CD4+ and CD8+ mature T cells arise from CD4+CD8+ precursors in the thymus. During this process, cells expressing T-cell receptors (TCRs) reactive with self major hitocompatibiity complex (MHC) class I or II molecules are positively selected to the CD8 or CD4 lineage, respectively. It is controversial whether lneage commitment of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes is controlled directiy by TCR specificity for MHC (instructional model) or, alternatively, by proceses that operate independently of TCR specifcity (stochastic model). We show here that CD4+CD8+ thymocytes bearing a MHC class I-restricted ransgenic TCR can be subject to two alternative developmental fates. One population of CD4+CD8+ cells is positively selected by MHC class I molecules to the CD8 lineage as expected, whereas the other CD4+CD8+ population rearranges endogenous TCR genes and is positively selected by MHC class H molecules to the CD4 lineage. Blocking TCR-MHC class H interactions in vivo does not interfere with the generation ofCD4+CD8+ cells expresing endogenous TCRs but does prevent their subsequent maturation to CD4+ ceDs. These data support a version of the stochastic model in which CD4+CD8+ thymocytes are precommitted to the CD4 or CD8 lineage independently of TCR specificity for MHC and prior to positive selecion. Mature T lymphocytes expressing the heterodimeric a,B T-cell receptor (TCR) can be subdivided into two distinct populations based on mutually exclusive expression of the CD4 and CD8 molecules. TCRs on CD4+ cells recognize foreign antigens (processed peptides) in association with self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, whereas TCRs on CD8+ cells recognize peptide-MHC class I complexes. The CD4 and CD8 molecules themselves facilitate TCR recognition ofpeptide-MHC complexes by binding to MHC class II or class I at sites distinct from the TCR binding site. This property of CD4 and CD8 has led to their designation as co-receptors (1). In the thymus, CD4-CD8double-negative (DN) progenitor cells give rise to CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) intermediates, which are themselves the immediate precursors of CD4+ and CD8+ single-positive (SP) cells. During this development process, TCR aand (3-chain genes are rearranged and expressed, and the T-cell repertoire is positively selected so that CD4 SP cells and CD8 SP cells bear TCRs capable of interaction with self MHC class II and class I molecules, respectively (2). Two models have been proposed to explain commitment of DP thymocytes to the CD4 or CD8 lineage. According to the instructional model (3), the ability of the TCR of the as yet uncommitted DP cell to interact with a MHC molecule directly controls the fate of that cell. For example, a DP cell with a TCR capable of interaction with class II MHC is instructed by that interaction to downregulate CD8 and become a CD4 SP cell. On the other hand, the The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. stochastic model (4) suggests that the transition from a DP to a SP cell occurs randomly irrespective ofTCR specificity but that only SP cells expressing appropriately MHC-restricted TCRs survive. The availability of transgenic mice has created approaches to the analysis of lineage commitment and positive selection during thymus development. In this regard, it is now well established that CD4 SP and CD8 SP cells develop preferentially in mice bearing rearranged aand (3-chain transgenes encoding a TCR reactive with MHC class II or class I molecules, respectively (5). Although these data provide definitive evidence for the importance of appropriate TCRMHC interactions and co-receptor molecules in ultimately directing positive selection to the CD4 or CD8 lineage, they do not directly address the mechanism of lineage commitment per se. Recently, several attempts have been made to distinguish between instructional and stochastic models of lineage commitment. In particular, two groups have introduced an exogenous (transgenic) source ofCD8 into mice bearing aMHC class I-restricted transgenic TCR (6, 7). If CD4 SP thymocytes are generated stochastically in these mice, they should theoretically be rescued by the presence ofthe constitutively expressed CD8 transgene, since positive selection of the MHC class I-restricted TCRs on these CD4 SP cells would then be possible. However, no mature CD4 SP cells bearing the CD8 transgene were detected in the double-transgenic mice, hence providing no direct support for the stochastic model. Although this negative result has been interpreted to favor instructional lineage commitment (7), other recent studies are less easily reconciled with this model. For example, a distinct (although quantitatively reduced) population of CD4 SP thymocytes and peripheral T cells is present in MHC class II-negative mice produced by gene disruption (8, 9). Furthermore, CD4 SP cells bearing MHC class I-restricted TCRs can be detected in the periphery of recombinationdeficient TCR transgenic severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice (10). Although the precise nature of the CD4 SP cells remains to be clarified in both cases, the data nevertheless indicate that SP cells can arise from DP precursors in the absence ofan appropriate TCR-MHC interaction, in apparent contradiction with the predictions of the instructional model. In this paper, we have reinvestigated the basis ofCD4/CD8 lineage commitment in the thymus. Based on our data, we propose a developmental model in which DP thymocytes are precommitted to the CD4 or CD8 lineages prior to and independently of appropriate TCR-MHC interactions. However, further maturation of these committed DP precursor cells to the CD4 SP or CD8 SP stage depends on appropriate TCR-MHC interactions as well as signaling via the associAbbreviations: TCR, T-celi receptor; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; DN, double negative; DP, double positive; SP, single positive; V, variable; J, joining; D, diversity; mAb, monoclonal antibody; aT and PT, transgenic TCR a and ( chains; aE and PE, endogenously rearranged a and (3 chains.


Wind-catchers are often cited in academic texts as models of sustainable and ingenious cooling systems. Such studies typically avoid issues of user perception. This study used a range of different methods to investigate those perceptions including a socio-cultural questionnaire survey, semi-structured interviews and personal observations. The findings show that there are a range of positive and negative factors attributed to wind-catchers which shows on the one hand, these architectural cooling features are regarded obsolete and are no longer in use as cooling systems, while on the other hand, they have been adapted to serve various functions not just to provide cooling and ventilation. The research indicates that if wind-catchers are to survive and be incorporated into new building designs, the full range of their attributes should be taken into consideration and used appropriately. In so doing, wind-catchers can help reduce the reliance on mechanical cooling systems, and hence decrease the consumption of electricity and cut CO2 emissions.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the locational characteristics of arboretums using GIS- based spatial analysis method in korea, focusing on the utilization of arboretums. For this analysis, two national arboretums, fifteen public arboretums, twenty four private arboretums, and six arboretums managed by an educational establishment were selected to collect data for the information on spatial location analysis. The procedure of this study has three steps. First, as main factors to affect the locational characteristics of arboretums, the accessibility of road, the proximity of urban and their environs are chosen, and the spatial influence of arboretum is determined by population dwelling near to arboretum. Second, the thematic map data for this analysis is generated using distance measurement method and graded through scoring method. Finally, the relationship between locational factor score of arboretum and the number of visitors was investigated to validate feasibility of the spatial locational analysis using GIS. As a preliminary research, this study shows that spatial locational characteristics of arboretums can be evaluated objectively and quantitatively using GIS (Geographic Information System) and the result of this study can provide fundamental information for developing and managing an arboretum.


The invention provides a processing method and a processing device for a service identifier of Internet of vehicles. The method comprises the steps as follows: a network element receives a temporary mobile group identifier (TMGI) carried by an identifier MBMS; the network element sends indication information used for indicating a local activated TMGI to a broadcast multicast service center (BM-SC), or judges whether the received TMGI is the activated TMGI, and sends the indication information used for indicating whether a TMGI conflict occurs to the BM-SC according to a judgment result, wherein the indication information is directly sent to the BM-SC by the network element or forwarded to the BM-SC by the other network element. According to the method and the device provided by the invention, the problem that when the MBMS is used or carrying the broadcast V2X service in a related technology, the plurality of BM-SC logic network elements have the TMGI conflict when being used for allocating the temporary mobile group identifiers is solved.


A number of cross‐over studies on sedation in outpatient oral surgery investigated the quality of sedation produced by intravenous or rectal administration of diazepam. The sedation methods were equally efficient with a mean dose of 0.24 mg/kg (range 0.1–0.4) for i.v. administration and 0.53 mg/kg (range 0.5–0.6) for rectal administration. Eighty‐five percent of the patients preferred surgery under sedation and local anaesthesia to local anaesthesia alone. The patients preferred the session in which they experienced stronger sedation, regardless of the route of administration.


Complex principal components analysis has been shown to be a useful tool for exhibiting propagating features in spatial-temporal data sets. As in other applications of principal components analysis, rotation may lead to more interpretable components. Real orthogonal matrices have been used elsewhere, in combination with the varimax criterion, to find rotated solutions, but these fail to show invariance to complex scalings of the initial eigenvectors. It is shown that complex orthogonal, or unitary matrices have the desired invariance, and their use is illustrated on two examples, one synthetic and one involving sea-level pressure data.


Bus drivers are forced to adopt constrained postures for a long time on a daily basis. This may cause discomfort and, in the long term, represent a co-factor for the onset of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), particularly in the low back. Objective measurements of biomechanical variables associated to sitting posture may be useful to better estimate the risk of MSD and, in this context, in recent times in chair movements (ICM) have been shown to represent a reliable tool to characterize sitting postural strategies. This study aimed to evaluate postural strategies of bus drivers during actual long-term driving session in urban area, through the analysis of ICM trend with shift time. Seven professional drivers were tested during regular 6-hours work-shift divided in 50 min point-to-point routes, interspersed by 10 minutes breaks at each last stop. Body-seat interface pressures were collected using a pressure sensitive mat and subjective discomfort rating was evaluated using a 2-parts questionnaire. The results show that, during the whole shift, most drivers report a constant increase in perceived discomfort and a correspondent increase in the overall number of ICM. However, it was interesting to observe that considering a single point-to-point route (i.e. the maximum amount of time in which the drivers must remain seated continuously) the number of ICM increase at the beginning of the period but then decrease significantly, probably when the optimal position to minimize discomfort is reached.


The high prevalence of diabetes among people with serious mental illness (SMI) is well-documented1, as are the benefits of integrated health and mental healthcare for this population2. Concurrently, while evidence is growing for the use of diabetes registries in improving outcomes of primary care patients, little research has focused on the use of this technology among patients with co-occurring diabetes and SMI. Traditional primary care is often difficult to access and inadequate to serve the more complex medical and behavioral concerns of cooccurring diabetes and SMI3. Disease registries could be effective to cut significant medical costs to individuals, as well as the healthcare system4 by utilizing identification and tracking technology to alert the care team of fragmented care5. Alongside disease registries, care coordination has been shown to significantly increase the likelihood of evidenced-based care6, improve care management, and enhance patient outcomes7.


The system "two ways of supervision and a type of compensation" is a creative reform of the system of democratic supervision at the level of village. It will help to further democratic supervision at the level of village and rural democracy. But there are some problems in the system of democratic supervision in practice today,which influence its efficiency. Therefore some relative measures must be taken.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To restrain sneak of the gas to the substrate rear side by preventing gas leakage from a processing chamber without sealing the processing chamber. SOLUTION: A processing chamber 20 is formed by covering an upper side opening part of a container body 2 with a lid member 3 so that a processing gas is supplied from the central upper part of the processing chamber 20 to a wafer W on a placing table 4, and the gas in the processing chamber 20 is discharged from the outside of the wafer W to a processing gas discharging path. A purge gas is supplied from a purge gas supply path 71 to a buffer chamber 7 formed between the peripheral rim part of the container body 2 and the peripheral rim part of the lid member 3. Since the supply flow rate of the processing gas is set smaller than the discharge flow rate in the processing gas discharging path, the negative pressure in the processing chamber 20 generated by a flow rate difference causes the purge gas in the buffer chamber 7 to be supplied to the processing chamber 20 via a purge gas supply hole 74 which is a gap between the container body 2 and the lid member 3. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT


A fuzzy implication operation that is right intersection preserving and left anti-intersection is defined. The fuzzy reasoning operation is shown to be the right inverse operation of the fuzzy implication. Part of the approximate reasoning theory is given.<<ETX>>


We address the change of support problem in a non Gaussian model; in particular, we predict occurrence and accumulation of hourly rainfall in the Emilia-Romagna region by modeling the relationship between rain gauge and radar data. A basic formulation exploits radar information only at the grid cells containing rain gauges locations; an enrichment consists in exploiting neighbourhood information via a weighted mean of a latent spatial process for addressing spatial misalignment. A Bayesian hierarchical model is specified for each formulation, both sharing a zero-inflated likelihood, and with gamma distribution on the positive semiaxis. Results are assessed and compared in terms of point and probabilistic forecasts.


The Nd:YAG and Nd:YVO4 crystals have been used as active media for single-frequency lasers. A thin metal film absorbing selector was used for single-frequency operation and fast tuning in the intermode range. The cavity optical length was variable in 10 - 60 mm range resulting in the frequency chirp of 1 - 6 GHz range.


Inadvertent immunisation of seronegative women with RA27/3 rubella virus live‐attenuated vaccine several weeks before and after conception is described. Whereas in 5 cases the vaccine virus was not transmitted vertically, in 1 case vaccination led to the development of persistent fetal infection with prolonged virus shedding for more than 8 months. Sequence analysis carried out on isolates from amniotic fluid, from cord blood leukocytes as well as from infantile urine confirmed an infection by the vaccine strain. At birth, the newborn infant exhibited none of the symptoms compatible with the congenital rubella syndrome and signs indicative for development of late onset disease are not apparent. This observation constitutes the first unequivocal documented case of rubella vaccine virus related to persistent fetal infection. J. Med. Virol. 61:155–158, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We have studied the atomic transport properties of liquid less-simple metals namely Bi, Cd, Pb, Sb, Sn and Tl using universal scaling laws and hard sphere (HS) theories of liquid. Effective interionic interaction in metals has been derived from both Brettonet–Silbert (BS) and Ashcroft's empty core pseudopotential models. For structure calculation, variational modified hypernetted chain integral equation theory has been considered. Excess entropy and effective HS diameter are the basic ingredients of the study. Obtained ingredients are found to be close with experimental data than any other available literature values when BS model has been chosen. Comparing with experimental data, obtained results for transport coefficients suggest that Faber's HS theory is excellent for diffusion coefficient and is reasonably good for viscosity coefficient along with BS pseudopotential than any other combinations employed in this study. The probable reason may be the hybridization of s and d electrons exists in the concerned systems.


Objective
To investigate the pharmacological hypothermic effect of WIN55, 212-2 on neuronal apoptosis after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Methods
Cardiac Arrest (CA) was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats. Five minutes after onset of CA, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was carried out. At 30 minutes post-resuscitation, the animals were randomized into three groups (n=10 in each group): (1) WIN55, 212-2 hypothermia group [W group, WIN55, 212-2, 1 mg/(kg·h)]. (2) Normothermia group (NT group, 5% DMSO); (3) WIN55, 212-2 with normothermia group (W+ NT group, WIN55, 212-2, 1 mg/(kg·h). Animals in WIN55, 212-2 hypothermia group and WIN55, 212-2 with normothermia group were dealt with continuous intravenous infusion of WIN55, 212-2[1 mg/(kg·h)] for 4 h, while rats in NT group were infused with equal volume of 5% DMSO instead. The survival time and neurological deficit score (NDS) were observed. The CA models were established in three groups. After rats were sacrificed, the brains were harvested for detecting histopathological changes and apoptosis of neural cell at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after ROSC respectively. Five animals of each group were chosen randomly(random number).

Results
Body temperatures of rats in W group decreased from 37°C to 34°C in 4 hours. Accumulated survival rate in W group was higher than that in the other two groups (P=0.02). NDS was significantly improved in W group than that in the other two groups (P<0.05). Morphological change in W group was less serious than that in the other two groups. The number of neuron apoptosis in W group was smaller than that in the other two groups.

Conclusions
WIN55, 212-2 inducing pharmacologically hypothermia during post-resuscitation prolonged survival and improved cerebral function in rat cardiac arrest models. The beneficial effects of WIN55, 212-2 were associated with ameliorating the histopathological damage in brain and alleviating the neuron apoptosis.

Key words:
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; WIN55, 212-2; Pharmacological hypothermia; Apoptosis


OBJECTIVE
We conducted a population-based study of maternal and neonatal characteristics and delivery complications in relation to the outcome of a 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test at 25 to 30 weeks' gestation.

STUDY DESIGN
An oral glucose tolerance test was offered to pregnant women in a geographically defined population. Pregnancy outcome was analyzed according to the test result.

RESULTS
Among women delivered at Lund Hospital, we identified 4526 women with an oral glucose tolerance value of <7.8 mmol/L (<140 mg/dL), 131 women with a value of 7.8 to 8.9 mmol/L (140-162 mg/dL), and 116 women with gestational diabetes (> or =9.0 mmol/L [> or =162 mg/dL]). A further 28 cases of gestational diabetes were identified, giving a prevalence of 1.2%. An increased rate of cesarean delivery and infant macrosomia was observed in the group with a glucose tolerance value of 7.8 to 8.9 mmol/L (140-162 mg/dL) and in the gestational diabetes group. Advanced maternal age and high body mass index were risk factors for increased oral glucose tolerance values in 12,657 screened women in the area.

CONCLUSION
The study stresses the significance of moderately increased oral glucose tolerance values.


There is a need to reverse engineer architectural hardware, with hinges and brackets being typical, for use in the restoration of buildings in which the original hardware is damaged. Another use for reverse engineering of architectural hardware is to take existing hardware and modify its design for use in future construction. The capture of the geometry to be used for the reverse engineering of the architectural hardware was developed with a hinge and an angle bracket being digitized. After digitization the hardware examples were transferred into parametric solid modeling software. In the solid modeling software a simple animation, the swing of a hinge, is shown. An illustration of modifying the texture of the hinge is shown by simulating its rusting using the solid modeling software. An angle bracket that was digitized and turned into a parametric solid model was converted into an STL file. This STL file of the captured geometry for the hardware was transferred to rapid prototyping machinery and a prototype was developed to illustrate the modeling of existing hardware. The parametric solid model of the angle bracket was transferred to a CAM package and a model of the hardware was turned into CNC code. The code was sent to and cut on a CNC machine tool creating a duplicate of the item.


16-Dehydro-20-oxopregnanes react with the CAN-NaNO2-CH3CN system to furnish vinyl nitro derivatives, viz, 16-dehydro-16-nitro-20-oxopregnanes while Δ5-steroids react with the system to furnish Δ4-6α and Δ4-6β nitro steroids with complete suppression of the acetamidation reaction on the double bond in both cases.


In a review of the general and local immunity, serological exmination was tested on the domestic fowls induced the decline of fertility by intravaginal injection during long period in artificial insemination.The results obtained are as follows.1. Used the serum of hens with lower fertility, passive immunity was examined, but effects of serum as preventing to fertilize was not observed.2. In hens with lower fertility, fertilization did not appear although changed semen injection from intravaginal to intraperitoneal. On the contrary, in hens with high fertility fertilization distinctly appeared.3. While if intraperitoneal injection is tested from the first, fertilization occurs easily in early period, but becomes difficult in after period. But even such cases if semen are injected intravaginally, fertilization occurs.4. Namely the antibacterial immunity produced by intraperitoneal injection blocks fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa injected samely intraperitoneally, but does not influence on spermatozoa injected intravaginally.5. From above results as determinative effects on the decline of fertility, local antifertilization of oviduct which was induced by semen injection for long period is more important than antibacterial immunity.


The initiation of sensory impulses presents a series of problems: (a) the transmission of the stimulus from its external source to the receptor cell; (b) the mechanism whereby the stimulus is transformed into an electrical membrane change capable of exciting nerve terminals; (c) the initiation of impulses at the nerve ending and their propagation into the afferent axon trunk. An attempt has been made here to throw further light on these problems by studying the electrical changes in a sensory nerve fibre at a point close to its peripheral terminals. It is clear that only the last aspect of the problem (c) is directly amenable to electrical investigation, but such a study may also provide important clues to the preceding links of the process (a and b). A suitable preparation was obtained from the muscle spindle of the frog. The electric response in the sensory axon close to the spindle differs in certain respects from a simple nerve spike, and some of these features can be related to the local events which take place in the sense organ. In the present paper the action potential in the terminal portions of the fibre will be described. It will also be shown that the initiation of an impulse at a sensory nerve ending does not invariably lead to a propagated message in the main axon. In the following paper, stretching of the muscle will be shown to depolarize the sensory nerve endings and thereby give rise to a repetitive discharge of impulses.


The paper topic is a key one mostly in the European context where 2009 had been declared as "The European Year of Creativity and Innovation". I have chosen this topic starting from my strong wish to share part of my research results to the other members of the Academy of Romanian Scientists. The Academy of Romanian Scientists is a forum of scientific debates and offers me great opportunities for dialogue and for cooperation. The paper presents briefly some theoretical and methodological issues that reveal the state of knowledge in the chosen topic. It includes some of the research done within the national research project "IDEI" dedicated to "Creative economy and knowledge-based society. Challenges and opportunities for Romania". This project benefits from a budget finance obtained under competition basis in 2007. The most important message of the paper is that creativity and innovation are becoming strategically important for any country, region, industry that is determined to break-even the crisis time by facing the challenges and by exploring the opportunities highlighted by the crisis time. JEL classification: Z1, A13, A14, A30, D89, O1, O4


The paper presents the results of studying the functional and technological characteristics of model forcemeat, enriched with iodine. Laminaria, food additive "Laminaria" and "Iodactiv" have been added during preparing the forcemeat. The results of the analysis of impact of plant and food additive on the functional and technological characteristics of the final product have been studied. The results show, that adding 0,05–0,10 % of laminaria, 0,23–0,29 % of food additive "Laminaria" and 0,48–0,55 % food additive "Iodactiv" leading to the change of some biotechnological characteristics of forcemeat comparing with the control sample. Thus, in adding until 10 % of fat to the nonfatted meat the capability of the forcemeat holds the moisture, fat and its stability increases through the creation of the system water-protein-fat, where the protein is a stabilizer. While analyzing pH it is recognized, that notwithstanding the change of pH the functional and technological characteristics has not been changed. This is caused by introducing external amount of cations of sodium, magnesium, phosphorus which are capable to influence on the charge of protein molecule. The impact of additive to the water bound ability have been discovered. The level of bounded moisture in all test samples were below the level of control sample. The content of bounded misture in the control sample was 79,4 %, but in all test samples were from 72,4 to 73,5 %. Due to pH change the fat holding capacity has reached the maximul level at pH 5. This demonstrates that in acidic medium the plant component of laminaria and food additives have their maximum holding capacity. Stability of emulsions reached maximal level at pH close to 5,5.


Plant functional traits can help us to deduce plant life history strategies and enhance our understanding to ecosystem functions.In order to study the ecological strategies of adapting environment of 4 Populus species in north slope of the Tianshan Mountains,the differences in functional traits of leaves,stems and roots among Populus alba,P.nigra,P.russkii and P.euphratica were researched.The results show that the leaf size,leaf thickness,leaf dry matter content,stem tegument thickness,wood density and nutrition content of organs were significantly different among the 4 species,but the difference of specific leaf area was not significantly.Among the 4 species,both leaf area and leaf dry matter content of P.alba were the highest,both leaf thickness and wood density of P.euphratica were the highest,and stem tegument thickness of P.nigra was the highest.Content of N in leaves of the 4 species was higher than that in stems and roots,the difference of N and P contents between stems and roots was not significant,contents of K in leaves,stems and roots of the 4 species were quite different;except P.euphratica,content of P in leaves was higher than that in stems and roots;contents of N,P and K in P.nigra were the highest,but those in P.russkii were the lowest.Variation of the functional traits of the 4 Populus species reflected their adaptation to environment.


[Author Affiliation]Sarah Marler. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.Kevin B. Sanders. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.Address correspondence to: Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele, MD, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Pharmacology, Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, 7158 Medical Research Building III, 465 21st Ave. S. Nashville, TN 37232, E-mail: email@example.com The Editor:Self-injurious behaviors (SIB), including skin picking/scratching, self-biting, and head banging have been reported to occur in as many as 50% of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (Rojahn 1994; Richards et al. 2012). More than 14% reportedly exhibit "severe" SIB, which indicates that the behavior results in functional impairment or life-threatening injury (Baghdadli et al. 2003; Duerden et al. 2012). An inverse relationship exists between the presence SIB and the severity of intellectual impairment (Berkson 1983; Rojahn and Esbensen 2002; Symons et al. 2005; Hillery and Dodd 2007), and SIB frequently co-occurs in many syndromes often associated with intellectual/developmental disabilities, such as Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (Nyhan and Wong 1996), Rett syndrome (Deb 1998), Prader-Willi syndrome (Dykens and Kasari 1997), and Fragile X syndrome (Symons et al. 2003). Numerous hypotheses regarding the etiology of SIB have emerged over the years, including (but not limited to) SIB as a symptom of physical discomfort/organic illness, the result of a neurochemical imbalance, a learned behavior, a form of communication, or a form of self-stimulation (Rana et al. 2013).SIB is often approached and treated as a discrete behavior, independent from other maladaptive behaviors (Bodfish and Lewis 2002); however, self-injury in ASD is generally associated with other impairing symptoms, including high levels of impulsivity, irritability, and stereotypies, paired with lower intellectual functioning (Matson et al. 2008; Richman et al. 2013). SIB in children with ASD are commonly targeted for treatment by means of pharmacology (Soorya et al. 2008), communication strategies (Johnson and Rodriguez 2013), and behavioral modification (Minshawi 2008 Devlin et al. 2011). To date, no single intervention strategy for SIB has emerged as consistently effective (King 2000; Lang et al. 2010; Oliver and Richards 2010).Limited data support the use of any medication class specifically for SIB, whether in autism or other developmental disabilities (King 2000; Rana et al. 2013). A number of medications are sometimes used to try to address self-injury, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), atypical antipsychotics, α agonists, and opioid antagonists. The most frequently used medications overall for individuals with ASD have been SRIs (Aman et al. 2005), although these medications have shown ambiguous efficacy in children with ASD (McDougle et al 2000; King et al. 2009; Williams et al. 2013), as well as in pathological skin picking (Simeon et al 1997; Bloch et al 2001; Arbabi et al. 2008). Atypical antipsychotics have been the second most frequently used pharmacological intervention for children with ASD (Aman et al. 2005). Although efficacy in the treatment of irritability, and compulsive and disruptive behaviors has been demonstrated in large-scale, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), little evidence exists for specific benefit for SIB (McCracken et al. 2002; Shea et al. 2004; McDougle et al. 2005; Marcus et al. 2009; Owen et al. 2009). Atypical antipsychotics have also not demonstrated efficacy in reducing SIB in adults with intellectual disability, with or without ASD (Ruedrich et al 2008). …


Acrylamide is a toxic compound found in high-temperature processing foods in 2002,which receives more and more attention after then.The mechanism of acrylamide formation,the relationship between acrylamide formation and antioxidant activities of products produced during the Maillard reaction,the effects of exogenous antioxidants on acrylamide formation were reviewed in the present study.Meanwhile,the possible mechanisms of the effects of antioxidants on acrylamide formation were also discussed.


The development of a selective-epi, SiGe:C HBT module for 77GHz automotive radar applications is described. A cutoff frequency (fT ) of 185GHz, in conjunction with a maximum oscillation frequency of 260GHz has been achieved through the implementation of a self-aligned selective-epi base structure and a simple, cost-effective collector construction without buried layer or deep trench isolation


Physiologic and behavioral rhythms are universal, involving most of the body's systems and affecting the timing of the symptoms and signs of disease.


The present invention relates to a connecting device and attachment of the strap. An object of the present invention is to so as to be removably coupled to ease the strap and various accessories. To this end, the present invention is provided with each other to the respective plug members and socket members on the other object, and the plug member and the socket member is such that the connection is made as a combination of rails and the rail slot to be connected. The plug member, the socket member, the rail, the rail groove, the strap


This paper presents a transmission scheme for MPEG-4 real-time video streaming over 3G network. Serving for a mobile video monitoring system, the framework of the system is given, and the software design of embedded mobile video monitoring system is described. The experimental results on 3G network show its excellent performance with limited bandwidth.


Electronic swine feeders are used to automatically measure individual feed intake on group-housed pigs, but data from these feeders contain errors resulting from feeder malfunctions and animal-feeder interactions. The objectives of this study were to develop criteria to identify errors in data from an electronic feeder that is predominant in the United States, to evaluate the frequency of errors in data from three consecutive experiments on the same feeders, and to identify factors associated with errors. Data contained 1,878,321 feed intake records (visits) from 1,721 pigs in five replicates and 124 pens. Sixteen criteria were developed to detect errors in seven variables related to entry and exit feed trough weights and times. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with presence or absence of each error type in identified visits (visits where the feeder recognized a transponder) from data set 1 using a model that included the fixed effects of replicate (2), sex (2), the linear and quadratic effects of day on test, and the random effects of feeder within replicate, pig within 1 We would like to thank National Pork Board for providing the data used in this study and Dr. Korthals from Osborne Industries, Inc. for his useful comments. This study was supported by Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, LA, USA (Project No. 3456). 2 Current address: PIC, 3033 Nashville Rd., Franklin, Kentucky 42134 3 Current address: 4900 Berkeley Place, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 4 Correspondence: 225C Kildee Hall (phone: 515-294-7509; fax: 515-294-9150; E-mail: email@example.com)


Abstract This study considers factors related to the outcome of treatment in a multifocused therapeutic preschool program. Fifty‐three 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children, most with normal intelligence, who presented with specific developmental delays and/or emotional and behavioral problems, were administered a battery of measures 1 month after admission and at discharge. Multiple regression analyses were performed to consider the child's initial level of functioning, biological and psychosocial risk indices, age at admission, length of treatment, and parent involvement in treatment to outcome. Change in overall development was associated with the widest range of potential influences, including the child's initial functional level, age at admission, length of treatment, and parent involvement. The latter was also an important determinant of achieving individualized goals. Parent involvement did not, however, contribute to language gains or increased participation in the playroom. The clinical implications of who should be admitted and maintained in a therapeutic preschool setting are discussed.


This chapter deals with attempts by unions to build coalitions with other movements and institutions in civil society. In the first place, it identifies the functions of coalition-building for unions and notes the types of resource that unions can access through alliance with other civil society agents. Secondly, it develops a typology of union-backed coalitions that distinguishes between vanguard, common-cause, and integrative coalitions. Thirdly, it examines the factors that promote coalition, which range from diminishing traditional union resources, through the availability of coalition partners to the political opportunity structure. This framework is illustrated by comparing patterns of union coalition-building in the five cases of Britain, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the US.


Echolocation calls of 10 Chinese rhinolophid species were recorded to investigate the relationship between morphology and echolocation signals. All horseshoe bats use FM-CF-FM calls. Rhinolophus rex calls at 23.7 kHz, the lowest frequency in this genus. Call frequency was not correlated with body mass (P=0.200, 9 species). Close negative relationships were found between call frequency and ear length (r=-0.942, P0.001) and also between call frequency and forearm length (r=-0.696, P0.05). Residual analysis was carried out to remove the influence of other morphological features. After calculating ear length, forearm length residuals were not significantly related to call frequency (r=-0.095, P=0.808). The significance of the correlation between ear length and call frequency was slightly lowered (r=-0.642, P=0.062) after "removing" the influence of forearm length. Ear length, therefore, was a better predictor of call frequency than forearm length [Acta Zoologica Sinica 49(1):128-133,2003].


The influence of temperature and different carbohydrates(glucose,sucrose and lactose)on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(SCY1)and Kluyveromyces marxianus(LAF-4)in the mixture of milk and pineapple juice was investigated.The results indicated:The optimum temperature for LAF-4 was 32℃-35℃,but the optimum temperature for SCY1 was 32℃.LAF-4 grew well in milk for it is able to use glucose,sucrose and lactose as carbon resource,SCY1 did not grow well in milk for it is not able to use lactose but grew well when glucose or sucrose,pineapple juice was added to the milk.The products fermented by LAF-4 were rich in fruits flavors,but lack of bouquet and bubble.On the contrary,the products fermented by SCY1 were rich in bouquet and bubble.


Have you ever reached for something underwater to find that the object was not exactly where it appeared? This is because light rays are influenced by different substances (such as air and water), depending on the substances' physical properties. The word refraction is used to describe the phenomenon of light rays bending as they pass from one substance to another substance. Although many students experience the property of refraction in everyday life, research indicates they have difficulty explaining how light rays are influenced by different mediums (Driver et al. 1994). Students have success learning about refraction by examining patterns of change that occur during hands-on, minds-on science investigations. This paper describes a simple, inexpensive, engaging way to teach refraction that students will talk about for the entire school year. First, a useful teaching tool for designing science demonstrations called the PSOE (Predict, Share, Observe, Explain) model is explained. Second, I present a PSOE demonstration I use to begin teaching the National Science Education Standards content standard about "light interact[ing] with matter by transmission (including refraction)" to eighth-grade physical science students (NRC 1996, p. 155). In addition, this paper highlights the Framework for K–12 Science Education, and students engage in essential practices such as investigating scientific questions, working collaboratively to formulate ideas, and analyzing, interpreting, and making scientific claims based on data (NRC 2012).


The quality, safety and efficacy of a pharmaceutical product is monitored and maintained throughout the process of manufacture and stability of product by a series of tests from quality control. The quality control test involves methods which embrace chemical, instrumental, microbiological or simply biological procedures. The pharmaceutical analysis may be defined as that branch of practical chemistry which deals with the separation, identification, determination and purification of a medicine or a pharmaceutical; the detection and estimation of impurities that may be present therein is also included.


It is crucial for the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions how to separate the photo-excited electrons and holes and how to utilize them at interfaces. There are two main difficulties to make these possible; variations of defects and co-catalysts. Most of the metal oxide photocatalysts have shallow and deep trap states, whose structure is always controversial. It is hard to tell which state helps reaction or not. Various co-catalysts have been applied, but also it is difficult to tell the real effect; charge separation or the surface passivation. Here, we will show the method to distinguish the defect type from the electron dynamics by using the transient grating (TG) method, which has a high sensitivity at the interface. We prepared a film sample by heating a TiO2 paste on a glass substrate. The film was contacted with a reactant solution sandwiched by another glass and a spacer. The TG method is one of the time-resolved techniques, which measures the refractive index change at the interface after shining a pulse excitation light. We could distinguish three different routes for photo-excited electrons; bulk trap (<100 ns), surface trap (1-5 us), Ti trap (0.5 – 10 s). Only the surface trap showed reactivity with reactants on the solution side. Ti trap had a longer lifetime, which was only observed when the photoexcited holes were scavenged. This trap seems to affect the cycle of the photocatalyst. This method offers simultaneous measurements of different trap states, and gives an insight of which defects have an actual reactivity.


A new hard X-ray beamline for CATalysis and ACTinide research has been built at the synchrotron radiation facility ANKA. The beamline design is dedicated to X-ray spectroscopy, including 'flux hungry' photon-in/photon-out and correlative techniques with a special infrastructure for radionuclide and catalysis research. The CAT-ACT beamline will help serve the growing need for high flux/hard X-ray spectroscopy in these communities. The design, the first spectra and the current status of this project are reported.


Annual Reports of the Board of Education of the City of Detroit. Detroit, 1917, 1918. Pp. 245HANMER, LEE F. Physical Training and Play. The Gary Public Schools. Paper. New York: General Education Board, 1918. Pp. xix+35. MCFEE, INEZ N. The Teacher, the School, and the Community. New York: American Book Co., 1918. Pp. 256. MONROE, WALTER SCOTT. Measuring the Results of Teaching. Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1918. Pp. xviii+297. Organization and Administration of Intermediate Schools in Boston. Bulletin No. XVII of the Department of Educational Investigation and Measurement. Boston: City of Boston Printing Department, September,


This paper aims to contribute to the debate on the best way to reduce the tax burden on the production sector in Brazil, by simulating an overlapping generations model calibrated to the country's economy. Our focus is on the comparison of the macroeconomic and welfare impacts brought about by policies that reduce the tax burden on labour and policies based on the reduction of the tax burden on capital. According to our results, reducing the tax burden on capital may lead to substantial gains in terms of capital accumulation and GDP relative to reducing the burden on labour. Both types of policies must generate welfare losses to elderly generations alive when the reform takes place and welfare gains to future generations, but the effects on intermediate generations may differ substantially under each policy.


Linear phased arrays enable simultaneous tunable focusing and scanning. Using an electrostatically actuated, high-speed linear phased array of MEMS mirrors, we demonstrate cylindrical focusing with 90% optical efficiency up to 0.008 numerical aperture (NA) with simultaneous beam steering. Single focus scanning is demonstrated up to an NA of 0.013, at which point the focus splits, creating a multifocal response. The array refresh rate is only limited by the speed of the elements, allowing random-access axial and lateral scanning up to 350 kHz.


Excerpt When the chemist approaches the study of a biological system, his first enquiry is usually at the analytical level, namely, the identification and quantitative determination of the reactant...


AbstractThis paper aims to explore an important issue that all module leaders meet: what main textbook should they select to underpin the delivery of a introductory marketing course, bearing in mind that students will be required to buy and use it. Marketing module lecturers in higher education institutions are very likely to support their marketing modules on VLE platforms whilst their recommended marketing textbook has valuable supplementary digital textbook content that can be embedded in VLE modules – a truly "augmented product version creating worthwhile pedagogic added value. A "quasi-buying process" is offered that makes explicit the stages in selecting "main textbooks". This exploratory paper need to followed up by research to find if this model is generally predictive. This author developed this model from his case of piloting the use of publishers' supplementary materials to support their textbooks presented to the British Academy of Marketing Conference in 2007.


The rapid growth of the urban population should be followed by the provision of basic infrastructure and facilities inadequate residential areas. One of them is the facilities and infrastructure for the environmental drainage system in residential areas to be free from standing water, especially during the rainy season. In Jembrana Regency, especially in Negara city and its surroundings, there are fourteen inundation points spread over 3 (three) districts. Drainage treatment is carried out by ranking priority scales based on inundation parameters. The parameters are inundation of height, length, frequency, and also the loss parameters due to inundation of economic facilities, public facilities, transportation facilities, housing, and casualties. With limited funds available, detailed planning is carried out on three inundation points with the highest priority score. The analysis shows that three inundation points receive priority for handling, namely Baler Bale Agung village's environmental drainage system, Dauh Waru village, and environmental drainage Loloan Timur village. The drainage construction system uses an open channel with a U-ditch type and a box culvert with freecast concrete's quality value of K-350.


Fatigue is reported by up to 90% of people with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The exact cause of this symptom is as yet unknown however some of the causes considered are (i) that it is an independent symptom of SLE, (ii) that it occurs as a result of increased disease activity and (iii) that fatigue is as a result of the psychosocial impact of managing the daily impact of SLE. Regardless of the underlying causative mechanism of this symptom, fatigue is identified as the most difficult and troublesome aspect of the disease. Despite its high prevalence, people with SLE report that little attention is given to fatigue during hospital or clinic visits. This oversight is thought to arise from inadequate understanding and recognition of the symptom by health professionals and a lack of medical interventions to alleviate the symptom. This chapter presents the debate on the causes of fatigue in SLE and factors that increase fatigue. It then focuses on the impact of fatigue for the person with SLE and presents research on how people with SLE describe their fatigue and its impact on daily activities with a particular emphasis on work. The final section of the chapter provides an overview on measuring fatigue and provides simple fatigue management strategies that health professionals can recommend to people with fatigue. Introduction Fatigue in SLE is described as a feeling of tiredness, a lack of energy and endurance, or extreme exhaustion (Ahn and Ramsey-Goldman, 2012). It is experienced as a sensation beyond ordinary tiredness and something that rest does not always improve (Schmeiding and Schneider, 2013). As a symptom, it is non-specific and very subjective. It is reported as having serious consequences in terms of health-care expense and impact on work ability (Norheim et al, 2011).


The invention relates to a lens group of a camera die set, comprising a lens barrel and a lens which is contained in the lens barrel, wherein the lens group also comprises a magnetic element and an elastic component which are annularly arranged at the periphery of the lens barrel. The elastic component comprises at least one spring piece, one end of the spring piece is connected and fixed with the lens group, and the other end of the spring piece is used for being connected and fixed with a stator group of the camera die set. When the magnetic element is driven by the action of an external magnetic field to drive the lens group to move, one end of the spring piece, which is connected and fixed with the lens group, moves following the lens group relatively to the other end of the spring piece and enables the spring piece to deform.


In this paper "design" refers to the professional practice of creating new products, buildings, services and communication. Design can be understood as an emergent order that evolves as new cognitive and perceptual capacities enable a greater understanding of complexity, context and system dynamics. In turn, these emergent capacities create greater potential for social and technological innovation. This paper will argue that despite emergent skills, designers are not able to effectively address contemporary problems in regards to sustainability due to conflicts with the emergent order of the market. Critically, "design" is not the same as the "design industry." The design industry operates according to highly reductive feedback generated by capitalism that systemically ignores signals from the ecological and social systems. These conflicts result in severe distortions of knowledge and reason thereby eliminating prospects for long-term prosperity.


Three types of observations were used to test the hypothesis that the response of stomatal conductance to a change in vapour pressure deficit is controlled by whole-leaf transpiration rate or by feedback from leaf water potential. Varying the leaf water potential of a measured leaf by controlling the transpiration rate of other leaves on the plant did not affect the response of stomatal conductance to vapour pressure deficit in Glycine max. In three species, stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit was eliminated when measurements were made at near-zero carbon dioxide concentrations, despite the much higher transpiration rates of leaves at low carbon dioxide. In Abutilon theophrasti, increasing vapour pressure deficit sometimes resulted in both decreased stomatal conductance and a lower transpiration rate even though the response of assimilation rate to the calculated substomatal carbon dioxide concentration indicated that there was no 'patchy' stomatal closure at high vapour pressure deficit in this case. These results are not consistent with stomatal closure at high vapour pressure deficit caused by increased wholeleaf transpiration rate or by lower leaf water potential. The lack of response of conductance to vapour pressure deficit in carbon dioxide-free air suggests that abscisic acid may mediate the response.


The invention relates to an operation mechanical arm of a water surface environment monitoring cruising robot. The operation mechanical arm comprises a lifting device, a Stewart parallel connection mechanism and a shooting device. The Stewart parallel connection mechanism is located between the lifting device and the shooting device. The lower end of the Stewart parallel connection mechanism is connected with the lifting device. The upper end of the Stewart parallel connection mechanism is connected with the shooting device. The operation mechanical arm has the orientation and angle regulation function, the camera fixing function and the shooting operation function, the function of conducting the water surface environment monitoring operation can be achieved in an unmanned automatic shooting manner, the intelligent degree is high, orientation and angle regulation is convenient and flexible, camera fixing is convenient and stable, and shooting is rapid and high in quality.


The formation of microstructure features of cold-resistant bainite-martensite steel 09CrNi2MoCu has been investigated. Thermal cycles during direct laser deposition were studied. The thermal cycles at different points of the deposited samples were investigated. The thermal cycles and CCT diagrams on microstructure formation and mechanical properties have been analyzed. The numerical calculation of the three-dimensional thermal conductivity problem by the finite element method is carried out. The received data of experimentally measured thermal cycles and the calculated data have shown good coincidence of temperature values. On the basis of the obtained data the calculated dependence of inter-layer temperature at depositing the sample with and without a pause is given. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples in the initial state and after heat treatment have been studied and compared with traditional hot rolling. The microstructure features at different pauses between passes in different parts of the obtained samples were revealed. The effect on static tensile and impact toughness at -40°C in the bred and heat-treated state was investigated.


Simulation experiment is an important method to study the performance of bridge structure, among which the simulation experiment of the structure under static load is an effective way to evaluate bridge quality and bearing capacity. In this paper, a 1:25 reduced-scale model of vehicle and bridge is used to simulate the performance of the practical bridge under static load. The finite element analysis is used for virtual simulation, and scale model experiment is used for physical simulation. Comparing the results of physical simulation and virtual simulation for the experiment, it is found that the two are basically the same, verifying the accuracy and effectiveness of this method. Physical simulation and virtual simulation complement each other, which plays an important role in promoting the experimental research and teaching in bridge engineering.


Recently, universal basic income (UBI) has become one of the most hotly debated issues in both academic and popular literature. The paper describes the conceptual core of this project, critically evaluates the philosophical, moral and economic arguments put forward both "for" and "against" it, and summarizes evidence on implementation of social programs close to it "in spirit". It is emphasized that UBI should be viewed as a global politico-philosophical and ethico-economic project. This explains why its full-fledged version has never been put into practice anywhere and the consequences of its real introduction are unknown. The analysis is conducted in a comparative institutional perspective, which allows us to highlight the most important differences between this scheme and alternative forms of social support. Three lines of its justification are discussed — normative, positive and "alarmist" (referring to negative processes in the labor market) ones. The author concludes that UBI has no future as a real program of action. This project contradicts the latest trends in the evolution of welfare state; the costs associated with it are fiscally unbearable; most people perceive it as morally unacceptable. Most likely, UBI will end up as another cabinet utopia.


Objective
To identify the metabolite levels on prefrontal cortex in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by 1H-MRS.

Methods
Thirty-two patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly selected as research group from February 2013 to January 2015, and 30 healthy volunteers were selected as control group. 1H-MRS was given to all the subjects on prefrontal cortex. The ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr were determined.

Results
In the bilateral prefrontal cortex, the NAA/Cr ratio of research group was lower than that of control group, the difference was significant (P<0.05), the Cho/Cr ratio of research group was higher than that of control group, the difference was significant (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Abnormal metabolism of neurons on prefrontal cortex in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Key words:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis; Prefrontal cortex


A laser processing device 1 includes a laser light source 10, a spatial light modulator 20, a control section 22, and a condensing optical system 30. The spatial light modulator 20 is input with a laser light output from the laser light source 10, presents a hologram for modulating the phase of the laser light in each of a plurality of two-dimensionally arrayed pixels, and outputs the phase-modulated laser light. The control section 22 causes a part of the phase-modulated laser light (incident light) to be condensed at a condensing position existing in a processing region as a laser light (contribution light) having a constant energy not less than a predetermined threshold X. On the other hand, the control section 22 causes a laser light (unnecessary light) other than the contribution light condensed to the condensing position existing in the processing region to be dispersed and condensed at a condensing position existing in a non-processing region as a plurality of laser lights (non-contribution lights) having an energy less than the predetermined threshold X.


The methods including integral humidity index,dry and wet index and linear regression were applied to analyze the change of drought and waterlogging degree and water supply and demand in Dashiqiao area of Liaoning Province in agricultural growing seasons.The results indicated that the precipitation of this area showed decreasing trend;the annual precipitation trend was reduced for 170 mm and the precipitation trends of spring,summer and autumn were reduced for 10,114 and 47 mm resp.Compared with agricultural water demand,the water deficit in growing seasons was 35 mm,the content extent tendency of precipitation and the drought index trend were decreased by 37.7% and for 0.345 resp.;the climate type of growing seasons of crops was changed from partial moisten to partial drought,that of spring and autumn were transferred to be moderate drought climate type and the drought probability was increased since 1980.


AIMS
To investigate the clinical value of a lower blood pressure (BP) cut-off for Stage 1 (S1) hypertension (130-139 mmHg systolic or 80-89 mmHg diastolic) in comparison to the currently established Stage 2 (S2) cut-off (≥140/90 mmHg) in a population-based cohort.

METHODS AND RESULTS
We assessed the hypertension prevalence and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in a sample of 11 603 participants (52% men, 48% women; mean 47.6 years) from the MONICA/KORA prospective study. The implementation of the new S1 cut-off increased the prevalence of hypertension from 34% to 63%. Only 24% of S2 hypertension patients were under treatment. Within a follow-up period of 10 years (70 148 person-years), 370 fatal CVD events were observed. The adjusted CVD-specific mortality rate per 1000 persons was 1.61 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-2.25] cases in S2 and 1.07 (95% CI 0.71-1.64) cases in S1 hypertension in comparison to normal BP. Cox proportional regression models were significant for the association of S2 and CVD mortality (1.54, 95% CI 1.04-2.28, P = 0.03), also in the presence of competing risks (1.47, P = 0.05). However, statistical significance for S1 hypertension was not reached (0.93, 95% CI 0.61-1.44, P = 0.76). Among S2 participants, there was a significantly higher prevalence of depressed-mood in treated patients (47%) in comparison to non-treated patients (33%) (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION
The lower BP cut-off substantially increased hypertension prevalence, while capturing a population with lower CVD mortality. Additionally, participants under treatment were more likely to have depressed-mood in comparison to non-treated participants, which might reflect a negative labelling effect.


The compound EuFe(2-x)Co(x)As2 was investigated by means of the 57Fe and 151Eu Moessbauer spectroscopy versus temperature (4.2 - 300 K) for x=0 (parent), x=0.34 - 0.39 (superconductor) and x=0.58 (overdoped). It was found that spin density wave (SDW) is suppressed by Co-substitution, however it survives in the region of superconductivity, but iron spectra exhibit some non-magnetic component in the superconducting region. Europium orders anti-ferromagnetically regardless of the Co concentration with the spin re-orientation from the a-axis in the parent compound toward c-axis with the increasing replacement of iron by cobalt. The re-orientation takes place close to the a-c plane. Some trivalent europium appears in EuFe(2-x)Co(x)As2 versus substitution due to the chemical pressure induced by Co-atoms and it experiences some transferred hyperfine field from Eu2+. Iron experiences some transferred field due to the europium ordering for substituted samples in the SDW and non-magnetic state both, while the transferred field is undetectable in the parent compound. Superconductivity coexists with the 4f-europium magnetic order within the same volume. It seems that superconductivity has some filamentary character in EuFe(2-x)Co(x)As2 and it is confined to the non-magnetic component seen by the iron Moessbauer spectroscopy.


Mobile learning is a cognitively demanding application and more frequently the ubiquitous nature of mobile computing means that mobile devices are used in cognitively demanding environments. This paper examines the nature of this use of mobile devices from a Learning, Usability and Cognitive Load Theory perspective. It suggests scenarios where these fields interact and presents an experiment which determined that several sources of cognitive load can be measured simultaneously by the learner. The experiment also looked at the interaction between these cognitive load types and found that a distraction did not affect the performance or cognitive load associated with a learning task but it did affect the perception of the cognitive load associated with using the application interface. This paper concludes by suggesting ways in which mobile learning (and mobile computing) can benefit by developing cognitive load aware systems that could detect and change the difficulty of the learning task based on the cognitive state of the learner.


We study the controversial association between breast cancer risk and socioeconomic status. Using a logistic regression model we showed that previously found elevated risk of breast cancer associated with higher socioeconomic status might be explained by the variation in reproductive and other breast cancer risk factors among women in different socioeconomic standings. After adjusting for these factors the increased risk becomes not significant and disappears. Our new methodology estimates breast cancer risk consistently and do not require special observation as time to breast cancer incidence, thus it may be applicable to the different range of datasets, previously not being used because of this missing variable. We also extend the study to not widely covered before premenopausal women and found no significant difference in the association between breast cancer risk and socioeconomic status among pre- and postmenopausal women.


The invention discloses an E-shaped fastener constrained type assembled buckling-restrained energy-consumed brace, belonging to the technical field of structural engineering. The E-shaped fastener constrained type assembled buckling-restrained energy-consumed brace is characterized in that the brace comprises two E-shaped fasteners and a hot rolled H-shaped steel; the two E-shaped fasteners are connected together through bolts and form a periphery constrained component; enclosed rectangle tubes of the two E-shaped fasteners are internally injected with concretes; and appropriate gaps are left between the two E-shaped fasteners and the hot rolled H-shaped steel. The invention can provide lateral resistant effect to multiple-story and high-rise buildings and reach total cross-section buckling under the action of strong earthquake, thereby effectively consuming energy. By taking the hot rolled H-shaped steel as an inner core stressed component, cross sections have wide specification selection range, buckling loads with larger tonnage can be realized, and better ductility is achieved in comparison with the welding of I shaped steel. In addition, the invention has the advantages of easy material selecting, simple processing, convenient construction, low construction cost and convenience for industrial scale production.


Stabilized seven-core MgB2 cable has been made from two-axially rolled single-core wires with a Ti/Cu sheath. It was shown that drawing deformation applied prior to braiding influences the core density and consequently also the transport current density, Jc. A proper drawing deformation allows avoiding Jc degradation, and cable critical current density 104 A cm−2 at 9.5 T and 105 A cm−2 at 4.5 T can be reached at 4.2 K.


Abstract Today, some ten years after the Chair of the 'History and Theory of World Culture' was first set up in the Faculty of Philosophy at Moscow State University (MGU), it is possible to look back and tentatively piece together the elements which comprised both its undoubted successes — and some of its failures. It is tempting to suggest that in many ways its short history bears witness to the vagaries of the 'Russian mind'.


A prerequisite for the direct spectrographic analysis of molten steels in industrial furnaces is the knowledge that good quality spectra can be obtained from molten steel surfaces, and that precise quantitative determinations can be made by using such spectra.The emission-spectrographic determination of nickel from a molten steel surface at 1600° C under an argon atmosphere has, therefore, been investigated. When a condensed spark between a graphite electrode and the molten steel surface was used, spectra of good quality were produced. The standard deviations in the error for the determination of 0·7 to 1·8 per cent. of nickel in molten and solid steel samples, analysed under similar conditions, were 0·045 and 0·022 per cent., respectively.


Recent Raman scattering experiments on LiKSO 4 from room pressure to 10 GPa suggest three phase transitions in this region. We have performed a high-pressure energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction study of this compound, using a diamond-anvil cell, to pressures of about 15 GPa. We find that not all phase transitions indicated in the Raman study are associated with structural changes. The most interesting feature, however, is exhibited by this compound above 12 GPa. The diffraction peaks diminish in intensity and are replaced by a broad hump indicative of an amorphous phase. On release of pressure, the compound returns to a crystalline phase after several days.


The rocky intertidal fish assemblage at an area of nearshore cold water upwelling at Punta Clara, northern Baja California, Mexico was sampled bimonthly for I yr. Temperatures in this upwelling region typically range from 10° to 16°C throughout the year and are significantly lower than those of surrounding areas in the warm-temperate Californian biogeographic province. The assemblage at Punta Clara is a species-rich mixture composed ofeight fishes that are primarily Californian in distribution, seven that are primarily Oregonian cold-temperate, and four that range throughout both provinces. In terms of relative numbers, 53% of the total number of fishes are Californian, 33% are Oregonian, and 14% belong to both provinces . In terms of biomass, 75% are Californian, 20% are Oregonian, and 5% belong to both provinces. Two common intertidal fishes characteristic of the Californian province (and belonging to the largely tropical and subtropical families Blenniidae and Labrisomidae) are absent, as are members of the Stichaeidae, which are characteristic of the Oregonian intertidal. Populations ofOregonian fishes in these upwelling regions off Baja California may be Pleistocene relicts maintained by cold temperatures. Alternatively, allozyme studies of two of these species suggest considerable gene flow between northern and Baja Californian populations that could be maintained by larval transport in coastal currents, such as the California Current. POINT CONCEPTION, CALIFORNIA (34S N) forms a boundary or transitional zone between the warm-temperate Californian biogeographic province to the south (a region that extends to ca. 25° N, Baja California, Mexico) and the cold-temperate Oregonian province to the north (Garth 1955, Valentine 1966, Brusca and Wallerstein 1979). Nearshore surface waters in the Californian province typically have temperatures ranging from 13° to 21°C throughout the year , whereas those at Point Conception range from 11.5° to I This study was supported, in part, by N.S.F. Grant #BSR·8600180 (Biotic Systems and Resources) and a Sloan Postdoctoral Fellowship to C. A. Stepien. It was also supported by grants from the University of California U.S. Grants program for undergraduate research to J. A. Adler (no. 1988-1 and no. 1989-36) and P. J. Mangold (no. 1989-27). Manuscript accepted 10 April 1990. 2 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, A-002, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. 14°C, and those in the Oregonian province range from 9° to l2°C (see Table 1; Hubbs 1948, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963). Point Conception is the southern limit of the ranges of many species, including fishes, of the Oregonian province (Horn and Allen 1978). However, several nearshore fishes (Hubbs 1948, 1960), invertebrates (Garth 1955), and algae (Dawson 1960) that are distributed primarily in the Oregonian province reappear in localized nearshore areas of cold water upwelling off northern Baja California, Mexico (Hubbs 1948, 1960).These Oregonian species largely skip the warmer waters of southern California and coexist with many of the Californian biota in these upwelling regions (Hubbs 1948, 1960, Dawson 1960, Briggs 1974). The upwelling areas have surface temperatures 3° to 9°C lower than those of immediately adjacent areas characteristic of the Californian warm-temperate biogeographic province (Hubbs 1948, 1960; see Table 1). The unique mixture of biota in these


The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize the biomechanical material properties of tissue in vivo is an emerging application. Local frequency estimation (LFE) [1] has been used to locally extract the wavenumber κ from displacement wave fields in order to estimate the elastic shear modulus via the well-known phase velocity relation [2,3]. LFE-based inversion is attractive because it allows material parameters to be estimated without explicitly invoking the equations of motion, thus obviating the need to numerically compute the Laplacian. In this study, viscoelastic properties of brain tissue at multiple frequencies were obtained by local frequency estimation (LFE) applied to distortional wave fields. This avoids artifacts from the presence of unmodeled longitudinal waves. By use of the equation describing planar distortional wave propagation in a lossy medium, the viscoelastic shear moduli were approximated.© 2012 ASME


An Essay in honor of Professor Andrzej Walicki is the attempt to show the usefulness of history of Russian thought to research on fundamental categories of our thinking about history and politics. The aim of this work is to present a possible understanding of the conservative idea. This has been illustrated by views of two outstanding representatives of the Russian conservative thought of the 19th century, Konstantin Leontyev and Konstantin Pobedonostsev.


Objective To investigate the in vitro effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine Zilongjin on prostate cancer cell lines. Methods MTT assay,flow cytometry, colony on soft agar,and fluorescence microscopy were used to observe the effects of Zilongjin on anti proliferation,inhibition of clonal growth,cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction.RT PCR method was used to study the regulative effect of Zilongjin on prostate marker genes PSA,AR,apoptosis related genes Bcl 2,Bax and tumor suppressing gene p16. Results Zilongjin caused notable anti proliferative effect,and induced G 0/G 1 phase arrest dose dependently on LNCaP,DU 145 and PC 3 cell lines.Inhibition of cell growth by 50% (IC 50 ) was observed with Zilongjin at concentrations of 0.79,0.42 and 0.52 mg/ml,respectively.Apoptosis induction was seen in LNCaP and DU 145 cell lines.Zilongjin also caused inhibition of clonal growth of DU 145 cell line.In addition,Zilongjin down regulated the expression of PSA,AR and Bcl 2 genes in LNCaP cell line;and down regulated Bcl 2,up regulated Bax and p16 genes expression in DU 145 cell line. Conclusions It is demonstrated that Zilongjin has antitumor action through anti proliferation,inhibition of clonal growth,G 0/G 1 phase arrest,apoptosis induction and regulating the expression of PSA,AR,Bcl 2,Bax and p16 genes.


The present embodiments disclosure may be used in physical vapor deposition of the matching network. Matching network may include a first RF generator coupled to the deposition chamber by a first target having a first impedance matching network tuning circuit. The first RF generator may be configured to introduce a first AC signal to a target deposition chamber. Further comprising a matching network may be coupled to the deposition chamber through the base of the second impedance matching network a second RF generator. The second RF generator may be configured to introduce a second AC signal to the deposition chamber base. First tuning circuit may be configured to affect the second AC signal is modified on the plasma formed between the deposition chamber and the deposition chamber susceptor target.


This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors. Ethology published by Blackwell Verlag GmbH. 1Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, Washington Singer Labs, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK 2WWT, Slimbridge Wetland Centre, Gloucestershire, UK 3University Centre Sparsholt, Winchester, UK


This paper examines the ongoing transformations of residential development underway in the North-Western corridor of the Madrid metropolitan region, which are a consequence of a deconcentration process that has affected the capital of Spain over several decades. It also outlines the historical forces that have paved the way for the contemporary suburbanisation process. This part of the Madrid region, traditionally used for animal husbandry or leisure activities for wealthy social classes, was later occupied by second homes. In recent years we have observed a transformation of these second homes into principal residences, together with a construction of brand-new primary residences. This is linked to the rise in housing prices occurring in central Madrid, which has fostered a centrifugal movement of population. This process has particularly affected single-family housing.


In order to estimate the degree of genetic divergence between the two types of finespotted flounder, Pleuronichthys cornutus which is important commercially in Japan, isozyme analysis was carried out by starch gel electrophoresis. Twenty two loci coding for fourteen enzymes were scored in two types of finespotted flounder and three completely divergent loci (Acp, Idh-2 and Mdh-2), with no common alleles, were observed between these two types. Nei's genetic distance between two types was 0.46592. However, the expected average heterozygosity was 0.120 in type A (Hon meitagarei) and 0.095 in type B (Bake meitagarei) These results mean that the existence of two types of finespotted flounder was established in this study which may have had genetic divergence and the divergence time of these two types may have been about years ago.


A new-style liquid crystal( LC) biosensor based on enzymatic growth of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) was developed for detection of tyrosine(Tyr). Tyrosinase(TR) was immobilized on the glass slides modified with APTES / DMOAP mixed self-assembled monolayers( SAM) and activated by glutaraldehyde,which,afterwards,were immersed in a growth solution containing different concentrations of Tyr. In this method,TR stimulated the biocatalyzed hydroxylation of Tyr to L-Dopa which could reduce Au3 +in the growth solution into AuNPs. The formation of AuNPs could greatly change the surface topology and induce a homeotropic-to-tiled transition of the LC molecules,resulting in significant change in corresponding of optical appearances under the crossed polarized light. The results showed that the presented LC biosensor can highly sensitive to Tyr with a limit of detection of 6 × 10- 7mol / L. Furthermore,this study offers a simple,high-specific and label-free method with naked eye for Tyr.


Abstract This paper provides a description of employee assistance programs (EAPs) and work-life programs as perceived by human resource professionals and the "purchasers" or employers that offer their workforce these benefits. This description unveils the purchasers' needs, preferences and concerns regarding such programs. Moreover, efforts that the Employee Assistance Industry Alliance (The Alliance) has been involved with that directly affect the EAP and work-life industry are highlighted and discussed in the context of missed opportunities within these industries. Finally, the authors assert that a cohesive and organized industry is necessary to position EAP and work-life services to meet the demands of a changing workplace and to establish themselves as indispensable versus a commodity.


The article synthesizes research about the possibility of the virtual environment for teaching and learning to be a space for educational practice from the theses gun theory and dialogism of Amilcar Cabral and Paulo Freire, respectively. Starting from the hypothesis that the relationship between these concepts is effective when the assimilated is rooted again in their culture and abandon the culture of the invader, from qualitative methodology were analyzed the responses of students of Virtual UNB in 2004. As conclusion it is highlighted that a relationship of affective nature, as proposed by Paulo Freire, can occur in a space with a virtual mediation, since the participants are not extremely numerous as to make it difficult for everyone to know. Finally, the fundamental factor, if not determining, from Amilcar Cabral, is a political attitude, as the participants' interest in opting for this kind of relationship, which consequently leads to loving dialogue that can break the bonds of domination.


shorter median overall survival than that of patients with 6.5 g/dl to normal haemoglobin (P ¼ 0.013) or patients with normal haemoglobin (P < 0.001). Similarly, patients with 6.5 g/dl to normal haemoglobin showed a significant shorter overall survival than patients with normal haemoglobin (P ¼ 0.012) (Figure 1). The multivariate analysis showed anaemia (hazard ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.01e1.83, P ¼ 0.037) to be a statistically independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Anaemia is more common in patients with gastric cancer than in others [1]. Although it is reported that a low haemoglobin level selected on various cut-off values was correlated to a poor overall survival of AGC patients [2], few studies used the National Cancer Institute's criteria of anaemia to evaluate the association of the degree of anaemia with the prognosis of AGC patients. We found that a lowerhaemoglobin level had a more negative influence on the overall survival of AGC patients. Our results suggest that baseline anaemia was an independent negative prognostic factor for overall survival and that a lower haemoglobin level might predict a poorer overall survival in AGC patients.


In real-time database systems, transactions's commitment done before the given deadlines is more important than just getting the maximum throughput. Transactions missing the given deadlines are no longer meaningful in real-time applications. Therefore, there is a need for new transaction processing models to meet the given deadlines in real-time database applications, because most conventional transaction models are not designed to meet deadlines. In this paper we propose a new transaction models which uses multiple versions of a data item. The model uses read-from graphs and dynamic reorder of transactions to meet deadlines. A read-from graph contains the past read semantics of read operations and support the model to decide which database operation to be taken. Then, we show simulation results comparing the proposed model with other transaction models such as two phase locking model and the optimistic concurrency control model.


Two of the most important issues in knowledge age are knowledge management and innovation,and organizational learning is also the nich of existing in enterprises. So enterprises need to arise the organizational knowledge by throughing effective knowledge management and develop organizational learning with concentration,and then arise the organizational innovation and organizational performance. And used the employees of the Tainan Branch of the CHT as the study targets for discussing the impact of the organizational learning , knowledge management and organizational innovation on organizational performance. Through the review of literature in this study, with the reference of the related studies on organizational learning , knowledge management , organizational performance and organizational innovation, after making sure the study variable and framework, in coordination to the purpose of this study, the relationship between the related variables was analyzed to bring up the hypothesis. In addition, the 220 questionnaires were sent out (with 150 effective questionnaires returned, the returning rate is 68.18%); through frequency statistic, factor analysis, reliability and validity analysis, regression analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, mediate effect analysis, and so on to conduct data analysis and confirmation. After the empirical study, the main conclusion is as followed: 1.Organizational learning has significant positive impact on the organizational innovation and organizational performance. 2.Knowledge management has significant positive impact on the organizational innovation and organizational performance. 3.Organizational innovation in the relationship between " the organizational learning & organizational innovation & organizational performance" organizational innovation has significant mediating effect. 4.Organizational innovation in the relationship between " the knowledge management & organizational innovation & organizational performance" has significant mediating effect. Finally, we will have a deeper discussion of this study's conclusion and management implication, and show solid study contributions and practical recommendations to provide academic and business use.


[Objective] The purpose was to research the effect of different water supply on photosynthetic physiological characteristics of mung bean seedling so as to confirm reasonable scope of water supply.[Method] Four kinds of water supply were designed by simulating the rainfall of Changchun,which were Treatment Ⅰ:150 mm,Treatment Ⅱ:250 mm,Treatment Ⅲ:350 mm and Treatment Ⅳ:450 mm resp.The effect of different water supply on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of mung bean seedling was analyzed with multiple indexes.[Result] The daily mean values of mung bean leaves of different water supply were as follows: Treatment Ⅲ Treatment Ⅳ Treatment Ⅱ Treatment Ⅰ,their daily mean values of stomatal conductance were as follows: Treatment Ⅳ Treatment Ⅲ Treatment Ⅱ Treatment Ⅰ and their daily mean values of water utilization rates were as follows: Treatment Ⅲ Treatment Ⅱ Treatment Ⅰ Treatment Ⅳ.The daily variation trends of transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of mung bean of different water supply were basically uniform.The variations of intercellular CO2 concn.of Treatment Ⅰ and Treatment Ⅱ were basically uniform and that of Treatment Ⅲ and Treatment Ⅳ in afternoon were basically uniform.The daily variation of stomatal limit of Treatment Ⅰ and Treatment Ⅱ showed as obvious bimodal curve and that of Treatment Ⅲ and Treatment Ⅳ showed non-obvious bimodal curve.[Conclusion] The suitable water supply of mung bean seedling was 250-350 mm.


Water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.)Solms)is widespread in Hainan Province.It has caused serious harm and becomes a dominant species in parts of the surveyed areas.Naturally infected water hyacints were discovered and collected in Hainan.Two kinds of leaf spot with different typical symptoms were widely distributed.Two fungal strains were obtained using the method of tissue isolation.Based on the culture features and morphological characteristics the two pathogens were preliminarily identified as Alternaria sp.and Colletotrichum sp.The pathogenicity test indicated that the two fungi were proved to be highly virulent to E.crassipes.Only the metabolites produced by Alternaria sp.made the leaves of E.crassipes yellow and wilting,meaning that the metabolites showed good herbicidal activity.


Regional creation system consists of creative agency. creative resources, intermediary agency and management system. It has the functions of promoting the upgrade of regional industry structure.forming regional core competitive capacity and realizing the development of regional economy. At present .there are problems exist in the development of our regional creation system, such as marketing environment .inestment environment .and regional system environment. We should strengthen the macro regulation .perfect market mechanism and promote system itself creative ability.


Abstract:The main sources of this article are letters from 'ordinary people to Soviet leaders. Counterbalancing current theories about trust and distrust, it analyses correspondence between people and state to explore for the first time the phenomenon of 'forced trust as a central feature of Communist modernity. Forced trust represents a paradox that contributed to the collapse of the Soviet state: an illiberal system was promoting a liberal subject who was forced to trust in the state and the party but, at the same time, experienced his/her limited autonomy by generating personal meanings, interests and needs as a part of life under the dictatorship.


Jumpamine chloride (JCl-) is a natural waste product of muscle metabolism in many species of frogs. Phrogsucker et al. (1957) first reported that up to 60% of this chemical is reabsorbed from the bladder before excretion. This result lead to a number of studies attempting to identify the advantage of reabsorption of this product. One recent study showed that injection of JClinto the bloodstream increased muscle mass in the grass frog Rana pipiens (Hylaflex and Smith,1988). Anurheight (1990) was the first to demonstrate an actual improvement in performance capability, by showing that swimming performance in Xenopus laevis was improved by adding JClto the diet.


In this paper, I review the use of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) to determine properties of bulk materials, thin films, and interfaces. The relationship of SE to other characterization techniques and the role of optical modeling in representing average or effective properties of microstructurally complicated structures is discussed. The present state of instrumentation is described and prospects for future developments are indicated. Recent progress in data reduction and analysis includes the development of Fourier methods to minimize noise and baseline effects and to improve accuracy in data manipulation and the determination of critical point parameters, and of systematic methods to determine thicknesses of films for which the dielectric properties are unknown. Examples included illustrate the determination of bulk density and alloy composition, microscopic roughness, constituent fractions of heterogeneous materials, dielectric properties of overlayers, and the properties of buried interfaces. A list of references to other work and to more detailed treatments of the topics discussed here is given at the end.


A new benzo[c]carbazolyl-based phosphine ligand has been designed and synthesized. This newly developed ligand efficiently facilitates the Pd-catalyzed tetra-ortho-substituted biaryl syntheses via Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling. With 1 mol% of the Pd(OAc)2/L6 catalyst, sterically congested biaryls were afforded in good-to-excellent yields. In particular, the mild reaction conditions exhibited good compatibility of heterocycles and functional groups including esters and nitrile. L6 was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis.


With the increasing demand and popularity in wireless mobile technologies, more and more applications have been developed in the market to use the technologies and to achieve higher work efficiency to facilitate client users to fetch and manage information anytime and anywhere. In this paper, an investigation and analysis report of NFC (Near Field Communication) technology in mHealthcare (mobile healthcare) area focusing on security, privacy and performance is presented. One of the main focuses presented in the paper is to incorporate QR (Quick Response) code into the existing NFC technology in the mHealthcare domain.


To test whether backpack radiotags impacted the wintering biology of northern pintails (Anas acuta), I attached spear-suture (SSU, n=82 in 1993) or harness (HAR, n=337 in 1991-1993) backpack radiotags to female Hatch-Year(HY) and After-Hatch-Year (AHY) pintails after their autumn arrival in California. I evaluated impacts of radiotags on 1) wintering population distribution; 2) flock status, flock size, and body mass at harvest; and 3) August-March survival. I also compared retention of SSU and HAR following attachment. Distribution, flock status, and flock size at harvest of HAR, SSU, and unmarked (UMK) pintails were similar. However, harvest mass of HAR pintails averaged 133 g (SE=25 g) less than UMK pintails; loss tended to be greatest for heavier HY females in 1993. Daily survival rates during 1993-1994 of HAR vs. SSU pintails were similar for both HY (0.9979 vs. 0.9974) and AHY (0.9988 vs. 0.9986) female pintails. Retention ranged from 30-158 days (x=81 d, SE =5 d) for the 37 SSU that I confirmed as being shed; all other SSU failed 1-month studies due to poor retention past a month.


Nowadays,network technique application is becoming extensive day by day,today,and network transmission is a most economic means for data transmission.With the development of network and embedded system,the integration of embedded system with network has become a focus for research.A design of ethernet interface based on ARM embedded system is realized.This design is simple in structure,easy in implementation,and of good practical value.


the world' and has equivalents in other Semitic languages (p. 105) from the testimony of the Old Testament itself, and if so, where? Also, is Elohim always 'generic' in the Old Testament? Albert de Pury has recently argued that it functions at times as a proper name. The third section of the book, 'Theological Readings in the Elder Testament', takes up several literary phenomena in the Old Testament that have exerted a historic influence on the church's deliberations about the Trinity: 'colloquies [or conversations among divine persons] in the Psalms, divine agency in creation (Genesis, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes)', speech about the Son in Hebrews and Old Testament theophanies (p. 261). Seitz seeks to demonstrate that these historically 'elder' testimonies still carry an 'extensional sense': because of God's self-consistency, they speak in their own integrity to God's triune self. Here the book comes closest to thinking biblical discourse and theology ontology together, including and especially in view of christology, yet the overall effect remains impressionistic. Seitz has written a stimulating and substantial work that advances the project of interpreting scripture canonically. In spite of this service, Elder Testament also shows some critical unclarities: theologically, in relating considerations of literary association with theological reference; and editorially, in its shape and its pitch. Besides answering to multiple, noncontiguous purposes, the prose of Elder Testament is cumbersome, and typographical errors litter its pages.


Inhabitants of the arid climate have led to greater use of groundwater. On this basis because of the importance of water resources, the quantity of groundwater in the plain of Neyshabour during 2002 to 2008 was evaluated. Visual MODFLOW software was helpful in this regard. The results showed that hydrodynamic coefficients are relatively high in plain of Neyshabour. This property can be very effective in the fields of artificial recharge projects. Also due to the high correlation between observed and calculated data from the model calibration, results are acceptable in all observation wells. Studies showed that groundwater in the plain of Neyshabour has dropped highly due to the excessive travel, drop in water levels in different regions according to different feeding and discharging aquifer.The map of stone floor level shows that the context of the postal and the mountain aquifer Neyshabour is high and concave mode. Feeding rate calculated in the Binalood lower elevation are more than other areas due to seasonal flooding into this area are flowing of the highlands. The results showed a continuing trend of regional drainage wells in some areas, so groundwater quality and quantity is reduced


This essay argues that poverty language should be understood on some occasions in Musar leMevin (4QInstruction) metaphorically in relation to angelic beings. Given how fragmentary the document is and enigmatic its language, prudent caution needs to be exercised before concluding firmly on previous interpretive suggestions. Rather than conceive of poverty in Musar leMevin as strictly reflecting a "this-worldly" lacking, and thus Sitz im Leben of the community behind the document; it may describe an aspect of human nature and, therefore, relate to "other-worldly" imagery. Understood is that the addressee lacks wisdom, which he is urged to seek and obtain. Accordingly this deficiency of understanding is a part of human nature and, just as the one addressed is repeatedly urged to seek wisdom, so too is he reminded: "you are poor". Furthermore, Musar leMevin is not "Essene" and one should not presuppose that its so-called social situations reflect on the Qumran community.