The year 1995 was probably the most trying year ever for the Occupational Safety & Health Administration. The new Republican majority in Congress labeled the agency one of the most hated by business and set out to cut OSHA's authority and budget. The Clinton Administration even developed a plan to reinvent OSHA to make it more efficient. The result of. such massive criticism was the lowest level of activity by OSHA since its inception in 1971. Health and safety inspections were down almost one-third from 1994, and assessed fines for infractions of OSHA rules decreased more than 25%. The rate of regulations proposed or finalized by OSHA also slowed a lot as the agency underwent a long period of internal reorganization. It seemed the agency had nearly disappeared. This year will be another challenge, as additional budget cuts and substantial reform legislation are considered in Congress. But by all appearances, OSHA is trying to make ...


Noninvasive techniques such as ultrasound and renal scanning have improved the frequency of detection of renal artery stenosis in patients with arterial hypertension, renal insufficiency, or multivascular disease. The results of conventional balloon angioplasty on nonostial renal artery stenoses caused by fibromuscular dysplasia or atherosclerosis showed a high recurrence rate and a moderate impact on the management of hypertension. In patients with ostial lesions, the results of angioplasty were disappointing with low initial success rates and a high rate of restenosis. Other limitations of balloon angioplasty include initial failure or suboptimal result, occluding dissection, and short- or mid-term restenosis. The immediate procedural results of renal artery stenting are excellent, with a low complication rate and satisfactory restenosis rate. Long-term effects on renal function and blood pressure seem to be good. Systematic stent placement is indicated for ostial stenosis. For nonostial lesions, the indication for stent placement may be reserved for residual stenosis or dissection. The indication for a stent would probably be more liberal in cases of bilateral lesions or lesions in a solitary kidney. Multicenter studies probably will be needed to assess the indications and benefits obtained in different clinical and anatomical situations.


Objective:To observe the effects of Siteng Fang(STF),a Chinese herb formula,on proliferation and apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma Bel-7402 cells in vitro.Method: Human hepatocarcinoma Bel-7402 cells and human normal liver HL-7702 cells were treated with different dose of STF.Cell proliferation was detected with CCK-8(cell counting kit-8,CCK-8) assay;cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.Apoptotic morphology was visualized by hoechst 33258 staining,and activation of caspase-3 was detected by western blot assay.Result: STF showed no obvious cytotoxicity against normal liver HL-7702 cells.Upon treatment with 100-400 mg.L-1 STF for 24 h,proliferation of Bel-7402 cells was significantly inhibited.100-400 mg.L-1 STF also induced apoptosis in Bel-7402 cells.In addition,caspase-3 was activated after 100-400 mg.L-1STF treatment.Conclusion: STF may inhibit cell proliferation,and induce apoptosis in Bel-7402 hepatocarcinoma cells.Activation of caspase-3 may be involved in the process.


FES rowing is a complete whole body exercise that has potential to provide aerobic and muscle training benefits for individuals with SCI. Current FES rowing systems comprise `fixed' stretcher designs whereby the disabled rower moves their seated body mass over a sliding bar while the foot stretcher remains fixed. The present work describes the development of an alternate ergometer design for FES rowing, consisting of a sliding foot stretcher and fixed seat system. The FES rowing system prototype described has potential to provide alternative and new exercise opportunities for individuals with SCL.


Global information infrastructures can offer tremendous opportunities for small and medium enterprises to do global business electronically. But communication networks alone are not sufficient to enable international electronic trade. Parties have to know about each others' "way of doing business" before they can start exchanging data electronically; they have to agree upon the trade procedure they are going to follow.The primary focus of this paper is thus the representation and modeling of electronic trade procedures. We introduce Documentary Petri Nets as the modeling representation, and present a CASE tool, called CASE/Open-EDI, as a graphical modeling and simulation environment for open electronic commerce. A complex example is shown of documentary credit operations. A secondary aspect of the paper addresses the multi-lingual aspects of international trade. CASE/Open-EDI also provides multi-lingual structured documents and multi-lingual text generation. An example scenario (of buying bicycles) is shown which includes English, Russian and Dutch. In the closing discussion we suggest other research issues in support of open electronic commerce among international parties. 1 . TOWARDS OPEN ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Electronic Document Interchange (EDI) can have tremendous benefits for the efficiency of trading both between and within organizations. On the other hand it can also been shown that in many cases long and costly negotiations are necessary between the trading partners before they can exchange their first EDI message. As a result, most successful EDI implementations have been realized in what could be called 'closed trading relationships', i.e. long-lasting trading relationships, involving a high number of transactions, between parties that have a high level of trust and possibly a close coordination of the parties' business processes.However, when the partnership is established for a limited period, covering a few transactions only and on an "at arms' length" basis, EDI linkages are seldom observed since the costs of the necessary negotiations cannot be recovered from the benefits. These shorter-term partnerships could be called 'open trading relationships' (Table 1). The main aim of our research is to contribute to the lowering of the barriers for using EDI in these open trading relationships. Open Closed Level of Trust Low High Number of Transactions Low High Duration of Relationship Short Long Level of Coordination Low High Table 1. Open vs. closed trading relationships. One of the main reasons for the complexity of the negotiation process is the fact that parties have to know about each others' "way of doing business" before they can start exchanging data electronically. Extra knowledge about the preferred way of doing business of one trading partner has to be conveyed to the other; in other words, the parties have to agree upon the trade procedure they are going to follow. We define a trade procedure as the mutually agreed upon set of rules that governs the activities of all parties involved in a set of related business transactions. Thus, a trade procedure controls all interactions among the roles involved. A trade procedure stipulates which actions should be undertaken by which parties, the order in which these actions should be performed and possibly the timing constraints on the performance of these actions. Actions of parties include the sending and/or receiving of goods, documents or funds. 2 MODELING ENVIRONMENT: CASE/OPEN-EDI The CASE/Open-EDI tool provides a direct manipulation graphics interface for designing contracting procedures. In actual commercial operation, this would be used by the contracting network administrators to design libraries of such procedures to guide the interactions of the contracting parties. In contracting, events may occur in a temporal sequence, with branching, reflecting choices in the sequence by the parties, or contingencies imposed by external events. As well, contracting procedures may have concurrent activities, e.g. the processing of payment documents while the goods are being shipped. Because of these requirements, we have chosen a Petri net representation (see e.g. Peterson, 1981) to model these temporal relationships. In its basic form, a Petri net is a directed graph with two kinds of nodes: 'place' nodes, drawn as circles, and 'transition' nodes, drawn as a bar (either vertical or horizontal). The place nodes indicate the potential static states of the system. During the execution of a Petri net, a place node is marked as active by drawing a token in it. typically these are drawn as dots within the circle, though in our model they are shown as a bold outline of the node. Transition nodes represent the potential events of the system. A transition node is enabled when all its input places have tokens. In this case, the transition may 'fire', removing tokens from its input places and depositing new tokens in each of its output places. Branching, or choice in the sequence of activities, is indicated by multiple arcs emanating from a place node. Concurrency, where several activities may occur at the same time, in indicated by multiple arcs emanating from a transition node. In order to capture the semantic details of contracting, we have augmented the Petri net notation in two ways. Most importantly, each transition node is labeled with an 'action' predicate that must (also) be true for the transition to fire. We have also found it necessary to augment the notation for places. Optionally, a place may have a predicate label, indicating the condition that holds when it is active. Also, some places may have the special interpretation as documents (or data stores), in which case we draw them as a rectangle. The resulting extended Petri net has similarities to the predicate/transition nets of Genrich and Lautenbach (1981).This extended Petri net notation is supported by a special graphical interface, illustrated as follows: Figure 1: Interactive Graphical Interface for CASE/Open-EDI The upper left hand area is a tool palette, where the user selects drawing tools. Using a mouse, one selects, for instance, a place node or transition node tools and clicks in the drawing area (on the right) at the desired location. Using the arc tool (bent arrow), one draws the connecting arcs. Using the select (large arrow), eraser (block) or attribute ('#') tools, one may move, delete or modify the attributes on the graph. It should be noted that this is not simply a documentation facility, such as MacDraw. Rather, the graphical structure is understood by the system and may be executed in simulation fashion. 3. A SCENARIO: INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTARY CREDITS Commonly, payments in international sales contracts are executed by a documentary credits procedure, subject to the rules set forth in the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (ICC 1983). Documents play an important role in these transactions in that payment for the goods is made not on the delivery of the goods themselves but on the presentation of stipulated documents. Stipulated documents may include a commercial invoice, an insurance certificate, a certificate of origin, and a transport document (e.g., a bill of lading or an airway bill), among others. The seller receives payment by presenting the stipulated documents to a bank (the advising bank) that the buyer has instructed to make payment. Two attributes make documentary credit procedures in international sales contracts a challenging example problem domain for modeling electronic trade procedures. First, these procedures involve numerous agents (who often must interact in disparate languages). The agents in an international sale using documentary credits may include two or three banks, a forwarder/broker, a liner-agent, a land transport carrier, a customs official, an insurance agent, a stevedore (to load the goods on the ship), a ship's captain, and several others in addition to the buyer and seller. Second, these procedures are mired in bureaucratic complexity and are subject to a host of confusing rules depending on the countries of the exporting/importing parties. At one time as many as 100 forms (i.e., performative communications) were required to ship goods from one country to another and to arrange payment (Bergsten 1985). The task of processing these myriad forms was so cumbersome that the goods commonly travelled faster than the forms, arriving before the documents did (Kindred 1988). The documentary credit procedure is fully governed by the exchange of paper documents among the parties involved. The purpose of these papers is to provide evidence that a party has performed its part of the deal specified in the underlying sales contract. Since the banks involved make profound checks on the documents they are presented by the shipper the buyer can be sure of the shipper's performance of the sales contract. On the other hand, since the banks are obliged to pay upon receipt of correct documents under the documentary credit procedure, the seller can be sure that if he performs according to the sales contract he will always be paid. Using the original sales contract, the buyer enters a contract with a bank in his country, the issuing bank.. This results in a Letter of Credit, in which the buyer specifies which documents the seller has to present to evidence his performance. Of course, this performance should conform to the original sales contract. For instance, if the buyer wants to check whether the seller actually shipped the goods, he usually requires an original Bill of Lading, Waybill or another equivalent document for that purpose. In this example, we assume that the Bill of Lading is the only document required; in practice a commercial invoice, packing list, a certificate of origin and several other documents are usually required. For our discussion on the edification of such documents it suffices to deal with the Bill of Lading since this docum


The Sustainability Series: Creating Visual Language for Sustainability Though Ecological Art is an interdisciplinary calling to define sustainability through visual culture. The artist, informed by environmentalism, asks the following questions: What is sustainability? What does it look like? Why is it so important? How can it be experienced? With contemporary sculpture at the forefront, three tiers of creative work are presented that provide visual, tactile, and edible experiences. Each tier leads into the other as a series of sculptural installations and events: an ongoing aquatic ecosystem in the artist's studio that produces edibles, and in turn is harvested in 'An Eco‐Art Harvest Event: A Simple Salad Social'; a functional ecologically designed hydroponic garden on the wall of a restaurant that the artist teaches the owner how to sustain; and a gallery exhibition of sculptural works in dialogue that question what it is to sustain a mood, a feeling, a living organism, and the notion of self in the urban environment. The series of works provoke ideas about the intersection of art, ecology, eco‐psychology and urban agriculture while encouraging the viewer to make the connection between personal and ecological health.


The right to lease on a deposit basis (Right to Jeonse, hereinafter, the right) has the traits of both the right to use of real property and the substantial right of a security. The person with the right to lease on a deposit basis (hereinafter, the person), thus, is classified as a security right holder. Under the Korean property law, a security right holder has a preferential payment right. The article 303 of the Korean Civil Code states that the preferential payment right of the person, while the article 318 states the right to request for an auction of the person which actualizes the preferential payment right. Various problems emerge on a relation between the right and the right holder's another right to request for an auction. A typical example is how the person who has the right partially (hereinafter, the partial right) can actualize the preferential payment right by way of the right to request for an auction. The Korean Supreme Court has hardly affirmed the right to request for an auction, although the court has affirmed the right itself to the person who has the partial right. The author believes that the court makes wrong decisions. The author's argument is like following: First, the person who has the partial right is also a security right holder because the article 303 gives the person the preferential payment right. Secondly, according to the article 318, the preferential payment right should be actualized by way of the right to request for an auction. Lastly, thus, the court has to affirm the request for the auction to the person who has the partial right. The court, however, has continuously turned down the person's request for an auction by setting a strict standard: The court has said that the building which is the object of the auction must meet quite considerable level of independence. The person who has the partial right hardly meet the standard because the person merely has the right within the limit of a part of the building. In the mean time, the Korean Act on the Ownership and Management of Aggregate Buildings, not the Korean Civil Code, has lightened the standard of the independence. Notwithstanding, the court still keeps the strict standard. The author anticipates a new leading case, because all Acts and Codes in one legal system should be coherent to get a desirable level of legal exactness and stability.


Until the middle of the 20th century, anatomic investigation of pulmonary hypertensive conditions (e.g., pulmonary arterial hypertension [PAH]), using tissue acquired by lung biopsy or at the time of death, was the cornerstone of a pulmonary hypertension diagnosis. In one of his final publications, Dr. Alfred P. Fishman elegantly reviewed the gradual transition of a pulmonary hypertension diagnosis based on postmortem morphology to one based on invasive hemodynamics in a living human (1). As pulmonary vascular hemodynamics gained wide attention in the 20th century, the study (and accessibility) of cardiopulmonary tissue at the time of diagnosis or death diminished significantly. Nonetheless, pathologic descriptions of pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease have continued to evolve over the past 70 years, culminating in our current understanding of the disease as one involving pulmonary vascular remodeling of the arteries, veins, and lymphatics (see Reference 2 for a recent review of the comprehensive advances that have been made in morphologic assessment). Despite this progress, however, comprehensive molecular lung-focused insights into the pathobiology of PAH have been limited by small case numbers and technological challenges. The term "transcriptome" refers to the total number of transcribed RNA products that are expressed from the genes of an organism (3). Many recent "-omics" tools for scientific exploration have shed light on the PAH transcriptome at the lung-tissue level, facilitated unbiased discovery studies, and formed the backbone for many important molecular discoveries. The vast majority of these tools have relied on lung tissue acquired at the time of death or lung transplantation, due to the relative contraindication of a lung biopsy for the care of patients with a known PAH phenotype. Initial unbiased transcriptome studies used whole human genome array technology to study whole-lung homogenate or primary lung cells, with informative results. For example, Geraci and colleagues used this approach to examine six patients with PAH (four with idiopathic PAH [IPAH] and two with heritable PAH), and found significant differences compared with subjects with histologically normal lungs, as well as between the patients with IPAH and heritable PAH (4). In another small lung homogenate study, Rajkumar and colleagues obtained some similar results (e.g., a reduction in bone morphogenetic protein receptor II [BMPR2] expression in patients with IPAH and BMPR2 mutations) and some differences in terms of differential gene expression (5). Laumanns and colleagues subsequently used genome array technology to examine lung tissue from patients with IPAH (n = 6) undergoing lung transplantation compared with control subjects (n = 6). However, they used laser-assisted microdissection to harvest RNA from pulmonary arteries less than 500 mm in diameter, which may provide more specific information about discrete lung microenvironments (6). In addition to some overlap and some differences with prior studies, the authors' novel findings included upregulation of the planar cell polarity pathway (a component of WNT signaling). Additional advances in unbiased studies have been made with array-based and, more recently, RNA sequencing–based approaches to determine RNA expression using isolated primary lung cells (see Reference 7 for a recent review). Unbiased transcriptomic profiling of the lung may be approached in many ways, including assessment of lung homogenate to evaluate a given area of tissue in total, or via microdissection techniques, or through cell-sorting approaches to extract a given primary lung cell type. In this issue of the Journal, Stearman and colleagues (pp. 637–649) advance our knowledge of the lung transcriptome in PAH (8). Using specimens from the Pulmonary Hypertension Breakthrough Initiative (PHBI) study, the authors used the human HuGene1.0-ST microarray platform to study RNA expression in lung-tissue homogenate samples from several patients with PAH subtypes (n = 58) compared with control subjects (failed donor lung tissue, n = 25). Their analyses support previously published data and also provide additional insights into the PAH condition, including some stratification by PAH subtype. For example, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis highlighted several pathways that are now repeatedly implicated in PAH pathogenesis, including immunologic modulation and estrogen signaling. In addition, a dataset analysis with a newer statistical test to assess network-driven activities of biological functions, called Evaluation of Dependency DifferentialitY (EDDY), supported multiple previous findings (e.g., alterations in transforming growth factor b signaling and amino acid metabolism) and implicated new network connections and genes that are potentially relevant to PAH (9). A major strength of this study is the large number of lung samples, which allowed the authors to carry out subtype-specific stratification, which has been challenging to do in PAH. The authors used both established and novel analytic tools, and provide an existing resource for additional analyses by other groups in the future. By adding to our knowledge of the lung ecosystem in PAH, this study both validates many previous findings and provides new clues to PAH pathobiology. Also, the authors' findings highlight the need to look both upstream and downstream of critical genes and specific network interactions. However, multiple caveats should be noted when considering the significance of these data, such as regarding the reliance on lung transplant–derived specimens and the exposure to polypharmacy before transplantation. Studies involving lung tissue are complicated by the fact that lung tissues are typically acquired at


3 Checkbooks containing stubs of checks written by Charles F., Sr., from Commercial National Bank account to various people and institutions in years 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, and includes some cancelled checks


The study aims to identify the level behavioral and emotional disorders in children with hearing disabilities, children with visual disabilities in Jeddah city. The researcher will rely on the descriptive approach and knowledge of the differences between the two measurements in order to suit the nature variables and purpose of variable and purpose of variable and purpose of the research. The sample of the study will consist of (40) children, a group of children with hearing disabilities (20) children and the group of children with visual disabilities (20) children, The behavioral and Emotional disorders measure will be analyzed and the researcher with analyses the results statistically and interpret then in the lights of the literature of the study and then exit the recommendations. Volume 46Issue No .4 – 202


This work demonstrates the usage of two new quartz instruments, which are a tiltmeter and an extensometer that we developed lately to measure with high accuracy deformations of structures, volcanoes, tunnels, and ground surface. The stability of an underground quarry, near Paris in France was the subject of the study. The deformation of the quarry under different cases of loading during the process of constructing a highway that passes over it was analyzed. Tiltmeters were installed on the floor of the quarry and extensometers on the pillars to measure the deformations induced by the load of the fill materials applied over the quarry. The tilt and the compression were measured for different loading periods and for different durations depending on working conditions. Continuous records of measurements were executed during this experiment to show continuously all variations in the quarry deformation. The results of the tilt measurements showed instantaneous deformation associated with loading change. Meanwhile the compression measurement showed late effects after loading. A mathematical model was used to calculate the deformation under the same loading conditions. This was done in order to find positions of maximum tilt and compression in the quarry where the instruments can be installed. The model as well, enabled us to fix the range and sensitivity of the instruments. Finally, we compared between the measured and the theoretical values and we discussed the results.


This collection of works is an extremely detailed and informative account of Jewish scriptural law, practice, history, and tradition with regards to both physical and mental disability. Several authors discuss the literal approach of Jewish law in dealing with disability, while others offer personal accounts of their own experiences through descriptions and case examples. The target audience of the book is the realm of people who interact with individuals with disabilities, as its intended purpose is to discuss and explain how Jewish theology can be a constructive tool in this regard. The authors of these works demonstrate significant knowledge of how Jewish law and customs relate to disability and provide excellent detailed evidence to support these claims. The notes at the end of each chapter provide the reader with many resources to further investigate the topics addressed. One of the articles, by Melinda Jones, truly captures the essence of this book by analyzing how Jewish theology guides the treatment of individuals with disabilities. The editors of the book should be commended for objectively capturing the broad range of opinions, applications, personal accounts, and analysis of the relationship between Jewish theology and disability. This book presents a wide variety of viewpoints. Several authors delve into the scripture and scrutinize the literal texts for discussions of disability, while others simply allude to traditions that have been passed down through the generations. Each author has his or her own way of analyzing how


Title Exploring the role of the Traveller family in supporting Travellers experiencing addiction Author(s) Murphy, Edward Publication date 2014-10 Original citation Murphy, M. (2014) Exploring the role of the Traveller family in supporting Travellers experiencing addiction. Cork: CommunityAcademic Research Links, University College Cork. Type of publication Report Link to publisher's version https://www.ucc.ie/en/scishop/rr/ Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Rights ©2014, Edward Murphy. Item downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10468/8740


n this paper is presented an example of the use of fractal approaches in the field of online handwriting processing. The adaptation of the box counting method to the computation of online handwriting fractal dimension is presented. The influence of different parameters is studied. This allows understanding why the value of the proposed parameter is invariant towards the tablet or the speed or the writing size. The study of the transforms that have been chosen in REMUS software allows seeing that they match quite well the quantitative results obtained with fractal methods. Then, a posteriori, in a theoretical way, this confirms the value of the methods involved.


Dialogue is a multi-discourse, a conversation of two or more people. Plato and Augustine's many works were written in the form of a dialogue. This article is an attempt to answer the questions: why and how did Plato and Augustine use dialogue in pedagogical activity? The author, in the context of the dialogue used by Plato and Augustine, makes a distinction between inner dialogue (conversation) with himself, with the other, with God. In order to achieve the goal, the author first presents Plato and Augustine's figures as educators and their epistemology (the theory of reminiscence and illumination), to ultimately give examples of dialogue used by ancient authors.


Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is based on decision model to measure alternative with shortest distance to positive ideal solution and the farthest distance from negative ideal solution. With growing complexity in decision making, vagueness and uncertainty often exist in human judgement. To manage conflicting criteria, a hierarchy structure in TOPSIS is proposed where the main criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives are arranged in multi-level. To rate each alternatives, the weight of each criterion is evaluated using linguistic value before converted into fuzzy number as a way to measure the experts opinion. In this paper, we demonstrates our general framework for the development of hierarchal fuzzy TOPSIS. We also highlighted our initial finding on the criteria and alternatives in our case study i.e. selection of decomposition technology for food waste management. It is anticipates our work will contributes better decision making in the related area.


The project of modification and optimization Miller–Rabin's simplicity test algorithm implemented by parallel computation in the programming language C# is presented, which works faster on comparison with standard iterative algorithm by 50%, which makes it easier to create the keys for such well–known encryption algorithms as RSA, DSA, etc. These methods are similar on their functionality, but have a different estimation of structural complexity that has been shown various tests. Proceeding from it, modified by authors Miller–Rabin's algorithm realized through parallel calculations is more reliably and faster, than the standard algorithm, that is experimentally confirmed in practice.


Eight stable (Z)-9-styrylacridines, have been photochemically synthesized and their enthalpies of thermal isomerization (ΔHZ→E) determined by means of thermal analysis. The enthalpy values were found to be influenced by both electronic and steric effects. The title compounds were used as models in order to gain insight into the energetic implications involved in the Z→E isomerization process and its applicability to photochemical energy conversion by irradiation in the visible wavelength region.


Summary. It is argued (i) that in psychology, as in other sciences, definitions should be of concepts, rather than of words or things, and (ii) that, although tests of intelligence cannot directly measure innate capacity, nevertheless, by means of statistical methods based on a 'multifactorial' theory, it is possible to estimate the relative contributions of environmental and genetic conditions, respectively.


Although the tax on inheritance and donations have a very remote origin in comparative law, as in the Brazilian law, it is often overlooked by jurists, being treated in just few words by the doctrine and always with more generic and repetitive content. This paper aims to make general considerations about tax on inheritance and donations, analyzing it in detail, bringing its historical context, its regulation by Brazilian law, all aspects of the rule-array of tax incidence and the discussions around this tax.


Numerical experiments on the influences of inlet and outlet flow on lake current was conducted by means of the 3-D hydrodynamic sub-model of EcoTaihu Model on a man-made Lake Zhuhu.It is concluded that the inlet and outlet flow has little influence on the vertical- averaged lake water current when the retention time of water in the lake is longer and it could only change the water current structure in estuary of inlet and outlet.By contraries,it shows great influences on the current and may change the whole lake water current pattern especially when it is big enough and gets to some important value.For example it may induce the wind-driven circumfluences in the lake to disappear when it increases to some critical val- ue.During the process that the circumfluences disappear,it has positive effect on the speed of the water current at the site where wind-driven current is in the same direction as the inlet and outlet driven current,and negative effect on the water current at the site where wind- driven current direction is opposite to that of the inlet and outlet driven current.The water current speeds at the sites become smaller and smaller.It may increase after it becomes 0 cm/s.The inlet and outlet flow will be involved as wind and topography,when the current characters and transportation and diffusion of substance are detected in lake,especially in the lake with short water retention time such as man-made lake.


The objective of the study was to develop and evaluate
sustained release microsphere gel for the drug clotrimazole
to be administered through the vaginal route. The effect of
polymer ethylcellulose and carbopol 934 on entrapment
efficiency and diffusion behavior were investigated
respectively. A 32 full-factorial design was used to optimize
the formulation of Microsphere gel. Microspheres were
characterized by SEM, FTIR, Entrapment efficiency, and
particle size. Gels were evaluated for in-vitro drug release in
simulated vaginal fluid. The microsphere loaded with
clotrimazole in bioadhesive carbopol gel formulation was
evaluated for various physicochemical studies and was
found to be satisfactory. The rheological profile shows the
gel formation at desired condition. It is evaluated for
spreadability, drug content, In-vitro drug diffusion, stability
study, and bioadhesive study. It may be concluded that
spray drying is a suitable method for microsphere
preparation and microsphere gel can be used as a novel
drug delivery system to prolonge release of clotrimazole for
vaginal candidiasis.


In the last two decades, the field of stem cell neuroas the factors influencing the neuronal, astrocytic, and oligodendrocytic commitment. biology has become one of the hottest, most rapid growing arenas in neuroscience. When, as a very young sciThe role of stem cells within the adult rodent brain is the topic addressed by Bonfanti, Vescovi, and colleagues. entist, I entered the field of progenitor biology under the guidance of Professor Pasquale Graziadei at Florida State The presence of stem cells in areas of protracted neurogenesis as well as in nonneurogenic areas raises quesUniversity, thoughts about neuronal turnover and migration of cells were not often the subjects of discussion. tions about "actual" and "potential" stem cells within the central nervous system. Their chapter points to two The existence of "dreaming pools" of immature cells that could serve as replacements for existing neuronal fundamental concerns: evidence of the self-renewal capacity of stem cells in vivo and the incorporation of populations within the brains of either birds or rodents became obvious much later. But beginning in the early stem cells into functional circuits. Understanding of these concerns would definitely help to elucidate the 1990s, knowledge in this field grew like an avalanche. Today, no one doubts the existence of stem/progenitor role of stem cells in the adult brain and their possible participation in repair processes. cells within the brain, and scientists, like enthusiastic prospectors, have turned their attention to the next level, The glial characteristics of adult subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cells were nicely reviewed by Alvarezexploring the properties of these valuable cell sources and developing methods to utilize them in various theraBuylla and his colleague. They discussed the possibility that glial-like stem cells may have characteristics of real peutic treatments. The development of therapeutic treatments, however, requires extensive and thorough knowlSCs at other times in their development, thus proposing a revision to current understanding of the development edge of the properties and characteristics of these cells within their natural brain environment. This book, Stem of neural cell lineages. Through a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, these authors suggest that cells exCells and CNS Development, edited by Mahendra Rao, has appeared exactly at the right time to provide this pressing the antigenic features of astrocytes can also serve as stem cells. Thus, they suggest a reexaminaessential information. Twelve well-known leaders in this field, along with tion of the concept of neuroglia being only nerve glue. Their study shows that the term glia covers fully differtheir collaborators, have been brought together by Dr. Rao to provide the scientific audience the best of what entiated supportive cells as well as others with stem cell properties. is known about different classes of stem cells in the nervous system, their participation in neuroand gliogenTwo groups of neuronal restricted progenitors (NRP) are discussed in a chapter from the laboratories of Rao esis, and their possible therapeutic applications. The first chapter, by Sally Temple, thoroughly covers basic defiand Luskin. While NRPs in embryonic spinal cord are present only prenatally, NRPs derived from SVZ are nitions of terms used in stem cell biology. She explains clearly what is meant by terms such as "potency," "selffound in the postnatal brain. Although they both generate neurons, there are distinctions in their differentiation renewal," symmetric and asymmetric cell division. She clearly discusses the function and importance of the impotential and their ability to respond to extracellular cues. After transplantation, their migration patterns and mediate environment or niche to provide specific molecules that determine the fate of stem cell development. phenotypes differ, suggesting either an intrinsic bias or differential response to common cues. These cells have While the specific mechanisms underlying the maintenance of stem cell fate are still not completely underinfinite therapeutic possibilities because of their extensive migratory abilities and ultimate neuronal fate. stood, John Kessler and his collaborators devoted their chapter to the numerous factors that are known to reguThe next chapter deals with glial-restricted precursors (GRP) and gives an extremely useful list of nomenclalate the proliferation and survival of stem cells as well


Effect of nitrogen on HCN content in cassava plants. In order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen on the levels of HCN, chlorophyll, nitrogen and protein in cassava plants (Manihot esculenta Crantz), two experiments were carried out at the State University of Southwestern Bahia (in Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil). In this field study, six treatments of nitrogen were conducted (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg ha -1 ) on two varieties of cassava (Sergipe and Lisona), using experimental delineation in randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme. Results showed the effect of nitrogen on the level of cyanhydric acid in the leaves, 90 days after sprouting. Variation in HCN was observed in the leaves at 180 days and in the tuber roots at 360 days, during the harvest. Other characteristics studied were not influenced by nitrogen dosages. The behavior of the same varieties of cassava, in nutritive solution with different levels of nitrogen (15, 30, 60, and 120 mmol mL - 1 ), was evaluated for 60 days, in an experiment conducted in a greenhouse, using an entirely randomized delineation and factorial scheme. Effect of nitrogen on the levels of chlorophyll, nitrogen, and protein of the leaves was observed. The levels of HCN were not influenced by the levels of nitrogen studied. Effect of variety was observed on the levels of chlorophyll and HCN of the leaves.


Objective To evaluate the effects of "Prescription Automatic Screening System (PASS)" on adverse drug events (ADEs) and improvement of clinical safety in elderly patients.Methods Elderly in-patients (65 years old) from Gerontology and Gastroenterology Departments,Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical Universtiy from July 2007 to July 2009 were selected randomly.At phase Ⅰ,PASS was not used.At phase Ⅱ,PASS was used for patients from Gerontology Department,but not for patients from Gastroenterology Department.According to Naranjo score sheet,ADEs were determined.The incidence,distribution and severity of ADEs,and hospitalization duration and cost of preventable ADEs were compared between phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱin the two departments.Results (1) The incidence of preventable ADEs and severe preventable ADEs decreased significanfly after PASS intervention (P0.01) in Gerontology Department,but there was no significant difference in Gastroenterology Department (P0.05).(2) The severe events accounted for a maximum of ADEs,which decreased most significantly after PASS intervention.(3) Hospitalization duration and hospitalization costs for preventable ADEs decreased significantly (P0.01) in Gerontology Department after PASS intervention,but there was no significant difference (P0.05) in Gastroenterology Department.Conclusion ADEs are common in elderly in-patients.The more severe the ADEs is,the more possible is it be prevented.For preventable ADEs,PASS intervention can achieve more clinical benefit,including significantly shortening the hospitalization duration,lowering hospital costs,reducing medical risks,reducing morbidity,and improving clinical safety.However,there are still some shortcomings.


This paper probes into the relationship between the public relation education and the employment of university students,analyzes on the reasons why the employment of university students is so difficult from the angle of the public relation,and puts forward some measures for giving full play to the promoting function of the public relation education on the employment of university students.


Decreased respiratory function is associated with a slouched posture in a wheelchair for elderly persons with severe kyphosis. We compared the use of a wheelchair with a pelvic support belt and standard wheelchair use in persons with severe kyphosis. The subjects were 22 healthy individuals. We assessed head, neck, and trunk posture; forced vital capacity (FVC), percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency, VO2, and VCO2. We found that the use of a wheelchair equipped with a pelvic support belt improved head and neck alignment and reduced forward motion in the trunk. No significant differences between the two types of wheelchairs were found in terms of VO2 and VCO2. However, use of a wheelchair with a pelvic support belt was associated with increases in FVC and FEV1. Additionally, use of a wheelchair with a pelvic support belt was associated with greater VT and was larger than that of WC. And the respiratory frequency in those using a wheelchair with a pelvic support belt was smaller than that of WC. The postural changes that resulted from the use of a wheelchair with a pelvic support belt were found to improve respiratory functioning by increasing the tidal volume through enlargement of the thorax and decreases in respiratory frequency. Correspondence to: Hiroshi Goda, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Japan Health Care College, Megumino Nishi -6 chome, 061-1373 Eniwa, Japan, Tel: +081 123-29-3171, Fax: +081 123-37-4525, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Bergenin samples are pretreated by microwave digestion technique.Digestion conditions are optimized according to the characteristics of the samples.A method for determination of Fe and Zn in Bergenin by microwave digestion-flame atomitic absorption spectrometry is established.The method avoids the analyte loss during the pretreatment.The recoveries are in the range of 97.5 %~102 % with RSD(n =10) of 1.5 %~5.1 %.


This investigation was undertaken to study the anti-wormal and anti vermi compositing activities of two wide- spread weeds such as Lantana camera L and Parthenium hysterophorus L.The work highlighted the significance of anti-wormal and anti vermin compositing activities of exotic weeds, which were unknowingly added for preparation of vermi-composit, which in turn reduces the decomposition of litter by death of earthworms. Anti-wormal assay was performed on adult Indian earthworm Pheretima pasthuma. The time taken for paralysis and death of worms was found lesser in case of methanol extract followed by aqueous extract. The results were compared with standard drug Albendazole and confirm that all extracts were potential toxicity on earth worms slightly vary from its concentration and combinations. In all the experiment set the working concentrations is varied from 100µg/µl to 500 µg /µl and all extract shown the lethality on earth worms.


ABSTRACT We assess whether media professionals construct stories in ways that enhance or diminish women's legitimacy as agents of change. Our analysis of 269 broadcast news stories sampled between 1970 and 2012 examines depictions of activists in five social movements—Women's Rights, Gay Rights, Immigrant Rights, Occupy Wall Street, and Tea Party—at the intersection of gender, age, and race. We find that broadcast news coverage diminishes the legitimacy of women and older activists and activists of color by underrepresenting them, presenting opponents' claims at higher rates, and reinforcing dominant cultural narratives about political authority.


The influence of a constant magnetic field on water and solutions of electrolytes is investigated. As a result of effect the constant magnetic field on water watched increase of a volume of ice at 1,4% on matching by water not exposed magnetic processing. Influence positively (Na+, SO42-) is investigated and is negative (K+, Cl-) hydrated ions in solution on a volume of ice. Positively hydrated ions promote, and negatively hydrated do not promote padding increase of a volume of ice. Assumptions are put forward, that observable effects can be connected to change of transmitting movement of molecules of water in a magnetic field and a coordination force field of ions.


The Swedish Board of Fire Research has initiated a pre-study to investigate the possibility to setup a larger research project that would deal with residential fires. Through interviews, literature
studies and an initial statistical study, it is clear that there is a need for an umbrella project that
focuses on residential fires. The major reason for doing this it that the costs of residential fires
are high and that most fire fatalities happen in residential fires. A special effort is needed to be
able to reduce the number of fatal fires and the total number of residential fires. The project
defines two themes as very important. The first theme deals with fire safety for people with
reduced capacity for action in case of fire and the other theme deals with fire safety in the future
living environments.
There is a need for funding from several contributors in addition to the Swedish Fire Research
Board, i.e. from the responsible authorities, other public and private research funders and
industry.
Two different ways to carry out the project are proposed. Either a form analogous with the
special initiative regarding arson fires initiated by the Fire Research Board or through a center of
competence; "BIB - Fires in Housing environment" that would include all major stakeholders
and anchored within the organization of the Fire Research Board.
The direct benefit of this pre-study is the compilation of the current knowledge within the area
and the research presented.


Standardization related to the European Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC (PED) is of considerable importance. European Member States must permit the placing on the market of pressure equipment and assemblies at the date of application of this Directive since 29 May 2002, and permit such equipment and assemblies to be put into service since this date. The economic significance of the pressure equipment sector for the common European market is made clear by the fact, that approximately every tenth subject presently dealt with by the European Standardization Committee (CEN) is directly or indirectly linked to the PED. On a European level, a total of 19 Technical Committees in CEN and 9 Technical Committees in ECISS (European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization) are involved in standardization relating to the Directive 97/23/EC. Three committees are dealing with flanges, gaskets, bolts and valves. On a international level two technical committees standardize flanges and bolts.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


List of Maps and Tables Acknowledgements A Note on Usage Preface Introduction: Many and Varied New Worlds 1. Europe in the Age of Exploration: The Portuguese and Spanish Empires 2. The French and Dutch in North America and the Caribbean Melting Pot 3. The English Colonies in Mainland North America Before 1650 4. The Growth of New England and the Chesapeake: 1650-1700 5. The English Civil War, the Restoration, and the First British Empire in America 6. Transition: Imperial Wars and British Politics 1689-1748 7. The Regions of Colonial America: Northern Society and Politics in the Eighteenth Century 8. The Regions of Colonial America: Society and Politics in the Eighteenth Century Chesapeake and the South 9. Christian America and the Great Awakening 10. The New Empire and the Revolt of the Colonies, 1748-1776 General Reference Bibliography Index


Arlington Public Schools, a relatively small school district with 1,150 elementary teachers, serves an extremely diverse population of I 0,000 elementary students in 22 schools. The overall student population includes 33% Hispanic, 14% African-American, I O°/ci Asian, 42% Caucasian, 25% ESOL, and 37% on free or reduced lunch. More than forty languages and seventy countries are represented. In addition to 22 elementary schools, six middle schools, and four high schools, students attend five alternative or special programs.


Almaty No. 1 Heat and Power Station (BPS) supplies steam for industrial customers and heat and electricity to the residents of Almaty, the capital city of Kazakhstan. Feasibility studies performed by local technical institutes concluded that the aging boilers were soon reaching their end of life. Prior to approval of a loan to Kazakhstan for replacement of two of the boilers, the Asian Development Bank contracted the Tennessee Valley Authority to perform a technical and financial assessment of the power station to determine if continued operation was justified and to recommend a program of boiler equipment rehabilitation and/or replacement to reduce the high level of air pollution in the city. The assessment determined the city had a shortage of 480 Gcal/hr heating supply and a 125 MW deficit in electrical supply. Continued operation of Almaty No. 1 Heat and Power Station (UPS) was justified due to the strategic location of the heat and steam supply, high efficiency of the combined heating and power supply, and the low cost of the investment. The existing plant equipment had exceeded its original design life but the rehabilitation of the existing boilers is not a cost-effective option because of the very stringent emission requirements,more » low-cost and low-quality coal burning, and the derating requirements. Based on stringent air emission criteria, the most technically and economically viable solution is to replace the existing boiler Nos. 7 and 8 with a single circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler with limestone feed and a baghouse or electrostatic precipitator. The CFB boiler would allow Almatyenergo to burn the low-cost, low-quality coal and meet all the emission requirements.« less


In May 2004, the European Union (EU) has experienced the greatest enlargement in its history with the accession of ten new countries from Central and Eastern Europe. Yet Turkey is an associate member of the European Economic Community since 1963 with the Ankara Agreement and a privileged trade partner of the EU since 1995 with the implementation of a customs union, has again seen his candidacy excluded from this enlargement process. The European Council in December 2004 has finally decided to endorse the opening of negotiations with Turkey, which began in October 2005, negotiations that may lead or not to future membership.
I argue that the fact that Turkey has been excluded from the last enlargement because of essentially political and cultural reasons. In this sense, I conduct a macroeconomic comparison between Turkey and the new EU member states and the two acceding countries (Romania and Bulgaria) and try to discover the extent to which Turkey is different from the new member countries regarding the Copenhagen economic criteria.


Asmet smelting furnace boiler as one of the new-type boiler, had very few succeed cleaninginstance at home. There were only three Asmet smelting furnace at home,so there was not muchabundace in cleaning experience. According to the characteristics of this boiler that every part ofconvection bank was serious banlance and the characteristics of uncontrollable,three different wayscould be used.Finally, the cleaning process of this boiler was confirmed successfully.


Objective: Does Casein phospho peptide Amorphous calcium phosphate has any effect on reducing post-operative sensitivity after tooth bleaching? Materials and Methods: Search strategy includes Pubmed Central, COCHRANE, EBSCO, and Medline from January 1998 to May 2018. Randomized control trials and Clinical trials were included based on the data extraction, including quality analysis and publication bias. The data collection form was customized. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently extracted the data from included trial studies and assessed the risk of bias [based on Cochrane risk of bias tool]. Conclusion:This systematic review of the available evidence reveals that CPP ACP and potassium uoride demonstrated good consistent endurance in clinical studies with indistinguishable performance. In the ve trials included, two studies are judged as low risk and three as medium risk of bias. There was no signicant difference between the CPP ACP and potassium uoride at different periods. Discussion:A total of 5 clinical trials included had one group of patients who received CPP ACP application as a desensitizing agent during bleaching met all inclusion criteria involving patients with discolored teeth who required vital bleaching were reviewed. Meta-analysis was performed for three included studies out of ve based on homogeneity. All the studies evaluated the primary outcome measures the postoperative pain using the visual analog scale, and the secondary outcome measures the improvement in the teeth shade after bleaching. Clinical Significance: The various commercial compounds, such as bleaching agents, vary widely in their clinical efcacy. It shows the need for systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials to conrm the desensitizing substances' effectiveness when associated with bleaching.


Gynae‐oncology patients are increasingly older and living with frailty and multimorbidity, resulting in higher rates of perioperative or treatment‐associated adverse outcomes. Collaborative shared decision making (SDM), where healthcare professionals and patients work in partnership to reach a treatment decision, can be used to engage patients in treatment decisions. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), a multidimensional, interdisciplinary process assessing medical, psychological and functional capabilities, can inform individualised management and SDM in older gynae‐oncology patients with complex conditions. Evidence is emerging for the use of CGA to inform individualised management and underpin integrated care pathways and SDM for older people. This methodology is advocated in NHS England's Cancer Strategy through integrated pathways for older cancer patients with geriatrician involvement. Using clinical case studies, this review contextualises the application of SDM through CGA in older patients with gynaecological malignancy.


The article describe how to configure the InfoSphere Federation Server associated with the ORACLE database and distributed query processing in this environment. It presents how to create objects associated with distributed database. It presents how to define data sources and the wrappers used for the mapping of usersconnected to the remote server, the definition of nicknames for a remote data source object, the associated tables and stored procedures remotely.


Ionophores suitable for ion-selective electrodes may be used in a variety of optode systems as well. Such optodes that ideally measure products or ratios of ion activities may be used in main frame clinical analyzers for an assay of ion concentrations after dilution of the specimen with an adequate pH buffer. Such optodes have been described for assays of Cl - , Na + , K + and total Ca 2+


Rough-textured pavements are constructed to improve the roadside environment and driving safety. In addition, many are constructed in snowy cold regions as a measure against road icing. The authors have conducted research to elucidate the effectiveness of rough-textured pavement alone and the effectiveness of such pavement in combination with salting in terms of mitigating slipperiness. Research results to date have mainly been obtained through laboratory tests; thus, experiments on roads in service or under similar circumstances are needed. Further, large amounts of data should be accumulated, such as traffic conditions, weather conditions and pavement conditions. In this study, outdoor tests at the Tomakomai Winter Test Track and a skid resistance monitoring survey on a section of National Highway 230 near the urbanized area of Sapporo were done. The results were examined in terms of the effectiveness of rough-textured pavement in mitigating road icing, considering the effectiveness of anti-freezing agent application and the impact of road weather conditions. 粗面系舗装は,沿道環境改善や走行安全性の向上を目的として一般的に施工されているが,積雪寒冷地では凍結路面対策を目的とした施工も多い.筆者らは,凍結路面対策としての粗面系舗装の効果や凍結防止剤と複合させた効果について,主に室内試験から検証してきた.しかし,これらの研究の課題として,実道もしくはそれに近い環境下での検討事例が十分ではないことがある.交通条件や道路気象条件などの環境条件,舗装の性状などが多様な屋外や実道は,多くのデータを蓄積する必要がある.本研究は,苫小牧寒地試験道路において屋外試験と,札幌近郊の一般国道230号において冬期路面すべり抵抗モニタリング調査を行った.それぞれの結果から,凍結防止剤散布効果や道路気象条件の影響を考慮して,粗面系舗装の凍結路面対策としての効果を検証した.


SUBTITLE: LINKS MUDALY, DEPUTY MANAGER: DANGEROUS GOODS INSPECTORATE AT SOUTH AFRICA'S NATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT OUTLINES THE NEW LEGISLATION WITH REGARD TO HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS.


Two-dimensional viscous blunt body flows with an impinging shock have been computed using a time-dependent finite-difference method which solves the complete set of Navier-Stokes equations for a compressible flow. For low Reynolds number flows, the entire flow field, including the bow shock and impinging shock, has been captured in the computation. For higher Reynolds number flows, the bow shock is treated as a discontinuity across which the Rankine-Hugoniot equations are applied, while the boundary layer and interaction regions are captured as before. Using this latter shock-fitting approach, a Type III shock interaction flow field has been computed with flow conditions corresponding to the space shuttle orbiter freestream conditions at 61 km (200,000 ft).


This paper complements previous studies on the effects of health on wages by addressing the problems of unobserved heterogeneity, sample selection, and endogeneity in one comprehensive framework. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) we find the health variable to suffer from measurement error and a number of tests provide evidence that selection corrections are necessary. Good health leads to higher wages for men, while there appears to be no significant effect for women. Contingent on the method of estimation, healthy males are estimated to earn between 1.3% and 7.8% more than those in poor health.


Objective: To address whether two therapies used for Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) might differentially impact the gut microbiota composition and DNA methylation profiles of CD4+T cells. Background: The importance of environmental factors in MS pathogenesis is well established, though much remains to be learned to discern the identity of the significant environmental components as well as the mechanisms by which environment impacts disease onset and course. The gut microbiome, the composition of which is highly regulated by various environmental factors, has recently been suggested to play an important role. In addition, current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action of MS therapies remains incomplete. One potential link is the modulation of biological processes by epigenetic regulation of gene expression. We hypothesize that the composition of the gut microbiota that differ among patients might exert reciprocal interactions with disease-modifying therapies, leading to differential modulation of immune responses. Design/Methods: We collected blood and stool samples from carefully phenotyped RRMS patients who were either untreated or treated with GA or DMF for at least 3 months. Blood samples were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. DNA methylation of sorted CD4+ T cells was evaluated by the Infinium MethylationEpic 850K arrays. Fecal microbiome was assessed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results: Treatment with DMF resulted in more extensive epigenome-wide methlylation changes in CD4+ T cells than treatment with GA. Both agents were associated with changes in fecal microbiota as compared to untreated MS patients. The effects of DMF were more pronounced. Some of these paralleled changes noted in other studies while others were different. Conclusions: We suggest that microbial changes induced by MS treatments may modulate T cell function and may therefore potentially contribute to therapeutic response. Study Supported by: The National Multiple Sclerosis Society, The United States Department of Defense Disclosure: Dr. Katz Sand has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zhu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cekanaviciute has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cree has received personal compensation for activities with AbbVie, Biogen, EMD Serono, Novartis and Shire as a consultant. Dr. Mazmanian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Disla has nothing to disclose. Dr. Debelius has nothing to disclose. Dr. Knight has nothing to disclose. Dr. Watson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kanner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Baranzini has received personal compensation for activities with EMD Serono, and Novartis. Dr. Casaccia has nothing to disclose.


The recognition of vehicles' license plates is related to multi subjects and domains, such as digital image process, computer vision, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence etc.. The procedure is from vehicle trigger, shooting images, license detection, license location, character section to software recognition. As an important part of modem intelligent traffic, the recognition of vehicles' license plates has been one of scientific research subjects concerned by traffic manage department at all levels. It gives un-substitute scope to public security, such as traffic management, pavement public security, tailing suspicious vehicles.


ABSTRACT Background: Green tea catechins (GTCs) with or without caffeine have been studied in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for their effect on anthropometric measures and have yielded conflicting results. Objective: The objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs of GTCs on anthropometric variables, including body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Design: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database was conducted through April 2009. RCTs that evaluated GTCs with or without caffeine and that reported BMI, body weight, WC, or WHR were included. The weighted mean difference of change from baseline (with 95% CIs) was calculated by using a random-effects model. Results: Fifteen studies (n 1⁄4 1243 patients) met the inclusion criteria. On meta-analysis, GTCs with caffeine decreased BMI (20.55; 95% CI: 20.65, 20.40), body weight (21.38 kg; 95% CI: 21.70, 21.06), and WC (21.93 cm; 95% CI: 22.82, 21.04) but not WHR compared with caffeine alone. GTC ingestion with caffeine also significantly decreased body weight (20.44 kg; 95% CI: 20.72, 20.15) when compared with a caffeine-free control. Studies that evaluated GTCs without concomitant caffeine administration did not show benefits on any of the assessed anthropometric endpoints. Conclusions: The administration of GTCs with caffeine is associated with statistically significant reductions in BMI, body weight, and WC; however, the clinical significance of these reductions is modest at best. Current data do not suggest that GTCs alone positively alter anthropometric measurements. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:73–81.


PURPOSE:To obtain a jig for smoothly connecting plastic pipes through a coupling by integrally installing a clamping part for holding the pipe, engagement part for engaging the pipe axis part, and an opening/closing mechanism which sets the above-described parts in opposed state and connects both in extension/ contractible manner. CONSTITUTION:When a pipe 1 is assembled into a socket 3, a fork type engaging member 21 is fitted into the socket 2, and a cap 7 is brought into contact with the insides of side pieces 21a and 21b. Further, in the state where the top edge of the pipe 1 is set close to the opened port of the socket 2, the pipe 1 is held by the holding parts 13 and 14 of a vice grip, by holding the grips 12 and 16 of a jig in the state where a parallel shift mechanism is in a spread state. Then, the parallel shift pieces 23 and 24 are approached each other against a compression spring by operating the handle parts 26a and 27a of the frame bodies 26 and 27 so as to be nipped by both hands, and a vice grip 11 and the fork type engaging member 21 which are integral with the parallel shift pieces 23 and 24 are contraction-closed, and the pipe 1 is inserted into the socket 2.


Unique opportunities exist on small campuses for all professionals to interact without boundaries. The traditional boundaries of classroom learning and student life cease to exist; student life professionals often function as teachers, and academic affairs professionals are encouraged to support students outside the classroom. This partnership creates many student-focused learning situations that blur the lines between student affairs and academic affairs.


This article provides an overview of the representation of workhouse philanthropy in the nineteenth-century periodical. In the 1830s and 40s, the popular representation of the workhouse was of a cruel institution in which paupers were systematically beaten and starved. However, the ideological significance of the workhouse shifts in the depictions of privately funded philanthropy that proliferated in magazines and newspapers during the Christmas publishing season. In representations of the workhouse at Christmas, paupers are shown receiving gifts and enjoying entertainments against a festively decorated backdrop. Middle-class benevolence is at the heart of these Christmas performances: these treats are not funded by the poor rates, but by individuals, who are frequently depicted in attendance at the workhouse Christmas. The institution, now redolent with ideas of care, charity and goodwill, functions in these texts as a stage for the projection of a bourgeois philanthropic self; the reader, the audience of this ideological performance, is encouraged to self-identify with the middle-class values that overlay these workhouse scenes. Entwined with these depictions of private philanthropy are underlying ideas of discipline and control. Just as the middle-class guests enact an idealized identity, so too do the paupers enact the role of the indebted and grateful poor. This article examines how the nineteenth-century periodical constructs the workhouse as a performance space for the middle classes; it explores the various agendas of these constructions and analyses the ideological messages they convey.


To overcome the sensitivity and specificity issues, current confirmatory foodborne pathogen detection methods generally require an initial, time-consuming growth step in culture media, followed by isolation on solid media, biochemical identification, and molecular or serological conformation. Rapid-detection-based technologies can reduce the time and labor involved in screening food products for the presence of pathogens. Many of the rapid tests can be completed within 24 h, with high throughput, thereby reducing the labor involved in the testing process. These assays can be broadly grouped into three categories including immunologically based methods, nucleic acid-based assays, and biosensors. This review focuses on methods to isolate and detect pathogens in food samples. The presence of pathogens in air and the transmission of infections in air is an intriguing phenomenon, which, although subject to a never-ending debate, incidentally plays prominent epidemiological roles in husbandry and transmission of zoonotic microorganisms from the primary sources of infection, i.e., animals. The detection of microorganisms in air traditionally has been accomplished by sampling of airborne particles with subsequent analysis of the samples by a vast variety of detection methods. Principles of air sampling include solid and liquid impaction, filter-based samplers, and electrostatic absorption.


The main place in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice belongs to radiation research methods. Their choice is determined by the nature of the disease, efficacy, safety and cost of the study. The article describes the computer-tomographic symptoms of malignant and benign diseases of the hepatopancreatoduodenal region. To study the possibilities of multispiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of diseases, the results of examination of 62 patients with manifestations of mechanical jaundice syndrome were analyzed on the basis of the surgical Department of the Irkutsk city clinical hospital N 1. The mean age of the examined patients was 56 ± 4.5 years. In the ratio of 2:1.4 women dominated. Biliary obstruction of benign genesis prevailed, which was found in 44 (61.1 %) patients, among which the most common cause was: choledocholithiasis (34 (54.8 %) patients), choledoch strictures (9 (12.5 %) patients) periampular diverticula (2 (1.9 %) patients). The reason for the obstruction of malignant genesis (18 (38.9 %) patients) were: adenocarcinomas of the head of the pancreas (11 (29.0 %) patients), bile duct tumor (5 (8.0 %) patients), volume formations of the duodenum (2 (3.2 %) patients). Key words: obstructiv e jaundice, computer tomography, bi l iary hypertension, cancer of the pancreas, choledocholithiasis For citation: Malakhanov V.A., Seliverstov P.V., Shevchenko Yu.V. Possibilities of multispiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of occlusive diseases of the biliary tract. Acta biomedica scientifica, 2018, 3 (6), 126-129, DOI 10.29413/ABS.2018-3.6.18.


Structure from Motion with Multi-View Stereo photogrammetry (SfM) is increasingly utilised in geoscience investigations as a cost-effective method of acquiring high resolution (submeter) topographic data, but has not been thoroughly tested in gullied savanna systems. The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of topographic models derived from aerial (via an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, 'UAV') and ground-based (via a handheld digital camera, 'Ground') SfM in modelling a hillslope gully system in dry-tropical savanna, and to assess the strengths and limitations of the approach at different scales. A UAV survey covered an entire hillslope gully system (0.715 km2), whereas a Ground survey covered a single gully within the broader system (650 m2). SfM topographic models, including Digital Surface Models (DSM) and dense point clouds, were compared against RTK-GPS point data and a pre-existing airborne LiDAR Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Results indicate UAV SfM can deliver topographic models with a resolution and accuracy suitable to define gully systems at a hillslope scale (e.g., 0.1 m resolution with ~ 0.5 – 1.3 m elevation error), while ground-based SfM is more capable of quantifying gully morphology (e.g., 0.01 m resolution with ~ 0.1 m elevation error). Key strengths of SfM for these applications include: the production of high resolution 3D topographic models and ortho-photo mosaics, low survey instrument costs (< $AUD 3,000); and rapid survey time (4 and 2 hours for UAV and Ground survey respectively). Current limitations of SfM include: difficulties in reconstructing vegetated surfaces; uncertainty as to optimal survey and processing designs; and high computational demands. Overall, this study has demonstrated great potential for SfM to be used as a cost-effective tool to aid in the mapping, modelling and management of hillslope gully systems at different scales, in tropical savanna landscapes and elsewhere.;


Wheelersburg, Ohio, May 12, 1902. To the Editor: —The proposed organization of a national medical examining board as outlined byThe Journal, January 11, page 108, and advocated in the last number by Dr. W. L. Rodman, Philadelphia, is a move in the right direction, and to my mind offers the best practical plan yet suggested for overcoming the abuses which the best elements of the profession would gladly see abolished. With regard to the compensation of the proposed board, about which there seem to be divergent views, I wish to inquire why it might not be feasible to obtain recognition from the trustees of the great Carnegie Institution whose objects, in addition to the promotion of research, are declared to be "to encourage the application of knowledge to the improvement of mankind; to conduct, endow and assist investigation in any department of scientific literature or art, and to this


nanosize TiO2/SiO2 thin films were deposited by sol-gel dip-coating method on enamel substrates. Crystal structure, micro-structure, hydrophilic property, gloss property was investigated by X-ray diffract meter, scanning electron microscope, CCD camera, enamel gloss meter. The results show that the hydrophilic property of the enamel was greatly increased by heating the enamel with coating TiO2/SiO2 film; the gloss property of the enamel surface greatly increased after the enamel coated with TiO2/SiO2 film. The main crystals in TiO2/SiO2 film on the enamel were anatase when the baking temperature was below the 700°C.


The purpose of the article is to investigate the elements of organizationally methodical support of internal audit from main activityincome. As a result of research the system of criteria of functioning of the system of internal audit was offered, that will enable to apply key requirements to effective activity and to strengthen authenticity of account and transparency of information of subject of enterprise. The prospects for further research in this direction is to develop an effective system of internal audit from main activity income and strengthening of competitiveness of enterprise in the conditions of economic crisis


Some transformations of the hexahydro-4a-hydroxy-4,9a-ethano-1H-fluoren-11 -ones (4a) and (4b), derived via acid-catalysed alkylation-rearrangement reactions, are described. While hydrogenolysis of the demethoxyhydroxycycIopentanone (4a) with lithium–ammonia proceeds with retention of configuration to give the respective bridged-ketone (6a) exclusively, the corresponding methoxy analogue (4b) on the other hand gave the respective hydrogenolysed product (6b) in a very low yield, which however, was obtained along with its C-4a epimer (5b) by catalytic hydrogenolysis in the presence of perchloric acid. Formylation–oxidation of (6a) or the alkoxy ketones (14) and (15) gave the β,γ- unsaturated acid (8a); the methoxy analogue (6b) under similar conditions gave the respective acid (8b), arising through novel fragmentation reactions. Under certain conditions, (6a) gave the cis-dicarboxylic acid (10a) along with (8a). The hydroxy ketones (4a) and (4b) underwent fragmentations with ethyl formate and sodium hydride or with perchloric acid in ethanol to give the angularly functionalised esters (18a) and (18b).


A device for the generation of monodisperse aerosols through condensation nuclei control has been designed and tested in the present study. A continuous flow, evaporation-condensation aerosol generator has been designed to produce monodisperse aerosols of low vapor pressure organic liquids, such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP), at flow rates over 2.5 lpm. Nebulised NaCl particles are passed through the particle number controller to reduce the number concentration close to 10/cc to suppress homogeneous condensation. The condensation nuclei with nitrogen as a carrier gas are passed through a bubbler containing DOP, producing a nuclei–vapor mixture. The mixture is condensed producing the aerosols of narrow size distribution. A heater section previous to the condenser section provides complete evaporation across the tube diameter, while the condenser walls in free convection create a low temperature gradient, both of which enhance aerosol monodispersity. The results show that controlling the nuclei number concentration as well as vapor source can produce aerosols with sufficient monodispersity.


This paper proposes a new approach to the problem of the "optimal" control assets on an incomplete market. The approach develops the known mean-variance hedging method of Folmer, Sonderman, and Schweizer. Some technical assumptions on the approximating sequence such as the nondegeneracy condition and its elements belonging to the space $\cL_2$ are excluded. We give examples and an interpretation of obtained results which connect them with such key financial-market notions as completeness and arbitrage.


On behalf of the Editorial Board, we are pleased to present a selection of papers related to the 10th International Symposium on Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF 2016) held in Lyon, France, on April 12 to 14, 2016. The EMF Symposium series, whose first edition was held in Liège, Belgium, in 1992, aims at building a bridge between recent research advances in mathematical and numerical modelling of electromagnetic fields and the growing number of industrial problems requiring such techniques. The 10th edition was organized by the Ampère Laboratory (CNRS and Ecole Centrale de Lyon) and attracted 122 participants from 15 countries. Among the 120 presentations in the Symposium program, 24 papers were selected for publication in this special issue of the International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields. The high scientific and technical quality of the Symposium is well reflected in the quality of the manuscripts contained in this special issue. Four broad topics were covered during this 10th edition of the symposium. The first major topic considers the mathematical modelling of electromagnetic problems in view of their eventual numerical solution on computers, with contributions on the modelling of electromagnetic forces,1 high-temperature superconductors,2 eddy current problems,3,4 and high-frequency Maxwell/transport phenomena.5 The second major topic treats the numerical modelling of the electromagnetic behavior of electric and magnetic materials, with contributions on the modelling of magnetoelectric multilayer laminate composites,6 the magneto-elastic behavior of steel sheets,7 the effect of mechanical stresses on Graphene-based devices,8 and the effect of temperature on static magnetic hysteresis.9 The third major topic concerns fast solvers for electromagnetic applications with contributions on ultra weak variational formulations10 and the behavior of natural and finite element interpolation functions,11 domain decomposition methods for finite volume, finite element and boundary element schemes,12-14 explicit time integration of eddy current problems,15 and the GPU acceleration of Maxwell solvers for differents applications.16,17 The fourth major topic concerns the application of electromagnetic modelling, uncertainty quantification and model order reduction techniques to novel or challenging applications, with contributions to electrothermal field problems,18 electric machine modelling,19-21 lightning-produced electromagnetic fields,22 electronic circuits,23 and electrical capacitance tomography sensors.24 We wish to dedicate this special issue to our friend and colleague Patrick Dular, who passed away prematurely on September 6, 2017. Patrick co-organized six editions of the EMF symposium between 1996 and 2009 and was an active member of the EMF scientific committee. We will miss him dearly. We express our gratitude to the other members of the EMF scientific committee—P. Alotto, J.P.A. Bastos, O. Biro, M. Clemens, W.A. Cronje, A. Demenko, L. Dupré, J. Gyselinck, K. Hameyer, L. Kettunen, A. Kost, V. Mazauric, J. Melkebeek, G. Meunier, A. Nicolet, F. Piriou, A. Razek, M. Repetto, G. Rubinacci, R. Sabariego, J.K. Sykulski, M. Trlep, and T. Weiland—as well as to all the reviewers, who provided the necessary volunteer time and expertise to conduct a fair and detailed review, ensuring high publication standards for the selected manuscripts. We also want to thank the staff from the Association des ingénieurs de Montefiore (AIM) for their help in organizing the EMF symposium series: the next edition will be held in Darmstadt, Germany, in April 2018. We hope you will enjoy reading this selection of articles.


At the NTEU Bargaining Forum, delegates from every university made a serious commitment to reducing the unacceptably high levels of casualisation of teaching across Australian universities. Following vigorous debate and amendments to the draft proposal, it was agreed to seek the creation of 2000 new continuing entry level academic jobs during this round of enterprise bargaining.


Relative to non-tannin-containing fresh forages, condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus increased duodenal N flow and calculated absorption of amino acids from the small intestine, but depressed ruminal digestion of soluble carbohydrate and hemicellulose. Plasma growth hormone concentration was positively and linearly related to forage condensed tannin concentration. Key words: Condensed tannin, nitrogen digestion, growth hormone


Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been known to be involved in the various physiological metabolim and has been attracting topic. However, there are extensive differences in the reports about the localization of iNOS expression. To resolve this discrepancy, we compared immunohistochemical data from four iNOS antibody produced by different company (Chemicon, CH; Sigma, SI; Transduction Laboratories, TL; Upstate, UP), and NADPHdiaphorase (NADPH-d) enzyme-histochemical results using lightand transmission electorn-microscope in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rat kidney. Electron microscopical examination revealed two different distribution of the NADPH-d reaction product. In the majority of NADPH-d reaction-positive cells, reaction depositions were restricted to the mitochondia, and in the cells of macula densa, descending thin limb (DTL), capsular epithelium (CE) and interstitial wandering cells (WC), NADPH-d positivities were found in the cytoplasm. In immunohistochemical results from LPStreated animal, DTL, CE and WC were positively stained with TL and UP antibodies but with CH and SI antibodies. We conclude that NADPH-d histochemistry may be usefull for identifing the iNOS-positive cells morphologically.


G ERALD GRAFF'S essay raises the twin issues of resistance and independence, which he sees as points of stress and contradiction in my account of interpretive communities. His account of that account, however, seems to me to be mistaken in several important respects, and especially in the implications he attaches to some of my programmatic statements. According to Graff, if I say that texts do not constrain interpretation but are themselves the products of interpretive activity, then I must also be saying (1) that "no text can invite its readers to interpret it in some way rather than others" and (2) that "no text can ever resist a determined reader" (p. 110). In fact I would not say either of these things, and I would not say them because they are informed by the very assumptions I am challenging. The question of whether or not a text invites a particular interpretation (or range of interpretations) only becomes urgent within the assumption that at some level the text exists prior to interpretation; but if one rejects that assumption, as I do, then the question becomes at once unaskable and trivial. It is (strictly speaking) unaskable because the specification of what the text is will vary with interpreters; that is, while everyone will see it as a particular text and therefore as one that invites a particular interpretation, everyone's particular text will not be the same. And that is why the question becomes empty: answering it either in the affirmative or the negative will not prove anything about the priority or independence of the text because the text in relation to which one answers will be neither prior nor independent. Consider an example: It has for some time been a point in dispute among Miltonists whether or not Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes should be read as manifestations of the same concerns and


Foreword J.Thumim - Acknowledgements - Introduction - PART 1: SOCIETY/CULTURE/HISTORY: FAMILIES IN THE EIGHTIES - Britain in the Eighties - Hollywood Cinema in the Eighties - Family Representations: The Family in Crisis - PART 2: FILM FAMILIES: FAMILY FILMS - Family Fortunes: Key Representational Paradigms - Backlash Patriarch or New Man? The Role of the Father - Absence and Loss: The Evacuation of the Mother - Look Who's Talking: Challenging Children and Parental Inversions - Family Dramas: The Family in E.T. - The Extra-Terrestrial - Conclusions and Futures: Stasis and Change - Appendices - Family Paradigms - Synopses of Selected Top Box Office Hollywood Films: 1980-90 - Selection of Texts - Filmography - Bibliography - Index


15). Now if Dale Kent and I are right, in the following century districts had a corporate life of their own, providing the intimate context for popular, as well as oligarchic, impulses; in the gonfaloni the electoral process began, and many taxes were assessed. Is it possible they were more important in fourteenth-century politics than we have believed, or at least came to be so as the guilds lost influence in the way Najemy expertly describes? If further research confirmed this suggestion, Najemy's conclusion that by about 1400 the rank and file lacked "alternative institutional bases through which pressure and influence could be exerted" (p. 299) might seem in part to stem from his intense concentration upon the guilds at the expense of other social and constitutional institutions. I suspect, from reading their letters and their diaries, that many ordinary Florentine citizens of Goro Dati's generation and afterwards were more sprightly and cunning men—possessed still of a number of ways of influencing the elite—than Najemy in his concluding portrait of them as "faithful creatures of the regime," passively "dependent on an electoral process that was beyond their power to influence or even comprehend" (pp. 299, 400), will allow. But one is only able to make such (very tentative) suggestions because John Najemy has so boldly and skillfully illuminated a whole vital chapter in Florentine and Italian communal history. MONASH UNIVERSITY F.W.Kent


Low-cost, high-performance integration technologies are instrumental for active–passive integrated photonics devices. The monolithic integration of Al2O3 and Si3N4 is studied, enabling to combine the promising optical features of Si3N4 with the excellent optical gain characteristics of rare-earth-ion doped Al2O3. The Al2O3 and Si3N4 layers are separated by a thin SiO2 film and coupled by adiabatically width-tapered Al2O3 and thickness-tapered Si3N4 waveguides. In this paper, a detailed characterization of the couplers, as well as a study of the influence of the different design parameters and fabrication tolerances on the final device performance is presented. Test structures are characterized under transverse electric (TE) polarization. Measured loss per coupler is as low as 0.26 ± 0.03 dB at the wavelength of 1030 nm, and below 0.24 dB in the spectral window of 1460–1635 nm. Lateral misalignment of ±1 <italic>μ</italic>m results in less than 0.6 dB increase of the coupler loss at 1030 nm, and the tolerance of misalignment goes up to 1.7 <italic>μ</italic>m at the investigated longest wavelength of 1635 nm without introducing extra coupler losses. The reported integration technology paves the way toward a double-layer platform monolithically integrating Si3N4 and rare-earth-ion doped Al2O3 for active–passive photonic functionalities.


This study proposes an approach for determining appropriate sample size for Welch's F test when unequal variances are expected. Given a certain maximum deviation in population means and using the quantile of F and t distributions, there is no need to specify a noncentrality parameter and it is easy to estimate the approximate sample size needed for heterogeneous one-way ANOVA. The theoretical results are validated by a comparison to the results from a Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation results for the empirical power indicate that the sample size needed by the proposed formulas can almost always achieve the desired power level when Welch's F test is applied to data that are conditionally nonnormal and heterogeneous. Two illustrative examples of the use of the proposed procedure are given to calculate balanced and optimal sample sizes, respectively. Moreover, three sample size tables for two-, four-, and six-group problems are provided, respectively, for practitioners.


The overuse of synthetic non-biodegradable plastic packaging in the last decades turned into a serious global environmental problem, once recycling and energy recovery are not perfect solutions. To overcome this problem, efforts have been done by researchers around the world to use biodegradable biopolymers from renewable resources as food packaging materials. In this thesis, FucoPol, a microbial exopolysaccharide has been studied as a sustainable alternative and the following questions were raised: • Is it possible to produce films of FucoPol and which properties should be improved? • Which strategies may be applied to improve their behaviour, specially their barrier properties to gases and water vapour? • Is it possible to use FucoPol films as an alternative to synthetic plastics aiming their use as packaging material? This study shows that, FucoPol films offer good barrier properties to gases and biodegradability. Their weaker properties, low barrier properties to water, have been improved along the work, using two distinct strategies: formulation of bilayer films of FucoPol and chitosan and use of different coatings techniques in FucoPol films. The results have shown that, it is possible to improve FucoPol films properties, namely the barrier properties to gases and water vapour, and resistance to liquid water. FucoPol combined with chitosan as a bilayer film was used for walnuts packaging and it was possible to verify that it can protect food susceptible to lipid oxidation as effectively as synthetic materials.


This paper reviews the modeling of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controllers in power flow and optimal power flow calculations. The review covers not only single converter FACTS controllers such as static synchronous shunt compensator (STATCOM), static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), but also multi-converter FACTS controllers such as unified power flow controller (UPFC), interline power flow controller (IPFC), generalized unified power flow controller (GUPFC) and voltage source converter based HVDC (VSC HVDC). The review also discusses both single-phase and three-phase modeling of FACTS. Handling of practical constraints of multi-converter FACTS is in particular presented.


Exhibiting opulence in its details, lace inserts evoke romance on pleated-front shirts overlaid with cashmere for the day. Flared pleated cuffs on poplin shirts add interest peeking out from jacket sleeves, while black velvet ribbons defining empire cut blouses pair perfectly with pencil skirts for work. For evening, ruffled jabots present a new take on the formal white shirt; split flap-front shirts work with high - waisted palazzo pants; diamante accents add a special touch of glamour for the night; and the shirt is reworked into an exquisite sateen halter gown. 2) Military Military Epaulettes, cuffed sleeves, back and front yoke, cut and sew details and patch pockets define the military look of the season. The shirtdress - a RAOUL essential - also takes on military undertones for Fall with a belted waist to accentuate the sensuality of the woman's form. The silhouette remains feminine with front and rear darts keeping the outline sleek and sexy. The colour statement revolves around brown, black, orange, sage, khaki, and gold.


Traditionally, phonetic alphabets have been devised by linguists to represent sounds of spoken languages. Today, when learning a new language, two widely used phonetic systems are the IPA system and the pinyin system. The IPA system defines tones as nothing more than suprasegmental element of speech. It differentiates between tonal and non-tonal languages. It places emphasis on stress, and marginalizes the existence of tones. For the pinyin system, tones are a basic element of sound. While we appreciate the differences in approach between these two systems, we notice there has been very little commonality in either system in order to pave the way for a constructive comparison. We are of the opinion that there is a theory, referred to as the Theory of the Six Tones (known also as the Theory of the Hexatave), which defines the common rules of human sound, and can simplify the process of learning how to pronounce words in a new language.


The main topic of this thesis are flux compactifications. Firstly, we study dimensional reductions of type II and eleven-dimensional supergravities using exceptional generalised geometry. We start by presenting the needed mathematical tools, focusing on G-structures and their extension to generalised geometry. Then, we move our focus on compactifications. In particular, we mainly focus on type IIA, building the version of exceptional generalised geometry adapted to such supergravity and finding the right deformations of generalised Lie derivative to accomodate the Romans mass. We describe the generalised Scherk-Schwarz method to find consistent truncation ansatze preserving the maximal amount of supersymmetry. As further point, we study generalised calibrations on AdS backgrounds in type IIB and M-theory.


The paper deals with the problems of the regional factor in the multi-ethnic educational space of Russia, the features of the formation and development of education and enlightenment in the Far North, as well as in Siberia and the Far East. The special attention focuses on the stages through which the government's policy regarding languages of the peoples of the North went through in Russia (the period of active support and development of these languages in the early 1920s – mid 1930s, the assimilation period covering the mid 1950s – mid 1980s, and a return to support policies since the late 1980s). The regional component in the cultural and educational space of the country is being actualized: national languages are positioned as a value dominant of education, their preservation is seen as one of the key tasks of the country's state policy. The role of the language of an ethnos in the multicomponent structure of an ethnoculture is emphasized – the most important feature of a particular region. The activity of the cultural organs of the Russian Federation aimed at preserving, developing and using the cultural heritage of the indigenous peoples of the North is analyzed. The role of educational and scientific institutions of St. Petersburg in the study and promotion of northern languages, in the preservation of linguo-regional traditions of the vast cultural and geographical space of the country is shown.


The U.S. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory (NCEL) has been developing the concept of a Deployable Waterfront Facility (DWF) as part of its technology development programs for the enhancement of naval amphibious operations and equipment. The DWF concept has now reached the stage where the next logical step is to carry out a full-scale demonstration. This paper presents a summary of a project aimed at developing a comprehensive DWF full-scale demonstration plan. The paper discusses DWF configurations considered, evaluates candidate sites, and presents estimates of costs and schedules for performing the full-scale demonstration.