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.................................................................................................................... iii PREFACE ....................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 8 Background of the Problem .................................................................................. 8 Aeschynē and Aidōs ........................................................................................... 25 History of Aeschynē and Aidōs ........................................................................... 33 Aeschynē in the Corpus ..................................................................................... 36 Aidōs in the Corpus ............................................................................................ 47 My Contribution to this Problem .......................................................................... 53 Outline of Subsequent Chapters ......................................................................... 54 CHAPTER II: THEORY OF PASSIONS ........................................................................ 56 The Importance of Ta Pathē to Aristotle's Conception of Human Nature ........... 56 Problems with Translation and Cultural Interpretations ...................................... 62 Aristotle's Treatment of Ta Pathē ....................................................................... 65 The Passionate Aspects of Aeschynē ................................................................ 83 Chapter Summary .............................................................................................. 88 CHAPTER III: AESCHYNĒ AS DISTINCT FROM AIDŌS ............................................. 90 History of the Issue ............................................................................................. 90 Key Differences between Aeschynē and Aidōs .................................................. 94 Lexis ........................................................................................................ 94 Bodily Conditions ..................................................................................... 99 Retrospective vs. Future Directed Nature .............................................. 100 Voluntary, Involuntary, and Choice ........................................................ 103 Reasoning Faculty vs. Spirited Faculty .................................................. 104 Aeschynē is Felt in Front of Those Believed to be Ethical ..................... 105 The Opinions of Various Aristotelian Scholars ....................................... 106 The Telos of Aeschynē and Aidōs ......................................................... 110 Chapter Summary ............................................................................................ 112 CHAPTER IV: AESCHYNĒ AS A CIVIC VIRTUE ....................................................... 114 Political Aspects of Aeschynē ........................................................................... 114 Ethical Aspects of Aeschynē ............................................................................ 124 ii Overview and Conclusions ............................................................................... 131 Implications for Understanding Aristotle's Conception of Human Nature ......... 140 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 143


Solar radiations and other solar activities affect the total electron content of the ionosphere and also affect various radio frequencies used in telecommunications. We studied the effects of electron densities of the ionosphere and how they affect telecommunications. A case study of the year 2000, which was a year of solar maximum, was used to show the variations of electron density of the ionosphere. Hours of maximum disturbance due to increased electron density of the ionosphere were obtained and the ways of measuring the electron density of the ionosphere suggested. The result of this study will provide information for weather forecasting and also enable telecommunication industries to make predictions and necessary adjustments to maximize their operational frequencies and thus achieve optimum results.


Objectives: Recommended Menu (RM) prepared according to the Target Pattern expected to meet the dietary reference intake (DRI) of nutrients. Nutritional adequacy of RM in 'DRI for Koreans 2015' were analyzed to verify whether such expectation was fulfilled. Methods: Dishes in RM are categorized by 5...


This communication is based on a review of the contents of Arthritis and Rheumatism (AR only 9 authors (2%) were not North Americans. In contrast, one issue (May 2007) contained 37 full-length articles, 24 authored by nonNorth Americans (Asians, Europeans, Australians). The charge to each past AR before doing that, it is appropriate to comment briefly on the themes that were dominant in work published in the Journal during the early 1970s. Coincident with the founding of AR Jane E. Salmon, MD: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York; Richard Bucala, MD, PhD: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. Address correspondence to Charles L. Christian, MD, University of Florida Health Science Center, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. Submitted for publication September 12, 2007; accepted September 12, 2007.


Part Ⅰ A novel route to substituted 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones is established. The key intermediates, substituted o-oxiranylmethylbenzo- nitriles prepared from isovanillin via 5 steps, were respectively reacted with sodium cyanoborohydride to give a series of substituted 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one as major products. Part Ⅱ An efficient, inexpensive, and environmental concerning route to the synthesis of substituted benzonitriles bearing an oxazolidin-2-one ring from isovanillin is described. The key intermediate, o-oxiranylmethyl- benzonitriles, was allowed to react with potassium cyanate in aqueous media to give a series of new substituted benzonitriles bearing oxazolidin-2-one efficiently. Part Ⅲ A new and highly efficient method for the conversion of oxiranes to thiiranes was established. Via the treatment of oxiranes with potassium thiocyanate in aqueous media under microwave irradiation, thiiranes were obtained efficiently and quickly within 5 minutes in high yields (over 80 %).


The aim of research was to characterize epiphyte micromycetes observed on variable cotton fibers accessions, to estimate the range of fiber destruction and select cotton, which were the most resistant to fungus damage. The accessions of differently colored Upland Cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum L.) evaluated: eleven cotton of natural green, twelve – of brown and eleven of conventional white color. Cotton plants have been grown in Sothern Federal District, RF. The fiber samples for the study were placed into a thermostat in sterile Petri dishes on moistened filter paper in order to stimulate the development of mycelium or sporulation of fungi naturally occurred on fibers. Incubation carried out in a thermostat at a +24-28 °C, humidity of 90-100% and exposed for 28 days. The samples examined with a microscope or binocular magnifier. Aspergillus ustus (Bainier), A. fumigatus Fresen., A. niger v. Tiegh., A. flavus Link, Penicillium aurantiogriseum Dierckx, P. notatum Westling, Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb. and Alternaria alternata (Fuier) Keissler were detected. Compared with exposed white, accession of green and brown colors were significantly resistant to fungus. The mean of destruction (K) of white cotton varied up to 0.95, but colored accessions not exceeded 0.3 (initial destruction of the surface, not affecting internal fiber's structure).


Abstract : An experimental study was made to investigate some means to alleviate flow breakdown by using a number of different strake or fence configurations. A total of 23 different configurations were studied in the 4 x 6 ft. insert with a 2 ft. diameter rigid rotor at about 7 psf disk loading. None of the strake configurations studied in the experiment completely eliminate the effect of flow breakdown. A further experimental investigation is desirable because of the increasing interest in testing V/STOL vehicles in the transition speed range. (Author)


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ABSTRACT A carbapenemase-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, clone ST258 producing KPC-3, was fully characterized. The entire plasmid content was investigated, thereby identifying plasmids of the IncFIIk (two of them similar to pKPQIL and pKPN3, respectively), IncX, and ColE types, carrying a formidable set of resistance genes against toxic compounds, metals, and antimicrobial drugs and a novel iron(III) uptake system.


Objective To explore the possible mechanism of protein kinase C α(PKCα) involved in the migration of SW620 cells promoted by Ⅶa/tissue factor(TF) activated protease-activated receptor 2(PAR2).Methods After SW620 cells were treated by PAR2 agonist(PAR2-AP),coagulation factor Ⅶa,PKCagonist(PMA),anti-TF antibody(α-TF),anti-PAR2 antibody(α-PAR2) and isotype control antibody(mopc-21) respectively,the expressions of PKCα and p-PKCα in SW620 cells were detected by Western blot,and the distribution of PKCα by immunofluorescence assay.After SW620 cells were pretreated with PMA(100 nmol/L),factor Ⅶa(10 nmol/L) and PKCα inhibitor(safingol,10 μmol/L) respectively,the migration of SW620 cells was detected by Transwell test,and the expression level of MMP-9 mRNA by quantitative real-time PCR(q-PCR).Results PMA(100 nmol/L),factor Ⅶa(10 nmol/L) and PAR2-AP(100 μmol/L) were able to increase the phosphorylation of PKCα obviously(P0.05),but did not show significant effect on the expression of PKCα(P0.05).Immunofluorescence assay indicated the translocation of PKCα from cytoplasm into nuclear membrane and nucleus of SW620 cells.In the meanwhile,both α-TF and α-PAR2 were able to obviously inhibit the activation of PKCα by factor Ⅶa,while mopc-21 did not show the inhibitory effect.In addition,Transwell test and q-PCR demonstrated that safingol could obviously block the migration of SW620 cells and the expression of MMP-9 mRNA in SW620 cells caused by factor Ⅶa.Conclusion Factor Ⅶa could activate PAR2 based on TF,then upregulate the expression of MMP-9 and promote the migration of SW620 cells via the action of PKCα.


Among the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) objectives, the correction of power factor, as well as the protection of sensitive loads against voltage swell/sag voltage. The STATCOM acts as a voltage source inverter, which is connected in shunt with a sensitive load and controlled to generate the required compensation reactive power. Only power-factor correction is the concern of this paper, which will mean operating the STATCOM as Var compensation mode. The proposed system is founded by the PLL concept in a wind energy conversion system (WECS). The planned WECS is formed by permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine system connected to the grid through Static Synchronous Compensator. The ability of fuzzy logic to handle rough and unpredictable real world data made it suitable for a wide variety of applications, especially, when the models or processes are too complex to be analyzed by classical methods. This paper investigates the application of a fuzzy controller for controlling the DC capacitor voltage under steady and transient condition. Simulations using MATLAB / SIMULINK are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed controller.


The structure and the production of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) coat of different E. amylovora isolates were investigated. Mass spectrometry and NMR analysis according to Nimtz et al. (1996) elucidated a different structure in the amylovoran of E. amylovora pathogens on Malaceae and on Rubus host plants. Tests with the E. amylovora pathogens on Malaceae showed a direct correlation between the amount of EPS produced and the aggressiveness of the strains.


Based on wind turbine blade dynamic strain distribution characteristics,a numerical simulation of the NACA4415 airfoil blade model is carried out,the simulation result is analyzed and compared with same blade's experiment test result gotten by rotation telemetry.The result indicates that numerical simulation is the same as the experiment result.Under the effect of aerodynamic force,wind turbine blade strain concentrates mainly on central position of the blade back,strain on the root and near the tip of blade are smaller than that on the central,the strain value on the front part is bigger than that on the rear part,the strain value on pressure side is greater than that on suction side of relevant position.Adding gravity and centrifugal force on the aerodynamic force,the strain value of blade root increases rapidly,at the same time the strain values of the central blade keep in a large level,which is mainly caused by centrifugal force and aerodynamic force.


We continue a series of papers devoted to construction of semi-analytic solutions for barrier options. These options are written on underlying following some simple one-factor diffusion model, but all the parameters of the model as well as the barriers are time-dependent. We managed to show that these solutions are systematically more efficient for pricing and calibration than, e.g., the corresponding finite-difference solvers. In this paper we extend this technique to pricing double barrier options and present two approaches to solving it: the General Integral transform method and the Heat Potential method. Our results confirm that for double barrier options these semi-analytic techniques are also more efficient than the traditional numerical methods used to solve this type of problems.


Many students with ADHD experience educational attainment difficulties. Nevertheless, evidence-based classroom management strategies (CMS) are seldom used. This science–practitioner gap might be due to a lack of shared knowledge between the scientific fields of psychology/psychiatry and education. This review uses science mapping to explore the basis of the current stock of knowledge in each of the two scientific fields, compares current approaches, and examines whether implementation methods and related barriers are investigated topics. We conducted a systematic search of the literature to identify articles on CMS in ADHD. We then conducted co-citation analyses and bibliographic coupling analysis. The former revealed six clusters of psychology/psychiatry and five clusters of education. Bibliographic coupling analysis resulted in eight clusters, with literature from both fields. The majority of the research is conducted in the field of psychology/psychiatry; teachers' perspectives are focused only in the field of education. The number of studies on implementation and potential barriers is small. There was thus relatively little communication between the sciences, but the scientific fields have seemed to converge recently. Connecting the scientific fields more and concentrating on implementation methods and barriers is strongly needed to close the science–practitioner gap.


Background and Aims Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-system genetic disorder affecting >72,000 people worldwide. Most people with CF experience gastrointestinal symptoms and some will develop complications such as distal intestinal obstruction syndrome. However the mechanisms of symptoms and complications are not understood. We evaluated gut function and transit of CF using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our hypotheses were: oro-caecal transit time (OCTT) is longer in CF, with lower small bowel water content (SBWC). Methods Twelve people with CF at a tertiary centre and 12 age and sex-matched controls underwent serial MRIs over 1 day, with meals at set time points. The primary endpoint was OCTT, assessed by the appearance of a food bolus in the caecum. Other measures included SBWC, colonic volume, gastric half-emptying time and gastrointestinal symptoms. Results OCTT was longer in CF (controls 210 minutes [173, 315] vs. CF 330 minutes [270, >360], p=0.04). There was no difference in gastric half-emptying times (controls 80 minutes [66, 88] vs. CF (97 [71, 128], p=0.3). Corrected SBWC was higher in CF (controls 34 L.min/m2 [28, 41] vs. CF 63 L.min/m2 [36, 80], p=0.021), with minimal second post-prandial decrease suggesting impaired ileal emptying. Corrected colonic volumes were higher in CF (controls (123 L.min/m2 [89, 146] vs. 186 L.min/m2 [166, 209], p=0.012). There were no differences in gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusions Significant differences in gut function and transit exist between CF and controls. Our methodology provides a platform for studying gastrointestinal function in CF and has identified new potential mechanisms of dysfunction. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03566550 Keywords Cystic fibrosis; MRI; gastrointestinal function; gastrointestinal symptoms.


Although the present employment situation of graduates from agricultural unversities improves, it is still far away from the ideal goals and there are some issues worth our considering. On the basis of the analysis of students' employment situation in College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, combined with students' characteristics, interests and hobbies, and professional expertise, this paper put forward the concept of personalized employment guidance to upgrade employment space, increase employment capacity, broaden employment channel, expand employment scope and raise employment rate.


Type I collagen fibrils provide a structural framework for mineral nucleation, growth, and development during calcification of tissues such as bone, dentin and tendon of many vertebrates. Previous work has described a general mechanistic model of normal collagen- mineral interaction in which nucleation events take place on collagen surfaces and in channels or gaps defined by periodic (64-70 nm) collagen hole and overlap regions. These sites are created in early collagen molecular and macromolecular assembly. The model suggests that, once nucleated, the mineral within channel spaces grows into irregularly shaped platelets of small size and these develop into larger platelets whose detectable crystallographic c-axis direction parallels the long axis direction of the collagen fibrils with which they associate. The fate of mineral nucleated on collagen surfaces is unclear, although it is known that the volume of extracellular tissue space between adjacent collagen fibrils, like that within the fibrils, also becomes mineralized.


Objective:To examine the effects of valproic acid (VPA) on Notch1 expression and cancer cell proliferation in medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) cells. Background:Other than surgery, there are no effective treatments for MTC, a neuroendocrine malignancy that frequently metastasizes. We have previously shown that over-expression of Notch1 in MTC cells inhibits cell growth and hormone production. VPA, a drug long used for the treatment of epilepsy, has recently been identified as a potential Notch1 activator. We hypothesized that VPA might activate Notch1 signaling in MTC cells, with antiproliferative effects. Methods:Human MTC cells were treated with VPA (0–5 mM) and Western blotting was performed to measure levels of Notch1 pathway proteins and neuroendocrine tumor markers. After confirming that VPA is a Notch1 activator in MTC cells, we performed cell proliferation assay. Finally, to determine the mechanism of growth inhibition, we measured protein levels of various markers of apoptosis. Results:Notch1 was absent in MTC cells at baseline. VPA treatment resulted in an increase in both full-length and active Notch1 protein. Notch1 activation with VPA suppressed 2 neuroendocrine tumor markers, ASCL1 and chromogranin A. Importantly, VPA inhibited the growth of MTC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated caspase activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, indicating the induction of apoptosis. Conclusions:VPA activates Notch1 signaling in MTC cells and inhibits their growth by inducing apoptosis. As the safety of VPA in human beings is well established, a clinical trial using this drug to treat patients with advanced MTC could be initiated in the near future.


JT IS SOMEWHAT MISLEADING TO PUT THE ABOVE QUOTATIONS TOGETHER, l since the first describes the birth of nationalism in England at a specific historical moment (the sixteenth century), while the second invokes the (usually imagined to be) ancient origins of something that has come to be called a nation. Ijuxtapose them here not simply to imply a wide divergence of scholarly opinion but also ,to suggest that any discussion of nationalism and early modern England necessarily involves both ways that these quotations read the phenomenon they describe: one places the origins of English nationalism (and perhaps of nationalism more generally) in the early modern period; the other recognizes early modern England's own perception of its national origins in antiquity. The quotations do nevertheless represent opposite poles in theories of nationalism. The first introduces Liah Greenfeld's recent study of early modern England as the world's first nation; assuming the causal primacy of ideas, Greenfeld argues for the idea of the nation as the constitutive element of modernity. The second quotation virtually concludes the last appendix to Benedict Anderson's influential Imagined Communities, a study that famously rejects ideological definitions of nationalism, considering it instead alongside anthropological terms like kinship or religion, and arguing strongly for its emergence in the eighteenthcentury Americas. Both works participate in the new social, political, and historical interest in nationalism that developed during the 1980s, just as its subject seemed about to become obsolete.2 My own approach emphasizes the interplay between historical obsolescence and continuity with the past in the recovery of national origins. I am


Organizations in both public and private sectors have become increasingly dependent on electronic data processing. It is essential to protect the communication channels and the interfaces of any system that handles information that could be the subject of attacks e.g. personal mail, electronic commerce and other financial transactions. Protecting the important data is of utmost concern to the organizations and cryptography is one of the primary ways to do the job. Public Key Cryptography is used to protect digital data going through an insecure channel from one place to another. This paper will implement a secured architecture for the various medical records by using RSA public key encryption algorithm and different authentication levels with the help of Agent Technology. RSA algorithm, asymmetric public key algorithm, is used to encrypt and decrypt the data. Agent Technology is used to retrieve required data efficiently and effectively. Since, medical records are confidential; it needs to be secured over the communication channel. So that security agent encrypts the requested data before sending to the target user. Personal agent is responsible for requesting data, carrying user preferences and user authentication to the remote server and bringing data back to the user. Data agents are used for generating the relevant data to the user (Personal) agent through security agent.


Although recent studies have reported otherwise, previous conventional wisdom has held that one-half to twothirds of pregnant women with tuberculosis are asymptomatic. If true, this has important implications for screening programs. Charts of all patients with culture-proven Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Rhode Island between 1987 and 1991 were reviewed. One-third of women aged 21 to 32 years with culture-proven tuberculosis were pregnant at time of diagnosis (7 pregnant; 15 nonpregnant). Pregnant patients with pulmonary conditions were more likely to be found through routine screening (p=0.008) and to be asymptomatic (p=0.008). In addition, pregnant women with pulmonary conditions were more likely to present with unilateral noncavitary, smear-negative disease (p=0.02). If routine screening is not performed prenatally with radiographic follow-up of all infected individuals, most pregnant women will not have their conditions diagnosed and, therefore, will not be treated in time to prevent risk to the fetus, the newborn, and the obstetric ward.


This paper investigates the effect of varying F + implantation energy on boron thermal diffusion and boron transient enhanced diffusion (TED) in metastable Si 0.86 Ge 0.14 by characterising the diffusion of a boron marker layer in samples with and without P + and F + implants. The effect of two F + implantation energies (185keV and 42keV) was studied at two anneal temperatures 950°C and 1025°C. In samples implanted with P + & 185keV F + , the fluorine suppresses boron transient enhanced diffusion completely at 950°C and suppresses thermal diffusion by 25% at 1025°C. In samples implanted with P + & 42keV F + , the fluorine does not reduce boron transient enhanced diffusion at 950°C. This result is explained by the location of the boron marker layer in the vacancy-rich region of the fluorine damage profile for the 185keV implant but in the interstitial-rich region for the 42keV implant. Isolated dislocation loops are seen in the SiGe layer for the 185keV implant. We postulate that these loops are due to the partial relaxation of the metastable Si 0.86 Ge 0.14 layer.


A device with two oscillating springs controlled electromagnetically is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The mathematical model, based on finite-element analysis, consists of a dynamic model of motion which includes all relevant physical phenomena with the exception of eddy currents, which are then evaluated separately. The tests verify the mathematical model, quantify the possible time-versus-energy-input characteristic for a given stroke and volume, and allow comparison of this concept with a previously studied approach where repulsion forces are exerted on a moving permanent magnet. The latter is superior when the actuator is required to provide mechanical work in addition to fast motion over a long stroke, while the two-spring actuator is faster and uses less energy when motion alone is desired.<<ETX>>


In this paper, we report a simple simulation of flying distance of snow blocks on roof with PV system in order to contribute making the safety solar-housing plan in the heavily snowy city. We have estimated the flying distance of the snow blocks on the PV roof, and the distance reaches over the half of the average road width in Japan. The result indicates that the complete solution of the problem cannot be obtained from the city plan only and, therefore, the PV system should have some snow melting and/or snow protective fence systems to avoid the snow accidents.


Acoustic liners are widely used in jet engine inlet ducts, as a passive means of noise reduction. The use of liners carries a weight penalty and may also adversely aect thrust and fuel consumption. The optimization of acoustic liners gains additional freedom by the possibility of non-uniform impedance distribution. This is illustrated by considering a cylindrical o annular duct with impedance varying circumferentially. The solution of the convected wave equation, with uniform axial flow, in cylindrical coordinates, is used together with non-uniform impedance wall boundary conditions, to specify the acoustic modes. The radial eigenfunctions in this case are Bessel functions, and the method applies equally well to sheared and swirling mean flows, provided that the appropriate eigenfunctions are used. The eigenvalues or radial wavenumbers are determined by: (i) the roots of a linear combination of Bessel functions for a cylindrical nozzle with uniform wall impedance; (ii) the roots of a 2x2 determinant whose terms are linear combinations of Bessel and Neumann functions, for an annular nozzle with uniform but distinct impedances at each wall; (iii) the roots of an infinite determinant for a cylindrical nozzle with circumferentially nonuniform wall impedance; (iv) the roots of the determinant of a 2x2 block of infinite matrices for an annular nozzle with distinct, non-uniform impedance distributions at the two walls. An example of liner optimization by maximizing the decay of a particular wave mode, e. g. the slowest decaying, is presented and other possible optimization criteria are discussed.


Aimed to the question of eutrophication aggravation of water quality of drinking water,the entropy theory was taken to establish the comprehensive trophic state index model(STSI) that coupled by trophic state index(TSI) and entropy weights.The model had stronger practicality in eutrophication condition evaluation of reservoir.


Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and differential diagnosis of renal angioleiomyolipoma(RAML) and to evaluate immunohistochemical reactivity in the diagnosis of RAML. Methods A retrospective study was done by reviewing the clinical and imaging documents of 60 cases of RAML. HE and immunohistochemical stainings were performed on paraffin-embeded tissues with a panel of antibodies including A103. Results Among the 60 cases (male /female=10 /50, mean age 43.8), 40 cases were symptomatic. 6 cases had associated with tuberous sclerosis. Most of tumors were sharply demarcated from the surrounding kidney parenchyma. Histologically, the tumors were composed of three components: thick-walled blood vessels, spindle or epithelioid smooth muscle cells and adipose tissues. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strong positive for A103, HMB45 and smooth muscle actin(SMA). 42 patients were followed up and all were alive with no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion RAML is a rare mesenchymal tumor of kidney. Combination of clinical manifestation, imaging documents and pathologic study might be helpful to its correct diagnosis. A103 is a promising marker for pathologic diagnosis of RAML. If necessary, preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy and midoperation frozen section study combined with immunohistochemical study should be undertaken to guide the treatment.


Objective To observe in vitro bacteriostatic effect of antibacterial material of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Acinetobacter baumannii,etc.Methods The in vitro inhibitory activity of antibacterial material of P.aeruginosa against A.baumannii,methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis,and Enterococcus faecalis were determined by using the cross-streak assay.Results In vitro inhibitory activity of P.aeruginosa against A.baumannii,methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis,and Enterococcus faecalis were excellent.Among 10 strains of P.aeruginosa,8 strains showed an inhibition rate of up to 100% against A.baumannii.In addition,there were 8 strains of P.aeruginosa whose inhibition rates against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis were 100% too;and the inhibition rates of 6 strains against E.faecalis inhibitory rate were also 100%.Conclusion P.aeruginosa has strong antibacterial activity against the above 3 species of pathogenic bacteria,and has potential development and application prospects.


One of the most crucial requirements for the correct functioning of power system protection equipment is the optimum selection of current transformers (CTs). Therefore, when selecting CTs, the protection engineer has to pay attention to steady state performance as well as transient performance of current transformers. The transient performance of current transformers varies with both system parameters and current transformer parameters. System parameters vary with the fault level and with the inductance to resistance ratio (L/R) at the fault location. In the power system of Sri Lanka, these parameters rapidly vary due to network developments. Thus, the type of the protection relay selected, the type of the protection function and the arrangement of the switchgear have a huge influence on current transformer selection. This paper discusses the development of a current transformer selection criterion for protection applications based on the transient performance of the transformers. In addition to analyzing the current transformer transient performance, PSCAD software has been used in this study to simulate current transformer performance during fault conditions with a case study done to validate the developed selection criterion.


Roberto Rossellini was initially known as a neorealist, but was among the first to break towards a life-celebrating spiritual cinema with Francis, God's Jester.


Virtual exhibition embodies powerful information distribution function and cost constraints feature,which is able to advance enterprise performance significantly as well as results in remarkable social and economic benefit.Based on the analysis of virtual exhibition development in Euro-American countries,it's found that there are some problems,which are hindering the further development of virtual exhibition,such as its nature of being non-high-tech;complex and high operation skill;lack of relating software and functions;poor coordination and interoperability between different virtual platforms;and huge pressure of hardware and software costs and so on.To promote healthy and sustainable development of China virtual exhibition,we have to pay attention to the notes as follows:to keep sound relationship between virtual exhibition and real exhibition;to remove obstacles of operation skill through technology outsourcing;to perfect the functions of virtual platform and relating software by means of multisided cooperation;to unify the standard of information processing quickly so as to strengthen coordination and cooperation between different virtual exhibition,as well as to reduce cost pressure by different means.


We introduce XDense, a grid topology based wired sensor network architecture tailored for high sampling rate applications and high density of sensor node deployments. The purpose of such an architecture is to monitor, detect and report features of observed dynamic phenomena, in a distributed fashion. We present preliminary simulations validating our concept.


Critical research into the motivation and content of Liberal social policies before 1914 has qualified much of the credit the party's accomplishments originally received. Yet such qualifications may go too far and in the struggle to do justice to all the facts, historical accuracy may suffer both from tendencies to look for dominant motifs or patterns, and from the temptation to emphasize the 'real' empirical nature of politics, so losing sight of all purposes and patterns – especially value-patterns. For example, the emphasis upon nineteenth century administrative development may certainly correct the previously overdrawn distinction between, firstly, individualism and the negative state, and secondly, collectivism and the positive state, but if such emphasis is carried too far it may appear that the social reforms passed after 1906 were no more than the logical continuation of a legislative trend already well-established. It may appear through the simple cataloguing of administrative growth, in conjunction with the attention focused on the rise of the Labour movement and the ensuing attempt to place both in a long-term historical perspective, that the Liberal party was largely the passive instrument of movements and ideas which passed around and about the party, rather than through and within it; and, this being so, that interpretations such as those of Laski, dating the emergence of 'fundamental' party divisions from post-1914, may be too easily accepted.


Startups. Why are the odds of surviving the initial stages so low? While the internet revolution has made it easier to start up, for example by democratizing investments through crowdfunding, the rate of success is still daunting. Why? Ultimately, the world is still being built by humans. That means a group effort is required. To realize this, leadership is an undeniably crucial element. Yet, not a great deal of research has been dedicated to studying leadership in startups, especially how they enlist and retain people (labour), in the early prefunding stage, when money and power are limited. The aim of this thesis is to build a rich holistic picture of how entrepreneurial leaders do this, without the use of financial means or hierarchical power. This is a collective case study of 20 entrepreneurial leaders at the startup incubator MINC in Malmo, Sweden. Methodology is based on in-depth, face to face, one on one, qualitative interviews. The findings reveal that entrepreneurial leaders use a series of psychological tools and techniques, which have been arranged into a practical framework aimed at accelerating the learning of aspiring entrepreneurs. (Less)


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the growth of the early ski market and the marketing strategies that the Union Pacific Railroad took in promoting Sun Valley ski resort, one of the most popular early destination ski resorts in the USA.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses primary and secondary source material, including ski periodicals, national magazines and the manuscript collection of W. Averell Harriman, the Chairman of the Union Pacific Railroad during the creation of Sun Valley.Findings – This paper finds that Sun Valley pioneered the western ski vacation by conducting careful market research into not only the snow and weather conditions of western mountains, but also into the habits and economic potential of skiers and winter tourists.Originality/value – Scholarly work on skiing has primarily looked at the sport from the social and cultural perspective of skiers. Work on entrepreneurial objectives of ski resort designers has largely focused on the period after the Second Wo...


The invention provides a device to detect and measure static electric charge. The device (10) to detect and measure static electric charge (q) on an object (100) being positioned in a distance (r.) from an input electrode (11) of the device (10) comprises at least one MOS field transistor (20). The input electrode (11) is connected with the gate electrode (21) of the MOS-FET (20) to detect said electrical charge. The MOS-FET (20) can comprise a gate oxide layer underneath the gate (21) and over the source (22) and drain (23) areas having a sufficient thickness to allow the MOS field transistor (20) to withstand several kilovolts (kV) of voltage and to avoid the loss of charges by tunnel effect due to the high potential of the gate electrode during ESD events.


The utility model discloses a removable keyboard mechanism with a portable electronic installation. An opening is provided on the main casing of the portable electronic installation, which comprises a plurality of stationary lock parts are provided surround the opening of the main casing; and a plurality of projections which forms the edges of the keyboard, the projections are combined by the stationary lock parts. The utility model is capable of fixing the keyboard in the main casing stably, the keyboard can be undetached from the casing conveniently thereby improving the convenience of disassembly and assembly department of the keyboard and updating or repairing the accessories of the main casing. Thereby the utility model has an effect of convenience, an easy operation, and a simplified mechanism, meanwhile the utility model reduces the production cost, improves the availability, solves the missing parts of the current technology and improves the design flexibility of the production.


Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an efficiency benchmarking technique that is frequently used to study the relative performance of bank branches. In this paper we show how results of a DEA study including 1720 bank branches are transformed into a practical tool supporting district managers of the bank in evaluating the performance of their branches in function of staffing decisions. This paper describes the several steps in this transformation process: determining input, output and environmental variables; selecting different efficiency perspectives such as operational efficiency, commercial efficiency and profitability; classifying branches according to these different perspectives in a 2x2x2 matrix; comparing the DEA results for each branch and to the results based on a commonly used performance ratio (gross margin per FTE). Although the three different efficiency perspectives are defined before running the DEA model, the question remains whether these perspectives are meaningful or not. A log-linear and odds-analysis suggest that there is a very strong relationship between operational efficiency and commercial efficiency when only a dichotomous "efficient/inefficient" classification is considered. Using regression and looking at the relationship between the gross margin per FTE and the efficiency scores of the 628 branches in the worst performing category, a high 2 R was found. The quite good correlation between this commonly used performance measure and the DEA scores in the different efficiency perspectives supported the bank's acceptance of the results of the study. Using DEA, the bank is now able to make a distinction between different groups of branches based on their performance. In the hands of a district manager, who has a very good knowledge of each branch in his district, the 2 by 2 by 2 matrices are a very useful tool for helping them select branches that are candidates for FTE reduction and those that could use more FTE. Key-words: benchmarking, data envelopment analysis, staffing, banks In a competitive environment, companies constantly look for ways to improve their operations. In this respect, benchmarking can be used to determine best practices, that can be incorporated into a company's own practices. A difference can be made between internal and external benchmarking, depending on the focus of the benchmarking study. A company, with similar homogenous units has the opportunity to perform an internal benchmarking analysis, comparing the practices of the various units. Comparing branches of different banks is an example of external benchmarking, while comparing the branches of one bank is internal benchmarking. The focus of this study is on internal benchmarking of the branches of one bank. In starting-up a benchmarking study, it is important to identify what the goals of the benchmarking study are. Goals can be very diverse, ranging from investigating to what extent branches have attained pre-determined goals (Lovell et al., 1997) to evaluating the performance of bank branch managers (Sherman et al.,1995) and employees (Schaffnit et al.,1997). The goal of this study was to develop a reference model to support district managers of a large bank in evaluating the performance of their bank branches in order to make staffing decisions. Typically, on a district level, managers are confronted with the question how to re-allocate staff between branches ? To maximise the profitability of the bank, each FTE staff must generate as much added value as possible. The statement 'as much added value as possible' introduces two major problems for the district managers: (1) 'value' is a multi-dimensional concept that includes efficiency and profitability. Furthermore many environmental variables (such as competition and market potential) can have an impact on the performance of bank branches and their staff. (2) Bank management does not have an absolute norm for what constitutes good or bad practice. The alternative is to develop staffing norms in a relative way by looking at other similar service units. Because no two service settings work exactly in the same way, the main task in this approach is to prove the comparability of the service settings. One of the major problems in staffing decision is being sure that the diversity of activities and of 'uncontrolled' external factors is taken into account. Furthermore in order to develop relative staffing norms, a sufficiently large number of comparable units is required. In general , service firms have a comparative advantage over manufacturing firms in performing relative efficiency benchmarking because they have a much larger network of service delivery sites (McLaughlin et al., 1990). According to Berger et al. (1997), one way to classify branches as best or worst practice is to use a frontier analysis techniques such as DEA. In this paper we show how DEA was applied in a very large Belgian bank (1720 branches) to support district manager of the bank in allocating staff between the various branches. The four steps in the study are as follows: 1. We determined the different input, output and grouping variables in the DEA model. In line with the different perspectives towards the working of bank branches (the production perspective and the intermediation perspective (Thanassoulis, 1999)), three different perspectives were selected: operational efficiency, commercial efficiency and profitability. Input and output variables were defined for each perspective. Special attention was given to the environmental variables (such as competition and market potential). 2. After running the DEA models, we classified the branches in a 2x2x2 matrix based on the three perspectives and whether or not the branches were efficient. An important question raised by bank management was whether an inefficient branch in the operational efficiency perspective was also inefficient in the profitability perspective. In other words is there a positive relationship between operational efficiency and profitability as suggested in the study of Oral et al. (1990)? 3. To make the advantages of this reallocation visible, we linked the 8 categories of the DEA analysis with a performance ratio historically used in the bank (in this case the gross margin per FTE). This paper looks at the relationship of this ratio and the DEA results on a branch level. 4. We classified the branches on a district level. In the hands of a district manager, who knows each of the branches in his district very well, the 2 by 2 by 2 matrices are a very useful tool for helping the district managers to select branches that are candidates for FTE reduction and those that could use more FTE. This paper shows how the tool is used. The development and application of a DEA-based tool in a specific decision area (reallocation of staff on a district level) in a bank with a very large number of branches (1720) are the specific contributions of this paper to the community of DEA researchers in banking. Before we describe the four steps of the study (outlined above) in more depth, we briefly review the literature on techniques for relative efficiency benchmarking, specifically applied to bank branches. Techniques for relative efficiency benchmarking of service units Several techniques are available for relative efficiency benchmarking of service units. The most basic technique is the ratio-analysis, where the ratio of one output to one input is compared between several bank branches. Efficiency is defined as (Avkiran, 1999): Efficiency (branch 1) = Input Output Depending on what kinds of output and input measures are used, a distinction can be made between economical efficiency and technical efficiency. In the former, prices play a crucial role, while the latter looks at the amount of work produced with a certain amount of input (Norman et al., 1991). So, the relative efficiency of branch 1 is the result of the comparison of the efficiency of branch 1 to the efficiency of another branch (e.g. branch 2): Relative efficiency = ) 2 ( ) 1 ( branch efficiency branch efficiency If branch 2 is a best practice (i.e. in this case branch 2 produces more output with the same amount of input than branch 1), branch 2 forms the frontier for branch 1 and the frontier efficiency of branch 1 is determined. Depending on how much shape is imposed on the frontier, a distinction is made between non-parametric and parametric frontiers (Berger et al., 1997). Non-parametric approaches such as DEA, do not impose any particular functional form that presupposes the shape of the frontier (Berger et al., 1997, p.179). The nonparametric DEA approach is more preferred than parametric approaches when the frontier analysis focuses on branch performance within a single bank in order to improve managerial performance (Berger et al., 1997, p.203). The greater popularity of DEA in this case is also confirmed in more recent studies of branch efficiency (Thanassoulis, 1999; Zenios et al., 1999; Soteriou et al., 1999; Athanassopoulos et al., 2000). Therefore this study uses DEA as the basic efficiency benchmarking technique. On the other hand, one must be aware that these non-parametric approaches do not allow for random errors owing to luck, data errors and other measurement errors (Berger et al., 1997, p.179). This implies that data and measurement errors must be avoided as much as possible. Using DEA, a best-practice function is empirically built from observed inputs and outputs. Linear programming is used to derive this best practice function. The objective is to maximise a service unit's efficiency expressed a as a ratio of outputs to inputsby comparing a particular unit's efficiency with the performance of a group of similar units delivering the same service. Some of the units are evaluated as 100% efficient as compared to the other units. These 100% efficient units are said to lie on the efficient production frontier. Other units have an efficiency rating of less


This year will be the fifth consecutive year with global growth below its long-term trend of 3.5 percent observed during 2000-07, standing at last year's 2.4 percent. This is 0.5 percent below January's forecast. Many countries are plagued by recession, several others suffer from terrorist attacks and refugee crises, while some are mired in civil wars together with extremely uncertain commodity markets, especially oil. The result has been lower potential output and investment, and weaker global demand. In advanced economies, real growth remained uncomfortably low, almost 1 percent below the long term average from 2000 to 2007. This year appears to be one of the toughest as MENA governments face serious policy challenges. The biggest for oil exporters is managing theirfinances and diversification strategies with oil below $45 a barrel. Fiscal consolidation in a difficult sociopolitical environment and spillovers from conflicts is also creating challenges for oil importers. Real 2016 GDP growth in MENA is projected to fall to its lowest level since 2013, 2.3 percent, lower than last year's growth by 0.5 percent and about 1 percent lower than predicted in April 2016.


This paper is dealing with a very important issue of economic policy: the role and the significance of the instruments of fiscal and monetary policy. The core of this concept is that the taxes as fiscal lever have to be the most important instrument of economic policy, yet only coupled with the monetary instruments.


Extrinsic and intrinsic nonlinear magneto-optics are introduced through the use of layered structures. Longitudinal magneto-optic configurations are selected to promote the maximum coupling of field components. In the extrinsic calculations, linear magneto-optic layers are deployed with varying degrees of complexity in structures that have components that can become optically nonlinear. The properties of spatial solutions are investigated theoretically using a Lagrangian variational procedure. Interesting arrangements are discussed for general polarization interaction based on a magnetic field distribution that varies both along and transversely t the propagation direction. Finally, intrinsic nonlinear magneto- optics is briefly discussed, which uses a photoinduced nonlinear Faraday effect.


Objective To develop a new generation of anticancer drugs of paclitaxel,the quantitative structure-anticancer activity(PIDact) relationship(QSAR) of paclitaxel analogues was studied.Methods Based on the electrotopological state index and electronegativity distance vector,the QSAR model was developed by Leaps-Bounds regression(best subset,LBR),and was validated using cross and external-validation.PIDact values of ten external validation were predicted by the QSAR model built from the training set with 43 paclitaxel analogues.Results The model had higher calibrated correlation coefficient and LOO(leave-one-out) validated correlation coefficient.Conclusion The model has estimated ability and good stability,and the training set model has good predictive ability.


Hand washing has been recognized as an effective measure against the transmissions of different communicable diseases. This article provided insights into hand washing facilities, students' knowledge, and patronage of the facilities in basic schools in Ejura-Sekyeredumase Municipality of Ghana motivated by the Covid-19 pandemic. We pointed out the current state of handwashing facilities and knowledge of proper handwashing among basic schools in the second Covid-19 hotspot region.  The study spanned between November 2019 to March 2020. From pre Covid-19 period to the time (month) Ghana recorded its first case of Covid-19. The study was undertaken using well designed structured questionnaire, observation checklist and interviews. It involved randomly sampling 25 public schools and 5 private schools. From each of these 30 schools, 19 students and a teacher were selected randomly and purposively making a total of 600 respondents. Data obtained from the students and staff were compared for their effective relationships using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. The Pearson Chi-Square test was used to show the effect size and the strength of relationship between variables. The results showed that the handwashing facilities were not enough for students and teachers. Many students rated availability of handwashing materials as good (66. 70%). There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the availability of hand washing materials and patronage of the facility. Most students claimed water flowed always ( =1.27) with few reporting intermittent water availability (26.70%, SD=0.45). Generally, more students (76.80%) washed their hands with soap and water after visiting the toilet. There was a significant difference between students who knew germs and the number of times they practiced hand washing, X2(4, N=546) =13.26, P=0.01). However, the effect size was relatively small (Cramer's V=0.15). Inadequate handwashing materials (42.13%) and forgetfulness from students (37.07%) were hindrances to effective handwashing. The government through the ministry of education should ensure all year- round provisions of hand washing facilities and materials coupled with continuous education and awareness to strengthen hand washing habit among the students.


This research aims to study the reality of using e-learning systems in the educational process, in addition to analyzing the use of the BbS examining the decisions of THP and weighing its advantages and disadvantages. The descriptive technique was used in the investigation. The field study was carried out with the use of a questionnaire distributed to students enrolled in the THP at the Applied College, Al-Ula Branch. SPSS 25 was used to do a statistical analysis of the gathered data. The study's found that students in the THP utilize the Bbs functionalities to study their courses, resulting in a low degree of benefit from the Bbs. The study proposes that seminars and training courses be held for course teachers and students to train them on the BbS, encouraging instructors to utilize the range of evaluation tools offered by the BbS, including assignments, brief and oral exams, periodic exams, and final exams


The thigh piece (10) comprises a pair of thigh-enclosing elements (12, 14) coupled with a belt (16) by means of a linking strap (20) passing through a maintaining ring (22). The latter further comprises means for adjusting the height of the linking belt position to adjust the thigh-enclosing module (23) with respect to the belt (16) according to the distance between the user's crutch and his waist. The height adjusting means are advantageously formed by at least an intermediate side (28) internally subdividing the ring with superimposed holes provided at different levels for positioning.


Abstract The awareness of taxpayers in Indonesia to carry out their tax obligations is felt to be very minimal in terms of compliance and self-awareness, they pay taxes due to forced elements and this is due to many influencing factors including frequent changes in regulations, lack of socialization, complexity in calculations, payments and reporting is also due to the services of the tax authorities which make taxpayers feel comfortable and more open in resolving the obstacles they face in taxation . The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between tax knowledge and tax authority services and investigate the moderating effects of religiosity on individual taxpayer compliance. The population in this study are individual taxpayers who have worked or have income. Samples were taken using convenience sampling and obtained 104 respondents. The results of the study show that: 1) Knowledge of taxation has a positive and significant effect on individual taxpayer compliance. 2) Tax authority services do not affect individual taxpayer compliance. 3) Religiosity does not affect individual taxpayer compliance. 4) Religiosity cannot moderate the effect of tax knowledge on individual taxpayer compliance. 5) Religiosity cannot moderate the effect of tax authority services on individual taxpayer compliance . Keywords: knowledge of taxation, tax authority services, taxpayer compliance, religiosity.


A master-slave machine vision system structure based on real time image processing using DSP is proposed in this paper. With this structure, image collection, image processing and image analysis can be parallel processed in the system. Some fast algorithms for image noise smoothing and image segmentation are also discussed; experiment results show that those methods are feasible and effective.


The article describes the issues of strategic planning and legal regulation of activities aimed at energy saving and energy efficiency in the Russian Federation. The authors set the goal to determine the directions for strategic planning of the energy saving policy of the Russian Federation based on a comparative legal analysis in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development of an energysaving economy. The article considers advanced technologies designed to ensure the most effective implementation of the provisions of legal acts adopted in the last decade in Russia.
The methodology of this scientific research is the use of hermeneutics, interpreting legal texts and application of formal logical instruments within the system analysis of current Russian strategic planning acts for longterm (mediumterm) period to coordinate the activities of economic entities and public authorities in the appropriate direction. Besides, it includes normative acts that establish the legal, economic and organizational basis for stimulating energy conservation and improving energy efficiency as well as legal documents of other countries that determine their policies in this area.
The authors come to the conclusion that it is required to consult various specialists, including ophthalmologists, when creating norms of Russian legislation in the field of energy saving; to account for technical and technological characteristics of LED (light emitting diode) modules, chips, other light sources; to take into consideration the possibility of their use in various fields in order to achieve energy efficiency.


As part of a continuing effort for the development of novel anti-inflammatory and antiallergic agents, the highly potential agent, 2-chloro-3-methoxycarbonylethylcarboxamido-1, 4-naphthoquinone (2), was selected as the lead com pound to synthesize a series of derivatives. The structure-activity relationships in this series were examined. Some of the compounds showed significant anti-inflammatory and antiallergic activities. Upon further study of the mechanism of action, it was found that 2-methoxycarbonypropylcarboamido-3-chloro-1, 4-naphthoquinone (3) and 2acetamido-3-chloro-1, 4-naphthoquinone (4) had a direct inhibitory effect on the activator protein 1 (AP-1) and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB).


Flows under extreme weir approach conditions are difficult to measure accurately. They occur when there are
rapid flows, steep channels, skewed flows in sinuous channels, and flows laden with sediment. Building on previous studies,
the drop–box weir was modified and evaluated for use in steep and skewed stream channels found in small watersheds.
Modifications to the modified drop–box weir (MDBW) included preventing water from overtopping the back wall of the box
(forcing all water to enter the sides of the box), extending the vertical side walls at the V section of the weir to preclude water
flow out of the weir–measuring section at high flows, and use of a channel baffle for energy dissipation. Three
energy–dissipation configurations upstream of the box and 20 upstream approach conditions were tested. The
approach–channel angles ranged from 0

to 45

, and approach–channel slopes ranged from 5% to 75%. The investigations
showed that an upstream baffle yielded a stable rating curve compared with two other energy–dissipation measures.
Statistical analyses of the rating curve parameters of the MDBW for each of the 20 approach conditions were similar, leading
to the conclusion that the rating was independent of approach channel angle and slope at all flows when an upstream baffle
was used to dissipate flow energy.
The rating curve was composed of five linear segments on a log–log grid with relative gauge–height (R = gauge
height/depth of V notch of weir) boundaries at 0.058, 0.11, 0.27, and 0.49. Data suggest that departures in the low–flow rating
(R < 0.27) between weirs may be due to differences in weir fabrication, and field rating using the results and procedures of
this study are recommended. Changes in the slopes of these linear rating segments were associated with observed flow
conditions in the weir. A maximum R of 0.63 was recommended for sizing a MDBW, but R = 0.78 could be used if monitoring
equipment had sufficient water–depth resolution. The rating curve developed in this study was nearly identical to those
developed in another independent study, in which flows were directed at a 90

approach angle by gutters, and with part of
the rating curve of the original drop–box weir. This suggests that the rating in this study is applicable to extreme approach
angles beyond the 45

angle tested in this study. Guidelines for weir sizing and developing rating curves for the MDBW are
given.


This paper describes how the species conservation genetic algorithm (SCGA) (Balazs et at., 2001) can be adapted to practical problems by using domain specific distance definitions to measure the dissimilarity between elements of the search space.


The occurrence of landslides generally depends on complex interactions among a large number of partially interrelated factors. It is appropriate to use multiple regression analysis for predicting landslides from a given set of independent variables. The procedure of landslide hazard assessment by regression analysis, however, requires evaluation of the spatially varying terrain conditions as well as spatial representation of the landslides. In this paper, the multiple regression analysis was applied to predict landslides in Himi district from independent factors, such as geology, slope-aspect, slope angle, land use and soil with Geographic Information System (GIS). Based on GIS, every factor was classified into several clusters and then the statistical weight of every cluster was assigned for every factor respectively. By the weights of five factors, the linear regression's coefficients of these input factors in landslide area were extracted and assigned to the whole region, and then the susceptibility for the potential landslide was obtained to make the landslide hazard assessment map. Geology and slope-aspect factors are the most important ones. Soil factor is not so notable in this research region, though it may be significant in other regions. At last, the average susceptibilities map for existing landslides was made for the engineers to do control work.


D-cycloserine ameliorates breathing abnormalities and survival rate in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. D-cycloserine ameliorates breathing abnormalities and survival rate in a mouse model of Rett syndrome.


A variational model based on incremental energy minimization is proposed to describe the evolution of damage in elastic materials. The model accounts for an elastic energy, depending on the damage variable, and for a damage energy, which has a local and a non-local term. The evolution of the displacement and damage fields, representing the problem unknowns, is determined by an incremental energy minimization problem, which is analytically solved in a special one-dimensional case, and numerically in a two-dimensional setting. By properly assigning the shapes of the elastic and damage energies, two different damage modes are reproduced: localized damage, consisting in a stress-softening process, in which damage forms in thin body portions and coalesces in fracture surfaces, and diffuse damage, which is characterized by a stress-hardening response, with damage spreading in large zones of the body. The former mechanism is typical of quasi-brittle materials, while the latter one is proper for ductile materials...


Abnormalities of chromosome band 11q13 are frequent in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The oncogene CCND1 is located at 11q13 and encodes cyclin D1, a cell cycle‐regulating protein. The authors investigated the clinical relevance and associations between amplification and overexpression of cyclin D1 and 11q13 rearrangements.


In synchronous circuit designs, clock skew is difficult to minimize because a single physical layout of a clock tree must satisfy multiple constraints in a complicated power mode environment where certain modules may operate with different voltages. In this paper, we use adjustable delay buffers (ADB) whose delays can be tuned or adjusted to minimize clock skew under different power modes. Assuming that the positions of k ADBs are already determined, we first propose a linear-time optimal algorithm which assigns the values of ADBs so that the skew is optimal among all possible ADB assignments with a possibility of latency penalty. Then, we propose a modified optimal algorithm without latency penalty. We also propose an efficient heuristic to determine good positions for ADBs. Our results show significant improvement when compared to cases without ADBs.


In general, routing is subdivided into two functionalities: routing protocols that keep the network state information up to date and routing algorithms that compute paths based on the information provided by the routing protocols. An excessive overhead prevents the distribution of all resource changes across the network, leading to stale link-state information. Besides inaccurate information, researchers have also resorted to inexact algorithms, because the general QoS path selection problem is NP-hard. Researchers have strived to optimize on either the protocol or the algorithm, but have hardly investigated how the two can benefit from each other. In this paper we combine QoS protocol and algorithm. Our solution guarantees a tunable bounded error margin on the link-state information and provides an exact polynomial-time algorithm for the selection of (multi-constrained) paths


The topic analyzed in this paper is one specific aspect of the debate about God's existence — the so–called existential proof of faith. Human beings have always been drawn to God, namely, they have always sensed that there was, above all else, one ultimate goal to be achieved in life. They perceived that it is God who is this very goal, and so have tried to prove His existence. However, from the perspective of natural theology and in keeping with the tradition of the (analytic) philosophy of religion, it is considered equally important to understand the foundations of one's existence and faith in God. Such claims were shared by prominent contemporary existentialist philosophers, such as S. Kierkegaard and K. Jaspers. When seen in this context, the debate about God's existence is just one aspect of a broader debate on how people live their faith, and furthermore, how they justify their faith in God. Contemporary philosophy of religion, its analytic branch in particular, is most often devoted to seeking out evidence of God's existence, although according to the above–mentioned philosophers, it is perhaps even more crucial to live one's faith, and in this way to prove one's faith in God as the ultimate purpose of existence. Hence, this paper endeavours to demonstrate the immense importance of the existential dimension of faith, as well as that of living a faith–based existence.


A high-performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) method was established to determine abietic acid in duck skin. Abietic acid in duck skin samples was extracted with acetonitrile, followed by purification with a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge, and determined by HPLC with an ultraviolet(UV) detector. The chromatographic conditions were established using a C18 column(250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.003 mol/L phosphoric acidmethanol(8:92, V/V) at a fl ow rate of 1.0 mL/min and the detection wavelength was set at 240 nm. Results indicated that the linearity ranged from 0.1 to 10.0 mg/L, the detection limit of abietic acid was 0.1 μg/g, and the quantifi cation limit was 0.33 μg/g. The recoveries from spiked samples at conc entration levels of 0.5–50 μg/g were in the range of 82.2%–88.0%. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of abietic acid in duck samples epilated with colophony. The content of abietic acid in the duck sample could reach 14.52 μ g/g. This method proved to be of high maneuverability as well as excellent sensitivity and accuracy, and could be used for quantitative analysis of abietic acid in duck skin tissue.


The second meeting of the experts confirmed the outstanding importance of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of mimic wrinkles. Within the last two years the therapy has become more differentiated. Indications that didn'tbring convincing results, such as nasolabial sulcus, horizontal neck wrinkles and the decollete were not able to establish themselves. New indications such as masseteric hypertrophy have been added. Still, the goal is not the smoothing of large facial areas, but the shaping of a lively face. Gold standard of the treatment lobjective is the patients wish. It is the doctors art of finding out the patients wish, to weigh the viability critically and then to implement the wish as best as possible by using the appropriate points of injection and the right dosage. The treatment with botulinum toxin A will become even more differentiated. Increasing experience in the area of the middle and lower third of the face will lead to simultaneous treatment of several areas of a patient. Hence, the goal within the next few years will be to define rules for the differentiated treatment of several facial areas in order to further optimise the therapy with botulinum toxin A. The assignment for all of us will be, by means of a very good patient documentation, to develop therapy strategies that can be summarized at a third consensus meeting.


Light-to-moderate alcohol drinking reduces the risk of atherosclerotic diseases such as coronary heart disease, ischemic-type stroke, and peripheral artery disease through the anti-atherosclerotic and anti-thrombotic effects of alcohol. These beneficial effects of alcohol are explained mainly by its blood lipid-improving actions, such as hDL cholesterol-increasing and LDL cholesterol-decreasing actions, and by its blood coagulation-suppressing actions, such as platelet aggregation-inhibiting, blood fibrinogen-decreasing, and plasminogen activator-increasing actions. These biological actions of alcohol are thought to be independent of the type of beverage and to be due to ethanol itself. On the other hand, excessive drinking and binge drinking increase the risk of hypertension, hemorrhagic-type stroke, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy. The guidelines of the international and Japanese societies of hypertension recommend that alcohol intake should be restricted to less than two drinks (24 g ethanol) per day in men and one drink (12 g ethanol) per day in women. Alcohol drinking should never be recommended for promotion of health in those who are currently nondrinkers since there is no way of predicting the future likelihood of excessive drinking and addiction. Moreover, individual background factors such as age, gender, body weight, history of smoking, history of hypertension therapy, and polymorphism of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes should be taken into account when considering alcohol intake volume suitable for each individual. The etiology of alcohol-induced hypertension and cardiomyopathy remains to be clarified. Future studies are also needed to determine whether light-tomoderate alcohol drinking is permissible in persons with atherosclerotic disease and in persons with risk factors for atherosclerosis.


This paper aims to determine the effect of the Muhadharah method on the motivation to learn Arabic for junior high school students in the Darul Aman Gombara Islamic Boarding School, and to find out the factors that inhibit Muhadharah's method of increasing motivation to learn Arabic. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the Muhadharah method has an effect on the process of enhancing the motivation to learn Arabic in students of the Darul Aman Gombara Islamic Boarding School; 2) the factors that influence the Muhadharah method are short time, less effective place, less varied ways, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and little foreign language vocabulary


This article presents analytical expression, obtained for the working bank of track receiver, which allows to make calculation of critical harmonic level resulting in contact closure of control relay. It also demonstrates block fl ow diagrams determining critical characteristics control mode and calculating permissible harmonic interference level of the rolling stock with asynchronous traction motor.


With the development of the new mass media, there is a decreasing number of the university students in the literature classics reading. The article exposes the change in the literature classics reading. Then it analyzes special advantages in the popularization of it. Finally it discusses new measures with the new media technology to the popularize the literature classics reading.


Since July 1997 the economic crisis in Thailand triggered by a currency devaluation has placed severe constraints on public financing including public health and HIV/AIDS programs. This paper introduces the conceptual framework of interrelated consequences of the economic crisis on HIV/AIDS prevention and control. On the basis of document research and in-depth interviews with officials at national and provincial levels the authors explain how the Government of Thailand has dealt with AIDS epidemic during the period of economic hardship. Moreover the paper describes how program managers at national and provincial levels have responded to budget cuts and discusses the impact the cuts may have on the effectiveness of programs. It is noted that the state of government finance and agreements with the International Monetary Fund have led to many policy adjustments and budget amendments.


Background
Health care professionals are at high risk for work accidents; within this context, personal protective equipment (PPE) acts as a barrier and affords protection in any situation of potential exposure to biological materials.

Objective
To analyze associated factors and determine the frequency of adherence to use of PPE by health care professionals from the state of Maranhão who suffered sharps injuries at work.

Methods
A cross-sectional epidemiological and analytical study based on secondary data from the System of Information on Notifiable Diseases (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - SINAN) was performed with health care professionals who suffered sharps injuries from 2010 to 2015. Unadjusted analysis was performed first and then hierarchical adjusted analysis with adherence to use of PPE as response variable. Only variables with p<0.05 were considered as having association with the response variable.

Results
The frequency of use of PPE was 41%. At the end of hierarchical analysis, non-adherence to use of PPE remained associated with having 12 or less years of formal schooling, working at the capital/metropolitan area, percutaneous exposure, exposure to blood, needlestick injuries and improper disposal of sharps.

Conclusion
The frequency of adherence to PPE was relatively low among health care professionals from the state of Maranhão who were victims of accidents. Twelve years or less of formal schooling, not using PPE and improper disposal of sharps might contribute to the occurrence of work accidents at health care services.


In order to explore the possibility of aquaculture using concentrated seawater from seawater desalination,the immune stress response of Litopenaeus vannamei in concentrated seawater was studied in this paper. Concentrated seawater was prepared by adding table salt to natural seawater. The salinity 40 and 36 were as experimental group and compared with the natural salinity 30. Litopenaeus vannamei were acclimated for 0, 2,6,12,24,48 and 96 hours at different salinities,and the serum protein concentration,the activity of acid phosphatase,superoxide dismutase,serum lysozyme and the time of serum blood coagulation were determined and analyzed at different salinities. The result showed that the serum protein concentration,acid phosphatase activity and the time of serum blood coagulation of Litopenaeus vannamei caused by concentrated seawater were significantly influenced( P 0. 01),but that on serum lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activity were not significant( P 0. 05).


For the first time we demonstrate the CMOS integration of undoped fully-depleted Ultra Thin Body and BOX devices (UTB2) with (110)/(100) substrate crystal orientation for pFET and nFET respectively. For this, we used an original 3D-folded Bulk+/Silicon-On-Nothing (SON) process on DSB substrate. Resulting multi-surface orientations devices are studied.


An explicit example of one-dimensional shearing is used to illustrate the necessity of extra boundary conditions for a class of incremental theories of plasticity regarded as otherwise conventional apart from a dependence of the tangential moduli on gradients of plastic strain. ©2002 ASME


Accounting education in recent years has emphasized the need for developing generic competencies and, to this end, has advocated various pedagogies other than the traditional lecture format. The Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (Canada) started an award-winning program, Vire, Tuelle & Associates (VTA), which uses a mixed teaching approach to develop students' generic competencies in preparation for the Chartered Accountant designation. This questionnaire-based study asked students to rate this approach at the end of their training in the mock firm (VTA) and while they were trainees in an accounting firm. It also asked the office supervisors to assess their trainees' competency levels during the training period. It was found that the mixed approach program significantly enhanced the development/improvement of all 32 generic competencies investigated. After a few months' work as CA trainees, students had not substantially changed their views of the usefulness of VTA activities for the development of their competencies. Students' perceptions of some benefits of the mixed approach differed significantly according to accounting work experience and prior academic performance. The office supervisors generally viewed the UQTR trainees as being highly competent or excellent. This study provides educators, schools and professional accounting bodies with feedback on the mixed approach to help them develop similar programs.


Political science has its distinctive subject matter – the exercise of power and its consequences for society – and its distinctive set of assumptions, concepts, theories and methods.1 These shape the way in which its practitioners identify topics and transform them into subjects worthy of being taught, researched and published. In a 'normal' physical or social science, such foundational elements are virtually invisible since they are regarded as givens and accepted without controversy. Political science has only rarely been a 'normal' science in this sense.2 The scholars who been practicing it since Plato and Aristotle have frequently disagreed on what these are – even though all of them ultimately draw on the same accumulated wisdom of their predecessors. They engage in endless disputes about basic assumptions and core concepts; they draw both of these from contending, if not contradictory, theories and they apply a wide range of methods – both empirical and normative, quantitative and qualitative. The core of their problem rests with the changing nature of the discipline's subject matter: power. Its exercise can be omnipresent but elusive; obvious when it involves force or coercion, but invisible when it focuses on manipulating preferences or invoking conformity to norms. Actors often pretend that they are not acting politically – while doing so – and virtually everyone has an incentive not to admit what his or her true objectives are. Maddeningly, the most powerful actors often have to do nothing since subordinates have already been programmed to obey or are convinced that it is in their best interest to do so. The consequences produced by the exercise of power are always risky, but usually calculable when circumscribed by established rules and practices; however, during periods of rapid change, they are fundamentally uncertain and, hence, incalculable. They are usually bundled together with allegedly 'natural' social, cultural or economic phenomena from which they are exceedingly difficult to disentangle. Of decisive importance as the discipline has become more selfproclaimed 'scientific' is the fact that power is not only


N, N-Dibromobenzenesulfonamide (II) was made to react with safrole (I) to give 2-benzenesulfonamido-3-bromo-1-(3', 4'-methylenedioxyphenyl) propane (III), 2-benzenesulfonamido-3-bromo-1-(6'-bromo-3', 4'-methylenedioxyphenyl) propane (IV), 1-benzenesulfonamido-3-bromo-2-(3', 4'-methylenedioxyphenyl) propane (VI), 1-benzenesulfonamido-3-bromo-2-(6'-bromo-3', 4'-methylenedioxyphenyl) propane (VII) and a mixture of bromo-adducts of safrole (XI) as by-product. The productions of VI and VII show that a Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement occurred in the course of the addition of II to the double bond of I.


Polymer characterization has presented major difficulties to the analytical chemist, who has had to develop techniques to cope with the challenge. Even the elementary problem of measuring molecular weight is not easy. Yet such measurements are essential, because the physical, mechanical, and flow properties depend on the length of the polymer chain. Because of the limited solubility and high viscosity of polymers, many classical techniques have been of little use or have had to be extensively modified to measure the molecular weight of polymers. Size-exclusion chromatographic techniques such as gel permeation have been developed to measure these molecular weight distributions. Special chromatographic instruments with a range of spectroscopic detectors (including infrared and laser-light scattering) have emerged commercially to aid the analytical chemist in the fundamental endeavor to measure the length of the polymer chain and its distribution. The author describes the advantages and disadvantages and disadvantages of various spectroscopic techniques.


Objective:To compare the effects of propofol medium-chain triglycerides/long-chain triglycerides or propofol long-chain triglycerides and remifentanil on circulatory function and revival in patients who underwent total intravenous anesthesia.Methods:40 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery were randomized into 2 groups(n=20 each):propofol medium-chain triglycerides/long-chain triglycerides(MCT/LCT)group(group M) and propofol long-chain triglycerides(LCT) group(group L).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.04~0.06mg/kg,fentanil 2~3μg/kg atracurium 0.4~0.6mg/kg and etomidate 0.03~0.05mg/kg.The patients were mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with continuous infusion of different excipients of propofol and remifentanil and intermittent vein boluses of atracurium.Haemodynamics parameter were taken at the following time points:before induction of anesthesia、during tracheal intubation、5min before operation、5min after operation and at the end of operation.The duration of eye opening,directional power recovery,the time of extubation,nausea and vomiting of were obtained at the postoperative.Results:There were no significant difference in haemodynamics parameter,the duration of eye opening,directional power and extubation between the 2 groups;SBP during tracheal intubation increased(P0.05) compared to that of before induction of anesthesia;SBP\MAP and DBP during tracheal intubation increased(P0.05)compared to hat of before induction of anesthesia in L group;there was only 1 case occurred nausea and vomiting between 2 groups.Conclusion:Our results show that propofol medium-chain triglycerides/long-chain triglycerides can be applied safely and efficiently in intravenous anesthesia and reduce the nausea and vomiting of postoperation.


To measure the isotopic composition of cosmic rays up to Fe an instrument is needed with good isotopic resolution and a large exposure. The large geometry needed for a balloon-borne detector has been obtained with large mapped detectors and a trajectory determining spark chamber. The instrument achieves isotopic resolution only for stopping particles. For low charge particles where there is no Cerenkov response the detector works as a multiple dE/dx-Range-Energy detector. For higher charges where scintillator saturation becomes important it becomes a Cerenkov-range measurement.


rocket to the Moon burns fuel and produces hot gasses for propulsion, our classroom rockets expel water and air but still operate under the same scientific principles. The water rockets we describe in this article use simple and inexpensive materials, feature an easy-to-build launch device, and are relatively small and safe. While there are other designs for water rockets with simple materials, many require more elaborate launchers and a much larger space for launching. Some sophisticated two-liter bottle launchers have achieved launch velocities of over 500 kilometers per hour and distances of hundreds of meters (Bonnstetter and Winemiller 1994; Winemiller, Pederson, and Bonnstetter 1991). Although exciting, such high-power rockets involve some safety concerns that are not trivial. Our small water rockets don't travel nearly as fast or far, but they still provide the thrill of launch and recovery. We make the rocket body from a 20 mL syringe (needle removed) with a tight-fitting cap. It is vertically positioned on a wooden launch pad and attached to two additional syringes that inject water and air into the rocket. We glue and screw one end of the plunger of the rocket syringe to a wood base for stability and use a small tap or valve, found in pet stores for fish aquariums, to regulate the flow of air and water. You can obtain syringes from science suppliers or veterinary supply stores. The total cost for each rocket is only a couple of dollars, and the launcher materials cost less than $10. See Figures 1 and 2 for photo and diagram of the setup. You can complete this activity using one launcher, but it is helpful to have several on hand. Students can help build the launchers with supervision. Explosions and fires—these are what many students are waiting for in science classes. And, when they do occur, students pay attention. While we can't entertain our students with continual mayhem, we can catch their attention and cater to their desires for excitement by saying, "Let's make rockets." Although the rockets we have in mind don't really explode, neither are they static. And, like the best science activities, rockets cry out for student modifications and experimentation, leading to desired learning goals. You can make a water rocket from almost any closed container. Partially fill it with water, add air under pressure, release the air, and voila! You have the basic ingredients of a rocket. Get creative and improve your rocket to control the release of pressure, enhance aerodynamics, and provide some directional control and stability. Now your rocket becomes somewhat predictable and ready to launch safely and inexpensively, allowing you to experiment while learning fundamental principles of physics. In this article, we will show you how we make simple, inexpensive, reusable launchers and rockets that can be used for student-designed experiments.


Background Patients facing open-heart surgery have the choice of donating their own blood prior to surgery for their later use (pre-operative autologous donation), or accepting volunteer-donated (allogeneic) blood. A decision aid, consisting of an audiotape and a booklet, was developed to assist patients to make this decision. It defined "blood transfusion", and clarified its role in heart surgery. Nontransfusion alternatives were listed. It described the two transfusion options, their risks and benefits and gave probabilities of complications. A summary chart allowed the patients to compare the pros and cons of each method. Obiectives 1. To evaluate the decision aid's effect on specific outcomes. 2. To evaluate the decision aid's acceptability to heart surgery patients. 3. To assess the importance of others' opinions in making the decision to pre-donate blood before heart surgery. Design Before-after trial. Setting Outpatient surgery clinics, Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa. Participants A consecutive series of 70 patients who were to have open-heart surgery in the future. Patients were English-speaking and were potential candidates for autologous blood donation.


A method for the rapid determination of gatifloxacin in gatifloxacin injections by microchip capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection was developed.The type and concentration of the buffer,separation voltage and injection time on the separation and detection have been optimized.In the buffer solution of 5.0 mmol/L HAc at a separation voltage of 2.0 kV,gatifloxacin could be separated and detected within 1.0 min.Gatifloxacin showed good linear response in the range of 4.0-150 μg/mL,the limit of detection was 1.0 μg/mL(S/N=3),and the recoveries were 95.7%-101%.The method was used for the detection of gatifloxacin in gatifloxacin injections satisfactorily.


This paper presents a study on the effect of diesel fuel containing dissolved gas on the steady spray and atomization. It lays stress on studying the effect of different method of dissolving gas and different kind of gas on the dissolved gas concentration and concentration gradient. It also studies the effect of nozzle, orifice shape and the amount of dissolved gas on the spray quality and configuration.


Sensor processing is a common task within many embedded system domains, such as in control systems, the sensor feedback is used for actuator control. In this paper we have surveyed several embedded system domains, and extracted kernels of computation that are common across applications within a given domain, or across domains. We have shown that adding architectural support for executing these common kernels of computation can yield an overall better system performance. We present a light weight, simplified prototype of a Sensor Processing Unit (SPU) that offloads these computations from the main Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) of an embedded processor, and that accesses sensor data in a low latency manner. Our SPU prototype shows an average speed up factor of 2.48 over executing these kernels on an embedded PowerPC processor. A large portion of this speed up is due to our low latency method for accessing sensor data. Isolating our speed up to purely computation still shows an average speed up factor of 1.38 for these kernels.