Summary form only given. Experimental investigations of the true physical conditions inside the crossed-field devices are of fundamental importance for the understanding of the operation of these devices and may lead to eventual improvement of the present tubes. At Northeastern University, tube research has taken up a combined approach of in situ plasma diagnostics and computer simulations using two frequency scaled CFAs as test vehicles. A collection of temporal and time-averaged diagnostic techniques have been developed through our research. Probe measurements as well as device performance of the linear CFA and the beam-injected, reentrant CFA have been directly compared with computer simulation results from MASK and NEAMP codes. We have recently incorporated in our reentrant CFA a secondary emission cathode for the purpose of gaining insight on improving the noise performance of both military and commercial devices. It has long been speculated and appears more so as a result of the improved diagnostic techniques, that the instabilities in the space charge cloud are the major source of noise in crossed-field devices. The average electron transit time is determined experimentally through a gated-electron injection scheme. Latest results are reported.


A dual fueled diesel engine system with diesel fuel and reformed methanol has been investigated. Methanol can be reformed to reformed methanol (hydrogen 67% + carbon monoxide 33%) over suitable catalyst. The reformed methanol contains 20% more energy than methanol. Fundamental data of an electric heated reformer, performance of the dual fueled diesel engine to which hydrogen and carbon monoxide fed from gas bombs as a preliminary experiment, and then performance of the diesel engine with an onboard reformer were tested. In consequence, the feed of the reformed methanol improves the diesel engine performance.


The temperature of a soft tissue model was measured during laser irradiation. A diode laser with a continuous wave output power of up to 10 W and a wavelength of 990 nm was used to heat and ablate samples of agar gel doped with haemoglobin. The internal temperature of the tissue was measured at depths of 2 - 5 mm below the surface using a thermocouple. The temperature at the surface was measured remotely using an infra-red sensor (over an area 1.4 mm in diameter at the center of the interaction). This method of measurement provides an inexpensive alternative to thermal imaging cameras. Temperature changes in time during the interaction both at the tissue surface and as a function of tissue depth are presented. At the onset of tissue surface rupturing and subsequent tissue ablation the temperature at a depth of 2 mm was found to be 75 +/- 6 degree(s)C. At this time a temperature of 60 +/- 2 degree(s)C, high enough to cause tissue coagulation, had been reached to a depth of 3 mm. After 10 s of continuous tissue ablation, the temperature at a depth of 3.5 mm and beyond had not reached coagulation temperature. The surface temperature rose steadily during irradiation and reached a temperature of 100 degree(s)C at the time of rupturing of the tissue surface. During the subsequent tissue ablation the measured temperature increased rapidly, reaching a maximum of 250 +/- 30 degree(s)C within a further 10 s.


A simple spectrophotometric method for detection and quantification of adulteration of olive oil with sunflower, corn and soybean oils was developed. This was done by measuring the characteristics of the ab- sorption bands between 200 and 400 nm. It was found that max absorbance frequencies related to conju- gated diene and triene systems which characterize the chemical composition of sunflower, corn and soybean refined oils was a wave length 268 nm. In order to quantify the adulteration; synthetic mixtures were made by 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 25%, 50% and 75% percents for each of the sunflower, corn and soybean oil in olive oil and the absorbance of each solution was measured at 268 nm against isooctane as a blank. Calibration curves were constructed and rational equations were obtained enabling detection and quantification of adulteration. The minimum detectable present of the examined oils in olive oil was 0.5%. This amount is very acceptable since blow it adulteration will be useless without any meaning.


Understanding the dynamics of vehicular traffic is important to planning and improving shared public roadways, not only to effectively and efficiently facilitate the controlled movement of vehicles, but also to guarantee the safety of individuals in the vehicles. Because data from real-world traffic is difficult to measure, and conducting replicated experiments on humans has ethical and economical questions, selecting the best scheme out of the proposed vehicular traffic controls has been confined only through simulation. We present the result of our microsimulation study on the effects of six traffic schemes T={t0, t1, ..., t5} on the mean total delay time (Δ) and mean speed (Σ) of vehicles at the non-signalized Bicutan Roundabout (BR) in Upper Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, with t0 as the current traffic scheme being enforced and ti>0 as the proposed ones. We present first that our simulation approach, a hybridized multi-agent system (MAS) with the car-following and lane-changing models (CLM), can mimic the current observed traffic scenario C at a statistical significance of α=0.05. That is, the respective absolute differences of the Δ and Σ between C and t0 are not statistically different from zero. Next, using our MAS-CLM, we simulated all proposed ti>0 and compared their respective Δ and Σ. We found out using DMRT that the best traffic scheme is t3 (i.e., when we converted the bi-directional 4-lane PNR-PNCC road into a bi-directional 1-lane PNR-to-PNCC and 3-lane PNCC-to-PNR routes during rush hours). Then, we experimented on converting BR into a signalized junction and re-implemented all t3 with controlled stops of S={15s, 45s}. We found out that t3 with a 15-s stop has the best performance. Finally, we simulated the effect of increased in vehicular volume V due to traffic improvement and we found out that t3 with 15-s stop still outperforms the others for all increased in V={10%, 50%, 100%}. Keywords - microsimulation, MAS, CLM, vehicular traffic, Bicutan Roundabout


In this paper we prove that a space X is with a locally countable sn-network (resp., weak base) if and only if it is a compact-covering (resp., compact-covering quotient) compact and ss-image of a metric space, if and only if it is a sequentially-quotient (resp., quotient) πand ss-image of a metric space, which gives a new characterization of spaces with locally countable sn-networks (or weak bases).


The observations of a ceramist about the medium of ceramics in colleges where they are often confronted with the question of making a living at art, are presented. According to the author, having specific goals can make the journey as an artist smoother and more enjoyable for the practitioner and their partners and family.


The authorship of artwork greatly affects its value. For this reason, authentication in art is a complex and sometimes contentious process. This paper examines the history of art authentication, due diligence to ensure that purchasers are not buying forgeries, complex cases without clear-cut answers, and legal tools available to buyers after a forgery has been purchased.


SUMMARY

The yellow flesh of Dioscorea cayenensis, a principal yam of Africa, was found to contain xanthophyll esters as the principal pigments. These included neoxanthin, violaxanthin and auroxanthin. In addition β-carotene, or pro-vitamin A was found in small quantities. Measurements show that D. cayenensis is a fair source of this nutrient.


A new circularly polarized patch antenna is proposed with an integrated lens in the substrate. The role of the lens position is numerically investigated for a given lens model and some complementary parametric studies are led. Either right handed- or left handed-circular polarization can be achieved. An experimental setup is developed and presented.


Zhejiang Business Technology Institute and Younger Group have been cooperating for six years. We adhere to the schooling mode of overall cooperation, thorough participation and long-term or short-term training and the educational idea of behaving well, focusing on skills and meeting enterprises' requirements, thus cultivating thousands of professional talents.


Its virulence and ability to spread rapidly throughout the world by various means establishes Phytophthora as one of the most important groups of plant pathogens. Discoveries of interspecific hybridization among Phytophthora species in nature, which could yield novel pathogens, further underscore the threat posed by members of this genus. The ability to accurately and rapidly identify the causal agent of a disease is crucial for developing effective regulatory and disease management strategies, and facilitates the monitoring of changes in pathogen communities as they respond to agricultural practices and environmental changes. The Phytophthora database (PD) (httpwww.phytophthoradb.org) project was initiated in 2005 to enhance our capability of rapid detection and diagnosis of Phytophthora spp. by archiving genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Phytophthora in a highly integrative cyber infrastructure that can easily be accessed and searched.


Cave sets the example of extreme ecological niche and habitat for diversified microorganisms. Present study involved in the isolation of endoxylanase producing novel strain Bacillus velezensis AG20 from the Krem Phyllut cave, Meghalaya, India. Culture dependent studies, molecular phylogentics, RNA secondary folding pattern based on 16S rDNA substantiated the identity of this novel strain. Bacillus velezensis AG20 revealed the superbug quality having resistance against various class of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Bacillus velezensis AG20 revealed biofilm formation over the cell surface in FESEM. Highest cell biomass and xylanase production supported in TB medium, further purified partially to 5.3 fold with 21% yield. Molecular weight of the purified xylanase found to be 45 kDa. Enzyme kinetics and pattern of hydrolysis revealed the evidence for the selection of linear birchwood xylan with Vmax = 21.0 ± 3.0 U/ml, Km = 1.25 mg/ml, Kcat = 1.75/s at optimum pH 7 and temperature 50°C also found significant statistically in Taguchi's orthogonal design. Conversely, ruled out any exoacting activity against synthetic pNP-xylopyranoside substrate. Endo-xylanase isolated from Bacillus velezensis AG20 was moderately thermostable over temperatures 50 and 60°C. Time dependent hydrolysis of agro-waste sugar cane bagasse depicted the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) predominantly xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetrose. Purified mixed XOS hold their prebiotic potential by promoting the growth of probiotics Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus as well as high stability (~90%) against systemic fluids. Mixed XOS (300 μg/ml) displayed anti-proliferation activities by reducing the growth of HT-29 and Caco-2 cells significantly 90% and 75%, respectively, after 48 h. IMPORTANCE Extremophiles dwelling inside the caves have laden with the extraordinary capabilities of bioconversion by nature. The pristine ecological niche inside the cave, absence of proper light and air, supports the livelihood of novel microorganisms. In India, Meghalaya is hoisting longest caves in the East Khasi Hills, providing conducive environment for novel bacterial strains. With the prime objective of isolating novel bacterial strains that produce extracellular xylanase our studies have been carried out. Considering the present industrial demand for nutraceutical, prebiotics, anti-proliferating agents and biofuels by the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), novel enzymes are required. Xylanases from bacterial origin play a significant role in conversion of LCB into oligosaccharides. Therefore, exploration and characterization of xylanase producing novel isolate from cave may pave the new arena for the production of prebiotic and anti-inflammatory oligosaccharides from agro-waste.


Recently lanthanides have been used in bio-applications such as bioimaging and diagnosis due to its higher photostability and stronger luminescence. The LaVO4:Tb/ LaF3:Tb nanoparticles were synthesized by citrate co-precipitation method. The capsules were prepared by using three polymers [Poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), Poly (styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and polyethyleneimine (PEI)] incorporated with nanoparticle. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, photoluminescent spectroscopy, SEM, TEM and confocal laser microscopy. XRD confirmed LaVO4:Tb/LaF3:Tb nanoparticles of size 20.4nm and 4.678nm respectively. TEM and SEM images confirmed a hollow spherical polymer capsule structure with 56μm in size. The optical property of LaVO4:Tb/LaF3:Tb nanoparticles were studied using photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and confocal laser microscopy at 488nm. In vitro cytotoxicity studies of these nanoparticles loaded capsules showed less/no cytotoxicity in comparison to the blank. Cellular uptake studies showed the uptake efficiency of capsules in HeLa cell line. The results have confirmed the biocompatibility and cellular internalization potential of LaVO4:Tb /LaF3:Tb (5%) nanoparticles-loaded capsules, which can be used as a suitable candidate for bioimaging and diagnostic applications.


Despite decades of policies and international efforts aimed at reducing fertility in sub-Saharan Africa, the total fertility rate remains above five births per woman in most countries. Prior studies of fertility decline in the region have mostly focused on the role played by high child mortality, contraceptive use, educational attainment, and socioeconomic development, among other factors. We examine the hypothesis that high levels of divorce and remarriage are a previously unidentified barrier to fertility decline in the region. We hypothesize that new unions create a demand for new births to the couple, independent of prior fertility. In this paper, we will first use cross-national data from the Demographic and Health Survey to examine whether countries with a higher average number of unions per woman are also more likely to have higher fertility rates, controlling for other national characteristics. Then, we will use 14 years of observation from the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health to examine whether women who recently entered a new union are more likely to have a birth than women in ongoing partnerships. Divorce as a Barrier to Fertility Decline in Sub-Saharan Africa Monica Grant and Hans-Peter Kohler The demographic transition in developing countries during the second half to the 20th century is widely considered a "success story". And yet, despite the undoubted successes of global mortality and fertility declines, and the resulting recent declines in the rate of global population growth, the demographic transition remains an unfinished success story. Today, high fertility countries are concentrated in Africa, where 39 out of the 55 countries on the continent have high fertility. In light of these trends, a new literature is emerging that emphasizes the "unfinished agenda" of family planning programs (Cleland et al. 2006) or the causes of stalled fertility transitions (Bongaarts 2006, 2008; Ezeh et al. 2009) in the region. These explanations, however, do not provide a compelling understanding for the divergences of fertility declines across subSaharan Africa. We posit that high levels of divorce and remarriage are a previously unidentified barrier to fertility decline in the region. We hypothesize that new unions create a demand for new births to the couple, independent of prior fertility. In this paper, we will first use cross-national data from the Demographic and Health Survey to examine whether countries with a higher average number of unions per woman are also more likely to have higher fertility rates, controlling for other national characteristics. Then, we will use 14 years of observation from the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health to examine whether women who recently entered a new union are more likely to have a birth than women in ongoing partnerships. Background Continued high fertility, such as in Niger or Nigeria, or stalls in fertility declines during the last decade, such as in Kenya, have been attributed to a reduced pace (or lack of) economic development, continued high levels of desired fertility, relatively low levels of contraceptive use (possibly as a result of reduced and/or inadequate resources devoted to family planning programs), and relatively high levels of mortality (in part, but not only, as a result of the HIV/AIDS epidemic) (Bongaarts 2006, 2008; Bongaarts and Casterline 2015; Ezeh et al. 2009). Many of these analyses call for a renewed emphasis on family planning programs. Despite a possible renewed interest in the expansion of family planning programs (Cleland et al 2006), recent research suggests that couples and marriage dynamics might be central to changing fertility levels. For example, Ashraf et al. (2010) find that women in Zambia who were given access to birth control individually, rather than in the presence of their husbands, were 23% more likely to visit a family planning nurse and 28% more likely to receive a concealable form of birth control, leading to a 57% reduction in unwanted births. In addition, providing cheaper and more convenient forms of birth control through a voucher program led to a reduction in unwanted births only when women were also given full autonomy over accessing these new methods. Specifically, using comparisons that approximate the impact of lowering barriers to accessing modern contraceptives while maintaining family planning policies that limit women's autonomy over these methods, such as through de facto spousal consent requirements that are still in place in much of SSA, Ashraf et al. (2010) find higher contraceptive use, but not a decline in unwanted fertility, in response to the program. Hence, it seems that the intervention primarily changed contraceptive use among women who were already fairly successful in preventing unwanted fertility. The findings by Ashraf et al. (2010) hence suggest that excess fertility in settings such as Zambia is not necessarily driven by the high cost of birth control; instead, unwanted fertility might be reduced by technologies or policies that shift control of fertility control from men to women. The dynamics within marriages not only affect the negotiation of contraceptive use, but also the demand for children. The literature on childbearing across multiple partnerships, developed with industrialized countries in mind, provides an intriguing perspective on this issue. A wide range of studies from across Europe, North America, and Australia have found that the probability of a new birth increases for couples within a new partnership independent of either partner's prior fertility (e.g. Thomson et al 2014; Thomson etc.). Births within a new partnership have a unique value, demonstrating the couple's commitment and creating a shared family. In sub-Saharan Africa, the importance of such births may be magnified given the role of childbearing in many traditional marriage processes, the contribution of children to the lineage, and persistent pronatalist attitudes. The common practice of child fostering further facilitates fertility within new unions, as children from prior unions can be sent to live with other relatives (Grant and Yeatman 2014). This issue is further complicated by the dearth of information about divorce and remarriage in sub-Saharan Africa, despite estimates that 30 to 50 percent of marriages are expected to end in divorce (Lesthaeghe 1989; Locoh and Thiriat 1995; Tilson and Larson 2000; Reniers 2003). In this paper, we therefore develop new and novel hypotheses for stalled fertility declines, or fertility declines that have been slow in its onset and pace. Specifically, we argue that high levels of divorce and remarriage are a previously unidentified barrier to fertility decline in the region. We believe that countries with high fertility may also be characterized by high partnership turnover—operationalized here as the average number of unions per woman— although this pattern is likely to be stronger in some countries than in others due to other country-level characteristics. We also hypothesize that women in new unions will be more likely than other women to have a recent birth, independent of the number of previous births, and that this relationship may be stronger in communities with a higher prevalence of divorce or remarriage. We investigate the micro-level associations using longitudinal data from Malawi, a country where the majority of marriages are estimated to end in divorce and remarriage is expected (Reniers 2003; Kaler 2004; Grant and Soler-Hampejsek 2014). Data and Methods In this paper, we will use data from two sources to examine whether divorce and remarriage serve as barriers to fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa. In the first part of the analysis, we use cross-national data from the Demographic and Health Survey to examine whether countries with a higher average number of unions per woman are also more likely to have higher fertility rates, controlling for other national characteristics. We will use the most recent survey from the 34 African countries in which a Demographic and Health Survey has been conducted since 2005. In order to increase our statistical power, we will conduct all analyses at the district level within countries. The analysis will use linear regressions with country fixed effects to examine the total fertility rate at the district level. Our key explanatory variable is the average number of unions per woman aged 30-45, standardized by age. We will also control for other district-level characteristics, such as percent urban, average years of schooling attained, contraceptive prevalence, and child mortality, as well as an indicator of region within sub-Saharan Africa. In addition to this analysis at the district-level, we will also use 14 years of observations from the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH) to examine whether women who recently entered a new union are more likely to have a birth than women in ongoing partnerships. The MLSFH collected data in 1998, 2001, 2004, 2008, 2010, and 2012. The original survey followed 1,532 ever married women aged 15-49 and their spouses. Beginning in 2001, all new spouses of the original men and women were added to the sample. The sample was also supplemented in 2004 with the addition of approximately 1,000 15-24 year olds. In total, the MLSFH provides longitudinal observations for more than 2,500 women. In the second analysis, we will focus on births in the past two years. Depending on the survey round, recent births will be identified directly from questions about recent fertility or indirectly from the household rosters. Our key explanatory variable is unions that began within the past two years, identified from the marriage history module. We will also control for other individual and couple-level characteristics that may influence recent fertility, including maternal age, prior fertility, child mortality, educational attainment, household wealth, and h


Cell–cell contact control of proliferation and migration (also know as contact inhibition) are fundamental protectors of tissue architecture and homeostasis:[1] Their loss, and consequently tissue architecture loss, are key factors in cancer initiation.[2] A complex and context-dependent interaction between p53 and HIPPO signaling pathways maintains this tissue architectural homeostasis,[3] which is synchronized by cell–cell contact, cell polarity and cell-extracellular matrix interactions.[4] The polysaccharide hyaluronan is emerging as a central extracellular matrix factor connecting these two pathways to tumor resistance or susceptibility. Hyaluronan is a simplemolecule that encodes functional complexity in its size: its native form generally opposes the signaling activity of fragmented polymers:[5] Native hyaluronan suppresses inflammation, while fragments promote inflammation.[6] The elevated production and fragmentation of hyaluronan is linked to the progression of many tumors.[7] However, study of the tumorresistant naked mole rat reveals native hyaluronan as essential for controlling cell–cell contact inhibition of growth and tumor resistance.[8] Ooki and Hatakeyama and co-workers originally showed that native hyaluronan is a HIPPO pathway ligand,[9] and their timely review in this issue of BioEssays highlights their own and other studies linking hyaluronan receptors (CD44 and RHAMM/HMMR) to HIPPO regulation. The authors succinctly summarize the complex HIPPO signaling pathway and clearly detail the size-dependent functions of the hyaluronan polymer that contribute to cancer initiation versus suppression, particularly as they relate to HIPPO signaling. This focus is novel, both in the fields of hyaluronan biology and more broadly tumor biology. However, some readers will feel that the authors should have included a discussion of the intricate connections between the HIPPO and p53 pathways, particularly those mediated by hyaluronan. For example, Tian et al.[10] recently showed a critical role of hyaluronan in p53 signaling contact inhibition, while others have demonstrated that expression of CD44 and RHAMM, which mediate effects of hyaluronan,[5] are both subject to p53 regulation[11] and participate in the HIPPO signaling pathway.[12]


This amount exceeds theunbound concentration by a factor of 50,000. If membranetransport draws only on unbound fatty acid in plasma, twoconclusions necessarily follow: first, the unbound fatty acidpool must turn over very rapidly; and second, the membranetransport process must be extremely efficient. Most availabledata suggest that the unbound pool can, in fact, turn over fastenough to account for fatty acid uptake rates,


Qualitative research is an aristocracy among research methods. Being capable to reach the understanding of events so deep and individual that unattainable for quantification, it requires the same level of capacities from an investigator. In cardiology, biomedical in her origins, novel patient-centered paradigm demands new understanding of the relevance: the relation of scientific findings with clinical application, which, from this point of view, involves the person's biopsychocultural wholeness. Essential controversy originates from the positivistic impossibility of generalization of qualitative findings, and their broadly assumed fallibility. The results of a study depend on the personality of researcher: the interpreter. If such personality, being invited to another person's realm, is not enough virtuous, the results of research will be vain. This article focuses on the need and possibility of implementation qualitative research to cardiovascular science on the way to patientcentered paradigm of healthcare. Some argumentation provided, as some literary review of recent qualitative trials in cardiovascular field.


Abstract Previous hypotheses of relationships within Dioon Lindl. indicated the presence of two large clades within the genus. However, relationships among species still remained unresolved. In this study, molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed with individual and combined data sets from the ITS region of the ribosomal DNA and the trnL–F region of the chloroplast DNA. To explore whether indels were a source of phylogenetically informative characters, indels were analyzed by excluding them from the analyses (Coding A); including them as ambiguous data (Coding B); as multistate (Coding C) and as binary characters (Coding D). We found that the rate of mutation in the ITS region is appropriate to solve most relationships at the species level. This is in contrast with the trnL–F rgion, which showed little variation. Our results show that most clades obtained during analyses correspond with previously recognized species within Dioon. This phylogeny groups the genus into two main clades that show clear biogeographic relationships between the species occurring along the Pacific Sierra Madre Occidental and the Atlantic Sierra Madre Oriental.


pH - triggered structural change of polymer micelles composed of poly ( methacrylic acid )- block - poly ( 2 - bromethyl methacrylate ) ( PMAA - b PBrEMA ) was investigated with anomalous small - angle X - ray scattering ( ASAXS ) near the Br K edge. ASAXS revealed that the size of the hydrophobic core and the aggregation number of PMAA - b - PBrEMA micelles drastically decreased with an increase in the pH from 4.8 to 12.5. It was concluded that the drastic reduction of the size of PMAA - b - PBrEMA micelles in alkaline conditions was caused by the reduced electrostatic repulsion between anionic PAA chains in the corona layer of the micelles.


Although philosophers and other intellectuals have always reflected on politics, by which I mean the power-relations existing in all human societies, the need for explicit mass political education was only felt in special circumstances. The major examples of these special circumstances that come to mind are two. In the first place, the need to impart a general political education, which was called 'civics', was felt in countries which received a large number of emigrants from other countries with different political system, e.g. in the United States of America, with its system of liberal capitalism, the political education of new corners from the authoritarian agrarian societies of Czarist Russia or Bourbon Sicily, was felt to be a necessity. In the second place, newly-established regimes which placed themselves in radical opposition to previously established systems, like the Nazi regime or the Communist regime in Germany felt a similar need. But, in other circumstances, where there was a basically uncontested power-structure, explicit political education was not given, especially when there was also an established religion of the State. However, in these circum stances also, a political education was given; only it was not very visible, through its being implicit. The fact that political education is always going on in any society should perhaps be stressed for it to be clear that the choice concerning any education whatever is not whether it should be political or not, but whether it should be explicitly or implicitly political. It is not difficult to see why all education is political. In the first place, the study of any subject be it mathematics, administration, or poetry involves learning a language, in the wide sense of the word. Any learning is never just of brute facts, or of mere skills in doing or making things. It always involves learning a certain mode of communication a special kind of language, a particular system of using signs. The acquisition of any kind C?f knowledge implies two things: an attitude towards the


The latest high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard introduces a large number of inter-mode block partitioning modes. The HEVC reference test model (HM) uses partially exhaustive tree-structured mode selection, which still explores a large number of prediction unit (PU) modes for a coding unit (CU). This impacts on encoding time rise which deprives a number of electronic devices having limited processing resources to use various features of HEVC. By analyzing the homogeneity, residual, and different statistical correlation among modes, many researchers speed-up the encoding process through the number of PU mode reduction. However, these approaches could not demonstrate the similar rate-distortion (RD) performance with the HM due to their dependency on existing Lagrangian cost function (LCF) within the HEVC framework. In this paper, to avoid the complete dependency on LCF in the initial phase, we exploit visual sensitive foreground motion and spatial salient metric (FMSSM) in a block. To capture its motion and saliency features, we use the dynamic background and visual saliency modeling, respectively. According to the FMSSM values, a subset of PU modes is then explored for encoding the CU. This preprocessing phase is independent from the existing LCF. As the proposed coding technique further reduces the number of PU modes using two simple criteria (i.e., motion and saliency), it outperforms the HM in terms of encoding time reduction. As it also encodes the uncovered and static background areas using the dynamic background frame as a substituted reference frame, it does not sacrifice quality. Tested results reveal that the proposed method achieves 32% average encoding time reduction of the HM without any quality loss for a wide range of videos.


Three metal-organic frameworks, [Eu(C10H6N3O5)3(H2O)2] · H2O (1), [Tb(C10H6N3O5)3(H2O)2] · H2O (2), and [Cd(C10H6N3O5)2Cl2] (3) based on T-shaped tripodal ligands 3-(4,5-dicarboxy-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine-1-oxide and 4-(4,5-dicarboxy-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine-1-oxide (H3DCImPyO), have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The diverse coordination modes of H3DCImPyO ligands have afforded the three compounds. Complexes 1 and 2 are isomers and the Ln (Ln = Eu or Tb) atoms have coordination number eight with a distorted square prism geometry. The partly deprotonated H2DCImPyO− ligands display three different coordination modes to link Ln (Ln = Tb or Eu) into 1-D double chains. In 3, Cd(II) lies on an inversion center and displays a slightly distorted octahedral coordination. All three compounds exhibit strong fluorescent emissions in the solid state at room temperature.


We present a novel scheme for digital steganography of point-sampled geometry in the spatial domain. Our algorithm is inspired by the concepts proposed by Cayre and Macq for 3D polygonal models. It employs a principal component analysis (PCA), resulting in a blind approach. We validate our scheme with various model complexities in terms of capacity, complexity, visibility, and security. This scheme is robust against translation, rotation, and scaling operations. It is fast and can achieve high data capacity with insignificant visual distortion in the stego models.


Sleep disorder is common in epilepsy. With a recent rapid development in sleep medicine, it has been increasingly recognized that anti‐seizure therapies, either anti‐seizure medications (ASMs) or non‐pharmaceutical approaches, can take direct or indirect influence on sleep in patients with epilepsy. Here, we systematically review the effect of anti‐seizure treatments on sleep. ASMs targeting at different sites exerted various effects on both sleep structure and sleep quality. Non‐pharmaceutical treatments including resective surgery, ketogenic diet, and transcranial magnetic stimulation appear to have a positive effect on sleep, while vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and brain‐responsive neurostimulation are likely to interrupt sleep and exacerbate sleep‐disordered breathing. The potential mechanisms underlying how non‐pharmacological approaches affect sleep are also discussed. The limitation of most studies is that they were largely based on small cohorts by short‐term observations. Further well‐designed and large‐scale investigations in this field are warranted. Understanding the effect of anti‐seizure therapies on sleep can guide clinicians to optimize epilepsy treatment in the future.


In order to improve the teaching effect of the Helmsman Manipulation course, the Helmsman Manipulation course was analyzed. According to the characteristics of the high-performance teaching method, twelve high-performance teaching links of the Helmsman Manipulation course were designed, moreover, the effects of the application in the Helmsman Manipulation course were evaluated either. The evaluation results show that the highperformance teaching method can significantly improve the teaching performance, specifically in aspects of forming a virtuous circle, enable students to accumulate experience, forming a positive steering concept, and having important application value in the warship steering class.


The invention discloses a compound gas mixing device for a coal mine. The gas mixing device comprises an ejector, an air distribution system, a gas distribution system, a mixed gas conveying system and a main control unit; the air distribution system comprise an air parameter collecting system arranged on an air pipeline and an air parameter adjusting system; the gas distribution system comprises a gas parameter collecting system arranged on a gas pipeline and a gas parameter adjusting system; the mixed gas conveying system comprises a mixed gas parameter collecting system; and the main control unit is used for receiving data signals from the air parameter collecting system, the gas parameter collecting system and the mixed gas parameter collecting system and sending command signals to the air parameter adjusting system and the gas parameter adjusting system. The invention can continuously convey distribution gas in large quantity or variable quantity in real-time according to downstream requirements, thereby avoiding the fluctuation of gas flow and pressure, providing stable and high-precision distributed gas source for downstream devices, and guaranteeing the normal operation, economical efficiency and safety production of the device.


Online games have many players they can purchase game money and online game have ecosystems from real money trading players get the money officially. The reason behind in raising gold farming groups is unofficial market of real money trading. Gold farming groups also called as GFGs. GFGs is a directly impact on real world and cyber. MMORPGs (massively multiplayer online role playing games)is one of the most interesting cyber economics reason is massive nature of game. GFGs detect gold farmersd.GFG is technique to hide. That is concealing cyber money, front organization and changing trade pattern all those thing happen when online game providers ban GFGs. We build third to trace the gold farming groups and also analyze their behavior. Keywords— User behavior analysis, sequence-analysis, MMORPG, Game BOT, GFG


It is pointed out that the so-called "hyperfine interaction" between the magnetic moment of a nucleus and the spins of the surrounding electrons is completely classical in origin. Quantum mechanics is irrelevant and not necessary to the understanding of this coupling. A simple derivation, based only on classical static magnetism, is given of Fermi's formula for the interaction energy.


Predicting the future performance of a geothermal reservoir and planning a strategy for increasing productivity from the reservoir require an intimate knowledge of the fracture system through which geothermal fluids permeate. Microearthquakes often accompany hydraulic fracturing as well as normal production activities in geothermal fields. The waveforms from the se microearthquakes provide valuable information that can be used to infer the three-dimensional structure of the fracture system in the reservoir. The locations of the microearthquakes can be used to infer the presence of large fractures along which shear slip has occurred. Tomographic imaging using arrival times of the seismic waves, provides a three-dimensional image of the P and S wave velocity structure of the reservoir. These velocities yield information about the presence of microfractures in the rock. Waveform stacking methods can be used to both corroborate seismic velocities and image seismic scatters in the reservoir. The most prominent seismic scatters are likely to be fluid-filled fractures. Thus, seismic data provide information about a fractures over a large scale range which can be of use in reservoir engineering. 32 refs., 4 figs.


This study extends previous investigation on ohmic heating of magnetohydrodynamic viscous fluid flow over a continuous moving plate to include radiative heat-loss, viscous dissipation and buoyancy effects. The mathematical formulation representing the modified physical model involves a system of three partial differential equations, which are transformed into a system of two coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations using suitable dimensionless variables. Thereafter, the resulting dimensionless system of equations governing modified model are solved via Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). The accuracy and convergence of solutions are validated by comparing the results obtained with those in literature and they are in good agreement. Parametric study is performed to illustrate the effects of emerging parameters on fluid velocity and temperature, skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number. It is found that the impacts of pertinent parameters due to the extensions are significant and these are presented in graphs and tables. The results indicate that the skin friction coefficient and the heat transfer rate increase with the increasing values of thermal radiation and decrease with the increasing value of viscous dissipation parameter.


We use a computational methodology to incorporate endogenous horizontal differentiation into a dynamic stochastic model of quality investment under duopolistic competition. Vertical differentiation takes the form of a quality ladder; horizontal differentiation is Hotelling competition. We first solve analytically for the Markov-perfect equilibria in a model with no quality investment and deterministic transitions in horizontal differentiation. We then use the Pakes-McGuire algorithm to compute equilibria when both horizontal and vertical differentiation are endogenous. Multiple equilibria are sometimes observed – we draw on the results of our deterministic model to argue for uniqueness in certain ranges of the parameters. Within these ranges we analyze the effects on the industry's long-run innovation rate of changes in: (a) consumer transport costs, and (b) the costs of horizontal differentiation. More competition in the form of lower transport costs may have a U-shaped effect on innovation, rather than the inverse-U reported in earlier studies. The effect of less costly horizontal differentiation depends on the degree of consumer taste heterogeneity. Less costly differentiation raises innovation if taste heterogeneity is high, and lowers it otherwise. ∗We are grateful for helpful comments to seminar participants at Texas and Texas


In the present study the dried leaf powder of Lowsania inermis was extracted with acetone and evaluated against the first, second and third nymphal stages of Pediculus humanus capitis. The L. inermis extract was tested for pediculocial activity by filter paper diffusion method. Samples of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5ml from stock solution were dissolved in 100ml of distilled water to make different concentrations like 100 to 500ppm and each concentration was applied to filter paper (whatman No.1) for antipediculus bioassay. After 18 hours the mortality was calculated. From the morality values observed LC50 and LC90 values were 122.959, 312.539 ppm for first nymphal stage; 171.151, 370.149 ppm for second nymphal stage; 214.458, 369.575 ppm for third nymphal stage respectively. The phytochemical constituents of L. inermis was evaluated by GC-MS shows the presence of 20 different compounds with various molecular weight and retention time. The results obtained suggest that the acetone leaf extract of L. inermis promising as licicidal activity against P. humanus capitis. The secondary metabolites which are present in L. inermis extract were jointly or synergistically causes the licicidal effect against P. humanus capitis.


The filter function of Cristaria plicata Leach was studied in open air tanks of 16m3 during July of 2004.The results indicated that mussel filter had great effects on the transparency of water column,changed from 21cm to 47cm in 4 days.The amount of phytoplankton in the tanks reduced rapidly,performed linear decline by days.The filter rate of Cristaria plicata Leach was about 1.848~2.357Lg -1h -1.And there was no difference between between two methods of fixed and suspended mussles.How to make use of mussles filter function would be studied in future.


COLOSSUS is a mainframe-based expert system jointly developed by Continuum Australia and GIO General Insurance Organization for the assessment of third-party claims. COLOSSUS has been in production for over two years and is accessible throughout all GIO regions in New South Wales, Australia. In this paper we describe the extension of COLOSSUS to cater for future economic loss to a claimant. Because of the diversity of knowledge sources in the insurance domain, we have adopted a highly interactive approach that requires successive user confirmations during a consultation. The practicality of our knowledge engineering approach is highlighted by examining several difficult issues. Design issues are also addressed with particular reference to clarity and ease of maintenance. An annotated report of a sample run is enclosed.


A program has been written in Fortran II which calculates the molal freezing or boiling point depression or elevation constants from conventional colligative or thermodynamic data input.


OBJECTIVE
To develop a reference statement for the appropriate management of mistakes in the general practice training environment.

METHOD
The setting was a series of focus groups held during workshops with The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners Training Program in the Northern Territory (NT). The participants included NT supervisors and registrars, and representatives of the Consumer Reference Group, Top End Division of General Practice.

RESULTS
A reference statement and mutually agreed list of duties for registrars, their supervisors and patients.

CONCLUSION
Mistakes are a part of the practice of medicine and can impact on everyone. An appropriate response and the opportunity to reflect and learn from the experience are important elements in minimising the adverse impact. We recommend that the issue of mistakes be considered a priority in the teaching of medicine.


Abstract This paper challenges the idea of a distinctly rural mission as helpful to thinking. Fresh Expressions are critiqued, along with the concept of a 'mixed economy', as the way forward for mission in rural areas. The complexities of contemporary rural life are addressed. The weakness of much of the rural Church, especially the Free Churches, is considered. Appropriate missional practices, including church planting, are pointed to as part of the future for the Church in rural areas.


Some related factors influencing explants callus rate in the process of cotton genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens were studied.The results showed that the optimal concentration of Kanamycin(Kan) was 50 mg/L or 75 mg/L,the ability of disseminating of Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 was more powerful,the optimal material of explant was hypocotyl of 7-days-old seedling,the pre-incubated hypocotyl explants before disseminated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens were more favorable to the formation of embryogenic callus,and the optimal period of disseminating was 3 minutes.


DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201400186 Si solar cells. This difference becomes more problematic during the scale up to larger size cells, because the total resistive power loss per unit area ( P R ) scales with the cell area. [ 17 ] P R is given by / / R S max 2 s max 2 S max 2 P R I A R J A A R AJ ( ) = = = , where R s is the series resistance in the device, A is the device area, I max and J max are the cell current and current density in the maximum power output respectively. This equation illustrates that the P R is proportional to the product of the series resistance and the area ( R s A ), which directly scales with the cell area. As a result, all the CNT/Si and graphene/Si solar cells with high effi ciency (>10%) reported in the literature are limited with very small junction area (<15 mm 2 ), while the cells with large junction area (≈50 mm 2 ) suffers from very poor effi ciencies (≈1.3%) ( Table 1 ). Besides the effi ciency, a drastic degradation of other device parameters is also observed with a scale-up of the junction-area. For example, Shi et al. reported that the fi ll factor decreased from 72% to 50% when the junction area of graphene/Si solar cells increased from 4.7 mm 2 to 14.5 mm 2 . [ 10 ] A similar reduction of fi ll factor from 45% to 38% was also observed in the scale up of organic solar cells from 2.4 mm 2 to 1.13 cm 2 . [ 18 ]


Abstract : Intense transient electromagnetic pulse fields may drive a ferromagnetic shield into saturation, thus reducing the shielding effectiveness of that shield. Often shielding computations ignore saturation effects due to the complexity of the equations. This memorandum reduces the complexity of the calculations by combining the approaches of several authors. The ferromagnetic material characteristics are incorporated directly into the field equations, amenable to computer solution. A math model of the material characteristics is presented. The magnetic permeability at a point in the ferromagnetic material is expressed as a function of H. The boundary conditions of the magnetic field equations in the time domain are developed. The numerical solution for the field emerging on the inside surface of an infinite sheet is accomplished by solving a differential equation subject to the boundary conditions. Certain approximations are indicated to simplify the calculations. The computer flow diagram is illustrated.


This study presents an analysis of the impact of mitigation on computer worm propagation in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETS). According to the recent DARPA BAA - defense against cyber attacks on MANETS (A.K. Ghosh 2004), "one of the most severe cyber threats is expected to be worms with arbitrary payload that can infect and saturate MANET-based networks on the order of seconds". Critical to the design of effective worm counter measures in MANET environments is an understanding of the propagation mechanisms and the performance of the mitigation technologies. This work aims to advance the security of these critical systems through increased knowledge of propagation mechanisms, performance and the effect of mitigation technologies. We present both analytic and simulation analysis of mitigation effectiveness. The ultimate goal of these studies is to develop an accurate set of performance requirements on mitigation techniques to minimize worm propagation in tactical, battlefield MANETS.


We demonstrate a means of detecting weak optical transitions in cold atoms that undergo cyclic routines with high sensitivity. The gain in sensitivity is made by probing atoms on alternate cycles leading to a regular modulation of the ground state atom population when at the resonance frequency. The atomic transition is identified by conducting a fast Fourier transform via algorithm or instrument. We find an enhancement of detection sensitivity compared to more conventional scanning methods of $\sim 20$ for the same sampling time, and can detect clock lines with fewer than $10^3$ atoms in a magneto-optical trap. We apply the method to the $(6s^{2})$ $ ^{1}S_{0} - (6s6p)$ $^{3}P_{0}$ clock transition in $^{171}$Yb and $^{173}$Yb. The ac-Stark shift of this line in $^{171}$Yb is measured to be 0.19(3) kHz$\cdot$W$^{-1}\cdot$m$^2$ at 556 nm.


In this paper, we consider a three-dimensional system of first-order viscoelasticity equations written with respect to displacement and stress tensor. This system contains convolution integrals of relaxation kernels with the solution of the direct problem. The direct problem is an initial-boundary value problem for the given system of integro-differential equations. In the inverse problem, it is required to determine the relaxation kernels if some components of the Fourier transform with respect to the variables $x_1$ and $x_2$ of the solution of the direct problem on the lateral boundaries of the region under consideration are given. At the beginning, the method of reduction to integral equations and the subsequent application of the method of successive approximations are used to study the properties of the solution of the direct problem. To ensure a continuous solution, conditions for smoothness and consistency of initial and boundary data at the corner points of the domain are obtained. To solve the inverse problem by the method of characteristics, it is reduced to an equivalent closed system of integral equations of the Volterra type of the second kind with respect to the Fourier transform in the first two spatial variables $x_1$, $x_2$, for solution to direct problem and the unknowns of inverse problem. Further, to this system, written in the form of an operator equation, the method of contraction mappings in the space of continuous functions with a weighted exponential norm is applied. It is shown that with an appropriate choice of the parameter in the exponent, this operator is contractive in some ball, which is a subset of the class of continuous functions. Thus, we prove the global existence and uniqueness theorem for the solution of the stated problem.


Abstract The rate of breakdown of smoked sheet, pale crepe, and sprayed-latex rubber in a laboratory internal mixer is a minimum at temperatures around 240° F., and the rate may be increased as much as four- or five-fold by either raising or lowering the temperature 80° F. The high-temperature reaction (above 240° F.) probably is similar to the thermal oxidation which occurs when rubber is heated in air, since the rates of both reactions are increased by increasing the oxygen concentration, and they are reduced by adding antioxidants. The low-temperature reaction (below 240° F.) may involve a mechanical acti-vation of the rubber, as in milling. The rate of this reaction first increases and then remains constant or decreases slightly as the oxygen concentration in the temperature during mastication is increased from about 0.5% to 20% to 100%. Some nitroso compounds are powerful stiffeners of rubber, and they change the softness-retentivity relation, making it more like that of reclaim or semi-vulcanized ru...


Adolescence is a phase of life permeated by changes, challenges, experiences and diverse social expectations. Emotional, cognitive, social and corporal transformations are highlighted, as well as changes related to affective relationships and sexuality. This study presents as a research problem the "How the adolescents of a territory with situations of social vulnerabilities experience sexual and reproductive health". The object is the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents living in a territory of vulnerability. The justification is anchored in the importance of conducting studies that address sexuality and the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in a collective and participatory manner. The choice for conducting the participatory action research with adolescents was given at the request of the social educators and professionals of the Family Health Strategy (ESF). This is one that stands out as relevant for being able to trace the social and epidemiological diagnosis of the territory and, collectively, to be able to propose interventions that generate gain of quality of life to this social group. The literature points to studies that address sexuality and the reproductive and sexual right of the adolescent, but in none was it approached the inclusion of the social actors of the school environment and the FHS team giving the study the characteristic of participatory action research. The question that guides this study is: Is it possible to increase adolescents' knowledge about sexual and reproductive health through health interventions? The general objective is to know the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents who live in a territory of social vulnerability through Precede-procced. Specific objectives are: to analyze the social, epidemiological, behavioral and environmental, organizational and educational, political and administrative diagnoses of the territory where these adolescents live based on the Precede-proceed Model; Raise the diagnosis of the territory where these adolescents live based on the Precede Model - Proceed; Implement educational interventions with adolescents to manage their care in sexual and reproductive health; To evaluate the impact of the intervention on the knowledge of adolescents about sexual and reproductive health. Participants in this study were: adolescents 12 to 18 years of age from the 6th to 9th grade of the Tim Lopes Municipal School, located in the Santa Josefa neighborhood of the city of Paraiba do Sul - RJ. As methodology, the study is qualitative, of the case study type of constructivist orientation as a participatory approach. The method was Community Based Research: Precede - proceed. The instruments of data collection were: documentary research, questionnaire, World Cafe and Focal group. Data analysis was done through triangulation of data and categorization by thematic and methodological approach. The online wordle.net tool was used to analyze focus groups and the World Cafe. The final results presented social and health situation data, which are important diagnoses for planning the actions of the Family Health Strategy teams in partnership with the school and other sectors of civil society. The studied territory presents social vulnerabilities such as poverty, social inequality and the environmental risks to which the homes are exposed. Regarding the health indicators, it was verified that teenage pregnancy is a reality in this scenario, as well as the incidence of STDs such as syphilis. As final considerations the study demonstrated scientific relevance for future researches with the participatory approach that explore sexual and reproductive health issues and bring understanding of social, economic and cultural factors and their relationship with adolescents' behavior and experience in order to guide public health policies that account for reaching the population of adolescents living in situations of vulnerability


Although the quantity of oral agents is less than topical agents, oral therapies for acne vulgaris are as important as topical therapies in the present Chinese prescription drug market. As the need for clinicians to adopt an individualized therapeutic approach and topical agents are most commonly used for acne management, this article reviewed some new novel vehicle delivery advances that were poised to further enhance the effi cacy of topical acne formulations, and offered the possibility of simplifi ed dosing regimens that may improve treatment outcomes.


Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have an enormous potential for physiological studies. A novel protocol was developed combining the derivation of iPS from peripheral blood with an optimized directed differentiation to cardiomyocytes and a subsequent metabolic selection. The human iPS cells were retrovirally dedifferentiated from activated T cells. The subsequent optimized directed differentiation protocol yielded 30-45% cardiomyocytes at day 16 of differentiation. The derived cardiomyocytes expressed appropriate structural markers like cardiac troponin T, α-actinin and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2V). In a subsequent metabolic selection with lactate, the cardiomyocytes content could be increased to more than 90%. Loss of cardiomyocytes during metabolic selection were less than 50%, whereas alternative surface antibody-based selection procedures resulted in loss of up to 80% of cardiomyocytes. Electrophysiological characterization confirmed the typical cardiac features and the presence of ventricular, atrial and nodal-like action potentials within the derived cardiomyocyte population. Our combined and optimized protocol is highly robust and applicable for scalable cardiac differentiation. It provides a simple and cost-efficient method without expensive equipment for generating large numbers of highly purified, functional cardiomyocytes. It will further enhance the applicability of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine.


On top of the gradually-merging social layers of blue and white collar workers in the United States, there is, a very small social upper class which comprises at most 1% of the population and has a very diVerent life style from the rest of us. Members of this privileged class, according to sociological studies, live in secluded neighborhoods and wellguarded apartment complexes, send their children to private schools, announce their teenage daughters to the world by means of debutante teas and debutante balls, collect expensive art and antiques, play backgammon and dominoes at their exclusive clubs, and travel all around the world on their numerous vacations and junkets. There is also in America, an extremely distorted distribution of wealth and income. Throughout the twentieth century, the top 1% or so of wealth-holders have owned 25–30% of all wealth and 55–65% of the wealth that really counts, corporate stock in major businesses and banks. But even that is not the whole story, for a mere .1% have at least 19% of all the wealth in the country—190 times as much as they would have if everyone had an equal share. As for income, well, the maldistribution is not quite as bad. But one recent study argues that if income from capital gains is included, the top 1.5% of wealthholders receive 24% of yearly national income. And, as all studies on matters of wealth and income are quick to point out, these estimates are conservative. It is not hard for most of us to imagine that the social upper class uncovered in sociological research is made up of the top wealthholders revealed in wealth and income studies. However, it is not necessary to rely on our imaginations, for it is possible to do empirical studies linking the one group to the other. The Ž rst systematic studies along this line were reported by sociologist E. Digby Baltzell, but there have been others since. In most countries, and in most times past in our own country, it would be taken for granted that an upper class with a highly disproportionate amount of wealth and income is a ruling class with domination over the government. How else, it would have been argued, could a tiny group possess so much if it didn't have its hooks into government? But not so in the United States of today. This nation is diVerent, we


Psychiatria Danubina, 2022; Vol. 34, Suppl. 4, pp 29-877 S418 forward the ideological and political teaching mode of physical education in colleges and universities considering the psychology of the audience, in order to enhance the correct values of contemporary college students in college teaching. Subjects and methods: 500 college students were randomly divided into research group and control group. The students in the research group adopted the physical education curriculum education mode based on audience psychological and political teaching, while the students in the control group adopted the conventional physical education teaching mode. The self rating anxiety and depression scale was used to evaluate the anxiety and depression status of all students before and after teaching. The students' teaching results were reflected by the examination results of physical education courses, and the students' positive psychological changes were used to reflect the cultivation results of students' correct values. The differences between the two groups before and after teaching were compared and analyzed. Results: The anxiety and depression scores and performance differences between the two groups are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows that the change of anxiety and depression scores of the study group is more obvious than that of the control group, and it can be seen from the comparison of student performance after teaching that the performance of the study group is significantly higher than that of the control group. Table 1. Differences in anxiety and depression scores and scores between the two groups Project Anxiety score Depression score Sports performance Control group Before teaching 72.36±4.12 72.55±3.34 62.73±8.54 After teaching 68.46±4.01 67.15±3.97 71.57±8.32 Research group Before teaching 71.94±4.31 72.06±3.45 62.53±8.67 After teaching 49.47±3.67 47.13±3.75 81.86±8.72 Conclusions: In education, colleges and universities have gradually changed from the improvement of students' professional performance to the improvement of students' comprehensive ability. Among them, students' physical exercise has become the main course of college students' physical quality training. In order to deal with the unsatisfactory phenomenon of physical education in colleges and universities caused by students' negative emotions, the study proposes to use audience psychology to integrate ideological and political education into physical education, and evaluate students' values by analyzing the changes of students' negative emotions and positive psychological changes. The results show that the students' negative emotion score reduction effect and the positive psychological training effect are better than those under the conventional teaching. Therefore, in college teaching, the physical education teaching based on the cultivation of students' physical and mental quality can add the cultivation scheme of students' values, which will help students' future development.


Soil protection has never ranked high among the priorities for environmental protection in Europe. Soils are commonly not well known by the European citizens, particularly since only a small fraction of the European population is currently living in rural areas and having a direct contact with soils. The majority of the urban population in Europe has only little understanding for the features and functions of soils. The most common perception is that soils are good dumping sites for all kinds of wastes and that soil can be quite useful as surfaces for building houses and infrastructure. Having more data and information about soils in Europe can help in improving this situation. The establishment of an European Soil Data Centre by the European Commission in support of the new EU thematic strategy for soil protection can certainly contribute to raising awareness in the general public of the importance of soil protection.


The upscaling of self-healing mechanisms for concrete from simple laboratory experiments to full-size industrial applications remains a huge challenge. In the present work, the potential for upscaling of vascular self-healing is investigated. The vanes of the vascular system, should on one hand be strong enough to survive the rather aggressive concrete production conditions, i.e. casting and pouring, while on the other hand they should be brittle in order to break when a crack in the hardened concrete surpasses them in the hardened concrete. Until now, the search for suitable materials received most attention and often the influence of the geometry was neglected. This work the shape is altered in order to investigate its influence on the survivability of the system under real production conditions. For vascular systems, the vanes should be able to resist the high forces when concrete is poured onto it. A comparison between different shapes is made, i.e. circular, square, droplet and ellipsoidal (i.e. rugby-ball) shaped cross section. From this study it can be seen that the shape is a parameter that could help to survive the pouring process.


??The Parable of the of manager appearing in Luke 12:35-48 shows up the guidelines of leadership. A leader should set up right identity by the awareness as the servant called from God. At that time, he can endeavor for getting essential leadership through the realization who he is himself and what he is called as a leader for.
??The demand that should get ready for the end can be showed through the appearance of the servants waiting for the master coming back from a wedding feast in verse 35-40. Luke changes a master to 'he Son of Man'and says that being ready for an eschatological judgement is necessary with relation of parousi,a(the Second Coming) through the statment of the verse 40, "You also must be ready, because the Son of Man will come at an hour when you do not expect him."
??The faithful and wise manager in verse 41-44 gains his master's trust because he manages his work well on all such occasions like the verse, "he will put him in carge of all his possessions." The manager represented in verse 45-46 gives notice that he will deserve punishment because he beats servants and doesn't deal with his work. Finally, a distinction of judgement concerning the servant that doesn't get ready despite of understanding the will of the master and the servant that doesn't get ready without understanding the will of the master appeared in verse 47-48. In the verse 48b Luke suggests the importance of the judgement for the one that will be judged as man situated at the position of leader through the saying "From everyone who has been given much, much will be demanded and from the one who has been entrusted with much, much more will be asked." Through this kind of statement Luke demands that the leader who takes on the significant work should manage his work faithfully and wisely.


To the structure model of gun systems,a calculating method of Fault-Tolerant Upper-Lower Threshold of Fault Forecasting (FTULTFF) is constructed based on Covariance Control Theory (CCT).Firstly,the algorithm analyzes the fault mechanism data using the structure model of gun systems,and a calculating model of FTULTFF is given by CCT.Secondly,we have gotten the control algorithm of fault-tolerant upper-lower threshold interval and designed the chart of fault forecasting.Finally,a simulating example,which is to gun systems,shows that the fault-tolerant threshold model is effectively.Because it considers adequately the running state of systems and largely improved objectivity to given fault-tolerant threshold.All analyses indicate that the model is effectively.


"Now, more than ever, should be a wonderful time to be a customer", says Ian Golding, author of Customer What? a refreshing and practical ...


Lateral recess stenosis (LRS) is a characteristic type of lumbar spinal canal stenosis, with symptoms of nerve root compression. The most common etiology is hypertrophy of the superior articular process. Conventional laminectomy and medial facetectomy are commonly used to treat LRS. This study investigated microendoscopic posterior decompression for the treatment of LRS. Microendoscopic decompression was performed on 28 patients. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to calculate the lateral recess angle and depth. A 16 mm diameter tubular retractor and endoscopic system were used. Unilateral paramedian approaches were performed in all patients. Even using a unilateral paramedian approach, both sides of the nerve roots were decompressed in patients with bilateral radiculopathy. Preand postoperative status was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Patient's mean age was 62.9 years; there was single-level involvement, mostly at L4-5 (85.7%). Intraoperative findings revealed that the most common cause of nerve root compression was hypertrophy of the superior articular process and ligamentum flavum. VAS score improved in all patients following posterior decompression. Pre- and postoperative mean VAS scores were 6.5 and 1.1, respectively (P value < 0.01). No intra- or postoperative complications were observed during a mean follow-up of 10.5 months.


Catheter ablation of idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia in the pediatric population remains challenging. A recent multicenter study reported limited success with 14% not undergoing ablation due to inability to induce ventricular tachycardia (VT) or blood pressure instability during tachycardia. Creating complete or partial fascicular block with radiofrequency catheter ablation is a technique that may eliminate VT. This approach is performed during sinus rhythm, enabling atrioventricular conduction monitoring and maintaining stable hemodynamics. Importantly, induction of VT is not necessary for mapping or assessing efficacy of the procedure.


Homework assignments are have important role in learning process. In literature emphasizes that homework assignments do not attract students' attention and that students do homework assignment just for the sake of formality. It is concretely argued that assigned homework assignment should take into consideration students' preferences, interests, and needs. In this study, the "Homework Assignment Preference Scale" was developed to determine students' homework assignment preferences within the scope of a science course. A pilot study was conducted with 155 middle school students, and the main study was conducted with 924 middle school students. Exploratory factor analysis and principal components analysis were conducted to ensure the construct validity of the scale. Hierarchical cluster analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to confirm the emergent factor structures. Results showed that the scale was a valid and reliable tool.


We show that the algorithmic complexity of any classical algorithm written in a Turing-complete programming language polynomially bounds the number of quantum bits that are required to run and even symbolically execute the algorithm on a quantum computer. In particular, we show that any classical algorithm 𝐴 that runs in O( 𝑓 ( 𝑛 )) time and O( 𝑔 ( 𝑛 )) space requires no more than O( 𝑓 ( 𝑛 ) · 𝑔 ( 𝑛 )) quantum bits to execute, even symbolically, on a quantum computer. With O( 1 ) ≤ O( 𝑔 ( 𝑛 )) ≤ O( 𝑓 ( 𝑛 )) for all 𝑛 , the quantum bits required to execute 𝐴 may therefore not exceed O( 𝑓 ( 𝑛 ) 2 ) and may come down to O( 𝑓 ( 𝑛 )) if memory consumption by 𝐴 is bounded by a constant. Our construction works by encoding symbolic execution of machine code in a finite state machine over the satisfiability-modulo-theory (SMT) of bitvectors, for modeling CPU registers, and arrays of bitvectors, for modeling main memory. The FSM is linear in the size of the code, independent of execution time and space, and represents the reachable machine states for any given input. The FSM may be explored by bounded model checkers using SMT and SAT solvers as backend. However, for the purpose of this paper, we focus on quantum computing by unrolling and bit-blasting the FSM into (1) satisfiability-preserving quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) models targeting adiabatic forms of quantum computing such as quantum annealing, and (2) semantics-preserving quantum circuits (QCs) targeting gate-model quantum computers. Given a bound on 𝑛 , both QUBOs and QCs are generated in O( 𝑓 ( 𝑛 ) · 𝑔 ( 𝑛 )) time and space. From that we derive two major insights: (1) through our QUBOs and in particular their relatively compact size, real quantum annealers can now execute simple but real code even symbolically, yet only with potential but no guarantee for exponential speedup, and (2) through our QCs used as oracles, Grover's algorithm applies to symbolic execution of arbitrary code, guaranteeing at least in theory a quadratic speedup of symbolic execution on gate-model quantum computers.


Wind turbine yaw control plays an important role in increasing the wind turbine production and also in protecting the wind turbine. Accurate measurement of yaw angle is the basis of an effective wind turbine yaw controller. The accuracy of yaw angle measurement is affected significantly by the problem of zero-point shifting. Hence, it is essential to evaluate the zero-point shifting error on wind turbines on-line in order to improve the reliability of yaw angle measurement in real time. Particularly, qualitative evaluation of the zero-point shifting error could be useful for wind farm operators to realize prompt and cost-effective maintenance on yaw angle sensors. In the aim of qualitatively evaluating the zero-point shifting error, the yaw angle sensor zero-point shifting fault is firstly defined in this paper. A data-driven method is then proposed to detect the zero-point shifting fault based on Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data. The zero-point shifting fault is detected in the proposed method by analyzing the power performance under different yaw angles. The SCADA data are partitioned into different bins according to both wind speed and yaw angle in order to deeply evaluate the power performance. An indicator is proposed in this method for power performance evaluation under each yaw angle. The yaw angle with the largest indicator is considered as the yaw angle measurement error in our work. A zero-point shifting fault would trigger an alarm if the error is larger than a predefined threshold. Case studies from several actual wind farms proved the effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting zero-point shifting fault and also in improving the wind turbine performance. Results of the proposed method could be useful for wind farm operators to realize prompt adjustment if there exists a large error of yaw angle measurement.


Senior citizens in India facing a number of problems and challenges, but the situation are worse in case of elderly women. In the countries around the world people aged 60 years and above, comprise less than 20 percent of the population in 2000 which will become 32 percent by 2050. The elderly progression is also related to family system, literacy and income of the aged. Due to reduction in fertility rate and adoption of small family norms, there is enhance in the percentage of old dependents. Aged people are mostly facing the lot of problems like loneliness, health and economic problems. Those are particularly visible among the elderly women. The healthcare industry has seen significant transformations during the previous several decades. Following the historic Declaration of Alma Ata on primary health care, the government has endeavoured to make specific and systematic measures to enhance public health. Thus, India has made significant strides forward in social metrics such as life expectancy, neonatal and child mortality, and literacy levels in recent years. People in rural regions and the elderly, on the other hand, are disproportionately affected by infectious illnesses; malnutrition and chronic health issues continue to account for the majority of disease burden. Moreover, the aged women are subjected several problems which are specifically related to their socio-economic well-being. This study intends to analyse the socioeconomic and healthcare problems of elderly women in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu.


The distribution of formation pressure is complex in West Sichuan Basin.Because of the inaccurate prediction of formation pressure,the engineering problems,such as overflow,blowout,differential pressure sticking,often appear during the drilling.In order to reduce these complex engineering problems,it is very important to accurately predict the formation pressure.So in terms of the practical details,and the using of equivalent depth methods,we have found it in the using basic well logging that the prediction of formation pressure can come up to 10% in using density and acoustic log,but the precision of accurate prediction play down in using neutron and resistivity logging,meanwhile,it is not be predicted because the spontaneous potential logging can not establishion the exactly compaction trendline.So,density and acoustic log can predict the formation porosity pressure during the drilling.


Objective To understand the AIDS / STD-related knowledge,attitudes and behavior related to the initial assessment for students in AIDS / STD health education recent results.Methods Overall sampling methodology was used for 4000 students in the health education and health education were issued to the relevant questionnaire survey before and after 3-month.Results By interviewees health education than the former health education AIDS / STD knowledge improved significantly.Acceptable and HIV-infected patients,or to study,the health education of students living in the former increased to 41.32% after 68.09% of health education(P0.05).Acceptable and STD patients handshake,common utensils,STD patients in the study were students from the former health education 72.44%,64.38%,74.66% rising to 92.47% after the health education,87.32%,91.41%(P0.05).Conclusion Through special education,advocacy column,pamphlets,and other means,students in conducting AIDS / STD health education can play a good result.


In 2010–2011, the Nebraska History Museum featured two temporary exhibits: "We the People: the Nebraskan Viewpoint" and "Willa Cather: A Matter of Appearances." We argue the public memories of Brandon Teena and Willa Cather contained in the exhibits are distanced from regional politics when articulated alongside the nostalgic regionalist rhetoric of the Nebraska History Museum. Specifically, both exhibits not only discipline the memory of trans* performance within problematic material and symbolic contexts, but also place these memories within a rhetoric of regional optimism that has critical consequences for restricting counter-public formation. In performing this reading, the essay argues that critical regionalism has the potential to offer a nuanced perspective on the geopolitical dimensions of memory places by exploring understandings of the relationship between "local" and "national" commemoration at these sites.


Negative feedback fails to limit Src family kinase activity in the presence of Bcr-Abl, an oncoprotein that drives leukemia. When Negative Feedback Fails Bcr-Abl is a fusion protein with tyrosine kinase activity that causes some forms of leukemia. Bcr-Abl activates Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs), but resistance to drugs, such as dasatinib and imatinib, that target Bcr-Abl and SFKs limits their clinical usefulness. With global tyrosine phosphoproteomic analysis in a murine leukemia cell line model, Rubbi et al. identified several negative feedback mechanisms that limited SFK activity and showed that their effectiveness was blunted by Bcr-Abl. Sensitivity of human leukemia cell lines to imatinib correlated with the amount of negative feedback signaling to SFKs. By exploring the mechanisms by which Bcr-Abl overpowered the negative feedback, the authors identified potential therapeutic targets for treating leukemias resistant to Bcr-Abl and SFK inhibitors or that may be combined with these tyrosine kinase inhibitors to prevent the development of resistance. In subtypes and late stages of leukemias driven by the tyrosine kinase fusion protein Bcr-Abl, signaling by the Src family kinases (SFKs) critically contributes to the leukemic phenotype. We performed global tyrosine phosphoprofiling by quantitative mass spectrometry of Bcr-Abl–transformed cells in which the activities of the SFKs were perturbed to build a detailed context-dependent network of cancer signaling. Perturbation of the SFKs Lyn and Hck with genetics or inhibitors revealed Bcr-Abl downstream phosphorylation events either mediated by or independent of SFKs. We identified multiple negative feedback mechanisms within the network of signaling events affected by Bcr-Abl and SFKs and found that Bcr-Abl attenuated these inhibitory mechanisms. The C-terminal Src kinase (Csk)–binding protein Pag1 (also known as Cbp) and the tyrosine phosphatase Ptpn18 both mediated negative feedback to SFKs. We observed Bcr-Abl–mediated phosphorylation of the phosphatase Shp2 (Ptpn11), and this may contribute to the suppression of these negative feedback mechanisms to promote Bcr-Abl–activated SFK signaling. Csk and a kinase-deficient Csk mutant both produced similar globally repressive signaling consequences, suggesting a critical role for the adaptor protein function of Csk in its inhibition of Bcr-Abl and SFK signaling. The identified Bcr-Abl–activated SFK regulatory mechanisms are candidates for dysregulation during leukemia progression and acquisition of SFK-mediated drug resistance.


Bundle interventions are becoming increasingly used as patient safety interventions. The objective of this study was to describe and categorize which bundle interventions are used to reduce prescribing errors (PEs) and administration errors (AEs) in hospitalized children and to assess the quality of the published literature.


Objectives. The purpose of this study is to determine the prospects for the inclusion of the preimplantation
genetic diagnosis (PGD) procedure in the compulsory health insurance (CHI) program, taking into account
the cost characteristics of the procedure and the existing foreign experience in this field.
Material. The regulatory legal acts, the practice of the use of PGD in Russia, UK, Germany, Israel,
Netherlands, and USA are studied. Methods used: general philosophical, general scientific, private scientific
(statistical, mathematical and financial analysis, factor analysis method), special (structural-legal, comparativelegal, formal-legal).
Results. The prospects for the inclusion of the PGD procedure in the compulsory medical insurance
program are determined taking into account the cost characteristics of the procedure and the existing foreign
experience in this field. It has been established that the total cost of PGD during IVF as part of infertility
treatment consists mainly of the costs of the basic stages of IVF — among the total costs, the cost of IVF cycles
in this case is about 75%, while the cost of the study itself is about 20%, additional services and research — 5%.
In other cases, the main factors affecting the total cost of PGD will be the cost of embryo biopsy (about 25%),
molecular genetic research using the chosen method (about 70%), preliminary and subsequent genetic counseling
(about 5%). It has been proved that in order to provide normative support for such a step, it seems necessary to
differentiate the grounds for free PGD depending on the goals of diagnosis and research methods in each case.
Couples undergoing infertility treatment should be given the right to include such diagnostics in the package of
services available within a limited number of free cycles. The decision to conduct PGD should be made solely
on the basis of the results of medical genetic counseling and be completely voluntary.
Conclusions. The inclusion of the cost of PGD in the CHI programs to assess the risks of developing
genetically caused diseases and chromosomal abnormalities in fertile couples should be based on the development
of a single list of the most common genetically determined disorders, for which PGD can be performed free
of charge. In this case, each disease or chromosomal abnormality in the list should correspond to a specific
research method.


"This paper aims to show that our awareness and framing of normative problems varies considerably, when seen through the lens and vocabulary of "migration" or through that of "mobility". In order to do this I use two sets of studies: (1) on the one hand, studies focusing on the criticism of methodological nationalism; (2) on the other hand, studies developed in the wake of the "mobility turn". The epistemological criticism of methodological nationalism leads us to switch from "migration studies" towards "mobilities studies", and to propose other ways of allocating the rights and advantages usually associated with national citizenship."


Under Donald Trump, US federal drug policy has undergone a fairly dramatic reversal. The Obama administration's criticisms of the 'war on drugs' are gone, replaced by a seeming return to eradication policies in key drug producer countries. John Collins, Executive Director of the US Centre's International Drug Policy Unit, writes that the Trump administration's return to unilateral aggressive supply side ...


This paper presents and analyzes the opinion of 94 pre-school and primary education internship teachers about the use of non-face sessions and the influence of these strategies on their formation. Using a questionnaire as the main instrument, information about the non-face classes is obtained. The activities that the students developed more frequently are related to on-line work, analysis of documents and individual reports. The most valued competences are the autonomous work, the searching of information and the use of new technologies. The students establish a positive relationship between the use of these strategies and the improvement of their teachinglearning process. For this reason, several professors are thinking of using theses active methodologies in their courses.


Objective. To investigate the effi cacy of preoperative short term radiotherapy in patients with mobile rectal cancer undergoing TME surgery. Summary Background Data. Local recurrence is a major problem in rectal cancer treatment. Preoperative short term radiotherapy has shown to improve local control and survival in combination with conventional surgery. The TME trial investigated the value of this regimen in combination with total mesorectal excision (TME). Long term results are reported after a median follow-up of 6 years. Methods. 1861 patients with resectable rectal cancer were randomized between TME preceded by 5x5 Gy or TME alone. No chemotherapy was allowed. There was no age limit. Surgery, radiotherapy as well as pathological examination were standardized. Primary endpoint was local control. Results: Median follow-up of surviving patients was 6·1 years. Five year local recurrence risk of patients undergoing a macroscopically complete local resection was 5·6% in case of preoperative radiotherapy compared to 10.9% in patients undergoing TME alone (P < 0·001). Overall survival at 5 years was 64·2% and 63·5% respectively (P = 0·902). Subgroup analyses showed signifi cant eff ect of radiotherapy in reducing local recurrence risk for patients with nodal involvement, for patients with lesions between 5 and 10 centimetres from the anal verge, and for patients with uninvolved circumferential resection margins. Conclusions. With increasing follow-up, there is a persisting overall eff ect of preoperative short term radiotherapy on local control in patients with clinically resectable rectal cancer. However, there is no eff ect on overall survival. Since survival is mainly determined by distant metastases, eff orts should be directed towards preventing systemic disease. The randomized controlled TME trial after a median follow-up of 6 years 115


MXAimbot is a neural network-based tool, designed to automate the task of centering samples for macro-molecular X-ray crystallography experiments before exposing the sample to the beam. MXAimbot uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on a few thousands' images from an industrial vision camera pointed at the sample to predict suitable crystal centering for subsequent data collection. The motivation for this project is that the machine vision automated sample positioning allows X-ray laboratories and synchrotron beamlines to offer a more efficient alternative for the manual centering , which is time consuming and difficult to automate with conventional image analysis, and for the X-ray mesh scan centering , which can introduce radiation damage to the crystal. MXAimbot can be used to improve results of standard LUCID loop centering for fully automated data collection in fragment-screening campaigns. No need for sample rotation should be an additional advantage. A few original approaches and CNN architectures were tested by authors in [1,2]. They were using X-ray data from mesh scans and not relying on manual annotations. Finally for a current production a simpler method inspired by a DeepCentering approach from SPring-8, has been adopted. The original training dataset was manually annotated with bounding boxes around each crystal and the new CNN architecture is using the annotated data. MXAimbot can be used by other systems via a REST API. The next step for the project was including MXAimbot into MXCuBE3 - the common data acquisition framework at several European synchrotron facilities. This allows collection of anonymised datasets from the sample vision camera in the BioMAX beamline at the MAX IV synchrotron which can


Pinger tags have long been used as a method of tracking fish movements. Typically, tags are either fixed to fish manually using catch and release methods, or the fish are allowed to ingest the tags through the use of baited lines. In the study of tuna species, long lines fitted with pinger tags and bait provide researches with a fast and effective method of tagging targets. The fish are able to swallow the pinger tag and bait, without the need for risky catch and release. The downside to this method however, is that researches are unsure of the specific species of fish which ingests a given tag. A method of identifying specific tagged species is needed to relate the tracking information with species movements. This paper discusses the design and development of a prototype target photography system. The system employs off the shelf digital camera technology in a compact and easy to use system. The mechanical, electrical and control systems are reviewed in detail, along with operational requirements. Preliminary system results are also presented. Finally, the paper outlines future work and improvements.


A three-dimensional numerical model of bore against sheet-pile groin was illustrated.The governing equations were discredited by the finite volume method,and the Reynolds equations and the RNGκ-e turbulent model were solved by the pressure implicit splitting-operator(PISO)method.The position of free surface was obtained by using the volume of fluid(VOF)method.The model was verified by the flume experiment research with the comparison between the numerical results and experimental data in good agreement.The proposed model can be used to simulate the velocity vectors,free water surface,bore pressure of a groin:(1)The flow near the groin changes strongly with backwater,hydraulic jump and vortex behind the head of groin when the bore impacts the groin;(2)The pressure is much larger at the toe and root of groin on the impacted surface and the maximum pressure increases linearly with the bore height and the initial water depth respectively,while it decreases rapidly when the water permeability rate enlarges;(3)The pressure of front piles is larger at the root of groin,and it is linear distribution along the height with the maximum value at the initial water surface,and the maximum pressure increases quickly when the bore height accretes,while it has a rapid decrease when the water permeability rate enlarges,but it has little change under different initial depths.The maximum pressure of back piles is at the head and the top of groin.


Mullerian duct cyst is an uncommon congenital anomaly. It is usually small, asymptomatic, midline, cystic lesion, located behind the superior half of the prostatic urethra and connected to the verumontanum by a thin stalk. Rarely a mullerian duct cyst may be associated with renal agenesis and hypospadias. A case of mullerian duct cyst with unilateral renal agenesis and hypospadias is being reported. Keywords: Mullerian duct cyst; prostate; Ultrasound, CT Scan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging


2 Abstract: The paper focused on adoption of coccidiosis vaccines by poultry farmers in Ijebu-Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Specifically, the poultry farmers selected personal characteristics such as age, sex, religion, marital status, educational attainment, farm income and sources of credit were identified Their level of awareness and adoption of the coccidiosis vaccines were also determined. The relationship between adoption and the selected personal characteristics was established. The relationship between adoption and constraints to adoption was also established. Eighty eight (88) poultry farmers were selected through a stratified sampling method from six (06) local government councils using a pre-tested Questionnaire. Examination of the poultry farmer's personal characteristics revealed that 80.7 percent were male and is between age-range of thirty-one and fifty years. Sixty seven (67) percent were Christians while 98.9 percent had formal education. Almost forty one percent (40.9%) reared between 500 and 1000 birds while 29.5 percent reared above 1000 birds with farm income ranging from 25,000 to above N50, 000 per month. 88.6% are aware of coccidiosis vaccines, 83 percent had adopted and immuncox is the most commonly used ® (66.2%). The study revealed that age and sex were significantly related to adoption amongst other personal characteristics tested. The study also revealed that there is no significant relationship between adoption and constraints to adoption. Coccidiosis vaccines were found to have gained widespread acceptance among poultry farmers in Ijebu area of Ogun State, Nigeria. It was recommended that Unified Extension Agents in the area should facilitate the transfer of the technology and dissemination of information on coccidiosi s vaccines to both small and medium poultry farmers in the study areas. There should also be effectiv e extension services to small-scale commercial poultry farmers will enhance their productivity and eventually elevate them to large-scale level of production.