This paper describes a project which modelled the business processes in volved in the commercial sales process in a small company using Checkland s soft systems approach The aims of the project were to elicit a model of the commercial sales process which could be used to identify areas for improvement to evaluate the soft systems approach as a tool for business process modelling to evaluate HARDY a computerised tool for editing hypertext based diagrams as a support tool for the soft systems approach The results of the project showed that soft systems is a viable approach to business process modelling its strengths include the ability to structure a loosely de ned problem the modelling of an agreed ideal system and the identi cation of key attributes of each process However it also has weak nesses principally in the limited guidance available on how to construct soft systems models In the course of this project it was discovered that guid ance on model construction can be obtained from another source if a busi ness process required knowledge based reasoning then the CommonKADS methodology for the analysis and design of knowledge based systems can supply a generic model of that process which could then be instantiated to the task in hand Overview of the Soft Systems Approach The soft systems approach is based on the work of Peter Checkland at Lancaster University Checkland Checkland s thesis is that systems thinking con ceptualising real life as a system of interacting processes is a useful way of un derstanding these processes but the approach which is used to analyse hard sys tems software systems or other mechanistic systems is not suitable for analysing soft systems systems which involve human activity or human judgement such as the activities of business management He therefore proposes his own ap proach to the analysis of soft systems which has become fairly widely used be cause it has proved useful in solving problems in soft systems Checkland Checkland Scholes The essence of Checkland s approach is to identify one or more problem areas in a system and then to model only those business processes which are relevant to that problem area Checkland calls this identi cation of a relevant system The modelling is done by representing processes as nodes in a diagram and indicating the ow from one process to another using arrows Complex processes are often expanded into sub processes in separate diagrams An example of soft system modelling is shown below it concerns a consultant who was having problems providing his client with the type of report which the client desired The relevant system chosen is to consider the consultant client relationship simply as a transfer of advice from one party to the other all other aspects of the consultant client relationship are ignored The resulting advice transfer system is represented diagramatically as shown below Advice Transfer System Request for advice from client Expertise of consultant Satisfactory advice transferred from consultant to client for an agreed fee Figure The advice transfer system at the highest level of abstraction Define remit and agree fee Redefine remit and/or fee Monitor work Report to client Carry out work Decide how to report to client Satisfactory advice transferred from consultant to client for agreed fee Request for advice from client Expertise of consultant Figure The advice transfer system expanded into individual processes Appreciate remit in context Use concepts to do work required Assemble necessary concepts Expertise of consultant Expertise of consultant Figure A breakdown of the processes required to perform Carry out work This example is copied from a diagram in Checkland In addition Checkland s approach encourages the soft systems analyst to iden tify a number of attributes relating to each process These attributes are Actor who or what normally performs the action Customer whom the action is intended to bene t Owner who has authority over decisions made Environment the environment in which the soft system operates Worldview the underlying assumptions which participants in the soft system hold For example in the British coal industry of the early s it became clear that the managers on the Coal Board and the miners had quite di erent attitudes towards coal mining The Coal Board was keen to maximise the use of its expensive capital equipment a policy which required the machinery to be operated ve or six days per week However many miners were keen to earn enough money to get by while spending as little time as possible underground which required them to work four or even three shifts per week Checkland The combination of these three approaches identifying a relevant system de composing complex processes into subprocesses and identifying key attributes of each process produces a rich representation of a particular business process Once a relevant system has been de ned Checkland s recommended approach is to model the ideal version of the relevant system This is achieved by presenting the model to key participants in the process and iteratively re ning the model based on elicited comments until all participants agree that the model represents the ideal processes in this soft system Only then does the focus of modelling switch to processes which are actually carried out these processes are then compared with the ideal model and di erences are used as a starting point for recommending improvements to the process Example of the soft systems approach sales modelling The soft systems approach was used on a project which set out to model the commercial sales process in a small company To this end knowledge about the processes involved in sales was elicited from a number of experienced individuals in the target company On the basis of initial interviews it was decided that the biggest areas of uncertainty in the sales process were in the following up of an initial proposal for business and in the estimation of the likelihood of closing a potential sale It was therefore decided that the relevant system for this project was a Bid Management System in which the sales process was represented as a system for preparation re nement and resourcing of proposals for business bids From the interviews which had been carried out an initial attempt was made to identify the top level processes involved in the management of a bid This model was computerised and represented graphically using a hypertext and diagramming tool known as HARDY Smart the usefulness of HARDY is evaulated in section This top level model was then compared with the interviews at a de tailed level with the result that two processes Monitor progress of bid and Present discuss a work proposal with prospect at an appropriate level of detail were ex panded into subprocesses The diagrams generated were then printed out and used as a basis for discussion in further interviews with the key individuals in the target company This led to considerable re nement of the models and further expansion of Monitor progress of bid into a second level of subprocesses The nal top level model of the Bid Management system can be seen in Figure An example of one of the low level subprocesses the estimation of the likelihood of a bid being completed can be seen in Figure Plan actions to further this contract Perform planned actions Present & discuss a work proposal with prospect at an appropriate level of detail Marketing activities Obtain information about prospect's Money, Authority, Needs and Timing Monitor progress of bid Info to collect Current proposal Actions Further info about prospect Current proposal Current proposal Previous proposal(s) Information about prospect Prospect Marketing sources Further info about prospect Current proposal Predicted finances Predicted resourcing Information about prospect Technical & application foci Desirability of working with this client Actions Further actions Info to collect Prospect's interests


With communication and cooperation between China and Burma,the Burmese-Chinese have an increasing demand to learn Chinese,and Chinese education has developed fast in Burma.But a survey has shown that overseas Chinese education can hardly meet the need of the overseas Chinese.The survey is aimed at investigating the use of Chinese among the Burmese-Chinese,exploring effective ways in teaching Chinese,popularizing Chinese among overseas Chinese and promoting communication and cooperation in culture and education between the two countries.


This paper develops a model of unified growth based on a positive feed back between growth and longevity. The model explains the historical development of industrialized countries as well as why tropical countries did not follow the same path. It also gives a mechanism for conditional convergence, growth miracles, and leapfrogging. Development begins with slow growth but accelerates when longevity increase. When longevity reaches the threshold where schooling is adopted, growth jumps. In tropical climates this mechanism is blocked by the high prevalence of diseases. Once this obstacle is removed by medical progress, a growth miracle can occur.


Effect of heat stress on growth of eight wheat genotypes was evaluated. Total dry matter (TDM), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were lower at the initial stage of growth and increased with plant age and all the genotypes showed higher values at normal growing condition compared to late and very late growing condition in both the years. Growth attributes such as LAR for all the genotypes declined throughout the advancement of growth stages in each growing conditions of both years. The HT genotypes showed higher values of TDM, LAI, CGR and LAD compared to MHS and HS genotypes in both the years.


We review recent studies on the atomic hydrogen gas (HI) in galaxies at low redshift. The topics include how HI is accreted onto galaxies, how it is distributed in galaxies and related to the other galaxy properties, how it is used to form stars, and how it is affected by environmental effects. There is no direct evidence for on-going gas accretion at low redshift, implying that gas accretion has become gentle and hard to trace compared to at the high redshift. There is strong evidence that both the cluster$\slash$group environments and local galaxy number densities affect the HI content and further affect the star formation in galaxies, but how and when these happen still remain unclear to us. The distributions of HI in different galaxies have many common features, like the HI size-mass relation and the prevalence of HI warps. However we do not fully understand the physical drivers for these common features. At low gas column densities in galaxies, where the molecular gas is hardly detectable, HI seems to be a major regulator on star forming efficiency. Both the star forming region covering fraction and the star formation rate surface density correlate with the HI surface density. However it remains unclear how HI is turned to stars and regulated by other physical properties.We believe that the coming large HI surveys will shed light on these questions.


The healthcare information technology (HIT) marketplace—not Congress—should solve the problems with technology to aid physicians, according to electronic health record (EHR) vendors.


Extracellular traps (ETs) are chromatin structures and intracellular proteins that are extruded into leukocytes under inflammatory conditions. They were first described in neutrophils by Brinkmann et al (2004) calling them "neutrophil extracellular traps" (NETs). NETs, in addition to their role in defense mechanisms against pathogenic microorganisms, have been implicated in tissue damage, thrombosis, autoimmunity and even in cancer immunoedition. It is currently known that other leukocytes besides neutrophils are capable of generating ETs. Not all ETs are equal, this depends on the source of stimulation. Molecules required for antigen presentation and activation of T cells such as HLA-DR (CMH class II) can be expressed in stimulated neutrophils. The presence of beta-tubulin and HLA-DR has not been reported in ETs. The aim of this work was to generate ETs in leukocyte cultures exposed to stimulants such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or to formylated peptides (fMLP) and carry out the labeling of beta-tubulin and HLA-DR.
Autologous leukocyte cultures of healthy human blood samples (n = 10) with informed consent (HNC Ethics Committee, FCM), anticoagulated with heparin, were stimulated with 25 ng / ml of LPS or 0.25 ng / ml of fMLP, 30 minutes. Immunofluorescence technique with anti-beta tubulin and anti HLA-DR antibodies, DNA staining with DAPI. Paired blood samples provided controls. The ETs were visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy and the percentage of cells that release ETs was calculated as an average of five fields (400x) normalized by total number of cells.
Stimulation with LPS or fMLP increased the baseline level of leukocyte ETs derived from healthy donors (p<0.001, Student's t-test for paired samples). Beta-tubulin and HLA-DR molecules were located in the ETs of all groups.
The release of HLA-DR in ETs can influence the environment that favors the class II pathway of antigen presentation. The expression of beta-tubulin and HLA-DR contributes to a better understanding of the composition of the ETs generated by different stimulators. This may be important as a therapeutic objective in diseases in which ETs are involved in their pathogenesis.


Intellectual Property is a system of rights, which consists of many sub-rights. Such sub-rights may conflict with each other owing to the nature of intellectual property, the overlapping of the object, the singleness pattern of the legislation. The registered trademarks, one of the sub-rights, conflicts with other intellectual property such as copyright and other civil rights. This paper wants to search after the confirmations to solve the conflict between the prior right and the registered trademark right from the current theory about the intellectual property.


After the Korean War, human access to the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) was highly restricted. However, limited agricultural activity was allowed in the Civilian Control Zone (CCZ) surrounding the DMZ. In this study, land cover and vegetation changes in the western DMZ and CCZ from 1919 to 2017 were investigated. Coniferous forests were nearly completely destroyed during the war and were then converted to deciduous forests by ecological succession. Plains in the DMZ and CCZ areas showed different patterns of land cover changes. In the DMZ, pre-war rice paddies were gradually transformed into grasslands. These grasslands have not returned to forest, and this may be explained by wildfires set for military purposes or hydrological fluctuations in floodplains. Grasslands near the floodplains in the DMZ are highly valued for conservation as a rare land type. Most grasslands in the CCZ were converted back to rice paddies, consistent with their previous use. After the 1990s, ginseng cultivation in the CCZ increased. In addition, the landscape changes in the Korean DMZ and CCZ were affected by political circumstances between South and North Korea. Our results provide baseline information for the development of ecosystem management and conservation plans for the Korean DMZ and CCZ. Given the high biodiversity and ecological integrity of the Korean DMZ region, transboundary governance for conservation should be designed.


Abstract The study was aimed to identify the parents' view and perceptions of their adolescents' attitude towards premarital sex. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire for the adolescents' attitudes towards premarital sex (AATPSQ). The statistical analyses used were means and standard deviations for the research questions and a t-test for the hypotheses. The findings, among others, revealed that the male adult parents have no less than 21 permissive attitudes towards adolescents' premarital sex, while their female counterparts have 14 permissive attitudes toward premarital sex. Gender has a significant influence on the adult parents' views on the adolescents' attitude towards premarital sex. It was however recommended among others that the State Education Commission should work in collaboration with the curriculum designers to plan how best the adolescents in schools could be helped with sex and sex-related matters.


Doctors are being urged not to be "tempted to accept the negative myths about cooperating with industry" in a new guide to promote collaboration between healthcare organisations and the drug industry to improve care of patients in the United Kingdom.

The guidance is supported by organisations representing the industry and by healthcare bodies including the BMA, the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, and the royal colleges of GPs, physicians, and psychiatrists. The Department of Health for England, the NHS Confederation, and the governments of Scotland and Wales also back the guide, which is aimed at …


It is reported that for patients with non-paroxysmal (persistent or long-standing persistent) atrial fibrillation (Non-PAF), extended ablation to atrial walls in addition to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) did not improve the long-term outcome. On the other hand, modulation of Non-PAF drivers (or perpetuators) has been proposed as one of the alternative effective ablation strategies for Non-PAF.

 To clarify whether the rotor ablation under online real-time high-density phase mapping system is effective for PVI-refractory Non-PAF ablation.

 Under such circumstances, our academic group had recently developed the online real-time high-density phase mapping system (ExTRa Mapping™) by industrial alliance. The phase map moving images were based on 41 intra-atrial bipolar signals recorded by a 20-pole spiral-shaped catheter (2.5 cm in diameter) and on in silicorapid prediction of spatio-temporal atrial excitations (artificial intelligence system). Then we applied the ExTRa Mapping to clinical practice in order to directly visualize rotors in patients with Non-PAF, and investigated the middle- to long-term outcome of the ExTRa Mapping-guided rotor ablation (ExTRa-ABL).

 Thirty-eight patients (63±8 y/o, 30 males) with Non-PAF demonstrating refractoriness to PVI were enrolled in this study. Ablation for cavo-tricuspid isthmus and/or superior vena cava isolation was additionally performed at physicians' discretion. After these procedures, the ExTRa-ABL was performed in order to modify Non-PAF substrates, causing rotor control. The modification of the rotors was evaluated by re-mapping with the use of the ExTRa Mapping at the end of each ablation session. Patients were followed at 1, 3, 6 months and every year after the procedure. All of them were followed for 21±8 months. During the follow-up period, Non-PAF was recurred in only 8 of 38 (21%). Furthermore, we found if PVI-refractory Non-PAF duration was shorter than 6 years, the non-recurrence rate remained ≥80% (see Figure), which was markedly better outcome comparing with previous reports with regard to Non-PAF ablation.
 Figure 1

 Comparing with conventional Non-PAF ablation strategies, our novel approach with the use of the online real-time high-density phase mapping system might improve medium- to long-term outcome of PVI-refractory Non-PAF treatment.


Power system has appeared as a complex interconnected network due to competitive business environment. Power producers and consumers obligate for a precise price forecasting, as this information is an important part of decision making process. Decisions, regarding optimal scheduling of generators, bidding tactics and demand side organizations are based on price forecast. In recent years, development of new approaches for short term price forecasting has attracted the interest of the researchers. Electricity as a commodity consists of some distinct features that, firstly it can't be stock piled & secondly the volatile nature of the electricity price. With these two issues, forecasting of electricity price becomes an intimidating task for system planners and designers. This paper presents a hybrid approach based on linear regression and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to forecast short term electricity price. Linear Regression patterns are developed with the help of different factors of historical data of the electricity price. Two philosophies are developed with the combination of different factors. It is observed that method of similar days is effective. Further forecasted results of the regression models are given to SVM based supervised learning model which have tuned by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. It is observed that proposed hybrid approach shows better accuracy as compared with others.


Abstract DEFORMATION MODES OF UNIDIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED CARBIDE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES: IN SITU EXPERIMENTS IN THE HVEM RELATED TO MACROSCOPIC BEHAVIOUR In situ investigation of the plastic deformation in tension was performed in the high voltage electron microscope on a unidirectionally solidified metal matrix carbide-reinforced fibrous composite. This technique was particularly suitable for observing dislocation pile-ups against the fibres during the initial stage of plastic deformation. The dislocation configurations were found to be in perfect accordance with previous observations on bulk material. A theoretical analysis of the observed dislocation pile-ups led to an unambiguous determination of the deformation modes of such composites. La deformation plastique de composites de solidification, a matrice metallique renforcee par des fibres monocristallines parfaites de monocarbures de metaux de transition, a pu etre etudiee grâce a. des essais de traction in Situ effectues dans un microscope electroni...


− Adenosine production and its Adenosine exerts cardioprotective effects on the ischemic myocardium. A flexibly mounted microdialysis apparatus was used to measure the concentration of interstitial adenosine and to assess the activity of ecto- 5 '-nucleotidase ( a key enzyme responsible for adenosine production ) in in vivo rat hearts. The level of adenosine during adenosine 5 '-adenosine monophosphate ( AMP ) perfusion serves as an index of the activity of ecto- 5 '-nucleotidase in the tissue. Endogenous norepinephrine ( NE ) activates (cid:0) 1 -adrenoceptors to lead to the activation of protein kinase C ( PKC ) , which, in turn, activates ecto- 5 '-nucleotidase via phospho-rylation, thereby enhancing the production of interstitial adenosine. Histamine-induced release of NE activates PKC, which increases ecto- 5 '-nucleotidase activity and augments release of adenosine. Nicorandil, a hybrid of an ATP sensitive K + ( K ATP ) channel opener and nitrate, increases the level of interstitial adenosine via cGMP-mediated activation of ecto- 5 '-nucleotidase. Opening of cardiac K ATP channels may cause hydroxyl radical (・ OH ) generation. Nitric oxide ( NO ) facilitates the production of interstitial adenosine, via activation of ecto- 5 '-nucleotidase. However, singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) is a very powerful oxidant that causes inactivation of ecto- 5 '-nucleotidase to result in a decrease in the concentration of adenosine in rat heart. Adenosine plays an important role as a modulator of ischemic reperfusion injury. The production and ac-tion of adenosine are intimately linked to the release of NE.


A novel humidification dehumidification desalination system was developed at the Rohseneow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory. The HDH system runs by having different pressures in the humidifier and dehumidifier. One of the components that will keep the different pressures is an expander. The expander specification is to work with a pressure ratio of 1.2 while having a high efficiency. Two approaches were developed to achieve this result, one was through the design of a turbine and the second was through the selection and testing of a car turbocharger. The design of a turbine is given in detail and follows the process given in "Design of HighEfficiency Turbomachinery and Gas Turbines" by David Wilson. The final design of the turbine blades was sand cast. Due to the sand casting process, cavitation on the blade material was shown and testing of the blades was not pursued for fear of fast fracturing. The second option of selecting a turbocharger is shown and the process which led to its selection is explained. Through such process a K03 turbocharger was selected to be suitable to run at the low pressure ratios with a moderate efficiency. Testing of the K03 was conducted. The static-to-static isentropic efficiency calculated was 53% ± 11% for a pressure ratio of 1.2 while the total-to-total isentropic efficiency 60% ± 14% at a pressure ratio of 1.2. The high error associated with the efficiencies are due to the turbine experiencing small temperature drops in the order of 10'C or less. The K03 turbocharger is meant to run at higher pressure ratios, in the order of 2 with a manufacturer specified efficiency of 70%. Running the K03 at a pressure ratio of 1.2 decreases the efficiency since its not specified to run at those low pressure ratios. If a turbine or a turbocharger is designed for the exact specifications of the desalination system, it can work with low pressure ratios and be highly efficient. Thesis Supervisor: John H. Lienhard V Title: Samuel C. Collins Professor of Mechanical Engineering Acknowledgments Undertaking this project has been very tough and required the assistance of many people, and I can't possibly thank everyone. In the process of designing the axial turbine I would like to thank David Wilson for giving me suggestions on what to look for in designing the turbine blades. In producing the sand casted blades I thank Cody Daniel and Mike Tarkanian for offering their lab to cast the blades. In testing the K03 turbocharger I like to thank Zoltn Spakovszky for letting me use the equipment at the MIT Gas Turbine Laboratory (GTL) . Also I appreciate the help of the lab instructor, Jimmy Letendre for sharing his knowledge in setting up the equipment to use the GTL laboratory and giving me ideas on how to collect data. The Device Research Laboratory (DRL) lead by Professor Evelyn Wang, where I worked for two years I would like to thank the grad students for giving me great advice in the selection process of the turbocharger, giving me ideas on how to design the test setup and letting me use their equipment. Evelyn, I thank you for giving me the opportunity for working for the DRL lab, it truly has been a life changing experience. The DRL to me as been my MIT lab family, I can always count on their support and they have always made me feel welcomed in their lab even after I no longer worked with them. Andrej and Tom, thank you for taking me in as your undergrad UROP, it was through you that I got to know the DRL family and learn many of the skills I have today with experimentation. Arthur Kariya you where an awesome resource and friend to have, you help me so much in finishing this project with your vast knowledge in experimental testing. Moreover thanks for listening to me when I was frustrated on what to do next. DRL family I am in debt with your help. Lastly I like to thank the Rohsenow Kendall Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory (RKLab), lead by Professor John Lienhard V for giving me the resources to start and complete this project. Prakash I thank you for believing in me in achieving my goals and pushing me forward when times where dark. Ronan, I am grateful for helping me doing the thermodynamic analysis, helping me out in designing the test setup and procedure and helping me in testing the K03 turbocharger. Professor Lienhard, thank you for being understanding in my research process and more importantly for accepting me in the RKLab and trusting me with such a tremendous project. Through this project I have become a better engineer both in the design and testing aspects. I would like to end with a quote by Friedrich Nietzsche, a philosopher whom I love for his wittiness and wisdom, that I find appropriate in describing my decisions in life at MIT and outside "There is always some madness in love. But there is also always some reason in madness."


A device and a method for implementing multiple DRM(Digital Rights Management) systems in a low-efficiency storage device are provided to store data generated or secured in each DRM system to a portable storage device by connecting to a host device having an environment for simultaneously performing the DRM systems and the portable storage device having no multi-process environment. Each DRM system(414) provides DRM-related data and a data ID for identifying the data. A DRM system sharing interface module(412) adds a DRM system ID for identifying the DRM system to the data and the data ID, and provides the added data to the low-efficiency storage device(420). The data includes information for a content object and the information for an RO(Right Object). The low-efficiency storage device stores the data, the data ID, and the DRM system ID received from the DRM system sharing interface module.


The idea of this Special Issue appeared in early 2014, when the heat of the fire on Kyiv's Independence Square had not fully cooled down and when many civic activists and newborn volunteers had turned their ceaseless energy to yet another fire first in Crimea and then in Eastern Ukraine. The events that seemingly put the state of Ukraine on the brink of its very existence were evolving too fast, but civil society's response to them was no less prompt and adaptive. Volunteers and activists were trying on new roles each day as they were helping those escaping persecution, repression and hostilities, equipping and maintaining those who fought with weapons or joining their ranks, developing reform agenda and drafting legislative proposals. What seemed astounding back then, and still does today, was how those thousands of volunteers and millions of "ordinary citizens" who mobilized to support new civic initiatives took over the functions of the weak and nearly collapsed state eroded by corruption, nepotism, the neglect of its citizens and of the country's national interests. Challenging a post-Soviet monster disguised behind the mask of electoral democracy and market economy, citizens were bringing in a new social contract based on trust and solidarity on which a new state could be built. The speed of events and the scale of civil society engagement precluded any long-term comprehensive analysis, yet researchers' zeal to reflect upon what looked as a tectonic move in Ukraine's political and social development took over. At first, our idea was to co-author an article examining civil society's role in a post-Euromaidan Ukraine, but soon enough the task became too big. The initial idea thus evolved into producing an edited volume with different authors looking into their respective fields of civil society in Ukraine in order to grasp at least a small portion of change. We are grateful to many researchers in Ukraine and abroad who responded to our call for papers in May 2016 and who contributed their ideas to this Special Issue. Some of these ideas eventually turned into articles and we would like to give special thanks to those colleagues who bore with us through rounds of revisions till the very end of this journey. Their articles made this Special Issue happen. We are also grateful to the Kyiv-Mohyla Law and Politics Journal for hosting this Special Issue and for supporting our initiative from the early stages through review and editing to the publication process. We would like to thank UACES – the Academic Association for Contemporary European Studies , UESA – the Ukrainian European Studies Association and the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence in European Studies at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy for their financial and logistical support in organizing the Final Conference of this project, which took place at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy on November 21, 2017, the fourth anniversary of the Euromaidan. We are also enormously grateful to all the participants of the Conference for their remarks, comments and questions. Finally, we would like to extend our gratitude to the Kyiv office of Baker McKenzie , which has provided financial support to the publication of this Issue.


The temporal characteristics of sea-ice motion were analysed using the database of field observations obtained during the drift of the ice camp 'North Pole 32' in 2003. A characteristic length related to the stationary component of drift was revealed from the traversed path distribution while the acceleration events were found to be correlated in time. The Grassberger–Procaccia correlation function differs from the linear dependence (characteristic for uncorrelated events) the more the stronger accelerations are taken into account. The spatial scaling of the collection of sea-ice pieces was deduced from the analysis of satellite images of the region of drift. The temporal correlation of mechanical motion is combined with the spatial invariance of the sea-ice cover.


Under current law, students pursuing an undergraduate degree in the United States are considered financially independent (from their parents) for the purposes of financial aid if, among other conditions, they are 24 years of age or older. When students' parents are able to pay, considering them financially independent may result in more generous financial aid allocations. Such aid allocations may in turn constitute regressive redistribution. In this article, we explore the concept of `financial independence' and argue that the age condition results in unjust financial aid allocations. We also propose replacing the age condition with a minimum income condition and argue that less regressive redistribution would result.


Vulnerable populations such as children, older adults, and people with disabilities are disproportionately affected by large-scale disasters. This book is a valuable resource for students and professionals in the fields of social work, counselling, nursing, and mental health who need information on the best evidence-based interventions for disaster preparedness and response with these groups. The authors review disaster theory, preparedness checklists, and best practices for crisis intervention with each population. They also discuss where to find the latest assessment tools and other resources offered by national disaster relief organisations.


Biological cells display viscoelastic mechanical properties that are a key factor in the regulation of cell processes, such as migration, adhesion and deformability. One interesting tool to probe the mechanical properties of living cells and other complex systems is the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Rheological properties of the sample are obtained usually from the force-indentation (F-δ) measurements and by fitting with the Sneddon's modification of the Hertz model. This model describes the relationship between the force applied by a stiff cone, a purely elastic indentation in a flat and soft sample and the Young's modulus E. AFM uses a flexible cantilever with a pyramidal tip (or sphere) at the end that will locally indent the viscoelastic material. Another approach is to superpose low-amplitude sinusoidal oscillations to an initial identation δ0 (polyacrylamide gel or cells). Then one can determine the complex shear modulus G*...


Omnidirectional cameras are well suited for maneuvering tasks due to to their large field of view. We mounted two catadioptric cameras on a vehicle and provide the driver with a bird's-eye view of the surrounding area behind the vehicle as well as the area on the left and right hand side. In order to enlarge the field of view of the bird's-eye view image, we will show an extension to the bird's-eye view image that provides a larger field of view and thus simplifies challenging maneuvering tasks. An overlay onto the resulting image shows the motion path of the vehicle while reversing. This motion path is connected to the steering angle. The driver can easily see where the vehicle will move when the steering angle is not changed throughout the movement.


Another strength of the book is the analytical framework that Numrich and Wedam construct to examine their research questions. Their framework uses three sets of lenses: (1) they develop three ideal types of congregation—neighbourhood, area, metro—which are defined according to the geographic distribution of members. (2) They construct a means to analyse each congregation's formation of internal community by looking at ten congregational traits that shape its life. (3) They evaluate congregational action in the world by examining six different indicators of how a religious organisation might make an impact on its surroundings. The authors carefully set up their analytical framework at the beginning of the book, employ it consistently throughout, and in the final chapter offer an honest summary of their findings and critique of the framework's usefulness and generalisability. Numrich and Wedam also include comparative discussion about the 15 congregations. They organise their analysis in five chapters that discuss, respectively, neighbourhood Christian congregations, area Islamic congregations, area Chicago congregations (Jewish and Christian), area congregations in Naperville (Jewish and Christian), and metro congregations throughout the metro region (Hindu and Christian). Each of the case studies includes critical descriptions of the congregations' neighbourhood contexts, characteristics of their organisational cultures, and their mission orientations. Although these chapters overly rely on the Encyclopedia of Chicago as a single source for neighbourhood data, Numrich and Wedam offer richly detailed case studies that stay on point and help readers understand the complicated variety of factors that promote or discourage congregational agency in the city. The analytical framework and the authors' demonstration of its usability are, in my opinion, what make this book worth reading. The framework is robust enough to transcend the book's primary weakness, which is that it is anchored in data collection and analysis conducted primarily in the 1990s. The references to 20-year-old data and observations are frequent enough to make the book sometimes feel dated. The analytical framework, however, is not bound by time or geography. A twenty-first-century researcher could apply this framework to congregations in almost any city and make it work. This book makes a solid contribution to the still growing body of congregational research in the United States. Beyond that, it will be useful to congregational researchers, urban scholars, and scholars of religion, who wish to understand more fully religious and urban dynamics and the play between the two.


As an i mportant component part of a regional geological map,the cutting section can reflect the characteristics of subsurface strata and structure.but previousl y the cutting section of a geological map was produced by hand,so the producti on efficiency was low and the secfion not easy to kecp and update.The main ste ps of the production are as follows :(1)preparation of a vectorized geolog ical map,(2)auto-matic production of a cutting section by the computer,an d(3)interactive modifying and output of the cutting section.Take for exam ple the geological map of the Yujiashan area,Wuhan City,this paper proves tha t this system has high efficiency and good quality and so can meet the requireme nts for producing the cutting sections of geological maps of various scales .


The paper intends to bridge the existing gap between aesthetic knowledge and contemporary society. The first part focuses on the cultural turn in aesthetics, the roots of which can already be found in the English criticism of the eighteenth century. This enterprise is inspired by a methodology that regards aesthetics as a "meeting place" of many disciplines and varying cultural traditions. A second type of cultural turn is carried out by writers (e.g. Baudelaire): the target of their polemic is the concept of aesthetic disinterestedness. According to them, the beautiful, instead, has to create the greatest interest because it is none other than the promise of happiness. However, the two different approaches are not so incompatible as seems at first sight. Finally, the text focuses on the New Age and the culture of performance, which, even if presenting opposite traits, have one thing in common: they translate at the empirical and factual level experiences that originally belonged to another sphere, namely the spiritual and the symbolic.


The new-style Ce-modified zeolite adsorbent was prepared by modifying zeolite with cerium.The results showed that the adsorption capacity of Ce-modified for ammonia nitrogen was better than the La-modified and La-Ce compound modified zeolite.The adsorption rate of the ammonia nitrogen removal can reach 80.23% under the following conditions:the dosage of adsorbent is 2 g/L,the pH value of the solution is from 4 to 6 and the adsorption time is over 2.5 h,adsorption capacity of ammonia nitrogen decreases less than 7% after the absorbent regenerated 6 times,which meant a good stability of Ce-modified zeolite adsorbent.


The material for this investigation had already been obtained by Struve and Sahade, and consists of 54 grating spectrograms of dispersion 4.5 Â/mm secured with the 100-inch telescope of the Mount Wilson Observatory. Of these spectrograms, 35 were obtained outside primary eclipse. Usually the spectrum was obtained simultaneously on two plates, one of which was ten inches long and extended from the K line to Hs where it was out of focus, while the shorter piece extended from just below the K line to beyond the limit of the Balmer series. In only a few instances was the short piece omitted.


Deep pays, slow drilling, high-pourpoint crude, and other problems have plagued Uinta basin operators since discovery. Many of the wells drilled in the Altamont area could be classed as experimental because new ideas were always getting field trials. New bit types were tried, weight on the bit and rotary speed were juggled to find an affective combination, casing programs were subject to change, and completion techniques varied from simple to complex. As things are looking now, casing design is almost standardized, perforation density is about the same in all wells, acid jobs are routine, and new tests with diamond bits show promise. All operators install a heat string to provide heat in the well bore down to about 4,000 ft, but one producer has it on standby only. It is there to heat congealed crude if the well must be shut in. All others continuously circulate diesel oil, glycol-water mix or other liquid. Shell Oil Co., an extremely active operator in the Uinta Basin, has adopted a casing program.


Microreactor technology is reported to have many benefits over regular chemical methods. Due to the small dimensions over which temperature and concentration gradients can exist, mass and heat transfer can be very quick. This could minimize the time needed for heating and mixing, due to a reduction in diffusion limitation. Furthermore, a very low fluid to chip volume ratio could facilitate a very stable fluid temperature. The goal of this thesis research was to investigate the effect of the use of microreactors on enzyme kinetics and the thermal behaviour of fluids inside the chip. First, the effect of the design and use of a microsystem on the fluid temperature inside the microfluidic chip was investigated experimentally and with computer models. A stable and predictable temperature is of great importance for running (enzymatic) processes in a microchip. Next, we used model enzyme reactions to investigate whether the enzyme kinetics were different on micro and bench scale, and when diffusion would play a role. Furthermore, some social and ethical aspects of microreactor technology applications were studied. To ensure a stable and predictable temperature of the fluids inside the microreactor, the microsystem should be properly designed and used. To test these two aspects, we investigated the effect of practical use (chapter 2) and design parameters (chapter 3) on this fluid temperature. The micro system used in this research consisted of a PEEK chipholder, a relatively small heater, a glass microchip, and surrounding air. We conducted experiments and used computational fluid dynamics models to understand the effect of all varied parameters. In the design of the system, the chipholder shape and material (with its density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity) dominated the temperature of the fluid inside the chip. A temperature gradient as large as 40°C was observed over the length of the chip. This temperature profile at fluid level can be changed by adapting the geometry and material of the chipholder. The results show that a uniform temperature is highly dependent on the correct design of the integrated system of chip, chipholder, and heater. The practical use of the chip with moderate air flow over the chip and moderate fluid flow rates through the channel had no effect on the fluid temperature. A well designed micro system can therefore be considered thermally robust under moderate processing conditions. The microsystem from chapters 2 and 3 was used for enzyme reactions on micro scale. The kinetic parameters of a lipase catalyzed esterification reaction (chapter 4) and a β-galactosidase catalyzed hydrolysis reaction (chapter 5) on this micro scale were the same as those found on bench scale. Kinetic and thermal (in-)activation results obtained on micro scale can be used for large scale processing. This can bring down optimization costs by reducing the required amount of enzyme and chemicals. Next, we found that at residence times below a few seconds, diffusion effects limited the reaction rate and therefore reduced the conversion per volume of enzyme microreactor. This effect of diffusion on the conversion increased quadratically with channel width, increased with enzyme concentration, and decreased with substrate concentration. When an enzyme microreactor system should be run efficiently, these factors should be explored to avoid diffusion limitation and subsequent reduced volumetric productivity. With microreactor technology reaching maturity, a wider application of the technology could be imagined. With increasing application the impact it will have on society will also increase. In chapter 6, three examples of microreactor technology applications in nutrition, in medicine, and in energy carrier supply were investigated. The benefits and costs, and their distribution were discussed for these examples. Furthermore, possible strategies of communication surrounding a public introduction of such a novel technology were considered. The applications proposed in this chapter were only three out of an infinite number of possibilities. However, the discussion of these examples can be used as a framework for discussing future applications as they might be developed in the future. A societal backlash as with the GMO-scare in 1990s, can be avoided when the relevant issues are communicated appropriately and timely. This could improve the chances of success of this technology in the market. In this thesis we have shown that microreactors can be a useful tool for reaction engineering. Their use could reduce the required amount of enzyme and chemicals for optimization. Furthermore, they can be used to study processes with a very short residence time. To use microreactor technology effectively, one does have to consider whether the scale is appropriate, and whether that the system, including chipholder, interfaces to the outer world and thermal actuators, is properly designed and used.


One dimensional s-wave superconductor with spin-orbit coupling is a platform for the realization of Majorana zero modes. The spin-exchange with the magnetic skyrmion lattice can induce spin-orbit coupling in a s-wave superconductor system and the effects are different from the constant spin-orbit coupling. The strength of the effective spin-orbit coupling as well as the rich topoloigcal phase diagram are directly connected to the radius of the skyrmion lattice R. We obtain the rich topological phase diagram of this system with different skyrmion lattice radius by numerically evaluate the spectrum of the system in the periodic boundary condition, and we also find the Majorana zero modes in the open boundary condition to verify the bulk-edge corespondence.


The utility model provides an on-off device, which comprises a control circuit and a switching circuit. An external interface comprises an on-off signal input interface, a host switch signal output interface, an external device electric power cord input interface, an external device electric power cord output interface, a host computer electric power cord input interface and a host computer electric power cord output interface, wherein the on-off signal input interface and the host switch signal output interface are respectively connected with the control circuit; the external device electric power cord input interface and the external device electric power cord output interface are respectively connected with the switching circuit; the host computer electric power cord input interface and the host computer electric power cord output interface are respectively connected with the switching circuit; the control circuit is used for controlling the action of the switching circuit and the output of the host switch signal according to the on-off signal; and the switching circuit is used for performing the on-off operation on the external device and the host computer under the control of the control circuit. Various pieces of equipment in an automatic terminal can be started up in sequence.


Digital Microfluidic Biochip (DMFB) is a ground-breaking invention in many areas of Microelectronics, Biochemistry, and Biomedical sciences. It is also known as `Lab-on-a-Chip' for its performance as an alternative for laboratory experiments. Various types of diagnosis procedures are performed on it through a sequence of modular operations like sample preparation, mixing, and detection. Mixing is the most important operation of DMFB as the outcome of the experiment is almost dominated by mixing. A good mixing of corresponding sample and reagent gives proper result while an improper mixing leads to erroneous result, which may be the reason to discard the assay. So, our objective is the betterment of mixing operation. In this paper, we have proposed a design using equilateral triangular electrodes instead of square electrodes, maintaining all the constraints required to ensure safe droplet movement and other modular operations, while improvement of the mixing operation is the key design issue.


Wards and services are already being targeted for closure as pressure grows for the NHS to save money, unions have warned.


Introduction: Simulation is used as a teaching technique in the medical curriculum, and especially for advanced life support (ALS). However, simulated ALS can differ greatly from real life ALS. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify the different disruptors associated with real life ALS. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous, online survey that included 32 items. It was distributed by email to emergency physicians from five emergency departments in Paris. The aim of this online survey was to identify the elements perceived as disruptors during ALS. Other aspects of the survey explored the perceived differences between simulated ALS and real life ALS. Descriptive statistics of percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the data. Results: Among 100 surveyed physicians, 43 (43%) answers were analysed. 53% were women with a mean age of 32 ± 3 years old. The identified disruptors from real life ALS were task interruptions mainly from non-medical staff (n = 16; 37%), patient's siblings (n = 5; 12%), other specialists (n = 5; 12%) and the phone calls (n = 2; 5%). The situation of ED overcrowding (n = 12; 28%) was also mentioned as a potential disruptor. Overall, physicians reported that some technical and non-technical tasks were harder to perform in real life compared to simulated sessions. Conclusion: This exploratory study allowed the identification of disruptors encountered in real life cases of ALS, and may be used for future simulation-based teaching to enhance realism during sessions


A preconcentration-storing technique that does not require any special or expensive apparatus and reagents was developed to monitor mercury in rainwater and snow at many points as simultaneously as possible. A commercially available sodium hypochlorite solution was added to the sample solution to prevent a decrease in mercury concentration after sampling. Mercury(II) ion (0.5-50 ng) in 500 mL of the sample solution was concentrated by adding zinc(II) ion and a small amount of sulfide ion and then coagulating/coprecipitating with Zn(OH) 2 or ZnS after reduction of residual hypochlorite by addition of hydroxylammonium chloride. The supernatant solution was discarded by decantation, and the solution including the precipitates could be stored for at least 20 days without any loss of mercury. The recoveries of mercury(II) ion from the 500 mL of the sample solutions spiked with mercury(II) ions were 99-109%, with standard deviation ranges of 3-8%, although the recovery of methylmercury(II) ion was 68 ± 5%. Using this technique, the determination of mercury in rainwater and snow was demonstrated at Toyama Prefecture, Japan, from April 2004 to February 2005; mercury levels ranging from 2.7 to 33.7 ng L -1 were found.


Obfective To determine lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and the C-reactive protein(CRP) in the inflamation patients in gynecology department,and discuss its diagnosis significance.Methods Speed scattering turbidimetric method is used to determines 70 patients Lp(a) and CRP.Result Average of Lp(a) in the inflammation group is 275.1mg/L,the control group is 173.5mg/L,with extremly remarkable difference(P0.01).Lp(a) in inflammation time is obvious correlated with CRP(r=0.53,P0.001),Lp(a) in recovery period drops remarkably compared with CRP(P0.01).Conclusion Compared with CRP,Lp(a) obvious increase with inflammation,Lp(a) determination has the application value to the gynecology inflammation diagnosis and the treatment.


Over the last twenty years or so the number of international students in Australia has grown rapidly. At the same time, official responsibility for providing support to international students has been devolved from governments to educational institutions. In this paper we argue that while education institutions have a significant role in supporting international students, there is a large gap in social support provided to them when off-campus. This is a gap which we believe could be filled by local government, to provide international students with greater integration and security when they are off campus. The ideas outlined in this paper are based on a critical examination of international students' experience in Australia and are intended to contribute to and advance recent debates about the safety, security and value of international students to Australian society. We argue that international students' status as temporary visitors creates the conditions for social exclusion, that is, an inability to engage fully in the economic, cultural, social and political aspects of Australian life. In light of this, we suggest that local government, especially as it relates to the provision of human services, has a role in helping international students access social support services. We argue that local government can be instrumental in ensuring the social inclusion of international students in our communities. This, we suggest, would improve international students' overall study experience and contribute to their greater integration and participation in the Australian community.


In order to investigate the performance of microprobe in integrated circuit (IC) testing, a novel testing system with four-wire cable tester and contact force sensor is deployed using high-density microprobes whose resistance and contact force are automatically measured and saved using LabVIEW. The testing resistance is statistically analyzed for DE1-030EB40-010 type probes with adjusted testing parameters. The results show that the displacement effect is significant for resistance testing. In addition, the testing resistance is not a stable and small value until the displacement exceeds 300 μm. Furthermore, the velocity of microprobe varying from 25 to 40 mm/s leads to a minimum deviation. The life cycle testing experiments indicate that some microprobe life cycles are , whereas other life cycles are only 70000 times. It is also found that the contact force is decreased with the increase of life cycles, whereas the decreased contact force results in poor contact between microprobe and IC, which in turn affects the life cycle of the microprobe.


Neural text classifiers of agglutinative languages often suffer from large vocabulary sizes of training data and high out of vocabulary rates during the test time. The natural language processing community has developed and used numerous word segmentation procedures to alleviate these problems. However, their effect on the performance of neural classifiers of Turkish documents requires further investigation. In this empirical study, we carry out an extensive series of experiments to investigate the effect of the choice of word segmentation procedure on the performance of three different neural text classifiers on Turkish documents across multiple domains. Our experiments show that the choice of word segmentation procedure is another hyperparameter that needs tuning. This choice may depend on the domain and the neural architecture.


The clear magnetic resonance (MR) images play an important role in clinical medicine and diagnosis. However, its application in clinical diagnosis may be limited by the long acquisition and transformation time of MR images. To deal with this disadvantage, compressed sensing methods have been widely used in real reconstructing MR images. This paper presents an accurate and efficient compressed sensing model based on median filter for MR image reconstruction. By combining a total variation term, a median filter term which are presented in the L1 norm formulation and a data fitting term together, we propose a minimization problem for image reconstruction. The L1 norm formulation guarantees that the split Bregman method can be applied to efficiently minimize the energy functional in both the total variation term and the median filter term. We apply our model to lots of MR images to test its performance and compare it with a related method. Experimental results show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model.


The electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of manganese tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine (Mn-TMPyP) in aqueous media have been studied. For MnIIITMPyP two water molecules ligate to the metal center and the formation constant(β2) is 0.11 in acetonitrile solution. The pKa1 and pKa2 for MnIIIIMPyP(H20)2 are 10.9 and 12.3, respectively in aqueous media. There is only one pKa at 11.7 for MnIIIMPyP(H2O)2. The pKa of the oxo-manganese(IV) porphyrin, O = MnIVTMPyP(H2O), is 11.3. MnIITMPyP demetallates rapidly to free base in acidic aqueous solution. MnIITMPyP also undergoes electrocatalysis for oxygen reduction. In acidic conditions, demetallation and catalysis rates are competitive. The transmetallation of MnTMPyP by Zn2+ can be achieved in the presence of thiols. The UV-Visible spectra in the reaction process suggest that the formation of some reactive intermediate is essential for the transmetallation.


The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program subordinates recipients to a series of requirements, sanctions, and stacked incentives aimed at rectifying their personal choices and family practices. In exchange for welfare, TANF recipients must surrender or compromise their vocational freedom, sexual privacy, and reproductive choice, as well as the right to make intimate decisions about how to be and raise a family. As TANF's foremost objective is to restore the patriarchal family, numerous provisions promote marriage and paternal headship while frustrating childbearing and child-raising rights outside of marriage. Implementation decisions and a new wave of welfare reform underscore the centrality of marriage in welfare policy. The current thrust of welfare policy en courages poor mothers to be dependent on men, punishes them for independence, and withholds the material recognition necessary to sustain independence.


The dendritic copolymer poly(L-lactide)-dendron-poly(ethylene glycol)-dendron-poly(L-lactide) was characterized by()~1H-NMR spectra and gel permeation chromatography(GPC).The result shows that the synthesized copolymer has the expected structure.Polymeric micelles were prepared by adding water into the tetrahydrofuran(THF) solution of poly(L-lactide)-dendron-poly(ethylene glycol)-dendron-poly(L-lactide).Scanning electronic microscope(SEM),atomic force microscope(AFM),dynamic light scattering(DLS) were used to investigate morphology,size and size distribution of the micelles before and after freeze drying. The experimental results reveal that the copolymer micelle is a vesicle with hollow construction.Potential molecular packing model for the walls of the copolymer micelles may be the bilayer architecture or the monolayer interdigitate architecture.After freeze drying,the micelles are redispersed easily and invariable.


TEM specimens prepared using a Ga FIB are susceptible to artifacts, such as surface amorphization and ion-implanted layers, that can be problematic in advanced technology nodes, particularly for FinFETs. As this article shows, however, post-FIB cleaning via concentrated argon ion milling makes for a fast and effective specimen preparation process for FinFET devices controlled to a thickness of less than 20 nm. Although the results presented here are based on 14 nm node FinFETs, the method is also applicable to the 10 and 7 nm FinFET technologies currently in production.


This paper presents the problem of occupational stress which is becoming the visible element of disadvantageous psycho-sociological working conditions. The issue was described on the basis of the research carried out among the workers of the coal dressing plant (which is the integral part of the coal mine). The paper provides with the theoretical background to the problem of occupational stress. It also depicts the methodology of the research. The analysis and results presented show the influence of stress factors on the well –being and health of the workers. The results indicate preventive measures which are aimed at reducing the occupational stress thus improving the safety of working conditions. UKD 622.333: 622.331.43/.44: 622.331.103.3


We study the parameter space of the effective (with two scalars) models of cosmological inflation and primordial black hole (PBH) formation in the modified (R + R 2) supergravity. Our models describe double inflation, whose first stage is driven by Starobinsky's scalaron coming from the R 2 gravity, and whose second stage is driven by another scalar belonging to the supergravity multiplet. The ultra-slow-roll regime between the two stages leads a large peak (enhancement) in the power spectrum of scalar perturbations, which results in efficient PBH formation. Both inflation and PBH formation are generic in our models, while those PBH can account for a significant part or the whole of dark matter. Some of the earlier proposed models in the same class are in tension (over 3σ) with the observed value of the scalar tilt n s, so that we study more general models with more parameters, and investigate the dependence of the cosmological tilts (n s, r) and the scalar power spectrum enhancement upon the parameters. The PBH masses and their density fraction (as part of dark matter) are also calculated. A good agreement (between 2σ and 3σ) with the observed value of n s requires fine tuning of the parameters, and it is only realized in the so-called δ-models. Our models offer the (super)gravitational origin of inflation, PBH and dark matter together, and may be confirmed or falsified by future precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation and PBH-induced gravitational waves.


What can you learn when you open a new library building? Many things. But those who have experienced moving their library (or libraries) to a new building may also say: expect the unexpected. We would think that any new lesson learnt in the process would be focused around something that we didn't know about at all or some advanced knowledge that we haven't yet discovered. In our case, we didn't expect that something as unexpected as library zoning, and users' expectations around it, would shake up our idea of what we thought we knew about our students. And this is what exactly happened, but let's start from the beginning.


Ever since World War I1 there has been increasing interest among psychologists in the identification at the high school level of young people with scientific talent, although popular interest was not aroused until the appearance of Sputnik. Since 1944 Brandwein at Forest Hills High School has been carrying on research on this question, and some of his results have been published (2 ) . Roe has made careful studies of the traits associated with workers in the various scientific fields ( 10, pp. 2 13-225 ) . The National Science Foundation is at present sponsoring a systematic study, the Scientific Careers Project, of the various factors which contribute toward the choice of science as a career. A preliminary report has already appeared based on this project ( 1 ) ."


ABSTRACT This paper examines 'The Natures of Conceptual Change', the Notre Dame lectures given by Kuhn in 1980. In particular, I aim to examine the content of these lectures which was not published before. This exegetical task will shed light on the sources of the notion of taxonomy used in these lectures for the first time with the explicit philosophical purposes. It also will shed new light on Kuhn's position regarding the causal theory of reference. Reviewing these archival materials paves the way for intertextual comparisons, as Kuhn included part of these lectures in the texts published later and in the book Plurality of Worlds: an Evolutionary Theory of Scientific Development. In recent years, the publication of Kuhn's archival material and the research on these texts increased in quantity and quality. Faced with this encouraging landscape, a comparative examination of the different unpublished texts is crucial to refining both our research tools on Kuhn's intellectual biography and the philosophical work inspired by his proposal.


The epidemiology aims to describe and explain the dynamics of population health, identify the elements that compose it and understand the forces that govern it, in addition to promoting health, preventing and controlling diseases through the knowledge of their causes, in order to intervene in the course of their natural development to modify them [1,2]. The nascent development of capitalism gave new impetus to the development of epidemiology and a renewed nuance to the causal conception of morbid states. The millennium change served as a pretext to discuss the future of this scientific discipline and its role in improving the health of the population. The debate provoked several visions about it and served to outline a new time in epidemiological research, in which the preponderance of the method and the identification of disease risk factors is limited, and gives way to an epidemiological investigation that aims to locate the etiological theories at the center of the discipline and at the origin of the research. The population perspective of epidemiology is resumed and the relevance of the social, cultural and environmental contexts, in which the research and practice of epidemiology is developed, is emphasized.


The temperature effects on the spectral properties and photo-physics of a new d 8 - d 8 dinuclear Pt II chromophore, [ Pt ( ppy )( μ - Ph 2 pz )] 2 ( ppy is 2-phenylpyridine and Ph 2 pz is 3,5-diphenylpyrazolate ) , have been investigated. The thermochromic shifts are tentatively ascribed to intramolecular σ interactions between the two pseudocofacial d z 2 orbitals. Substantial emission profile changes occur in the solid state, solution, and doped polymer films.


Blade enlargement has become a major trend of future development in the wind turbine manufacturing industry. This leads to the significant structural deformation of blades in wind turbines (Mo et al., 2015). Furthermore, because of the variation in aerodynamic performance due to the structural deformation, which will further disturb the downstream wind turbines in a wind farm. Therefore, the study on the performance of wind turbines considering deformation and disturbance effect is becoming a key issue in loads predicting and wake interference effect. In the present work, an elastic actuator line model combined with Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is developed to perform aeroelastic simulations for wind turbines. The coupled aeroelastic performance includes the aerodynamic loads, deformation of the structure of blades, and wake field characteristics. Moreover, the interference effect in the downstream wind turbine is also discussed when the aeroelastic is considered.


Award-winning investigative journalist Robert Kolker follows the success of Lost Girls with the incredible story of the Galvin family and the impact of schizophrenia on their lives. Kolker follows the story of Don and Mimi Galvin who, along with their 12 children, represented the 'perfect all-American family' – that is until 6 of their sons developed schizophrenia. After a whistle-stop tour of the history of psychology and psychiatry, Kolker deftly navigates us from the first Galvin brother's diagnosis in the 1960s through many pharmacological, genetic and psychological advances right up to our present-day understanding of schizophrenia. The book examines the conflicts within psychiatry over the years, poignantly portraying a family lost in the gulf of a specialty at war with itself. Kolker deals sensitively and compassionately with the more challenging themes of sexual abuse, suicide and even murder, presenting the differing experiences of many of the family members in a thoughtful and considered way. A real strength of this book is that it also considers the experiences of 'well' family members, whose lives are so affected by their brothers' illness. The hero of this story is undoubtedly Mimi Galvin: dismissed early on as the typical 'schizophrenogenic mother', she provides a lesson in love, loss and resilience and reminds us of the lengths to which a mother will go to protect her family. Despite being marketed to the general public, the skilful mix of scientific detail coupled with engaging storytelling makes this book essential reading, particularly for psychiatry trainees. In addition to its clear educational value, for me this book served as a reminder of the importance of compassion in our services – not only to the patients themselves but to all those involved in their care. You need look no further than the acknowledgements section to see the time, effort and genuine care that went into putting this story together with the help of the remaining Galvin family members. I believe this is something that, as psychiatrists, we can also bring to assembling and understanding our own patients' stories.


Ion diffusion rate and contact surface area of conducting polymers increased by composite formation with nanometric-size materials make them promising materials in the fabrication of energy storage devices. In this work, electronically conducting polyaniline and manganese oxide (PANI/MnO2) nanofibrous composites were electrochemically co-deposited on stainless steel from binder-free electrolyte solution. Structural characterization and morphological characterization of the materials were performed with Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images show fibrous micro/nano-architecture of the composites with cluster networking structure having 200–500 nm length and 100–200 nm diameter. Electrochemical and energy storage properties of the as-synthesized materials were investigated with cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge discharge curves(GCDC), and potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) without any binders. Electrochemical measurements as well as galvanostatic charge discharge curves at 1 mA constant current have shown maximum specific capacitance of 149 F/g for the composite prepared with 0.15 M MnSO4 in the co-deposition bath. The composites retain 67% specific capacitance even after 400 cycles, indicating the stability of synthesized composite. PEIS confirms the pseudocapacitive nature of the synthesized composites.


The ubiquitous adoption of mobile computing devices has implicated all of us in a techno-social system of interaction dominated by the codified and computational logic of the game. This paper will examines the modes by which these computational structures, in the guise of games, have come to dominate our understanding of, and interaction with, the non-game world. It will then identify how the application of this logic creates cognitive and phenomenological ruptures, which can be leveraged by creative individuals to reveal logical fallacies within the applied structures. Throughout, it will identify and analyze creative practices that exemplify responses to these logical fallacies in order to identify ways in which a new class of creative individuals is emerging to tackle the dangerous slippage between gamespace (the space of play, games) and gameic (gamic) space (ordinary/real life to which ludic properties have been applied).


The effect of 60Co γ-rays at different dosage on growth, tangle and structure of cell shape of Agarius blazei Murill(Abm) hypha were studied. The experiment results showed that the cell wall of treatment Abm hypha was thicker than that of the control, huge separation between cytoplasm and cell wall of Abm hypha appeared when Abm hypha was irradiated at the low dosage (0.2~0.5kGy). The cell wall became thin and small separation between cytoplasm and cell wall appeared with the increase of the irradiation dosage. The growth of Abm hypha became slow and scare by irradiation with higher dosage. The growth and tangle of hypha could be improved and the yield of fruit body increased by 34.8% when irradiated with low dosage.


Abstract— In previous studies, intersample variation between compositions of different tektites from one particular group were studied and, in a few cases, major element variations within single tektites. No data for intra‐sample trace element variations existed. Thus, we sectioned a Muong Nong‐type tektite fragment from Vietnam and a splash‐form tektite fragment from the Philippines into eleven and six pieces, respectively, and analyzed the individual fragments for major and trace element contents.


Cold spraying of automotive engine blocks requires a gun adaptation for inner diameter spraying with a very short nozzle. In this work, 316L coatings are sprayed with such a gun and the behavior of particles impacting aluminum and stainless steel surfaces is studied in order to understand the factors that affect coating adhesion and cohesion. Correlations between spraying parameters and coating properties were investigated via design of experiments and the effect of process parameters on deposition efficiency and coating thickness was optimized for mass production. Post-process honing was also employed as part of the study and smooth coatings with small pores were obtained.


This research proposes a novel approach to reduce noise in an image. In this study, the input image is considered being shot with high ISO in the low light condition and the noise is modeled as the additive white Gaussian noise. The Subspace Approximation with Augmented Kernels (Saak) transform, a state-of-the-art spatial-spectral representation, is used for extracting the local characteristics of an image. The clean coefficients are estimated based on optimal linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimation with a shrinkage on Saak coefficients. The processed image provides subjectively satisfactory quality improvement and an increase in peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) without harming edges or other image details. It shows that Saak transform is a promising tool for noise reduction.


Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is known to induce immunogenic cell death and release of Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) from airway epithelial cells. Previously, we have shown that CS exposure induces release of a specific pattern of DAMPs into BAL fluid of mice and serum of COPD patients. However, the role of DAMPs in CS-induced airway inflammation is still unknown. Here, we hypothesized that DAMPs increase pro-inflammatory activity of airway epithelial cells and induce airway inflammation. Airway epithelial cells isolated from COPD patients and healthy controls were stimulated with several DAMPs, including LL37 and mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs). The levels of CXCL8 in supernatant were used as a marker for pro-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, mice previously determined as susceptible (BALB/cByJ) or non-susceptible (DBA/2J) for the development of CS-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation, were treated intranasally with recombinant LL37, isolated MTDs or BSA as a control, and inflammatory cell count and KC levels in BAL were analyzed. Both LL37 and MTDs were able to significantly induce CXCL8 secretion in epithelial cells from both COPD patients and healthy controls. Upon treatment with LL37 and MTDs, neutrophilic airway inflammation was induced in susceptible BALB/cByJ mice but not in non-susceptible DBA/2J mice. In conclusion, we show for the first time that LL37 and MTDs are potent inducers of pro-inflammatory responses, directly activating bronchial epithelial cells and inducing neutrophilic inflammation in mice. Thus, induction of immunogenic cell death by CS and subsequent release of LL37 and MTDs may contribute to airway inflammation in COPD.


The 21st century is an era along with a high developing speed in information science, extremely active flourish in the education thought and more complex enrichment in the education resources. The renewal and breakthrough of the education thought theory and the education resources undoubtedly will give birth to a new profile in education. The modern distance education is just a new education form produced in this situation, which is the main means for people to study all the life in the knowledge economy times, which is also the platform for constructing the knowledge internationalization. The modern distance education not only can conform to the new education idea for life-long studies in the 21st century, but also provide more advanced technical support for educational individuality along with the education popularity process.


Purpose The critically discussed effects on biodiversity due to the intensive cultivation of energy crops are largely lacking in the LCAs of biofuels due to basic methodological deficits. This was the starting point to develop a new methodology for impact assessment on biodiversity. The central research question to be clarified was: how can the spatial references, which are necessary for the assessment of biodiversity, be included in the usually spatially unspecific LCA. Methods Prevalent methods for both LCA and environmental planning were investigated with regard to interfaces and integration capabilities as well as differences. Drawing on this analysis a theoretical and methodological approach was developed which integrates the spatially specific procedure of environmental planning into the product-specific approach of the LCA. The available geodata and statistical data base for the assessment was examined for Germany and the method adapted to the data situation in Germany. Results and discussion The resulting methodological approach is explained and tested. It is compatible with LCA principles and leads to product-specific quantitative results. The method can be applied on a higher geographic level (Germany) but, nevertheless, makes reference to spatial characteristics of biodiversity on different scales. This is achieved by combining area specific data about biodiversity with statistical data about pressure factors on the regional level. The procedure is demonstrated by the example of bio-ethanol from wheat. An overall view of the various indicators yields a "Biodiversity profile" for the considered fuel and a specific bio-fuel target. This approach leads the way for an integration of spatial knowledge about biodiversity into the spatially non-specific LCA.


Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/facpub Part of the Law Commons Publication Information Jay E. Grenig, Must the Alleged RICO "Person" and the Alleged RICO "Enterprise" Be Distinct Under § 1962(c)?, 2000-01 Term Preview U.S. Sup. Ct. Cas. 359 (2001). © 2001 American Bar Association. This information or any portion thereof may not be copied or disseminated in any form or by any means or downloaded or stored in an electronic database or retrieval system without the express written consent of the American Bar Association.


The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between learning strategies Enquiry and Strategy Problem Based Learning (SPBM) as well self confidence of Chest pass on learning outcomes basketball. This research was conducted in class X (Ten) SMAN 14 Pekanbaru. This study used a treatment by level 2 x 2. The sample consisted of 56 students'. Data analysis technique is the analysis of variance of two lanes (ANOVA) and then followed by Tukey test at a significance level α = 0.05. The results showed that (1). Chest pass the value of learning outcomes in the treatment of learning strategies basketball Inquiry (A1) is higher than the value of Strategy Problem Based Learning (SPBM) (A2) at SMAN 14 Pekanbaru (2). there is an interaction between learning stretegies (A) and confidence (B) on learning outcomes Chest pass basketball in SMA 14 Pekanbaru. (3). The value of learning outcomes inquiry learning strategies (SPI) in the treatment of learning Strategy Problem Based Learning (SPBM) self Confidence High (A1B1) is higher than the value of enquiry learning strategies (SPI) High self Confidence (A2B1) at SMAN 14 Pekanbaru. (4). Chest pass the value of learning outcomes in the treatment of learning strategies basketball Inquiry lower self confidence (A1B2) is lower than the value of learning Strategies Problem Based Learning (SPBM) Low self confidence (A2B2) at SMAN 14 Pekanbaru. Keyword: learning strategy, Self Confidence On Chest pass basketball.


The problem of estimating the divergence between 2 high dimensional distributions with limited samples is an important problem in various fields such as machine learning. Although previous methods perform well with moderate dimensional data, their accuracy starts to degrade in situations with 100s of binary variables. Therefore, we propose the use of decomposable models for estimating divergences in high dimensional data. These allow us to factorize the estimated density of the high-dimensional distribution into a product of lower dimensional functions. We conduct formal and experimental analyses to explore the properties of using decomposable models in the context of divergence estimation. To this end, we show empirically that estimating the Kullback-Leibler divergence using decomposable models from a maximum likelihood estimator outperforms existing methods for divergence estimation in situations where dimensionality is high and useful decomposable models can be learnt from the available data.


The results of this research show, the architecture and engineering of a traditional house in two "Ejidos" of the yucatan-maya area : Ruins of Cobâ and Macario Gomez, located in the northwest region of Quintana Roo State. The different parts of the house structure are described and the plant materials which were used have been identified. Data on the function of these materials as part of the structure are given as well as their names in the maya-yucatecan language. Most of the villagers prefer certain types of wood for building definite pieces. This uses are correlated with the presence of certain types of vegetation and with characteristic cultural patterns. The building of the house is done through and oral and practical tradition. There is no need for plans ; the house is built around a modular idea for the construction of a demountable structure.


From a dipole lattice model, we derive a Boussinesq-type equation that governs the propagation
of a longitudinal strain wave in a uniform pre-strained bar with constant cross section. We then describe an
experiment based on high-speed, single-point photoelasticity to measure strain waves in a
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bar generated when it breaks whilst undergoing a tensile test. The
experimental results are finally compared to the model predictions, showing a good correspondence in terms
of wave propagation, strain rate at the leading edge and amplitude and frequency of the following ripple.


Carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the temporal bone. We report breast carcinoma metastatic to the temporal bone. A 69-year-old woman treated for breast carcinoma 22 years earlier and seen for left otalgia was found in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to have an abnormal left temporal bone lesion. Biopsy under local anesthesia yielded a histopathological diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma. She has been treated with aromatase inhibitor and bisphosphonate, and the metastatic lesion has not grown.


A series of N2,N2′-disubstituted oxalic acid bishydrazides were synthesized. Some, for example, N2,N2′-di-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethanyloxylic-(bishydrazide), are novel and effective ligands for copper-catalyzed Ullmann-type CN coupling reaction in water. A variety of amines could be effectively N-arylated with aryl halides under both microwave irradiation and conventional heating (even at 30 °C) with good to excellent yields. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The intrinsic vulnerabilities of wireless networks place a great demand on efficient encryption techniques.With the proliferation of video streaming applications, the need for multimedia encryption techniques is becoming of utmost importance.

This paper presents a scalable coding scheme for multimedia transmission over wireless networks. The proposed approach unifies the compression and encryption functionalities using the wavelet transform and chaotic functions to build up random permutations. The major advantage of our chaotic multimedia encryption process is that a client can access to multiple resolutions of the streamed video. These resolutions vary according to the security level of the client as well as the networking and processing capabilities. A set of simulations have also been carried out to assess the performance of the proposed coding scheme in terms of security, compression ratio, and error resilience.


This paper elucidates the theoretical principles behind the calculation of the size of a representative sample of granular solid waste. The key concept is the number of particles that must be present in a sub-portion of matter to be representative of a larger portion of matter. This depends on the fraction of particles in the waste batch showing the properties of interest, which shall be measured. A representative sample must include a fraction of particles of interest reliably similar to that of the waste batch to be characterized, with a controlled variability. In this context, it is demonstrated that the number of particles of interest that must be collected in a representative sample is 100. From this requirement, the mass of a representative sample can be calculated based on the knowledge of the frequency of particles of interest of the waste lot to be characterized.
Data on particles concentrations in different samples of WEEE plastic scraps exemplifies how the presence in the sample of enough rare particles showing the property of interest is key to ensure reliable measurements. Further, the assumptions made on the controlled degree of variability to determine the minimum number of particles are discussed based on data on achievable intra- and inter-laboratory variability of analytical standards for waste characterization. Accordingly, the mass of laboratory samples and test portions recommended in published sampling plans or analytical standards are assessed for the occurring number of particles.


We investigate atmospheric neutron effects on floating-gate cells in NAND Flash memory devices. Charge loss is shown to occur, particularly at the highest program levels, causing raw bit errors in multilevel cell NAND, but to an extent that does not challenge current mandatory error correction specifications. We discuss the physical mechanisms and analyze scaling trends, which show a rapid increase in sensitivity for decreasing feature size.


When I was asked to write something on the connections between an American painter or painters and dermatological research, I thought immediately of Ivan Le Lorraine Albright. Albright was born in 1897 in North Harvey, Illinois, just outside of Chicago. He made a career of painting down-and-out usually elderly people whose faces, hands and other dermal areas (wherever exposed) are inevitably blotched, scabby, scaly, decrepit. They are images of decay and human tragedy, but at the same time a dermatologist's delight. An example is his portrait of a woman painted in 1928 and owned by the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Probably the most fulsomely loathsome of these is the Picture of Dorian Gray of 1943-44, a large oil done in conjunction with Albright's painted scenery adopted by Metro-Coldwyn-Mayer for their production of the motion picture based on Oscar Wilde's story. Albright's maternal grandfather, James Fleming Wilson, was a medical doctor fascinated both by anatomical minutiae and etymological subtleties. Albright himself composed many meandering lugubrious poems which can be seen as mood pieces complementing the tone of the paintings, some of whose lengthy titles read as sonorous pronouncements on the futility of things. One of these is Poor Room—Tbere Is No Time, No End, No Today, No Yesterday, Only tbe Forever, and Forever, and Forever, Without End.


The accurate and efficient extraction of urban areas is of great significance for better understanding of urban sprawl, built environment, economic activities, and population distribution. Night-Time Light (NTL) data have been widely used to extract urban areas. However, most of the existing NTL indexes are incapable of identifying non-luminous built-up areas. The high-resolution NTL imagery derived from the Luojia 1-01 satellite, with low saturation and the blooming effect, can be used to map urban areas at a finer scale. A new urban spectral index, named the Modified Normalized Urban Areas Composite Index (MNUACI), improved upon the existing Normalized Urban Areas Composite Index (NUACI), was proposed in this study, which integrated the Human Settlement Index (HSI) generated from Luojia 1-01 NTL data, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Landsat 8 imagery, and the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI). Our results indicated that MNUACI improved the spatial variability and differentiation of urban components by eliminating the NTL blooming effect and increasing the variation of the nighttime luminosity. Compared to urban area classification from Landsat 8 data, the MNUACI yielded better accuracy than NTL, NUACI, HSI, and the EVI-Adjusted NTL Index (EANTLI) alone. Furthermore, the quadratic polynomial regression analysis showed the model based on MNUACI had the best R2 and Root-Mean Square Error (RMSE) compared with NTL, NUACI, HSI, and EANTLI in terms of estimation of impervious surface area. It is concluded that MNUACI could improve the identification of urban areas and non-luminous built-up areas with better accuracy.


In order to realize the automatic test of flight control system, the automatic generation method of flight control system test case is studied by using UML state diagram. Using UML extension mechanism, the real-time extension scheme of UML state diagram of flight control system is given. Aiming at the real-time performance of flight control system, the migration equivalence class is constructed by using the time domain equivalence partition method. After the test path is generated according to the corresponding test standard, the test case is generated automatically. Taking a simplified flight control system as an example, the feasibility and practicability of the method are verified by comparing the time of generating test cases with that of generating test cases manually.


We report 2 cases of tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula. Case 1: A 37-year-old man presented with severe headache. Neurological examination was normal. MR images demonstrated a round dilatated Galenic vein. But MR images showed no intracranial hemorrhage or congestive edema. Angiograms showed a tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula with a dilatated Galenic vein. Initially, we embolized the dural arteriovenous fistula using a transarterial approach. For residual dural arteriovenous fistula, gamma knife radiosurgery was performed. After 2 years and 5 months, angiographic cure was obtained and the postoperative course was uneventful. Case 2: A 70-year-old woman presented with pulsatile tinnitus and headache. Neurological examination was normal. MR images demonstrated a varix near the Galenic vein and showed no intracranial hemorrhage or congestive edema. Angiograms showed a tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula. For dural arteriovenous fistula, gamma knife radiosurgery was performed. After 4 years, angiographic cure was obtained and the postoperative course was uneventful. We discuss the clinical features and the management of these 2 cases.


Ground conditions, including characteristics of joints, bed separations, and strengths of rock layers, are critical factors for underground mining and construction activities. Correct understanding of geologic conditions allows for improvement and optimization of ground support design and minimizing incidents of ground failure and instabilities in underground workings. Rock bolts have been widely accepted as the preferred method of ground support in almost all forms of rock excavation applications. The concept of monitoring drilling data to predict characteristics of geological features of interest in the rock surrounding the underground opening is a very attractive option for developing the geological model of the ground on real time basis. This includes information on distributions of joints and bed separations, locations of voids, and strengths of rock layers, which enables the automated and rapid evaluation of ground conditions while drilling is in progress. Several smart drilling systems have been developed and proposed to detect joints; however, they offer limited capabilities and have exhibited difficulties in identifying joints with small apertures (less than 3.175mm or 1/8-in). The current study was focused on developing a more sensitive method to locate joints with smaller apertures along the hole being drilled with an instrumented roof bolter. A series of full-scale drilling tests were carried out in samples which contained simulated joints with different inclined angles in controlled laboratory conditions. New joint detection programs, with improved capabilities based on various pattern recognition algorithms, have been developed and used for analysis of the full sale drilling tests. To precisely locate joints, composite parameter were also used to offer more accurate detection. This paper reviews the laboratory testing program, data analysis, logic/algorithms used in the programs, statistical analysis of the detection results, and comparison of the various algorithms for this application.


This research is aimed to analyze the revenue, the cost and profits, to identify the internal and external factors influencing the business development, identify the strategic alternatve, and identify the most effective priority strategy applied in developing the business of mushrooms in CV. Agro Mitra Karya.A method of a base on research this is the method descriptive and using a technique study cases. The determination of recipient the research was done in purposive have those in the CV. Agro Mitra Karya. The respondents were by means of purposive. The kind of data that used is primary and secondary data. Technique data collection was carried out by interviews, observation and recording. Data analysis techniques are using analysis business, IFE matrix and EFE matrix, SWOT matrix, and QSP matrix.Based on the result of research it can be seen of its profits that's accepted CV. Agro Mitra Karya during the month of the June 2016 isRp. 11.291.800,00. Business development strategy alternative of oyster mushroom baglog on CV. Agro Mitra Karya is to make products more varied with growbox method, affecting consumers through socialization about healthy lifestyle with consumption of healthy children such as organic vegetables, promoting products more aggressively by utilizing online media, utilizing oyster mushroom waste to increase profit. Strategy priority that can be done on baglog business oyster mushroom CV. Agro Mitra Karya is to make products more varied with growbox method.


Objective:To construct core competency evaluation index system for psychiatric nursing specialists.Methods:The Delphi method was used to consult 18 experts on core competence indicators of psychiatric nursing specialists by mailing them two rounds.Results:The expert authority coefficient and the degree of experts' opinion concentration and coordination were very high.Eventually we established the index system including 7 first level indicators and 34 second level indicators.Conclusion:Core competence evaluation index system for the psychiatric nursing specialists is reliable and valid and could help to provide reference for psychiatric nursing specialists training.