Passive Radar systems, also referred to as Passive Coherent Location systems (PCL),exploit reflections from illuminators of opportunity in order to detect and track objects. Over the last few years there has been an evolution of mobile networks towards the third generation radio wireless communications (3G) as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). The UMTS is the European standard for 3G wireless communication and it has been developed by 3gpp (3rd Generation Partnership Project). The downlink signal transmitted from the UMTS base-station (or Node B) presents interesting properties that induced us to verify the usability of the UMTS signal as opportunity signal for passive radar systems. In order to obtain some performance evaluations, we have studied the ambiguity function of UMTS signal through a Simulink® model based on the WCDMA library. The simulations have proven that the UMTS signal has good properties in term of range and Doppler resolution. In the last section the bistatic geometry effects on the ambiguity function has been studied.


In this study, an analytical solution is developed for the investigation of free vibration, static buckling and dynamic instability of castellated beams subjected to transverse periodic loading. Bolotin's method is used to perform the dynamic instability analysis. By assuming the instability modes, the mass, stiffness, and geometric stiffness matrices are derived using the kinetic energy, strain energy and potential of applied loads. Analytical equations for determining the free vibration frequency, critical buckling moment, and excitation frequency of castellated beams are derived. In addition, the influences of the flange width of the castellated beam and the static part of the applied load on the variation of dynamic instability zones are discussed.


The agricultural liberalization market process remains stalled Doha Round. The terms in protection levels reductions are negotiated, but the emergence of the global crisis constrains public resources to sustain them. In addition, the use of some grains as inputs in the production of biofuels, has contributed to the price increase in foods, although this production is an alternative to fossil fuels use and can help to reduce further environmental degradation. In this paper we analyze the main variables to be taken into account when negotiating the liberalization of agricultural trade, but also of biofuels in the context of Doha Round.


The article deals with the general considerations on the relationship between Public and Private Law and on the relationship of the Professional Soldiers Act (Act no. 221/1999 Coll., on Professional Soldiers) to other legal regulations. The contribution also defines and interprets certain terms (family, household/shared household, close person, child, spouse/ partner) at which demonstrates the combination of both legislative branches. It attempts to demonstrate that the laws so called armed legislation, particularly the Professional Soldiers Act is not a world closed on itself, but rather an area that is a part of the unified legal system linked to a number of laws, including Private Law (especially to the Civil Code and Labour Code). Klíčová slova: Zákon o vojácích z povolání; ozbrojené síly ČR; veřejné právo; soukromé právo; občanský zákoník; zákoník práce; subsidiarita.


For improving mobility of the elderly, it is desirable to use a lower limb exoskeleton to enhance strength and endurance for their daily life activities. This paper presents a novel design of assist torque generation and compliant motion of a knee joint for an exoskeleton robot. Based on a sensorless approach, a method is suggested to estimate the external torque and generate the assistance torque of the attached DC motor. The developed lower limb exoskeleton joint provides assistive torque in order to comply with motion of the user. In comparison with existing lower limb exoskeletons, the proposed exoskeleton robot can execute various training programs by adjusting the assisting torque with less sensors and reduced hardware complexity. Experimental results on a knee exoskeleton validate the proposed method. Desirable assistive torque can be generated to be compliant with a swing motion.


Retrograde reactions that produce more refractory molecular structures are undesirable in coal liquefaction. The authors previously found that restricted mass transport, induced by immobilization on a silica support, promotes retrograde reactions for 1,2-diphenylethane (C{sub 6}H{sub 5}CH{sub 2}CH{sub 2}C{sub 6}H{sub 5}) by both skeletal rearrangement and ring growth (cyclization-dehydrogenation) pathways involving free-radical intermediates. They are now examining the influence of heteroatoms on the retrograde pathways for the corresponding surface-immobilized ether (C{sub 6}H{sub 5}OCH{sub 2}C{sub 6}H{sub 5}) and sulfide (C{sub 6}H{sub 5}SCH{sub 2}C{sub 6}H{sub 5}) model compounds at 275--350 C. Cyclization-dehydrogenation pathways are not detected for either model compound. However, retrograde skeletal rearrangements involving 1,2-phenyl shifts in C{sub 6}H{sub 5}XCH{center_dot}C{sub 6}H{sub 5} (X = O,S) are found to be significant under restricted diffusion, and for X = O, radical coupling at ring carbons to form benzylphenols is also observed as a major pathway. For surface-immobilized benzyl phenyl ether, the two retrograde processes account for ca. 50% of the thermolysis products, and also generate reactive hydroxyl and keto functionalities that can be involved in additional retrograde reactions.


The scope of the social function of soil referred to in Article 58 of the policy Constitution, limits private property and affects the interests of individuals in the community soil of Bogota D.C.
The Government, over a hundred years ago encourages housing plans in order to reduce their qualitative and quantitative deficit in the cities of Colombia. At present, with housing construction of priority interest for the displace people by violence, affected by the winter, the handicapped, single mothers, and those who are in state of extreme poverty. Land resources are used, which individuals by the social function soil must yield, resulting in a decrease in new construction projects by urbanistic burdens, and greater focus on the implementation of the soil, or large percentage him, for housing programs in the social.
Projects should be covered by the Land Management Plans under the guidelines of the municipalities or districts as the act 388 of 1997 authorizes, and help private sector in function of Article 58 of the Constitution. Programs in favor of decent housing and equality in the country, as well says international treaties, the Constitution, acts, jurisprudence and doctrine.


Samples of female lllex argentinus were taken from the catch of a Japanese squid jigging vessel on the Patagonian Shelf during March 1986. Morphometrics of the somatic and reproductive organ systems and the histological structure of the mantle in relation to maturation were examined. The data suggest that growth and maturation occur simultaneously during most of the time that lllex argentinus females are on the feeding grounds. In a squid of a 'standard' mantle length the whole body mass increases relative to mantle length during maturation and growth of the reproductive organs. This is accompanied by a small but significant decrease in the relative mass of the mantle, head and viscera whilst the mass of the digestive gland remains constant. Although mantle mass of a 'standard' female squid decreases relative to mantle length with maturity this is not associated with degeneration of the mantle muscles. Energy and nutrient resources for maturation are apparently derived from the squid's food, not from reserves, and during the course of maturation there is an increasing shift of emphasis from somatic growth to production of gonad and accessory reproductive organs.


Some 2 (2 chloro ethoxy) acetates were prepared by the reaction of 2 oxo 1,4 dixane with alcohol and thionyl chloride.Some reactions of ethyl 2 (2 chloro ethoxy) acetate were studied.2 Oxo 1,4 dixane was obtained renewably by the reaction of ethyl 2 (2 chloro ethoxy) acetate base catalyzed hydrolysis.Under the condition of acid catalyzed hydrolysis,2 (2 chloro ethoxy) acetic acid was obtained.Using IR, 1HNMR and elemental analysis characterized these compounds that mentioned above using MS to confirme some compounds.


The research is devoted to the study of ideas about parenthood, their relationship with individualpersonality characteristics. The basic attention is focused on the relationship of ideas about parenthood with the factors that underlie people's desire for stability or for newness. The analysis of scientific and public sources revealed two types of discursive ideas about parenthood: traditional and modern. Our task is to identify how these ideas are shared by ordinary consciousness. 569 respondents, the average age is 31.72; 95.8% are women, 4.2% are men. To achieve the goal of the study the respondents were questioned in social networks. Data processing and analysis comparison, dispersion and correlation analyses. Results: the influence on the concept of parenthood of socio-demographic and psychological factors was described as well as the features of individuals implementing the modern family model. It was revealed that the vast majority of respondents share ideas about modern parenthood. There were founded the factors which are associated with the preference of a modern or traditional model they are the environment (place of residence, parents lifestyle of the respondents), values, features of the world picture. The results suggest that people's attitudes towards family and parenthood models reflect their fundamental position regarding the acceptance of changes in the modern world. 2357-1330 © 2020 Published by European Publisher.


Obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common breathing disorder during sleep with potential lethality and multi‐complications. Polysomnography (PSG) is now the golden standard for the diagnosis obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome. However, PSG is expensive and time‐consuming. Therefore, it is important to find inexpensive and convenient biomarkers for the diagnosis of OSAHS.


In this paper we prove the strong asymptotic stability of global solution to the initial boundary problem for nonlinear degenerate wave equation by means of the method in M.Aassila[5].


A thermally driven wavelength-selective switch, based on integrated-optic micro-ring resonators is described. This configuration allows high ON/OFF ratios combined with small dimensions. Measurements of the thermal behaviour of a single resonator confirm the switching capability


Conflict is considered to be ubiquitous and has always been endemic in human societies. It is because of this reason that contemporary Africa continues to grapple with the inevitability of conflict. However, in its negative and destructive form, conflict is generally considered as an aberration which should be contained and eliminated if it cannot be avoided. In both traditional and contemporary Africa, the mechanisms that are employed in order to resolve conflicts are usually considered to be indicative of the level of political organization in a particular society. This reason is quite befitting to the optimism which was created by the transmutation from the OAU to the AU. The AU's proposals for innovative changes were anticipated to take the continental organization beyond the limited achievements of its predecessor, the OAU and anxiety about this remains evident across Africa. In the AU's rather complex institutional framework was the Panel of the Wise, a renaissance of the concept of the wise, an indigenous traditional African practice. The Panel is an institution whose enactment is enshrined in the AU Constitutive Act of 2002, and is among the gamut of establishments that are part of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). From the time of its inception, the Panel of the Wise has undertaken a number of peace initiatives across the political hotspots of the African continent. However, the frequency of occurrence and intensity of conflicts has become a serious cause of concern. It challenges the efficacy of the new structures put in place by the AU to manage and prevent conflict on the continent. It is against this purview that the impact of the Panel of the Wise's endeavors in trying to effectively mediate and prevent conflict remains a pipedream at this juncture.


Popular sports tracking applications allow athletes to share and compare their personal performance data with others. Visualizing this data in relevant public settings can be beneficial in provoking novel types of opportunistic and communal sense‐making. We investigated this premise by situating an analytical visualization of running performances on two touch‐enabled public displays in proximity to a local community running trail. Using a rich mixed‐method evaluation protocol during a three‐week‐long in‐the‐wild deployment, we captured its social and analytical impact across 235 distinct interaction sessions. Our results show how our public analytical visualization supported passers‐by to create novel insights that were rather of casual nature. Several textual features that surrounded the visualization, such as titles that were framed as provocative hypotheses and predefined attention‐grabbing data queries, sparked interest and social debate, while a narrative tutorial facilitated more analytical interaction patterns. Our detailed mixed‐methods evaluation approach led to a set of actionable takeaways for public visualizations that allow novice audiences to engage with data analytical insights that have local relevance.


: Sexuality is a human dimension whose study makes it possible to understand the civilizing process and the direction of social conduct. The historical bias of sexuality brings multiple possibilities, in this work we prioritized a bibliographical research of an exploratory nature to detect patterns of sexuality in classical civilizations: China, Greece, Rome, Persia and India, in the book History of Sexuality by Peter Stearns. The analysis aimed to focus on specific aspects of sexuality such as interest in sexual pleasure, division by gender, the role and participation of women, homoerotic relationships, prostitution, culture and art. Sex for procreative purposes was a constant in all the civilizations analyzed. Interest in sexual pleasure varied according to cultural conditions. Interest in female pleasure showed greater and lesser emphasis in India and Greece respectively. Sex outside of marriage was frowned upon when practiced by women. Female prostitution socially accepts the distinction between respectable and non-respectable women. Homoerotic sexuality was more freely practiced in Greece than in other places and at the same time it was the place that most devalued female sexuality. Among the Greeks, passivity was frowned upon, but sex between men was a matter of parity. In terms of sex and art, China produced little in this regard, whereas the Greeks explicitly produced sex as an artistic expression. The sexual artistic themes of the Romans were influenced by Greeks but were less obscene and more apotropaic. In India, erotic art presented itself as a form of intersection between sexuality and religiosity, showing a mixture of sex, deities, anatomical details and sexual positions. The societies analyzed were more open to fantasies and wanton sexual conduct in art and culture than in everyday life.


The current study was carried out to assess the immunomodulatory activity of methanolic extract of Buchholzia coriacea seeds on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected mice comparing with Levamisole as drug reference. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction, humoral antibody response and in vivo leucocyte mobilization were assessed in three different experiments. A total of 75 mice at 25 mice per experiment were used for the study. The extract was able to inhibit delayed hypersensitivity reaction at 250 and 500mg/kg. However, the dose of 1000mg/kg significantly increased the paw size when compared with the control. The Levamisole group did not differ from the infected control. The extract caused elevation of secondary sheep RBCs specific antibody titre at all doses of the extract tested. The increased antibody titre was not dose dependent. The elevation was more pronounced at 500mg/kg than in 250 and 1000mg/kg. However, all the extract treated groups were significantly higher than the control but not with the Levamisole treated group. The effect of the extract on in vivo leucocytes mobilization led to increase in total leucocytes count. The dose of 1000mg/kg produced the highest leucocytes mobilization and was significantly higher than Levamisole and control groups. In differential leucocytes mobilization, all the doses tested improved the neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. However, the basophil, monocyte and eosinophil of the extract treated group showed decrease in number when compared with the control group. The results of the present study concluded that, Buchholzia coriacea seeds possess immunostimulatory activity on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected mice.


Based on the analysis of the eco-environment character of Poyang Lake region,the natural fragile is analyzed from geology,topography,soil,climate,vegetation and hydrology. The order of the natural fragile of every county is Nanchang County Poyang CountyDe'an CountyYongxiu CountyXinjian CountyXingzi CountyYugan County(Jiujiang) CountyHukou CountyJinxian CountyDuchang County.


With the rapid development of water conservancy industries,in order to satisfy the increasing requires for quality and efficiency,the importance of 3D geological modeling has become more and more prominent. The authors use GeoStation software based on MicroStation 3D platform,set a 3D geological model of Gelantan Hydropower Station,Lixianjiang River,Yunnan,to give a brief introduction on modeling process and utilization.


Objective To study the clinical experience and value of double mesh plug tension-free hernioplasty to giant inguinal hernia.Methods The information 24 patients who were cured with double mesh plug tension-free hernioplasty to giant inguinal hernia in August 2008 to April 2012,which combined with chronic respiratory disease,the prostate gland hyperplasia,habitual constipation and cardiovascular diseases as 8 cases(33.3%).Results They are not death,incisions are not infection,they are allⅠ-healing and leaves the hospital after 3 to 7 days.Following-up 1 ~ 44 months,average 24 months,following-up rate is 100%.They are not a case of recurrence.Conclusion The double mesh plug tension-free hernioplasty to giant inguinal hernia huge accords with human body's physiological anatomy.Its operations are simply.Its separating anatomy is less,its damages are light.The hernia ring fillings design is reasonable and no tension suture.The recurrence rate is low.The repair is fast after operation.The complications are less.Its repairments are solid and reliable.It is worth clinical application.


Features- CherrCo helps bring market stability to tart cherry industry; Trading Up; Consolidation in the heartland; Are you a good leader?; Cooperative Agro Pastorale Segbeya


Jewish Studies as an academic discipline is enjoying unprecedented growth especially in America, and in this country as well. This has brought with it a significant expansion in the production of scholarly literature in the field. Because Jews have lived under most diverse conditions, and have been in contact with a wide variety of cultures, affecting and being affected by different civilizations, the range of Jewish Studies is almost co-extensive with all the humanities, providing unusual scope for interdisciplinary research. We shall take a brief look at some recent books which illustrate the kind of work being done. For historical reasons priority belongs to Professor Mansoor's translation of an eleventh-century Jewish classic The Duties of the Heart. It was written by a Spanish rabbi, Bahya ibn Pakuda, in Arabic using Hebrew characters and was translated into Hebrew in 1160. Among the first books to be printed in Hebrew (Naples, 1489), numerous editions have appeared since then and renderings of the Hebrew version have been published in several European languages, including English. The book deals with the nature of faith and religious motivation and continues to exercise considerable influence in Jewish circles. An English translation from the original Arabic is therefore warmly to be welcomed. The handicaps faced by a translator of a medieval work are formidable indeed, and as far as I can judge it seems that Professor Mansoor has acquitted himself well. In some respects, however, his desire to project the literalness of the Arabic original has not been beneficial. For example, Bahya introduces arguments from design. Would anyone suggest that a


In Nick Davidson's second article on government expectations for saving 30m pounds by streamlining NHS administration, he looks at non-management costs and asks what kind of savings could be made. He examines Beckenham Hospital's savings committee which is exploring methods of cutting costs without affecting patient services.


This paper presents one interesting metric discovered while studying convergence of series with alternating signs. In previous papers D1] and D2] the author has presented study of typical series with alternating signs. Namely, given a sequence of real nonnegative numbers whose sum is innnity we consider all diierent ways the signs plus or minus could be put in front of each of these numbers. In given metric we ask what is the 'size' of the set of those choices of + or ? for which the resulting series with alternating signs converges. The term 'size' here means either the Baire category or porosity of this set. While metrics studied before as Frech et, Baire or Euclidean allowed us to get interesting results, they all share one undesired property-insensitiveness to the change of a 'tail' of a sequence. Newly introduced D-metric solves this problem.


BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: T-bet (T box expressed in T cells), a Th1-specific T box transcription factor, controls many kinds of immune cells, such as Th1, NK, CD8(superscript +), dendritic cells, and B cells. This study was to explore potential effects of T-bet gene on biological functions of mouse macrophage Raw264.7 cells in vitro. METHODS: The eukaryotic expression vector carrying mouse T-bet (pcDNA3.0-mT-bet) was constructed and identified by consequence analysis, double restrictive endonucleases digestion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The gene expression in Raw264.7 cells was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. PBS, pcDNA3.0, and pcDNA3.0-mT-bet were transiently transfected into Raw264.7 cells respectively; cell cycle, MHC Ⅰ/Ⅱ expression levels, phagocytic activity of FITO-dextran, nitric oxide (NO) secretion level, and the cytotoxicity of Raw264.7 cells to mouse leukemia cell line L1210 were evaluated 48 hours after transfection. RESULTS: Eukarytic expression vector which could express T-bet protein in Raw264.7 cells was successfully constructed. There was no difference in cell cycle between pcDNA3.0 group and pcDNA3.0-mT-bet group. There was significant difference in MHC Ⅰ expression level between pcDNA3.0 group (20.8±0.7) and pcDNA3.0-mT-bet group (24.8±0.6, P<0.05), but not in MHC Ⅱ expression level; there was also difference in mean fluorescence intensity of phagocytized dextran between pcDNA3.0 group(28.2±0.4) and pcDNA3.0-mT-bet group (32.8±0.8, P<0.05); there was also significant difference in NO secretion level between pcDNA3 group(0 pmol) and pcDNA3.0-mT-bet group [(1.7±0.6) pmol, P<0.05] without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation; meanwhile, significant difference was also observed between pcDNA3.0 group[(10.5±1.3) pmol] and pcDNA3.0-mT-bet group (15.6±1.6) pmol, P<0.05] under the stimulation of LPS (10 μg/ml) for 20 h; there was also difference in cytotoxicity of Raw264.7 cells to L1210 cells in vitro between pcDNA3 group[(35.6±2.1)%) and pcDNA3.0-mT-bet group [(51.9±3.5)%, P<0.05]. CONCLUSION: I-bet up-regulates MHCⅠ expression and NO secretion level in Raw264.7 cells, increases their cytotoxicity to L1210 cells, but has no influences on the cell cycle and MHC Ⅱ expression.


The main aim of this investigation is to depict the effect of veneering and substrate material thicknesses on the residual stresses occurred on dental restoration after cooling process. The finite element method was used to determine residual stresses distribution on dental restoration. To this end, transient thermal stress analyses were carried out on two-dimensional finite element models during cooling time. It was used dental porcelain and Ni-Cr as veneering and substrate material, respectively. Firstly, cooling curve of dental restoration after firing process was obtained experimentally. Then, to compare experimental and numerical (obtained from the finite element program) cooling curves, an equivalent convection coefficients (Arman vd, 2009) depending on time were defined on the finite element program. The result of the minor revisions on the equivalent convection coefficients, the numerical cooling curve was closed up to experimental cooling curve. ANSYS finite element program was used in the finite element analyses. According to the finite element results, it was seen that residual stresses were significantly affected by the thickness of veneering porcelain and Ni-Cr substrate.


OBJECTIVE
To identify consistency of the composition and efficacy of Porcellio scaber and Armadillidium vulgare and provide reference for the safe and scientific use of the medicinal material.

METHODS
Identified the Porcellio scaber and the Armadillidium vulgare with the method of characteristics; Compared the two chemical composition by thin layer method; Determined the extract by water and ethanol using the pharmacopoeia extract method.

RESULTS
Porcellio scaber and Armadillidium vulgare were two varieties, they had similar chemical composition, the water and ethanol extract were the same.

CONCLUSION
The compostion and efficary of Porcellio scaber and Armadillidium vulgare are the same, and these two varieties can be mixed or used alone.


The possibility that the Crab pulsar produces a separated ion-dominated and pair-plasma-dominated, magnetically striped relativistic wind is assessed by rough estimates of the polar cap acceleration of the ion and electron primary beams, the pair production of secondary electrons and positrons, and a simple model of the near-magnetosphere-wind zone. For simplicity, only the orthogonal rotator is considered. Below (above) the rotational equator, ions (electrons) are accelerated in a thin sheath, of order (much less than) the width of the polar cap, to Lorentz factor . The accelerating parallel electric field is shorted out by ion–photon (curvature synchrotron) pair production. With strong, but fairly reasonable, assumptions, a set of general magnetic geometry relativistic wind equations is derived and shown to reduce to conservation relations that are similar to those of the wind from a magnetic monopole. The strength of the field-aligned currents carried by the primary beams is determined by the wind's Alfvén critical point condition to be about eight times the Goldreich–Julian value. A simple model for the transition from the dipole region wind to the asymptotic monopole wind zone is developed. The asymptotic ratio of Poynting flux to ion (pair plasma) kinetic energy flux—the wind -parameter—is found to be of order . The far wind zone is likely to be complex, with the ion-dominated and pair-plasma-dominated magnetic stripes merging, and the oppositely directed azimuthal magnetic fields annihilating.


This paper proposes an efficient assessment scheme for curriculum quality of higher education by using of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The influencing factors of assessment quality are analyzed in terms of knowledge instruction, personnel cultivation and social service, and then a multi-parameter assessment index system for curriculum quality of higher education and its corresponding mathematical assessment model are established based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). Meanwhile, the concrete assessment steps of curriculum quality are presented in detail. Additionally, to verify the rationality and feasibility of the proposed assessment method, the higher education course of Military History as the example would be studied.


Church memberships per Christian denominations follow a power law distribution, with older denominations tending to fit that distribution more closely than younger ones. These results lend support to Rodney Stark's theory regarding the growth of churches as the result of interpersonal relationships rather than doctrine.


One of the advantages of a complex cavity is the possibility of suppression of parasitic modes by a properly chosen geometry. However, due to nonlinear dynamical effects other modes can be excited and, possibly, ruin the expected advantage mentioned. We study the conditions of self excitation of parasitic modes in the presence of oscillations of the operating mode. Detailed results are presented for a complex cavity with the mode conversion TE03/TE06 planned for the KfK experiment.


Mechanical seals are susceptible to premature failure due to intense heat generation at the interface between the ro tating and stationary seal faces. Heat checking, blistering, and hot spotting are all manifestations of surface damage that emanate from heat and eventually result in the leakage of the process fluid to the ambient. Accordingly, adverse environmental impact, safety concerns, and economic loss due to forced shut down are the driving force behind the need for research and development for new remedies that can remove or alleviate the shortcomings of the existing mechanical seals. In this presentation we will discuss a mechanical sea l (US Patent Application No. 10/689,406) with an internal heat exchanger within the body of the mating ring that channels a coolant toward the interface to effectively cool the seal faces. The coolant may be either liquid or gas, such as instrument air.


We present a QQVGA (160times120 with 3 sub-pixel) top-emitting AMOLED display with 85ppi resolution using a self-aligned (SA) IGZO TFT backplane on polyimide-foil. The back plane process flow is based on a 5 layer photolithography process. The aperture ratio of the top-emitting OLEDs is approx. 25%. For operation at 6 V supply voltage (VDD), the brightness of the display exceeds 150cd/m2. On the same substrate a 160 stage gate-driver was measured at FHD rate. cop. 2014 Society for Information Display.


On the basis of the itinerant 4f electron model, the electronic structure is calculated for α-Ce by a relativistic linear augmented-plane-wave method. The Fermi surface is found to consist of small electron and hole pockets as well as the multiply-connected hole sheet. The multiply-connected hole sheet holds no open orbit, and this result is not inconsistent with the recent experimental result for the high-field magnetoresistance.


Incidental findings in echocardiography performed from other indications are not always able to explain the patient condition as well as the observed pathology. However, review of literature, helps to find the most possible explanation. We present a case study of a patient with our proposal of possible diagnosis.

 28-year old female with hypothyroidism and no other concomitant diseases presented with easy fatigue. Exercise stress test was clinically and ECG negative with 12,8 METs. Transthoracic echocardiography showed normal size of heart structures with preserved systolic and diastolic function of both left and right chamber. The only abnormality was a cystic structure of 44x31x34 cm in interatrial septum which was protruding to both left and right atrium and was not affecting the blood flow with normal gradients. We did not find any signs of inflammation nor infiltration to the heart walls. There was no flow inside the cyst with the use of colour Doppler. The structure had homogenous echolucency with very thin walls and a septum inside. As we did not find any connection between the cyst and the atriums we considered it as not harmful in terms of a risk of embolization. Patient was hemodynamically stable, there was no history of neurological dysfunctions nor atrioventricular conduction disturbances. Taking into account possible diagnoses for that patient we decided to schedule the patient for follow-ups. Ten years observation period confirmed that that our approach was proper. Serial echocardiographic studies showed no change in the cyst. In this year we performed multimodality imaging with CT and MRI, which showed the same views as echocardiography.

 The most possible diagnose for our patient is a bronchogenic cyst, a very rare congenital bronchopulmonary malformation of the foregut that is usually found incidentally with mostly asymptomatic benign course. Also the localization of the cyst confirms that diagnosis. Nevertheless the final diagnosis would be possible only in histopathological study.
 The differential diagnosis should include a cystic myxoma and echinococcosis. However the structure is not polycystic and seems to have homogenous echolucency. We ruled out the blood cyst because of the lack of typical localization and connection to valves.
 As long as the patient remains asymptomatic surgical resection remains controversial.


Even S. P. Botkin expressed his opinion about the infectious nature of "catarrhal jaundice". His student N. P. Vasiliev (1888) described the clinical picture and gave epidemiological data on jaundice, proceeding with high fever, symptoms of intoxication, damage to the liver, spleen, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract disorders, meningeal phenomena, hemorrhages, nosebleeds, rash on the body and herpes on the lips.


This paper researches the channel estimation algorithm based on Multi-input Multi-output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM) system.It is mainly working on the research of channel estimation algorithm based on training sequence Least Square(LS) criterion.Under the premise of the LS time domain channel estimation basic algorithm,it proposes an improved LS time domain channel estimation algorithm and the time domain intercepting algorithm with fixed-length.This algorithm can lower the complexity of calculation.The validity and feasibility of the improved algorithm are analyzed using MATLAB simulation,and a better ideal simulation result is obtained.


Based on the characteristics of polylactic acid fiber, the influence of the classes of enzyme and its concentration, the time and pH value, and temperature of penetrating bath on finished effect of polylactic acid and cotton mixture were discussed. The process conditions were optimized so as to obtain the best technical index of the fabric.


Approximately 1000 whole air samples were collected and assayed for selected C2-C5 hydrocarbons during the 6-week Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition (ABLE 3A). Transit flights enabled latitudinal (40°N to 83°N) and longitudinal (70°W to 155°W) profiles to be obtained for altitudes between 4000 and 6000 m yielding summertime background mixing ratios for ethane, ethyne, propane and n-butane of 1050±200, 100±40, 120±80 and 10±8 pptv, respectively. Drilling associated with oil exploration in the Alaskan North Slope area is suggested to be a probable source of the enhanced levels of alkanes observed in the Arctic region within a radius in excess of 300 km from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. A significant number of pollution plumes were encountered which could be attributed to wildfires. Factors describing the emissions caused by biomass burning relative to ethane for ethyne (0.40) and propane (0.08) were determined. An increase of hydrocarbon mixing ratios with altitude was observed during all but two of the missions. Therefore, the Arctic and sub-Arctic are significantly influenced by the long-range transport of pollutants from nonlocal sources. A single vertical profile made in the vicinity of Wallops Island, Virginia, revealed elevated levels of isoprene, numerous hydrocarbons of the types associated with the leakage of natural gas and fossil fuel combustion, and substantial concentrations of nitrogen oxides and ozone. This implies that long-range transport of various gases from urban areas, combined with local biogenic emissions of isoprene, are significant sources of regional tropospheric ozone.


The invention discloses a stainless steel-coated baffle plate door, belongs to accessory equipment of desulfuration equipment, and particularly relates to a baffle plate door for cutting off smoke. The surface of a wind baffle door plate of a stainless steel-coated baffle plate door is coated with a stainless steel faceplate, the outer frame of the baffle plate door is provided with a square seat outer spherical bearing of which a bearing seat is fixed on a bearing pedestal, baffle plate door shafts fixed at the side face of the wind baffle plate door penetrate through the square seat outer spherical bearing, the outer end of each baffle plate door shaft is provided with a rocker arm, the other end of each rocker arm is connected with each other two by two by connecting rods, and the end head of one baffle plate door shaft is connected with a power output shaft of an electric actuating mechanism by a coupler. The stainless steel-coated baffle plate door takes carbon steel as a base body, and a smoke overflowing surface is coated by super-austenite stainless steel, so that the higher mechanical strength can be guaranteed, the stainless steel-coated baffle plate door is good in corrosive resistance and high temperature resistance, the equipment cost can be greatly reduced, and the stainless steel-coated technology adopted by the equipment is strict in coating, and good in corrosive resistance and high temperature resistance. The popularization of the technology is good in economic effectiveness and environment effectiveness.


Abstract The decrease in number of vaginal births may also be due to the discomfort caused by the episiotomy wounds. Episiotomy wounds are characterized by discomfort, stinging, vulvodynia. The decrease in immunity, the increase in vaginal pH during pregnancy and pregnancy, can cause the appearance of bacterial vulvovaginitis and can lead to poor healing of the episiotomy wound. The patients will be initially evaluated by means of a questionnaire at 24 hours postpartum and then reevaluated at 7 days, when the suture material is removed, by completing the same questionnaire. Bacteriological vaginal secretion examination will also be collected both at 24 hours postpartum and at 40 days. Visual scales will also be used (REEDA scale, VANCOUVER), at 7 days and at 40 days. Thus, starting from the question, is postpartum sexual life influenced by episiotomy wounds, we will try to find an answer to this question by applying a questionnaire prepared by us.


The changes in fatty acid and their relationship with tasting quality of brown rice with different moisture content stored in three different temperatures,low temperature( 15 ℃),quasi-low temperature( 20 ℃) and high temperature( 30 ℃) were studied. The results showed that the fatty acid value( FAV) of the brown rice from the industrial processing were higher than those husked in the laboratory and kept increasing during the storage,especially for the samples with high moisture content as 18. 5%,increased dramatically. The changes in FAV of the samples whose moisture content were lower than17. 5% was not different between been stored in 15 ℃ and 20 ℃ for six months. The oleic acids increased significantly during storage,while linoleic acid decreased with highly significant negative correlation. The palmitic acid was in increasing trend at high temperature. The FAV related with edible quality significantly,which could be used to predict the edible quality of brown rice during storage.


Transfer hidrogen atom during fermentation proces has been studied by SNIF-NMR (Spesific Natural Isotopic Fractionation-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) method. Deuterium transfer waas studied by labeling glucose subtrate with deuterium isotope on its C-1 hydrogen atom site (glucose-1-d1). in this experiment, a serie of fermentation has been prepared by adding a very small quantity. Penulis adalah Dosen Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya MAlang


The invention discloses an intelligent road lamp management system, comprising an operation control platform and a plurality of road lamp controllers; the road lamp controllers are connected with one another by data lines and are respectively connected with the operation control platform; each of the road lamp controllers is arranged in a road lamp. The road lamp is turned on and off by the remote control of a network, data of the road lamp are collected in real time, a maintenance command list is automatically generated, if the road lamp is damaged, an automatic fault positioning alarm is sent, the ID (identity) of the road lamp with the fault is displayed on the operation control platform, maintenance personnel can timely effectively find the road lamp with the fault in the shortest time, the polling workload of the personnel is reduced, the fault removal efficiency is improved, and the wiring cost is reduced and trouble brought by wiring is avoided as the system adopts the wireless zigbee network data transmission.


This paper studies the dynamic performance of an electric machine integrated with the transrotary magnetic gear (MITROMAG) in a motoring mode of operation. MITROMAG is formed by mechanically coupling a rotary electric machine to the rotor of a trans-rotary magnetic gear (TROMAG). TROMAG is a magnetic device that, through magnetic fields, converts a low-torque, high-speed rotation of its rotor to a high-force, low-speed linear motion of its translator, and vice versa. In a motoring mode of operation, the rotor of the TROMAG is driven by a rotary electric motor, and as a result, its translator drives a reciprocating load. A nonlinear dynamic model is developed for the TROMAG. Oscillation tests are presented as examples of how the model can be used to predict the dynamic behavior of the device. The model is then linearized to derive system transfer functions and study the dynamic response of the MITROMAG to speed commands. Experimental results confirm the analysis.


Security holograms (SH) are widely used for authenticity protection of document and product due to difficulties of such a protection mark falsification. Mass production of SH uses widespread technology of hot foil or lavsan paper stamping. The quality of holograms significantly depends on perfection of nickel master-matrix that is used in stamping equipment. We represent the method for automated quality inspection of nickel mastermatrix based on digital processing of its surface relief images. Proposed processing algorithm is based on combination of image spatial frequency analysis and image matching using distortion invariant correlation filters. The results of our method application for real master-matrix inspection are shown in this paper.


Current theories of the vertical limits to firm size emphasize the consequences of opportunistic behavior by managers. The authors introduce opportunistic wage setting by labor unions and trace the implications for profit and investment in specific assets. Although subcontracting to an independent supplier leaves the entrepreneur with a reduced share of the surplus, he is able to pass on the responsibility for making certain investments. Two significant results are that either subcontracting or vertical integration may be privately preferred yet socially inefficient; and there is no straightforward relationship between organizational choice and specific capital intensity. Copyright 1991 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


This paper focuses on the analysis of the longitudinal mechanical properties of Glass Fibre Reinforce Plastic (GFRP) plates with different fibre volume fraction, Vf, by considering both analytical and experimental methods. The laminate is 0/90 E-glass/epoxy woven composite material made by hand lay-up technique. Fiber volume fraction, determined by ignition loss method, has a direct influence on the ultimate strength and modulus of elasticity of the composite plate. Tensile tests on specimens with different volume fractions allow the identification of the mathematical relationship between the fibre volume fraction and the longitudinal elastic modulus. Key Word: GFRP, fibre volume fraction, mechanical properties.


Poverty is one of the problems currently being faced by the Indonesian state. In 2007 the government implemented a conditional cash transfer program known as the Family Hope Program (PKH). One of PKH's goals is to improve the standard of living of beneficiary families. The problem that will be answered in this thesis is how to implement the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Purabaya District, Sukabumi Regency. This type of research is a field research research (field research). This research is a descriptive qualitative research. Sources of data in this study are primary data and secondary data. Where the data collection uses interview techniques, observation and documentation. To analyze the data, the authors used a triangulation descriptive analysis of the data collected by the researcher. Based on the results of research in the field, the implementation of PKH is measured through indicators of Communication, Resources, Disposition and Bureaucratic Structures in Purabaya District. This can be seen from the uneven distribution of aid recipients from the poor in Purabaya District and the limited quota of beneficiaries from the Ministry of Social Affairs.


At present the implementation of fractal image coding is based on the matching search of Jacquin's algorithm. The main shortcoming of this method is that the coding time is too long. Modern search algorithm mainly concerned about finding the best arranging, grouping, and selecting of events. In this paper, the local search algorithm is combined with fractal image coding, so as to improve the coding time at equal peak signal noise ration, or improve the recovery image quality at the same coding time.


The analysis of V.odoratissimum Ker.nutrients showed that there were mineral elements,fiber,proteins,carbohydrates and vitamins including β-carotene.And at least 17 kinds of amino acid in V.odoratissimum Ker.It provided the basic data for the utilization of this wild plant.


Abstract Recent papers have examined the problem of robustness of the stability of multi-variable feedback systems to perturbations ΔG in matrix form. Attention has been primarily focused on the use of the maximal singular value δ ( ΔG). This paper considers how structured information on the uncertainty in each element Δ δ (9) con be used in a similar way based on eigenvalue and singular value analysis.


Objective:To study the antitumor effect of Liangjin mushroom Polysaccharide(LJPS)and its immunity regulating effect on S180-bearing mice.Methods:Antitumor effects of LJPS were observed by establishing S180-bearing mice as animal model.The transformation of spleen lymphocyte,stimulation index,NK activity and LAK activity in S180-bearing mice were measured by MTT.Results:LJPS inhibit the growth of S180 effectively and increase the transformation of spleen lymphocyte,stimulation index,NK activity and LAK activity in S180-bearing mice.Conclusion:The mechanism of tumor-inhibition by LJPS maybe was due to enhance the immune function.


It is believed widely, and with good reason, that some other members of the animal kingdom, like us, have feelings (associated with brain states induced by various sensory inputs and cognitive processes) which can be pleasant or unpleasant. Associated with the strengthening scientific foundations for this belief, there has been growing consensus around the world that we have a moral responsibility, in all of our dealings and interactions with sentient animals, to take account of their feelings. This has led to widespread re-evaluation, in recent years, of the nature of our interactions with other animals. However, assessment of the feelings of animals — the quality of their lives — remains a great challenge for veterinarians and others involved with their management. The fundamental difficulty is that whilst judgements about management or treatment often have to be made on the basis of our inferences of how they feel (ie of the feelings they consciously experience), a subjective step cannot be avoided in making these inferences. We cannot know how other animals feel but can only infer this based on our knowledge of the animal and on our own experiences of feelings. This inevitable 'gap' in objective deductions about feelings is often wide enough that people can reach radically different conclusions when judging an animal's quality of life. Opinions thus often differ regarding the point at which it becomes kinder to euthanase an animal than not to do so, the point at which it becomes kinder not to undertake a potentially painful therapeutic intervention than to do so, and where the balance lies when animal welfare costs are being 'weighed' against some benefit of their use for humans (eg as laboratory, farm or companion animals). The aim of this meeting is to discuss if and how science has helped in developing reasoned approaches to these dilemmas, and to consider the need for further research, education, and policy development.


The author deals with the changes of first names listed in Swedish calendars. She reminds the reader that the first Swedish almanac containing feasts and published by the Catholic Church comes from as early as the 16th century. A much later calendar, issued at the very start of the 20th century, is much different from its predecessors: more than 150 saints' names had been excluded and substituted by 177 new names, while Latin names had been often interchanged with their Swedish forms. A substantial transformation appeared in the 1980s when a new calendar was released containing three names per day, while the first name was always identical with the hitherto official calendar. More changes were introduced in 1993 and 2001. All of the three sets of transformations had their origins in the suggestions of Swedish researchers in onomastics.


We investigate some focusing fourth-order coupled Schrodinger equations. Existence of ground state and global well-posedness are obtained. Moreover, the best constant of some Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality is studied.


A complete theory for evaluating interval forecasts has not been worked out to date. Most of the literature implicitly assumes homoskedastic errors even when this is clearly violated and proceed by merely testing for correct unconditional coverage. Consequently, the author sets out to build a consistent framework for conditional interval forecast evaluation, which is crucial when higher-order moment dynamics are present. The new methodology is demonstrated in an application to the exchange rate forecasting procedures advocated in risk management. Copyright 1998 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.


A comparative study of hospital admissions in England, recently published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, shows that some long-term physical conditions like asthma and migraine may increase the risk of selfharm. The study focused on admissions after an episode of deliberate self-injury, using a linked dataset of Hospital Episode Statistics for 1999-2011. Researchers confirmed the correlation between self-harm and certain mental disorders including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and alcohol abuse. However, they also found an apparent link between some physical health problems and an increased risk of self-harm. Patients with migraine and asthma were almost twice as likely to self-harm, and those with epilepsy were approximately three times more likely to do so. Patients with psoriasis, diabetes, eczema, and inflammatory polyarthropathies showed more moderately increased risk. Other physical conditions studied were not associated with an increased risk. The authors commented that "it is important for physicians, general practitioners, and mental health workers to be aware of the physical disorders that are associated with an increased risk of self-harm so that at-risk individuals may be better identified and can be monitored for any psychiatric symptoms and mental distress."


ABSTRACT As lower priced competition continues to grow in the global arena, firms are increasingly turning to outsourcing, both in the manufacturing and service sectors. This article explores the long-term costs which may occur as a result of outsourcing: a firm's loss of control of its intellectual property, and even more debilitating, the loss or dilution of the core competencies which made the firm a success. Outsourcing of numerous key functions can actually lead to a "hollowing" of the corporation, which is a difficult phenomenon to reverse. Additionally, this article takes a look at how intellectual property protection is becoming a competitive advantage for those countries trying to attract outsourcing contracts. Finally, the authors suggest ideas for future research.


ABSTRACT Aggressively promoting a Web site is the best way to ensure that colleagues and information consumers are aware of the resource's existence. A strategy that worked well for one such resource, The Researching Librarian, is discussed. Methods such as submitting the site to search engines, announcing the site to members of relevant listservs, and informing the media will increase awareness of a resource and usage for sites providing useful and needed content.


Phishing attacks are a significant threat to cybersecurity, while current defense methods do not adequately address the human factor of this threat: the role of experiences and cognitive biases. To better understand human susceptibilities to phishing attacks, we developed an Instance-Based Learning (IBL) model for predicting end-user's behavior in a phishing email detection task. We present a phishing scenario that demonstrates that typically safe end-users can fall victims to phishing attacks in certain circumstances, and these situations are the result of cognitive mechanisms such as frequency and recency and similarities between memory events. We demonstrate the ability of an IBL model to predict human performance in a laboratory phishing detection task. While the results indicate that phishing detection was difficult for the model, it roughly reflects in the data the difficulty humans had. Future research is aimed at enhancing the IBL model to better predict end-user phishing detection, and to explore the ways in which this model can be used as a training tool and online aid for end-user detection of phishing attacks.


Nowadays there are many experimental novelists who are trying to subvert the notion of the traditional novel,but most of their experiments in novel writing hardly arouse the interests of their readers.In such circumstance,the success of the English novelist John Fowles's The French Lieutenant's Woman has become extrodinarily significant which is based on the comments of both common readers and critics.This novel is an experimental work and the experimental techniques in this novel has attracted wide attention,but besides the open endings of this novel,the story itself does't capture enough attention.Through various analysis in this paper,it's not difficult for us to perceive that it is the story that makes the popularity of the novel.So the contemporary novelists should also realize that anti-convention and innovation should be based on the creation of stories.


Serial murderers are rare offenders, and this, coupled with challenges to accessing data about them, poses a significant challenge to empirical investigation. It is also true that female serial murderers are thought to be rarer than their male counterparts and have often been excluded from being labeled "serial murderers" due to narrowly constructed definitions. Thus, female serial murderers are an even more elusive population to study. The results of this exploratory analysis, using newspaper articles to gather data about the crimes of a subset of 10 female serial murderers in the United States, suggest that not only are these women different from men who commit serial murder but also that the scant information published about these rare offenders may have underestimated the female serial murderer in terms of both offender and offense characteristics.


When I call to mind how I met Susan Haack, three memories from three different places come to mind, although the contexts are similar. The first is of an encounter after a lecture I gave in Lima on some problems raised by evidentiary argument. Susan Haack was in the audience (she was giving a lecture later) and when I had finished she came up to me, apologised for not being able to express herself better in Spanish (although her Spanish was a lot better than my English) and gave me a copy of her book Evidence Matters (Haack 2014). The second memory is from Girona, at a congress paying tribute to Michele Taruffo. I gave a lecture on the philosophical problems raised by the possibility of using progress in neuroscience to provide evidence of mental states. Once again, she came up to me afterwards, and offered me her opinion of the importance of language for the emergence of mental states and activities. Then, Larry Laudan called her because they were going to lunch. She replied along these lines: "Just a minute, I'm talking to my friend Daniel." You cannot imagine how honoured I felt at that moment. The third memory is from Alicante, where Susan Haack had come to give a lecture as part of the master's degree course in legal argument. Quite some time had passed since our previous meetings, so I had serious doubts about whether she would recognise me, but she had no sooner caught sight of me than she smiled broadly and opened her arms in recognition. When people ask me about Susan Haack, I tend to recount these stories because they so nicely demonstrate her serious and permanent commitment to philosophy and, at the same time, her affable, open nature and easy manner. Susan Haack has published widely on questions of legal evidence, always with reference to specific themes (the role of probability as a criterion for evaluating evidence, truth in Law, evidence of causality, scientific evidence, etc.) rather than as a general topic. However, each of these works demonstrates that her conception of epistemology can contribute to the subject of legal evidence. In these pages, I am going to try to suggest that foundherentism—presented fundamentally but not exclusively in Evidence and Inquiry (Haack 1993)—can provide a good framework for constructing a theory of legal evidence and for rethinking certain issues which legal philosophers have perhaps considered to be closed. So, I have two aims: firstly, to present the main features of foundherentism, and secondly to link some of these features to important discussions of the theory of evidence in Law. What is Foundherentism,


This is a description of different kinds of insects known and utilized by the ancient people of Mesoamerica. Some were beneficent while others harmful. Among the first we have the cochineal bug for the rich crimson dye it yields when crushed; the maguey slug still retaining its place as a delicacy with guacamole; bees were kept for honey, and the butterfly for its symbolic meaning. The harmful insects such as the bed-bug, louse, fleas, apparently were unknown in Prehispanic times, they were brought by Europeans in the early part of the XVI century.


ABSTRACT With advancements in mobile technologies, online food-delivery aggregators (OFA) have become an important distribution channel for restaurants. This study examines how the OFA applications affect diner's cognitive and affective states and subsequent behavior by empirically testing a research model that incorporates antecedents of transaction reliability for restaurant order booking using a mobile application. Data collected from a survey of 458 respondents are analyzed using SEM. Drawing from SOR, CVT, and cue theory, the research established that product presentation and ease of use predict transaction reliability and are important mobile application attributes while choosing a particular OFA. The moderated mediation model extends the stimulus-organism-response framework and the consumer value theory. The findings demonstrate the moderating influence of gender, where the relationship is stronger for females. The study has a positivist approach with causalities satisfying the fundamental law of SOR theory. Higher media richness shall lead to a positive feeling about the product. A good presentation of the products on the mobile screen shall enhance the perception of product availability. The presence of abundant products makes it easy to search, thereby ease of searching the mobile screen. Mobile applications should be updated regularly to keep pace with the ever-changing mobile technologies.


Let me begin by acknowledging the privileged status of the critical reviewer. It is much easier to critique someone's work than to engage in the serious work of reinterpretation and construction. After critically reading two of Mary Rose D'Angelo's essays—"Remembering Jesus: Women, Prophecy, and Resistance in the Memory of the Early Churches'" and her CTSA essay "The Concrete Foundation of Christianity: Re-Membering Jesus"—I acknowledge that she has written two responsible and scholarly essays which are well researched and give evidence of her deep critical and creative thought. Their originality is provocative and makes one reexamine one's own assumptions and christological positions. In both essays she attempts to "re-member" Jesus in the prophetic reign-of-God movement in such a way as to assist Christian women to claim their power of self-determination and liberation from all that oppresses. She critiques those male supremacist ideological interpretations of Jesus which negatively impact the lives of contemporary women. For the purposes of this seminar I will first identify points of general agreement which I find necessary to modify to some extent. Second, I will indicate areas of disagreement and raise questions for consideration from my perspective as a systematic theologian. Third, I will make some general critical observations. Finally, I will identify briefly the experiential elements for a responsible womanist Christology.


Four new utilizations about anthracite were introduced.They include anthracite water slurry,anthracite conductive polymer material,anthracite-based activated carbon and anthracite used in carbon anode for aluminum electrolysis.A new concept was put forwarded originate that is replaced petrol coke with anthracite in carbon anode for aluminum electrolysis production.It gave a new idea for extended utilization of anthracite.


While there is well documented evidence of certain supra-regional features in African American English (AAE) phonology and morphosyntax (for example, see Labov 1972; Rickford 1999; Baugh 2000; Green 2002), recent trends in the study of linguistic variation suggest that the homogeneity of the variety has been largely overstated (Mallinson & Wolfram 2002; Friedland 2003; Wolfram 2003). For the most part, contemporary AAE influences on mainstream language have originated from varieties spoken in the northeast and on the west coast which have evolved independently of one another over the past forty years, and which vary in significant ways from southern AAE; however, the most popular linguistic styles of rap music and hip hop culture have shifted over the years as artists from various regions (the West Coast, the Midwest, and the South) have put their particular speech communities on the map in the Black Public Sphere. We argue here that as southern American rappers have become more dominant in the popular music scene, like East and West coast rappers before them, they have had a significant impact on the AAE spoken by hip hop's insiders, and they have also influenced the language of mainstream speakers as well. This paper builds on Smitherman's insights on Hip Hop Linguistics (2006) even as it explores a more recent sociolinguistic phenomenon: the imminent emergence of southern AAE forms in the music and lyrics of the most popular rap artists of this decade and the attendant influence that these forms might have on AAE in general. Preliminary findings suggest that the linguistic effects of southern rap on AAE (and to a lesser extent, mainstream varieties) are not only evident in the lexicon (which could be dismissed simply as fleeting slang), but also in the phonology of the variety, providing us with a more complete understanding of contemporary AAE and the ways in which the variety continues to develop.


Objective To investigate the value and curative effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with common bile duct exploring in the treatment of lithic cholecystitis with common bile duct stones. Methods The clinical data of 210 patients from May 1998 to August 2007 treated in our department by laparoscopic cholecystectomy with common bile duct exploring were retrospectively analyzed. Results Laparoscopic operation were administrated in 198 patients and 12 patients were changed to laparotomy. The common bile duct was sutured with T tube in 195 patients and 15 patients without T tube. Three patients showed biliary fistula after extracting the tube,stones were remnanted in the common bile duct in 3 patients. Conclusion Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with common bile duct exploring was a safe,effective and nominal injury method in the treatment of lithic cholecystitis with common bile duct stones.


The article presents the study of the stress state of a two-layer composite with a cylindrical cavity located parallel to the surfaces of the layers. Displacements are set on the cavity and the upper and lower boundaries of the upper and lower layers, respectively. The three-dimensional elasticity solution has been obtained by the analytical-numerical generalized Fourier method with respect to the system of Lame equations in local cylindrical coordinates associated with cavity and Cartesian coordinates associated with boundaries of the layers. The infinite systems of linear algebraic equations resulting from satisfying the boundary conditions are solved by the reduction method. As a result, displacements and stresses have been obtained at various points of the elastic body. We have compared the stress-strain state of a two-layer structure with a cylindrical cavity located in either of the layers. The analysis included various geometrical parameters and boundary functions; the results obtained were compared with a single-layer holed structure.


In order to solve the problem of information fusion and monitoring in power plants and electric substations of pithead electric net, improve the dependability of its communication. A pithead electric network monitoring system based on WorldFIP Bus / Internet is proposed for the practical application of electric net in Han Cheng. The technical superiorities of WorldFIP bus are analyzed. The hardware diagram of the monitoring system is designed, and the system function, data communication and software design are described in detail. The system with distinct levels has the advantages of flexible communication, convenient configuration and maneuverability.It is especially suitable for realizing automation of electronic network in coal mine plants.


A new acquisition algorithm of GPS signal based on MATLAB is presented.Because traditional algorithms have to do much glide correlation,they spend too much time.To overcome the shortage of traditional algorithms,the objective of the study is to shorten the processing time.The new algorithm can accelerate the speed of acquisition processing.This new acquisition algorithm of the GPS(pseudo-random) code is also suitable for other systems.


PURPOSE: A lens assembly of a projector is provided to variously design the location of a projection lens. CONSTITUTION: Illuminating optical systems(211~218) concentrates light from light sources(201,202). A DMD panel(230) adjusts a reflective angle for each pixel to reflect light inputted from the Illuminating optical systems. An optical fiber bundle(240) transfers light for each pixel outputted through the DMD panel through an optical fiber. A projection lens unit(250) projects light for each pixel to the outside through the optical fiber bundle.


186 Background: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a highly lethal variant of prostate cancer (PCa) that often emerges after androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies such as enzalutamide and abiraterone. NEPC arises via trans-differentiation of prostate adenocarcinomas to neuronal lineage, a process referred to as 'neuroendocrine trans-differentiation' (NED), wherein prostate cancer cells show an altered expression of lineage markers such as decreased expression of AR and increased expression of neuronal markers. Currently, there is a lack of effective targeted therapies for NEPC. Current treatment options are limited to highly toxic platinum-based drugs. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel treatment strategies to treat NEPC. The focused objective of this study is to develop novel, non-toxic therapeutic intervention against NEPC. Towards this, we exploited the potential of plant-derived nanovesicles/extracellular vesicles as a novel therapeutic. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer-delimited particles that are released from almost all types of cells, including plant cells, typically between 30-150 nm in size. Methods: EVs/nanovesicles were isolated from plant-derived sources by ultracentrifugation. Isolated nanovesicles were characterized by Nanoparticle Tracking Analyses and electron microscopy. After characterization, the effects of nanovesicles were tested in NEPC cell lines in vitro. Effects on cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTS assay and flow cytometry, respectively. To understand the mechanistic basis of EV induced alterations, next generation RNA sequencing was performed in control vs EV treated NCI-H660 cells on Illumina HiSeq platform. Significant targets were further validated by real time PCR and Western blot analyses. Results: Plant-derived nanovesicles reduced viability and induced apoptosis in NEPC cell lines. Genes involved in ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, proteoglycans in cancer and small cell lung cancer genes were significantly impacted by these vesicles in NEPC cell line. Remarkably, nanovesicles led to significantly attenuated levels of key proneural transcription factors including ASCL1, BRN2 and SOX2. In addition, neuronal markers ENO2 and NCAM1 were downregulated suggesting that treatment with nanovesicles reverse the 'cardinal' genetic alterations that drive NEPC. Conclusions: Plant-derived nanovesicles can be employed as a novel treatment modality in neuroendocrine prostate cancer.


Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents remains one of themajor impediments to a successful treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Misregulation of the activity of a specific group of ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC) is responsible for reducing the intracellular concentration of drugs in leukemic cells. Moreover, a consistent body of evidence also suggests that ABC transporters play a role in cancer progression beyond the efflux of cytotoxic drugs.Despite a large number of studies that investigated the function of the ABC transporters, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of the ABC genes. Here, we present data showing that the oncoprotein c-MYC is a direct transcriptional regulator of a large set of ABC transporters in CML. Furthermore, molecular analysis carried out inCD34þ hematopoietic cell precursors of 21CMLpatients reveals that the overexpression of ABC transporters driven by c-MYC is a peculiar characteristic of the CD34þ population in CML and was not found either in the population of mononuclear cells from which they had been purified nor in CD34þ cells isolated from healthy donors. Finally, we describe how themethylation state of CpG islands may regulate the access of c-MYC toABCG2 gene promoter, a well-studied gene associated with multidrug resistance in CML, hence, affecting its expression. Taken together, our findings support a model in which c-MYC–driven transcriptional events, combined with epigenetic mechanisms, direct and regulate the expression of ABC genes with possible implications in tumor malignancy and drug efflux in CML. Mol Cancer Res; 9(8); 1054–66. 2011 AACR.


This research examined theory-based teaching processes of science teachers to understand the mechanism by which theory and practice were connected. Four science teachers desgined lesson plans by applying the empirical-abductive learning cycle (EALC) model and modified lesson plans through a collaborative interview with the researcher. Data were obtained from lesson plans and interviews. Using the constant comparison method with open coding, data were analyzed to find out obstacles or facilitators acted in the process of applying the EALC model to design lesson plans and reveal the path through which theory and practice were connected. As a result, it was found that perceptive prejudice about the role and necessity of the EALC model was the main obstacle. The collaboration process helped teachers understand the EALC model clearly and deeply. The development of this cognitive understanding changed their prejudice about the EALC model and led them to reflect their teaching practices with the eyes of theory. Through this process, a separated state between theory and practice was developed to a connected state. With the belief that it is a good starting point for coordination between theory and practice, further studies are proposed.
Keywords: abductive thinking, lesson plan, learning cycle, hypothesis generation, theory-based teaching


The invention relates to an arrangement for the storage of annular or disk-shaped components of an electrical generator in a power engineering plant, in particular in a wind power plant, wherein the main axis of the wind turbine extends substantially horizontally and wherein the transmission of the drive torque to a shaft (1) along a axis (17) via at least one gear stage (2), in particular a planetary gear stage, and wherein this shaft is located in the center of the output gear stage or is coupled thereto, is particularly coupled with the sun gear (15) of a planetary gear, and on the output side the gear stage is coupled or can be coupled to the generator for converting the rotational energy into electrical energy. The invention is particularly characterized in that this generator is configured as a disk armature, comprising at least one ring-shaped or disc-shaped rotor component (5), in particular at least one rotor disc which moves during operation of turning between the first stator and the second stator, wherein a plurality of such may be the rotor disks, and these is rotatably mounted in each case about the main axis or, by just one roller bearing (11) (per rotor disk), and wherein the at least one rotor disk of the generator is coupled to one or more directly or indirectly connected to the shaft and about the main axis (1) is rotatably arranged (clutch (8) (10) and damping (9)) elements.


The antibacterial activity and anti-inflammatory effects of Dandelion, Honeysuckle Flower, Weep-ing forsythia capsule, Rhubarb, Hibisci mutabilis Flos, Milkvetch Root, Baical Skullcap Root on the cow main pathogenic bacteria were studied in this paper. Four medicines had been screened as the main composition of the Chinese compound prescription. Nine compound prescriptions has been designed according to different com-patibility dosage and the antibacterial activity and the anti-inflammatory effects were investigated. The results showed that compound prescription 4 and 8 had good effects in two aspects.


The use of anion-exchange resins for removal of acids from potato starch factory waste-water (after prior removal of proteins and amino acids) was studied. Over 99% of the acids were removed by the process. Data are given on the effect of influent temperature and flow-rate on column efficiency during the acid adsorption step. Data are also given on methods of increasing the concentration of acids in the eluate by increasing the alkalinity of the eluting agent or by recycling the eluate. Possible uses for the eluate are discussed.


This paper will discuss on land acquisition based on Urban land laws, whether the recognized agent have been effective in administering the ceiling limit. With erratic growth of the city, how has the administrative policy been efficient in managing the demand for land. Whether the amendments are in series, whether the authority has allocated the right space for the right users. With this query the paper discusses the Urban land Acts in the city and series of changes is glimpse upon.


Palladium-catalyzed amidation of five-membered heterocyclic bromides that contain multiple heteroatoms was achieved for the first time using the Pd/1 catalyst system. This system allows for efficient access to N-arylated imidazoles, pyrazoles, thiazoles, pyrroles, and thiophenes in moderate to excellent yield. Experimental results and DFT calculations point to the need for electron-rich and especially sterically demanding biaryl phosphine ligand to promote these difficult cross-coupling reactions.


The formation of keloids may be due to a genetically based switch normalization failure in the remodeling stage of wound healing, says Greg Goodman, M.D. Find out more in this article.


Genetically engineered resistance has been actively investigated in recent years as an alternative for genes from wild relatives. The development of a method to obtain transformants, which is independent of problems inherent to tissue culture procedures, has been the ultimate goal of plant breeders. The alternative method, which involves Agrobacterium, but does not require tissue culture steps, is in planta tansformation. Although use of pollen tube pathway to deliver foreign DNA in to embryo sacs first reported in cotton was encouraging the overall quality of the data was very weak. Therefore, our attempts to modify this method yielded fruitful results. Out of 5 619 flowers, which were treated with Agrobacterium, where in the stigmatic surface was treated with 5% sucrose along with 20 ppm boric acid prior to application of Agrobacterium resulted in a boll set of 32.5%. Stringent in solium kanamycin screening of the treated plants in T 1 and T 2 generations yielded 7 PCR positive transformants, which was also confirmed by insect bioassay studies and Southern blots. Transformation efficiency of Pollen Tube Pathway (PTP) mediated transformation was 0.30%.


A volcano may be regarded, from a purely mechanical point of view, as a superincumbent load imposedupon the surface of an elastic or plastic earth crust. The elasto-statical problem regardingthe stability of mountains has already been treated by G. H. Darwin and A.E. H. Love and also recently by Prof. Nagaoka.i' It seems, however, at least equally interesting to regard the earth crust as a kindof plastic materials and apply some of the recent theories of the plastic deformation.


Climate change adaptations are today pursed globally to address the threats associated with climate change. The IPCC Third Assessment Report and the Fourth Assessment Report have outlined the most accurate changes to be expected by 2100 with the only uncertainty relating to the timing and magnitude of these changes, not their occurrence (IPCC, 2007). In Small Island Developing States (SIDS), the changes are already manifested through coastal flooding, erosion, salt water intrusion, damaged water sources, and increased storm damages. SIDS are also under threat from their rapidly increasing population that needs settlements, services, and facilities, their limited size that severely confines their options, and their poor resources both in terms of weak financial position and restricted human capacity. This is the reason why SIDS, which will be the first and worst victims, must devote more concerted effort to adapt to these eventualities.


Through analyzing the effects on the tea quality by interplanting drought white gourd,Hong Kong orchid tree and Yunnan camphor tree,the most optimum type of interplanting shade trees could be inferred in the tea gardens of Yunnan big-leaf tea. Picking the fresh tea leaves with one bud and two leaves under the shade of interplanting trees,at the same time,picking the fresh leaves which were 2. 5 times far away from the interplanting shade trees,to contrast with the steamed green tea and the sunning green tea samples which were produced by the two kinds of the fresh leaves,the longitudinal comparative analysis had been done to the tea quality under each kind of the interplanting shade trees,and the horizontal comparative analysis had been done to the tea quality characteristics under different interplanting shade trees.The results showed that under the cover shade of drought white gourd,nitrogen compounds (caffeine and free amino acid) were obviously increased,so the tea was strong and sweet after tasted. Under the cover shade of Hong Kong orchid tree,the EGC,EGCG,free amino acid in the tea leaves were obviously increased,but the ECG,soluble pectin and other elements decreased obviously,so the tea was fresh with the fragrance of flowers. Under the cover shade of Yunnan camphor tree,the nitrogen compounds (caffeine and free amino acid) were obviously decreased,but the EGCG was obviously increased,so the taste changed into slightly astringent coordination from strongly bitter. It should be concluded that the nitrogen compounds in the tea associated with the nitrogen fixation ability of the interplanting shade tree. To choose the interplanting shade trees in the tea gardens,the toxic and peculiar smell ones should be removed firstly,and then the tree species which have nitrogen fixation rhizobia should be chose,meanwhile,the interplanting shade tree species should be abundant,and drought white gourd can be mainly used as the interplanting shade trees which were planted in Yunnan big-leaf tea species area.


Effective unimodal representation and complementary crossmodal representation fusion are both important in multimodal representation learning. Prior works often modulate one modal feature to another straightforwardly and thus, underutilizing both unimodal and crossmodal representation refinements, which incurs a bottleneck of performance improvement. In this paper, Unimodal and Crossmodal Refinement Network (UCRN) is proposed to enhance both unimodal and crossmodal representations. Specifically, to improve unimodal representations, a unimodal refinement module is designed to refine modality-specific learning via iteratively updating the distribution with transformer-based attention layers. Self-quality improvement layers are followed to generate the desired weighted representations progressively. Subsequently, those unimodal representations are projected into a common latent space, regularized by a multimodal Jensen-Shannon divergence loss for better crossmodal refinement. Lastly, a crossmodal refinement module is employed to integrate all information. By hierarchical explorations on unimodal, bimodal, and trimodal interactions, UCRN is highly robust against missing modality and noisy data. Experimental results on MOSI and MOSEI datasets illustrated that the proposed UCRN outperforms recent state-of-the-art techniques and its robustness is highly preferred in real multimodal sequence fusion scenarios. Codes will be shared publicly.


The University of Indianapolis Teach (STEM)3 (UIndy TS3) program is a clinical residency teacher preparation program in which candidates earn a Master of Arts in Teaching degree with licensure in Chemistry, Biology, or Math. UIndy TS3 consists of multiple layers of support, including a clinical residency with clinical mentor teachers and clinical faculty who also serve as university supervisors, integrated and scaffolded university coursework, which includes clinical seminars and classroom observations, and two years of in-service mentoring. Evaluation and retention results indicate that candidates are well-supported in their highneed classrooms by these program components, and our 3-year retention rate of 93% over eight cohorts is higher than the national average. Moreover, the clinical mentor teacher (CMT) is enriched by the candidate's presence in the classroom, as the candidate imports new teaching methodologies (such as project-based learning) and technologies to the classroom that in turn inform the practice of the CMT. School administrators are also positively impacted by interacting with the candidates, both by keeping apprised of the challenges that new teachers face and by learning new ways to engage students. The efficacy of UIndy TS3 is proven by our 100% placement rate, long-term retention of program graduates, and their recognition as teacher leaders.


We find that the major determinants of the dividend payout premium of firms after privatization are improved firm operating performance, growth opportunities and a prevalence of agency costs which are mitigated by higher pay-outs. We examine up to 83,468 firm-years (up to 358 privatized and 4,894 nonprivatized firms) across 26 countries and find a strong positive relation between firm efficiency, operating performance, and the dividend premium by privatized firms. While we find privatized firm dividend premium in both civiland common-law countries, it is significantly higher in civil law countries and is inversely related to the proportion of closely held shares and firm leverage. However, the strong relation between firm efficiency, operating performance, and the dividend premium remains unchanged across all sub-samples. Our findings also suggest that the higher dividends by privatized firms cannot be explained by the life-cycle or the maturity hypotheses. In addition, our main findings do not materially differ in respect to the international variation over time in the dividend tax penalty or across the state of economic development in the country of firm privatization. We therefore provide an economic rationale for the higher pay-outs of privatized firms. EFM Classification: 170, 110 JEL Classification: G35, L33, L25


Effectively targeting a heterogeneous student population is a common challenge in academic courses. Most traditional learning material targets the ?average student,? and is suboptimal for students who lack certain prior knowledge, or students who have already attained some of the course objectives. Student-activating learning material supports effective training. Adaptive systems may help to support learning for a heterogeneous group of students. Development of adaptive learning material, however, is usually a complex task not easily done by the average lecturer. An adaptive tutoring system is therefore designed that requires little knowledge and skills from lecturers: Proteus. Proteus provides adaptive navigation on a micro scale based on a set of closed questions. The questions are used both to measure, as well as to stimulate student progress. Entering questions in Proteus requires little effort from lecturers. Proteus is tested and evaluated in a Bachelor of Science (BSc) course with 91 students and is received very well.


Let Ω be a set in the complex plane C. Also let p(z) be analytic in the upper half-plane ∆ = {z : z ∈ C and =(z) > 0} and suppose that ψ : C3 ×∆ → C. In this paper, we investigate the problem of determining properties of functions p(z) that satisfy the following second-order differential superordination: Ω ⊂ { ψ ( p(z),p ′(z),p ′′(z); z ) : z ∈ ∆ } . Applications of these results to second-order differential superordination for analytic functions in ∆ are also presented. c ©2017 All rights reserved.


Life tables for a laboratory population of Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dur) were constructed at five different temperatures(18,21,24,27 and 30℃).The results show that developmental rate increased with increasing temperature and that the relationship between temperature and development rate could be simulated by a Logistic model.Developmental temperature thresholds and effective accumulated temperatures for eggs,nymphs,preoviposition and an entire generation were 9.53,12.32,10.40 and 11.07℃ and 142.61,162.60,123.13 and 425.17 degree days,respectively.The highest nymph survival rate,at 24℃,was 27.27% higher than the lowest at 30℃ and the maximum average female fecundity at 24℃exceeded the minimum at 30℃ by 33.61 eggs.The intrinsic rate of natural increase(rm) was highest at 24℃.We conclude that 24-27℃ is a suitable temperature range for A.lucorum.


The literature on the ENP has traditionally adopted a top-down approach that frames the policy and its implementation from the EU point of view, by starting from the authoritative decision and analyzing the role of the EU centrally located actors and their instruments. While this "inside-out" perspective is fundamental, still it is not able to fully capture the "dilemmas of the implementation" that lay behind EU external policies. These studies are context free and do not shed light on how implementation actually works on the local ground in the recipient countries. The goal of this paper is to adopt a "reversed focus" in the implementation analysis of EU external policies. It argues that the top down perspective provides just a frame of explanation and that it should be integrated by a bottom-up approach able to highlight the peculiarities of the microimplementing environment. For this purpose, the ENP in Tunisia is adopted as a case study.


Personal Life Insurance Agent System is widely used in many countries,but in our country,they always promote the sales by a department or a section rather than by individuals.This article uses Varian's analysis method(1990) to discuss how the comprehensive initiative plan enhances the information transmission efficiency in the sales department.


Depression is a current and significant mental illness that most people face in their daily lives. Depression affects not just the emotional state of the person but also the physical, psychological and mental state of the individual. In contrast to other diseases, depression cannot be detected by laboratory tests, remains undetected due to a lack of understanding and ignorance, and can worsen, leading to suicide. Currently, the diagnostic procedure for detecting depression adopts face-to-face interactions and self-reported questionnaires by physicians. Recognizing depression necessitates a psychiatric analysis of human behavior and social interactions. People with depression behave differently than normal people, as can be seen in the patients' audio and video recordings. Computer vision and machine learning have been used to detect depression to fight the disease at an earlier stage. This article introduces a survey of research on the identification of depression using clinical interview data through Unimodal and Multimodal approaches.


Qualitative and quantitative phytochemistry, micro and macro-elements and microscopy of Tapinanthus dodoneifolius (DC) (Danser) (Santalales: Loranthaceae) collected from guava (Psidum guajava L.), rubber (Hivea brasilensis Mull. Arg.) and orange (Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck.) trees was carried out. This was done with the purpose of comparing their pharmacological and biological contents. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screenings were done using described methods. Microscopic study was done with the aid of a light microscope and photomicrographs were taken using a 14-mega pixel Sony cyber-shot. Result of phytochemical analysis showed the presence of oxalate, phytate, saponin, alkaloid, glycoside and tannin in African mistletoes. These phytochemicals were present in proportions that varied with their hosts. The microscopic observation showed no significant differences in the internal structures of mistletoes from the three host trees. From this present study, more differences were observed in the phytochemistry than the anatomy of the mistletoes understudied.


Catalytic oxidation of 1-butene l for a., 6etic acid was studied over vanadium oxide catalysts supported on silica in the presence of steam at temperature range of 200N300C.Binary and ternary oxide catalyst systems containing SnO2, WO3 and TiOdii as the second or the thild componenntt exhibited selective formation of acetic acid, w, hile both activisy and selectivity wer6 poor in the absence of these promoters. The selectivity to qcetic acid -was dependent mainly on the reaction temperature and the catalyst compositig. n, but ip. depepde. pt of the Conversiori of butene. Over the catalyst of V-Sn-W (1: 1: 0.5) oxide on silica, acetic acid was produced with se1 vity, of 50-55% and 45-50%at 225. C and 250, respectively,


The effect of high-concentration bromide ion in industrial wastewater on COD determination was studied. The relationship of organic and bromide ion concentration with apparent COD value was investigated. The method to mask bromide ion was discussed preliminary. The results show that the bromide ion contribution to apparent COD value increases as the organic concentration decreases at a given bromide ion concentration, and the unit mass of bromide ion contribution to apparent COD value increases as the bromide ion concentration decreases at a given organic concentration. The actual COD concentration of organic matter in a wastewater containing bromide can be estimated by the difference between apparent COD and bromide contribution to COD. The effect of bromide ion on COD determination can not be eliminated by mercuric sulfate. Also, both chromic nitrate and aluminium sulfate can not mask effectively the bromide ion.


The rapid growth of nuclear capacity requires the development of new strategies for the management of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. One promising way to solve this problem is to use accelerator driven systems (ADS). Modeling and studying the characteristics of nuclear processes in the ADS-installations is a complex and extremely urgent task.


trafficking of narcotics in Indonesia has penetrated into various living environments such as the work environment. One of them is a Penitentiary. For example, Warden in Jambi Class II A Penitentiary and in Sekayu Penitentiary as well as in several other Correctional Institutions have circulated and smuggled narcotics into Correctional Institutions which causes regulations of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number M. HH.16. KP. 05. 02 of 2011 Regarding Penitentiary Employee Code of Ethics is not implemented to the maximum. The research question in this thesis is what is the legal responsibility for the warden who conducts narcotics distribution, what are the factors causing narcotics circulation by the warden and how is the view of Islamic criminal law towards the warden who circulates narcotics in prison. In this study the authors used a normative juridical research method that is based on legislation and relevant books. Form of legal liability for Warden who circulates narcotics in LP according to public view as a full responsibility including medeplager (participating) category, according to Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics forms of responsibility in the form of criminal threats (death sentence, life sentence, imprisonment) and fines. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number M. HH.16. KP. 05. 02 of 2011 concerning the Penitentiary Employee Code of Ethics is subject to administrative sanctions (terminated) if there is a decision of gingkah. Factors causing the Warden to circulate narcotics in Corrections Institutions are economic factors, the low mentality of the Warden involved, oversight in prison is weak, the number of narcotics addicts who are only in prison without rehabilitation. According to the Islamic Criminal Law the Warden who circulates narcotics in a Penal Institution is liable to a sanction in the form of rahmah ta'īr (bodily punishment, independence, and a fine).


Amylase based enzymatic time temperature indicator (TTI) was prepared using starch as substrate and enzyme amylase to monitor thermal abuse history of frozen (−18±2°C) chicken meat during supply chain. TTI showed an irreversible distinct colour change from initial bluish black colour to intermediate light yellow colour to final irreversible white yellow during temperature abuse conditions at 15±1, 25±1 and 35±1°C except 5±1°C. At different temperature abuse conditions viz., 15±1°C, 25±1°C and 35±1°C, quantitative changes in various parameters of chicken meat were evaluated and correlated with distinct colour alterations of TTI. The values for FAA, TVBN and instrumental colour analysis were beyond the meat safety limit at 35±1°C but within the limit at 15±1°C and 25±1°C at final colour changes of TTI. However, pH and microbiological parameters values were within the meat safety limit at 15±1, 25±1 and 35±1°Cat final colour changes of TTI. The results showed significant correlation of meat quality parameters with colour changes in TTI at 35±1°C and non-significant correlation of meat quality parameters with colour changes in TTI at 15±1 and 25±1°C. So, changes in quality characteristics of frozen chicken meat are not adequately indicated by TTI after exposure to different temperature abuse conditions. Therefore, amylase based enzymatic TTI has lesser applicability for utilization of quality marking of frozen chicken meat at different temperature abuse conditions.


A method to predict the time for creep crack initiation (CCI) from a stationary crack tip is presented. The method is relevant to situations where small scale yield or widespread plasticity conditions prevail on initial loading. Initiation is considered to occur at the attainment of a critical creep strain at a small distance from the crack tip. The model proposed here considers the integrated effects of creep strain accumulation as the stress distribution changes from that on initial loading (controlled by J) to the steady state creep stress distribution (controlled by C*). Material properties are chosen to represent Type 316H stainless steel at 550°C and plane strain conditions are considered. For the conditions examined, the CCI times predicted are significantly shorter times than those predicted using a steady state creep model.Copyright © 2006 by ASME