Wall-bound β-galactosidase activity within the cortical flesh of 'McIntosh' apples (Malus domestica Bork.) increased in storage, but was independent of fruit ripening. There was less activity in fruits held in low pressure storage than in those held in controlled atmosphere or in refrigerated storage, and less activity in fruits held at 0.5 than at 3.5°C. Fruit field-treated with butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide) had more β-galactosidase activity than control fruits at harvest, and maintained higher β-galactosidase activity in storage, but did not soften more rapidly than control fruits. Storage treatments that led to rapid softening coincided with the highest enzyme activity that developed in storage, but low enzyme activity was not consistently related to low softening rates.


Music researchers work with increasingly large and complex data sets. There are few established data handling practices in the field and several conceptual, technological, and practical challenges. Furthermore, many music researchers are not equipped for (or interested in) the craft of data storage, curation, and archiving. This paper discusses some of the particular challenges that empirical music researchers face when working towards Open Research practices: handling (1) (multi)media files, (2) privacy, and (3) copyright issues. These are exemplified through MusicLab, an event series focused on fostering openness in music research. It is argued that the "best practice" suggested by the FAIR principles is too demanding in many cases, but "good enough practice" may be within reach for many. A four-layer data handling "recipe" is suggested as concrete advice for achieving "good enough practice" in empirical music research.


FeMo catalysts supported on carbon aerogels were prepared by decomposition of resorcinol and Ludox silica using controlled atmosphere techniques. Catalysts were characterized by infrared spectroscopy FTMIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM electron microscopy and EDS Scientific Journal from the Experimental Faculty of Sciences, at the Universidad del Zulia Volume 22 (Numero Especial), 2014 CIENCIA 22 (Numero Especial), 137 146, 2014 Maracaibo, Venezuela * Autor para la correspondencia: firstname.lastname@example.com chemical composition studies. The results of FTIR spectroscopy show that the iron was incorporated into the carbon matrix, XRD revealed the presence of three compounds and four crystalline phases Fe(MoO4)3, MoO3, alpha-FeMoO4, and beta-FeMoO4, it is responsible for the catalytic activity. The microscopy studies show that the iron at low concentrations is poorly distributed in the carbon matrix and that at high concentrations tends to aggregate. The greater dispersion was achieved when a 5% of FeMo(II) was incorporated; in this case, the aerogels which had a predominantly mesoporous structure, stabilized the metallic phase in a better way than microporous supports. Results of catalytic activity indicated that between 60% and 70% conversion of thiophene was obtained in 100 hours of reaction, concluding that the carbon acts as a stabilizer of FeMo (II), avoiding sintering because of a more homogeneous and uniform distribution appreciated in the mapping of metal oxides.


In this article we analyze the technology concepts presented by high school students during a didactic and pedagogical intervention with STS Focus in a public school in the metropolitan region of Curitiba-PR. The research is classified as a qualitative and interpretive with participant observation. For the treatment of the data, we used the contributions of Analise Textual Discursiva of Moraes and Galiazzi (2007). Analysis of the data indicates that students have different views on what is to be the technology and how it influences and is influenced by the socio-cultural context in which it operates. In addition, there was greater participation of students in class, showing the interest that the subject awakens in students in this type of education.


~ The death of a child is a particularly poignant and challenging event. While all death holds mystery, grief, and questioning, the death of infants and children presents particular difficulties for families and caregivers alike. Here there is no sense of the long and well-lived life but rather of promise unfulfilled. There is no solace in a clear acceptance of death nor the opportunity for the dying person to resolve long-standing grievances, hurts, and omissions. For families and caregivers there can be a sense of frustration and failure at not being able to cure. The meaning of suffering here can be difficult or impossible to find. These fundamental issues concerning the death and dying of children make their care and the care of their families a sensitive and demanding task. On the one hand there is the duty to care for and protect dying childrep; on the other, there is the suffering of parents, families, and the caregivers themselves. These duties may.be complicated by the desire to do everything to prolong the life of the child. There may be conflict over concerns that "futile" interventions are doing harm or prolonging dying. There is the need to deal as effectively as possible with the pain and suffering of children while avoiding ambiguity regarding interventions and cause of death. Over and above these issues is the need to provide symptom management for the child and facilitate interaction between the child and loved ones for as long as possible for connection, comfort, and communication.The twirrgoals of comfortand optimal human interaction present particular ethical issues in the care of children, often within a compressed time frame. The duty to do everything possible to free children from intractable pain or distress is a moral imperative. Terminal sedation of the child may be the most appropriate response to this imperative. How ought we approach this duty to free patients from intractable pain when optimal interventions have failed and terminal sedation presents the best option for the relief of suffering in a child? How do we ensure that this intervention is used appropriately?


A collection of slides from the author's conference presentation is given. The paper discusses the power transmission dispatch and SCADA systems.


D oes state secrecy threaten democracy? Although this question has been at the forefront of public debate for more than half a century now, the debate has become especially heated in recent years. The principal factor behind the heightened feelings has been the sense that state secrecy has made it especially difficult for citizens and lawmakers to oversee and bring the president to account for the vigorous exercise of executive power since 9/11. For instance, over the past decade, state secrecy has served to limit public debate on questions such as whether the United states ought to undertake preventive war and utilize practices like extraordinary rendition and targeted killing. it has also hindered members of congress from knowing about, much less overseeing, the use of secret prisons, extralegal surveillance, and so-called enhanced interrogation techniques. And it has prevented the courts from proceeding with cases brought by citizens and foreigners who have been subjected to warrantless wiretaps, incarcera-tion, and torture by the United states or its allies. This is not, however, the only reason why state secrecy has been the subject of public debate. There has also been growing concern about violations of state secrecy in the form of unauthorized disclosures of classified information. Perhaps the best-known example is the publication on the WikiLeaks website of a quarter million American diplomatic cables. it has been argued, not unreasonably, that disclosures of this variety threaten the United states' diplomatic capabilities because, if repeated often enough, they will lessen the willingness of local sources to share sensitive information with American diplomats (and also make American diplomats reluctant to share with each other what they have learned through their carefully cultivated networks of informants). no less controversial have been the sagar-secrets.indb 1 2 introduction disclosures that have appeared in leading newspapers such as the New York Times and the Washington Post, which have revealed details about various covert measures utilized in the so-called war on terror— for example, the surveillance of banking transactions and the monitoring of communications. These disclosures have been condemned on the grounds that they allow the United states' adversaries to understand, and thereby defeat, the sources and methods the U.s. government uses to obtain intelligence about their activities. such disclosures, it has been argued, spring from a failure to recognize that state secrecy actually furthers the interests of citizens. What are we to make of these contending claims? Does state …


This thesis is a theory-building study whose purpose is to explore the development process of marketing alliances and the organizational and managerial factors that are supposed to have an influence on the success of a marketing alliance. With the term "marketing alliances" we refer to formalized collaborative arrangements between two or more organizations focused on downstream value chain activities (Swaminathan and Moorman, 2009).
This research is significant as the theme of inter-organizational relationships (IORs) draws the attention of both representatives of the economic life, because IORs may provide firms with significant benefits they would not reach by their own, and the academic world, since alliances are addresses by different disciplinary specializations. Prior research in this field has much more focused on alliances established with the aim of cooperating in upstream value chain activities, such as R&D, engineering and manufacturing, with respect to downstream value chain activities such as sales, distribution, and customer service (Teng and Das, 2008). Furthermore, few studies have been conducted with a process approach, making this particular study a relatively new context and approach for research about alliances. To address the aim of the research a qualitative analysis based on multiple case studies was the more suitable, as this method proved to be useful for network dynamics in particular (Halinen and Tornroos, 2005). The scope of this study includes the development process of alliance among SMEs in different industries of the Italian context whose government has recently showed particular interest towards this theme.


The digital television standard to be used in Brazil is in its definition stage. A comparative analysis among the transmission/reception techniques is important to set up the standard. In this paper, we consider the simultaneous transmission with multiple orthogonal carriers OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex), used in Europe and Japan and the single carrier transmission with fractionally DFE (Decision Feedback Equalizer), usually employed in the American standard receivers. To investigate the performance of these techniques, the Brazilian digital TV channel models are used.


Artificial materials are today used in a number of different applications in medicine, namely metals, plastics and ceramics. In the framework of this study, gradient coatings out of optimised bonding glass and a biofunctional glass-ceramic were developed, with which the demands on the interface between titanium and the coating can be specifically adjusted without losing the advantage of bioactivity. Lime-sodium-silicate glass can be used as an optimised bonding support substance for bioactive substrate coatings of titanium. With the help of gradient coating, the local behavioural demands, such as bioactivity on the implant surface and a high bonding strength on the interface between the metal and coating, can be realised.


Equilibrium configurations of degenerate fluid spheres which assume a polytropic form in the ultrahigh‐density regime are considered. We show that analytic solutions more general than those of Misner and Zapolsky exist which possess the asymptotic equation of state. Simple expressions are derived which indicate this nature of the fluids in the extreme relativistic limit, and the stability of these interiors is considered in the asymptotic region.


Objective To investigate the apoptosis of human HL-60 promyeloid leukemia cells induced by Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharides(SFPS) and its mechanism.MethodsInhibition of proliferation was measured by MTT assay.SFPS-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells was observed by electron microscopy,flow cytometry and DNA electrophoresis.ResultsSFPS exhibited antiproliferative activity which depended on dosage and time.Morphological examination by electron microscopy showed cells with chromatin condensation and margination,cell shrinkage and the presence of "apoptosis bodies".A ladder-like pattern of DNA fragmentation was demonstrated on agarose gel electrophoresis.The DNA content analysis of FCM showed pre-G_1 cells and increased G_2 period ratio,in addition,it demonstrated that apoptosis induced by SFPS was dose-and time-dependent.ConclusionThe antitumor effect of SFPS is relative to cell apoptosis and the blocking of G_2/M period cells.


The historical origin of the concept of preventive treatment of disease in traditional Chinese medicine will be explored in this paper.Based on our clinical practice,the role of this concept in the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) will be investigated from different aspects,including 1) preventing disease prior to onset,2) post-illness deterioration prevention and 3) prophylaxis of relapse.Hopefully,our discussion could serve as a reference for clinical application of this prevention concept in guiding the prevention and treatment of chronic liver diseases such as CHB.


The paper presents results of two case studies of Real-Time Control (RTC) alternatives evaluations that were conducted on portions of sewerage systems near Paris, France and in Quebec City, Canada, respectively. The studies were performed at real-scale demonstration sites. RTC alternatives use dynamic mathematical modeling and simulations to develop a program for a specific sewerage system to guide operation of automatic regulators when wet-weather flow is approaching. Advanced RTC alternatives also use a radar-based rainfall measurement and forecasting tool. Thus, the function of RTC-based combined sewer management is to assure efficient operation of the system and to maximize storage capacity of the existing sewerage facilities to contain combined sewer overflow (CSO) and there is cost saving aspect of this function. The first case study was conducted on a site, located northeast of Paris, France, that was a portion of the Seine-Saint-Denis combined sewer network with independent capture from other parts of the network. This site, controlled by six regulators, includes a primary settling and storage facility of 200,000 m 3 capacity, which can be operated either to increase settling efficiency of the retention pond or to increase the sewer relief capacity to decrease flood risk. This case study compared two RTC alternatives: the presently used Supervisory Predictive Control, aided by a radar-based CALAMAR system, and, a simulated, Local Reactive Control, without CALAMAR. The Supervisory Predictive Control was shown to be superior.


The development of high capacity wireless networks, to satisfy the increasing demand of mobile high-speed internet, is stimulating the exploitation of the wide frequency bands in the millimeter and THz range. Above 100 GHz, the high atmosphere attenuation is the major obstacle for wireless links of adequate length, due to the low power available from solid state amplifiers. Traveling wave tubes (TWT) are promising devices capable og generating multi-watt power at sub-THz frequency. In this paper, the design and performance of a TWT in the 210–250 GHz band with about 1 W output power will be described, to power a 40 Gigabits per second optical transmitter for 1 km point-to-point link. A novel approach for a simple and low-cost fabrication, based on the use of the double corrugated waveguide is proposed.


The pulse Doppler radar simulator discussed is used to provide radar echo signals and checkout the performance of radar in an open condition. The design of the simulator makes use of the techniques of twice frequency conversion and carrier extraction based on locked phase loop and single sideband modulation. It can automatically and quickly lock the radar running frequency in a wide range, and resend the simulated echo signals. The design and implementation of frequency seeking from the system principle and program design were discussed chiefly in the paper. The test shows that the method is feasible in engineering.


A new approach to airspace congestion management is presented, in which uncertainties in predicting traffic levels and airspace capacity are quantified and considered in developing congestion resolutions. Such a "probabilistic" approach has the potential to greatly improve decision-making. Probabilistic models for predicting traffic demand are presented, with results, and an initial model for predicting airspace capacity is outlined. Candidate displays and human factors issues for use of probabilistic information are discussed, and a probabilistic decision-making framework for en route congestion management is presented.


Design speed is one of the principal parameters for the design of road alignment, but the operating speed is the effective velocity that drivers adopt in relation to the conditions dictated by the characteristics of the road, its environment, and the vehicle. The difference between the design speed and the actual operating speed, if it occurs where alignment is inconsistent with the operating speed, can determine the nature and extent of hazards for safe driving. It is possible to identify three distinct conditions on highway links that can be considered detrimental to road safety: (I) where operating speed is greater than the design speed; (II) where there are different speeds on contiguous lengths; and (III) where the side friction needed in curves is less than that available. A survey of actual speeds and road accidents was conducted on specific sections of rural two lane Sicilian highways with such alignment inconsistencies. The comparison between the degree of safety defined according to the criteria found in literature, and road accident data over the last seven years, has enabled the design classes of these criteria to be modified in order to match the local (Italian) conditions of speed and pavement skid resistance. On the basis of these adjustments a better correlation between alignment inconsistency and road hazard was found.


-9 m) at maximum estimated distances in the order of tens of km. The method is based on highly innovative Photonic Laser Thrusters (PLTs) and tethers. One of the crucial uncertainties in PTFF implementation had been the feasibility of PLT. We have recently successfully demonstrated the proof-of-concept of PLT by amplifying the thrust of the photons in PLT up to 3,000 times resulting in 35 µN with a ~ 2 W PLT system. Therefore, the implementation of PTFF has become much more realistic. The PLT results will be presented in a concurrent session of the present conference. In this talk, we propose an extension of the range of PTFF applications from precision formation flying to generalized distributed and fractionated space architectures of heterogeneous or homogeneous micro-, nano- and pico-satellites. We show here that PTFF can be readily adapted to all-in-one system for distributed and fractionated architectures that require interferometric ranging, navigation sharing, power sharing, optical communication, force and torque sharing. Thus, the modified PTFF can minimize the system overhead and necessary service function duplication, the cost, weight and power consumption. In addition, the PTFF does not require propellant, thus it provides significant propulsion system mass savings, and is free from propellant exhaust contamination, ideal for signature-free missions with highly sensitive sensors. Therefore, the modified PTFF proposed here seems to be an ideal system approach to distributed and fractionated space architectures.


The article of G. Giurisato studies the relation between the critical edition of Nestle-Aland27 and the Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209 or Codex B, to which "a position of undisputed precedence in the Gospels" is recognized. The research is about the Gospel of Luke and considers the following aspects: the transpositions of terms within a sentence, the use of simple or compound verbs, and some selected expressions. The study reveals consistency between NA and B and verifies several variations that are sometimes found without an evident reason.


Comments on Articles About Congruity Theory (11) To the Editor: Re the letter by Steven Chaffee (JOURNALISM QUARTERLY, 43:622-23, Autumn 1966) concerning my article (JOURNALISM QUARTERLY, 43:239-46, Summer 1966) on the relationship of Carter's attitude concepts (JOURNALISM QUARTERLY, 42:203-12, Spring 1965) to congruity theory: Chaffee maintains I was dealing with the concept of "situational relevance," whereas I identified the concept as "perti* nence." In describing pertinence, Carter first stated that he was referring to the relationship between two objects. He then said the use of the term (its negative, that is) was "exemplified in the familiar legal objection, 'incompetent, irrelevant, and immaterial.'" Next he said, still referring to the negative, "That is, the introduced element is not considered to be rzlated to the element already under consideration." In my study, the element already under consideration was a person, labeled either A or B, and the introduced element was a characteristic of A: his attitude toward B. Pertinence was operationally defined as occurring when the experimental subject check-marked his agreement with the statement that "A'S attitude toward B had some effect on me in determining my own attitude toward A (or B)." Non-perthence was defined as occurring when the subject checked that "A's attitude had no effect. . ." Certainly this experimental method permitted a determination of whether or not the introduced element was considered by the subject to be related to the element already under consideration. Why, then, should I not have referred to this variable as pertinence? It's true, though, that Carter defined situational relevance in much the same way as he defined pertinence. If the "introduced element is related to the element under consideration" (phrasing used in his description of pertinence), then wouldn't the introduced element be "part of the environment which is psychologically meaningful" (the only definition he provides for situational relevance)? Further, he says that the pertinence relation is confrom Readers


In order to design well college body-building exercise's purpose and aim,course content,serve for society better,this paper uses literature,logical induction from regular curriculum content optimized design;Regular curriculum to non-regular curriculum transition optimized design;The dominant curriculum tripartite has carried on the optimized design to the recessive curriculum transition optimized design facing the college body-building exercises curriculum.it provides a new mentality and the breakthrough point for the college body-building exercises curriculum reform.


Based on research of "Online Information Literacy Instruction" in China and other countries,the author in this paper analyzes some problems of information literacy instruction in Chinese university,suggesting to build an integrated and open "online information literacy tutorial" in library website.And then the author have the practice and the approach to Tutorial framework,teaching mode,Sub-module content,learning evaluation of OILT.


The research was distributed by low motivation citizens learn in following the process of learning, this is allegedly due to lack of skills gives reinforcement by tutors on equality program Package B in the SPNF SKB Padang Panjang City. This type of research using quantitative methods korelasional. The population in this research study program is a citizen equality Package B in the town of Padang Panjang SPNF SKB of 20 people. The number of samples is as many as 15 people. The technique of sampling using stratified random sampling. This research data analysis techniques using percentage and rank order. On the results of the research can be seen that (1) the lack of skills gives reinforcement by tutors, (2) lack of motivation in learning citizens follow the learning process, and (3) there is a significant relationship between the skill of giving reinforcement by tutors with the motivation of learning in the citizens equality Package B in the SPNF SKB Padang Panjang City.Keywords: Reinforcement, Motivation of Learning


spheric electron content distribution in real-time Manuscript Number: essd-2021-136 Corresponding Author: Manuel Hernández-Pajares Dear editor, dear anonymous referees, We thank you for constructive comments and suggestions. They can be very helpful to improve the quality of manuscript and also to increase the readability. We will provide a point-by-point response to your kind comments in red font. Thank you. Please note that reviewers' comments are in italics while our answers are not. Yours sincerely, on behalf of the co-authors, Qi Liu and Manuel Hernández-Pajares


Because the mobile equipment like PDA, Smartphone, GPS navigation and incoming tablets show in present time expressive technical progress for its entire existence, increasing demands are submited by theirs users. Current state of these mobile equipment and it ́s developement for near future will be described in following work. Bachelor thesis deals with an effective use of 3-D models of towns in these mobile equipments. It focuses on the right choice of optimal technology for making these models and resulting export to different formats, which are supported by a given mobile device. In work there are described both the requirements on a given format and the requirements on hardware and software of mobile equipment. The next objective of the work it is to create digital fotorealistic model of chosen historical part of the Český Krumlov town.


The purpose of this critical review is to address the question: Based on behavioral outcome measures, should audiologists provide Auditory Training for adults with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss? A review of the current literature revealed six studies for critical analysis. Study designs included one non-randomized control study, one non-randomized cohort study, one prospective randomized control study, one double blind randomized control study, one randomized control study, and one critical review. Four of the six studies used computer-based auditory training programs as their protocol. Behavioural outcome measures were used to evaluate the efficacy of Auditory Training (AT). Although the evidence provided by these studies suggest that Auditory Training can improve behavioural outcomes, the effects were modest and there was a lack of large sample sizes. Future investigation is warranted into the benefits of auditory training above amplification, long-term benefits of auditory training, specified auditory training protocols, and real world benefit.


Our paper proposes a new model based approach to locate and track an object in a multi-cameras system: this method does not involve triangulation. If the calibration and the mutual geometry of the acquisition systems are known, it is possible to express the whole set of equations pertaining to each monocular system, in an unique reference system. In this way it is possible to show that based model methods are not restricted to monocular vision and that some techniques generally viewed as purely monocular can be readily extended and integrated to a multi-cameras system. We prove by experiments on sequences of real images that this approach leads to results better than the monocular ones in two directions: better accuracy as many different view points are used; better robustness as the system is able to deal gracefully with the loss of some of the captors.<<ETX>>


FIELD: measurement equipment. SUBSTANCE: membrane hot-wire anemometer comprises a heater and a thermal sensor, a gas filled tight cavity of crystal. The gas in the cavity has a range of thermal conductivity values of not higher than one tenth of membrane material thermal conductivity. The heater and the thermal sensor are arranged inside this cavity. The hot-wire anemometer may be used as a pressure sensor. EFFECT: reduced parasitic heat transfer and increased sensitivity of a hot-wire anemometer. 2 cl, 1 dwg


We show how the theory of the critical behaviour of d-dimensional polymer networks gives a scaling relation for self-avoiding bridges that relates the critical exponent for bridges to that of terminally-attached self-avoiding arches, and the correlation length exponent We find In the case of the special transition, we find We provide compelling numerical evidence for this result in both two- and three-dimensions. Another subset of SAWs, called worms, are defined as the subset of SAWs whose origin and end-point have the same x-coordinate. We give a scaling relation for the corresponding critical exponent which is This too is supported by enumerative results in the two-dimensional case.


We study theoretically the spin dynamics of a magnetic dimer serving as a contact between two electrodes. We find that the spin–spin coupling in the dimer can be dramatically modified from its equilibrium value. We show that the interaction can be tuned in such a way that it effectively changes its sign. The calculations show that, for large enough bias, the exchange interaction can even be changed from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic. The physical principles behind this result can be used as a new tool to achieve magneto-electric effects in molecular magnet systems.


Evaluation system of government administration on civicism is important to orientation, level and direction of city developing, whereas in world a integrated evaluation system haven't been bring up at present. The paper introduces the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), trying to improve a evaluating system, which been synthesized from all kinds of evaluating index. The evaluating system is based on the common quality of city development and construction, promoting the research on evaluation system of government administration on civicism.


The study was carried out in a private outdoor apiary located at Meet Fares village, Bani Ebaid district, Dakahlia province. The study was conducted during winter and early spring, covering the dearth season prior to clover nectar flow season to investigate the effect of food supplements on the reared queens quality and the worker hypopharyngeal glands (HPGs). The results showed that the clover pollen diets had the largest effect on the mean queen weight and lengths also on the mean queen abdomen length and width in comparison with gluten and sugar syrup feeding. Also, the mean weight of queen ovaries and the mean number of ovarioles were the largest when honey bee fed pollen diets. Histologically, the nurse worker hypopharyngeal glands (HPGs) exhibited larger acini diameters and more secretions in case of clover pollen diets followed by corn gluten one in comparison with the sugar syrup. Generally, corn gluten exhibited moderate positive effects and could be a good protein nutritive, especially, when blended with other nutritive materials as yeasts and sugar. It is relatively cheaper and has high protein content, so it is recommended as a suitable pollen substitute in dearth periods.


This is a homage to the work and talent of the "architect - fashion designer" who since the early days of his career succeeded in establishing an ongoing dialogue between architecture and fashion, creating a new code with which these two difficult and complex worlds could perfectly combine. Ferre himself affirmed: "I believe that most part of my creative process is based on my background and training as an architect. For me fashion is poetry, intuition, imagery, but also a methodic and project oriented discipline, based on the fact that a dress is the result of a programmed and acknowledged intervention on forms and shapes". In a magical play of lightness and transparency, 27 shirts (selected from the most extraordinary shirts Ferre designed during his over 20 year long activity) testify to Ferre's creative genius and to the technical and project quality he put into the construction of this garment, which Ferre himself considered "the" sign of his style. These superb creations include the silk bustier that, blossoming like a delicate calla lily, "stands out like a corolla, framing the woman's face" almost defying the law of gravity, and the outstanding "upside down" shirt, whose utmost innovative structure turns this garment into an object of pure design. The catalogue features a wide selection of images, including Ferre's sketches and designs - unique work sheets capable of illustrating with only a few lines, the essence of the garment and the core idea of each project, highlighting all the precious particulars from the quality of the fabric, to the dramatic details and the hidden finishings.


The nonlinear development of the two-stream instability in a system of two electron beams with finite temperature is investigated by a perturbation method using macroscopic plasma equations. The equation for the change of amplitude is obtained and shown to be reduced to a nonlinear Schrodinger equation. From this equation it is shown that (1) a range of wavenumbers exists for which the nonlinearity suppresses the instability before the onset of overtaking and after reaching the limiting amplitude the wave begins to decay. (2) and that a modulational instability is possible. The analytical results are compared with direct computer solutions which support the theory.


This article presents the fracture behavior and applicability of the fictitious crack (FC) model to describe the fracture of a porous poly(methyl methacrylate) material. Two test geometries, wedge-opening load and single-edge-notched beam, were employed under two different test conditions (room temperature and in water at 45 °C); all presented quasibrittle fracture behavior. The crack profile of a wedge-opening load sample was visualized and measured with the digital image correlation technique. The mechanical response of all the samples, including the crack profile, was successfully modeled with the FC model, and this showed the good applicability of this model to the fracture of this granular poly(methyl methacrylate) material. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1112–1122, 2003


The study introduced two methods for deriving the thoracic injury criteria. First, the scaling method that was developed by H. J Mertz is very simple. The scaling method has been used to develop injury criteria of other dummies such as Hybrid Ⅲ 5%tile, 95%tile and Hybrid Ⅲ child dummy. In order to use the scaling method, the size scale factor has been defined by the anthropometry data of Korean elderly as over 65 years old and the material scale factor has been referenced by the Kent's paper. The second method to use the injury risk curve is more complex than the scaling method because the statistical analysis and a lot of the test results of PMHS were required. The PMHS test don't be conducted in Korea, so the results in foreign countries have been analyzed to derive the thoracic injury risk curve using the logistic regression.


Abstract This paper has three parts. In this first part, we formulate and prove from V = L a new combinatorial principle, ⋄++. In the second part, we discuss the topological problem which led to the formulation of ⋄++. Finally, we use ⋄++ to construct a space solving the topological problem.


Nursing is the noblest of all profession. Nurses should be efficient in providing health care which requires skill in all aspects including computer application in nursing practice. With an aim of this the investigators undertook the study to assess the attitude of the Staff Nurses towards computer application in nursing practice by a standardized scale called P.A.T.C.H. Scale (Pretest for Attitudes Towards Computers in Healthcare). Thirty Staff Nurses working in the Private Hospital, Pondicherry were selected by Non- Probability, Convenient sampling Technique. P.A.T.C.H. Scale was administered to assess their attitude. Differential & inferential Statistics were used to assess their attitude. Study findings shows that 5% of Staff Nurses had limited awareness, 40% of them had realistic view, 55% of them had Enthusiastic view and 5% of them had idealistic view and also 59% of them shown positive attitude, 20% of them had negative attitude and 21% of them had no opinion on computer application in nursing practice. This study shows that though we are in technology world many of the staff nurses have less awareness towards computer application in nursing practice and it can be changed by conducting Inservice education programme.


The authors analysed the risks and associated damage in bill posters on the basis of a case history description. Biomechanical analysis of the job revealed in particular the involvement of the musculoligamentous structure of the cervical spine and shoulder, mostly during the actual posting of bills. The authors propose a clinical-functional definition of the pain and paresthetic symptoms of the upper limbs which are frequently encountered in this category of workers.


Background: Conversation is the archetypal mode of communication. As a process it draws on numerous skills, and predispositions, adapting to dynamic contexts and coordinated in highly sophisticated ways for successful interaction. The combination of these abilities with contextual variables coalesces uniquely to represent what this research proposes to be conversational intelligence. It is argued here that high levels of conversational intelligence rest to a large degree on executive functions (EF) which are steadily becoming more widely acknowledged and researched within the communication domain. The impairment of EF in neurologically injured individuals has significant, though as yet undisclosed, repercussions for recovery, response to therapy and ability to integrate communication skills in every day interactions to support conversational success. This study incorporates some new approaches to the study of communication disorders following stroke, including conversation, executive functions and the possibility of pharmacological intervention. Aims: The aims of this study were to describe in detail the language, executive function and conversational characteristics of ten individuals who had experienced strokes and to examine the relationships among these three areas of functioning. In addition, this research investigated the response of these ten participants to pharmacological therapy on a one month trial of Leviteracetam (LEV). Methods and Procedures: Ten individuals who had suffered single incident strokes were recruited from local community and rehabilitation facility referrals. All ten participated in a four stage randomised, double blind investigation including baseline, active, placebo and withdrawal phases. At each stage participants underwent testing on an EF battery and were recorded having conversations with familiar interlocutors. In addition, significant others completed a rating scale assessing affective features and behaviours and language testing was conducted at the baseline phase using the WAB. The language and EF data were scored and the conversations subjected to Conversation Analysis. For each participant, profiles were created and assessed for interrelationships between the executive characteristics and conversational features representative of each executive construct. Repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted on EF data for the four phases of the study to determine significant pharmacological effects. Outcomes and Results: The majority of the sample presented with significant EF deficits across most areas assessed. Two participants presented with essentially intact profiles which were not explained in terms of types of aphasia or site of lesion. Language results proved to be inconsistently associated with EF deficits, but conversational features reflected underlying executive strengths or deficits with greater consistency. Two participants experienced amelioration (though not statistically significant) of interference control during the active phase, with observable improvements in conversational skill. One participant demonstrated improved conversation without a change in EF scores. The response to LEV is evaluated with reference to potential alternatives. Conclusions: The existence of EF deficits in individuals with stroke is demonstrated. Furthermore, the impact of these impairments is considerable and observable during naturally occurring conversations, suggesting the centrality of the EF contribution to conversational intelligence. The lack of association between formal language test scores and EF impairments argues for the inclusion of more authentic assessment approaches for stroke patients. The data is explored in terms of specific consequences of different lesion sites on EF and communication and briefly addresses bilingualism as a potential variable in explaining some of the variations in the data. Pharmacotherapy is addressed as an important focus of future research protocols. Implications for assessment and treatment are discussed as well as proposals for future study. CONTENTS Dedication ii Declaration iii Acknowledgements iv List of related work vi Abstract vii List of tables xvi List of figures xviii Appendix xix A note on anonymity xx CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 PRELIMINARY PERSPECTIVES 1 1.2 OUTLINE OF THE FOLLOWING CHAPTERS 5 CHAPTER TWO STROKE AND RELATED COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2.1 THE SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT 7 2.1.1 Mortality of stroke 8 2.1.2 Prevalence of stroke 9 2.1.3 Stroke incidence and case fatality 9 2.1.4 Stroke types and subtypes in South Africa 10 2.1.5 Stroke risk factors in South Africa 12 2.2 MECHANISMS OF STROKE 13 2.3 MECHANISMS OF RECOVERY IN STROKE 14 2.3.1 Recovery of the penumbra 15 2.3.2 Transfer of lost function to the homotopic cortex in the right cerebral hemisphere 15 2.3.3 Adoption of strategies that circumvent the lost function 16 2.4 FACTORS AFFECTING RECOVERY 17 2.4.1 Language variables 17 2.4.2 Cognitive variables 18 2.4.3 Biographical variables 18 2.4.4 Medical variables 19 2.4.5 Social variables 20 2.5 COMMUNICATION DISORDERS FOLLOWING STROKE 20 2.5.1 Aphasia 20 2.5.2 Right Hemisphere disorder 24 2.6 TREATMENT OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS FOLLOWING STROKE 26 2.6.1 Historical approaches to the treatment of aphasia and disorders related to RHD 26 188.8.131.52 Broca's aphasia 27 220.127.116.11 Wernicke's aphasia 28 18.104.22.168 Conduction aphasia 28 188.8.131.52 Transcortical aphasias 29 220.127.116.11 Anomic aphasia 30 18.104.22.168 Global aphasia 30 22.214.171.124 Right Hemisphere Disorders 31 2.6.2 Modern approaches to the treatment of communication difficulties 32 2.6.3 Conversation and Conversational Analysis (CA) 34 126.96.36.199 Conversation as prototype of language use 34 22.214.171.124 Research utilising CA as a methodology in relation to communication disorders 34 188.8.131.52 The study of conversation provides an assessment of language in context 36 220.127.116.11 CA provides access to nonverbal as well as verbal means of communication 38 22.214.171.124 Conversation reflects a psychosocial process of defining the self in relation to others 39 22.214.171.124 Conversation is sensitive to underlying neural and neuropsychological factors 40 126.96.36.199 Results of formal language testing do not anticipate conversational performance 41 188.8.131.52 CA allows for the differentiation between "normal" and aphasic discourse 41 188.8.131.52 SUMMARY OF CONVERSATION ISSUES 42 2.6.4 Pharmacological treatment of stroke 42 184.108.40.206 Dopamine 43 18.104.22.168 Norepinephrine 44 188.8.131.52 Amphetamines 44 18.104.22.168 Serotonin 45 184.108.40.206 Acetylcholine 46 126.96.36.199 Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) 47 188.8.131.52 SUMMARY OF PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF STROKE 47 2.7 CONCLUDING COMMENTS 48 CHAPTER THREE EXECUTIVE FUNCTION 3.1 DEFINITIONS 49 3.2 EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AND CONVERSATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 50 3.2. ANATOMY OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS 53 3.2.1 The significance of the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) 53 3.2.2 Neuroanatomy of the PFC 53 3.2.3 Neurochemistry of the PFC 55 18.104.22.168 Dopamine 56 18.104.22.168 Norepinephrine 59 18.104.22.168 Serotonin 60 184.108.40.206 Acetylcholine 60 3.3 EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AND AGEING 61 3.4 THEORIES OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION 63 3.4.1 Pribram: Feedback system 64 3.4.2 Teuber Corollary discharge 64 3.4.3. Luria 65 3.4.4 Damasio – Anatomical-Functional Model 66 3.4.5 Fuster Temporal integration of behaviour 67 3.4.6 Shallice – Information processing model 67 3.4.7 Stuss and Benson – Behavioural / anatomical approach 68 3.4.8 Barkley – A Hybrid Neuropsychological Model of Executive Functions 69 3.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING COMMENTS 71 CHAPTER FOUR EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN NEUROGENIC COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 4.1. EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION AND VASCULAR DISEASE 73 4.1.1 Executive dysfunction and aphasia 75 184.108.40.206 Attention deficits in aphasia 76 22.214.171.124 Working memory deficits in aphasia 78 18.104.22.168 Regulation of affect deficits in aphasia 79 220.127.116.11 Problem solving deficits in aphasia 80 184.108.40.206 Flexibility deficits in aphasia 81 184.108.40.206 Summary of executive function deficits in aphasia 82 4.1.2 Executive dysfunction in Right Hemisphere Disorder (RHD) 82 188.8.131.52 Attention deficits in RHD 83 126.96.36.199 Working memory deficits in RHD 83 18.104.22.168 Regulation of affect deficits in RHD 84 22.214.171.124 Problem solving deficits in RHD 84 22.214.171.124 Flexibility deficits in RHD 85 126.96.36.199 Summary of executive function deficits in RHD 85 4.2 EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI) 85 4.2.1 Attention deficits in TBI 86 4.2.2 Working memory deficits in TBI 87 4.2.3 Regulation of affect deficits in TBI 88 4.2.4 Problem solving deficits in TBI 88 4.2.5 Flexibility deficits in TBI 89 4.2.6 Summary of executive function deficits in TBI 90 4.3 EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN DEMENTIA 90 4.3.1 Attention deficits in dementia 92 4.3.2 Working memory deficits in dementia 92 4.3.3 Regulation of affect deficits in dementia 93 4.3.4 Problem solving deficits in dementia 93 4.3.5 Flexibility deficits in dementia 93 4.4 EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) 94 4.4.1 Attention and working memory deficits in MS 94 4.4.2 Regulation of affect deficits in MS 95 4.4.3 Problem solving deficits in MS 95 4.4.4 Flexibility deficits in MS 95 4.5 EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN INFLAMMATORY DISEASES / HIV/AIDS 95 4.6 EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN TUMOURS 96 4.7 EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN PSYCHOSIS 97 4.8 GAPS AND CHALLENGES 97 4.9 PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION 101 4.9.1 Catecholamines 101 188.8.131.52 Dopamine 101 220.127.116.11 Amphetamines 104 126.96.36.199 Norepinephrine 104 4.9.2 Serotonin 106 4.9.3 Acetylcholine 106 4.9.4 GABA 108 4.10 LEVITERACETAM (LEV) (KEPPRA) 109 4.11 SUMMARY – THE NEXT STEP 111 CHAPTER FIVE METHODOLOGY 5.1 AIMS OF THE STUDY 113 5.2 DESIGN OF THE STUDY 113 5.3 PHASES OF THE STUDY 115 5.3.1 Compiling the executive battery 115 5.3.2 Piloting the executive battery 116 5.3.3 Ethical considerations 116 5.3.4 Preparation of the drug 118 5.3.5 Initial Neurological Assessment 119 5.3.6 Testing 119 5.3.7 Data Analysis 120 5.4 PARTICIPANTS 121 5.4.1 Selection criteria for stroke participants 121


N 1976, Thames Television produced a 30-minute documentary Death in the West which examined the most famous and successful cigarette advertising campaign ever made, Philip Morris's Marlboro Man. Featuring interviews with American cowboys, the film showcased a breed of "hard-working, hard-living, hard-smoking" men now suffering the ravages of emphysema and lung cancer after their decades-long smoking addictions. Watching one cowboy at his ranch, an air tank roped to his horse and nose tubes strapped in place as he makes his morning round-up, viewers are reminded of the reasons Philip Morris employed what has become perhaps the most enduring icon of American national identity. As "missionaries" for Marlboro, cowboys symbolized the company's confidence and certainty, while cigarettes themselves aided in the production of cowboy mythology, particularly in notions of manly toughness and vigor. The documentary indicates, however, the ways denial and repression go a long way in shoring up the image of the tobacco company and the real "Marlboro men" featured in the film. One Philip Morris executive, for instance, in refuting the dangers of smoking, explains "anything can be harmful . . . applesauce can be harmful if you eat enough of it." Later in the film, a 55-year-old cow-


A method is developed for the compact storage of statistically simulated data that extends the method for optimizing parameters of k-stage signal detectors to the case when the probability of false decisions is low. Algorithms for dividing a set of statistic trajectories into groups, marking borders between trajectory sets, and extracting a trajectory from a group, which lay behind the proposed method, are described. The method is used to optimize and analyze the k-stage detectors for coherent (with a random initial phase) and incoherent pulse bursts. Results are provided that compare the k-stage detectors with detectors operating by fixed-length samples.


Replicated pattern accuracy was investigated in synchrotron radiation (SR) lithography, using a chemically amplified (CA) negative-type resist and a highly accurate x-ray mask delineated by focused ion beams (FIB). The size of the hole resist pattern which is arranged in a lattice is affected by the proximity gap and the pattern pitch, but that of the dot resist pattern is hardly dependent on these variables. The dot resist pattern, which was replicated with the 0.25- micrometers -square hole mask pattern, became circular with a proximity gap of over 20 micrometers . In order to obtain highly accurate pattern shape as well as pattern size, the proximity gap should be less than 20 micrometers . The resist pattern size and shape depend on the exposure dose. This was confirmed through the simulation of Fresnel diffraction. The resist pattern was influenced considerably by the post-exposure baking (PEB) conditions, temperature and time. The PEB condition dependence of a replicated pattern was investigated. It is effective to extend the PEB time to improve the sensitivity without deforming the pattern shape.


In recent years, "populism" has been claimed by left and right alike. According to the late David Broder of The Washington Post, Sarah Palin issued "a pitch-perfect recital of the populist message."1 Progressives contest the label. "To rebuild its coalition, the left must return to its populist roots," argues Eric Alterman in The New York Times.2 E.J. Dionne, noting the "kaleidoscope of populisms," calls for "a new seriousness about what Populism meant for our past and means for our present" in Our Divided Political Heart.3 This symposium answers Dionne's call. Populism has two dimensions. One involves the language of change. Populist movements are culturally based, not structurally based. "The people" is not historically indeterminate, but it is a different category than "class" or "interest groups," a different idiom than the charts and statistics that dominate in conventional social science, and a different politics than election campaigns with poll-tested sound bites. Populism challenges not only concentrations of wealth and power, but also the culturally uprooted, individualized, rationalist thinking characteristic of professional systems, left and right. Populist movements are narrative. They grow from the sense that an elite is endangering the values, identities, and practices of a culturally constituted people, its memories, origins, and ways of life. "People" is understood through language, stories, symbols, traditions, foods, music, and memories. A people has a moment of birth, sacred texts, foundational Populism–Bringing Culture Back In


The sparsity of the linear predictive residual of speech signal can be used in the speech compressed sensing,but needs the predictive coefficients of the signal to build sparse transformational matrix increasing the data. This paper proposes to save the linear predictive coefficients into diagonal matrix in order to build circulant matrix,and measures the speech signal in circulant way,extracts the linear predictive coefficients from circulant matrix to build sparse transformational matrix in residual domain,and reconstructs the speech with Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(OMP)algorithm. Simulation experimental result shows that,using circulant measure built by predictive coefficients decreases3. 9% data more than the original linear predictive method,and has higher reconstruction signal to noise ratio per-frame than the Gaussian random matrix as measure matrix.


The premise of traditional methods of reliability predictions, such as MIL-HDBK-217, is that the failure rate of a system is primarily determined by the components comprising the system. Historically, a significant number of failures also stem from non-component causes such as design deficiencies, manufacturing defects, inadequate requirements, induced failures , etc., that have not been explicitly addressed in prediction methods. The data in Figure 1 contains the nominal percentage of failures attributable to each of the eight identified predominant failure causes based on data collected by the Reliability Analysis Center. The definitions of these failure causes are as follows: Parts-Failure resulting from a part (e.g. micro-circuit, transistor, resistor, connector, etc.) failing to perform its intended function. Design-Failure resulting from an inadequate design. Examples are tolerance stack-up, unanticipated logic conditions, a non-robust design for given environmental stresses, etc. Manufacturing-Failure resulting from anomalies in the manufacturing process, (i.e. faulty solder joints, bent connector pins, etc.). System Management-Failure to interpret system requirements, or failure to provide the resources required to design and build a reliable system. Wearout-Failure resulting from wearout related failure mechanisms. Examples of components exhibiting wearout related failure mechanisms are electrolytic capacitors, solder joints, tubes (TWTs), and switch and relay contacts. No Defect-Perceived failure that cannot be reproduced upon further testing. These failures may or may not be actual failures; however they are removals and therefore count toward the logistic failure rate. Induced-Failure resulting from an externally applied stress. Examples are electrical over-stress and maintenance induced failures. Software-Failure of a system to perform its intended function due to the manifestation of a software fault. In 1994, the U.S. Military Specifications and Standards Reform initiative decreed the adoption of performance based specifications for acquiring and modifying weapon systems. This led to the cancellation of many military specifications and standards. This, coupled with the fact the Air Force has redirected the mission of the Air Force Research Laboratory (the preparing activity for MIL-HDBK-217) away from reliability, resulted in MIL-HDBK-217 becoming obsolete, with no government plans to update it. The RAC believes that there is a need within the industry for a reliability assessment technique that can be used to estimate the reliability of systems in the field. A viable assessment methodology needs: • Updated component reliability prediction models. • A methodology for quantifying the effect that non-component variables have on system reliability. • To be useable by typical reliability engineers with data that …


Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) have been proposed as a simple model of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) which can form membrane-less organelles via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cellular milieu. Herein, fluorescently labeled ELP is studied in cytomimetic aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). Droplet-based protocells are obtained in a microfluidic system, allowing for confinement, temperature changes and statistical analysis. The spatial organization of ELP is observed in such binary ATPS macrocrowders. In addition, owing to switch of conformational states, dynamic formation and distribution of ELP-rich droplets within the artificial cytoplasm is triggered by temperature. Three-dimensional structured proteins are concurrently encapsulated along with ELP in synthetic cells and distinct partitioning properties of these proteins and ELP in binary polymeric phases are observed. This underpinning discovery demonstrates that the ability of ELP to coacervate with temperature can be maintained inside intracellular mimetic medium, and the preferential distribution of ELP in macromolecular crowding.


Plant polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins(PGIPs)play an important role in the defense system by effectively and specifically binding to and inhibiting the endopolygalacturonases secreted by pathogen during its invasion.In this study,a gene encoding the PGIP of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum),named GhPGIP1,was cloned and sequenced,which had 993bp in length and encoded a peptide of 330 amino acids with a molecular weight of 37.0 kDa and pI of 8.30.Compared with the corresponding genes from other 9 species,the nucleotide and amino acid homo-logies were 65.6%-70.3% and 63.4%-68.6%,respectively.The deduced protein sequence had 6 potential N-glycosylation sites and 10 cysteine residues in N-and C-terminal.The sequence alignment of deduced amino acid of GhPGIP1 with those of other 9 species indicated that there were 5 conservative leucine rich repeat(LRR)domains,the typical character of proteins with defense ability and most of the Leucines being highly conserved.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR disclosed that GhPGIP1 were constitutively expressed in root,stem and leaf,and the expressed amount in leaf was the most.


DeviceNet is a kind of network protocol in industry control system bottom based on CAN technology. Its cost is less,and is used worldwide.this paper introduces the characteristic of DeviceNet protocol and construct the flat of SCM.we are able to project slave hardware and the flow of software.on this,it can made of simple master/slave connection set,complete its communication.


In this scenario there are q clusters, each with n observations, a logit link and a single random and single fixed factor. The random effects, Uz, are assumed to be i.i.d. normally distributed. The example is so simplified it is a stretch to come up with a realistic situation it might reflect, but here is an attempt. Suppose we record Yij = 1 if a subject's blood pressure decreases on day j of treatment with a blood pressure drug at dose Xij, and is 0 otherwise. There are q individuals tested, each at n different doses. Since the intercept is zero, when the dose is 0 and for Ui equal to its mean of zero, the probability of a decrease is 0.5. The interpretation of Ui is the person-specific propensity to decrease or increase blood pressure in response to treatment (a type of individual-specific placebo effect). Since the model is specified conditionally, it is easiest to derive the likelihood


ONE AFTERNOON in the spring of 1999, while reading documents on eighteenthcentury Corpus Christi processions in the Archivo Historico de la Ciudad de Mexico as part of my doctoral research, I decided to take a break. As I walked toward the Zocalo, blocked streets and a throng of thousands confronted me in front of the Cathedral. I was puzzled. Was it another pro-Zapatista encampment or a rally of Evangelical Christians? Then I saw the priest in white, with monstrance raised, standing in the back of a truck that was slowly circling the square as a large crowd of people on foot followed the Communion Host. It was the procession of the feast day of Corpus Christi. Immersed in my own internal research dialogue, I had lost track of what day it was. I had completely missed the reality of the situation, even though what I was observing related directly to the past that I had just been reading about in old papers of the archive. Historical research takes place in the mind, and the past exists largely in the imagination, but the goal is still to represent a reality that happened outside of subjectivity. It is easy to get caught up in the internal logic of research plans and the trajectory of earlier interpretations and thus ignore what is actually facing one. During the course of archival research using Spanish documents, I found that the two best antidotes for the myopia of rigid historical preconceptions were an education in the mundane procedures of bureaucratic culture and the surprise of discovering types of documents of which I had been previously unaware. In this essay I describe the process of how I learned to discern the meanings of the types of Spanish-language documents that directed me toward two understudied themes of Nahua Christianity in late eighteenth-century Mexico: alms collectors traveling throughout rural New Spain carrying saints' images, and people coming to Mexico City to build triumphal arches in the streets during the feast of Corpus Christi.1 From 1766 to 1798, three major judicial and executive organizations—the Archdiocese of Mexico's Provisorato de Indios y Chinos, the Audiencia of New Spain's Juzgado General de Indios, and the Spanish Ayuntamiento (city council) of Mexico City—produced a wealth of sources on these two practices.2 These papers record more than just two fascinating religious practices. I have gathered from them a large body of data of ethnohistorical value. Lists of the names of indigenous men complete with town council positions and


With the development of Internet finance, the traditional supply chain finance is being extended to financial service based on e-commerce. In this condition, except for the financial data that traditional credit evaluation focuses on, non-financial factors based on the Internet and e-commerce platform should also be considered. This paper adopted empirical research method, building the structure equation model to verify some key non-financial factors which influenced supply chain finance credit level. We demonstrated that the transaction credit of financing enterprise, e-commerce platform credit and other specific factors had positive impact on supply chain finance credit level. This article provided some references for the credit risk management of supply chain finance under the environment of Internet and e-commerce.


The paper analyzed the abrasion of centrifugal fan impeller, to strengthen its processing to improve the wear resistant property of the surface of the vane, we choosed adding welding plate, surfacing welding wear-resisting layer, choosing suitable surfacing welding electrode, etc. Practical production results indicate that lifespan of the impeller increase about three times. Through actual production test, the above method is practicable, it can be promote to same other kinds of situation to be used.


In the field of seismic imaging, prestack techniques have proven their potential, especially in complex areas. These methods tend to be computer intensive and often require user interpretive input to guide them towards geologically sound models and seismic images. In turn, the development of 3-D seismic exploration has brought a dramatic increase in the volume of information that needs to be manipulated and processed by imaging systems. The challenge is therefore to develop methods that exploit the large volume of prestack information while preserving the necessary user control through interactive procedures and easy data visualization.


When processing a vocal track a commonly used technique is de-essing, the process of attenuating sibilant sounds. This can be done in different ways namely; de-essing with a dedicated device, using ...


This article is centred on the reading of the correspondence between José Lezama Lima and José Rodriguez Feo in the years 1945-1953, both editors of the Cuban journal Orígenes (1944-1956). We think that Origenes' fabric is made by the crossing of these letters, which content expresses the publication project and at the same time the position each of editors Segunda etapa Volumen 11 No. 13 Año 2007 38 occupies in this symbolic space. We centre our attention specially on the comments these writers make about literature and Spanish writers because we think that these comments let us understand the logic of some exclusions and inclusions related to one of the more representative foreign literature in the journal. At last, we see this correspondence as a space where we can see the cracks that later will lead to Origenes tenuous texture.


The sterilization effects on staphylococcus aureus of bamboo-vinegar distillates,which were separated by vacuum distillation,were determined according to the quantitative sterilization experiment standard.The influence factors taken into account included the volume concentration of the bactericide,action duration and so on.The results showed that splendid effects(bacteria killing efficiency was over 90 percent) of the distillate Ⅰ,distillate Ⅳ and bamboo-vinegar were achieved on the condition that the temperature was between 19 ℃ and 21 ℃,and the volume concentration was 2∶11.And the best action duration was 10 min.Compared with bamboo-vinegar,sterilization effects of three distillates on staphylococcus aureus were worse than that of bamboo-vinegar liquor,only distillate Ⅰ whose major component was acetic acid had the better sterilization effect.


Abstract The exact path integral solution of the relativistic Aharonov–Bohm–Dyon system is obtained by summing the perturbation series of a path integral for the relativistic systems. Different from an earlier treatment by the author (2000, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.)282, 270) based on the famous space-time transformation and complicated infinite multiple-valued transformation of Kustaanheimo and Stiefel in order to perform the path integral, the procedure developed in this contribution involves only the explicit form of a simple Green's function and an explicit path integral is avoided.


The optical conductivity (σ1) of SrTiO3 for various vacancies has been systematically studied using a combination of ultraviolet-vacuum ultraviolet reflectivity and spectroscopic ellipsometry. For cation (Ti) vacancies, σ1 shows large spectral weight transfer over a wide range of energy from as high as 35 eV to as low as 0.5 eV and the presence of mid-gap states, suggesting that strong correlations play an important role. Meanwhile, for anion (O) vacancies, σ1 shows changes from 7.4 eV up to 35 eV.


The article deals with the correlation between the geo-economic conditions of the territory of Taiwan and dynamics of development of one of the sectors of its service sphere, that of providing facilities for congress and exhibition activities. There have been analysed general trends of today's development of the congress and exhibition industry as well as its effect upon the growth and competitiveness of the national economy


In biomechanics, a still unresolved question is how to estimate with enough accuracy the volume and mass of each body segment of a subject. This is important for several applications ranging from the rehabilitation of injured subjects to the study of athletic performances via the analysis of the dynamic inertia of each body segment. However, traditionally this evaluation is done by referring to anthropometric tables or by approximating the volumes using manual measurements. We propose a novel method based on the 3D reconstruction of the subject's body using the commercial low-cost camera Kinect v2. The software developed performs body segment separation in a few minutes leveraging alpha shape approximation of 3D polyhedrons to quickly compute a Montecarlo volume estimation. The procedure was evaluated on a total of 30 healthy subjects and the resulting segments' lengths and masses were compared with the literature.


Introduces the development and application of custom tag in JSP,which actualizes the page display and the operation on database,takes the table display as an example,the custom tag,with the method of attribute exchange,which transfers the SQL sentence as a parameter,realizes the operation on database and the display of table.Therefore,when the style of display is to be changed,the change of the Tag Handle's content is all needed.


We generalize the notion of subisometric liftings of row contractions for liftings of completely contractive covariant representations of W*-correspondences. A theory of characteristic functions for such liftings of covariant representations is presented.


DEMOCRACY and development are subjects wluch are often found in close conjunction in both public discussion and academic studies. Indeed, in some political studies they are confused. However, the purpose of this analysis is not to examine the methodological missteps of writers on political development. Rather, it is intended to explore some of the problems that are involved in policy making in Chile, which both has a democratic polity and is clearly underdeveloped economically.' As such, the study has relevance for those interested in political development, but it does not utilize the concept for analytic purposes. Instead, the focus is primarily on the policy questions suggested long ago by Harold Lasswell as central to the study of politics: Who gets what, when and how? By doing so we intend to clarify some implications of democratic policy making for the achievement of social goals in economically underdeveloped countries. The policy area on which this study is centered is that of social security, one of the most important of all to a government which is


The drive to implement Ubiquitous Computing systems has driven the development of numerous research prototypes. Distributed systems platforms have emerged, each addressing a subset of the overall problem space. In contrast, many other scientiO¨Ac disciplines have success- fully embraced a standardised vision of a global distributed computing platform, i.e. the Grid. While the Grid certainly is far from perfect plat- form, in this position paper we argue that signiO¨Acant potential exists for building ubiquitous computing applications on a hitherto unprece- dented scale. Additionally, we explore the areas of synergy between Grid computing and ubiquitous computing and highlight a number of com- mon research challenges, and argue why this platform should be used to accelerate the deployment of ubiquitous computing.


Provided are plasma-aided gas storage methods and apparatus. In one embodiment, a porous powder bed assembly equipped with corona discharge electrodes is used to generate a non-equilibrium plasma of negatively ionized gas molecules which absorb onto porous particles, e.g., activated charcoal, to form a gas storage entity. Gas adsorbed onto the particles is desorbed at moderate temperatures by aid of ultraviolet light illumination.


Hydrogen-induced delayed fracture during dynamic charging of TiNi shape memory alloy, and the role of atomic hydrogen, hydrogen-induced martensite and hydride in hydrogen-induced delayed fracture have been investigated. The results show that hydrogen-induced delayed fracture in TiNi alloy could occur, and the normalized threshold stress intensity factor decreased linearly with increasing the total hydrogen concentration, i.e., KIH/KIC=2.01-0.25 LnCT. The content of hydride increased continuously during dynamic charging, and the fracture toughness of the TiNi alloy decreased gradually, which is the main cause of hydrogen-induced delayed fracture. The role of atomic hydrogen and hydrogen-induced martensite in hydrogen-induced delayed fracture was very small.


According to one aspect of the present invention, provided is a rotational pressing device capable of electrical control, the device comprising: a motor for providing torque to a predetermined rotational pressing means; a power control unit for supplying power to the motor; a central processing device for controlling the power control unit; and a rotational speed sensor for measuring the rotational speed of the motor or the rotational pressing means, and, in said rotational pressing device capable of electrical control, the central processing device comprises a fault detection unit for receiving the rotational speed transmitted from the rotational speed sensor, and the fault detection unit sends a control signal to the central processing device if a fault in the rotational speed is detected, such that the central processing device stops the power supply of the power control unit.


Several diagnostic criteria for bruxism can be taken from the literature; however, most of them have never been validated. This study examined whether predictor variables taken from physical examinations and questionnaires were related to the actual bruxism levels. Fifty dental students agreed to participate in this study and eight examination variables and seven questionnaire variables were collected from them. The subjects measured their nocturnal EMG activity from the right masseter muscle for six consecutive nights in their home by means of a portable EMG device. Off-line analysis was performed on data from second to sixth nights. By using a custom made software, all EMG activity elevations above a minimum threshold of 50% of each subject's individually established maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) level were quantified with regard to the duration and number of elevations and then three outcome variables, which were event number per hour (number ⁄ h), event duration per hour (duration h )1 ), and duration per event (duration ⁄ event), were calculated. A multiple stepwise regression (MSR) analysis was conducted to assess the 15 predictor variables and the three outcome variables. These MSR analyses revealed that the joint sound score remained in the regression equation as a predictor (n ¼ 50, P<0 AE05) of the likelihood that a subject would exhibit longer bruxism events (duration h )1 and number h )1 ). It must be noted that the self-awareness and tooth attrition status were found not to be strong predictors and even for the above variable where significant association was found, the likelihood ratio between the variable and predicted outcomes was not robust.


This study investigated the influence of work-family conflict and work stress on the psychological well-being among police Officers in Makurdi metropolis. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design, where three hundred and fourty six (346) police Officers consisting of 202 (58.7%) males and 143 (41.3%) females were used for the study. Their ages ranged from 18 to 64 years with the Mean of 411.61 (SD=11.226). Work- Family Conflict Scale (WFCS), Workplace Stress Scale (WSS) and Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale (RPWS) were used for data collection. Statistical analysis involved the use of Multiple regression. Findings from the hypotheses indicated that, work-family conflict significantly influenced psychological well-being among police Officers in Makurdi metropolis. Work stress significantly influenced psychological well-being among police Officers in Makurdi metropolis. Finally, the result showed that, work-family conflict and work stress had significant negative joint influence on psychological well-being among police Officers in Makurdi metropolis. Based on the findings, it was recommended that, Police Officers should be enlightened on how to manage work-family conflict and work stress. On policy basis, it was therefore recommended that government should evolve policies that are aimed at reducing work-family conflict and work stress among police Officers. Also, nongovernmental organizations with caring mind for the police Officers should help reduce work-family conflict and work stress, so as to enhance better policing by the Officers. Finally, more researches should be encouraged on the subject matter for further identification of long term solutions to the problems affecting psychological well-being of police Officers in Makurdi metropolis in particular, and Nigeria at large.


Stunting is one of the targets Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which are included in the 2nd sustainable development goal, namely eliminating hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030 and achieving food security. The target set is to reduce the number stunting up to 14% in 2024. Stunting caused by multi-dimensional factors and not only caused by PEM factors experienced by pregnant women or poor nutrition experienced by children under five. There is still a lack of household/family access to nutritious food, lack of access to clean water and sanitation. The aim of this research in the second year is to overcome the problem of stunting by empowering interventions for mothers of toddlers to improve water quality, knowledge and attitudes about PHBS and nutritional intake as well as the correct way of processing MPASI, so that they are able to provide food that meets the nutritional needs of toddlers stunting by using local local food. In this research, data analysis was carried out using the dependent t statistical test. The results of the interventions carried out provide an illustration of improving water quality, increasing mothers knowledge and attitudes about PHBS and balanced nutrition for toddlers, even joint cooking activities also improve mothers skills to be able to prepare nutritious, cheap and delicious food.


711The individual in international law — In general — Human rights and freedoms — European Convention on — Article 50 — Whether applicable on finding of breach of Article 6(1) — Effect of settlement between Applicant and Respondent Government Article 50 — Power of Court to award just satisfaction — Whether domestic remedies provide complete or partial reparation — restitutio in integrum Article 50 — Just satisfaction — Whether obligation to plead exact amount in claim — Pecuniary damage consisting of costs incurred in exercising domestic remedies and before Convention institutions — Whether relevant item — Non-pecuniary damage caused through established breach of Convention — Damage to professional and personal reputation and financial situation — Assessment of — Equitable basis under Article 50


We propose a new method for the selective detection of the antibiotic metronidazole (MNZ) using CB[7]-JAT (cucurbit[7]uril = CB[7] and JAT = jatrorrhizine) as a fluorescent probe, which is based on the competitive reaction between MNZ and JAT for the occupancy of the CB[7] cavity. The proposed method gives a good calibration curve in the concentration range of 0.38–60 μM, and the limit of detection for MNZ is 65 ng mL−1 with those obtained by the standard curve method. Moreover, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of MNZ in liquid milk. Most importantly, due to the high binding affinity between CB[7] and MNZ, the proposed method shows great anti-interference capacity to accurately detect MNZ in the presence of other antibiotics.


The expansion of cities and the progress of industrialization have been triggering a number of construction projects in the coastal areas where thick alluvial soils are accumulated. As the geotechnical engineering has been playing a major role in the coastal development, this paper discusses some of the activities of the TC30 that focus on the various engineering problems closely related to the actual engineering projects.


THE SUETONIUS-DONATUS LIFE of Virgil refers to the Aeneid as quasi amborum Homeri carminum instar, "a sort of equivalent of both Homer's poems," and the relationship of the second half of the Aeneid to the Iliad and of the first half to the Odyssey has often been pointed out and discussed. The object of this paper is to define the nature and extent of Virgil's use of the Odyssey and to try to account for it. I shall be concerned with details and individual passages only as part of the total picture.' The first half of the Aeneid corresponds with the first half of the Odyssey in that both are concerned with long voyages, and the centre of each poem marks the end of the hero's wanderings. But after that there is no further similarity: Odysseus returned to his family and expelled the suitors from his home; Aeneas came to a strange land, and had to fight full-scale battles against the Italians. It was as a wanderer that Aeneas seemed to Virgil something like Odysseus; after his wanderings were over he was in a situation which made him more like an Iliad-figure. What parts then of Aeneid 1-6 are Odyssean? Book 1 very much so, as we shall see; Book 2, the siege of Troy, not at all; Book 3, the wanderings, Odyssean in some parts but not in most; Book 4 not at all-in Book 1 Dido reminds us a little of Nausicaa, but never in 4; Book 5 (the games) is Homeric, but from Iliad 23, not from the slighter description of games in Odyssey 8. There is just a brief mention of the Sirens at the end of the book. Book 6 is Odyssean in its setting, corresponding with the Nekyia of Od. 11 in motivation and some incidents, but the differences are of course far more striking and the essence of the book (especially as revealed in the speech of Anchises) is very much post-Homeric. Books 1 and 3 then are the Odyssean books, and I take Book 3 first because it is first chronologically, being the "flash-back" account by Aeneas of the events which befell him before the start of the narrative in Book 1.


Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is one of the fastest growing in the tropics so that the development of oil palm plantation is the one threats of the decrease of biodiversity including herpetofauna. That is why this research becomes important to study the impact of oil palm plantation on diversity and composition of herpetofauna. This research was conducted in July 2018 in Ketapang District, West Kalimantan Province in two oil palm plantation companies (KGP and CNG). Data collecting were using Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method combined with Strip Transect Method, in five lands covers (young-aged, middle-aged, old-aged oil palm plantation, high conservation value, and shrubs area) taken simultaneously with three repetitions. The results of this study showed that the establishment of oil palm plantations has impacted species diversity and species composition of herpetofauna. This research showed that the species number of herpetofauna in oil palm plantations is higher than the baseline area. The result of this study also showed that the species diversity and richness of herpetofauna in the high conservation value area is higher compared to another land cover. However, the overall results showed that oil palm plantation has positive impacts to increased and loss of herpetofauna species, there are losing one species and gaining seven species in CNG oil palm plantation, and losing two species and gaining fifteen species in KGP oil palm plantation.


This paper describes how a cluster of nine secondary science teachers and lecturers from five schools and colleges in the United Kingdom designed and undertook small-scale action research projects as an approach to their own continuing professional development. The participating teachers identified a range of topics for investigation such as: student voice to inform curriculum planning; the use of STEM (Science Technology Engineering Mathematics) to raise student engagement and motivation in mathematics and literacy; and assessment and learning in practical work. The participants brought their research into practice either as individuals, pairs or within a team. Central to each project was the use of reflection as a primary approach to enable the teachers to self-evaluate their professional practice and gain a greater understanding of the wider contexts of teaching and learning. The key aim of establishing a cluster was to foster collaborative reflective practice and encourage a teacher-led process. Reflective practice was developed through the use of several approaches including: reflective discussions, audio reflections, a paper-based learning and evaluation tool, and an online hub. Teachers were particularly encouraged to use the latter three tools in an attempt to stimulate and structure their reflections critically about what was taking place in a given situation during their designed interventions, to identify suitable options, and to make tacit the knowledge gained about their approaches to classroom-based research.


Abstract : This paper deals with the problem of estimating the mean of a multivariate normal ditribution with a singular covariance matrix. A class of estimators is given which dominate the maximum likelihood estimator, under a quadratic loss. (Author)


Sexual dimorphism is exhibited remarkably in the female predominance of autoimmune diseases (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus, female‐to‐male ratio 9 : 1). To understand the female bias in autoimmunity, we focused on vestigial‐like family member 3 (VGLL3), a molecule with increased expression in females and known to promote autoimmunity. We report that VGLL3 mediates the cellular stress response by upregulating p53 and IL‐17C. Energy stress allows VGLL3 to be induced by IFNα, which ultimately leads to p53‐dependent, lupus‐associated, inflammatory cell death. Our results suggest that female‐biased expression of VGLL3 helps cells adapt to metabolic stress, which, intriguingly, is known as a significant challenge during the evolution of placental mammals due to the need to feed a developing embryo. The findings also uncover the importance of maintaining metabolic homeostasis in the prevention of autoimmunity.


Phase unwrapping (PU) based on spatial networks is a key procedure in time series synthetic aperture radar interferometry (TS-InSAR). Although the state-of-the-art techniques have shown good success in common cases, their performance remained uncertain in some challenging cases where the reliability of spatial networks is difficult, e.g., reservoir areas with sparse points. In this context, this letter presents a new 3-D PU method based on the fully connected spatiotemporal network (FCSN) to improve both the accuracy and robustness of PU. The rationale behind this is that we first implement a spatiotemporal network refinement including temporal interferogram pair selection and spatial network optimization. Based on the generated spatiotemporal network, we then establish a 3-D PU mathematical framework by elaborating the 2-D edgelist PU theory into the 3-D domain. In this framework, all interferograms are unwrapped using the integer linear programming (ILP) method under the minimum $L^{1}$ -Norm criterion. The new feature of the proposed method is that after a single solution search, all interferograms are unwrapped with relatively high accuracy. The experimental results on two real datasets confirm its effectiveness.


This article studies the vertebrate diversity in Shunhuang Mountain. The vertebrates have 22 orders, 51 families and 99 species found in this nature reserve, and the reptile species are the richest: 3 orders, 8 families and 28 species, achieving 7.4% of all the reptiles in our country. While the fish species are the fewest: only 2 orders, 3 families and 4 species which is 0.46% of all fishes in our country. The study shows that the species diversity is relative to the vegetation types, climate conditions and topography in the nature reserve. It is an important method for improving the protection of the vertebrate diversity in nature reserve to strengthen the its management and plan to remake the vegetation.


Hygrobates neooctoporus, a boreal species of water mite, appeared to prefer to lay eggs on the undersides of Elodea leaves. The eggs hatched in May and the larvae parasitized adult dipterans of the genus Metriocnemus. Nymphs were most abundant in July and adults in October. Firm, organically poor sediments, cold hard water, and a year- round abundance of Elodea plants were important microhabitat require- ments. Laboratory experiments showed this water mite to be photonega- tive, stenothermal, and to have a strong chemotaxic response.


We have identified a previously described 66K T4-binding protein as a lipoprotein composed of two molecules of apolipoprotein A-I, five of cholesteryl esters, nine of phosphatidylcholine, and two of sphingomyelin. This 68.4K high density lipoprotein (HDL) corresponds to the minor approximately 67K HDL subfraction that we recently demonstrated as binding most of the HDL-associated T4. Since we have recently found that lipids inhibit the binding of T4 to apolipoprotein A-I, the very low lipid content (16 mol/mol) of this 68K HDL relative to that (greater than 100 mol/mol) of high mol wt HDL subfractions may account for the preferential binding of T4 to the low mol wt subfraction.


This chapter focuses on transborder issues shaping transitions in Southeast Asian countries' health systems. In section 1, we address the regionalisation of health governance by examining economic and social policies and charters affecting health and healthcare within ASEAN. We look specifically at sovereignty concerns and shifts in national and sub-national responsibility/accountability, the circulation of health workers within the scope of the AEC, and the 'emptiness' of multi-lateral commitment on public health issues (e.g., tobacco and pollution). In section 2, we focus on the privatisation/commoditisation of health care, giving attention to the status of universal health coverage in select Southeast Asian countries as well as the growth in transborder flows of investment/ownership and health care provision/pursuits. Section 3 is dedicated to questions of vulnerability, health equity, rights and justice. It explore the effects of the issues described in sections 1 and 2 on different citizen/non-citizen and internal/international populations (e.g., economic migrants, refugees/asylum-seekers, environmental displacees, etc.).


In the tanning bath prepared by preparing a tanning nonmetallic tanned leather, skins or hides, comprising a tanning agent (A) tanning bated hides, skins or hides of the step, the tanning agent (A) is at least one compound of formula ( I) compounds wherein X represents fluorine, chlorine, and / or (+ NR3) 0-1, wherein R is a substituted C1-C6 alkyl or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, C6-C10 unsubstituted aryl group, or substituted C6-C10 aryl or C5-C6 heteroaryl; Rl represents hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, or of formula (Ia) alkylene group - (- C2-3 alkylene -O-) qH (Ia ); R2 represents hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 alkoxy; m represents 1 or 2; n represents 0-2; q is 1-10; m represents hydrogen or an alkali metal cation or ammonium cation, the ammonium cation is a protonated tertiary amine or quaternary ammonium cation; the tanning bath pH of 6-10 at the start of tanning step, where with (a) to soften without pre-pickled hides of or skins or hides for tanning.


industrial laboratory in the 1920s and 1930s. In the future, significant innovations in steel were process ones—the basic oxygen furnace and continuous casting. These innovations were clearly not part of the longstanding industry tradition of product innovation. Overall, however, Misa has done an excellent job characterizing the development of a dominant innovation process in the steel industry's formative period.


Abstract : This is the Final Report of a research project dealing with the conceptual development and empirical testing of the concept of self rewarding in work motivation.


Abstract : The analysis of Maneuver Functional Area (MFA) automation requirements was conducted to determine the need, value, and impact of extending automation within the Maneuver Battlefield Functional Area (BFA) below the battalion level. The MFA consists of Infantry, Armor, Aviation, Military Police, Engineer, Chemical and Signal units. This is a seven part study: (1) Identification of functionality (software) requirements; (2) Identification of hardware requirements; (3) Assessment of operational benefits; (4) Assessment of operational burdens; (5) Determination of correctable Battlefield Development Plan (BDP) deficiencies; (6) Identification of interface requirements with other BFA control systems; and (7) Cost analysis. The analysis was designed to determine and compare the various MFA proponent automation alternatives in order to identify each Operational Facility (OPFAC) where the addition of an automated device would substantially enhance the unit's capability to perform its mission. The results of this analysis will be used to formally document MFA specific hardware and software needs as an extension of the Maneuver Control System (MCS). Keywords: Command & Control systems; Command, Control, Communications & Intelligence; Battalion level organizations.


The development of superconductivity near 100 K allows hybrid superconductor/semiconductor electronic devices to be experimentally investigated as a means of realizing improved ultra high speed very large scale integration (VLSI) electronics. Incorporating superconductors into conventional semiconductor structures will be the most likely approach to developing hybrid VLSI devices. The analysis of passive hybridization (using superconductive interconnects) of semiconductor devices concludes that this approach might produce significant benefits in at least some cases. Active hybridization of semiconductor devices, in which the inclusion of superconductors in a semiconductor device significantly alters device operation, is treated briefly. Such devices might be a means of achieving revolutionary rather than evolutionary improvement of electronic systems. The hybridization schemes are illustrated with a proposed ultra high speed resonant tunneling transistor (RTT) structure and with hybrid MOSFET structures. From the processing perspective, rapid isothermal processing (RIP) based on incoherent light sources is a promising technology for the fabrication of hybrid devices.


The author considers the adaptive control of Markov chains under the weak accessibility condition with the objective of minimizing the learning loss. First, it is shown that, by using a stationary randomized control scheme, the maximum likelihood estimate of the unknown parameter converges exponentially fast to its true value. Then a certainty equivalence control with a forcing type scheme is constructed with alternative phases of forcing and certainty equivalence control. The stationary randomized control scheme for forcing is used in such a way that by cutting and pasting the resulting observations a single Markov chain is obtained. This in turn allows the rate of forcing to be chosen appropriately, giving a learning loss of O(f(n)log n) for any function f(n) to infinity as n to infinity .<<ETX>>


It the production of a multilayer ceramic substrate having a cavity, makes it possible to prepare a multi-layer ceramic substrate with excellent dimensional precision and a plan view of the cavity bottom surface. And in response to the cavity stacking a plurality of ceramic green sheets including the ceramic green sheet, through holes are formed by a stacked body, and forms a multi-layer ceramic substrate having a cavity by baking after press it. At this time, at the same time as laminating the shrinkage inhibitor green sheet on the ceramic surface of the green sheet of the outermost layer of the laminate, and placing the green sheet strip contraction inhibitor according to the cavity shape on the ceramic green sheet is exposed to the bottom of the cavity. Furthermore, loss on the green sheet side is contracted to place the inhibitor property sheet. Then, the contraction inhibitor green sheet strips or disappearing due to sheet-like green sheet of ceramic green sheets and for a separate embedded in a form to fill a cavity (separated parts by the cut) for performing a pressing and firing in one arrangement, reclamation after firing remove the plastic water green sheet. Green sheets, firing the cavity, the bottom surface, shrinkage, loss of property, a ceramic, multi-layer, shrinkage inhibitors


Many semantic computing systems use ontologies for knowledge representation and processing. Ontologies come with high degrees of both semantic expressiveness and formalization. They are, however not as widely spread as one would expect, mainly due to the fact that they are complex to handle and to edit. This demo presents a graphical editor for OWL Lite that allows users to interact with complex ontologies using a simple visual notation. It further breaks down complexity by allowing editing parts of ontologies. These partial views are called aspect views as they allow the user to concentrate on the part in question in the context in question. For instance, a person could be shown using different names depending on context (like Superman and Clark Kent). Even though aspects can be visualized and edited independently of each other the editor uses the full ontology to enforce simple constraints such as functional or transitive property definitions and combines the knowledge modeled in all aspects.


Aim: This study aimed to determine the correlation between orofacial structure and oropharyngeal airway space. Materials and Methods: It comprised of 160 individuals aged 14–24 years (males: 80 and females: 80), in which digital lateral cephalograms were taken. Linear and cephalometric analyses were performed in all cases. Results: Ba–PNS, apw2–ppw2, hy–apw2, distance between tongue and posterior pharyngeal wall (t–ppw), and Hormion perpendicular and anterior nasal spine-posterior nasal spine (ANS-PNS) showed significant difference between males and females (P < 0.05). Other distances such as Ba–ad1, Ba–ad2, Ptm–ad1, Ptm–ad2, PNS–ppw1, and apw4–ppw4 were statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Linear and cephalometric measurements showed that Ba–PNS, t–ppw, Hy–ppw2, distance between Ho perpendicular and ANS-PNS plane, and apw2–ppw2 were higher in males as compared to females. Lateral cephalograms are useful in orthodontics in performing tracings in individuals with a potential risk of malocclusion.