At first this paper summarizes the current situation and historical development of the spectrum research, the difficulties and demand background. Then it introduces the research status of quantum spectrum and research ideas of energy distribution in quantum spectrum. We explain the concept of quantum spectrum, the difference between quantum spectrum and spectrum. We elaborate energy distribution in quantum spectrum from three aspects, which are representation, feature and mechanism of quantum spectrum energy distribution. Finally we describe the application of monochrome quantum spectrum about imaging and detection aspects and give an overview of the quantum spectrum. Based on above research results we continue to study and achieve the detection of multi-spectral imaging, which provide the technical basis for the application. We try access to an advanced stage of quantum spectrum study as soon as possible.


Canine atopic dermatitis is a common skin problem involved dogs and cats, genetically predisposed, associated with the synthesis of IgE antibodies against environmental antigens. The disease is present in young animals (aged between 6 months and 3-4 years), most frequently in female than male clinical features. Pruritus and erythema are principal clinical signs. Non-dermatological forms characterized by rhinitis, cataracts, asthma, gastrointestinal symptoms and irregular estrous cycle. The Authors analyze the conditions enabling the redhibitory action in cases of dogs affected by atopic dermatitis and suggest new medico-legal perspectives concerning buying and selling to prevent disputes


Having experienced the material-oriented stage, the concept of development is now at the human-oriented stage and considers the maximum human development to be the essential value and the ultimate aim of social development. The philosophical support of this concept lies in Marxist historical materialism. To understand this idea it is necessary to acquire a thorough and precise understanding of the point of departure of historical materialism and a thorough and precise understanding of the double significance of human activities of material production.


The industrial development situation of Guiyang plays a very important role in regional economic development. This paper uses deviate - quotient systemto analyze industrial development situation of 31 fields of Guiyang from 1998 to 2002. The result shows that Guiyang should put more emphasis on communications and transport equipment manufacturing industry, medical manufacturing industry, chemical raw material and chemical production to enhance the advantageous place of rubber goods and strengthen thchnical rform of nonferrous mital smelting and rolling processing industry.


Deep-penetrating geochemistry is a new branch of geochemistry initiated for looking for concealed ore deposits.Its theoretical framework consists of several consecutive elements:mechanism of migration of elements from deeply buried deposits to the surface→modes of occurrence of elements in overburden at surface→geochemical anomaly patterns.With respect to the mechanism of migration of elements from deeply buried deposits to the surface,three traditional migration models are summarized they are the models of ionic diffusion,groundwater dissolution and dispersion and electrochemically-induced dispersion.Based on the latest research results,the new conceptual models of earthgas streaming and multi-agent dispersion are proposed.The systematic summary and proposition of these models have great significance for the establishment of the theoretical basis of geochemistry and study of 3D element dispersion model of concealed deposits.


The exploitation of lunar soil can provide valuable raw materials for in situ resource utilization at a lunar base. A study of magnetic characterization was undertaken of three mare and two highland soils obtained from NASA. Beneficiation of mare and highland soils by sizing and magnetic separation can effectively concentrate the important components of the soils (e.g., ilmenite, native Fe, plagioclase, and aggluminates). As a soil matures and the impact melts consume additional minerals and rocks, the modal percentage of the minerals will decrease. The 'normative' percentage will become much greater than the modal percentage. Therefore, greater efficiency of separation can be realized with the proper selection of maturity of the soil, as well as by secondary grinding to further liberate specific minerals from lithic fragments (e.g., ilmenite and plagioclase).


This paper proposes new coordinate system suitable for denoting sign language motion. As the proposed coordinate system consists of polar coordinate systems whose origins are certain points of human body, postures shown on the system can be proportional for avatars with any possible shape and fit with existing subjective sign notation systems. This paper extracted coordinate origins from Japanese-Japanese Sign Language Dictionary via morphological analysis. Selected 85 points are successfully mapped on H-ANIM standard humanoid avatar.


An investigation of electrical conductivity of DEHSSA (di-2-ethyl hexylsulfosuccinic acid)-doped polyaniline (PANI) synthesized in hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrobromic acid (HBr), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was carried out. Through dispersion polymerization, a comparison of conductivity of the bulk and secondary doped PANI was reported for the first time. The bulk conductivity of PANI synthesized in HCl, HBr, H2SO4and H3PO4 was 25.8, 15.9, 1.4 and 0.3 S/cm. The secondary doping induces polymer backbone conformation from folded coil-like to expanded coil-like and the highest conductivity obtained was 384.0, 62.8, 55.1 and 85.3 S/cm for HCl, HBr, H2SO4 and H3PO4. We propose that type of acid used influenced the doping level of DEHSSA along PANI backbone, as doping site exists as polaron. The more polaron presence along polymer backbone directly influences the efficiency of counterion-exchange interactions during secondary doping. as implied by relation of conductivity to % loading of m-cresol.An investigation of electrical conductivity of DEHSSA (di-2-ethyl hexylsulfosuccinic acid)-doped polyaniline (PANI) synthesized in hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrobromic acid (HBr), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was carried out. Through dispersion polymerization, a comparison of conductivity of the bulk and secondary doped PANI was reported for the first time. The bulk conductivity of PANI synthesized in HCl, HBr, H2SO4and H3PO4 was 25.8, 15.9, 1.4 and 0.3 S/cm. The secondary doping induces polymer backbone conformation from folded coil-like to expanded coil-like and the highest conductivity obtained was 384.0, 62.8, 55.1 and 85.3 S/cm for HCl, HBr, H2SO4 and H3PO4. We propose that type of acid used influenced the doping level of DEHSSA along PANI backbone, as doping site exists as polaron. The more polaron presence along polymer backbone directly influences the efficiency of counterion-exchange interactions during secondary doping. as implied by relation of conductivity to % loading of ...


ecent technological breakthroughs and the desire for new functions generate an enormous demand fornovel materials. Many of the well-established materials, such as metals, semiconductors, cannot fulfil alltechnological desires for the various new applications. Hybrid nanomaterials have been significantlyinvestigated in fundamental and industrial laboratories, because they either show characteristics between thetwooriginalphasesorevennewproperties


The following research aims to analyze how banana production has been in the Province of El Oro in the period 2010-2016; for which it is analyzed in the first place, which is the surface with use and agricultural work that exists in all the country, since, exist terrains so much for cultures of products, of pasture or other uses, continuation, determines what types of crops They exist throughout the country, and in turn, it clarifies what type of crop the banana belongs to. Based on these points, a brief analysis of banana production is carried out at the whole of Ecuador, using data from the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC), which through annual surveys obtain accurate results, and finally, is analyzed through the calculation of the increase and its corresponding figure, how banana production has been in the province, whose result indicates that there is indeed a reduction, and at the same time, there are reasons why this situation has occurred. It should be noted that the results obtained at the level of the whole country do not coincide precisely with those of the Province of El Oro, since, there are other provinces that have a higher production and, therefore, the results vary.


The digital library, which provides rapid and quality information se rvices with its own superiorities, covers the shortages of the traditional libra ry in aspects of the holdings, sharing and services. However, The limitations of the digital library in aspects of the network / information security and diffic ult protection of intellectual property rights make the digital library represen t strong vitality. The two sides should make complementation of their superiorit ies and shoulder the duty of information service commonly.


Fiber optical bistability in frequency domain, which has wide application propects, is the combination of optical bistable principle with modern fiber techniques. The mechanisms of electro-optic hybrid and intrinsic optical bistability in frequency domain based on tunable laser and their recent progresses are summarized, and its applications in fiber laser power stabilizer, optical switch, fiber sensor of digital type are discussed.


We consider quantum walks with position dependent coin on 1D lattice Z. The dispersive estimate ‖U Pcu0‖l∞ . (1+ |t|) ‖u0‖l1 is shown under l 1,1 perturbation for the generic case and l perturbation for the exceptional case, where Pc is the projection to the continuous spectrum. This is an analogue result for Schrödinger operators and discrete Schrödinger operators ([10, 11, 22, 42, 58]). The proof relies on the direct scattering theory via Jost solutions, which are obtained by the formalism of Gesztesy and Zinchenko [20] using the relation between CMV matrices and quantum walks.


Following independence from the former Soviet Union, the Government of Turkmenistan implemented a set of policies to avert the decline in trade particularly in agricultural commodities. Priority was given to attain self-sufficiency in the production of grain, meat, milk and other basic foodstuffs. As a result of these policies consumer imports dropped from 70 per cent before independence to 20 per cent nowadays.


How do readers respond to signals in a text that certain information is relevant? Subjects in Experiment 1 read texts a sentence at a time while their reading times were recorded for specific target sentences. Subjects took longer to read a summary sentence if the preceding sentence signaled it as a summary than if no preceding signal was provided. Further, the effect of signaling a summary was larger for poor readers than for good readers. There was no corresponding effect of signaling on reading times for sentences marked as important statements, but Experiment 2 demonstrated that recall of important text information was enhanced if the information was signaled rather than unsignaled. The results demonstrate that experienced readers use text signals to guide their attention to relevant information in a text.


Treating peat water with simple technology to meet clean water standards is a viable solution for addressing community water needs. This study combines electrocoagulation and filtration methods to achieve desired results. Electrocoagulation combines electrochemical processes with flocculation-coagulation, while filtration removes suspended solids through a porous medium. The research demonstrates the method's effectiveness in enhancing peat water quality. It reduces iron levels from 0.27 mg/l to 0.04 mg/l, changes water color from brown to clear white, increases pH from 5.0 to 8.2 (within clean water standards of 6.5-8.5), and lowers TDS from 33.1 mg/l to 10.1 mg/l. The design of this peat water treatment device utilizing electrocoagulation and filtration is remarkably simple, allowing for easy implementation by individuals in their regions. The process is uncomplicated, and required filter media are readily available in the market. These findings provide a practical solution to meet clean water needs by effectively treating abundant peat water sources.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Recommended Citation Finley, Connie; Jernigan, Kay; Hogan, Bonnie; Rotous, Effrosini; and Steffen, Daryle, "A Follow-up study of families with children labeled retarded" (1970). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 671.


AbstractA new, three-parameter friction model at the boundaries of free surface flow is proposed. The model is valid for all flow and roughness characteristics and it is proposed to replace the wid...


The present study is based on a material comprising 78 patients. Fifty‐one patients had uremia, 8 had well functioning renal allografts, and 7 suffered from hyperparathyroidism. Twelve patients with corneo‐conjunctival changes but normal renal function and normal calcium metabolism served as a control group.


In condition of a modern socio-economic situation it's important a professional of any field to have an ability of self-presentation, his personal qualities and his professional achievements demonstrating for growing of his competitive strength. An effective self-presentation behavior promotes a social and professional success; it has also a positive influence on a business reputation and professional environment status. Any difficulties and problems which a person may experience while having a business self-presentation, have a negative influence on his adaptation, career development, professional improvement, capability of a business interaction. Modern authors quite often address to the gender stereotypes issues in a mode of self-expression, social self-presentation particularly in a business world. During a long period of time the researchers were determining the significant distinguish points between sexes in this field. However there were some approaches changes to the interpretation of the business psychology, business style, men's and women's behavior. That's why there is a necessity of new researches in this field, nowadays there are few of them. In connection with it, the provided study has an accent of peculiarities identifying of men's and women's self-presentation, whose activity is implemented in the business communication sphere. The research took place in Verhnekamye, in spring of 2015. There were 160 men and women senior and middle managers. The special methods were used: the scale of self-monitoring of M. Snider, the scale measuring of self-presentation tactics of S. Li and B. Kwigli. As a result gender peculiarities in methods of impression control, self-monitoring and tactics of self-presentation were found. The practical importance of this research lies in a possibility to use the results for solving the problems connected with cultivating of self-presentation skills, self-presentation behavior and its adjustment in accordance with business communication requirements and creation of self-presentation competency.


The paper puts forward the training specification of "double type" physics teacher in poverty mountainous area school according to the status quo of teachers in poverty mountainous area school.


Foundation engineering is an important professional course in the undergraduate course system of civil engineering major. Compared with other civil engineering major courses, the course of foundation engineering has its particularity, and the reform of this course is also of great significance. Based on emerging engineering education, the reform for teaching and practice of foundation engineering course in civil engineering major of Applied University is discussed. Some suggestions are proposed on the reform of traditional teaching contents, the setting of courses and the construction of practice bases. The evaluation system of teaching quality is also proposed in this paper.


In this paper, we present a novel technique to systematically introduce questions of computability and algorithmic complexity in the curricula of the early years of Computer Science degrees. We propose to start from those results of impossibility that are already included in the curriculum of CS-geared mathematics courses, and around these classical impossibility theorems, we identify motivating and interesting theoretical computing questions. We provide a helpful list of impossibility results and motivating problems, and we analyze how and where they could be introduced in the CS mathematics curriculum. We also provide a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed technique to demonstrate that the introduction of theoretical computing questions from impossibility results could increase students' academic results in theoretical computing subjects and mathematics subjects of the CS curriculum.


The paper deals with the applied using of polymeric material parts in gas transportation equipment as well as calculation of their efficiency of manufacturing. In this way basing on the results of previous known researches the basic questions of polymeric material parts using in gas transportation equipment are discussed. The manufactured and tested in practical application parts of gas transportation equipment elements of different purpose are exemplified. The possibilities of such parts using in existing equipment are presented. Much attention is paid to polymeric material parts manufacturing as well as to the calculation of its efficiency. The multi edge devices with kinematic inter tool links are proposed to use them in mechanical machining of such parts. The integral technology efficiency indexes of manufacturing and machining of polymeric material parts for gas transportation equipment are developed. The increase in productivity, accuracy and quality of polymeric material parts machining is being proved.


Aiming at the irrationality of existing social recommendation algorithms, such as not fully mining the preference correlation between users and not fully considering the dynamic change of user preferences in time, this paper proposes a dynamic recommendation algorithm based on user long-term and short-term preferences and social influence. From the dynamic change of user preferences and the social relationship of users, the improved gating cycle unit is used to model the user rating information and extract the long-term and short-term preference features; According to the user correlation matrix, the social impact of learning target users is expressed. Experiments on two real datasets show that the proposed algorithm is better than the comparison algorithm.


The invention relates to a motor vehicle (10) having a compartment (26, 40) for storing a removable object (28, 38) and having a) a retainer (42) which have a (in the compartment 40) located in a closed state, (38) holds and the object in an opened state (38) releases and upon receiving an output signal (S2) changes to the open state, and / or b) an ejection device (34) (when receiving the output signal S1) a in the compartment (26) located object (28) moves out of the compartment (26) out. The output signal (S1, S2) is generated by means of an optical sensor device (48) and an evaluation device (50) by a detection area (56) of the sensor device (48) on the tray (26, 40) is addressed and the evaluation device (50) on the basis of a signal (V) of the sensor device (48) generates for removing the object prepare (28, 38) hand (46) in front of the compartment (26, 40) detects and then the output signal (S1, S2). The signal (V) includes image data (V) of a camera sensor of the sensor device (48) and the evaluation device (50) is adapted on the basis of image data (V) has a shape of the hand (46) and / or sequence of motions of the hand (46) to determine and generate the trigger signal (S1, S2) only if the hand (46) performs at least a predetermined gripping attitude and / or operating gesture while on the tray (26, 40) moved towards or before the tray (26, 40) located.


PURPOSE: A capsule cell structure is provided to minimize the immune rejection response of a human body and damage of a heterogeneous islet cell. CONSTITUTION: A capsule cell structure comprises a first and a second layer(10,12) which are mutually faced and respectively include multiple pores; a third layer(14) positioned on the edges of the first and the second layer and forming a cell space; and a capsule cell positioned in the cell space. Either the first or the third layer is an integral type. The capsule cell is an islet cell formed with a film. The diameter of the pore is smaller than the diameter of the islet cell.


DNAJB9 was first isolated from differentiating microvascular endotherial cells and was known to be induced during angiogenesis. Another group has identified this protein as a mammalian ER DNAJ homologue, and is induced by ER stress. Through expression array analysis, we identified that the expression of DNAJB9 was inducible by wild‐type p53 and DNA damage. Suppression of DNAJB9 expression by RNAi enhanced genotoxic stress‐induced apoptosis. Furthermore, reporter gene assay using p21, Bax and PUMA promoters showed that DNAJB9 inhibits the transcriptional activation of these target genes by p53. p53 protein level was reduced by overexpressed DNAJB9 in dose‐dependent manner, while suppression of DNAJB9 expression by RNAi stabilized and increased the protein level of p53 and p21. Cycloheximide treatment revealed that the decreased level of p53 was due to the accelerated degradation by DNAJB9. We found that DNAJB9 interacted with p53 through its J domain and this region was essential for regulation of p53 stability. In p53, DNAJB9‐binding region was near the C‐terminal region (amino acid 374–383). DNAJB9 could not regulate the transcriptional activity and stability of p53 when the DNAJB9‐binding region was deleted in p53. These results suggested that DNAJB9, a novel target gene of p53, protect cells against genotoxic stress by binding and destabilizing p53.


Industry and regulatory bodies responsible for public health are actively assessing animal free tests to reduce the requirement for Draize testing. Draize rabbit eye irritation test developed in the 1940's is even today the only eye toxicity test officially accepted in the OECD countries for regulatory purposes in the classification of slightly and moderately irritating chemicals. The Draize test has been widely criticized for both scientific and ethical reasons, and alternatives have been investigated for several decades. Therefore in an attempt to minimize this conflict alternative methods have been investigated. This article presents those alternative methods that are currently the most developed and the most widely used.


As the New Y o r k Ci ty ACM O m budsman I am conduct ing fact-finding investigations in two areas: 1. The compi la t ion , accuracy, and use of mai l ing lists involving members of the da ta process ing professions. This concerns the way names and re la ted da ta are ga thered and sold, often without the knowledge or consent of the people involved. 2. Systems and c o m p u t e r a p p r o a c h e s to deal ing with the p rob lems of u rban noise. In par t icular , is there a feasible means of s topping unnecessary horn blowing by people in moving cars and t rucks? Would persons with relevant info rmat ion of any type please send it to me. Joseph T. Rigo N Y C / A C M O m b u d s m a n 182 Sull ivan Street New York , NY 10012 official ac.m


ESCHER is an interactive mesh generation and editing program designed to help the user create a finite-element mesh, create additional input for finite-element analysis, including initial conditions, boundary conditions, and slidelines, and generate a NEUTRAL FILE that can be postprocessed for input into several finite-element codes, including ADINA, ADINAT, DYNA, NIKE, TSAAS, and ABUQUS. Two important ESCHER capabilities, interactive geometry creation and mesh archival storge are described in detail. Also described is the interactive command language and the use of interactive graphics. The archival storage and restart file is a modular, entity-based mesh data file. Modules of this file correspond to separate editing modes in the mesh editor, with data definition syntax preserved between the interactive commands and the archival storage file. Because ESCHER was expected to be highly interactive, extensive user documentation was provided in the form of an interactive HELP package.


Abstract : Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare inherited red cell aplasia. Mutations have been described in ribosomal protein genes. Currently standard therapy includes corticosteroids, red cell transfusions or stem cell transplantation; however all are fraught with many side effects. Leucine is one of the branched chain amino acids and has been shown to upregulate protein translation. This is a pilot study to test the feasibility of administering leucine to 50 patients with DBA, monitoring for clinical hematologic response and side effects. The study has not yet opened due to some delays. It has also required multiple revisions in the site-specific and master protocols. In addition the manufacturing company has a shortage of Leucine due to a factory issue since May 2011. At present we have procured adequate product and it is being set into capsular form. Since the protocol has not yet opened there is no scientific progress for this study at this time.


Purpose This study aimed to evaluate mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values and their relationship with clinical findings in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Methods Overall, 87 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria and 320 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals as controls were included in the study. The CSCR patients (n=87) were classified into 2 groups as acute CSCR (group 1, n=43) and chronic CSCR (group 2, n=44). Results It was found that NLR (P<0.05) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.05) values were higher in acute CSCR group than the other groups. MPV value was found to be higher in chronic CSCR group than the other groups (P<0.001). Conclusion It seems that neutrophils play a major role in acute CSCR while platelets are involved in progression to chronic CSCR. Larger, prospective studies are needed on this topic.


Abstract : An analysis of centrally pivoted tilting pad bearings in the size and speed ranges of propeller shaft application is given. Temperature distribution in the oil film and pad deformation under load are considered. The analysis is made for finite sector shaped pads and moment equilibrium at the pivot is satisfied. A set of design charts which show minimum film thickness, maximum temperature, hydrodynamic oil flow and horsepower loss as functions of unit load and speed for the range of 19 inches to 50 inches O.D. bearings is included. The effects of pad subtended angle, pad thickness, radial pivot location and groove mixing temperature on load carrying capacity are considered. (Author)


Based on the principles of character,typicality,difference,reliability,totality and combination of objective and subjective,the attractions(A),validity(V) and capacity(C) evaluation system is established including 25 indicators(among this indicators there are 11 indicators on attractions,9 indicators on validity and 5 indicators on capacity)and each indicator consists of 6 levels.According to the calculation and analysis of the availability of landscape and tourism,Landscapes are divided into 4 different levels and the landscape planning and management are realized with different strategies at different levels.This paper presents a case study of Yanqing county,the northwest suburb of Beijing,by adopting this evaluation system.Results show that the first and second level availability area should be developed as the prior zones with the main functions of eco-tourism and mass tourism;the third and the fourth level availability area should be developed as the prior zones with the main functions of landscape ecology conservation and landscape resources reservation.The division and planning of main function region are helpful to the regional sustainable development.


Wireless power transfer technology has wide range potential application, then the technology develop rapidly, except the common research field which have been studied abroad, such as transmission distance, coils size and so on. We focus on the coils' definite position, do such a research on the transfer efficiency with dislocation angle, analyze dislocation angle in different coil construction for magnetic resonance WPT network. We demonstrate that dislocation angle of resonance coils impact transmission effect obviously, but the resonance frequency maintain unchanged.


This Article articulates the original meaning of "religion" in the First Amendment. This Article contends that "religion," in 1791, meant: belief in a God, with concomitant duties in this life, and a future state of rewards and punishments. Religion did not encompass atheism.


Fruit, vegetables, and green tea contain quercetin (a flavonoid). Some of the diet's most significant sources of quercetin are apples, onions, tomatoes, broccoli, and green tea. Antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antibacterial, and anti-viral effects have been studied of quercetin. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase, and other essential viral life-cycle enzymes are all prevented from entering the body by quercetin. Despite extensive in vitro and in vivo investigations on the immune-modulating effects of quercetin and vitamin C treatment. 3-methyl-quercetin has been shown to bind to essential proteins necessary to convert minus-strand RNA into positive-strand RNAs, preventing the replication of viral RNA in the cytoplasm. Quercetin has been identified as a potential SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro) suppressor in recent molecular docking studies and in silico assessment of herbal medicines. It has been demonstrated that quercetin increases the expression of heme oxygenase-1 through the nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signal network. Inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 may increase bilirubin synthesis, an endogenous antioxidant that defends cells. When human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inflammatory cytokine production was inhibited. The magnesium (Mg+2) cation complexation improves quercetin free radical scavenging capacity, preventing oxidant loss and cell death. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the pharmacological effects of quercetin, its protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and any potential molecular processes.


Purpose- Medical errors are a significant public health problem. Many errors are the result of poor communication between professional healthcare staff and are avoidable. The need exists to educate hospital staff and health professional students on how to effectively communicate and collaborate in an interprofessional setting. Prior to the implementation of an interprofessional education intervention designed to improve communication and collaboration, I conducted a baseline assessment of the organizational culture of the setting where the intervention was conducted. My research questions sought to identify staff knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding interprofessional practice.
Methods- To measure baseline staff behavior, knowledge and attitudes regarding IPP as well as unit culture, I conducted pre- and mid-intervention unit observations and pre-intervention semi-structured staff interviews. I thematically coded and analyzed the qualitative data through NVivo.
Results- Several themes emerged from the data regarding barriers to IPP such as hierarchy, stress and strain, miscommunication, as well as facilitators of IPP such as leadership and teamwork. These themes guided us to obtain a baseline assessment of the organizational culture of the unit, enabling us to tell how the intervention will be received and make recommendations for its continued success.
Implications- If the intervention is successful at changing health professionals' attitudes and behavior, and there is a corresponding reduction in adverse patient events and improvement in patient outcomes, this would support expansion of the model to other hospital units and hospitals, which may have major implications for population health.
Potential Uses For Findings- Once results are analyzed, the intervention will be implemented in other UPMC-Presbyterian units. Ongoing program evaluation will be necessary to implement changes in the education, implementation and hospital policy. The continued success of the program will require methodologies to be developed to identify and integrate changes in medical knowledge and clinical practice.


The title molecule, C18H17ClO4, deviates slightly from planarity with a dihedral angle of 27.18 (11)° between the rings. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Br interactions.


ABSTRACT
By:
Rieh Firdausi* dan Arief Wahyudi Jadmiko**

Nurse job description in shares of emergency installation was patient handling of emergency requiring high intensity and concentration with the situation that uncertain. Trouble of appearance, sleep / Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders (CRSD) at nurse affecting at nurse performance specially nurse work motivation. This research was purposed to analyse the correlation of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders (CRSD) with nurse work motivation in Emergency Department RSUD DR. Moewardi Surakarta. This research was a correlation descriptive with the cross sectional approach. The research population was the nurse in the Emergency Department room in of RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta and have a sample account 27 nurses with purposive sampling. The data collecting was using questioner and analyzed was using correlation test. Research result in the form of Rank Spearman correlation of the correlation Circadian Ryhtme Sleep Disorders (CRSD) with nurse work motivation obtained Rs value equal to -0,414 (p-value = 0,032) so H0 refused. Research conclusion the descriptive of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders (CRSD) at nurse in Emergency Department of RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta mostly do not experience of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders (CRSD) (56%), the descriptive of work motivation nurse in Emergency Department of RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta mostly lower equal to 14 respondents (52%), and there were correlation of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders (CRSD) with nurse work motivation in Emergency Department RSUD DR. Moewardi Surakarta.

Keywords: Emergency Department, Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders, motivation,nurse.


This paper proposes a watermarking algorithm for 3D meshes based on local roughness analysis. The proposed method is a robust and partition-based watermarking method. It is composed of two stages: watermark embedding and extraction. During the watermark embedding stage, the input mesh is decomposed into groups corresponding to different values of roughness, which is measured by the Laplacian of Gaussian curvature. Then, the watermark is embedded in each group individually with a different intensity. In the extraction process, we extract the individual watermark from each group, and then determine the final watermark by using majority vote. According to the experimental results, the proposed method has satisfied both the perceptual-quality-oriented protocol and the geometric-quality-oriented protocol in 3D Mesh Watermarking Benchmark. In addition, it has relatively high payload and is robust against a variety of common attacks, and even cropping. Therefore, this method can further expand the application of 3D watermarking technique.


The internet is certainly the buzzword of the 90s. The most difficult thing for most people however is trying to get a conceptual overview of what this international network looks like. A word often associated with the internet is 'web', and this is a very good image. It is very much like a huge spider web, or in truth many webs connected. From any one spot on a web you are connected to all other places by a series of crisscrossing silken filaments. With the internet, silk is replaced by cables, connecting millions of computer terminals around the world. While today's children will grow up with all this as part of their everyday reality, it is the adults of today who must struggle with the impact of this seemingly all-pervasive technology. Writers including Huston and Huston (1995) and Spring (1995) suggest that accessing children in schools to the 'information highway' is a vital imperative if we are to appropriately prepare students for the communication system of the future.


This review paper was conducted to compare theoretical value with experimental one to provide the charging and discharging capacitor using different value of capacitance, voltage and resistance. Thus on the experiment part was conducted by me and the theoretical one is on the literature part, what if after doing this experiment, When charging capacitor voltage and charge are increase and current are decrease exponentially, where as in discharging capacitor current decrease and similarly voltage and charge are decrease exponentially. This results that experimental value is almost agree with the theoretical one.


We study a finite and fixed relative formation of possibly mobile wireless networked nodes. The nodes apply average consensus to agree on a common value like the formation's center. We assume framed slotted ALOHA based broadcast communication. Our work has two contributions. First, we analyze outage correlation of random media access in wireless networks under Nakagami fading. Second, the correlation terms are applied to the so called L2-joint spectral and numerical radii to analyze convergence speed of average consensus under wireless broadcast communication. This yields a unified framework for studying joint optimization of control and network parameters for consensus subject to message losses in wireless communications. Exemplary we show in this work how far outage correlation in wireless broadcast communication positively affects convergence speed of average consensus compared to consensus in the uncorrelated case.


PURPOSE: A 3D PW(Pulsed Wave) spectrum ultrasonic diagnostic device and a 3D PW spectrum data generating method thereof are provided to minimize the loss of spectrum waveform due to the movement of a sonographer by receiving a first and a second PW Doppler response signal through a 2D array probe. CONSTITUTION: A transceiver(210) transmits a first and a second PW Doppler ultrasonic signal to an object by using a 2D array probe. The transceiver receives a first and a second PW Doppler response signal corresponding to the first and second PW Doppler ultrasonic signal from the object. A forming part(220) forms a 3D sample gate by using the first and the second PW Doppler response signal. A generating part(230) generates 3D PW spectrum data by using the 3D sample gate.


The concept of combining active devices with radiating elements for broadband active antenna design was proposed. An active microstrip transmit antenna was realized by using two sided structure and single-ended one-stage amplifier configuration. A 24 percent bandwidth, which is about 6 time that of the passive patch, was achieved both in terms of active reflection coefficient and flat gain of radiation, and about 9dB extra gain was obtained in the working band. The results are attractive for broadband MIC active array design and probably the same concept can be used in broadband MMIC applications such as in radar and satellite communication.


Natural convection is intensively explored, especially in a valley-shaped trapezoidal enclosure, because of its broad presence in both technical settings and nature. This study deals with a trapezoidal cavity, which is initially filled with linearly stratified air. Although the sidewalls remain adiabatic, the bottom wall is heated, and the top wall is cooled. For the stratified fluid (air), the temperature of the fluid adjacent to the top and the bottom walls is the same as that of the walls. Natural convection in the trapezoidal cavity is simulated in two dimensions using numerical simulations, by varying Rayleigh numbers (Ra) from 100 to 108 with constant Prandtl number, Pr = 0.71, and aspect ratio, A = 0.5. The numerical results demonstrate that the development of natural convection from the beginning is dependent on the Rayleigh numbers. According to numerical results, the development of transient flow within the enclosure owing to the predefined conditions for the boundary may be categorized into three distinct stages: early, transitional, and steady or unsteady. The flow characteristics at each of the three phases and the impact of the Rayleigh number on the flow's growth are quantified. Unsteady natural convection flows in the enclosure are described and validated by numerical results. In addition, heat transfer through the bottom and the top surfaces is described in this study.


A multiple observation-based scheme (MObS) is described for robust facial recognition, and a novel object recognition method called kernel mutual subspace method (KMS) is proposed. The mutual sub-space method (MSM) proposed by (Maeda, et al., 1999) is a powerful method for recognizing facial images. However, its recognition accuracy is degraded when the data distribution has a nonlinear structure. To overcome this shortcoming we apply kernel principal component analysis (kPCP) to MSM. This paper describes theoretical aspects of the proposed method and presents the results of facial image recognition experiments.


Background: Pain affects around 63% of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Biomedical treatments demonstrate limited efficacy. More research is needed to understand pain from the individual's perspective in order to better inform a patient-centred approach that improves engagement, self-management and outcome. Objective: The objective of this paper is to explore pwMS' experience and responses to pain, and their perspectives on pain management. Methods: Twenty-five in-depth, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach with elements of grounded theory. Results: Key themes included vivid descriptions of pain and beliefs that pain is unpredictable, a sign of damage and may worsen. Anger was a common emotional response. Two dominant pain management themes emerged: one related to pain reduction and another to acceptance. Those focusing on pain reduction appeared to engage in cycles in which they struggled with symptoms and experienced continued distress. Conclusion: Findings identify pain-related beliefs, emotional reactions and disparate pain-management attitudes. All may influence pwMS' responses to pain and what they ask of their clinicians. Uncovering pwMS' personal beliefs about pain, and introducing a broader biopsychosocial understanding of pain in the clinical context, may provide opportunities to rectify potentially unhelpful management choices and enhance pain acceptance.


Organoleptic and laboratory studies of fish affected by metacercaria of digenetic trematodes-Postodiplostomum cuticola have been carried out. The marketable state degradation in damaged fishes has been ascertained. The fishes with postodiplostomosis are suitable for being used as food after cleaning. But their nutritive value is worsened, this denoting its inadequacy as to existing quality standards..


The envelope method was employed to determine optical constants of thin films of TiO 2 and TiO 2 : Mn produced by electron-beam evaporation in a vacuum. The effect of thermal treatment on the optical properties of thin films was investigated


Introduction: Obesity is a known risk factor for the formation of gallstones [1] and has a prevalence of 27% in the UK [2]. High body mass index (BMI) has been associated with poorer perioperative outcomes such as increased operative time and a higher incidence of conversion to open surgery though this risk may be an overestimation [3]. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes and costs associated with day case laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DCLC) in morbidly obese patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent DCLC between December 2015 and November 2017 was performed. Anaesthetic and operating times, pre-operative complications, 30day readmissions and average costs were compared among WHO classifications for BMI. Results: There were 332 patients who were listed for DCLC. Morbidly obese patients had a longer anaesthetic and operative time of 4 and 8 minutes respectively compared to healthy patients (24 vs 20, p<0.005; 60 vs 52 p<0.001) There was no significant difference in postoperative complications (2 vs 1, p=0.392) cost (£161.96 vs £162.40 p=0.364) or readmissions (8 vs 2, p=0.149) between morbidly obese and healthy patients. There was no difference in length of stay postoperative (0 vs 0, p=0.371) or proportion of successful DCLC (66 vs 62%, p=0.655). Conclusions: With rising prevalence of obesity in the UK and chronic bed shortages, indications for inpatient admissions in under scrutiny. This study has shown that morbid obesity is not a contraindication to DCLC and is neither associated with worse outcomes or higher costs.


The discovery that the capillaries witliiii the central nervous organs of Gyrnnopliioiia, like those in most caudate aiiiphbians and in the lampreys, have cxclusively tlie form of slender, isolated loops, do not branch and never anastornose (Craigie, '40, '41) led to the speculative suggcstion that this type of nipcliaiiisni, so different from the spongy reticuluin which makes up the cerebral capillary bed in most vertebrates (cf. Scharrer, '40), was probably present in the first terrestrial vertebrates arid in their immediate piscine ancestors. S s perhaps the nearest living relatires of tliese ancestors, the lungfislies were singled out as possible possessors of the loop type of cerebral capillai-ies. This possihility is of particular interest since Sterzi ('04) reported that in a series of clasmobi*arich and teleost fishes he found only capillary reticula in tlic spinal cords and observations of the present writer on the selachians, IIexanclius griseus and Equalus sucklii ; the liolocephalians, Hgdrolagus oolliei ancl C'himaci-a nioiistrosa : tlie cladistian, E'olypterus bichir ; the chondrostwiis, Acipciiser and Polyodon; the ganoicls, Amia arid Lepidosteus, arid the teieosts, lmxichthys artedi, Oiicorhynchus kisutch, Jlaurolieus borealis, Esox Iucius, Catostomus coriimersonii, AIieropterus dolornieu, Stizosteclion vitream, Xipliidion rupestre, Caularclius maeandricus, ancl Periophthalmns sp., confirm the occurrence of a reticular capillary bed in the central nervous organs of all these fishes.


First-generation PI3KC2α inhibitors prevent thrombosis without causing bleeding. PIK-ing the best anticoagulant Inappropriate or excessive blood clotting is a common problem with potentially severe consequences, including heart attacks and strokes. Although numerous antithrombotic agents are already in clinical use, their application is always a balancing act, weighing the risks of excessive clotting against the risks of excessive anticoagulation and resulting bleeding. By studying the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in platelets, Selvadurai et al. identified an antithrombotic intervention that was effective in human blood samples and in mouse models of thrombosis caused by arterial injury. Unlike established antiplatelet drugs, the experimental compound did not cause excessive bleeding in mouse models, suggesting it as a potential candidate for clinical testing. Arterial thrombosis causes heart attacks and most strokes and is the most common cause of death in the world. Platelets are the cells that form arterial thrombi, and antiplatelet drugs are the mainstay of heart attack and stroke prevention. Yet, current drugs have limited efficacy, preventing fewer than 25% of lethal cardiovascular events without clinically relevant effects on bleeding. The key limitation on the ability of all current drugs to impair thrombosis without causing bleeding is that they block global platelet activation, thereby indiscriminately preventing platelet function in hemostasis and thrombosis. Here, we identify an approach with the potential to overcome this limitation by preventing platelet function independently of canonical platelet activation and in a manner that appears specifically relevant in the setting of thrombosis. Genetic or pharmacological targeting of the class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3KC2α) dilates the internal membrane reserve of platelets but does not affect activation-dependent platelet function in standard tests. Despite this, inhibition of PI3KC2α is potently antithrombotic in human blood ex vivo and mice in vivo and does not affect hemostasis. Mechanistic studies reveal this antithrombotic effect to be the result of impaired platelet adhesion driven by pronounced hemodynamic shear stress gradients. These findings demonstrate an important role for PI3KC2α in regulating platelet structure and function via a membrane-dependent mechanism and suggest that drugs targeting the platelet internal membrane may be a suitable approach for antithrombotic therapies with an improved therapeutic window.


Quality of rails and rail welds plays a significant role in railway safety and general functioning. Testing of rails and rail weld plays a major part in quality control for rails and rail welds. Testing of rails is regulated by relevant standards, regulations and legislations. The testing of rails and rail welds is directly linked to the quality assurance programs of the railway entrepreneurs or the rail welder company.


Objective To discuss the efficacy of Reduning in treating of pediatric measles merger pneumonia,and observe the safety.Methods 126 children with pneumonia were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group(64 in each),the control group was given ribavirin injection and conventional symptomatic treatment,the treatment group was given the with Chinese traditional medicine of Reduning injection based onroutine treatment,By comparing the two groups in antifebrile time,cough sputum ease time,rales disappear time,X-ray disappear time,hospital stays,White blood cells resume normal time,Blood biochemical index returned to normal time,the eruption completely scabby time to contrast the treatment effect,observe the adverse drug reaction in the process.Results The effective rate of treatment group was higher than the control group(96.88% vs 84.38%,P0.05),antifebrile time,cough sputum ease time,rales disappear time,X-ray disappear time,hospital stays,White blood cells resume normal time,Blood biochemical index returned to normal time,the eruption completely scabby time were significantly less than the control group(P0.05),and all are statistically significant differences.Treatment of adverse reaction rate compared with the control has no significant difference(9.38% vs 10.94%,P0.05).Conclusion Reduning has good effect in treating of pediatric measles merger pneumonia,fewer side effects,high safety,it is worth promoting use in clinic.


Management of school roll is an important component in student management at university. It concerns student's learning qualifications, status and certification. According to the policies of student management at universities, we analyzed some true cases from the practice of student management, and puzzled out the various characteristics of abnormal change about student's school roll. Finally, we explored the reasons for the abnormal changes.


Nine species of saprophytic hyphomycetes (anamorphic fungi), collected on plant debris from two different localities of southeast Florida, are recorded for the first time from the United States. They are: Anungitea fragilis, Beltraniella havanensis, Canalisporium caribense, Circinotrichum papakurae, Dictyosporium micronesicum, D. subramanianii, Dischloridium laeense, Gyrothrix verticillata and Piricauda cochinensis. Comments about their taxonomy, ecology and geographical distribution are included. Five infrequently reported species and twenty additional widespread taxa are also listed.


The renaissance of epistemology between the two world wars forms a bridge between early modern and contemporary philosophy of knowledge. At the turn of the century there had been a resurgence of interest in epistemology through an anti-metaphysical, naturalist, reaction against the nineteenth-century development of Neo-Kantian and Neo-Hegelian idealism. Within German-speaking philosophy, this reaction had its roots in Helmholtz's scientific reinterpretation of Kant, in Brentano's phenomenology, and in Mach's neutral monism. In British philosophy, it had acquired the specific nature of a rebuttal of Hegelianism by G. E. Moore and Bertrand Russell. And in America, the new pragmatist epistemology of William James and C. S. Peirce had directed attention away from the traditional a priori to the natural sciences. The interwar renaissance of epistemology, however, was not just a continuation of this emancipation from idealism. It was also prompted by major advances in mathematics, logic, and physics which engendered new methodological concerns (as in the influential tradition of French philosophers of science: Duhem, Poincaré, Bachelard). Hence among the traits that became prominent as a result of this renaissance, one may list an interest in mathematical, natural, and social sciences; criticism of the possibility of synthetic a priori truth; logical and semantic investigations which transformed epistemology from a theory of ideas and judgement into a theory of propositional attitudes, sentences, and meanings; a realist and naturalist orientation that tended to accommodate, if not to privilege, commonsensical and empiricist demands; a reconsideration of the role of philosophy as a critical exercise of analysis rather than as an autonomous and superior form of knowledge; and, finally, a disregard for the philosophy of history and the temporal dialectic of conceptual developments. Of course, these perspectives never formed a unified programme of research. Philosophers between the wars took very different positions when developing their epistemological investigations, and the full reconstruction and analysis of these cannot be the task of this brief chapter. Its more limited aim will be


Ferrari, M., El-Hedeny, M., Zakhera, M., El-Sabbagh, A. & Al Farraj, S., May 2018. Middle‒Upper Jurassic marine gastropods from central Saudi Arabia. Alcheringa. A total of 68 gastropod specimens are reported from the Middle‒Upper Jurassic sedimentary successions exposed at central Saudi Arabia. The studied material comes from the Tuwaiq Mountain and Hanifa formations at the Khashm al Qaddiyah, Dirab, Jabal al Abakkayn and Maáshabah sections. Thirteen species are identified, described and illustrated. Among them, a new Aporrhais species (A. sauditica sp. nov.) is introduced. In addition, two further possible new Pseudomelania species from the same strata are mentioned. Other members of the assemblage include Kosmomphalus? sp. aff. K. reticulatus Fischer, Bourguetia? sp. aff. B. saemanni (Oppel), Bourguetia? sp., Ampullospira sp., Globularia? sp. cf. G. bajociana Fischer, Purpuroidea sp. aff. P. glabra Morris and Lycett, Purpuroidea sp., Cossmannea sp. aff. C. desvoidyi (d'Orbigny), Cryptoplocus sp. aff. C. depressus (Voltz) and Actaeonina? sp. Stratigraphically, seven species of this gastropod assemblage were only reported from the Middle Jurassic, whereas the other six ones are extending from the Middle to the Upper Jurassic of the studied succession. As compared with their gastropod content, the Khashm al Qaddiyah represents the richest section (33 out of 68 specimens, 48.5%), whereas the Maáshabah section showed an impoverished gastropod assemblage (only three specimens, 4.4%). The species reported here show paleobiogeographical affinities with coeval gastropod assemblages from India, east Africa, Middle East (Israel, the Sinai of Egypt) and western Tethys. The identified species confirm three depositional settings: open shelf lagoon, shoal/fore-shoal and open marine environments. The lower degree of fragmentation, poor sorting and scarcity of abrasion indicate a parautochthonous faunal assemblage. Mariel Ferrari [firstname.lastname@example.com] Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología (IPGP-CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Bvd. Brown 2915, U9120CD, Puerto Madryn‒Chubut, Argentina; Magdy El-Hedeny* [email@example.com] Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt; Mohamed Zakhera† [firstname.lastname@example.com] Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt; Ahmed El-Sabbagh [firstname.lastname@example.com] Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt; Saleh Al Farraj [email@example.com] College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia. *Also affiliated with Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. †Also affiliated with Vice Rectorate for Development and Quality, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia.


1.abandon v.抛弃;放弃;离开n.放任 They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. (02. 1)


In a study of four-particle exclusive reactions in K/sup -/p interactions at 32 GeV/c it is shown that the final state K/sup -/p..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/ is formed mainly in processes of three-particle diffraction dissociation of the primary K/sup -/ meson and the proton, while the final states K/sup -/pK/sup +/K/sup -/ and K/sup -/ppp-bar are formed to a high degree as the result of diffraction of only the primary K/sup -/ meson. The decay of these diffraction-excited systems is the main source of the resonances K-bar*/sup 0/ (892), rho/sup 0/ (770), ..delta../sup + +/ (1238), and ..delta../sup 0/ (1238). From analysis of the angular characteristics of the decay of diffraction systems for the reaction K/sup -/p..-->..K/sup -/p..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/ an indication is obtained of the preferential conservation of helicity in the T-channel in comparison with the S-channel, which is especially noticeable in the region associated with the production of the resonances Q/sup -//sub 2/ (1420) and N* (1710). An analysis is made of the decay characteristics of K-bar*/sup 0/(892) and ..delta../sup + +/(1238) in terms of the spin density matrix.


This paper investigates how selecting appropriate forecasting parameters could be useful in reducing ordering variances (i.e. bullwhip effect) moving up stream a four-level supply chain. We examined 40 different scenarios for each echelon of supply chain in order to find governing rules in determination the best forecasting parameters. Relying on extensive spreadsheet computation we found some interesting results which need more investigations to be accepted as a general rule for all forecasting techniques. The results shown in tables and charts demonstrate that increasing number of periods used for initial average calculating in smoothing formula (T) decreases ordering variances. Moreover, increasing weighting factor () in exponential smoothing formula results in increasing variances of orders; that is, it results in intensified bullwhip effect. Regarding these two findings, we will show that simultaneous increase of forecasting parameters (T,) will alleviate ordering variances or bullwhip effect. The most important limitation of the research is that there are some informal local producers whose levels of production could not be exactly determined. We had to simply add their production variances to the demand variance of each echelon. However, designing computerized systems for archiving data during the time will be useful for finding the variances pattern. This investigation was carried out on the real supply chain of a dairy company (Mahghol Co.) and the results made good progress in improving supply chain management and inventory policy.


The T cell-based immune system has evolved to recognize and destroy cells that differ from self on the basis of the antigens they express. Many human tumors contain large numbers of mutations, of which many hundreds can be present within expressed genes. As the resulting altered protein sequences are foreign to the immune system, immune recognition of such 'neo-antigens' has been proposed as a major factor in the activity of clinically used immunotherapeutics such as anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1. In support of this hypothesis, using in-house developed technologies we have demonstrated that both CD4 and CD8 T cell recognition of the consequences of DNA damage is a common feature in human melanoma and can be boosted by therapy. Furthermore, to extend these data to other tumor types, we have benchmarked the foreign antigenic space in a variety of human cancers against a series of human pathogens. Collectively, these data, and data from other groups, establish tumor foreignness as one of the critical determinants in effective cancer immunotherapy. However, the sensitivity of tumor cells to this T cell attack forms an obvious additional requirement. To address this issue, we are currently determining mechanisms of immune escape upon T cell targeting of human tumors. Results from this analysis are expected to contribute to the further definition of biomarkers that predict the outcome of the interaction between human tumors and the T cell-based immune system. Citation Format: Ton Schumacher. T cell recognition and tumor resistance in human cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA24.


In large turbine generators there is no convenient method for determining the iron losses under load. It is the purpose of this paper to show, analytically, the factors influencing the change in iron loss with load. While very definite results are given for a simplified machine, it is not recommnended at this time that any change be made in the A. I. E. E. Standards for computing load loss, because there is miuch to be done before the work can be considered complete. This particular problem is typical of many which are entirely suitable for purely analytical study, and should furnish very desirable able work for investigators who do not have access to large machines for extensive tests, but who desire to carry on studies related to this type of apparatus. This, as well as similar loss problems, can be studied much more readily by theoretical work and model tests, than from measuring the total losses of an entire machine, because the value sought is never a predominant proportion of the total value measured; and even if satisfactory results be obtained on a particular machine, they are not generally applicable to all such apparatus. In this article, it is shown that on the basis of the flux distributions, the machines can be most conveniently divided into end zones, which present three dimensional problems and a large central zone, which presents only two dimensional problems.


For a nonlinear process of ship course motion subjected to random disturbances, it is difficult to predict. A new approach based on particle swarm optimization and back-propagation neural network algorithm was proposed to predict ship course. Combined particle swarm optimization with back-propagation neural network, this method utilized easy to realize, fast convergence speed and high accuracy merit of particle swarm algorithm to optimize the structure of neural network, and solve the problem in BP neural network which is sensitive with the initial weights, easy to fall into the local least value. The PSO-BPNN course prediction model of ship motion was established, then the model of PSO-BP neural network and BP neural network to predict ship course separately. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm had a faster convergence rate and higher accuracy than prediction method of BPNN.


In this paper, we propose an adaptive algorithm to detect and localize a point-like target in heterogeneous environments. At the design stage we use the two-step GLRT-based design procedure: we first introduce the GLRT for known structure of the noise covariance matrix and unknown noise levels, possibly different from one cell to another; then, we make the detector fully adaptive by replacing the unknown structure with a recursive estimate based on a set of secondary data. The performance assessment, conducted assuming noise modeled in terms of a compound-Gaussian process, shows that the newly-introduced scheme possesses good detection and localization capabilities also in comparison to its natural competitor.


A two wheel drive bicycle has fixed rear wheel and a turnable front wheel, a chain ring rotatable by way of an external rotation force, and a bicycle frame comprising a top tube and a head tube. A front drive chain runs, in sequence, from the chain ring, about a chain tensioner, around a first pulley of a pulley system, around a freewheel of the front wheel, around a second pulley of the pulley system, and back to the chain ring. The pulley system is fixed adjacent the head tube. The chain tensioner is characterized by a retractable third pulley attached to a spring means, the spring means being biased in a direction away from the front freewheel.


Minutiae matching has long dominated the field of fingerprint recognition. However, deep networks can be used to extract fixed-length embeddings from fingerprints. To date, the few studies that have explored the use of CNN architectures to extract such embeddings have shown extreme promise. Inspired by these early works, we propose the first use of a Vision Transformer (ViT) to learn a discriminative fixed-length fingerprint embedding. We further demonstrate that by guiding the ViT to focus in on local, minutiae related features, we can boost the recognition performance. Finally, we show that by fusing embeddings learned by CNNs and ViTs we can reach near parity with a commercial state-of-the-art (SOTA) matcher. In particular, we obtain a TAR=94.23% @ FAR=0.1% on the NIST SD 302 public-domain dataset, compared to a SOTA commercial matcher which obtains TAR=96.71% @ FAR=0.1%. Additionally, our fixed-length embeddings can be matched orders of magnitude faster than the commercial system (2.5 million matches/second compared to 50K matches/second). We make our code and models publicly available to encourage further research on this topic: https://github.com/tba.


Ceria containing trivalent rare-earths is a solid electrolyte with higher ionic conductivity than the standard yttria fully-stabilized zirconia ionic conductor. This property turns these ceria-based ionic conductors promising materials for application in solid oxide fuel cells operating at intermediate temperatures (500-700ºC). One of the most utilized approaches to optimize the electrical conductivity and other properties of these materials is the introduction of a second additive. In this work, ceria-20 mol% gadolinia with additions of 1, 2.5 and 5 mol% of SrO, TiO 2 and SrTiO 3 as co-additives were prepared by solid state reaction. The main purpose was to investigate the effects of the co-additives on densification, microstructure and electrical conductivity of the solid electrolyte. Sintered pellets were characterized by apparent density, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrical conductivity by impedance spectroscopy. The additives were found to exert different influences in all studied properties. The way they influence the solid electrolyte properties depends on the type and content of the additive. SrO addition to doped ceria improves the intergranular conductivity, but decreases the apparent density of the pellets. Increase of densification was obtained with TiO 2 addition. This additive promotes increase of the blocking of charge carriers at the grain boundaries due to solute exsolution and formation of the pyrochlore Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 phase at grain boundaries for contents in excess of the solubility limit. No influence on densification was found for SrTiO 3 additions.


The tensile relaxation modulus of a commercially available proton exchange membrane, Nafion® NRE 211, was obtained over a range of humidity levels and temperatures using a commercial dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). Hygral stress relaxation master curves were first constructed, followed by a hygrothermal master curve using the time temperature moisture superposition principle. The hygrothermal master curve was fitted using a 10‐term Prony series and validated using longer term stress relaxation tests. To validate the results from the stress relaxation experiments, short and long‐term creep compliance was converted into stress relaxation modulus using a well‐known viscoelastic conversion formula, and compared with the relaxation modulus obtained under identical conditions. Good agreement was found between the two datasets. It was evident that relaxation data at 2% RH at the test temperatures was not superposable with the master curves obtained at higher relative humidity (10% < RH < 90%) at the temperature range 70 °C < T < 90 °C. It was observed that the longer term relaxation modulus under humid conditions matched well with the hygrothermal master curve; however, the longer term relaxation modulus under dry conditions was significantly higher than the relaxation master curve obtained under dry conditions, raising the possibility of a physical aging process in the ionomer and/or irreversible morphological changes in the membrane under dry conditions.


Biometric is one of the challenging methods used for human recognition. Existing method is face detection by Viola &Jone's algorithm and lip detection by support vector machine classifier. Viola and Jone's algorithm employs detection is very fast and training are very slow. To get the training fast, Support Vector Machine Classifier is used for face detection. In the proposed method, both face and lip recognition is done by using Support Vector Machine


In article the concept of the subject of knowledge of system of interaction "subject-subject" is considered. The age periodization of development of the child as subject of knowledge and a problem of a stage of formal operations as closing stage of intellectual development of the child on Z. Piazhe is discussed. Cognitive, behavioural and emotionally-valuable substructures of the person are analyzed with reference to a question of the validity the subject-subject of knowledge. The activity and dialogue role in the subject-subject knowledge is marked.


Sugarcane variety classification is essential for data collecting and learning for the breeder. It is difficult for a farmer to identify a sugarcane variety without specialist help. In this research, three Japanese sugarcane varieties (Ni15, Ni22, and Ni27) from six areas in the south of Japan were classified according to full pixel and color features of the sugarcane bud. The 54 images of sugarcane bud were acquired from the sugarcane field using a mobile phone's digital camera, equipped with a fixed distance accessory. To develop classification models, two types of data; The full pixel data and color feature data from images were investigated for input to the model. The full pixel and color features were subjected to Principal component analysis (PCA) to describe the sugarcane bud samples. Then, the samples were classified into varieties by performing partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine classification (SVM-C). The results of the full pixel show that the pooled classification rates (averaged three classification rate) by PLS-DA and SVM-C were 79.6% and 84.5%, respectively, while the pooled classification rates by PLS-DA and SVM-C of the color features were 75.9% and 74.1%, respectively. Therefore, these results show that the size and color spaces of sugarcane buds could be the keys to classifying sugarcane varieties and that the best way of classifying Japanese sugarcane (Ni15, Ni22, and Ni27) was the SVM-C method using full pixel of sugarcane bud.


This paper investigates the relationship between close company employment change, directors remuneration, and profitability. Employment changes are best explained by retained profits, and the relationship between directors remuneration and taxable profits suggests that remuneration levels are varied so as to minimize directors total tax liabilities. These results indicate that current U.K. public policies, which attempt to increase employment in small firms via increasing their taxable profits, may be ineffective. In the absence of fiscal policies designed to encourage retentions, a large proportion of any increase in taxable profits will be removed from the business without having any direct employment effects. Copyright 1990 by Scottish Economic Society.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics and causes of adverse drug reactions (ADR) in Jiangxi region in order to improve the rational use of drug in clinic. METHODS: A total of 10 033 cases of ADR reports collected in Jiangxi region in 2008 were classified and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The ADR were predominantly induced by antimicrobial drugs (53.76%), followed by TCM preparation (16.68%). Intravenous administration was the main cause of ADR(65.45%). 225 case of severe ADR reports accounted for 2.24% and 412 cases of new ADR reports 4.11%. 99 cases of severe ADR were characterized by the systematic damages.12 death cases and 12 sequelae cases were involved in 225 cases of severe ADR reports. CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to ADR monitoring, reporting and publicizing to promote rational use of drug in clinic.


Connection of small vessels is usually done by suturing which is very cumbersome. Laser tissue soldering can circumvent that obstacle if a handy procedure can be defined. Our principle approach consists of a bioresorbable hollow stent with an expected degradation time of 3 weeks in combination with laser soldering. The stent is to be fed into the vessel to stabilize both ends and should allow percolation immediately after joining. The stents are made of Poly(D,L-lactid-co-glycolid) and solder is prepared from bovine serum albumin (BSA) doped with Indocyanine green (ICG) as chromophore to increase the absorption of laser light. After insertion, solder is applied onto the outer surface of the vessel and coagulated by laser radiation. The wavelength of 810 nm of a diode laser fits favorably to absorption properties of tissue and solder such that heating up of tissue is limited to prevent from necrosis and wound healing complications. In our study the preparation of stents, the consistency and doping of solder, a beam delivery instrument and the irradiation conditions are worked out. In-vitro tests are carried out on sperm ducts of Sprague-Dowlae (SD) rats. Different irradiation conditions are investigated and a micro-optical system consisting of a lens and a reflecting prism to ensure simultaneous irradiation of front and back side of the vessels tested. Under these conditions, the short-term rupture strength of laser anastomosis revealed as high as those achieved by suturing.


Three species of myxobolid parasites were found infecting the gills of the Iberian nase, Chondrostoma polylepis, in the River Ulla (Galicia, NW Spain), Myxobolus leuciscini, M. impressus and M. gallaicus sp. nov., which is described herein. Myxobolus leuciscini locates in the intralamellar space and the plasmodium begins to develop in the endothelium of the capillaries of the secondary lamellae. Myxobolus impressus plasmodia are located in the interlamellar multilayered epithelium. Myxobolus gallaicus plasmodia are elongated and are located exclusively in the central venous sinus of the branchial filament, suggesting that they begin their development in branchial endothelial tissue. We also present data on spore size and morphology, plasmodium and pansporoblast characteristics and pathological effects of the three species in the host branchial tissues.


The title of the report "Interaction of U2AF65 RS region with pre-mRNA branch point and promotion of base pairing with U2 snRNA" by J. Valcárcel et al. (20 Sept., p. 1706) was printed incorrectly on page 1706. It was correct in the table of contents.


A simple spectrophotometric method without solvent extraction for the determination of reserpine by association complex formation with ο-hydroxyhydroquinonephthalein and uranium(VI) has been established. This method could be used to determine 5 - 70 μg/10 ml of reserpine; the apparent molar absorptivity was 6.8 × 104 1 mol-1cm-1 for reserpine at 535 nm. The method was applied to the determination of reserpine in pharmaceutical preparations.


We describe a space borne solar observatory, the Ultra High Resolution XUV Spectroheliograph (UHRXS), which has been selected by NASA for flight among the initial scientific instruments to be placed on the space station "Freedom". The principal URRXS instruments are nine XUV multilayer Ritchey-Chretien Telescopes covering the spectral range from -70 to -350 A; each telescope is able to isolate line multiplets within a narrow wavelength interval which are excited over a narrow temperature range, providing full disk images of diagnostic quality covering structures in the solar atmosphere ranging in temperature from T .5O,OOO K (He II ). 304 A) to 20,000,000 K (Fe XXIV X 192 A). The XUV images will be recorded on high resolution 70 mm format film, allowing resolutions as high as 0. 1 arc second to be achieved for a 1.O field. The XUV images will be supplemented by; (i) full disk high resolution (O.1") far ultraviolet images in H I Ly a ( 1216 A) and C IV (X 1548/1550 A), (ii) full disk soft x-ray images in 4 bands in the interval ?X 6 -70 A and (iii) electronically recorded high resolution (;v&% >10,000) spectroheliograms in 2 XUV, 1 EUV (.'45O A to 1 100 A) and 2 FUV (-4 100 A to 1600 A) bands. The electronically recorded images will use the Multi-Anode Multi-Channel Array (MAMA) detector. We propose to utilize the resulting data sets to address fundamental problems related to the following solar phenomena: (i) the fine structure of the solar chromosphere/corona interface, (ii) the structure, energetics and evolution of high temperature coronal loops, (iii) the large scale structure and dynamics of the corona, including the solar wind interface, the magnetic filed, and coronal mass ejections, and (iv) solar flares, especially the pre-flare state, the impulsive release of energy, and the evolution of post-flare loops. Subject Terms: solar atmosphere, corona, soft x-ray (XUV), extreme ultraviolet (EUV), far ultraviolet (FUV), multilayer optics


Chest X-Ray (CRX) is the most common method to detect pneumonia, but analyzing the images precisely is a challenge even for an experienced doctor. This paper introduces a new convolutional neural network (CNN) named ResNet to help doctors achieve more accurate pneumonia diagnoses. This classifying model is built based on thousands of CRX images obtained from the Kaggle dataset, which respectively belong to healthy people and pneumonia patients. The built-in ImageDataGenerator of Keras is utilized to augment the dataset and avoid over-fitting. Five different optimizers models are also introduced, including the Adagrad, RMSprop, Adadelta, Adam and Nadam models. Moreover, their classification performance is quantitatively analyzed from the aspects of training set accuracy, loss and convergence rate, testing set accuracy, loss and confusion matrix. Finally, Adam is identified as the most suitable optimizer for the classification of medical pneumonia images in the ResNet neural network structure with the highest training set accuracy (96%), the fastest convergence rate and 0.934 F1-Score.


In this paper,mergences of different multi-sensor data are made to CBERS,RADER,SPOT,Landsat TM images of Beijing City by various combinations with the merging method of PCA.According to comparisons and analyses among the results,get a best combination urban information of Beijing City with the merging method of PCA,and give a theoretic appraise to the results.


In this paper, we investigate a new category of symmetric matrix, denoted as Bn×n, which can be considered as obtained from an improper integral Bn×n=limb→−∞∫b1cx−1dx; where c = ij − (i + j). The elements of the matrix are integers and are in sequence. Thus the matrix is singular (except for B2×2) but nonsingular in its 2 × 2 connected minors. We give some deductions on its properties that other symmetric matrices do not possess.


The Philippines as an archipelagic nation has the numerous number of dialects per island that hampers local tourist communication. Cebu is one of the top tourist destinations by locals also has a vast language hurdle compared to other local dialects. Because of huge language differences of native Cebuano and Filipino speakers, travelers in Cebu often experience difficulty in expressing their needs and requests to the island locals. The solution is a mobile-based translation system with object detection for travel assistance. The system uses Neural Machine Translation to translate Filipino to Cebuano language and vice versa based on the user's keyboard input, extracted text strings from a detected image, and the detected object itself. The Filipino-Cebuano model obtained 31.1 BLEU score, while the Cebuano-Filipino model obtained 31.6 BLEU score.


There are various reasons for taking a second look at anything at all. One reason is to discern aspects which have been overlooked; another fre quently related reason is to reappraise the value or relevance of whatever is being reconsidered. A thing might be deemed worthless or negligible because some feature or set of features has been overlooked. And this way of conceiving the thing might become so familiar, so entrenched, that it powerfully, because subtly, works against alternative conceptions.1 In cer tain intellectual circles, for example, the critiques of religion have become so familiar that the religious hypothesis is not (in William James's phrase) a "living option."2 As John Dewey noted, familiarity is more likely to breed credulity than contempt: We take the familiar conception, containing its im plicit evaluation, as worthy of our belief, simply because it is familiar. Thus, a second look undertaken from a fresh perspective is ordinarily most promising; for it is most likely to bring into focus overlooked facets and un suspected relevancies of familiar topics.


SP survey is very popular in transportation research in countries except of China now.This paper gives a general description of the different concepts of RP and SP survey firstly.Due to the relativity between RP survey data,it is very difficult to calibrate the value of time in mode split model.This paper takes Beijing SP survey for an example,analyses the reason why the value of time is not easy to calibrate,and adopts SP survey to get enough data.Finally,the authors accurately calibrate parameters of the value of time and the accuracy of the model has been improved.


Optical resonance shifts are measured against temperature changes for different silica beads ranging from 80 to 450 µm in diameter. A micro-bead is fabricated by hydrogen flame fusing the tip of a single mode silica fibre/taper, and coupled to a fibre taper of submicrometre diameter. The coupling system in whispering-gallery modes is placed in an insulated cell. The air in the cell is slowly heated up from room temperature to about 10 K higher, and red shifts of a resonance wavelength during the heating process are recorded. Linear dependence of the wavelength shift versus the temperature rise is observed for all the tested micro-resonators. The measured sensitivity for beads greater than 200 µm in size closely matches the analytical value based on bulk material properties of silica thermal expansion and the thermo-optic effect. For smaller micro-beads, however, the measured sensitivity increases with shrinking bead size. The ultra-high resolution of such a kind of temperature micro-sensor and its potential applications are addressed.


The study provides an insight into the early period of Spanish legal custom research, highlighting the effect of Joaquín Costa's legal custom program on collectors, whose careers were not determined by legal interest, but whose collections further enriched research and facilitated the incorporation of legal custom research into modern Spanish jurisprudence and history of law.


Based on the NCEP/ NCAR reanalysis monthly data and daily precipitation data for the 20 stations in the east of the southwestern China from 1959 to 2006.the characteristics of moisture transport associated with drought/flood in summer over the east of the southwestern China have been analyzed.The results show that there are two main water vapor paths directed to the area of the east of the southwestern China.One comes initially front the Tibetan Plateau and then turns toward the Bay of Bengal and reaches the east of the southwestern China through、Burma and Yunnan province.The other comes from the south of the Bay of Bengal with the strong vapor transport band directed to the Indo-China Peninsula and the South China Sea merging with crossing equator vapor therein.The moisture turning north from south of Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH) contributes also to the east of the southwestern China. The intensity of the Indian Ocean Vapor Path(IOVP) is the strongest,and the one of the Pacific Ocean Path is the weakest associated with vapor transport in the east of the southwestern China.The intensity of the Tibetan Plateau Southern Side Path is far less than that of the IOVP in the Indian Ocean monsoon area.Over the Eastern Asian monsoon area the meridional moisture transport is stronger than the zonal one,whereas the zonal vapor transport is stronger than the meridional one over the Indian Ocean area.The summer rainfall in the east of the southwestern China is connected closely with changes in the zonal moisture transport,but there is no obvious relationship between this rainfall and changes in the meridional one.The precipitation over the east of the southwestern China is more prone to flood in case the water vapor transport of the southern IOVP is weak when the strong moisture transport of by the northern Indian and the eastern Asian monsoon result in the transport direction becoming more longitudinal over the Indian monsoon zone while becoming more latitudinal over the eastern Asian area,which causes the whole water vapor transport band tend to be more western,and conversely it lends to drought.Over the area the east of the southwestern China thereare a net outcome in summer,and it is a weak water source with the most income entering through its southern border.In drought years the vapor flowing out is more dramatic than normal whereas in flood years there is weak net outcome.There is closely relationship of the vapor transport intensity with the 500 hPa and SST patterns.


An attractive explanation for nonzero neutrino masses and small matter antimatter asymmetry of the present Universe lies in 'leptogenesis'. At present the size of the lepton asymmetry is precisely known, while the sign is not known yet. In this work we determine the sign of this asymmetry in the framework of two right-handed neutrino models by relating the leptogenesis phase(s) with the low energy CP violating phases appearing in the leptonic mixing matrix. It is shown that the knowledge of low energy lepton number violating rephasing invariants can indeed determine the sign of the present matter antimatter asymmetry of the Universe and hence indirectly probing the light physical neutrinos to be Majorana type.


An on-board Android-based smart and safe vehicle monitoring system is presented. The on-board monitoring system (OMS) performs important monitoring functions: Record, Report and Alert (RRA). The Record function records front images of a moving vehicle. During the recording, any accidents or other emergency conditions will be automatically reported via the Report function for an emergency rescue operation. For the detection of shocks or accidents, we use acceleration based shock sensors that utilize fuzzy integral algorithm. The OMS also focuses on drowsiness that is largely regarded as the main cause of most accidents. The Haar-like feature is used to detect any sign of drowsiness and the Alert function is performed to alert the driver. All the vehicle-borne information is stored at a remote server via wireless communication links for later use or post-processing. A test bed has been developed and verified thoroughly for its accurate operations. The proposed smart and safe vehicle monitoring system offers advanced safety features and is expected to substantially reduce fatigue related accidents.


Structural, electrical, and optical properties of MXene (Ti3C2), a rapid-growth two-dimensional (2-D) transition metal carbide, have drawn considerable attention due to its high conductivity, hydrophilic surface, strong electron-withdrawing ability, and large surface-area-to-volume ratio. Recently, 2-D MXene has been implemented in memristors with simple sandwiched structure to develop high-performance devices. However, the behind physical effects of MXene on memristors, especially the conduction mechanism, remain an unclear domain. Herein, MXene has been inserted into memristor with stereotype structure of TiN/Cu/MXene/SiO2/TiN. Additionally, the corresponding electrical characteristics under five different compliance currents have been compared between the studied devices with and without MXene. Moreover, in terms of the electrical conduction behavior, the formation energy calculations and the differential charge density analyses have been performed using a newly constructed simulation model based on density functional theory (DFT), disclosing that the insertion of MXene plays an effective role in forming conduction path. The combinatorial experimental and theoretical investigations on the inserted effect of Ti3C2 on memristor not only reveal that the MXene-based device is thus capable of offering better stability and lower switching voltages but also provide a useful methodology for deeply exploring the switching mechanism of MXene-based device.


A support slug (2) used for the heat treatment of a part (3), particularly for the hardening of a steel part, characterised by the fact that it comprises a guide element (221) that is used to guide the part (3) towards a supporting surface (230) of the support slug (2) when said part is being positioned on the support slug. The supporting surface (230) is characterised by a ceramic element (23) embedded in the metal body (20) of the support slug.


Received 11 July 2014; revision accepted for publication 6 October 2014. We report a 21-year-old girl who was diagnosed at birth with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect and major aorto-pulmonary collaterals (MAPCAs), but no native central pulmonary arteries. The initial catheter angiography revealed 5 unprotected MAPCAs (M1M5) emerging from the descending aorta (figures 1-3): those collaterals supplied the upper lobe of both lungs (M1), the middle lobe (M2), the right lower lobe (M3) and, for two of them, the left lower lobe (M4-M5), respectively. A control catheter angiography 8 months later revealed the development of multiple intrapulmonary artery stenoses on M2 and M3, whereas M4 and M5 were severely hypoplastic (figure 2-3). Therefore, multistage surgery or stenting was excluded. The patient's arterial oxygen saturation was 95% during the Long-term natural history of aorto-pulmonary collaterals in pulmonary atresia


If the Standard Model is correct, and fundamental fermions exist only in the three generations, then the CKM matrix should be unitary. However, there remains a question over a deviation from unitarity from the value of the neutron lifetime. We discuss a simple space-based experiment that, at an orbit height of 500 km above Earth, would measure the kinetic-energy, solid-angle, flux spectrum of gravitationally bound neutrons (kinetic energy K< 0.606 eV at this altitude). The difference between the energy spectrum of neutrons that come up from the Earth's atmosphere and that of the undecayed neutrons that return back down to the Earth would yield a measurement of the neutron lifetime. This measurement would be free of the systematics of laboratory experiments. A package of mass < 25 kg could provide a 10-3 precision in two years.


We study the problem of approximating the joint spectral radius (JSR) of a finite set of matrices. Our approach is based on the analysis of the underlying switched linear system via inequalities imposed between multiple Lyapunov functions associated to a labeled directed graph. Inspired by concepts in automata theory and symbolic dynamics, we define a class of graphs called path-complete graphs, and show that any such graph gives rise to a method for proving stability of the switched system. This enables us to derive several asymptotically tight hierarchies of semidefinite programming relaxations that unify and generalize many existing techniques such as common quadratic, common sum of squares, maximum/minimum-of-quadratics Lyapunov functions. We characterize all path-complete graphs consisting of two nodes on an alphabet of two matrices and compare their performance. For the general case of any set of n x n matrices we propose semidefinite programs of modest size that approximate the JSR within a multiplicative factor of 1/4√n of the true value. We establish a notion of duality among path-complete graphs and a constructive converse Lyapunov theorem for maximum/minimum-of-quadratics Lyapunov functions.


This study examines the scarcity of palm oil in Indonesia's CPO oil food commodity and the government's conservative steps through green resolution policies and strengthening local value chains. The validation of green economy resolution variable indicators in this study is green financing and local value chains in CPO exports as measured by product prices and production values. In addition to these variables, household consumption expenditure is the control variable used as a determining variable for CPO export levels. The research data uses data from the 2013Q1 to 2022Q4 time series. The research methodology describes the ARDL model for testing long-run effects and the ECM method for observing the economy's acceleration towards equilibrium during short-term shocks. The results showed that the long-term correlation between green financing resolution, product prices, and production value significantly affected the level of CPO exports at a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). However, the variable household consumption expenditure is not significant to the level of CPO exports in the long run at a significance of 5% (p <0.05). Then the short-term correlation shows that the green financing resolution variables, product prices, production values, and household consumption expenditures significantly affect the level of CPO exports at a significance of 5% (p <0.05).


The theme of women in court has been studied extensively in the last three decades of research on women's status. As Israeli legal scholar Frances Raday writes in her essay, "On Equality," such studies are needed because "all of society's organizational and theoretical systems of religion, philosophy and law reflect that men are their subject."1 Many facets of the law's attitude to women have been studied, from women's rights legislation to the punishment of women, and to the punishment of men for crimes against women. In almost every area one can identify a paternalistic attitude towards women, or at least some traces of it, as a result of which women are forced into a system of defenses against their will and contrary to their interests. According to Frances Raday, this is because "Legal directives that indicate paternalism towards women still give the seal of approval to a paternalistic concept that knows no limits."2 The attitudes of judges toward women litigants are a particularly interesting aspect of this issue. It seems that judges, as individuals, cannot entirely shed the influence of the worldviews imprinted upon them; nor can these be eradicated by means of the directives of law. Rita G. Simon and Jean M. Landis, in The Crimes Women Commit, The Punishment They Receive? devote a chapter to women in the courtroom, quoting conclusions drawn by Deborah Anthony. In 1973, Anthony interviewed twenty-three judges in Chicago, Saint Louis, Milwaukee and Indianapolis on their experience with women defendants. More than half the judges said that they were more lenient with and considerate of women than men in their courtrooms. They also tended to mete out shorter jail terms to women than to men for the same offenses. Simon and Landis quote a later study by a another researcher, Angela Mossolino, who interviewed twelve judges in the Washington, D.C., area in 1988. All admitted that they related differently to women than to men brought before them on the same charges.