The spread of democracy and the benefits associated with this spread have been a recurring theme in post-Cold War discussions of international affairs. Expanded democracy has been seen as leading to more freedom for citizens, as contributing to international peace and stability, and as being generally a desirable goal at both the domestic and international levels. It is striking, then, that talk of democracy has been almost entirely absent from one of the most important issue areas of our contemporary world--the governance of global finance. There are three easy explanations that can be given for this absence. First, global finance has been seen as involving highly technical private transactions that are best handled by experts or market actors operating as freely as possible from the uninformed political meddling that comes with democracy. Second, those states that have been most heavily involved in multilateral rule making in global finance have been the G-7 states--all of which are democracies and are therefore held accountable to their citizens for the rules they have created. Third, even if democracy should in theory be relevant for an emerging set of supranational institutions with considerable autonomy from individual states, it is not easy to see how the formalized procedures that have been associated with democracy might be applied there given the scale, level of complexity, and degree of informality of these institutions. This article challenges these views by arguing that democracy is crucially important for the governance of global finance. Consistent with other articles in this issue of Global Governance, I argue that the governance of global finance involves highly political conflicts that should not and cannot be resolved by technical experts or markets alone. Given the development of new complex and interlinked sources of technical, private, and supranational authority that deviate from the types of formal political authority we normally associate with governance, it is necessary to move beyond an emphasis on formal procedures such as elections in discussing democracy. I proceed by first discussing how the political nature of global financial regulation means it cannot be left to private actors or technical experts and is an issue area for which questions of democracy are relevant. In the following section I discuss the analytical, ethical, and practical merits of democracy. I then provide an account of key developments in post- 1990s international financial regulation in order to assess the relevance of democracy for them. I focus on prudential regulation--regulation designed to shape the conduct of private firms so that their actions do not threaten the viability of the financial system. The Political Character of Prudential Regulation The argument that governance of global finance is best left to private actors and technical experts has been very strong in the area of prudential regulation. In the main international institutions concerned with prudential regulation, such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), the International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS), or the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), there is a heavy emphasis on technical reports and virtually no references to politics. (1) There are, however, a range of important changes in global finance that have undermined this tendency to minimize the role of politics in prudential regulation. Three sets of changes stand out. First, the severity and frequency of global financial crises have highlighted the fact that prudential regulation is not a relatively unproblematic administrative monitoring of market processes in which risks that are not controlled are willingly taken on by actors hoping to be compensated by high returns. Failures in prudential regulation can have catastrophic impacts on actors that have had no direct involvement in international financial transactions, including workers losing jobs due to currency crises or taxpayers having to bail out failed banks. …


The article describes interaction of preschool teachers and parents in the sphere of healthy life style. Methods of work with parents are considered.


We study a catalytic branching process (CBP) with any finite set of catalysts. This model describes a system of particles where the movement is governed by a Markov chain with arbitrary finite or countable state space and the branching may only occur at the points of catalysis. The results obtained generalize and strengthen those known in cases of CBP with a single catalyst and of branching random walk on Z, d ∈ N, with a finite number of sources of particles generation. We propose to classify CBP with N catalysts as supercritical, critical or subcritical according to the value of the Perron root of a specified N × N matrix. Such classification agrees with the moment analysis performed here for local and total particles numbers. By introducing the criticality set C we also consider the influence of catalysts parameters on the process behavior. The proof is based on construction of auxiliary multi-type Bellman-Harris processes with the help of hitting times under taboo and on application of multidimensional renewal theorems.


State-of-the-art digital technologies on garden landscape intelligent monitoring and topology optimization is studied in this paper. In our algorithm, each basic image is independent, and each image is associated with its own directory. There is no need to read irrelevant directories, so that it can be compatible with other images. In this method, the object light and the reference light involved in coherent interference have the same characteristics except that the incident angle is symmetric with the normal line of the recording pattern, hence, the topology can be optimized with the referring of the related models. Through the experimental research, the robustness is proven.


Taphonomy deals with the various processes affecting animals from their deaths to their possible fossilisation. The particular importance of work of this kind to the elucidation of features of fossil hominid behaviour and ecology is stressed. The subject of taphonomy is re-defined in terms of the differences existing between fossil assemblages and living communities of animals. A brief review is given of some of the factors to be considered in the interpretation of assemblages of terrestrial fossil vertebrates, particularly those that have some connection with hominids and hominid activity.


In this paper consider objects like images, docu-ments are tagged with keywords. These objects characterized by a collection of features and represented as points in a multidimensional feature space. In this paper it look at nearest keyword set queries on textual content high multidimensional dataset. Existing techniques using treebased indexes suggest viable solutions to NKS queries on multidimensional datasets but performance of these algorithms deteriorates with the growth of length or dimensionality in datasets. In this paper it propose Projection and Multi Scale Hashing (ProMiSH) to permit fast processing for NKS queries and also it uses random projection and hashbased index structures to achieves high scalability.


The density of states (DOS) in amorphous silicon is a key parameter in assessing the performances of photocells made of this material. The principle of the determination of the DOS by the study of the space-charge-limited current (SCLC) had first been given by den Boer in an approximate but very physical model. We have found that a precise determination of the DOS in amorphous silicon by this method requires special precautions, both theoretical and experimental: it is only after elimination of most of the pollution by the electrodes and walls of the chamber that we have found that the "scaling law" is valid with good precision, and only for films thicker than $d=1.5$ \ensuremath{\mu}m; in the usual experimental conditions (current density 1 ${\mathrm{A}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}$), the situation is intermediate between the low-injection condition (Ohm's law) and the high-injection condition, so that the asymptotic solutions given by the "regional approximation," as used by previous authors, are not valid. By comparing the experimental curves with the exact solutions obtained by numerical integration of the SCLC equations, we have determined the DOS in amorphous silicon films with an estimated uncertainty of 15%. The application of the method to a series of films produced by capacitive glow discharge shows the following: (a) the DOS at the Fermi level is very sensitive to the quality of the pumping system (pollution by air, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O, pumping oil), the best value obtained in our films being $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$${\mathrm{eV}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$; (b) for films produced in identical conditions, there is a well-defined minimum of the DOS at a preparation temperature ${T}_{s}=260\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$, which explains why most of the best photocells are prepared at this temperature; (c) the DOS in the first 2000-4000 \AA{} of the films is larger by a factor of 3-10 than that in the rest of the film. This has a direct implication for the fabrication of photocells which have a thickness only 2-3 times this perturbed region. The cause of this effect, whether it is an intrinsic surface effect or external effect, corrected by self-cleaning after a few minutes of plasma, remains to be determined.


One of the few occasions that sheep veterinarians are presented with an individual animal is at the point of parturition. Whatever the circumstances, 'the only criterion for success is a normal healthy lamb [and] a normal healthy ewe' (Hindson and Winter 2007). Despite cases often being neither 'normal' nor 'healthy' at examination, it is paramount that veterinary success rates are optimised to encourage farmers to request veterinary assistance. In a survey undertaken by veterinary students on their lambing placements, veterinary assistance was requested for only 22 of 359 ewes with dystocia that could not be resolved on farm (Scott 2003). The only alternative to veterinary consultation was casualty slaughter although, in an disturbing breach of acceptable welfare, over three-quarters of these ewes were not humanely destroyed.

It is usually the more valuable ewes that are brought to the vet with dystocia although, in my experience, there are still a number of commercial sheep farmers who will 'do the right thing' despite the economics of individual ewe caesareans. Usually the farm personnel have already intervened, so there may be complicating issues, but previous work has shown good outcomes from ovine caesareans, with a 98 per cent survival rate for ewes with live or recently dead lambs in utero at presentation or a 57 per cent success rate when the lambs were at a moderate or advanced state of autolysis or emphysema (Scott 1989).

The veterinary skills required to treat a ewe with dystocia include rapid decision making as to whether manual or surgical intervention is required and, subsequently, good surgical technique to result in a live healthy ewe with live healthy offspring. Hence, it is valuable to …


Problems often occurred in the multimedia courseware are expounded and the artistic beauty in the interface design is commented.Specific methods in the teaching courseware interface design are put forward from the angles of space and colour as well as the artistic performance strategy is pointed out from ratio,size,line,image texture,characters,movement and senses of law of the elements.


The aim of this paper is to assess – on both theoretical and empirical grounds – the two main views regarding the money creation process,namely the endogenous and exogenous money approaches. After analysing the main issues and the related empirical literature, we will apply a VAR and VECM methodology to the United States in the period 1959-2016 to assess the causal relationship between a number of critical variables that are supposed to determine the money supply, i.e., the monetary base, bank deposits and bank loans. The empirical analysis carried out supports several propositions of the endogenous money approach. In particular, it shows that for the United States in the years 1959-2016 (i) bank loans determine bank deposits and (ii) bank deposits in turn determine the monetary base. Our conclusion is that money supply is mainly determined endogenously by the lending activity of commercial banks.


[Objective] To detect the expression of HMGA2 mRNA in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients and establish the method of early diagnosis of breast cancer micrometastasis through dectecting peripheral blood.[Methods] The expression of HMGA2 mRNA was evaluated by RT-PCR in the peripheral blood of 41 breast benign lesions and 72 breast cancer patients.[Results] 27 were positive in all 72 breast cancer patients,the positive detection rate was 37.5%,41 breast benign lesions patients were all negative detection for the expression of HMGA2 mRNA.These two groups have statistical significance.[Conclusion] HMGA2 mRNAexpression in the breast cancer patients peripheral blood can be used to detect the micrometastasis,and it may be the marker of prognosis and treatment.


Introduction: During and after resuscitation from cardiac arrest, patients often receive supplemental oxygen with high FiO2. Recent human data suggest that arterial hyperoxia within hours after res...


1. In Rana oocytes, measurements with chloride‐sensitive microelectrodes show that the mean intracellular chloride activity (34.8 +/‐ 6.3 mM, n = 79) is three times higher than that expected for the passive distribution of chloride ions across the outer membrane (12.4 mM, mean membrane potential ‐43 +/‐ 8.8 mV, n = 79). 2. Reuptake of chloride into oocytes depleted by prolonged exposure to chloride‐free saline takes place against the electrochemical gradient. 3. Chloride reuptake does not take place in sodium‐free solution or in a sodium‐substituted potassium‐free solution. It is inhibited by bumetanide (10(‐5) M) in the bathing medium. 4. The overall stoichiometry of the transport mechanism deduced from simultaneous measurements of intracellular sodium and chloride using ion‐selective electrodes is 1Na+:1K+:2Cl‐. 5. Ammonium ions substitute for potassium on the cotransporter. 6. In oocytes smaller than 0.9 mm in diameter, exposure to external ammonium causes an alkaline shift in intracellular pH as the NH3 enters and takes up H+ to form NH4+. We propose that chloride‐dependent NH4+ transport contributes to the accumulation of NH4+ and causes the 'postexposure' acidification as the intracellular NH4+ releases H+ to form NH3 which is then lost from the cell. 7. In larger oocytes ammonium exposure produces a rapid reduction in pHi which may be explained in part by cotransport‐mediated uptake of NH4+. Evidence is also provided for a second chloride‐dependent NH4+ transport mechanism and a chloride‐independent process.


Crosstalk in homogenous multi-core fibers has a wavelength dependence increasing by more than 10 dB from C to L-band. We show experimentally that stimulated Raman scattering can reduce this tilt by more than 2 dB.


The authors consider the current need for faculty leadership, the motivation to lead, and the challenges and problems faculty encounter in their leadership roles and provide a sampling of leadership development initiatives across the nation.


Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) is recognized as being a powerful tool and a nucleus in time-frequency representation (TFR) which gives an excellent time-frequency concentration, and more importantly, has many desirable properties. A major shortcoming of WVD is the inherent cross-term (CT) interference. Although solutions to this problem from the bulk of contributions to the literature concerning TFR are currently available, none has been able to completely eliminate the CT's in WVD. It is therefore a common belief that if there exists an auxiliary time-frequency distribution (TFD) which has the same auto-terms (AT's) as that in WVD, but has CT's with the opposite sign, then, by adding the auxiliary TFD to WVD, an ideal TFD, which preserves the concentration of WVD while annihilating the CT's, is readily obtained. However, we prove that the auxiliary TFD does not exist. Moreover, it is found that in general, CT free joint distributions with their concentrations close to that of WVD do not exist either.


The major fungal diseases which effecting garlic storage are blue mold and dry rot, caused by Penicillium hirsutum and Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. In order to reduce the damage by the pathogenic fungi, here we report the effects of 11 fungicides tested to reduce spoilage during storage of garlics. In the in vitro antimicrobial activity test, the fungicides, diphenylamine, prochloraz and tebueonazole showed 0.3, 2.2, and 1.3 nun inhibition zone to F. oxysporium, and cyprodinil, diphenylamine, fenbuconazole, hexaeonazole, peneonazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, pyrimethanil and tebuconamle exhibited 0.2, 2.4, 0.8, 0.4, 1.2, 1.5, 1.2, 0.4 and 1.5 mm to P. hirsutum, respectively. To test the in vivo control effect, when the diphenylamine, prochloraz, and tebuconazole were treated by standard concentration, the fungal mycelium of F. oxysporium started to grow 5 days after inoculation, and 80, 63.3 and 83.3% of the inoculated cloves are infected 11 days after inoculation. When the tebuconazole were treated by standard concentration, the P. hirsutum was completely inhibited the growth of the fungi. In case of diphenylamine, peneonazole and propiconazole treatment, the P. hirsutum was observed 7 days after inoculation and 20~23.3% of the cloves were infected 11 days after inoculation. When cyprodinil, prochloraz and pyrimethanil were treated, pathogens occurred 5 days after inoculation and 60~100% of the cloves infected 11 days after inoculation. Three fungicides such as diphenylamine, prochloraz and tebuconazole also suppressed remarkably the infection and growth of F. oxysporium and P. hirsutum on garlic when both of the pathogens are inoculated after the garlic cloves were dipped for 10 min in the suspension of each agrochemical. Overall, diphenylamine, prochloraz and tebuconazole showed effective control efficacy on dry rot and blue mold. There was significant correlation between in vitro and in vivo assay in diphenylamine and prochloraz to F. oxysporum and cyprodinil, prochloraz and pyrimethanil to P. hirsutum.


the ideas, Trust, Risk, Privacy and Security, are broadly utilized in different investigations done by numerous controls, and they are frequently mistakenly allowed to nearly as equivalent words. The point is to clear up the ideas from the buyer perspective in internet business. The discoveries of our subjective examination recommend a few connections between the four ideas and fills in as building obstructs for further research. Electronic business has expanded significantly as of late, as a result of the transformation in data innovation. The administrations given by online business organizations could be influenced by a few factors, for example, protection, security, trusts and saw dangers. In this paper, we propose a fundamental hypothetical model that researches the connection between protection, security concerns, and saw dangers, and how it would identify with clients' dimension of trust in internet business. An overview that includes 100 members has been directed and broke down testing various theories concentrated on concentrate the qualities of each factor, and its impact on the apparent dangers related with startling circumstances. The aftereffects of this examination think about demonstrate that a positive relationship exists between the apparent dangers and a portion of the security properties, for example, control and notice. A positive relationship additionally exists between the apparent dangers and a portion of the security traits, for example, privately and uprightness. Further, the investigation exhibits a positive connection between saw dangers and clients' dimension of trust.


The present invention includes a apoptosis-specific eucaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A) (also known as apoptosis-specific eIF-5A or eIF-5A1,), and the nucleic acids and polypeptides of the apoptosis-specific eIF-5A, apoptosis-specific apoptosis relates to methods preventing or suppressing in cells using antisense oligonucleotides or siRNA for inhibiting expression of specific eIF-5A. The present invention, by preventing the expression of apoptosis-specific eIF-5A, suppresses or prevents the expression of inflammatory cytokines, or even preventing the activation of NFκB relates.


The most important application of the blue-laser optical storage system is the recording high-definition digital broadcasting. For this application, the next-generation blue laser optical storage system requires a data capacity of at least 2 h of a digital broadcasting data stream with a data transfer rate of 23.5 megabits per second (Mbps). In addition to the capacity goal, system compatibility with the conventional digital versatile disc (DVD) system as well as the compact disc (CD) system is important. In order to satisfy the requirements of blue-laser optical storage, a system for media with a substrates thickness of 0.4 mm was proposed, and improved molding technology, crosstalk cancellation technology, dynamic tilt compensation technology and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulated wobble addressing method were developed for the system. We confirm the feasibility of the proposed system for media with a 0.4 mm substrate using a 405 nm blue laser diode and objective lens with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.6 (0.65 for rewritable system).


The intermodal rail market has yet to reach its full potential. In the second quarter of 2007, it experienced its first drop in volume in more than five years, but it has since rebounded. For the future, intermodal service is projected to be a source of increasing revenues, especially once the Asian market adopts it more widely. One key obstacle is the difference in design standards for international and domestic cargo containers, forcing rail carriers to split their equipment along those lines. Doublestack platforms are being converted to adjust to the international requirements. Another area requiring changes is crane design , so that the new containers can be safely stacked and loaded. Intelligent tracking systems and monitors are cutting truck turnaround times. In some cases, it has been reduced to an average of 30 minutes, with 25 minutes being the ultimate goal. Additional information is provided on new and planned rail-highway networks built to serve intermodal carriers in San Antonio and Norfolk.


This experiment aimed to design a method to alter the multi-microstructure of Al-13Si-5Cu-0.6Mg alloys by in situ nano-intermetallics crystallized from Fe-B-Si metallic glasses. The results showed that for alloys manipulated by Fe2B and Fe3Si nano-intermetallics, the sizes of α-Al dendrites and eutectic Si were refined. In addition, the precipitates of β-Mg2Si and θ' phases were significantly refined and were evenly distributed in the matrix. The average sizes of the α-Al dendrites, the eutectic Si structure, and the θ' and β-Mg2Si precipitates were greatly reduced by 63.6 %, 50.0 %, 30.1 % and 80.6 %, respectively. In the refinement mechanism, the Fe2B and Fe3Si phases, which had excellent lattice mismatch with α-Al and Si, can be used as heterogeneous nucleation sites. Furthermore, the alloy manipulated by nano-intermetallics showed excellent strength and fracture strain at room and high temperatures, respectively. In particular, the treated alloy achieved an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 238 MPa at 250 °C, which is similar to the effect of Ni addition on high-temperature tensile properties. With this design, nano-intermetallics as refiners provide a new method for developing high-temperature lightweight alloys with high efficiency and low cost.


Selection, design and analysis of marine structure foundation are important in order to achieve the acceptable performance behaviour during its anticipated lifetime. Marine structures foundation selection and design are complicated because of the unique loading configurations, installation requirement and greater uncertainties in site investigation and selection of appropriate soil parameters. Published criteria for selection, design and analysis of marine structure foundations are very limited and currently unavailable. Whilst, obtaining a technical piling database for marine structure foundation design and construction requires time and experience. The objective of this study includes identifying the driving factors that contributed to the piles performances behaviour of marine structures and to analyse various piling properties in marine condition. The Phase 2 Development of the Deepwater Petroleum Terminal in Pengerang, Johor, was used as a case study. From the literature researches and available site investigations, the piles performances behaviour was determined and the analysis was tabulated in graphical forms. The findings of this study found that the piles performances behaviour of marine structure are correlated to each other such as pile bearing capacity, pile diameter, pile length, pile embedded depth and also pile loading. However, further studies and geotechnical modelling are needed to best justify the correlations in detail, in order to correctly determine the pile performances behaviour of marine structures


Multideterminant calculations have been performed on model systems to emphasize the role of many-body effects in the general description of charge quantization experiments. We show numerically and derive analytically that a closed-shell ansatz, the usual ingredient of mean-field methods, does not properly describe the step-like electron transfer characteristic in weakly coupled systems. With the multideterminant results as a benchmark, we have evaluated the performance of common ab initio mean field techniques, such as Hartree Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) with local and hybrid exchange correlation functionals, with a special focus on spin-polarization effects. For HF and hybrid DFT, a qualitatively correct open-shell solution with distinct steps in the electron transfer behaviour can be obtained with a spin-unrestricted (i.e., spin-polarized) ansatz though this solution differs quantitatively from the multideterminant reference. We also discuss the relationship between the electronic eigenvalue gap and the onset of charge transfer for both HF and DFT and relate our findings to recently proposed practical schemes for calculating the addition energies in the Coulomb blockade regime for single molecule junctions from closed-shell DFT within the local density approximation.


This paper introduces an open hydrostatic guideway with anti-eccentric load structure for vertical lathe. This hydrostatic guide adopts swing plate fee-dback throttling oil supply system. The structure improves the angular stiffness of the open hydrostatic guide rail of vertical lathe, ensures the stability of the worktable in a wide range of eccentric loads, and meets the requirements of high precision machining of eccentric loaded parts.


Mercury sphygmomanometers are being removed from clinical practice in the United States due to environmental concerns about mercury toxicity. Accurate blood pressure measurement is central to high-quality hypertension management. In this study of 106 patients, the BpTRU device was compared to nurse blood pressure measurements that complied with all the JNC VII/ American Heart Association guidelines in evaluation of a random casual blood pressure. The intermethod difference in systolic blood pressure was + 1.87 5.1 mmHg, and for diastolic blood pressure it was 4.875.1 mmHg (both Po0.001). For the primary study end point of clinical decision-making, there was 92% (97/ 106) agreement between the hypertension nurse specialist and the BpTRUt (kappa 0.8280, 95% confidence interval, 0.721–0.9350). The oscillometric blood pressure measurement with the BpTRUt is recommended as a replacement for poorly performed auscultatory blood pressure measurement in clinical practice. Journal of Human Hypertension (2003) 17, 823–827. doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001626


Suction tip is a very necessary medical equipment for Otolaryngologist. It is used for draining lluid e.g. secretion, saliva, otorrhea, rhinorrhea for both diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Conventional suction tips are mostly made of stainless steel. They are rigid, so they can not access some curved part of the body and may cause tissue trauma while using it. Moreover the conventional stainless-steel suciton tips is too expensive for single use. They must be cleaned and resterized after usage. This take time, cost and risk of cross-infection. The new flexible and disposable suction tip improves the old rigid and expensive suction tips. It made of plastic which is softer for the patient and can be curved to access the hidden recess. So it is less traumatic. Most of all it is nearly so cheap as disposable needle. So it is also disposable. The inventor hopes that this flexible and disposable suction tip will be used as standard equipment in the same means of the disposable needle is used instead of the old re used, stainless-steel needle.


Gene expression profiling is a powerful tool to uncover complex molecular networks in cancer and, specifically, in malignant lymphomas. Within diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL), two major molecular subtypes, the activated B‐cell‐like (ABC) and the germinal center B‐cell‐like (GCB) DLBCL, can be defined. Compared to GCB DLBCL, ABC DLBCL shows a vast difference in gene expression and constitutively expresses NFκB and its target genes. In retrospective analyses, the molecular phenotype of ABC DLBCL is associated with inferior survival. Gene expression profiling furthermore allows the molecular separation of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) from DLBCL and reveals a Burkitt‐specific signature which is also expressed by a subset of tumors that are currently classified as DLBCL. Whether patients with a DLBCL displaying a Burkitt‐specific gene expression signature may benefit from alternative therapeutic approaches will have to be determined in future prospective clinical trials.


BACKGROUND
Cardiac auscultation is an important part of the physical examination. This study evaluated cardiac auscultation skills in veterinary students and compared their abilities to recent veterinary graduates, referral hospital veterinary surgeons and veterinary cardiologists or cardiology residents. In addition it compared their self-predicted quiz scores to their actual scores, evaluating if they could accurately predict their own performance level.

METHODS
A digital recording device was used to record auscultation sounds from 12 different patients with a diagnosis confirmed by a board-certified veterinary cardiologist. The sound files and associated phonocardiograms were uploaded to a video sharing website. A cloud-based online multiple-choice quiz was generated and shared with final year veterinary students, recent veterinary graduates, referral hospital veterinary surgeons and veterinary cardiologists or cardiology residents.

RESULTS
There were 128 participants: 51 final year veterinary students, 62 recent veterinary graduates, and 10 referral hospital veterinary surgeons and five veterinary cardiologists or cardiology residents. No difference was found between the cardiac auscultation skills of recent veterinary graduates and final year veterinary students. Veterinary students' self-predicted scores were lower than actual scores.

CONCLUSIONS
Recent veterinary graduates did not perform better than final year veterinary students in this study, suggesting that auscultation skills do not continue to improve in the first few years after graduation. Efforts should be made to maximise students' learning in cardiac auscultation skills. Veterinary students show a lack of confidence in cardiac auscultation skills.


Autoantibody response against the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complex is a characteristic feature of systemic lupus erythematosus. The current investigation was undertaken to determine whether activation of SmD-reactive T cells by synthetic peptides harboring T cell epitopes can initiate a B cell epitope spreading cascade within the snRNP complex. T cell epitopes on SmD were mapped in A/J mice and were localized to three regions on SmD, within aa 26–55, 52–69, and 86–115. Immunization with synthetic peptides SmD 31–45 , SmD 52–66 , and SmD 91–110 induced T and B cell responses to the peptides, with SmD 31–45 inducing the strongest response. However, only SmD 52–66 immunization induced T cells capable of reacting with SmD. Analysis of sera by immunoprecipitation assays showed that intermolecular B cell epitope spreading to U1RNA-associated A ribonucleoprotein and SmB was consistently observed only in the SmD 52–66 -immunized mice. Surprisingly, in these mice, Ab responses to SmD were at low levels and transient. In addition, the sera did not react with other regions on SmD, indicating a lack of intramolecular B cell epitope spreading within SmD. Our study demonstrates that T cell responses to dominant epitope on a protein within a multiantigenic complex are capable of inducing B cell responses to other proteins within the complex. This effect can happen without generating a good Ab response to the protein from which the T epitope was derived. Thus caution must be taken in the identification of Ags responsible for initiating autoimmune responses based solely on serological analysis of patients and animals with systemic autoimmune disorders. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 178: 2565–2571.


The important questions of copyright and other legal limitations on the use of broadcast program materials arc usually considered "too complex" for the broadcaster without legal training. Although no substitute for specific professional advice, Professor Emery's article is designed to assist the lay broadcaster in preventing legal difficulties and in understanding some of the complexities of this field.


We prove that a 171‐edge‐connected graph has an edge‐decomposition into paths of length 3 if and only its size is divisible by 3. It is a long‐standing problem whether 2‐edge‐connectedness is sufficient for planar triangle‐free graphs, and whether 3‐edge‐connectedness suffices for graphs in general. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 58: 286–292, 2008


We consider polynomials orthogonal on the unit circle with respect to the complex-valued measure $z^{\omega-1}\mathrm{d} z$, where $\omega\in\mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\}$. We derive their explicit form, a generating function and several recurrence relations. These polynomials possess an intriguing pattern of zeros which, as $\omega$ varies, are reminiscent of a firework explosion. We prove this pattern in a rigorous manner.


Logistics parks have made tremendous contributions not only to freight industry but also to the urban development and social benefits. We took German logistics and logistics parks as an illustration. Firstly, we introduced the definition and the status quo of German logistics and logistics parks, especially the development characteristics of the Bremen logistics park. Then we summarized both domestic and international theoretical researches on the relationship between government and logistics parks. By reviewing the practice of logistics parks in China, we pointed out the challenges and existing problems based on the actual situation of logistics development in China. At last, we put forward the relevant suggestions, which are beneficial to the development of logistics parks in China.


Considering the necessity of leak detection and localization for long distance fluid transport pipelines,the methods based on software are mainly discussed,i.e.model-based method,signal processing-based method and knowledge-based method,and the advantages and disadvantages are summarized too.Meanwhile,the author proposes some problems existed in the current methods and points out the future directions.


The inter-satellite link (ISL) in swarm and constellation missions is a key enabler in the autonomy of the mission. OLFAR (Orbiting Low Frequency Array for Radio astronomy) is one such mission where 10 to 50+ nanosatellites are placed in the Lunar orbit and perform astronomical observations from the far-side of the moon. Each of the nanosatellite in the swarm would carry a receiver that performs observations between 0.3 - 30 MHz, which are the least explored frequency bands in radio astronomy, thus attracting a large scientific interest. Observations in this frequency bands from Earth are highly challenging as the ionosphere is opaque to these frequency bands. Furthermore, RFI (Radio Frequency Interferences) generated on Earth makes it highly challenging to perform astronomical observations below 30MHz band. The impediments faced by Earth-based or near-Earth-based radio astronomy for these frequency bands is the motivation to perform measurements from the far-side of the moon. The purpose of using a swarm of nanosatellites to perform low frequency observations is to enable the realization of long observation baselines and additionally, the effective aperture of observation increases with the number of satellites. For the swarm of nanosatellites to operate as a single aperture, it is very important to cross-correlate the information collected by each satellite and this is where the ISL becomes very crucial. Apart from exchanging data collected by the payload, other information such as attitude and timing information needs to be exchanged. This work derived mission level requirements which would be used to define a suitable communication architecture for space-based radio astronomy missions such as OLFAR. The approach chosen for communication system for such a swarm mission will comprise of two types of ISL: High data-rate directional link that will be used to exchange payload date and low data-rate omni-directional link that will be used to exchange attitude, timing information and be used for localization, positioning and ranging of the nanosatellites in the swarm. This work will present link budgets to show the feasibility of the proposed communication architecture and derive the specs to further design the transceivers.


This thesis argues that during the early twentieth century the Great Western Railway changed its attitudes to customers. Previously, passengers were viewed as a captive market needing little encouragement. This thesis finds that around 1900 the company's attitude shifted; it began to consider passengers as individuals with wants and desires that required satisfaction. During the next forty years, the GWR continued to hone its strategies in an effort to become customer orientated. The reasoning behind this and how the company's marketing strategy was enacted is exposed using overlooked corporate photographs, sources which provide the greatest evidence for a reconceptualisation of attitudes towards customers. The company's photographs were never merely illustrative or secondary to more commonly analysed sources such as pictorial posters; the taking and publication of photographs was closely supervised by individuals with a developing approach to marketing. This thesis argues that the photographs represent a window onto corporate policy, specifically, that associated with marketing holiday travel to railway passengers. In particular, the sheer amount of varied photographic narratives reveal how the GWR segmented the market, persuading the 'lover of the picturesque', the family, women, sportsmen and outdoorsmen to use its holiday services by researching their background and interests. As little is known about railway marketing between 1906 and 1939, with historians vigorously debating whether railway companies rivalled other businesses in their attempts to understand consumers, the different visual techniques, framing devices and use of symbolic content in the photographs means that they should be acknowledged as significant sources. In this sense this thesis builds on attempts to align transport history with the fields of consumption and commercial cultures, heeding calls that there is still much to be done in achieving this marriage.


Realizing that there are only a limited number of hours in the day that one can reasonably work, it is becoming more apparent that trading time for dollars is not the key. Duplication of your effort is much more beneficial and that is where ancillary services come in to play.


TPS3110 Background: Immune checkpoint blockade represents a novel form of cancer immunotherapy. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) are immune receptors that down-regulate NK and T cell activity, respectively. Lirilumab, an anti-KIR antibody that potentiates innate immunity, has demonstrated modest side effects in a phase I monotherapy trial. Nivolumab, a PD-1 receptor blocking antibody that potentiates adaptive immunity, has shown clinical activity with various solid tumors in phase I and II trials. We hypothesized that coordinate modulation of innate and adaptive immunity with anti-KIR and anti-PD-1 antibodies could achieve more favorable biologic and clinical activity than either agent alone. Here, we describe a phase I study of lirilumab plus nivolumab in pts with advanced solid tumors, the first collaborative clinical trial being conducted by the International Immuno-Oncology Network (II-ON). Methods: This study will be performed in two parts and enroll approx...


Intrinsic alignments (IAs) of galaxies are an important contaminant for cosmic shear studies, but the modelling is complicated by the dependence of the signal on the source galaxy sample. In this paper, we use the halo model formalism to capture this diversity and examine its implications for a Stage III cosmic shear survey. We account for the different IA signatures at large and small scales as well for the different contribution from central/satellite and red/blue galaxies. We inform our model using the most recent observational findings: we include a luminosity dependence at both large and small scales and a radial dependence of the signal within the halo. We predict the impact of the total IA signal on the lensing angular power spectra, including the current uncertainties from the IA best-fits to illustrate the range of possible impact on the lensing signal: the lack of constraints for fainter galaxies is the main source of uncertainty for our predictions of the IA signal. We investigate how well the widely used non-linear alignment model can capture the complexity of the IA signal and find that while for Stage III surveys it is flexible enough, in the case of a Stage IV survey, this can lead to $1\sigma$ bias on $\Omega_m$.


This paper discusses EPA's development of a technological program to implement in the U.S. the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. EPA's Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) has the lead for developing the technical and economic goals of the program, and EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) has the lead in providing technical support to meet the goals, including both short-term projects and long-term research. EPA's strategy is to target the halon and high chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-using industries or industry subgroups to identify opportunities to reduce CFC and halon usage and find alternatives. When such opportunities are found, cooperative industry/government groups are formed to identify and solve the problems that impede transition away from CFC and halon usage. Other groups (including academic, non-profit research institutes, other government agencies, and foreign individuals or groups) are invited to join in the effort if they have a special expertise or interest. Identifying the high-use industry sectors and subsectors is not difficult; however, identifying appropriate industries, individuals, and groups who are willing to influence industry usage of CFCs is not easy.


We present a novel source of ultrashort, watt-scale, 50-MHz repetition-rate, broadband (6–18 μm, or 555–1666 cm−1)pulses. Generation and electro-optic-sampling of the waveform-stable transients is driven with a femtosecond thulium-based fiber-amplifier. © 2019 The Author(s)


A series of benzimidazole derivatives with different structures were designed and synthesized and their maximum absorption wavelengths(λamax)(320.5~396.0 nm),fluorescent emission wavelengths(λe)(387.0~497.0 nm),quantum yields(Φ)(0.01~0.69)and Stokes shift values(δ 3 248.6~9 636.5)were measured.The data revealed that their molecular structures are closely related to their spectral characteristics.


Shallow 3-D seismic reflection techniques have been used to map glacial deposits in a Swiss mountain valley. A dense distribution of source and receiver positions resulted in a small subsurface sampling of 1.5 m × 1.5 m and a high fold of >40. Common processing operations that included pseudotrue amplitude scaling, deconvolution, and band‐pass filtering successfully enhanced shallow reflections relative to source‐generated noise. Careful top muting helped avoid erroneous stacking of direct and guided waves. Azimuth‐dependent velocity analyses proved to be unnecessary. Three‐dimensional (3-D) migration of the stacked data yielded the final high‐resolution images of the shallow subsurface (15–170 m). Because most reflections and diffractions were migrated to their correct subsurface locations, confident interpretations of 3-D structures were possible. Time slices and cross‐sections along arbitrary directions proved to be powerful analysis tools. Even small‐scale features (<20 m wide), such as subglacial cha...


The implied purport of the Quranic text is the core focus of Quranic interpreters since ancient epoch. Implied meanings are evidence of miraculousness of the text of the Quran. The Quranic verses are deciphered by obtaining hidden meanings of the Quranic words by contemplation and pondering upon the Quranic statements. The articles is struggle to apply this methodology of contemplation to reveal Quranic meaning hidden in the words. The Quranic words Ya ayyuha al-muzammil have been pondered to acquire some new meanings from linguistic hints and indications of these words. Ten meanings have deducted including the admissibility of calling the name of Prophet (s.a.w.w.) in absentia due to the sentiments of love and affection, Permissibility to give the names to persons on the basis of their temporary qualities and status, legitimacy of opting some attire as slogan or emblem  and so on.


Air traffic safety has significantly improved since the introduction of information technology and the application of computer programs into the air traffic control system at the terminal area (TMA) Split Airport, Split, Croatia. The computer programs allow reliable and fast analysis of technical systems, as well as remote control of technical systems, and reduction of possible human errors in pre-flight and in-flight activities. In addition, conditions are such that the possibility exists for integration into the computer systems of other air traffic participants.


IN the early part of the present century two important but opposing views were advanced as to the cause of pellagra-one that it was of infectious origin, probably excreta-borne; the other, that it was of dietary origin, probably resulting from eating deteriorated foods. Eating " musty corn" was quite generally believed to be associated with the disease. These theories were, however, abandond when the brilliant investigations of Goldberger and his associates disproved the infection theory beyond any reasonable doubt and at the same time proved that the disease was of dietary origin. There are those who still refuse to accept this point of view and continue to espouse the infection theory. Pellagra is principally a rural problem. It occurs mostly among tenant farmers of the South and among those who, through close association, have acquired similar food habits. It occurs less frequently in urban centers where the populace has access to a larger variety of foods in modern grocery stores, and where economic conditions do not become quite so distressing during hard times as they do for tenant farmers. The latter obtain their food at plantation commissaries or corner grocery stores which carry only a limited number of staple articles of diet. Antipellagra foods such as milk,


Objective:To assess in vivo resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine tablets made in China.Methods:The clinical datum of 69 patients with falciparum malaria from March2012 to November 2012in the thirteenth peace-keeping medical contingent in Chinese level-Ⅱhospital were retrospectively analyzed.Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine tablet(trade name:Ketaifu,40 mg dihydroartemisinin/320 mg piperaquine phosphate)was administered orally,with an initial dose of 2 tablets and 2 tablets at 6-8 h,24 h and 32 h.The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine tablets in patients was detected by rapid diagnostic test(RDT)and microscope inspection.Results:Before the treatment, RDT results were positive in all the 69 patients.There were 38 cases whose thick/thin blood smears showing ring form plasmodium/sporadin in red cells before treatment.Positive RDT results were found in ten patients at 48 h after treatment.The negative-turned rate was 85.5%(59/69).Among the 10 cases,ring form plasmodium in red cells could be found in2 patients,and results turned negative after treatment with compound naphthoquine phosphate tables orally for 2 d.The resistance rate of Plasmodium falciparum to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine tablets was 2.9%(2/69)according to preliminary inspection.No other drugs were given to the rest 8 case and their RDT results turned negative in succession during the next 8 d.Conclusions: In peace-keeping task region of Zwedru,the resistance rate of Plasmodium falciparum to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine tablets made in China was low.


Our right to privacy is often taken as being an implicit right, one that is rarely questioned as we move about the city. However, standing in marked contrast to this right, is the government's need ...


In the legal world, it is common for a conduct or omission to be considered as an offense or a crime from administrative, electoral or criminal matters, respectively, which has led the doctrine and jurisdiction to have analyzed whether said electoral law regulation violates known as non bis in idem, provided for in article 23 of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. However, at present, there is no academic analysis that indicates what happens when, in addition, said conduct is foreseen as a cause for the invalidity of an election? Is the principle non bis in idem, referred to, violated or not? Such a circumstance will be the crux of this writing.


The article studies the gender composition of the Big Book award winners. It is shown what place among the awarded authors and laureates is occupied by women authors and their works. All award-winning works created by women are analyzed. The main common characteristic features of these works are revealed: the creation of a fullfledged biography of one person and/or a family saga against the background of a detailed historical picture of the corresponding era. An attempt is made to determine the place ("ecological niche") occupied by the "serious" prose of women authors in contemporary literary process.


Lippold and Redfearn (1964) described the mental changes induced by the passage of small polarizing currents between two electrodes attached above the eyebrows and a single electrode on the right knee. When the forehead electrodes were positive with a total current flow of the order of 500 microamps, the mental changes consisted of an elevation of mood and an increased involvement in the environment. Forehead negative electrodes produced withdrawal and quietness. These observations were made on a group of hospitalized patients, the majority of whom were, or had been, mildly depressed. The authors state that "all would probably have been considered quite 'normal' by non-medical observers".


This paper investigates the design of an adaptive fuzzy predictive control law for uncertain nonlinear MIMO (multi-input multi-output) systems.According to the tracking errors,weighted parameters of the indirect fuzzy system are adjusted on-line to enable the system to approximate the uncertain nonlinear functions.In addition,a robust controller is used to enhance the performance of the whole system.Based on Taylor expansion,a fuzzy indirect adaptive predictive control law is designed,and the huge calculation burden of on-line optimization can be avoided.With Lyapunov theory,it is proven that the overall system is uniformly ultimately bounded.Finally,the attitude control system of a hypersonic vehicle is designed with the proposed control method,and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.


VERITAS (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System) is the current-generation array comprising four 12-meter optical ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). Its primary goal is to indirectly observe gamma-ray emissions from the most violent astrophysical sources in the universe. Recent advancements in Machine Learning (ML) have sparked interest in utilizing neural networks (NNs) to directly infer properties from IACT images. However, the current training data for these NNs is generated through computationally expensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods. This study presents a simulation method that employs conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) to synthesize additional VERITAS data to facilitate training future NNs. In this test-of-concept study, we condition the GANs on five classes of simulated camera images consisting of circular muon showers and gamma-ray shower images in the first, second, third, and fourth quadrants of the camera. Our results demonstrate that by casting training data as time series, cGANs can 1) replicate shower morphologies based on the input class vectors and 2) generalize additional signals through interpolation in both the class and latent spaces. Leveraging GPUs strength, our method can synthesize novel signals at an impressive speed, generating over $10^6$ shower events in less than a minute.


[Objective] To evaluate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic treatment of urethral stricture and atreturethria with Holmium laser combined with transurethral electronic incision. [Methods] The clinical data of 43 patients with urethral stricture and atreturethria who underwent Holmium laser combined with transurethral electronic incision were analyzed. [Results] 37 cases were cured by a single operation, 6 cases needed a second endoscopic incision for recurrent stricture after the first surgery, 1 of the 6 cases was cured by open operation after twice endoscopic incision. [Conclusion] The endoscopic treatment of urethral stricture and atreturethria with Holmium laser combined with transurethral electronic incision has the advantages of safety, effectiveness, less complications and minimal invasion. To reduce the recurrent urethral strictures, regular urethral dilatation is needed after endoscopic incision.


For incarnating the Web as the dominant application style of the Internet, the Web itself is becoming an unlimited platform for almost all business in the Internet. Such a phenomenon is called Web as the platform, which brings opportunities and challenges to information technology. In this position paper, the management issue of the Web, one of the key technical challenges of the Web as the platform, is explored. At first, the management requirements induced by the features of the Web are summarized. Then, the "Management as a Service" is proposed as a solution to the Web management issue. Followed by identified technical challenges, the PKUAS service-oriented management is introduced as a case study to illustrate how to make "Management as a Service" feasible.


Objective: To investigate the effect of Canstatin on vasculogenic mimicry in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG-2 in vitro. Methods: Expression vector of pcDNA3.1-Canstatin-3FLAG was transfected into HepG-2 cells by liposome, and the positive clone was screened by G418. Expression of canstatin protein in supernatant was examined by SDS-PAGE assay. Put HepG-2 cells in 3-dimentinal culture and observed if it could form vasculogenic mimicry, ability to form vasculogenic mimicr of cell line before and after transfection were compared. Results: The expression of Canstatin gene at the level of protein was found in supernatant of the transfected HepG-2. HepG-2 cells can form vasculogenic mimicry in 3-demintional culture. The number of tubules in the transfected group were significantly lower than the control group and the parental cell group. Conclusions: Hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells had the ability to form vasculogenic mimicry in vitro 3-dimentional culture. Canstatin can inhibit vasculogenic mimicry formation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG-2 in vitro.


PURPOSE: A flash memory apparatus and a solid state storage system using the same are provided to reduce a chip area by securing the layout of a laminated chip. CONSTITUTION: In a flash memory apparatus and a solid state storage system using the same, a first chip test signal generator(112) is arranged in a first chip. A first chip test signal generator generates a first chip test signal. A second chip test signal generator(122) is arranged in a second chip. A second chip test signal generator generates a second chip test signal. A final data determination unit(200) generates a final test signal.


The present study investigates the effects of contour ridge benches (CRBs) on several physical and chemical characteristics, such as soil depth, texture, rock fragments, organic matter, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), pH, and water content. The study site is located at an old contour ridge bench in the Tunisian Dorsal. Soil samples were collected at different relative positions of two successive CRBs and from a control plot having the same slope, land use, and soil. The results indicated that the CRB improved soil depth from 40 cm in the control plot to 90 cm near the upper side of the CRB. The highest rock fragment was found in the control plot. The soil texture had significant differences according to the sampling depth and proximity to the CRB. Although the CaCO3, total and active, depends on the sampling depth, it was slightly higher in the control plot. Considering the calcareous nature of the soil, pH and electric conductivity were not affected by relative position to the CRB. The organic matter was less than 1%, but it was improved by the CRB implementation. Finally, the water retention was increased by three-fold in the channel of the structure, compared to the control.


BACKGROUND
Spontaneous speech of aphasic persons is often scored on rating scales assessing aphasic symptoms. Rating scales have the advantage of an easy and fast scoring system, but might lack sensitivity. Quantitative analysis of either aphasic symptoms or basic parameters provides a useful alternative. Basic parameters are essential units of language like word categories or syntactic completeness and can be identified in both impaired and unimpaired adult and child language.

AIMS
To examine whether basic parameters of spontaneous speech are more sensitive to change during the course of recovery from aphasia than conventional spontaneous speech rating scales.

METHODS & PROCEDURES
Spontaneous speech samples of 28 aphasic participants were analysed using a quantitative computer-assisted method as well as conventional spontaneous speech rating scales before and after 7 weeks of intensive language treatment. The analysis focused on the following basic parameters: percentage words, percentage open class words, syntactic completeness, complexity, and mean length of utterances. The participants were also tested with the Aachen Aphasia Test before and after treatment.

OUTCOME & RESULTS
Significant change in at least one basic parameter was observed in 20 participants, while only four participants showed significant change in one of the spontaneous speech rating scales.

CONCLUSIONS
In comparison with conventional spontaneous speech rating scales, the basic parameters proved to be more sensitive to change. For the time being, however, some limitations remain with regard to the specificity of the basic parameters. Thus, additional data are needed to provide further support of the clinical significance of the measured changes.


Pretreatment for 5 h with 10 μg phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a well established activator of protein kinase C (PKC) in many kinds of cells including macrophages, was found to either (a) delay, or (b) potentiate, lethal endotoxin shock in mice, depending upon the dose of LPS. The latter occurred despite a marked attenuation (>90%) of the TNFα response to LPS. In mice sensitized with D-galactosamine the same PMA pretreatment offered protection against challenge from either LPS or TNFα. This protection, coupled with the ability of PMA to reduce serum TNFα while increasing serum corticosterone in response to LPS, adds in vivo support for a possible role for PKC activation in early endotoxin tolerance. A phorbol ester (4α-phorbol) that is not a PKC activator was found ineffective. PMA produced a prompt and profound decrease in body temperature which reached a nadir at 3 h. However, the protective effect produced by PMA was not dependent upon a decrease in body temperature per se, but was dependent upon administration of PMA at the same time or prior to LPS.


Precise opamp gain (POG) design allows high-frequency SC filters using high-bandwidth op amps with low but precisely-known dc-gain, whose value is used as a parameter in the capacitor sizing. Using an op amp dc-gain Ao with a maximum relative deviation /spl epsi/, this concept allows the same performance accuracy obtained with standard design using an opamp with dc gain Ao//spl epsi/. In this work, using a standard 0.5/spl mu/m CMOS technology and 5V supply, 150MSample/s is achieved, consuming 20mW. The CMOS opamp dc-gain is set with a closed-loop gain-control circuit. In addition, the output dc-voltage is fixed by a CMOS circuit. This results in dc output voltage independent of technological variations, enabling rail-to-rail output swing.


Was Hume really a skeptic empiricist? The common picture that existed about Hume sometime ago outlined him as an empiricist who, contrary to his preceding empiricists, could deduce skepticism which was a corollary of empiricism from it. According to this interpretation, Hume's entire project is negation and rejection of metaphysical knowledge as well as a science based on principles of empiricism. However, in the first half of twentieth century, David Camp Smith presented a more positive interpretation of Hume. According to his interpretation, Hume's objective is not entirely negating and rejecting; rather, his prime purpose is to indicate that man's fundamental beliefs, which according to the principles of empiricism are not adoptable from experience or intellect, are originated from human nature, and, somehow, the nature imposes them on us. This analysis by Smith transforms Hume from a skeptic empiricist into a naturalist philosopher. The present paper seeks to make a brief comparison between these two interpretations on Hume.
Keywords: philosophy of Hume, empiricism, skepticism, naturalism, fundamental beliefs.


This article on the Second Battle of Shanghai explains what caused a Chinese defeat in the face of Imperial Japan in 1937. The study of the battle is to examine how it is the Chinese lost while having greater manpower, the advantage of defense, and the backing of most of the West. The battle at Shanghai would unfold in front of the Shanghai International Settlement, allowing Western powers to witness the conflict unfold in front of their cameras and reporters. Despite this, this battle is mostly overlooked by most Western studies of the Second World War. This study examines how the lack of unity, poor leadership, inferior arms, and the lack of a long-term defensive plan undercut any advantages the Chinese held over the Japanese. This battle is the first major clash during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and arguably the first major battle of the Second World War.


In Notes and Queries for February 10, 1917, John H. Sandham Griffith, Esq., of Llwynduris, Llechryd, Cardiganshire, announced that he had in his possession Shelley's set of the Hon. Robert Clifford's translation (4 vols., 1797-8) of the Abbé Barruel's Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire du Jacobinisme. The set, Mr. Griffith believes, was left by Shelley at Horsham after his expulsion from Oxford;1 and he further explains that "there was such a considerable degree of intimacy existing between the poet's family and my ancestor William Sandham of Horsham, a tenant and near neighbor of Sir Timothy Shelley of Field Place, that the poet was probably a frequent visitor, and obtained a loan of £100 in January, 1811, before being sent down from Oxford, which he never repaid. The unredeemed promissory note is in my possession, and also a holograph letter, requesting a further loan on the plea of 'now being reduced to the very last extremity,' written from Keswick shortly after his marriage to Harriet West-brooke [sic]." Volume II of the set, Mr. Griffith says, "bears the poet's autograph in full, and the date 1810."


Along the Niedere Tauern mountains many more sagging-type mass movements occur than are known so far. To examine the morphological characteristics of two opposite modes of occurrence, we illustrate six examples, which all are evolved within micaschist lithologies. The following end members can be outlined: (a) Saggings that occur on slopes where the main foliation of the rocks dips roughly parallel to the slope are characterised by a remarkable decrease of the average slope inclination with respect to stable slopes beside and by closing up of the valley ("Talzuschub")- Their upper slope portions record complex but morphologically not very strongly-developed mountain splitting structures, (b) In contrast, saggings on slopes where the dip of the principle foliation is into the slope, a convex slope profile without remarkable decrease of the average slope inclination are developed. However, those examples record expressive moun- tain splitting, including double crested ridges and ridge top grabens in upper slope portions. The average slope inclination of this type of sagging is not different to stable neighbouring slopes. Slopes that are affected by sagging in general indicate individual drainage patterns, provoke secondary landslides, are susceptible to enhanced erosion and degenerate the glacially-shaped landscape.


A write-operating window with a 100% functional bit yield was successfully obtained by the control of stray fields from synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) pinned layers in conventional magnetic random access memories with rectangular magnetic tunneling junction bits. The stray fields were controlled by a newly developed ion-beam etching technique without causing damage and by a precise setting of the SAF pinned layer thickness, and are balanced with Neel coupling fields. As a result, it was found that symmetric switching astroid curves with no offset were obtained and switching distributions were minimized at the zero offset field.


The full-controlled power electronics devices such as IGBT are the key components of electricity energy transform equipments which is applied in new concept weapons including laser emission and electromagnetic orbit guns.These equipments operate commonly under short pulse condition in need of processing and releasing deposited energy in very short time,which lead to high on-state current,high junction temperature and wide fluctuating rang in power electronics devices.Due to devices operation capability and reliability influenced by junction temperature of IGBT directly,verifying and mastering the junction temperature characteristics are an important significance to insure security,reliability and optimum use of devices.This paper analyzes the junction temperature ascending and fluctuating characteristics under short pulse operation theoretically,and also the junction temperature characteristics under different operation with a emulation software.A certain IGBT chip operation junction temperature is measured by a high speed infra temperature measure.


Objective Oxidative stress has been postulated to be a significant mechanism in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Methods The cytoprotective effects of resveratrol, quercetin and the mixture of RSV/Q in high glucose-treated HEK-293 cells was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase release and MTT assay. The levels of gene expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase as the main source of reactive oxygen species generation, RAGE, and SMP30 in high glucose media with or without RSV, Q, or RSV/Q were estimated by real-time PCR. The results showed that RSV, Q, and especially RSV/Q increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Gene expression also showed that RSV, Q, and notably RSV/Q treatment attenuated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase and RAGE expression and improved SMP30 levels when compared to high glucose medium alone. Conclusion It was concluded that RSV, Q, and RSV/Q effectively attenuate hyperglycemia-mediated cytotoxicity in HEK-293 cells and should be considered a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


A sedentary lifestyle, characterized by low levels of physical activity, has not only been predicted as a predictor of weight gain or obesity but has also been commonly associated with increased pain and mortality in modern society caused by chronic diseases such as coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle (H1), the sedentary prevalence in influencing the risk of health problems and stress levels (H2, H3), and the more dominant sedentary prevalence in influencing health problems or stress levels (H4). The sample was made up of 420 between the ages of 17 and 55 who were all residents of the city of Malang, with a total of 535 respondents. The instruments used for measurement are the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaires. The results by implementing Chi-Square and Odds Ratio analysis showed the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle in the Malang city community of 352 respondents (83.8%), sedentary prevalence did not affect the risk of chronic disease (Chi=0.028, 95% sig/p=0.867>0.05), sedentary prevalence affected the level of stress (Chi=11.808, 95% sig/p=0.001<0.05), and the level of stress was predicted as the dominant factor influenced by sedentary lifestyle prevalence (Adj.OR=2.771, 95% CI lower and upper >1). In conclusion, the sedentary prevalence was more dominant in influencing stress levels than the risk of chronic diseases. Based on these results, the researcher suggests that respondents modify their lifestyle by increasing physical activity because the risk of chronic diseases originates from their daily lifestyle or behavior. In addition, the community had to pay great attention and discipline to maintain a healthy lifestyle to prevent stress.


Analysis of the influences of front-, rear- and all-wheel drive configurations on the consumption, performances and costs of electric vehicles


The goals of the research are to know and analyse deeply about ownership structure, cash dividend policy and agency cost, to analyze and confirm the best indicator of measurement cash dividend and agency cost, to know and analyse deeply the effect of ownership structure, risk and free cash flow to cash dividend and agency cost. And to know and analyse deeply the effect of cash dividend and agency cost to firm value in Indonesian Stock Exchange The result of confirmatory analysis show that the best measurement of cash dividend policy variables is dividend payout ratio. While for agency cost is selling and general administratif ratio. On before milenium era risk has a significant effect to cash dividend. risk has a significant effect to agency cost and also risk has a significant effect to firm value. On Milenium era risk has a significant effect to cash dividend. risk has a significant effect to agency cost and also risk and cash dividend have a significant effect to firm value. The test result on two different time horizon have a consistency result. It can seen on test of goodness of fit and path analysis give a
consisten result.


African American boys are more likely than same-aged counterparts to live in disadvantaged neighborhoods characterized by exposure to physical violence, lower socioeconomic status, poor parent education, and acts of violence. The current study used structural equation modeling to test the associations between witnessing violence, peer and parent expectations, peer behaviors, self-efficacy to avoid violence, and violent behavior as the outcome. Results suggest that African American boys who witnessed physical violence are more likely to engage in violence themselves. Peer and parent violence expectations, peer violence, and adolescent's self-efficacy to avoid violence mediate this. These findings suggest potential for prevention of violent behaviors through modification of norms of male African American adolescents at risk for witnessing violence in their daily life.


: This research was a case study of middle managers' commitment issues after downsizing. After downsizing, the company kept changing its regulations to compete. Less appropriate change strategies led to uncertainty, pressure and anxiety among middle managers. This research aimed to explore the way middle managers handle and commit to changes under pressure. During the organizational change periods, the roles of middle managers were complex because they were required to become agents of change and targets of change. These roles severely affected the implementation of changes. This research applied qualitative methods through a case study by interviewing individuals and conducting focus group discussion. There were eleven middle managers and three general managers who were considered as significant others. It was found that the middle managers, who were also the survivors, felt satisfied and gained fairness in the downsizing process. However, after the downsizing, the organization was less committed to change, so the managers showed commitment to change because they felt obligated (normative commitment to change) and they had no choice but to follow the change (continual commitment to change). This paper also helped to understand how the commitment to organizational change influenced survivors' commitment to change.


With the expansion of postgraduate education,the contradiction between scale and quality in education has appeared.In spite of negative influences caused by enrollment expansion,realization and handling of the dialectical relations between the scale and the quality will ensure the sustainable development of postgraduate education.It is especially necessary to solve such problems as the investment of education resource,faculty construction of postgraduates′ supervisors and the quality administration of characteristic postgraduate education.


Here we explored the chemical durability of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars under load. Three batches of ribbed GFRP bar specimens were fabricated using binder matrices: ED-22+isomethyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (iso-MTGFA), ED-22+Ethal-450 and NPPN-631+ iso-MTGFA. As the reinforcing filler, we used an EC17 glass roving (for all the specimen batches). The specimens of each batch were aged in a 1 N alkaline NaOH solution at 60 °C for 2000 hrs. The ageing was performed under a 300 MPa load (30% of the failure stress). The tensile strength of the specimens from each batch following ageing was measured. The tensile test results demonstrated that that the strength loss of the specimens following chemical ageing was 58.9% for batch 1 based on ED-22+iso-MTGFA, 6.6% for batch 2 based on ED-22+Ethal-450, and 33.6% for batch 3 based on NPPN-631 + iso-MTGFA. The specimens of batch 2 based on ED-22+Ethal-450 exhibited the greatest resistance to the NaOH alkaline solution (a strength loss of 6.6%).


Historia evolutiva de los Paucituberculata (Mammalia: Marsupialia) de América del Sur. Paucituberculatan marsupials are a group of Metatheria with a long evolutionary history (early Eocene-Recent) exclusively recorded in South America. This contribution presents a synthetic overview of the knowledge on their evolution, paleoecology and paleobiogeography. It is offered the current view of their phylogenetic origin and changes in their taxonomic diversity through time, emphasizing the main steps in their evolution. The paleoecological inferences for species, considering locomotion, diets and body masses, are noted; likewise, some aspects of the historical biogeography of the main paucituberculatan clades, taking into account their geographical ranges during the Cenozoic, are remarked. Finally, the main perspectives to be addressed in the study of paucituberculatans are highlighted.


After the implementation of a Citrus Variety Improvement Program in Spain, citrus cultivars free of virus and virus-like pathogens became available and cover today more than 70% of the citrus-growing regions of the country. In addition, because of the need to control tristeza, the main rootstock used in commercial plantings in Spain is Carrizo citrange. In spite of these developments, low performing orchards can still be found in certain areas in which tree vigor and fruit production are poor. Infection with viroids may have deleterious effects on the productivity of citrus species grafted on the viroid sensitive Carrizo citrange. Viroid infected trees were indeed found in low performing orchards of 'Clemenules' and 'Afourer/Nadorcor' clementines and 'Ortanique' tangor trees all grafted on Carrizo citrange. Bark scaling symptoms in the Carrizo citrange rootstock were always associated with CEVd infection but CBLVd, HSVd and CDVd were also consistently detected. The presence of viroid-infected and viroidfree trees in these orchards is discussed.


We treat string propagation and interaction in the presence of a background Neveu-Schwarz three-form field strength, suitable for describing vortex rings in a superfluid or low-viscosity normal fluid. A circular vortex ring exhibits instabilities which have been recognized for many years, but whose precise boundaries we determine for the first time analytically in the small core limit. Two circular vortices colliding head-on exhibit stronger instabilities which cause splitting into many small vortices at late times. We provide an approximate analytic treatment of these instabilities and show that the most unstable wavelength is parametrically larger than a dynamically generated length scale which in many hydrodynamic systems is close to the cutoff. We also summarize how the string construction we discuss can be derived from the Gross-Pitaevskii lagrangian, and also how it compares to the action for giant gravitons.


For the first time, a leading edge 7nm CMOS platform technology for mobile SoC applications is presented. This technology provides >3.3X routed gate density and 35%∼40% speed gain or >65% power reduction over our 16nm FinFET technology. A fully functional 256Mb SRAM test-chip with the smallest high density SRAM cell of 0.027um2 is demonstrated down to 0.5V. The 4th generation FinFET transistors are optimized with device mismatch reduction by 25%∼35% and multi-Vt device options to enable low power and high performance design requirements.


We investigate the possible presence of \emph{ Flavor Changing Neutral Current (FCNC)} couplings of the top quark with gluon and photon through $e^-p\to e^-tj$ process. Focusing on disentangling the effects of different couplings that could be present, we exploit the presence of the scattered electron, the angular distribution of which is sensitive to the type of coupling involved. Further, we demonstrate the potential of electron beam polarisation in distinguishing the left-handed and right-handed couplings of both gluon and photon separately. Considering an $e^-p$ collider of beam energies of $E_{e(p)} = 60~(50000)$~GeV at 2~ab$^{-1}$ integrated luminosity, couplings can be probed at the level of $10^{-2}$ with the corresponding branching fractions of $BR(t\to u\gamma)\le 4 - 7 \times 10^{-6}$ and $BR(t\to c\gamma) \le 1-2 \times 10^{-5}$, depending on if the coupling is right-handed or left-handed. The corresponding limits on the gluon couplings lead to $BR(t\to ug)\le 1.7 \times 10^{-6}$ and $BR(t\to cg) \le 3-4 \times 10^{-5}$.


With the gradual development of Sino- Russian joint teaching program, its teaching quality has drawn much attention in the society. As an assistantin teaching process, multimedia offers a new conceptand method to Russian language teaching. The multimedia technology is direct, vivid, convenient, instantand practical. But multi media is only a teaching tool and method. Itcan nottake place of the communication between teachers and students, and also can nottake place of the influence which teachers make on students. Therefore, how to take advantage of multimedia as a teaching method to improve the teaching quality of Russian language in Sino- Russian joint teaching program is a problem to be solved at present.


This research purposed to in-depth analyzing about the existence of social media as promotional media in the hijab image revolution in Indonesia, to examine it's cause and give the picture of hijab image in Indonesia. This research is conducted with qualitative approach and case study method. The result showed that social media increasingly exist in promoting Muslim fashion, because of the changed in Muslim consumers who are more religious but also more intense using social media. Hijab image revolution was encouraged by the communities and role models who emigrated (hijrah). Hijab image became diverse, characterized self identity, and the depth of the faith. Research concluded that the existence of social media has inspired Muslim women (Muslimah) in Indonesia to wear hijab,creating fashion trends powerfully, give an alternative in dressing, but also caused the shifts of the true meaning of hijab. This research affected the policy of Islamic product's promotional creative content.


ABSTRACT On the 18th January 2000 a broken pipeline owned and operated by the oil company Petrobras spilt some 1300 tonne of bunker fuel into Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro. The wildlife response was divided amongst 2 operational strategies and included – avian fauna and cetaceans. This paper deals with the cetacean response only. Cetaceans are generally not considered as an important feature of an oil spill response. Contingency planning for cetaceans in oil spills is now becoming an important element for preparedness for some countries. The cetacean response in Guanabara Bay specifically targeted a pod of about 70 members of the species Sotalia fluviatilis, a small dolphin that inhabits the bay. The response included the development of a plan that included a response system, a monitoring program and action plans. The response system detailed the mechanism for the plan to work and adopted the incident control management system. The monitoring program related to the study of any short term or long term del...


Recently Peter Keevash solved asymptotically the existence question for Steiner systems by showing that S(t, k, n) exists whenever the necessary divisibility conditions on the parameters are satisfied and n is sufficiently large in terms of k and t. The purpose of this paper is to make a conjecture which if true would be a significant extension of Keevash's theorem, and to give some theoretical and computational evidence for the conjecture. We phrase the conjecture in terms of the notions (which we define here) of synchronization and separation for association schemes. These definitions are based on those for permutation groups which grow out of the theory of synchronization in finite automata. In this theory, two classes of permutation groups (called synchronizing and separating) lying between primitive and 2-homogeneous are defined. A big open question is how the permutation group induced by Sn on k-subsets of {1, . . . , n} fits in this hierarchy; our conjecture would give a solution to this problem for n large in terms of k. We prove the conjecture in the case k = 4: our result asserts that Sn acting on 4-sets is separating for n > 10 (it fails to be synchronizing for n = 9). MSC classification: Primary 20B15; secondary 05E30, 20M35 1 The definitions The concepts of synchronization and separation were defined for permutation groups about ten years ago (see [1]). We outline the definitions here and extend them to association schemes. A (finite-state deterministic) automaton is a machine which can be in one of a finite set Ω of internal states. On reading a letter from the alphabet associated with the automaton, it undergoes a change of state. If the machine reads a word (a finite sequence of letters), the corresponding state changes are composed. ∗Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com


Cochlear Implants are widely accepted prosthetic devices that improve the hearing ability of people with profound hearing loss. The cochlear implant speech processor is responsible for decomposing the input sound into different frequency bands and delivering the most appropriate pattern to the electrodes. The performance of the cochlear prostheses depends on various parameters such as number of channels, number of electrodes, type of stimulation, rate of stimulation and compression function. The objective of this paper is to review how the sound signals are coded in cochlear implants, using different speech processing strategies focusing on waveform, feature-extraction and hybrid. The review describes the coding of sound for single and multi-channel implants based on the type (analog and pulsatile), rate of stimulation and compression function. Also, speech processing strategies used in currently available commercial cochlear speech processors are presented. Results of several investigations show that the strategies based on spectral signal analysis allow for better speech understanding than speech feature extraction. Though the performance of different strategies is variable from patient to patient, certain strategies have variable features which improve the speech perception.


Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is a research subject of many experts and scholars in information, control and communication, and it is also a key technology in smart antenna and sonar array system. In this paper, the direction of arrival of the signal is estimated by establishing a classification network model of deep learning. After training, the network model can effectively identify the direction of arrival of the unknown signal. Under the same signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment, it is verified by software simulation that the accuracy is improved compared with the classical music algorithm.


Reconfiguration of shipboard power system is a typical non-linear discrete optimisation problem. A model of shipboard power system is established. Discrete particle swarm optimisation (DPSO) is used to solve reconfiguration problem. The result of simulation shows that DPSO can reconfigure shipboard power system efficiently.


Whether green finance can promote agriculture to achieve carbon emission reduction is an important issue in agricultural sustainable development. Based on panel data on 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, this paper established a mediation effect framework and employed stepwise regression and bootstrapping to study whether and how green finance can promote carbon emission reduction in China's agricultural sector. The empirical research results indicate that the development of green finance can significantly reduce China's agricultural carbon emission intensity. Using instrumental variables for robustness regression tests, the empirical results were also found to be robust. Further research found that green finance can not only directly promote agricultural carbon emission reduction but also indirectly facilitate it by optimizing the agricultural industrial structure and guiding agricultural technological progress. Finally, this article puts forward a number of policy recommendations to actively develop green finance, optimize the structure of the agricultural industry, and promote the progress of agricultural technology with the overarching aim of promoting the sustainable development of China's agriculture through green finance.


General characteristics of groundwater contamination by As were reviewed with several recent researches, and its occurrence in groundwater of Korea was investigated based on a ffw previous studies and a groundwater quality survey in Nonsan and Geumsan areas. In Bangladesh, which has been known as the most serious arsenic calamity country, about of the shallow groundwaters exceeded the Bangladesh drinking water standard, , and it was estimated that about 28 million people were exposed to concentrations greater than the standard. Groundwater was characterized by circum-neutral pH with a moderate to strong reducing conditions. Low concentrations of and , and high contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and were typical chemical characteristics. Total As concentrations were enriched in the Holocene alluvial aquifers with a dominance of As(III) species. It was generally agreed that reductive dissolution of Fe oxyhydroxides was the main mechanism for the release of As into groundwater coupling with the presence of organic matters and microbial activities as principal factors. A new model has also been suggested to explain how arsenic can naturally contaminate groundwaters far from the ultimate source with transport of As by active tectonic uplift and glaciatiion during Pleistocene, chemical weathering and deposition, and microbial reaction processes. In Korea, it has not been reported to be so serious As contamination, and from the national groundwater quality monitoring survey, only about of grounwaters have concentrations higher than However, it was revealed that of mineral waters, and of tube-well waters from Nonsan and Geumsan areas contained As concentrations above . Also, percentages exceeding this value during detailed groundwater quality surveys were from Jeonnam and Ulsan areas, respectively, indicating As enrichment possibly by geological factors and local mineralization. Further systematic researches need to proceed in areas potential to As contamination such as mineralized, metasedimentary rock-based, alluvial, and acid sulfate soil areas. Prior to that, it is required to understand various geochemical and microbial processes, and groundwater flow characteristics affecting the behavior of As.


This paper proposes a novel method of inferring diacritics for representing between-word variation (exceptionality) in Optimality Theoretic (OT) grammars (e.g., Pater 2000, 2010) that makes it possible to infer such diacritics in the face of within-word variation. Existing methods of inferring diacritics in OT (Pater 2010, Becker 2009, Coetzee 2009) are based in categorical grammar learning (Tesar 1995), which makes them unable to handle within-word variation. Existing methods of inferring probabilistic OT grammars (e.g., Boersma 1998) handle within-word variation well, but have no provision to distinguish exceptional from non-exceptional words, and are incompatible with the main idea in Pater (2010). I show that this latter idea can be made compatible with probabilistic grammars based on a case study from Hebrew (Temkin-Martinez 2010), so that both within- and between-word variation can be learned.


Background and overview. Chinese Unicorn startups and internet products. Internet product life cycle management and product development. Product life cycle management and growth strategies of Chinese Unicorns.


Green IT initiatives have gained momentum in the past few years and more and more organizations across the globe, are dedicating their strategic and financial resources to integrate their business goals with green IT practices. Not only there is a growing market potential for green products and services, but also an intense cost cutting and energy saving focus specially in the turbulent economic times. Recycling of obsolete IT products, E-Waste, reduced energy consumption through better utilization of information technology tools, virtualization or cloud computing for optimizing resource use are few of the most commonly used green IT initiatives. The present paper is attempt to throw light on current and future green IT trends and the challenges ahead as well as the important issues and concerns on the topic.


Among the world's most unstable regions, West Africa in the last decade has experienced a web of conflicts with profound and wide-ranging effects. West Africa's Security Challenges is the first comprehensive assessment of the resulting mix of setbacks and progress. The authors provide a context for understanding the region's security dilemmas, highlighting the link between failures of economic development, governance, and democratization on the one hand and military insecurity and violent conflicts on the other. The role of key regional and external actors in foiling - and sometimes fueling - conflicts is also examined. The result is an analysis that is not only academically rigorous, but relevant to current policy debates.


Mountain land erosion and plain accumulation are two different representations of physiographic time.Based on the correlation among,coarsely granular material at the lower part of plain,fine granular material at the upper part of the plain and the surface weathered crust or paleosoil,this paper renamed the physiographic time of North China,which are as follows: the late Cretaceous Period physiographic time is presented as Beitai Period Erosion-Lugou bridgeand Wuji Period Accumulation;the early Tertiary Period physiographic time is presented as Dianziliang, Period Erosion-Kongdian and Shahe River Period Accumulation;the late Tertiary Period physiographic time is presented as Tang County Period Erosion-Guantao and Minghua Town Period Accumulation;the early Pleistocene Epoch physiographic time is presented as Fenhe River Period Erosion-Gu'an Period Accumulation;the middle Pleistocene Epoch physiographic time is presented as Huangshui Period Erosion-Yangliuqing Period Accumulation;the late Pleistocene Epoch physiographic time is presented as Qingshui Period Erosion-Ouzhuang Period Accumulation;the early and the middle Holocene physiographic time is presented as Banqiao Period Erosion-Yangjiasi and Gaowan Period Accumulation;the late Holocene physiographic time is presented as Duanqu Period Erosion-Qikou Period Accumulation.


Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of steel in argon-rich shielding usually features free-metal transfer and short-circuiting metal transfer. Projected spray transfer in one droplet per pulse (ODPP) mode in combination with the droplet detachment feedback control is one of the most effective approaches to guarantee high weld quality. This paper explores new methods for controlling mass and heat transfer based on droplet detachment behavior in rapid prototyping by 3D welding. Three groups of experiments are performed based on the different welding current wave forms, pure square wave, square wave combined with sine wave (combined wave), and pure sine wave. Compared with the pure square wave form, the combined wave form can generate a weld bead with a more narrow and shallow penetration profile (the width and depth are 3.04 mm and 0.22 mm, respectively). When a pure sine wave form is used, the droplet is forced to oscillate once at the wire tip (the oscillation cycle equals the pulse cycle) and then detaches smoothly; the droplet is accompanied by a characteristically harmonious sound. Recorded images show that the droplet in a square or combined wave form can be forced to oscillate twice (the oscillation cycle equals half of the pulsed cycle) before it detaches. Careful selection of parameters is required to generate multiple oscillations for the droplet before it detaches. Photos of a weld cross section reveal that the penetration profile can be greatly improved using a combined wave form. The results achieved are not only effective for mass and heat control in rapid prototyping by 3D welding, but also are beneficial for further investigation of the droplet detachment behavior in GMAW.


Global Solution to the One-Dimensional Equations for a SelfGravitating Viscous Radiative and Reactive Gas(Mathematical Analysis in Fluid and Gas Dynamics : A conference in honor of Professor Tai-Ping Liu on his 60th Birthday) Author(s) UMEHARA, Morimichi; TANI, Atusi Citation 数理解析研究所講究録 (2006), 1495: 8-25 Issue Date 2006-05 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/58318 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher


As disease and death have prevailed among all people, from the earliest period, so physicians have always been a necessary evil. Since the day Adam got rheumatism cooling off too quickly after his day's work, and Eve became subject to nervous headaches, worrying over the meals and the children, the doctors have been with us, and, unless they meet with better success in discovering "elixirs" in the future than they have in the past, bid fair to stay by us forever. The Indian medicine-man was a unique character, and a person of some prominence among his tribesmen. Like the average practitioner in some little town, he could afford to dress better than his fellows. So in Africa, and every other country, the doctor is a distinguished individual, because from the very nature of his subject, no one except another doctor can say that he doesn't know a great deal about


The technique of in vitro culture production of Melastoma dodecandrum was developed from the explants taken from stem segments.The results showed that on the solid MS medium supplemented with 6-BA 1.5mg/L and NAA 1.0 mg/L for inducing the germination adventitious buds,the inducing rate was 76.6%.The solid MS medium with 6-BA 0.25mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L were used for multiplication,the proliferation rate was over 8.8.It was the appropriate rooting culture medium of MS with 6-BA 0.25mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L.