source-critical comment on Roger de Robelin's "On the provenance of Rembrandt's The conspiracy of the Batavians under Claudius Civilis"


This paper describes the results of a controlled experiment designed to evaluate the impact of managerial influence and cognitive abilities on software reuse. The experiment concludes that (1) software reuse promotes higher productivity, (2) reuse resulting from both moderate and strong encouragement promote higher productivity than no reuse, (3) management''s strong encouragement to reuse tends to promote improper reuse activities, (4) in general, reuse of a module is unproductive if 30 percent or less is used for the target system, though as much as 50 percent can be discarded for some modules and still be worth reusing, (5) of integrative ability, perception speed, and visualization, only the ability to visualize changes made to patterns was related to software reuse, and (6) of the subject''s prior experience, only the amount of testing experience was related to software reuse.


A PDH to 622 Mb/s SDH/SONET mapping de-mapping chip is proposed in this paper,which integrates DS1/E1/J1 framer,DS1/DS3 multiplexer and E1/E3 multiplexer.It provides high speed interface for 622 Mb/s and 155 Mb/s SDH/SONET signals and three add-drop-multiplexer bus interfaces for STM-1/STS-3 signals.It supports both MSP 1+1 protection switching and ring(UPSR) network topologies.A single chip can provide complete STM-1/STS-3 mapping de-mapping for up to 84 DS1/ J1 or 63 E1 signals,and STM-4/STS-12 mapping de-mapping for several DS3/E3/STS-1 signals.Point-to-point and ring applications are supported,and in switching mode 2016 DS0/E0 application is supported.Four chips can implement complete STM-4/STS-12 mapping de-mapping for 336 DS1/J1 or 252 E1 tributary signals.The chip is fabricated in TSMC 0.13 μm CMOS process and the gate count is about 6 million.It is packaged with 700-pin PGBA technology and meets optical network transmission requirement.It has been successfully used in optical network communication devices.


This paper describes a technology transfer technique to handle large corpora
of technical information. The paper describes and illustrates a sophisticated
Information Technology tool to interactively browse over 1500 abstracts
and full text documents in the domain of service life and asset management.
The first goal of the project is to provide full access to this compendium of
information in the topic domain. The second goal of the project is to
illustrate a methodology for data storage, data retrieval and technology
transfer for other technology domains. The product described in this paper
is a compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM)-based, interactive
bibliography on service life prediction, durability and asset management.
There are two innovative features of this compendium: (1) a keyphrase
index, that was created automatically using sophisticated indexing tools, and
(2) an intuitive, interactive interface to large volumes of technical
information. The paper describes the problems of accessing the existing
large volumes of data and information related to service life prediction,
durability and asset management, outlines sophisticated IT tools currently
available for indexing and searching large corpora of technical information,
details the interface and background data structure of the SL/AM-IT
(Service Life/Asset Management-Information Technology) methodology
and product, and discusses advantages of such techniques in the domain of
service life and asset management and other similar technical domains.


Although pericardial eff usion is a well-known feature of Churg-Strauss syndrome, cardiac tamponade has rarely been encountered. The present report describes a case of Churg-Strauss syndrome that presented as an acute cholecystitis and was complicated by tamponade. Histopathological exam of both pericardium and gall bladder was conclusive for Churg-Strauss syndrome.


A technique is presented for the analysis of the operation of a continuous-crabbing machine by use of temperature measurements made on the fabric being processed. From these measurements and by the use of equilibrium-regain data, changes in fabric regain are deduced throughout the entire process. This technique could be applied to other continuous processes.


Some new results are established regarding a recently developed coherent-mode representation of steady-state sources and fields of any state of coherence. It is shown that when a planar source is spatially band limited in the sense that its cross-spectral density function contains only spatial frequencies smaller than the corresponding wave number, the mode representation has some very simple and useful properties. Some potential applications of the results are mentioned.


60% of Indonesia's approximately 148 million people live on the island of Java, which accounts for only 6% of Indonesia's total land area. Because of the alarming projected population growth increase by the year 2000, it is imperative that Java's population problems be approached with regard to the environment rather than urban planning alternatives. A rural family of 5 or 6 persons should have at least 3 quarters to 1 hectare of rice-filled land to live decently. Java's current situation precludes the use of any more land for urban purposes as it would reduce the amount of land available for food production. To maintain the delicate balance between human needs and nature, existing forests should be enlarged, extensive critical land areas restored, and rice fields maintained as they are now. It is estimated that a maximum of approximately 60 million people can live humanely in Indonesia's rural areas; if 126 million people will inhabit Java by 2000, 66 million will have to live in urban areas. This means being prepared for high density cities with all their implications and complications. Jakarta, Indonesia's capital city, has a current population of about 6.6 million people but is expected to grow to 9.7 million by 2001. Its annual growth rate is 4.5%, 42% of which results from in-migration from rural areas. In view of the projected population problems, rapid urbanization of Java appears to be more a solution rather than a problem.


Chapter 1: Motivation for Understanding Liquidity Risk 1 Chapter 2: Liquidity Risk: Concepts 11 Chapter 3: The Great Depression 59 Chapter 4: Japan's Lost Decade 105 Chapter 5: The Great Recession 173 Chapter 6: Conclusion 247 Index 261


Earthworm capsule is an extract from earthworm made in our laboratory.From1986 to 1989,486 patients with carcinoma of esophagus or lung were randomly divided into 2groups,one group received radiotherapy alone(control group)and the other radiotherapycombined with earthworm capsules(treatment group).All cases were diagnosedpathologically or cytologically.In a two-month treatment course,earthworm capsuleswere given orally twice a day,2~3 capsules each time,each capsule containing 60 mg ofthe extract.Compared with the control group,the CR(complete remission)rate andCR+PR(partial remission)rate in patients with carcinoma of esophagus treated byradiotherapy in combination with earthworm capsule increased 9.7%(P<0.01) and 9.6%(P<0.05),while in patients with carcinoma of lung,they increased 10.6%(P<0.05)and13.5%(P<0.05),respectively.The earthworm capsule caused irritation in the alimentarytract,the patients displaying slight nausea and vomiting(16.7% in thecombination treatment group and 10.0% in the control group).However,these side ef-fects could be alleviated when capsules were taken after meal or with honey concomitantly.No deleterious effects on the heart,liver,kidney,skin,hematopoietic or nervous systemwere seen.


Based on the results of our previous adenophostin A structure–activity relationship studies, two fluorescent inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) receptor ligands, fluorescent adenophostin A (FADA) and fluorescent low‐affinity ligand (FLL), were designed. Binding of the fluorescent ligands to the fluorescent IP3 sensor in protein‐expressing cells caused FRET. This principle was extended to a cell‐free assay system by using the fluorescent IP3 sensor bound to agarose beads. The effect of FLL on the FRET signal was reduced by subsequent addition of IP3. The IC50 values of IP3 on the FRET signals were 139.7 and 352.1 nm for 30 and 100 nm FLL, respectively. This method allowed quantitative measurement of IP3 concentrations below 10 nm and was applied to measure cytosolic IP3 concentrations in COS‐7 cells and to examine the potency of synthesized adenophostin A analogues.


Despite a few notable uses of simulation of random processes in the pre-computer era (Hammersley and Handscomb, 1964, Section 1.2; Stigler, 2002, Chapter 7), practical widespread use of simulation had to await the invention of computers. Almost as soon as computers were invented, they were used for simulation (Hammersley and Handscomb, 1964, Section 1.2). The name "Monte Carlo" started as cuteness — gambling was then (around 1950) illegal in most places, and the casino at Monte Carlo was the most famous in the world — but it soon became a colorless technical term for simulation of random processes.


(57) Abstract: Metal - insulator - metal diode device (10) and a manufacturing method thereof. Metal-insulator device comprising the particles of the refractory metal (20) having a conductive layer (12, 16) and the dielectric filler material oxides suspended under intrinsic dielectric binder (22) having (24) a coating (20a) and a layer (14). In one embodiment, the metal insulating layer (14); and a filler material comprising for example particles of a refractory metal such as tantalum, titanium oxide particles, the device is formed by a printing operation. Diode device is effective in all battery tester applications.


The Kronig-Penney lattice is a one-dimensional chain of equal segments at the end of which there is a function interaction. It predicts for the energy a band structure whose width increases with the energy. These results continue to hold when the functions are replaced by arbitrary potentials, as well as when the problem is generalized to three dimensions giving the well known conduction bands for electrons. In this paper we are interested in what happens to neutrons in crystals. The simplest model would again be a Kronig-Penney lattice, but with the function replaced by boundary conditions at the end of the segments. This approach leads to an R matrix interaction of the type Wigner introduced in his analysis of nuclear reactions. Using Bloch's theorem we solve the problem of the band structure for arbitrary R, but discuss its behaviour only when it has a single pole, a pole and a zero or a picket-fence form. An example with data taken from experiment is presented in the appendix.


AIM The purpose is to establish a HPLC method for determine the flavonoids: bavachin, bavachalcone, corylin in Psoralea corylifolia . METHODS Hanbang Lichrosphore C\-\{18\} (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μ) column and mobil phase acetonitril water (6∶4) was used for bavachin and corylin on the time program 0~30 min 279 nm, 30~45 min 247 nm. For bavachalcone, the mobil phase methanol water (85∶15), detect wave length 387 nm were used. RESULTS\ The average recovery rates for bavachin, corylin and bavachalcone were 99.27%,98.59% and 99.16% respectively and RSD was 1.4% ,0.9% and 1.0%. CONCLUSION\ This method can be used to determine flavonoids in raw material of Psoralea corylifolia coming from various areas.


Taoism boasts the remarkable characteristics of taking life seriously in the long-term regimen practice, developing around the aim of "alive for ever and become the celestial being", thus form the broad regimen theoretical system. We call that "Taoism regimen philosophy". Taoism regimen philosophy is the theory distillation of Taoism regimen intelligence. Its deep core is its mode of Taoism regimen thinking. Its theory speciality is cultural technology. Analyzed from the brand new perspective of cultural technology, Taoism regimen has important theory and realistic meaning.


Objective:To study the therapeutic effect and side effect of coadministration of low molecular weight heparin(LMWH) and breviscapine on primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS).Methods:58 contemporaneous inpatients of PNS were divided into two groups randomly,therapeutic group(30 samples) and control group(28 samples),each group adopt conventional therapy,includes salt restriction,low fat diet,good protein diet,diuresis,blood pressure reduced,glucocorticosteroid et al.The therapeutic group coadministration LMWH and breviscapine for two weeks additionally,after four weeks comparied their changes in weight,urine volume,urine protein,serum albumin,blood fat,renal function ,blood coagulation function et al by pre-treatment and post-treatment.Results:Including urine volume increased,weight losed,urine protein and blood fat reduced,the serum albumin inceased,blood coagulation function improved,the therapeutic group was significant than that the control group(P0.05),but there was no significant difference of changes in renal function between these two group(P0.05);The complete remission rate and total effective rate is 40% and 83.3% in therapeutic group respectively,it is 30% and 46.4% in control group correspondingly,there is significant difference between these two group(P0.05).and had no obvious side effect.Conclusion:It's an effectively therapeutic method to coadministration LMWH and breviscapine on PNS,based on the conventional therapy.


Background Maternal obesity has been positively associated with risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but evidence of a causal relation is scarce. Causality would be lent support if temporal changes in weight affected risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods We examined the associations between change in prepregnancy body-mass index (BMI) from the first to the second pregnancies, and the risk of adverse outcomes during the second pregnancy in a nationwide Swedish study of 151025 women who had their first two consecutive singleton births between 1992 and 2001. Findings Compared with women whose BMI changed between -1·0 and 0-9 units, the adjusted odds ratios for adverse pregnancy outcomes for those who gained 3 or more units during an average 2 years were: pre-eclampsia, 1·78 (95% CI 1·52-2·08); gestational hypertension 1·76 (1·39-2·23); gestational diabetes 2·09 (1·68-2·61); caesarean delivery 1·32 (1·22-1·44); stillbirth 1·63 (1·20-2·21); and large-for-gestational-age birth 1·87 (1·72-2·04). The associations were linearly related to the amount of weight change and were also noted in women who had a healthy prepregnancy BMI for both pregnancies. Interpretation These findings lend support to a causal relation between being overweight or obese and risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Additionally they suggest that modest increases in BMI before pregnancy could result in perinatal complications, even if a woman does not become overweight. Our results provide robust epidemiological evidence for advocating weight loss in overweight and obese women who are planning to become pregnant and, to prevent weight gain before pregnancy in women with healthy BMIs.


Through an analysis of the recent successive slumping several times in Dadaoshan in the City of Lianyungang, the authors studied and analyzed the formation mechanism and trend of slumping in this area and raised keep away measures from the disasters which might be caused by the follow up slumping。


We report that somatostain receptor (SSTR) 1,2 and 5 activation by selective agonista, cause C6 cell growth arrest through PTPn-dependent dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 in vitro and after xenografting in nude mice. Individual SSTR agonist desplayed different efficacy and potecy showing partial synergism by combined treatment. Since most tumor cells express multiple SSTRs, the activtion of all the subtypes may grant a better control of cancer growth.


An experimental method based on a gravimetric permeation cell was designed and successfully used in measuring the diffusivities, permeabilities, and the breakthrough times of several rubber–solvent systems. The experimental results for four organic solvents: benzene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, and chloroform in silicone, natural, and bromobutyl rubbers, respectively, are reported along with a description of the experimental method. The relations between the diffusivities measured by a permeation method and a sorption uptake method are discussed. This permeation cell provides a simple and reliable mean to determine the diffusional transport properties of a polymer–solvent system. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


PVC membrane has a strong repulsion for carbohydrate compounds,but its hydrophilicity is poor.The hydrophilicity of polyurethane is strong.Hence we research the blend membrane of polyvinyl chloride(PVC) and polyurethane(PU) in this paper.The preparation and performance of PVC/PU blend ultrafiltration membranes has been discussed.The experimental results show that the 8 / 2 PVC / PU blend membranes with a concentration of 16% for casting solution can obtain a nice water flux and retention rate porous membrane.


Media construct and make sense of the reality it serves to its audiences. Reality-construction and sense-making are influenced by internal (reporters, media organization) and external factors (sources, advertisers, others). Thus, news is a product of constructed reality. News is not something that is already out-there for the media to present to its audiences. Media chooses, selects, put emphasis on some details and facts, while (purposedly) overlooks others. The selection and emphasise are called framing. Framing enables the complex, disorganized realities, to be changed into organized, simple, and sensible realities. In this research, the news the A-Committee's excursion to Netherlands in relation to East Java's centenary in Public Service Broadcasting TVRI Jatim and Commercial (Private) Broadcast JTV are explored. Since the research intends to see how the media presents, exnominates, and puts emphasis on facts and details to make sense of the reality, this research uses Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki's framing analysis method. Hence, it was found, TVRI frames reality from the government's point of view, while JTV frames the reality from the watchdog role's point of view. The differences lays in historical, legal, and influences on media content. Thus, it was found that either public or commercial broadcasts television produce news according to their bias and interests that are seen through their newsframes.


Two new species of Trogossitidae: Lophocaterinae: Ancyronini (Coleoptera) from Socotra Island are described and classified within the genus Afrocyrona Kolibac, 2007. One species, Afrocyrona volatilis sp. nov. is winged, while the second described species, A. pedestris sp. nov., is brachypterous and thus flightless. Both species were found to be related to known members of Afrocyrona and thereby confirm a possible biogeographical relationship of Socotra to the South African fauna. All species of Afrocyrona share hidden feeding habits in litter or rotten wood, unique in this group of beetles.