We examine the impact of labour productivity growth of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) on labour productivity growth of large firms in a 19‐year panel of 26 European countries. We apply a dynamic panel data model that allows for macro‐level interdependencies in productivity between small and large firms. Our main finding concerns a sizable positive effect of labour productivity increases of SMEs on the productivity of large firms. This positive effect is especially evident for medium‐sized and small firms (rather than micro firms). Furthermore, the impact of SME productivity on large‐firm productivity is increasing with the size of the SME sector. Our analysis indicates that scale effects play a role in the transmission of productivity effects from SMEs to large firms, both in terms of the size of individual SMEs (medium‐sized and small versus micro) and in terms of the share of the SME sector in the economy.


Provides a review and analysis of literature on the conceptualisation and measurement of community strength and its outcomes and places this information in an analytical framework, identifying the commonalities and differences between various approaches to these issues.


The community and individual dimensions of morality are problematic especially in communitarian ethics. Bénézet Bujo's work is presented in this essay as a way to reconcile the individual and communal aspects in African communitarian ethics. The central role of the community in shaping an African ethics, from Bujo's perspective, does not in any way negate the sanctity and inviolability of the individual person as a moral agent. African palaver is not useless talk but an inclusive moral discernment process in a community. From a critical study of Bujo's African Christian ethics, the essay evaluates the relevance of his work in contemporary African contexts while also questioning the historical context and the cultural homogeneity presumed. Further, African communitarian ethics is viewed as a viable alternative to western subjectivist ethics and ethical theories applied in Christian ethics.


The history of anti-epileptic medication is dominated by the discovery of the activity of three products: potassium bromide, employed towards the middle of the 19th Century, phenobarbital, beginning with 191 3, revolutionizing therapy by its anti-convulsant action, and diphenylhydantoin, due to the important work of H. H. Memtt and T. J. Putnam in 1937, was discovered thanks to the perfection of pharmacodynamic tests utilizing the protective action of medication against experimental convulsive seizures. The path from now on was open to research which has been flourishing. On its part the clinic made the precious acquisition of electro-encephalography. In spite of these irnportant means of investigation the pharmaceutic preparations available to the medical profession are limited in quantity. But such scarcity in choice of anticonvulsant substances is explained Z one considers the different obstacles that the investigators must surmount. The chemotherapy of epilepsy is symptomatic and of long duration. The ideal medication must be efficient but also must be well tolerated and of low cost. This perfection has not been achieved. Several products produce secondary reactions which are sometimes grave and can be used only with the reservations mentioned by their manufacturers. In most cases, for example, it is recommended: To give progressively increasing doses in order to achieve the optimal dose. To accomplish slowly, and in stepwise fashion, the substitution of another antiepileptic. To observe the patient constantly in terms of secondary phenomena which are variously noted by examinations of urine, of the blood formula, or hepatic function tests. We shall present the large series of pharma-ceutic specialties under discussion in the order in which they appeared in therapy: bromide derivatives, barbiturates, and new synthetic products. We will defer the discussion of recent medications in order to emphasize, insofar as pssible, the parental ties between their structure and their pharmacodynamic properties. We do not attempt to give a complete list of the specialties used in treatment of epilepsy. We have made a choice among the many products, especially of the bromide derivatives or with barbiturate bases.


It introduces the materials selection,calculating methods and design processes of high-frequency and high-power transformers used in the switching mode power supply.An example of high-frequency and high-power transformers used in the charger is presented,and the designed transformer is proved to match the practical circuits.


This paper proposes a novel method to find quantitative association rules by clustering the transactions of a database into clusters and projecting them into the domains of the quantitative attributes to form meaningful intervals which may be overlapped.Experimental results show the method can efficiently find quantitative association rules,and can find important association rules which may be missed by the previous algorithms.


Most of people living in Shangnan country of Shaanxi province have immigrated from Anqing cityof Anhui province,so they speak Manzi Dialect.According to source of population relevant dialectmaterials and historical document data,studies the origin of wordings on Manzi dialect,describes it sphonological features,and merges Manzi dialect into Huaiyue clusters of Gan dialect.


Load frequency stability is an important power quality index in power system, any sudden load disturbance will cause the system load frequency deviation, and as the power system becomes more complex, the difficulty of control is also increasing, it is necessary to find a more appropriate control method. Considering that the load frequency control system model has the characteristics of multi-variable and strong coupling, combines the superior anti-interference and anti-coupling ability of the active disturbance rejection control, a novel scheme for power system load frequency control was presented based on the principle of active disturbance rejection control and effective open-loop transfer function. The simulation results show that the proposed method is simple tuning and strong decoupling ability, and provides a successful control of load frequency.


The results of dissecting analysis of 'Zuoyouhong' grape during maturation period in 2009 showed that the nutrion content of a whole grape tree was,N 30.67 g,P 17.24 g,K 30.31 g,Ca 47.74 g,Mg 4.8 g,Fe 0.88 g.It accounted for 0.755%,0.410%,0.719%,1.136%,0.114%,0.021% of dry tree weight respectively.N,P accumulation amount in leaves was the most,N 8.47 g,P 3.34 g,it cccounted for 27.62%,19.37% of the total N,P content respectively,K was the most in fruit,14.28 g,accounted for 47.26% of the total.It needed N 520.71 g,P 274.76 g,K 580.95 g,Ca 703.57 g,Mg 70.95 g,Fe 12.14 g for 100 kg fruit yield a year.And the ration was 10.0∶4.7∶11.1∶13.5∶1.36∶0.23.


The paper develops the model of strategic trade policy and examines two parts trade policy under asymmetric information when cost is a private information. We present a model with screemng and signalling characteristics when firms compete in a Cournot fashion. The study aims at improving our understanding of the link between government interventions — the optimal mix of trade policy instruments under asymmetric information — and competition in the home goods market.


It is a necessity to often educate the Party leaders in World view,philosophy of life and values under the new historical condition according to the request of"Three Represents",which should be put through out the whole process of the construction of our socialist construction.


The upper gastrointestinal tract receives an extensive afferent innervation via both the splanchnic and vagus nerves. At the level of the diaphragm some 30,000 to 50,000 vagal afferent fibres exist, representing between 70 and 95% of the total number of fibres depending upon animal species (Gabella and Pearse, 1973; Mei, et al., 1980; Pretchl and Powley, 1990). In the major splanchnic nerves the proportion of afferent fibres is considerably less contributing only 10 to 20% of a total count of around 20,000 fibres in the cat (Kuo, et al., 1982). These afferents provides the basis for reflexes which adjust motility and secretion to the digestive needs of the individual, mediate behavioural responses associated with food intake, nausea and vomiting, and are also the source of sensations of gastrointestinal origin. A knowledge of impulse generation in visceral afferents is therefore integral to our understanding of the mechanisms which regulate gastrointestinal function. In this respect the subject of gastrointestinal mechanoreceptors takes in many aspects of visceral muscle activity and its control. In this paper I will specifically consider the morphological arrangement of the afferent endings and the relationship with neural and endocrine structures within the gut wall which determine the stimulus-response characteristics of the sensory afferents.


This text examines the economic results of the Thatcher and Major years, compares them with the rest of Europe, and concludes that the best option for Britain or any other economy is free-market policies. The nature of a free-market economy in a broad sense is also examined to see what benefits over long time-periods it gives to its citizens: ability to accumulate wealth and skills over generations; freedom; mobility across income groups and place; and financial and other voluntary mechanisms for insurance. The author argues that, when people gain a true understanding of the general benefits, most are unlikely to want them prejudiced by intervention and redistribution. Finally, the book assesses the competitive prospects of UK business, at a time when former second and third world countries that have embraced market economics are now emerging rapidly and competing aggressively against the likes of the UK.


Biological soil crusts (BSCs) form the most productive microbial biomass in manyare highly important communities in drylands and disturbed areas worldwide, where the higher vegetation is sparse, with a diverse microalgal community as key component. They conductperform important ecological functions, such as stabilization of soil and nutrient enrichment of nutrients.. In temperate regions, BSCs are also common, but generally less studied. Changes in land use and itsland use 15 intensity strongly influence biodiversity per se and its role for ecosystem processes, as can be seen particularly in regions which are densely populated regions like Europe. AnyhowHowever, systematic studies on the effect of land use (gradients, i.e. forest management intensity) gradients in temperate forests, on BSCs are missing up to now. To close this gap of knowledge gap and enhance the understanding of management effects on BSCs, eukaryotic microalgae and cyanobacteria as key primary producers of these communities were identified from pine and beech forests under different management regimes., key primary 20 producers of these communities (eukaryotic microalgae and cyanobacteria) were studied. Phototrophic microorganisms were identified morphologically based on enrichment cultivation and categorized as either coccal taxa, which occur typically occur in high diversity, or filamentous taxa, which have the potential to initiate BSC formation. In total, 51 algal species were recorded, most of them from the phylum Chlorophyta, followed by Streptophyta and Stramenopiles, and only 1 cyanobacterial taxon could be observed.. The most abundant crust-initiating filamentous algae were three species of Klebsormidium 25 (Streptophyta), a ubiquitous genus often associated with regularly occurring in BSCs worldwide because of their generallyits broad ecophysiological tolerances such as to low pH.tolerance. Increasing management intensity in the forests resulted in higher numbersnumber of algal species, especially the number of coccal taxa roseincreased. Furthermore, the proportion of inorganic phosphorus showed tendencies towards a negative correlation with the number of algal species. Thus, management of forests has an impact on the diversity of phototrophic organisms in BSCs, which might in turn affect their biogeochemical 30 P cycling in the BSC.


The electromechanical properties of the amorphous In–Zn–Sn–O (IZTO) film deposited at various substrate temperatures were investigated by bending, stretching, twisting, and cyclic bending fatigue tests. Amorphous IZTO films were grown on a transparent polyimide substrate using a pulsed DC magnetron sputtering system at different substrate temperatures ranging from room temperature to 200 °C. A single oxide alloyed ceramic target (In2O3: 80 wt %, ZnO: 10 wt %, SnO2: 10 wt % composition) was used. The amorphous IZTO film deposited at 150 °C exhibited an optimized electrical resistivity of 5.8 × 10−4 Ω cm, optical transmittance of 87%, and figure of merit of 8.3 × 10−3 Ω−1. The outer bending tests showed that the critical bending radius decreased as substrate temperature increased. On the other hand, in the inner bending tests, the critical bending radius increased with an increase in substrate temperature. The differences in the bendability of IZTO films for the outer and inner bending tests could be attributed to the internal residual stress of the films. The uniaxial stretching tests also showed the effects of the internal stress on the mechanical flexibility of the film. The bending and stretching test results demonstrated that the IZTO film had higher bendability and stretchability than the conventional ITO film. The IZTO film could withstand 10,000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 10 mm. The effect of the surface roughness on the mechanical durability of all IZTO films was very small due to their very smooth surfaces.


Labial adhesions are generally observed in the premenarchal and postmenopausal period. They are rarely seen in adulthood. Here, two labial fusion cases in the reproductive period are discussed. In the first case, 38-year-old virgin woman presented with anuria to the emergency unit. On her physical examination, labia were fused totally including periurethral area. His history revealed that she was mentally retarded and had primary amenorrhea. She had poor selfcare. On her genital examination, she had secondary sexual characteristics, including axially-pubic hair and breast development at Tanner stage-5. In her surgical treatment, the labia were overturned and a well-defined introitus was constituted. After the operation, topical estrogen prescribed. In second case, a forty-two year old woman with Behçet's disease presented with dysuria and difficulty in voiding for about one month. Her obstetric examination revealed that she had two vaginal births. On pelvic examination, genital ulcer was determined on the labium. Besides, adhesion almost completely fused into the bilateral labia minora. For surgical treatment, manual separation technique was used under general anesthesia. After the operation, topical steroid was prescribed. Labial adhesions are observed, especially in the premenarchal period. However, they may be very rarely seen in the reproductive period due to local inflammation and circulating low estrogen levels. Topical estrogens, topical steroids, oral estrogen treatment, manual separation under anesthesia or without anesthesia, sharp or blunt dissection under anesthesia are alternative treatment methods. The success rates of these treatment methods exceed 90%. Besides, the recurrence rate varies between 4% and 20% with manual and sharp dissection methods.


The possibility of using two-stage schemas for describing oscillations in heterogeneous catalytic reactions considering change of concentration as the basic and intermediate substances is investigated.


Processed cheeses have always aroused great interest and liking in a significant part of the population. They can be used for business trips, numerous picnics, and to prepare many dishes that could not be done without them. Another advantage of processed cheeses is their low cost. Therefore, in modern nutrition, processed cheeses have occupied a significant part of the food basket for a long time. The use of processed cheeses makes it possible to significantly expand not only the assortment of these products but also to improve the content of nutrients and the active, therapeutic and preventive role of food. The work aimed to develop sweet processed cheese recipes for medical and preventive purposes with cryopowder "Vynograd". Scientific research was carried out in the conditions of the scientific laboratory of the department of technology of milk and dairy products of the Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv and in production. The proposed technological scheme for the production of this product. The main organoleptic and technical characteristics of sweet processed cheese with cryopowder domestically produced "Vynograd" were studied. Experimental samples of processed cheese kept a delicate, elastic consistency, had a shine on the outside, and had a characteristic original taste and smell (fresh and sweet). The color of the test samples was light gray, with red-black and white inclusions of various sizes. The test samples had a crust outside and a solid ointment-like mass on the cross-section. The mass fraction of fat in the dry matter in the product was 28.0 %. The experimental cheese samples were characterized by the mass fraction of moisture – 29.8 %; sucrose – 24 %. The pH of experimental pieces of processed cheese with cryopowder was 5.6, respectively. The vitamin composition of the processed sweet cheese with Phyto-additive "Grapes" was also evaluated. Experimental samples with "Vynohrad" cryopowder are characterized by increased indicators of the biological value of the product. Testing samples of combined types of processed cheese preserved technological characteristics and regulatory safety indicators during the regulatory storage time.


Writing is become the one of difficult skill to learn especially in EFL context. Students have problems when formulating words while doing writing assignments. This very important to investigate student problem while do writing especially on lexical choice that student utilize in writing descriptive. The corpus can also be used for examines sentence writing structure and word selection that can be seen and synchronized very effectively. The importance of this research is to be able to know the capacity of students when doing writing task and how their writing product can be better. it can be ascertained that from student writing samples that have been analyzed, there are 10.2% high frequency, 2.5% mid frequency, and 87.3% low frequency. This identifies that in writing students still tend to use familiar words to make a sentence. Based on the aspects of discovery that have been mentioned, students' ability to write still needs to be improved again, especially in the selection of several adjectives and pronouns.


The paper explains the concept of the field and the isomorphizm , and proves the isomorphic relationships of the couple of ordered real numbers , 2 by 2 demensional vectors and the matrice . It also points out that the special couple of ordered real numbers and 2 by 2 demensional vectors and the matrice all can be defined as the complex number field .


T HIS essay concerns the way two men, Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas More, in two books, 11 Principe and Utopia, used a few words. It argues in effect that the peculiar ways in which these men worked at the loom of language indicates that they stood in a peculiar relation to the fabric of imperatives of their own time. The loom of language provides men with the words and word patterns by means of which they communicate with one another. By processes so complex as to require a separate branch of the science of linguistics for their explication, words and patterns of words undergo a great variety of changes under a wide variety of circumstances with the passage of time. By glacially slow modifications of an ancient tongue whole new language families evolve. Words come to point to things they did not formerly designate, or cease to point to things they did designate. New words are created


A display apparatus, a multi display system including the same, and a control method thereof are provided. The display apparatus includes a display configured to display a first image corresponding to a first image signal on a main screen, and a second image corresponding to a second image signal on a picture in picture (PIP) screen overlapping an area of the main screen. The display apparatus further includes a communication interface configured to transmit and receive information of a movement of the PIP screen to and from another display apparatus, and a controller configured to control the display to move the PIP screen based on the information.


Measurements have been made of the velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic plate mode waves in Ti${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, Ti${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$, and Ti${\mathrm{S}}_{0.5}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{1.5}$ between 4 and 300 K. Ti${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ exhibits large anomalies associated with the occurrence of a charge-density-wave transition near ${T}_{c}=200$ K. Measurements of the expansion coefficient and of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-axis uniaxial stress dependence of ${T}_{c}$ have also been made, and these measurements, together with other data in the literature, are discussed in terms of the Ehrenfest relationships. A large discrepancy is observed between results obtained from thermal expansion and those obtained from elastic properties. The temperature dependence of the velocity in Ti${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ below ${T}_{c}$ is accounted for by an anharmonic contribution and an electron-phonon contribution, which reflects the opening of an energy gap on the Fermi surface by the charge-density wave. Above ${T}_{c}$, the velocity changes are found to be affected by fluctuations over a wide temperature range and it is suggested that these fluctuations are associated with the phonon mode softening near the $L$ point of the Brillouin zone as ${T}_{c}$ is approached. Reduced-dimensionality effects are suggested.


We performed a computational study to calculate the quadrupole coupling constants(CQ) and isotropic and anisotropic chemical shielding (CSI and CSA) parameters in the aluminum doped (Al-doped) single-walled boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The adsorption behavior of the SCN and NCS adsorbed on the external surface of H-capped (6,0) zigzag (Al-doped, BNNT) as a functional group, calculated for the optimized structures, was also studied by using DFT calculations. Geometry optimizations were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. Comparison with the available data on the pristine Al-BNNT reveals the influence of (Al-BNNT) on the CQ, CSI and CSA parameters of 11-B, 14-N and 15-N atoms in the AlBNNT structures. For most lattice sites, the magnitude of influence on the CQ, CSI and CSA parameters of the Al-NCS is larger than that of the Al-SCN adsorbed on the external surface of H-capped (6,0) zigzag (Al-doped, BNNT). Similar values of the CQ, CSI and CSA parameters of 27-Al atoms are obtained for zigzag Al-BNNT when the same element is replaced with Al, but the CQ, CSI and CSA parameters are larger for Al when it forms a B-Al-NCS bond than when it forms a B-Al-SCN bond.


This study aimed to identify the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of elementary school students in Buleleng District on climate change. Data were collected with a Guttman-scale questionnaire (true-false) for the knowledge domain and Likert scale for attitude and behavior. The area of knowledge consists of four aspects: the fundamental concept aspect (20 statements), the cause (13 comments), the impact (8 comments) as well as mitigation and adaptation (10 statements) while the attitude domain with 12 statements and the behavior of 11 statements. The survey was conducted on 153 students of fourth, fifth, and sixth grade from three different public schools. The results of this study revealed that the majority of participants show moderate levels for understanding basic concepts, impacts, mitigation, and adaptation, but unfortunate for the causes of climate change. Overall, the majority of respondents indicated moderate levels of knowledge of climate change, whereas in attitude but behavior were good. The results concluded that students' literacy on climate change needs to be improved primarily through teaching strategies on relevant materials to foster awareness of action on climate change mitigation and adaptation from an early age.


Topical application of retinoic acid (RA, 0·1 and 0·3% in a cream base) in psoriasis over 3 weeks showed that low therapeutic effect and frequent irritation limit considerably its usefulness in this disease. Of twenty treated patients, six had irritation warranting discontinuation of therapy, thirteen showed improvement, but none cleared completely. However, the therapeutic value was increased and the incidence of irritation was reduced if corticosteroids (CO) were added to RA. Of twenty‐four patients treated with RA + CO, eighteen were improved and four cleared completely. Combined treatment seemed also to be more effective than CO alone in the same vehicle.


Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic-based cardiomyopathy and its prevalence ranges from 0.02 to 0.23% in adults. 1 As it is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young, 2 different risk scores have been proposed to properly identify patients that would benefit from a primary prevention with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines suggest using the HCM Risk-SCD Calculator that incorporates age, extent of left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial size, left ventricular outflow gradient, family history of SCD, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, and unexplained syncope to predict five-year SCD risk. 1 These guidelines mention the potential utility of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) mainly in the case of poor echo windows, while the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines rec-ognize the possible value of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) for SCD risk stratification, but they do not include it among the major risk factors. 2 The aim of the present study-level meta-analysis was to explore the prognostic value of LGE at CMR for adverse fatal events. The protocol of this study was registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42019136013). Electronic databases were searched for studies that investigated the prognostic value of LGE in patients with HCM. The process was performed according to the PRISMA statement. 3 Two authors extracted data on patient characteristics and outcomes. The outcomes of interest were SCD or aborted SCD,


Necessary extremum conditions for optimization problem on the minimum of a functional specified at the right-hand end of the trajectory of differential inclusion with aftereffect are obtained. The constraints, specified at the left-hand end of the trajectory, imply that the initial function belongs to some rnultivalued mapping. The problem is considered at the fixed interval of time


Zhang Wei,who always insists on an elite position,provides us with a few characters in his novels who persistently seek their spiritual homeland.The leading characters in Clan and Baihui adhere to the last spiritual homeland all the time and insist on the aloof moral idealism.Chunyu Yang,a character in Why We do not Forget Holyhock,starts his pilgrimage journey though he does not know where the end is.By these characters,we can understand the hard course of intellectuals in seeking their spiritual homeland.Their existence indicates that heroism and idealism still survive in the blood of Chinese intellectuals after 1990s.


The albacore Thunnus alalunga longline fishery is one of the important fisheries in the Pacific Ocean. According to the collected catch data of the albacore,sea surface temperature(SST) derived from satellite 3-level production and literatures,the distribution of albacore longline fishery grounds and its relationship with SST were analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively by using GIS technology. The results showed that the distribution of longline albacore fishing-grounds was latitudinal zones,and mainly located in the area of 25~40°N. The average SST and median SST of albacore longline fishing-grounds were 23.6℃ and 24.5℃ respectively.In addition,average SST of most fishing grounds was 16~28℃. The distribution curve of SST was a negative skew and the distribution curve of catch was a positive skew. Variation of the average CPUE and the average yields were similar and they were the highest when the SST was between 18~20℃. The catch of fishing is different at lower SST area(16~23℃) and higher SST area(24~27℃) ,but mainly distributed at lower SST area(16~23℃) . There was a correlation between CPUE of albacore and PDO index by time series analysis.


The article focuses on the application of non-linear cavitation-wave processes in the technology of drilling fluids preparation. In processing the dispersion system is divided into four zones: the active solid phase dispersing, the transitional zone, wave and hydrodynamic coagulation zone and sustainable structural and rheological solid mud equilibrium. Consequently in the drill- ing fluid forms a finely dispersed structure, filtrate return reduces, sedimentation stabil- ity increases, the static shear stress, the effective viscosity of the solution, abrasivity of drilling fluid reduces, well strengthening process is accelerating.


Like the field of cultural production in general, the German literary field has underwent major transformations since the 1960s. The interactions between the subfield of niche production and the subfield of mass production have become frequent. This article thus analyzes this intermediary space, in which esthetic values internal to the field, entertainment functions and criteria of economic success are hybridized. Using the German literary field and its evolution since the 1990s, it foregrounds a new dynamic defined by a horizontal logic blending cultural capital and economic capital. In order to do so, it introduces the concept of "middle-brow literature," patterned after the concept of "middle-brow art" defined by Pierre Bourdieu. It is indeed possible to see parallels between photography in the 1960s and contemporary literature, as the latter also oscillates between form and function. Its capacity for transmission and reproduction differentiate it from high-brow art, while it remains also distinct from popular culture.


We report the results of hot electron electroluminescence (EL) experiments carried out on p-i-n GaAs/AlGaAs single barrier tunneling structures. The EL spectra show peaks arising from recombination of both ballistic and intervalley-scattered electrons with neutral acceptors in the p-type collector region. From the relative intensities of these EL features we have obtained direct spectroscopic measurements of the Γ-L and Γ-X intervalley scattering times for high energy ballistic electrons in GaAs.


Influence of host plant changing on the development of Tetranychus urticas Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae): consequence of mite infestation in Citrus fields. Changes of hosts in T. urticae is associated with notorious lost of reproduction potentialities. At 25°C, the fecundity of females which are always reared on Solanum nigram (75.7 eggs) fell to 1.07 eggs when they were reared on Citrus. It is the same for the longevity of females in this mite. The females permanently feeding on Citrus have a longevity of 16.9 days compared with only 9 days in females from Solanum nigrum that were transferred to Citrus. Similar changes operated at 20°C produce the same results. The practical consequences of these experiences on the swarming of mites in the field of Citrus were analysed.


LPG that produced by PT. Pertamina (Persero) unit Pengolahan I Pangkalan Brandan cames from natural gas. LPG usually used by people for industry and home needs. Most of high-end community prefer to consume to fuel oil, outfil legible job decay (durable) bat need big investment(because the storages of LPG or LPG bottle is expensive). Most of LPG consumption for north sumatera consumer supplied by PT. Pertamina (Persero) Unit Pengolahan I Pangkalan Berandan. For maintaining LPG continuity, so demand forecasting is a neccessary for the future. Considering the decline of LPG production, which caused by natural trend linier gas reserver. To predict the demand in the demand in the future, it can count using and Exponential Smoothing forecasting method. Exponential Smoothing forecasting method that used is double Exponential Smoothing forecasting method and then parameter estimate to get the minimum (Mean Square Error).  From the calculation forecasting method, Double Exponential Smoothing forecassting method can give the minimum MSE price with one parameter 0,1 and for Depot Tandem UPMS I Medan in 2010 is79.740,414 kiloliter.Keywords : Eksponential Smoothing Methode , forecasting


Owing to the low occurrence of public transport accidents, most existing studies have focused on improving the traffic safety of passenger cars. However, traffic accidents related to public transport should also be investigated for the safety of public transport users, particularly the vulnerable ones. This study analyzed the behavioral factors affecting passenger fall incidents on buses to enhance the safety of public bus passengers. This study considered potential influential factors, such as acceleration, deceleration, braking, and steering maneuvers, calculated using data from digital tachographs installed on the buses. Negative binomial and Poisson lognormal regression models were built using the Bayesian method. The two models yielded similar results. In all cases, deceleration-related behavioral factors (abrupt deceleration and abrupt stop) significantly influenced passenger fall incidents. The findings from this study are significant for establishing effective strategies to reduce fall incidents by providing safety education to bus drivers.


Single photon emission computed tomographic bone scintigraphy (bone SPECT) was performed in 16 patients with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis to compare inflammatory changes in the maxillary sinus wall including the alveolar process (bony lesions) before and after conservative therapy. Morphologic changes in bony lesions as evaluated by bone SPECT images correlated with those of the maxillary sinus mucosa (mucosal lesions) as evaluated by CT images. Morphologic changes in the bony lesions also correlated with changes in inflammatory activity in the maxillary alveolar process as functionally evaluated by bone SPECT before and after conservative therapy. Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis is considered a disease in which maxillary alveolitis causes mucosal lesions as well as bony lesions. Changes in alveolitis are associated with morphologic changes in bony lesions after conservative therapy, and these changes affect the pathophysiologic nature of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. Bone SPECT is valuable for predicting outcome and treatment planning in patients with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis.


Excerpt Although sporadic cases of blastomycosis are found throughout the United States and Canada, the disease has been reported most frequently from the Mississippi Valley and the southeastern st...


Abstract Growth factors produced in the uterine endometrium are considered to be involved in the proliferation of the mouse uterine stromal cells induced by estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P). The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), one of EGF-related growth factors, on the proliferation of mouse uterine stromal cells was studied in a serum-free culture. The growth of the uterine stromal cells was measured by MTT assay. EGF was found to increase the number of uterine stromal cells in a dose-dependent manner. The DNA-replicating cells were investigated using the immunocytochemical detection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled cells. EGF and TGF-α increased the percentage of BrdU-labeled cells in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of the combination of E2 (10−9 M) and P (10−7 M) for 2 days increased the percentage of BrdU-labeled cells 2.3-fold. The stimulatory effect of EGF, TGF-α and the combination of E2 and P on DNA replication in the uterine stromal cells was repressed by RG-13022 (10−5 M, the inhibitor of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase). RT-PCR analysis of EGF-receptor-, TGF-α-, and EGF-mRNA was carried out in the cultured uterine stromal cells, and revealed the expression of those mRNAs. These data supported the hypothesis that uterine endometrial stromal growth induced by sex steroids required the EGF family of ligands such as EGF and TGF-α, both produced in the stromal cells, acting for DNA synthesis through EGF receptors.


Objective To investigate the high-risk factors of surgical site infections(SSIs) in patients having general surgery. Methods Perspective study was performed to analyze the factors exerting impact on SSIs and to identify the high-risk factors. Results The incidence of SSIs following general surgery was 6.51% in our hospital. The infection rate for type Ⅰ incision was 1.2%,and that for type Ⅱ and Ⅲ was 1.2% and 12.15%,respectively. The high-risk factors for SSIs was identified to be age,obesity,diabetes,classification of incisions,and operation time,with OR values of 9.5,11.3,9.8,9.6,10.5,respectively(P0.05) . Conclusion To strengthen monitoring and regulation of risk factors can reduce the incidence of SSIs.


The Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated technological transformation in education. Online learning has become a new culture in education that brings significant changes in the intersubjective relationship between educational actors, which was originally full of warmth but has now turned into formality due to distance meetings. This research aims to reveal the ways of relationship that occur between teachers and students and their consequences in online learning practices. The study used a phenomenological approach by collecting data through interviews with 11 teachers and 11 students and observing the online learning process conducted through various applications. The results of the study showed a weakening of the intersubjective relationship between teachers and students. Distance meetings have turned into mere formalities and emptiness. The closeness and warmth between teachers and students are diminishing and filled with emptiness. The interactions that exist are filled with deceit and fraud. In online learning, teachers and students negotiate and compromise on the learning to be conducted amidst all the limitations of distance learning. The consequence is widespread pragmatism towards technology, with students feeling lonely and isolated, and academic dishonesty increasing. In the end, there is a restriction of relationships and a tendency to prioritize mechanisms of silence as a compromise for the loss of true reality in the teacher-student relationship.


The social issue of immigrants' dual loyalty figures prominently in the 2016 U.S. presidential primaries, yet little is known about Americans' views on the subject. Drawing on data from a nationally representative telephone survey, the authors specifically explored nonimmigrant Americans' attitudes toward immigrants' dual loyalty. The results show that attitudes toward this dual loyalty are informed by multiple boundary-making processes, including the extent to which respondents strongly believe that immigrants should celebrate American values and traditions and share their vision of America, that immigration should be restricted as much as possible, and that American influence in the world is important.


The purpose of this study was to compare shopping performance using the 4-item test, between three types of environments; a real environment (small, in-hospital "cafeteria"), a store mockup (physical simulation) and a virtual environment (Virtual Interactive Shopper-VIS), in a post-stroke group compared to a control group. To date, 5 people with stroke and 6 controls participated in the study. Participants performed the original 4-item test ("buy" 4 items) in the VIS and the store mock-up as well as a modified 4-item test ("buy" 4 items with budget constraints) in all three environments. Results were analyzed descriptively and findings to date, indicate that the post-stroke group performed more slowly than the control group. In addition, in both groups, the time to complete the test within the VIS was longer than in the store mockup and the cafeteria. Performance in the VIS, the store mock-up and the cafeteria were correlated in the post-stroke group. Finally, participants' responses to their experience in the VIS were positive. The preliminary results of this small sample show that the test within the VIS is complex and realistic and may be used to assess and train the higher cognitive abilities required for shopping.


Indefinite retention is now considered essential to prevent relapse after orthodontic treatment. Compliance with removable retainer wear is suboptimal and appears to decline with time post-treatmen...


In the field of micromachining, micro electrical discharge machining (MEDM) is an important and perfect machining method for high rigid or high wearable materials, which is better than traditional methods of machining. MEDM technology is used to manufacture on-line electrodes and then minimum micro shafts with diameter of 15μm were made with these electrodes. A series of different micro-holes (e.g. Φ40μm、Φ50μm、Φ60μm) on pieces of molybdenum were manufactured with different parameters. Wastage of electrode rule was also studied.


The ideology of library management plays a crucial role in the development of libraries.The ideology has changed with the development.The ideology in the knowledge-based economy times is discussed and new point of view is put forward.


Abstract : Government-wide testing of COBOL compilers is the responsibility of the Federal COBOL Compiler Testing Service, an activity of the Department of the Navy's Automatic Data Processing Equipment Selection Office, Software Development Division. In May 1974, the American National Standards Institute approved ANS Programming Language COBOL, X3.23-1974 as the national standard for the COBOL language. Specifications for this revision were drawn from USA Standard COBOL X3.23-1968 and the CODASYL COBOL Journal of Development, dated 31 December 1971. As a result, the Testing Service is engaged in the development of a COBOL Compiler Validation System for this new Standard, incorporating tests for the revised language into the existing 1968 COBOL Compiler Validation System. The first part of the paper focuses on the rationale behind changes from the '68 to '74 COBOL Standard as well as highlighting the new features in the language. The second part of the paper discusses evolution within the COBOL language itself with respect to the CODASYL COBOL Journal of Development and several other CODASYL language activities. (Author)


Objectives : This study was intended to isolate and identify and do antigen detection test for Streptococcus pneumonia e , Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilusinfluenzae type b from CSF samples in acute pyogenic meningitis. Material & Methods : Fifty CSF samples from patients with acute pyogenic meningitis were cultured and identified as per standard techniques. Antigen detection was done by using PASTOREX MENINGITIS kit (Bio-Rad France). Results : Majority were adults (64%), maximum were in the age group of 16-40 years (38 %). Only three Streptococcus pneumonia e grew in CSF samples but Hemophilusinfluenzae and Neisseria meningitidis did not grow. Antigen detection test positivity was 30%, maximum being Streptococcus pneumonia e (16%), followed by Neisseria meningitidis (10%) and Hemophilusinfluenzae (4%). It was significant than culture (p=0.002). Conclusion :  Antigen detection test of CSF sample is superior to culture in diagnosis of acute pyogenic meningitis, is rapid, easy to perform with not much expertise.


Recently, one industry, the grocery trade, came into conflict with the Department of Education and Science over correspondence courses. The Grocers' Institute was keen to meet an identified need for such courses leading to some nationally‐recognised examination. The DES withheld its support for the proposed scheme and the Grocers' Institute had to proceed on its own. Officialdom, it seems, does not like correspondence courses. But they are a necessary part of any national system which aims to give a comprehensive service. And they may become very important indeed since they are known to make a special appeal to the mature worker anxious to improve his position. This group of workers is seriously neglected by the conventional educational services. Official policy advances the point of view that students wishing to extend their education or develop their capacities should attend formal college courses. This is to make the system more important than the people it serves. It is interesting to note, also, that...


Mycorrhizas play a vital role in ecosystem function, diversity and productivity. However, mycorrhizas in tropical forests are considered to be a neglected area of research in contrast to the well-studied diversity patterns of macro organisms. To this end, soil samples from 0 to 30 cm in depth were collected from six or four elevations in a typical tropical forest of Mt. Jianfeng and Mt. Diaoluo in China. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) diversity and community composition were explored among different elevations based on high-throughput barcoded sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Environmental variables of soil characteristics, and elevation on AMF community assembly were analyzed using canonical correspondence analysis. In total, 316 AMF operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found to belong to four identified and one unclassified order, and Glomus was the most dominant genus in tropical forest. AMF communities or diversity did not clearly reflect local environmental conditions, the spatial distance between mountains and elevation. In total, 68% and 56% of taxa of AMF were observed on multiple elevations in Mt. Jianfeng and Mt. Diaoluo, respectively. Furthermore, 8.9% and 19% of OTUs were exhibited on all elevations in Mt. Jianfeng and Mt. Diaoluo, respectively. The AMF alpha diversity, richness and evenness were similar across the two surveyed tropical mountains. The influence of elevation showed no distinct role on the diversity of AMF taxa. Overall, AMF communities and diversity are abundant in tropical forests and with little influence of elevation in tropical forests of China.


To identify and compare the genetic lesions associated with tumorigenesis in rats carrying the mammary carcinoma suppressor (MCS) 1 gene, we induced mammary carcinomas in (Wistar Furth (WF) × Copenhagen (Cop))F1 rats by using either 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) or radiation. The tumors were screened for allelic imbalances by using polymerase chain reaction and 65 polymorphic microsatellite markers spanning the genome. No allelic imbalance was detected at the mapped location of MCS‐1 on chromosome 2; however, a scan of the genome revealed random allelic imbalances in the radiation‐induced tumors. In addition, non‐random loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 1 in the DMBA‐induced tumors was documented. We then screened three other subsets of DMBA‐ and radiation‐induced mammary carcinomas from (WF × Fischer (F344))F1, (Wistar Kyoto×F344)F1, and (F344×Cop)F1 rats for imbalance on chromosomes 1 and 2. No allelic imbalance was detected in the MCS‐1 region of chromosome 2 in any of the tumors screened. Nonrandom imbalance on chromosome 1 was detected but only in the DMBA‐induced tumors from the (F344×Cop)F1 rats. Thus, only Cop‐derived F1 rats have mammary tumors with the chromosome 1 imbalance; however, the imbalance does not favor the Cop parental allele. We also analyzed the DMBA‐induced tumors with LOH at chromosome 1 for Ha‐ras codon 61 mutation and found no association. These results suggest that loss of the MCS‐1 Cop allele is not required for tumor formation, that the genetic background of the F1 rat appears to influence the type of genetic lesion identified in the mammary tumors, and that there is no association between Ha‐ras codon 61 mutation and chromosome 1 imbalance in our model system. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Domene (Lathromene) lusitanica n. sp. from Sico karstic massif in Portugal is described and compared with other species of the subgenus, representing the first hypogean rove beetle from mainland Portugal. A comparison between Domene lusitanica n. sp. and the other species of the Iberian endemic subgenus Lathromene is made using diagnostic characters. An identification key for the males of Lathromene species is presented, and biogeographical and ecological comments are also included. The species of Domene known from the Iberian Peninsula are listed and their distributions are mapped.


The notion of Sustainable Development (SD) has grown after publication of Brundtland Commission report in 1987 as it provides comprehensive definition and urges for SD. Being renewable natural resources and the prevalent widespread deforestation, sustainable forest resource management was taken at the forefront of each nation's national and international policy and negotiation forums. Forest certification is an emerging concept for the sustainable management of forest resources [1]. It encompasses two separate processes of the certification viz. Forest Management Certification (FMC) and the Chain-of-Custody Certification (CoC). FMC verifies whether forest products are obtained from the forest which is being managed in pre-defined standard of forest certification where CoC tracks forest products from extraction to the sale point to ensure that the forest products are originated from certified forest. Certification can be influenced by various factors including better working conditions, benefits, participation, property rights and traditional knowledge [2].


The invention discloses a tool for mounting a stopcock for an injection mold. The tool is characterized by comprising a mounting rod, a handle and a mounting head; the mounting head is arranged at one end of the mounting rod, the handle is mounted at the other end of the mounting rod, the section of the mounting head is rectangular, two sides at ends of the mounting head are respectively provided with a retractable claw hook, and an adjusting knob is arranged on the mounting rod and is connected with the claw hooks through pull wires. The tool has the advantages that the tool designed in combination with structural features of the inlaid stopcock can be used for mounting the stopcock to optional positions of a water delivery pipeline rapidly, effectively, conveniently and accurately, and the stopcock can be rapidly and effectively taken off; the tool is convenient to use, and efficiency can be greatly improved.


In order to achieve a leap in hospital development,Wuxi People's Hospital creatively introduced the method of enterprise project management three years ago,and classified its key technologies into hospital-controlled technologies,emblematic technologies,two representative technologies in each department and suitable technologies as the advanced technologies in hospital.The process of project management involved application,novelty search,program design review and the examination of the academic committee.The approved technology projects and their responsibility requirements were notified to the head of the department.Then the projects will receive monthly check,quarterly examination,year-end evaluation and rewarding to guarantee these technologies will be developed in a timely manner.The project management of medical technologies develops a new model for the technology management in hospital,and successfully established a new platform for hospital technologies.

Key words:
Medical technology;  Project management;  Hospital management


The invention discloses a resonant converter and a control method thereof. The resonant converter comprises a bridge type switching circuit, a resonance and voltage transformation circuit, a rectifier and filter circuit and an over-current protection circuit. The bridge type switching circuit receives a DC input voltage via a power end. The resonance and voltage transformation circuit is provided with at least one resonance capacitor, and the at least one resonance capacitor responds to the switching of the bridge type switching circuit to charge and discharge energy. The rectifier and filter circuit is used for rectifying and filtering the output of the resonance and voltage transformation circuit and generating a driving voltage accordingly. The over-current protection circuit is coupled to the power end and is connected to the two ends of the at least one resonance capacitor in a bridging mode to form a clamping path, the over-current protection circuit is configured to detect currents which flow through the resonance and voltage transformation circuit or a load, and thus whether the clamping path is connected to enable the cross voltage of the at least one resonance capacitor to be clamped within the first voltage range is decided according to detection results.


Early onset movement disorders are a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of disorders. Mutations in GNAO1 were first reported in patients with Ohtahara syndrome and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 17 (EIEE17). GNAO1 (guanine nucleotide-binding protein 1) encodes the α-subunit of a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Gαo) which is the most abundant membrane protein in the mammalian central nervous system. The early recognition of worsening extrapyramidal symptoms may facilitate intervention or prevent progression to status dystonicus. A dystonia severity and action plan (DSAP, grades 1–5) can be very useful in assessing the threat of status dystonicus. We report a case of a 12-year-old boy with GNAO1 mutation who presented with severe biballistic symptomatology with dystonic features (DSAP 3) and required emergency deep brain stimulation (DBS) to avoid life-threatening symptoms. The boy was first examined at the Department of Pediatric Neurology at the age of 2 years. The clinical course is summarized in Table 1. At the age of 12 years, the patient deteriorated after respiratory infection and worsening of extrapyramidal symptomatology with dominating biballism and dystonic features developed with the threat of status dystonicus (Video S1). He experienced almost continuous generalized ballistic movements combined with dystonic postures, which were very painful and limited his normal activity, feeding, or sleep (DSAP 3). The patient was hospitalized in the ICU with the necessity of muscle relaxation. The course of treatment is summarized in Table 1. Taking into consideration the seriousness of this condition, DBS of bilateral globus pallidus internus (DBS-GPi) was performed. The sedative medication was gradually tapered off over the next 14 days and his condition rapidly improved to DSAP 1 (Video S2). Half a year after DBS, motor functions returned to the condition before the brittle biballism-dystonia developed. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified a heterozygous missense variant in GNAO1 gene c.625 C > T; p. (Arg209Cys) previously described in the study by Koy et al. (2018) and considered as pathogenic. The mutation was absent in the patient's parents and considered as de novo. When pre-status dystonicus persists despite orally active antidystonia drugs and unsuccessful weaning from sedative or anesthetic agents, intrathecal baclofen or deep brain stimulation should be considered. Several case reports and one small series have been published in which DBS was effective in patients with a GNAO1 mutation. DBS may be effective due to its general effects in modulating aberrant synchronization in the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops. The effect of DBS in our patient was very fast, with the improvement to DSAP 1 in 14 days. The patient tolerated the stimulation very well; however, only 3 months after initiation he developed generalized epileptic seizure. It is uncertain whether this occurred as a result of DBS (potentially triggered by tapering off the medication during the switching on and adjusting the DBS parameters) or was merely a coincidence in a patient with a history of epilepsy. In any case, stimulation should be increased cautiously and mildly in patients with epilepsy. After the introduction of levetiracetam, no further seizures occurred. In patients with GNAO1 mutation and severe dystonia, GPiDBS could be a treatment option with life-saving potential.


1. Introduction New regulations governing the use of advertising and trading in the vicinity of the Olympic 'event zones' was introduced in December 2011. The London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (Advertising and Trading) (England) Regulations 2011 (the regulations) have been made under the authority of sections 19 and 25 of the London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006, as amended by the London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (Amendment) Act 2011, which received Royal Assent on 14th December 2011 (the Act). One can assume that the principle objective of the advertising regulations will be to reinforce the protection against the phenomenon of ambush marketing. Ambush marketing involves a business organisation's attempt to capitalise on the goodwill, reputation and popularity of an event, by creating an association with the event, without the authorisation or consent of the organisers (Scaria 2008, 29). (1) The privilege of affiliating the name of a business to a prestigious event is normally done so via sponsorship. The consequences of unauthorised association leads to consumer confusion, where an official sponsor is often deprived of the benefits that sponsorship agreements are designed to generate. Furthermore, the organisers also retain a duty to ensure that they protect the official sponsors, as a lack of protection can potentially lead to business organisations abstaining from providing sponsorship funding in the future. It has also transpired that sui generis legislation must be utilised for ambush marketing purposes, as intellectual property actions in the context of ambush marketing are often rendered futile. This is because successful actions often require factual evidence of infringement, which ambush marketers have become exceptionally astute at circumventing. For example, rarely will one see an ambush marketer utilise the five interlocked rings in any of their marketing campaigns. This paper will briefly outline the key advertising restrictions that have been introduced and will evaluate the legislature's 'gold-plating' element of the regulations - the introduction of a reversed presumption of guilt. (2) 2. Event Zones The event zones are now clearly identified utilising maps and coloured boundary lines (3). Such zones can be classified as the area within the immediate vicinity of the major Olympic venues. With regards to spectacles such as the marathon route, the regulations will apply to the various parks, roads and other land that the marathon passes. The regulations will prohibit advertisers from advertising on the tube and rail stations that are above ground and within the event zone and will also prevent advertisers from accessing the airspace immediately above an event zone for unauthorised advertising purposes. 2.1 Event Period It is also clear that the restrictions will only apply during the appropriate event period(s) (4). Such periods will generically revolve around the day prior to an event taking place, until the final day of events taking place in the event zone. Naturally, the event period for the Olympic Park will have the longest protection period, which will be protected for twenty two days, and a further thirteen for the Paralympics. 2.1.1 Advertising Activity The Regulations will interdict any advertising activity within the event zones, both on public and private land, that has not been prior authorised by the London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games (LOCOG). (5) Advertising activity includes the displaying, projecting, emitting, screening or exhibiting any kind of advertisement whether it is of a commercial or non-commercial nature. It also prevents the carrying or holding of an advertisement or any apparatus, on which the advertisement is displayed. The distribution of documents or articles for the purposes of promotion, advertisement, announcement or direction is also prohibited. …


This interview provides us with a good over view of the reported phenomenon. We are re minded, for instance, that there have been no test score declines in grades one through four but that the declines in scores have been greater at each successively higher grade level beginning with grade five. The interview also included a re view of possible explanations of this phenomenon including: (a) less effective teaching at the higher grades and the higher the grade the more ineffec tive the teaching; (b) aptitude tests are not as relevant at grades 11 and 12 as they are in earlier


We are focusing on the roles of p53 in human and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, and have identified chromatin interactions of p53 by genome wide, deep sequencing of chromatin immunoprecipitates. There are major differences between human and mouse stem cell response to DNA damage. To address mechanisms of endogenous p53 regulation in stem cells, we created a new mouse and stem cell model by knock‐in of a tandem‐affinity‐purification (TAP) epitope at the endogenous Trp53 locus. With this approach, we identified Tripartite‐motif protein 24 (Trim24), a previously unknown partner of p53. We found that Trim24 is an RING‐finger, E3‐ligase that ubiquitylates and negatively regulates p53 levels. TRIM24 is degraded and p53 is induced during differentiation of human ES cells, to effect a transient G1/S arrest in response to retinoic acid treatment. Depletion of TRIM24 in human ES cells causes spontaneous differentiation, in contrast to human breast cancer cells where TRIM24 depletion induces spontaneous apoptosis. TRIM24 has PHD and Bromo structural domains, and regulates p53 and p53‐dependent functions by chromatin‐dependent and–independent mechanisms. TRIM24 is aberrantly expressed in a number of human cancers and may be a useful therapeutic target.


In this article authors study the representations of friendship in late adulthood in relation to sex. The results of the content analysis of friendship definitions suggest that the representations of friendship are quite similar among men and women of that age group Also specific features of representations were identified. Emotional intimacy in friendship is more meaningful for women and communication and altruism are more meaningful for men.


Proper segregation, handling and disposal of medical waste is an imperative component on preventing potential risk for injury, infection, and environmental pollution. Globally there are well defined set of rules for handling medical waste but unfortunately, laxity and lack of adequate training and awareness in the execution of these rules can lead to serious health implications. Thus, the main objective for this study was to investigate the factors affecting segregation of waste in Chuka hospital. Specifically the study aimed at identifying the health care waste generated in the hospital, determining the knowledge level of health workers on waste segregation, assessing the attitude of staff on waste segregation and establishing the structural support towards waste segregation in the hospital. The study applied the descriptive research design and the target population was 330 comprising of doctors, nurses, other health workers and support staff drawn from Chuka level four hospital. The study employed the simple random sampling technique to get the study sample size. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 66 participant respondents as the study sample size. The research instrument for data collection was a questionnaire consisting both open-ended and closed-ended questions as per study variables. Reliability of the research instruments was tested and improved by use of test-retest method. Quantitative data was coded and analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for social Scientists) version 22 program. The descriptive statistics indices such as tables, frequencies distribution and percentages, pie charts and graphs were used to represent the data. The most common waste was the highly infectious waste infectious waste, sharps and the non-infectious waste which included food items, empty bottles for drinks, paper, and packaging material. Correct knowledge and safe practices of health care workers was very important when managing the health care waste. Few health care workers were trained on health care waste management and majority did not differentiate the different coded containers for disposing waste. The attitude of workers was aggravated by poor working condition, shortage of health care workers, overcrowded wards, poor communication and uncooperative behavior among some health care workers. There was a shortage of dust bines and bin liners in the hospital for waste segregation. In conclusion the hospital waste management practices should be improved at Chuka general hospital through training and provision of relevant equipment.


T. Blasberg: Coherent Raman scattering for optical detecti¬ on of NMR in Pr3+:YA103. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful and versatile spec¬ troscopic technique. However, conventional NMR requires samples, which has to consist of at least 1017 nuclear spins. One of the most promising approaches to increase the sensitivity of this method relies on the resonant interaction of laser fields with atoms. The main goal of this thesis was the investigation and the improvement of coherent Raman scattering techniques for an optical heterodyne detection of NMR. All ex¬ periments were performed at cryogenic temperatures on Pr3+-ions, which were added to the host lattice YAIO3 (YAP). The coherent Raman scattering experiments consist of two distinct stages: firstly, the transient or continuous excitation of a coherent superposition between two nuclear spin states and secondly, its optical detection through coherent Raman scattering of a resonant, frequency-tunable test laser field from this sublevel coherence. For the theoretical description of the experiments, coherent Raman scattering in multilevel atoms is discussed in detail and a common solution for the Raman heterodyne beat signal in pump-and-probe experiments is derived. The dynamics of a three-level atom that interacts with two resonant electromagnetic fields is treated making use of the density-matrix formalism. The method of Raman heterodyne detection of NMR uses a resonant radio frequency field to drive the magnetic-dipole transition between two nuclear spin states. This technique was used to determine the orientation of the nuclear quadrupole tensors of Pr3+ at its two non-equivalent lattice sites in YAP by measuring the dependence of the transition frequencies on the orientation of an external magnetic field. In the electronic ground state 3H4, the quantization axes of the nuclear spin eigenfunctions are ro¬ tated by po=±56.4° relative to the crystal b-axis. The corresponding rota¬ tion angle in the electronically excited state !D2 is Po=±105.2°. With this new value for the relative orientation of the quantization axes in both electronic states, the relative strengths of all 3H4 1D2 transitions could be calculated. The different orientation of the quantization axes in the two electronic states gives rise to a strong state mixing of the nuclear spin eigenfunctions and is the reason, why most of the optical transitions be¬ tween nuclear spin substates of different electronic states have similar oscillator strengths. Pr:YAP is therefore an ideal model system for the investigation of coherent Raman scattering. A new rf-optical triple-resonance experiment was developed that is a combination of Raman heterodyne detection of NMR and spectral holeburning. This technique allows the unambiguous determination of the ab¬ solute sign of nuclear quadrupole coupling constants. In the electronic ground state of PnYAP, the quadrupole coupling constant was found to be negative (D=-3.5289 MHz) being the result of dominant pseudoquadrupole contributions. The pump-and-probe technique, which uses a frequency-tunable test laser beam, was used to investigate the influence of an inhomogeneous broadening of the optical resonance line on Raman heterodyne detection of NMR. A hitherto unknown interference effect could be predicted and verified by the experiments. A prerequisite for this interference effect is that coherent Raman scattering in different opti¬ cal transitions can contribute to the total Raman heterodyne beat signal. These optical transitions represent different 'scattering pathways', whose contributions to the total beat signal can interfere destructively with each other, since the heterodyne beat signal depends linearly on the relevant transition matrix elements. The rf-optical triple resonance technique al¬ lows to circumvent this interference effect, since the frequency-tunable test laser field can be used to select only one of the various scattering pathways. A new and efficient excitation scheme was developed, which allows the observation of coherent Raman beats in systems with arbitrary wide sublevel spectra and small oscillator strengths. The method utilizes a bichromatic laser field for the purely optical excitation of a coherent superposition between two nuclear spin substates. For the preparation of the sublevel coherence, the two frequency components couple two different nuclear spin substates of the same electronic state to a different electronic state. With the help of the density-matrix formalism, the dyna¬ mics of a three-level atom during the bichromatic excitation were calcu¬ lated. Those experimental parameters could be identified that determine the excitation efficiency. While in the purely optical method of coherent Raman beats almost 10_1 of the incident test laser photons were coherent¬ ly Raman scattered, the corresponding figure of merit of Raman hetero¬ dyne detection of NMR was less man 10-3. From the decay of hole-burning spectra in the presence of a saturating rf-field the temperature-dependence of the nuclear spin relaxation rates of Pr:YAP was determined in the temperature range 3-9 K. At low tem¬ peratures, the relaxation is dominated by mutual spin flips whereas at higher temperatures Orbach and Raman relaxation become of importan¬ ce. A simple rate-equation model allowed to calculate the entire hole-bur¬ ning spectrum of the crystal.


Abstract: Neu–Laxova syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by microcephaly, limb contactures, lissencephaly and ichthyosis. A case of Neu–Laxova syndrome is presented, with a discussion of clinical manifestations, complications, and therapeutic interventions.


reform efforts undertaken during the reigns of early nineteenth-century emperors. Rather than dismissing this era as one of rule by "insufficient" leaders, this line of argument recasts the decades before the Opium War as a period of thoughtful engagement with the growing problems of the Qing imperium. Through a detailed exploration of Bao's sometimes idiosyncratic policy recommendations, Rowe highlights several critical issues in early nineteenth-century Chinese political economy. These include debates over the ability of the food supply to keep pace with population growth (Chapter 3), the increasingly dysfunctional grain tribute system (Chapter 4), the management of the state salt monopoly (Chapter 5), and the role of currency (Chapter 6). Underlying Bao's particular solutions to these practical issues, Rowe argues, is a precocious attempt to articulate and reconceptualize the "constitutional principles" (69-73) that undergirded the late imperial Chinese state. A willingness to rethink such principles connects Bao's oft-overlooked intellectual project with those of the better-studied reformist officials of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Written in an engaging style by an author who embraces the first-person voice, Speaking of Profit would fit well with advanced courses on modern Chinese history. Rowe provides ample material for classroom discussion in his trenchant descriptions of Bao, whom he describes as "cripplingly naïve" (105), a "self-taught technocrat" (127), optimistically believing that "solutions might still be found that would benefit all interests simultaneously" (149), and holding an "awkward combination of plain-folk populism and elite paternalism" (181). These insights, the product of Rowe's long career devoted to the study of Qing politics and society, provide a foundation for a complex and nuanced conversation about the nature of Qing—and perhaps even post-Qing—reform movements, in general. Although they do not detract from the overall value of the work, inaccuracies in the glossary of Chinese characters, such as the entry for Li Hongzhang (199), and romanization errors in the footnotes (footnote 17 on p. 6, for example) appear with distracting frequency.


ICARUS is the largest imaging LAr TPC ever operated. During its LNGS run on the CNGS neutrino beam, from 2010 to 2013, produced some thousands neutrino events of unprecedented quality. This was possible thanks its mechanical precision and stability, liquid argon purity and electronics front-end and DAQ. Actually ICARUS T600, in view of its operation at FNAL on the SBN neutrino beam, is undergoing a major overhauling that implies cathode mechanics improvement, additional PMTs installation and a new electronics front-end and DAQ. This electronics implements a new architecture, integrated onto the flange proprietary design, and a new front-end that improves S/N and induction signals treatment. This issue will be presented in detail together with data recently recorder at CERN in the FLIC, 50 litres, LAr facility.


Objective To investigate the predisposing role of HLA-DRB1 genes in pemphigus vulgaris(PV).Methods We used polymerase chain reaction-specific sequence primers method to type HLA-DRB1,DQB1 subregion in the patients with PV of Han nationality from Shandong Province and matched control subjects.Results The results demonstrated that DR4,DRB1*14(*1401,*1404,*1405)gene frequencies were significantly higher in PV than those in controls(Pc0.05).Further typing of DR4 positive subjects revealed that the gene frequencies of DRB1*0406 were significantly in PV patients compared with controls(P0.05).Conclusion The results suggested that HLA-DRB1*14 may be the susceptible haplotypes for PV patients in Chinese Han.


Zakah (the alm tax), as one of the five pillars of Islam, aims at poverty reduction and eradication among Muslim community.Similar to tax, understanding the issue of non-compliance is highly relevant to the context of Zakah as well. In Yemen, the proceeds from Zakah are considered low, probably due to compliance gap.Several studies have been conducted on the issues of Zakah compliance in some Islamic countries and most of the literature focused on employment income and saving, with less attention given to business Zakah.The core objective of this paper is to propose a framework for examining factors influencing the current level of Zakah compliance by business enterprises through the theory of planned behaviour.This paper provides a framework to researchers and guidance to the Zakah authorities to better understand the Zakah payer and eventually develop a more effective business Zakah compliance programs to encourage higher intention to pay Zakah among business owners.


In order to solve the problem of random delay in robot networked control system, an optimal predictive compensation control method is designed. The state observer is used to observe the joint position information of the robot at the current time, and it is sent to the control predictive generator. The predictive generator forecasts and calculates the control input at the later time, and optimizes the predictive result of the control input by rolling optimization. Finally, simulations are conducted on a two-joint robot networked control system. The simulation results show that the method can effectively compensate for the influence of random delay and packet disorder on the position tracking performance of the system.


The wavelet transform is defined for infinite-length signals. In practice we only have finite-length signals, so signals must be extended before they can be transformed. The question is how to extend the signal to minimize signal end effects, or how to find the signal extension that preserves the transform signal length. In this paper we discuss the problem of signal extension in perfect reconstruction filter banks.


This study aimed to examine the effect of coconut water Application with Different Concentration on Growth Masculinization and Survival Rate of  Platy Pedang (Xiphophorus helleri for masculinization of Betta splendens. This research used completely randomized design with four treatments that were distinguished by concrentation of coconut water, which were 10 ppm/L (P1) , 20 ppm/L (P2) , 30 ppm /L (P3) , and 4 0 ppm /L (P4) . The treatments were given by immersion to 40 embryos/L at eye spots phase or about 2-day after fertilization. The immersion process was done for 8 hours . The results showed that different concentration of coconut water had significant effect on male percentage of platy fish seed. However , different concentration of coconut water did not significantly effect on survival rate of platy fih seed. Highest male percentage was obtained in treatment of P3  ( 76,2 % , male) and lowest male  percentage was obtained in treatment of  P4 ( 45,1 % ). Highest  survival rate was obtained in treatment of  P3  ( 65 , 8 % ) and lowest survival was obtained in treatment of  P4 ( 60 ,1 % ).


Tables of Clebsch‐Gordan coefficients of SU (3) for the reduction of the product (λ, μ)⊗ (3, 0) of representations of SU(3) are constructed by use of the tensor method. Derivations of some crossing and symmetry relations for the SU3 Clebsch‐Gordan coefficients are given, and the Clebsch‐Gordan coefficients for the product (μ, λ)⊗ (0, 3) are related to those mentioned above. The phase convention used in compiling the tables is stated and explained.


Objectives: To determine the short‐term and long‐term effects of laser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP) on symptoms and polysomnographic measures in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Study Design: Prospective assessment of outcomes after LAUP in patients with OSAS. Methods: Fifty‐nine patients with OSAS underwent LAUP, and 36 completed postoperative sleep studies. Questionnaires ranking snoring and apneic symptoms were completed by the patient and bed partner before LAUP, 6 to 12 weeks after LAUP, and in the long term (>2 years). Results: The apnea index decreased from 14.4 to 5.8 (P = .0012), respiratory disturbance index (RDI) decreased from 28.1 to 7.9 (P = .0046), and the mean lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation increased from 80.6% to 84.0% (P = .055). The RDI was reduced to 10 or less in 44.4% of patients. Subjective questionnaires showed statistically significant improvements in snoring, morning fatigue, morning headaches, daytime somnolence, and daytime psychometric measures. The symptomatic improvement persisted in the long term. Conclusions: LAUP is an effective method for the management of OSAS. We have demonstrated short‐term improvement in polysomnographic measures and short‐term and long‐term improvement in subjective measures.


The research paper is taken using of Reverse Osmosis membrane enrichment, vacuum frozen dry. Avoiding the heat function of processing, the bitter gourd tea is produced, most of them retaining nutrition ingredients, active ingredients and flavor of bitter gourd.


One of the lyrical species of Quechua origin is called Qachwa, which in Castilian would be dance, music and song of ancestral origin and that lasts in Huancavelica until today. Likewise, the cultural identity of the huancavelicano settlers is deeply rooted, whose preservation is of the greatest importance. So, it is correct to say that, if this species remained unscathed, it is thanks to the unbreakable cultural identity so fervently maintained. In this research work, the relationship that exists between the variable Qachwa: Intangible Cultural Heritage and cultural Identity in Huancavelica has been investigated. The objective followed was to demonstrate how the Qachwa as intangible heritage is related to the cultural identity in Huancavelica. As regards methodological, it is of a basic type, with a descriptive method and correlational design, with a probability sampling. The result was surprising, according to the application of a Likert-type survey. 58% of respondents mentioned that Qachwa is their intangible heritage, therefore, 56% of them agree to maintain their cultural identity. Consequently, the more the Qachwa is considered to be a precious intangible heritage, the cultural identity of the Huancavelicans is consolidated to preserve and conserve their aforementioned identity.


Mosquito vector-borne disease which accounts for the transmission of many deadly diseases like dengue, zika, chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, malaria, West Nile fever, heartworm, lumpy skin disease is one of the major causes of mortality, morbidity, and economic loss to human and animal communities. Though there have been several interventions like insecticide-treated nets, spatial repellents, indoor pesticide sprays to control adult mosquitoes, it only remains effective for short time, possibly leading to faster replacement of the adults by immature only achieving lesser mosquito population reduction. Extensive use of synthetic insecticides leads to resistance, affects non-target organisms and cause ecological imbalance. While recognizing the limitations of the synthetic and adulticide-based mosquito control methods, alternatively, microbial larvicidal agents are more feasible, target-specific, environment-friendly, low application rates, and moderate costs when compared with other vector control measures. This review highlights the microbial larvicidal agents as a most promising tool in vector control management to prevent disease transmission and discusses the major mosquito-borne diseases affecting humans and other animals.


This article reveals the process of forming the professional competence of university students. In conditions when the learning process becomes more and more formalized and depersonalized, the teacher should focus on clarifying the motivational sphere in order to form the most important cognitive motives in students. Motivational orientation influences not only the student's learning outcomes, but also changes the educational process itself. What is this influence - positive or negative, developing or standardizing, how universal and intense is it? The strength, effectiveness, form of influence, the predominance of certain functions are determined by the scientific and methodological guidance and management of the educational process by the teacher.


This paper analyzes whether the efficiency of the Korean banking industry has improved since the bank restructuring in 1997, and whether a bank with high efficiency has a larger market share. This paper uses an efficient structure hypothesis model to examine the relationship between the banks' efficiencies and their profitability. The data envelopment analysis method is applied to measure the efficiency and profitability of the banking industry in order to minimize possible bias due to the inflow of public funds for the bank consolidation. The two-step Heckman selection method is used to correct for survivorship bias in the model. The derived result indicates that banks with higher efficiencies tend to record higher profit. Moreover, higher pure technological efficiency and scale efficiency have a positive effect on a bank's market share and concentration.


Summary
Two series of experiments have been described. In the first, plants treated with gibberellic acid (GA), together with untreated controls, were harvested at intervals from the time of planting and the growth of shoots, stolons and tubers measured and the dry weight and sugar and starch values determined. Treatment with GA enhanced both shoot and stolon growth and dry weight, but delayed tuber initiation. The appearance of starch correlated closely with tuber Initiation in both treated and untreated plants, but there was no correlation between sugar level in the stolons and their tuberization. In the second, 14CO2 was fed to single leaves of plants in which tuber initiation had just commenced. In untreated plants, almost all the translocated 14C accumulated in the tubers, in plants pre-treated with GA a few days earlier, practically no 14C was detected in the stolons or tubers, but accumulated in the shoot, particularly at the apices. There were significant differences in the relative amounts of 14C in the ethanol-soluble and ethanol-insoluble fractions in the two treatments. The pattern of translocation shown is held to reflect the activity of the various metabolic sinks, the activity of these sinks being hormonally controlled.


The Fitzroy Basin in central Queensland has the largest cattle herd of any natural resource management region in Australia, and legumes have been widely used to boost fertility of rundown soil and improve cattle liveweight gains. However, there is a paucity of information on the effect of leguminous pastures on hydrology and water quality. This study investigated runoff water quality over eight hydrological years from virgin brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) woodland and three improved pastures, namely, buffel grass (Pennisetum ciliare), butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala). Runoff event mean concentrations and loads of total and dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon in addition to total suspended solids are reported. Brigalow woodland had the greatest loss of sediment and nitrogen attributed to the inherently fertile Vertosols (clay soil), but the low occurrence and amount of runoff meant that it had a low risk to water quality. Despite a similar number of runoff events from the improved pastures, leucaena pasture had less total runoff and a lower maximum peak runoff rate in addition to lower nitrogen and carbon in runoff. Total suspended solids and carbon in runoff were greater from grass pasture than from the leguminous pastures, whereas nitrogen and phosphorus were greatest from the butterfly pea pasture, especially in the first 2 years post-planting. Greater exports of phosphorus from the improved pastures were concerning, given the potential for downstream impacts.


Suffering and death are vital problems lingering about the living space of human beings and accompanying people life long .The ponderation and statement about suffering in ZhangBin's recent work entitled Spending A LIFE SPAN WAS ONE YEAR break through the existing dual contradicting pattern of resistance bearing,which demonstrates a new possibility of civilized narrative.Basing himself upon the truly personal living experiences,the auther has chosen a different way of narrative,attempting to remould the original context theme,which,however,again results in a falling into the tight corner of narrative because the impossibility of throwing off the self limitation of narrative subject.


There is a belief that the acquisition of new industrial equipment is less profitable than the purchase of used equipment. The ground for this effect may be found in rather significant decline of the price of industrial equipment after the first years of acquisition. Well known that the car price falls down by 20% - 30% during the first year of ownership. For industrial equipment, the price does not fall so fast, but this effect is observed too. The article considers the profitability of purchasing of used equipment in the framework of Preserved Value Approach. The findings suggest that used equipment is indeed usually priced below its value. This effect provides the buyer of used equipment with an additional benefit, the value of which depends on the actual interest rate of the buyer. Moreover, the buyer may choose a strategy for extending the period of value-added use beyond the limits of economic life. In this case, the purchase of used equipment becomes especially profitable. The reason for this effect seems to be the existence of some "market punishment" for the owner, who acquired industrial equipment but is not able to use it effectively.


Abstract Using Alesina et al.'s (2003) fractionalization indices that separately measure ethnic (E), linguistic (L) and religious (R) diversity for 180 countries, a cluster analysis is performed to group the countries into three distinct clusters based on their similarities in the three diversity measures. Given these country clusters, this study examines how these different clusters perform, on average, in regard to thirteen different economic and political indicators. The results presented for the economic indicators suggest that ethnic and linguistic diversity measures might be relatively more important in affecting economic outcomes compared to religious diversity. In terms of the political indicators considered in this analysis, the countries in the most ethnically, linguistically and religiously diverse cluster performed statistically lower on average relative to the other country clusters.


BUSINESS STRATEGY FORMULATION FOR CRUNCHY'S FRIED CHICKEN AT BEKASI AREA  Laksmana Tri Moerdani and Mohamad Toha School of Business and Management Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia tri.moerdani@sbm‐itb.ac.id  Abstract ‐ The growth of the franchise is growing in Indonesia. The existence of a flourishing franchise in recent years cannot be avoid anymore. Crunchy's Fried Chicken or be referred by CrFC is one of thousands of existing brands. With so many competitors in the market, the products are particularly common in the region causing CrFC to determine the right business strategy formulation to be well received by the market. This study will explore the formulation of business strategy CrFC using a business model. Product leadership and customer intimacy use in crafting the Business strategy formulation.


The Fusion Science Demonstrator in the European Open Science Cloud for Research Pilot Project aimed to demonstrate that the fusion community can make use of distributed cloud resources. We developed a platform, Prominence, which enables users to transparently exploit idle cloud resources for running scientific workloads. In addition to standard HTC jobs, HPC jobs such as multi-node MPI are supported. All jobs are run in containers to ensure they will reliably run anywhere and are reproduceable. Cloud infrastructure is invisible to users, as all provisioning, including extensive failure handling, is completely automated. On-premises cloud resources can be utilised and at times of peak demand burst onto external clouds. In addition to the traditional "cloud-bursting" onto a single cloud, Prominence allows for bursting across many clouds in a hierarchical manner. Job requirements are taken into account, so jobs with special requirements, e.g. high memory or access to GPUs, are sent only to appropriate clouds. Here we describe Prominence, its architecture, the challenges of using many clouds opportunistically and report on our experiences with several fusion use cases.


Aim: To study prospectively various HAART drugs induced adverse reactions among HIV patients within six months of therapy. Methodology: The study was a prospective, observational and descriptive study done at Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada from December 2015 to November 2016. Results: All patients underwent disease staging as per WHO staging and underwent evaluation as per NACO guidelines. 200 patients which consisted of male and female patients (M:F=1.2:1) with an mean age of 34.9+9.6 yrs (16 to 70 yrs) were recruited for the study. The mean age of female was lower than that of male [32.1+10.1yrs (16 to 70yrs) Vs 37.2+8.5yrs (23 to 66yrs)]. Nearly 3/4of the study population was between 3 to 4 decades. 3.5% of our patients were under 20 yrs of age (16yr to 20yrs). One third of our population was illiterates and more than 80% were unskilled workers. Loss of weight and appetite was reported by 2/3 of our patients as a presenting symptom. More than 1/3 had BMI<18.5. Those who had loss of weight at the time of recruitment also showed a positive trend towards higher prevalence of ADR (p=0.088). Most of our patients had advanced disease with 37.5% having stage IV followed by stage I (22.5%), stage II (2.5%) and stage III (18.5%). However, within six months of HAART therapy, nearly half of the patients with stage IV changed over to lower stage of the disease demonstrating the efficacy of treatment even within shorter duration. The major opportunistic infection in our study population was caused by M. Tuberculosis with pulmonary manifestations (50%). Nevirapine base regime was instituted in nearly 2/3 of our patients. Almost one third were on Efavirenz base regime and only 3% were on Stavudine base regime. Unlike other Indian studies, the compliance was 100% which may suggest more efficacies in the health care system. Less than one third required interchange of regime due to ADR or drug interactions. Almost 2/3 of our patients (60%) manifested with the adverse drug reactions within six months of HAART. Gastrointestinal manifestations were the most common ADR in our patients (40.8%) which was followed by fatigue (25.9%). Other ADR included hematological (17.3), dermatological (7.1%), head ache (5.1%), IRIS (1.6%), lactic academia (0.8%), peripheral neuropathy (0.8%) and vivid dreams (0.4%). Dermatological manifestations such as skin rashes and nail hyperpigmentation correlated significantly with the nevirapine use (p=0.008). Peripheral neuropathy was significantly more with the stavudine base regime (p=0.05). Although the mean CD4 count was lower in patients with opportunistic infection, this was not statistically significant (153.96+112.55 Vs 166.25+83.81 cells/cmm; p=0.392). Conclusion: More research is needed to develop low-cost investigations and algorithms for prediction of adverse drug reactions to existing regimes, along with the generations of more efficacious and less toxic drugs.


The results of experimental studies of the energy characteristics of the leader transmitter built according to the lamp-pumped organic-dye oscillator-amplifier scheme are presented. When constructing the lidar emitter according to the oscillator-amplifier scheme under conditions of constant pump density, the problem arises of choosing the ratio between the length of the active element of the generator and the length of the active medium of the traveling wave amplifier, which ensures the maximum efficiency of the entire emitter. The main objective of the work was experimental verification of the results of theoretical studies in order to determine the factors influencing the choice of the ratio of the lengths of the active elements of the generator and amplifier based on the organic dye rhodamine 6G with lamp pumping with their limited total length.
The results of the experiments confirm the theoretical conclusions that there are optimal ratios of the lengths of the generator and amplifier, at which the radiation energy is maximum. The limiting length of the amplifier and the energy of the emitter, built according to the scheme, the oscillator-amplifier are limited due to an increase in the intensity of the radiation that is amplified along the active element, as well as an increase in the intensity of the amplified noise.


My own attempt to meet this challenge has taken a long path. I began with writing down all the characteristics of the known living organisms that seemed to be fundamental, shifting viewpoints between biology, physics, and philosophy. Naturally, the resulting list was long, way far from the categorical "Life is ..." statements that most theorists are after. But as time went by and I revised the list time and again, something began crystallizing, perhaps not unlike the way a mathematician's many-sheets scribbles eventually converge into a single elegant equation. Finally, a new "Life is..." has emerged, proposed here on Section 10.


This letter report is a description of work performed for the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction (HEDR) Project. The HEDR Project was established to estimate the radiation doses to individuals resulting from releases of radionuclides from the Hanford Site during the period of 1944 to 1992. This work is being done by staff at Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories under a contract with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with technical direction provided by an independent Technical Steering Panel (TSP).


Highly intermittent renewable energy sources pose new challenges to microgrid operation and control. Thus, many distributed control strategies have been proposed to solve this problem. However, for most previous studies, the system frequency fluctuation can be further controlled on the basis of the optimal control strategy. This paper proposes a novel distributed optimal control strategy of a battery energy storage system in an islanded microgrid to provide desired optimal control performance and fast frequency recovery. The proposed control strategy is implemented through a multi-agent system based on consensus algorithm, which only requires information collected through a local communication network. Furthermore, the measurement of supply–demand mismatch is replaced by the control signal obtained from a supplementary controller with the improved linear active disturbance rejection control algorithm. The stability of microgrid frequency can be greatly enhanced through this improvement. Finally, the validity of proposed method is demonstrated by various case studies which are given in this paper.


In the contest of a Two Higgs Doublet Model without flavor conservation, the presence of Flavor Changing Neutral Scalar Currents may affect in particular the couplings of the top quark. Some ideas on how to look for new signals from Flavor Changing Interactions at the next generation of lepton colliders are presented.