THORACIC ULTRASOUND: A NEW TOOL IN THE ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT DYSPNEA
Introduction: Rapid differentiation between the causes of cardiogenic and non cardiogenic dyspnea is an objective of primary importance in the management of patients with dyspnea. The instruments available for assessing the amount of extravascular lung water for the physician are essentially made of phisical findings, conventional radiological techniques (chest radiography and computerized axial tomography) and echocardiography.. Each of them has its own characteristics of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, speed of use and repeatability. They should be added to the lung ultrasound for parenchyma, an ultrasound technique that has been accompanied in recent years with traditional techniques and which, according to data reported in the literature, agrees, at least in the field of Emergency and Critical Care, a good discrimination of cardiogenic causes of dyspnea. Advanteges of this method are also the characteristic speed of use and absolute repeatability (not based on ionizing radiation). Furthermore, it provides semi-quantitative assessments of the amount of extravascular water.
Aim of the study: To evaluate the validity and accuracy of lung ultrasound technique in the field of Internal Medicine (pathological sub-acute), comparing with the classical clinical parameters, radiological and laboratory which are used for the clinical interpretation of dyspnea.
Materials and methods: 152 patients hospitalized in the Department of Clinical Medicine 1 with a diagnosis of dyspnea.have been esamine. These patients had already performed a clinical evaluation at the emergency room and a chest radiograph and an assessment of NT-proBNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide). Upon admission to our department, patients underwent lung ultrasound in order to highlight the presence of pulmonary B lines ( "Comet tail artifacts"). The B lines are vertical reverb artifacts that departured from pleura and extended to the base of the screen. The test was considered positive when the number of B lines was higher 8 and there was no difference in the number of B lines increased by 30% in both lung fields. Ultrasonography was performed by three operators with varying experience in the field of ultrasound lung (an experienced operator in the field of ultrasound lung, an expert in the field of internistic ultrasound and an operator with little experience with ultrasound), each of whom has performed two measurements to analyze the intra-operator variability, the duration of the examination was less than three minutes. It 'was considered as the gold standard the diagnosis made by expert phisicians, reassessing the clinical, radiological and bio-humoral (as per the recommendations of the AHA). The ultrasound report was not however in their possession. The examination was also repeated at 48 hours to assess the changes in the ultrasound picture on the basis of treatment performed.
Results: We analyzed the values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (VPN), accuracy of lung ultrasound, as well as NT-proBNP and the main clinical and radiological, compared to clinical diagnosis. The results include the following:

Sensitivity Specificity VPP VPN Accuracy
Ultrasound t0 97% 79% 79% 97% 87%
Ultrasound T48 76% 77% 72% 80% 77%
NT-proBNP t0 97% 44% 58% 95% 68%
NT-proBNP T48 94% 33% 53% 88% 61%

Patients diagnosed with heart failure had a higher number of lines B than in those without heart failure (p <0.05), and the same is evident for the values of NT-proBNP (p <0.05). Furthermore, the reduction in the number of line B was significantly higher (p <0.005) in the group of patients treated for heart failure, but did not differ significantly the value of NT-proBNP (p = 0.37). The intra-operator correlation was demonstrated excellent (98%), the inter-operator also excellent between experienced operators (98%), intermediate (90%) among operators of different experience.

Discussion: Lung ultrasound has demonstrated a strong sensitivity value and a fair value of specificity in the diagnosis of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, even in sub-acute patients, with values of significance similar to those of NT-proBP but with a reduced execution time. The variations in the ultrasound picture also appear to correlate with the appropriateness of the treatment carried out, suggesting a possible use in monitoring therapeutic response. The false positive ultrasound examination are probably referring to forms of interstitial lung imbibition (eg, ARDS ). The ease of execution is witnessed by the excellent reproducibility both intra-and inter-operator.
Conclusion: Lung ultrasonography may be considered a valuable tool in the recognition of the origin of cardiogenic dyspnea. This method appears effective, faster and can be used to supplement the standard assessments conducted in departments of internal medicine.


Objective To probe methods and therapeutic effects of Head Acupuncture on ischemic stroke. Methods One hundred and twelve cases were randomly divided into observation group (head acupuncture group) and control group (body acupuncture group). After treatment of 28 days, changes of linguistic function and paralysis level of limbs before and after treatment were investigated. Results The total effective rate was 96.6% in the observation group and 90.7%, in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). Conclusion The electroacupuncture head point-through-point by penetrating two point therapy is one of effective methods for ischemic stroke.


Pressure sores have plagued the nursing profession for many years as a major health care problem in terms of a patient's suffering and financial cost. Current study is aimed to assess nurses' practices related to prevention of pressure ulcer and identifying factors which inhibit and promote nursing practices in relation to pressure ulcer prevention. An observational approach was used with descriptive design on sample of 100 nurses from medical- surgical units of the Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science and Research, Hospital, Mullana, Ambala selected by convenience sampling technique. The data was collected by using observational checklist and rating scale. The nurses' practice observed and showed that majority of nurses (87%) was performing fair practice for prevention of pressure ulcer and only 2 nurses were doing good practice. There was no significant association of level of preventive practice with age, gender, year of experience and there was significant association of level preventive practice with area of work. Factors identified by nurses as promoter for practice in relation to prevention of pressure ulcer are: Use of risk assessment tool, Use of pressure ulcer prevention protocol, Teamwork & collaboration, Supervision of bedside practice by ward sisters. Factors identified by nurses as inhibitor are: Lack of confidence in performing activities, Inadequate skin care supplies, More involvement of nurses in non patient care activities, Knowledge deficit for use of equipments and skin care products, Lack of patient co-operation in following commands, lack of staff training and education. Therefore it is concluded that nurses' practice in relation to prevention of pressure ulcer are not appropriate.


The traditional nonlinear parameter identification techniques described in the existing literature required force and response information at all degrees of freedom. For cases, where the excitation comes from base input, those methods cannot be applied directly unless the measurement is made in all degrees of freedom. The emphasis of this research is upon nonlinear identification of the large, multi-mode, lightly damped, continuous system, where the excitation comes from the moving base. The emphasis is to identify the nonlinear model in parametric forms, where the linear modal testing method is not sufficient to describe the dynamics of the structure. For this reason, a method suitable for the identification of a model based on improved hybrid modal space and modal space is considered. The proposed methodology shows the extraction process of pseudo force projected at the measured degrees of freedom. An experiment is performed to validate the proposed method in a cantilever beam. Nonlinear parameter selections are done through multilinear regression in a modal domain. A significant cubic stiffness nonlinearity is found in the first mode. The cross-coupling stiffness terms are found to be insignificant during regression analysis.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


The head-end processing of the Coupled-End-to-End (CETE) Demonstration includes fuel receipt, fuel disassembly, exposure of fuel (e.g., by segmenting the fuel pins), voloxidation of the fuel to separate tritium, and fuel dissolution. All of these processing steps with the exception of the dissolution step will be accomplished in the Irradiated Fuels Examination Laboratory (IFEL) (Building 3525). The final headend step will be performed in the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (Building 7920). The primary purpose of the fuel dissolution step is to prepare the solid fuel for subsequent liquid separations steps. This is accomplished by dissolving the fuel solids using nitric acid. During the dissolution process gases are evolved. Oxides of nitrogen are the primary off-gas components generated by the reactions of nitric acid and the fuel oxides however, during the dissolution and sparging of the resulting solution, iodine, C-14 as carbon dioxide, xenon, and krypton gasses are also released to the off-gas stream. The Dissolver Off-gas treatment rack provides a means of trapping these volatile fission products and other gases via various trapping media. Specifically the rack will recover iodine on a solid sorbent bed, scrub NOx in a water/acid column, scrub CO{sub 2} in a caustic scrubber column, removemore » moisture with solid sorbent drier beds and recover Xe and Kr using solid absorbent beds. The primary purpose of this experimental rack and the off-gas rack associated with the voloxidation equipment located at IFEL is to close the material balances around the volatile gases and to provide an understanding of the impacts of specific processing conditions on the fractions of the volatile components released from the various head-end processing steps.« less


The objective of the present investigation project is to evaluate the need of a Human Resources department in ?IM?. In the XXI century, the development of the intellectual capital is becoming the base of the organizations, leaving the financial capital in second place. Nowadays, the successful companies bet for the intellectual capital with the purpose of creating a competitive advantage considering the human resource as a powerful active with intelligence and creativity. The project was developed as a qualitative investigation gathering documental and field information, analyzing the most important functions of the Human Resources department: job analysis & description, recruitment, selection, induction, training & development, performance evaluation, environmental, health & safety, remunerations and HR information system. The methodology consisted in the development of semi-structured interviews as an exploratory technique of information collection, applied to 6 employees of the company and to 3 experts in the subject of Human Resources. The result of the investigation and the interviews proved that it is necessary to implement a Human Resources department in ?IM?, a department that looks after the interests of both employees and company. The lack of administration of the human resource in the company has caused discontent and dismay among it?s members.


Based on introduction and study of the middleware technology,the problem and deficiency of typical MVC pattern is discussed,a new MVC pattern Web application model integrated with EJB middleware technology is proposed.And an example in applying this pattern to enterprise asset management system based on J2EE frame is also given in this paper.The application of this pattern could decrease the system coupling,make the client code simple,and thus reduce the reliance of the client on the server,shorten the development cycle,and improve the software performance and maintainability.


2 Istituto per la Conservazione e la Valorizzazione dei Beni Culturali CNR, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, Italy Max-Plank -Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2D-85748 Garching, Germany Abstract In this contribution we present the results obtained during nitrogen seeding experiments performed in GyM. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate the variation of ammonia (ND3) formation in the presence of helium (He). Control of experimental conditions was performed by means Langmuir probe (LP) measurements. By Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), have been acquired spectra centred at about 336 nm, in this region falls the emission band of the ND radical, used as indicator of the ND3 production. ND3 formation during experiments has been followed by measures of the Residual Gas Analysis (RGA). ND3 quantification was achieved by operations involving the collection of the exhaust in LN2 trap and liquid ion chromatography (LIC) analysis. Results showed that increasing amounts of He added to a nitrogen seeding plasmas produces a proportional decrease in ND3 while the plasma parameters are not modified.


The traditional Chinese composition teaching is a stereotyped one with the teacher as the center. The compositions of the students are lack of distinctive individuality on account of the one-sided pursuit of the writing skills. The succcssful transformation in it must be achieved by optimizing the mental state of the students, the course of the writing practice and the ways of evaluation. With the renewal of the thinking modes as the premise, the quality-oriented education is contained in it. Thus, the students own the power of expressing themselves freely.


A method of coating the film in roll. The film is wound into a roll so as there is a gap between the layers of the film in the roll. By fluid is pumped through the roll to deposit a coating on at least one surface of the fluid film.


Animation is enable graphic "live" rise process,is showing a colourful picture.Computer animation is computer graphics and the outcome of the combination of art,is to use computer to generate continuous has realistic picture.


We have implemented an extension for the observational seismology obspy software package to provide a streamlined tool tailored to the processing of seismic signals from non-earthquake sources, in particular those from deforming systems such as glaciers and landslides. This seismic attributes library provides functionality to: (1) download and/or pre-process seismic waveform data; (2) detect and catalogue seismic events using multi-component signals from one or more seismometers; and (3) calculate characteristics ('attributes'/'features') of the identified events. The workflow is controlled by three main functions that have been tested for the breadth of data types expected from permanent and campaign-deployed seismic instrumentation. A selected STA/LTA-type (short-term average/long-term average), or other, event detection algorithm can be applied to the waveforms and user-defined functions implemented to calculate any required characteristics of the detected events. The code is written in Python 2/3 and is available on GitHub together with detailed documentation and worked examples.


A formalism is developed for computing tidal variations in thermospheric composition and is used to investigate diurnal and semidiurnal variations in O, O2, N2, Ar, He, and H at minimum and maximum levels of sunspot activity. The model formally accounts for tidal temperatures, horizontal and vertical tidal winds, photochemistry and ion chemistry, thermal diffusion, and exospheric transport in determining the tidal variations of these constituents, as well as deviations from diffusive equilibrium in the time average component due to photochemistry, Jeans escape, or background vertical winds. A procedure is described for using available measurements to calibrate the diurnal and semidiurnal wind and temperature fields, which are used as inputs to the model. Sunspot minimum calculations show excellent agreement with equatorial San Marco 3 Nace measurements in both amplitude and phase for diurnal and semidiurnal variations between 220 and 280 km. Major exceptions are the equatorial diurnal amplitude of Ar, which the model overestimates by 35%, and the equatorial diurnal amplitude of He, which the model underestimates by about 25%. Simulations for sunspot maximum conditions demonstrate substantial solar cycle differences in the vertical structures of amplitude and phase for each constituent and in the relative contribution of semidiurnal and diurnal components at different latitudes and heights. Consequently, a clear need is indicated for continued satellite mass spectrometer and accelerometer measurements over different levels of solar activity if comprehensive empirical models of thermosphere tides are to be developed.


High levels of blood sugar causes diabetes. Diabetes on the other hand leads to various other health issues like heart diseases, kidney damage, nerves damage and eye damage. Diabetic retinopathy is one such disease that is being caused by diabetes and without early treatment or diagnosis it might lead to vision loss as well. Various Computer aided systems have been used and developed for the diagnostics of diabetic retinopathy in the past where it uses the traditional techniques to get low level features such as shape, colors or textures which are handcrafted features. With the advancement in AI and deep learning methodologies especially in the field of medical image analysis, efficient and accurate results are produced as it performs automatic extraction of features. These features can include high level features or some of the low-level features as well. Most commonly used deep learning method for image detection is convolutional neural network. In this paper, three different CNN architectures such as ResNet50, DenseNet121 and VGG16 are used as transfer learning models to carry out a comparative analysis of deep learning approaches for the diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). These models are used to classify diabetic retinopathy into multi-class (5 class based) classification on the basis of severity level and further into binary (2 class based) classification as 0-No DR and 1-DR. The accuracy so obtained on validation set for multi-class classification for the models ResNet50, DenseNet121 and VGG16 is 94.11%,94.64% and 91.52% respectively and that on test set as 94%, 92% and 86% respectively. Whereas the accuracy for binary classification on validation set for the models ResNet50, DenseNet121 and VGG16 is 98.35%, 98.48% and 95.86% respectively.


Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the conceptual framework related to environmental awareness of university students. Methods: The data of the study, the Environmental Information has been obtained by independent testing to associate the word applied to 63 students who took the course. The obtained data are classified by the researchers were collected in 4 categories according to their semantic relationships. Frequencies and percentages were calculated according to these categories. Results: The categories examined, the frequency and percentage, environmental awareness, organizations concerned with the environment, combating climate change and environmental issues to be considered waste has come to the fore. Results and Discussion: Environmental information is reflected in the results of the students have received the impact of the course. The phrases used to indicate that a high overall level of environmental awareness of students' cognitive point. There are partly expressed in the statement in which unrelated.


This utility model discloses a modified structure of columnar light stent, comprising a fixed stent with two ends fixed on a terminal box and a reflection mask seat and a flexible stent which comprises a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod with one end of each being connected, which show a certain angle; the fixed stent is provided with a cross bar; the free end of the second connecting rod is provided with a connecting joint which is flexibly connected with the cross bar so that the connecting joint can turn around the cross bar; at least one through hole is arranged above the cross bar on the fixed stent; the free end of the first connecting bar is provided with a groove which is inserted on the edge of the through hole with a flexible mode so that the groove can be inserted or taken out freely. The columnar stent of the utility model is characterized in simple structure, convenient process and installation, compared with the prior art.


Explaining how stereotypes and norms influence role-identities during reflected appraisal processes, we develop a theory about diverse groups of minority men—the "minority masculinity stress theory"—and apply it to Asian American men. We conceptually integrate hegemonic masculinity, stereotypes, and mental health to examine how Asian American men experience masculinity and how their experiences are uniquely stressful. We analyze elicited text from an open-ended questionnaire to explain two experiences of masculinity-related stress: trying to live up to the masculine ideal and enacting work-related role-identities. Regarding the former, we discuss four illustrations—toughness, body image, restrictive emotionality, and heterosexuality—and two involving the latter—achiever and provider. We found that Asian American men receive stereotypical reflected appraisals that contradict potentially positive self-concepts and emphasize achievement beyond typical standards of hegemonic masculinity. Moreover, Asian American men's role-identities contradict hegemonic masculinity, resulting in reflected appraisals that predispose them toward stress.


The effects of poverty on child development are looked at by reference to other social indices, such as the statistical returns of the Registrar General. These effects begin before birth with higher rates among the poor of still‐birth, abortion, prematurity, perinatal mortality and the risk of congenital malformations. Poorer nutrition in pregnancy can affect the baby's birthweight and maternal height, which falls with social class, is correlated with perinatal mortality. The effect of poor nutrition on a child's body growth and size, and on his intellectual development is considered, and the effects on the education of a child of the type of area, type of school, social class of parents, parental level of education and their interest in education are discussed. Progress has been made in the last century but there are still 21/4 million children living in poverty in the UK.


A theoretical study of the deformation and fracture behavior of Ni3Al alloy under shock loading has been carried out. The finite element method simulation was used within the approach that combined modeling in terms of the dislocation kinetics of alloys with the L12 superstructure and the mechanics of a deformable solid. The dislocation kinetic model of the alloys with the Ll2 superstructure defined the hardening of Ni3Al punch and plate materials, while the model of the mechanics of a deformable solid described deformation of the macrovolume.


If a strong suucient optimality condition of second order together with the Mangasarian-Fromowitz and the constant rank constraint quali-cations are satissed for a parametric optimization problem, then a local optimal solution is strongly stable in the sense of Kojima and the corresponding optimal solution function is locally Lipschitz continuous. In the article the possibilities for the computation of sub-gradients of this function are discussed. We will give formulae for the guaranteed computation of the entire subdiierential, provided that an additional assumption is satissed. An example will show the necessity of this assumption. Moreover, this assumption is diicult to be veri-ed. Without it, a subgradient can be computed with non-polynomial complexity in the worst case. A last approach yields a subgradient with probability one in polynomial time.


Bionomics of aphidophagous syrphid fly, X. scutellare Fab. was studied under laboratory conditions at C.P. College of Agriculture, G.A.U., S.K. Nagar during 1998-99. The female laid eggs singly in the vicinity of coloniesof L. erysimi. Female laid about 22 eggs during its life span. The egg period was 2.24 days. The larva moults two times and pupates on leaf under laboratory condition. The adult emerged from puparium by making a split on the plates at anterior end. The average longevity of the female was 16.92 days while that of the male was 14.71 days.


With the development of electromagnetic simulation technology and the increasing demand for simulation, simulation verification based on numerical simulation has received extensive attention from various research fields at home and abroad. Solving the linear sparse matrix equation generated in the electromagnetic simulation process is the biggest bottleneck restricting the running time of the program. Parallel computing, as an effective means to improve the calculation speed and processing capacity of computer systems, can further expand the scale of problem solving and shorten the calculation time. Next, this paper studies the parallel solution method of large-scale sparse linear equations based on the Multifrontal method. We port our program to SW26010-pro and utilizing the powerful heterogeneous computing units of the new-generation Sunway supercomputer. After extensive experiments, the results show that the hotspot functions of the resulting sparse matrix equation gain an 81x speedup compared to the master version, the computation time of overall computational performance gain an 64x speedup.


Introduction: Multiple studies have demonstrated that 40-50% of patients can maintain a treatment free remission (TFR) after having achieved a deep and sustained response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) for the treatment of CML. However, the remaining 60% of patients require reinitiation of TKI therapy to control the leukemia. Among the TKIs, dasatinib has an additional activity that may be relevant for successful treatment discontinuation: approximately 30% of patients have increased large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and/or natural killer cells. Preliminary analysis indicates the patients with LGL lymphocytosis have a higher likelihood of attaining a deep molecular response than others. Our study is designed to determine if re-treatment with dasatinib (DA) after an initial failure to maintain TFR after imatininb (IM) discontinuation will lead to a second successful TKI discontinuation with sustained TFR. Methods and materials: This prospective clinical trial (BMS CA180543, NCT#02268370) includes all major CML treatment centers across Canada (n=12). The study has 3 phases: 1) IM discontinuation, 2) DA rechallenge, and 3) DA discontinuation. The planned enrollment is 117 pts. Key inclusion criteria include: 1) CML in chronic phase, 2) total duration of IM therapy of minimum 3 yrs, 3) total duration of MR4.5 or deeper response over 2 yrs with 2 consecutive confirmed MR4.5 or deeper response with a 3 month interval. Key exclusion criteria include prior allogeneic stem cell transplant or prior accelerated or blastic phase CML. Molecular relapse was defined as an increase in BCR-ABL transcript level above MR4.0 on at least two consecutive occasions, or a single increase in BCR-ABL transcript level above MR3.0. DA is started at a dose of 100mg daily once molecular relapse is confirmed. The primary objective is to determine the proportion of patients who remain in molecular remission (defined as maintaining ≥MR4.0) after DA discontinuation after achieving ≥MR4.5 although the primary endpoint has not been evaluated yet. Results: The study was started in March 2015. As of July 21 2017, 147 pts were screened of whom 23 pts did not qualify due to 1) screening failure (n=15) or 2) consent withdrawal (n=8). Ultimately 118 pts were enrolled into IM discontinuation phase, and 108 pts are ongoing with 7 additional patients on screening awaiting enrollment. Of 107 pts evaluated for molecular relapse, 41 pts (38.3%) lost molecular response defined as loss of major molecular response only (MMR; n=7), loss of MR4 on 2 consecutive tests only (n=9) or both (n=25). The 12 month relapse free survival (RFS) rate was estimated as 56.8% (46.1-66.1%), while TFR rate using loss of MMR as an event was 66.6% (56.2-75.1%) at 12 months. Of 41 pts who lost molecular response, currently 40 pts are in DA rechallenge phase with 37 of these patients who have already been on DA for at least 1 month. Thirty-five patients achieved MMR. The median time to MMR, MR4.0 and MR4.5 was 55 days, 56 days and 66 days, respectively. Cox9s proportional hazard regression model suggested a strong correlation of RFS with total duration of IM therapy prior to IM discontinuation (p Out of 40 pts treated with DA at molecular relapse, 7 pts have attained MR4.5 or deeper response over 12 months and have discontinued DA therapy. Two pts have lost MMR at day 61 and 125 respectively after DA discontinuation. The other five pts are currently being monitored monthly for BCR-ABL transcript level at day 6, 41, 67, 75 and 122 after DA discontinuation without losing molecular response. Conclusion: The preliminary results of this Canadian TKI discontinuation trial show a RFS rate of 56.8% after IM discontinuation, consistent with the results observed in other TKI discontinuation studies. DA can be safely administered in CML patients who lose molecular response after IM discontinuation with 100% of MMR rate at 3 months. Prolonged duration of IM duration, or MR4/MR4.5 duration with IM increases TFR success by 11-17% per year. Disclosures Kim: BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Paladin: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy. Bence-Bruckler: Lundbeck: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Savoie: Lundbeck: Consultancy; Jazz: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria. Busque: Pfizer: Honoraria; Novartis Canada Inc.: Honoraria; Bristol Myer Squibb: Honoraria; Paladin: Honoraria. Delage: BMS: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Roche: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding. Laneuville: BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Paladin: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Liew: Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Kamel-Reid: BMS: Research Funding. Lipton: BMS: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Leber: Celgene Canada: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis Canada: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.


There is an opportunity to add value to community engagement by provoking the interaction between urban dwellers, physical urban space and virtual experiences. This research project focuses on identifying the experiential and participatory tools embedded in temporary and architectural elements, interactive technological platforms and urban supports in order to build a link between virtual and physical realms. A variety of research methods, analysis, visual tools and foresight exploration techniques serve for the creation of design principles that become the foundation of the conceptual framework of civic portals that enhance individual and collective appreciation of physical space.


In the early 2000s the Iranian government liberalized investment regulations and many foreign companies entered this high potential market where end-user consumers mainly comprise young people. Unfortunately, there are few studies of shopping behavior. This study compares Generation Y female and male consumer decision-making styles to offer guidelines to Iranian and overseas marketers. Sproles and Kendall's Consumer Styles Inventory (CSI) was adopted. The results show some differences between female and male decision-making styles, suggesting that gender affects shopping behavior. Identification of new traits suggests that CSI cannot be applied without considering socio-cultural factors.


The shrinkages and physical properties of silk yarn were studied on the effect of treatment concentration, time and temperature with various neutral salts. The degummed silk yarn was shrunk about 35 percent by highly concentrated solution of Ca(NO3)2 on conditions of S.G. (special gravity) 1.45 at 90°C or S. G. 1.46 at 80°C. About 40 percent of silk yarn was contracted in length by the treatment of CaCl2 solution on conditions of S. G. 1.33 at 90°C for 5 mins. or at 85°C for 10 mins. By treating the concentrated solution of LiBr the silk yarn showed about 40 percent of shrinkage on a conditions of S. G. 1.38, 25°C 24 hrs. The physical properties of salt-treated silk yarn could be significantly changed with shrinkage variations. There were some differences in shrinkages between different type of salts. However, it was observed that generally the tenacity was decreased and breaking elongation increased as the shrinkage increased. The bulkiness of salt-treated silk yarn was increased by 110 to 120 percent compared with untreated yarn.


DYNAMIC DEMAND-FOR-CURRENCY functions are estimated for twentyfour countries with postwar annual data. International data are used in part to provide independent information about currency elasticities, since it would appear that United States data have been exploited for what they can confirm or deny concerning the determinants of currency demand. The countries are classified into three groups by GNP to test whether the interest, income and price elasticities are similar for countries within each group and thus whether the data can be pooled by group to obtain more efficient estimates.


Defensive investigation is a little debated topic in Brazilian law. Although there is much controversy, this article approaches the categories of investigation, in addition to unveiling the treatment that is given to defensive investigation in Italy and the United States. The general objective of this work is to highlight the importance of defensive investigation for the penal procedural balance. The specific objectives of this article are as follows: to present the fundamental concept of defensive research; comment on the nature of defensive investigation; classify the research categories; discuss defensive research in Italy and the United States; highlight the need for defensive research in Brazil; observe the object and moment of the defensive investigation. The methodological procedures applied in this analysis are of a bibliographic nature and are based on research in doctrine, jurisdiction in books and specific laws. The autonomous investigation carried out by the lawyer and public defender, in this work, seeks to emphasize the right of defense and a fair process, as well as the parity of arms. It addresses the principles of equality and broad defense, obtaining elements of conviction favorable to the accused, considering the fundamental right of all. Defensive investigation is beneficial not only to the accused, but to the entire society that calls for justice. The Order of Lawyers of Brazil OAB, with the provision under study, intends to strengthen the defense, so that there is equity and balance in the process, that is, to guarantee the parity of arms to the parties, as it should be.


Vα14 natural killer T (NKT) cells produce large amounts of both IL-4 and IFN-γ upon stimulation with a ligend, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), and play a crucial role in various immune responses, including allergic reactions. Interestingly, Vα14 NKT cells are not essential for the induction of specific IgE response but they instead tend to induce suppression of specific IgE upon α-GalCer activation in vivo. The suppression in the IgE production is not detected either in Va14 NKT cell-deficient mice or in IFN-γ-deficient mice. Therefore, activated Vα14 NKT cells are able to exert a potent suppressive activity on Th2 cell differentiation and subsequent IgE production by producing a large amount of IFN-γ. In an OVA-induced asthma model, α-GalCer administration inhibited airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity by IFN-γ from activated Vα14 NKT cells, thus suggesting the negative regulation of Th2-responses by the activated Vα14 NKT cells.


A group divisible design GDD(v, g, k, λ1, λ2) is a collection of ksubsets (called blocks) of a vset
of symbols where: the vset is divided into g groups; each pair of symbols from the same group occurs in exactly λ1 blocks; and each pair symbols from different groups occurs in exactly λ2 blocks. Pairs of symbols occurring in the same group are known to statisticians as first
associates, and pairs occurring in different groups are called second associates. The existence of such GDDs has been of interest over the years, going back to at least the work of Bose and Shimamoto in 1952 who began classifying such designs. Recently, such an existence problem when g = 2 was solved in the case where the groups have the same size and the blocks have size 3. In this paper, we continue to focus on blocks of size 3, solving the problem when the required designs having two
groups of unequal sizes and λ1 λ2 = 1 and prove that the conditions are sufficient.


In most professions, images of exemplary practitioners influence practice powerfully, and adult education is no exception in this regard. In the adult education literature, arguably the most influential images of exemplary adult educators include the following: (a) Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, & Tarule's midwife (1986), (b) Brookfield's skillful teacher (1 990), (c) Daloz's mentor (1 986), (d) Freire's partner (1993), (e) Knowles's andragogue (1975, 1989; Knowles & Associates, 1984), and (f) Mezirow's emancipatory educator (1991). Although these images are not identical, they clearly share several features. Perhaps foremost among those commonalities is their encouragement of adult educators to establish educational helping relationships with learners and to promote transformative learning within the context of those relationships. In this essay, I attempt the following: (a) explain briefly the goal of promoting transformative learning within an educational helping relationship; (b) point out the critical problem of a relative lack of preparation and support that the field offers its practitioners to accomplish this goal effectively and responsibly; and (c) discuss six recommendations that will help to alleviate this problem.


The present study tested the factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey version - in a sample of 155 Chilean social workers. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the 3-factor structure indicated for the MBI-HSS by their authors. However, the configuration of the factor structure founded was different those proposed for the MBI-HSS for their authors. Internal consistencies of the subscales of the MBI-HSS were acceptable.


The Riverside Motorway is being constructed in successive stages, and highly efficient modern equipment is employed for this purpose.
The pavement of this motorway has different characteristics over the various stages into which the project has been divided. Some of it is asphaltic concrete, which rests on a cement stabilised base; in other cases the surface is concrete, and rests on a normal sub-base.
Each of these stages has been constructed by a different contractor. Consequently, although the constructive methods are similar, they each exhibit distinct features of their own.
The machinery that is being employed for paving the different sections of the motorway is highly sophisticated and varied. The paving machines, in some instances, are fitted with the aid of slip forms.
The longitudinal joints have been made with circular saws. These joints were cut 16 to 24 hours after concreting.
The last machine of the concreting set of equiment was designed to strew a special compound to help the curing process of the concreted slab.


and a 2-bit output y ∈ {00, 01, 10, 11}. Given an input x, the output y is generated by deleting exactly one of the three input bits, selected at random.


This study aims to improve the students' story writing skills and increase the Citizenship Education (Civics) as a tool for maturation for students with a conscious and planned effort through learning so that changes occur in these students related to national knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. The purpose of this study was to improve the learning outcomes of Citizenship Education (Civics) in 3rd grade students of SDN 02 Talun through interactive CD media. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with four stages, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. In this study, two research cycles were conducted. The subjects in this study were 19 students of SDN 02 Talun, Pekalongan Regency. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, tests, documentation and interviews. The success indicator in this study is for individual learning completeness if the proportion of students' correct answers is more than the predetermined KKM and for classical learning completeness if at least 85% of all students have reached the KKM. The results of this study for the first cycle of classical completeness reached 73.68% with 14 students who reached the KKm. While in cycle 2, classical completeness reached 89.47% with 17 students who reached the KKM. So that in cycle 2 the success indicator is achieved


Recent advances in ruthenium-catalyzed ring closing metathesis are discussed, in context of both substrate and catalyst parameters. As well as thermodynamic (substrate) constraints on ring-closing, root causes and effects of non-ideal catalytic performance are examined. Key substrate parameters are outlined, with a particular focus on the balance between oligomerization and ring-closing in RCM macrocyclization reactions. Advances in catalyst design are examined from a mechanistic viewpoint, including initiation requirements, catalyst deactivation, and opportunities resulting from incorporation of pseudohalide ligands. An overview of methods for reducing ruthenium residues in organic products to ppm levels is presented.


The activities of government affect business on a multitude of levels yet of all the ways in which governments seek to regulate and influence commercial activity, taxation is arguably the most significant and contested. Annual Australian surveys of business consistently find that levels of taxation and the complexity of the national tax system are major concerns for managers, while the Business Council of Australia has recently argued that the tax burden confronting Australian corporations is among the highest in the world and has reached a point where it inhibits investment and wealth creation. Tax policy always involves difficult trade-offs and is inevitably politicised. We might all agree that we need governments to protect national borders, regulate markets, provide welfare for the needy along with a host of other essential public services, but the taxes used to fund such services are often unpopular and have the potential to hinder business activity and impede economic growth.


Abstract : An essential element in text comprehension is the reader's ability to integrate newly encountered propositions with those previously encoded into a coherent model of text meaning. Two bases for propositional integration may be: (a) the network of abstract semantic relations, represented linguistically through conjunctions, verbs and other connectives, and (b) the semantic content of related propositions, represented in, for example, argument repetition, collocation and semantic entailment. The purpose of this research was to develop an understanding of the nature of expertise in using information from these sources in integrating semantically related propositions and to identify sources of comprehension difficulty for the less skilled reader.


Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED) is an essential process used in various industrial applications, such as water purification and acid/base production. Additionally, advanced BPMED systems are an integral component of larger CO2 sequestration technologies, allowing for ease of pH control within these systems. Improving these systems is vital to mitigating the global effects of climate change. To develop a viable advanced BPMED scheme, it is necessary to acquire bipolar membranes (BPMs) that operate at minimal voltage loss, high current density, and exhibit little ion crossover, while maintaining high performance over an industrially adequate timeframe. Researchers, such as Oener et al., have advanced BPM designs with the introduction of metal oxide catalysts to the interface of the cation- and anion-exchange layers of the BPM. These advanced BPM have shown a significant reduction in the energetic requirements of water dissociation. Applying these findings to BPMED has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency of BPMED systems, however, the BPM electrolyzer used for the development of these BPM are not directly analogous to an electrodialysis system. Thus, I present here a custom-built BPMED system that allows for the assessment of the specific voltage contributions of each component within the overall BPMED system. Using this tool, we aim to identify and address the performance and durability limitations of advanced BPM in BPMED by monitoring signs of degradation, such as blistering and delamination, and by monitoring changes in the potential drop across the BPM as conditions within the BPMED system are manipulated. This will lead to enhanced efficiencies and increased durability in BPMED applications, allowing for its integration into emerging CO2 sequestration systems, as well as other stacked membrane systems.


While studying X-ray films of new iniopterygians (Subterbranchialia, Chondrichthyes) in the Excello Shale from the Field Museum of Natural History's Bethel Quarry locality in southern Pike County, Indiana, a moderately dense spread of tiny cladodont shark denticles was noticed on the radiographs, confined to micro-horizons of shale about 7.5 mm thick, which also contained the iniopterygians. These denticle spreads, which are entirely unrelated to the iniopterygians, but are seen on X-ray films of most of the chondrichthyan skeletons collected from a sheet of Excello Shale of about 500 m2 in extent, and mostly from two very fossiliferous levels, have an average density of about nine denticles per 1 cm2. Because the chondrichthyan skeletons were collected from all parts of the quarry, it is probable that the denticle spreads in several micro-horizons extended over the entire quarry area and perhaps beyond. The number of denticles in each of the micro-horizons in 500 m2 of shale thus amounts to about 4.6 million. A discussion of the origin of these vast numbers of cladodont denticles, given a variety of taphonomic and depositional constraints, results in the conclusion that these large numbers of denticles could not have resulted from the two species of sharks, Denaea meccaensis and Stethacanthulus longipeniculus, that are members of the burial assemblage and bear dentition teeth indistinguishable from those in the areal spread. Evidence suggesting very rapid deposition of organic muds that produced the characteristic Mecca Quarry type carbonaceous, sheety shales rules out the possibility of accumulation of the denticle spreads over extended periods of time. Because sharks do not possess nearly enough dentition teeth to account for this occurrence, one must entertain the possibility that the denticles are not all dentition teeth, but perhaps for the most part mucous membrane (or even dermal) denticles, though none such are presently known to display cladodont design.


Conflict environments exacerbate an incentive dilemma between employers and private military and security companies (PMSCs). PMSCs seek to maximize profits, but employers seek to minimize expenses and maximize services. We argue that PMSCs are influenced by two complementary economic factors: contract structure and intra-sector competition. Contract structures are set by employers and establish compensation constraints and intra-sector competition identifies potential replacements. Both impact service delivery. We find that PMSCs with contract structures that lack performance incentives, even in the presence of competition, increase the likelihood of violence in Iraq. PMSCs that lacked intra-sector competition had a similar but smaller effect.


We show that a multiply-quantized vortex line core can be energetically stable in a harmonically trapped two-component atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. The structure, in which the condensate component with the vortex line is surrounded by the second component forming a vortex ring, can be identified as a particlelike Skyrmion with a multiply-quantized winding number, and closely resembles cosmic vortons.


Abstract A total of 165 invertebrate species were found on the carbonate Ikka columns and on the rocks in the shallow Ikka Fjord, SW Greenland. The number of species increases with depth and also increases from 92 species nearest the open ocean to 111 species at the head of the fjord near the river deltas. Species reported as new to SW Greenland are: the polychaetes Branchiomaldane la-bradorensis, Leaenea ebranchiata, Baffinia hesslei, Streblosoma intestinale, the copepod parasite Learnea albusand the ascidians Ascidiacf. tritanti, Molgulacf. kiaeri.


─Smart City is one area of application for the Internet of Things (IoT) and it has been attracting attention from both academia and industry. Cities will be composed by autonomous parts that communicate and provide services to each other. For instance, cars (autonomous or not) may be seen as a service that transports people from one point to another. Interactions between users and these kinds of services will grow, making it necessary to have digitization of all these parts of the Smart City. The Digital Twin (DT) concept proposes that real-world assets have a virtual representation connecting the physical world with the cyber world. This allows to track the whole life-cycle of this object as well as perform simulations with current or previously stored data. In this context, this work proposes the use of Digital Twin for enabling and supporting car-as-a-service (CaaS). A case study has been developed to demonstrate the modeling and the deployment of the Digital Twin, highlighting how this concept can be one of the key enablers for CaaS.


Article history: Stomata are essential for e Received for publication 18 July 2008 Revised 13 August 2008 Accepted 2 September 2008 Available online 18 September 2008


This paper demonstrates how the inheritance and storage control facilities of Ada 95, along with the generic package mechanism of Ada 83, can be used to create object-oriented data structures. By way of illustration, a class hierarchy of generic linear collections (stacks, queues, lists, and ordered lists) is presented.


A schematic illustration is given regarding serine restriction on tumor growth. Once the cellular abundance of serine decreased or alanine accumulated, the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) alternatively conjugates alanine and palmitoyl‐CoA to form 3‐keto‐intermediates, which is rapidly converted to 1‐deoxysphinganine and further metabolized to 1‐deoxydihydroceramide (1‐DeoxyDHCER) and 1‐deoxyceramide (1‐DeoxyDHCER), so that to exert cytotoxicity for tumor suppression.


A decentralized adaptive resilient output-feedback stabilization strategy is presented for a class of uncertain interconnected nonlinear systems with unknown time-varying measurement sensitivities. In the concerned problem, the main difficulty is to achieve the decentralization of interconnected output nonlinearities unmatched to the control input by using only local output information corrupted by measurement sensitivity, namely the exact output information cannot be used to design the decentralized output-feedback control scheme. Thus, a decentralized output-feedback stabilizer design using only the corrupted output of each subsystem is developed where the adaptive control technique is employed to compensate for the effects of unknown measurement sensitivities. The stability of the resulting decentralized control scheme is analyzed based on the Lyapunov stability theorem.


The invention discloses an assembling type enhanced steel-wood buckling constraint support with tapping screws. The support comprises a core material, a restraining tube and a non-sticking material or an air layer, wherein the non-sticking material or the air layer is arranged between the core material and the restraining tube, the core material comprises connecting segments, transition segments, a core working segment, a limit clamp and stiffening plates, the two ends of the core working segment are connected with the connecting segments through the transition segments, the limiting clamp is arranged in the middle of the core working segment, the transition segments are in an arc shape, connecting bolt holes are formed in the connecting segments, each stiffening plate is perpendicularly arranged between each connecting segment and the corresponding transition segment in the vertical direction, the restraining tube comprises a piece of upper core material laminated wood and a piece of lower core material laminated wood, the wood texture direction of the upper core material laminated wood and the lower core material laminated wood is transverse, and the tapping screws are perpendicularly nailed into the position between the upper core material laminated wood and the lower core material laminated wood. The assembling type enhanced steel-wood buckling constraint support is used in the earthquake region, post-earthquake rehabilitation can be facilitated, and the earthquake damage can be reduced. The assembling type enhanced steel-wood buckling constraint support has the wide application prospect in the moderate and high-rise wood structural buildings.


In a judgment dated 8 January 2020, the Court of Appeal upheld the decision of the Belgian Competition Authority ("BCA") in which it imposed a fine on the Order of Pharmacists for excluding…


As the importance of human resource management(HRM) in native English teacher(NET) increases, the necessity of development on HRM integration model for NET has been raising. Thus, this study explores HRM integration model for effective NET management in Korea. The results of this study are as follows. First, the number of NET has increased 9 times since 2005 and the students` learning ability of English has raised than ever. Second, HRM system is composed of function and process of management. Third, important issues of function on NET HRM are procurement management, development management, compensation management, and maintenance management. Last, the integration model of NET HRM is developed. The integration model includes human resource inputs - transition - outputs, law and regulation, NET labor market, and management strategy. For the integration model to succeed in NET HRM, alignment is required among the variables within the integration model. (Chungbuk University, Mokwon University, Mokwon University, Chungbuk University)


&NA; The effects of hypnotically induced analgesia and placebo response to "a powerful analgesic drug" were investigated. Highly motivated Ss, who were either very responsive or essentially insusceptible to hypnosis, performed a task which induced ischemic muscle pain. Special procedures and a modified double‐blind condition were adopted to establish plausible expectations in both groups that the two treatments effectively reduce pain intensity. Changes in pain threshold and tolerance following hypnotic and placebo analgesia (compared to an initial baselevel performance), were evaluated and were related to changes in the Ss' subjective ratings of pain intensity. The results support the hypothesis that there are two components involved in hypnotic analgesia: One component can be accounted for by the nonspecific or placebo effects of using hypnosis as a method of treatment; the other may be conceptualized as a distortion of perception specifically induced during deep hypnosis.


A MATLAB model of reservoir operation was developed with historical data of Lake Okatibbee in Mississippi. A downstream flow requirement and reservoir operation rule were assumed for the reservoir. The rule curve was fed into the model as a parameter, and was optimized according to resultant lake elevation and downstream flow. The simulation results showed that by optimization of the rule curve, the lake elevation could be kept at an optimal level while the downstream flow requirement can be met with more reliability.


For adult students, succeeding at fundamental math is a cornerstone to expanding their educational and occupational options. The rates at which students are able to progress through fundamental math vary, and for some achieving a basic understanding of math is challenging. Students who exhibit persistent difficulties with understanding the first level of fundamental math (CNC Math 015) skills were the focus of this project. Vedic math was chosen as the instructional method for a ten week project with students who are enrolled in fundamental Math 015. It was hypothesized that a different approach to teaching and learning math may result in an improvement in student success and in students' perceptions about learning math. After the ten week period, 40% of the Vedic math class completed Math 015 compared to approximately 8% for all Math 015 completions for the years 20072011. Chi-squared analysis indicated this result was statistically significant. I was also interested in the student's and instructor' s experiences with learning and teaching math in a very different way. Students reported their learning experiences to be very favourable and the instructor reported the teaching experience to be very worthwhile. Students experienced more academic success and increased confidence and enjoyment while learning math skills. Overall, results suggest Vedic math is an approach worthy of further exploration.


This community service activity aims to provide training on how toprocessing Moringa leaves into snacks and increasing public knowledge about business opportunities that can produce the basic ingredients of Moringa leaves. In the implementation of community service, there are several steps or forms of activities that will be carried out, including seminars and practice methods. In this community service, targets that are considered strategic to be involved in community service are people who mostly have Moringa plants and are interested in using the Moringa plant. Business from Moringa leaves has good prospects because the Bima City area has a lot of Moringa plants that can grow by themselves. In addition, most of the people of Bima City are aware of the benefits and nutritional value contained in Moringa leaves. If the business of utilizing Moringa leaves as a light raw material can be developed, it will have an effect on improving the economy of the people living in Panggi, Bima City.


An improved spatial differencing method for the direction of arrival estimation is proposed by constructing a spatial differencing matrix with neighboring subarrays under the coexistence of both uncorrelated and coherent signals, as well as the condition of uniform linear arrays. The color noise in the new matrix is suppressed with the property that the color noise is correlative, so the proposed method performs better in the spatial color noise environment. Then, the expression of the maximum detectable signals versus the number of sensors and subarrays is derived. Simulations show that the color noise is effectively suppressed, and the estimation accuracy is improved in the low signal noise ratio environment. The number of maximum detectable signals can be more than that of sensors, varying with the number of subarrays.


Redundancy analysis (RDA) is a canonical form of principal components analysis (PCA) and is one of, so‑called, linear ordination techniques. The goal of ordination is to represent objects and response variables relationships as faithfully as possible in a low‑dimensional space. Redundancy analysis is also a technique of exploratory data analysis. Graphical presentation of the results using the ordination biplots or triplots can facilitate the analysis of the relationship between the variation in the set of the response variables and the variation of the explanatory variables. In the paper, redundancy analysis was applied to assess the relationships between the selected socio‑economic factors and the intensity of the crime against property in Poland.


The operation and maintenance of modern sensor-equipped systems such as passenger aircraft generate vast amounts of numerical and symbolic data. Learning models from this data to predict problems with component may lead to considerable savings, reducing the number of delays, and increasing the overall level of safety. Several data mining techniques exist to learn models from vast amounts of data. However, the use of these techniques to infer the desired models from the data obtained during the operation and maintenance of aircraft is extremely challenging. Di culties that need to be addressed include: data gathering, data labeling, data and model integration, and model evaluation. This paper presents an approach that addresses these issues. We also report results from the application of this approach to build models that predict problems for a variety of aircraft components.


By means of finite element analysis,the Reynolds gas lubricating equation of aerostatic circular thrust bearing is calculated in Cartesian Coordinate.Two different grid generation methods were used according to the different partial porous radius on the gas film of the aerostatic circular thrust bearing.In addition,an automatic grid refinement was realized by Matlab program to reduce the grid generation time.Therefore,the calculation of the bearing pressure distribution was simplified by means of the optimized grid quantity.


The 1960s and early 1970s have come to be thought of as a time not only of political utopias but also of revolutions in family, couples and parent-children relationships. This paper explores these revolutions in Argentina through an analysis of the book Adolescencia y educacion sexual by Psychologist Eva Giberti, one of the most important figures in the transformation of the paradigm of child and teenage rearing in the sixties. I begin with a study of Eva Giberti's views on the conflicts between parents and children, to then focus on her conceptions regarding the world of teenagers. This analysis, based on the documentary archive of Eva Giberti and on magazine articles of the time, reveals that Giberti ultimately supported traditional gender roles and the basic foundations that underpinned the organization of domestic life, and therefore represented a moderate change in family relations. Her views, nonetheless, transformed a great many aspects, as she also questioned common attitudes that shaped family dynamics, calling for greater tolerance, respect and autonomy for the individual, thus proving quite earthshaking for the time. Palabras clave: History; Crianza; Adolescencia; Familia; Argentina; Cultura; Anos sesenta


The amplitude and coherence attributes of three-dimensional (3D) seismic data are used to confirm gas hydrate occurrence and to delineate its distribution in the Zhongjiannan basin, South China Sea. High amplitude anomalies (HAAs) are distributed above or below the regional base of gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ), which intersect with the bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) or are interrupted by different types of pockmarks. The maximum amplitude attribute extracted along T1 (5.5 Ma) horizon is controlled by the widely distributed faults. The layer-bound polygonal faults (PFs) show networks of small normal faults, and the dominant orientations of PFs are similar or orthogonal to the regional tectonic faults, which provide the fluid migration pathways for gas and fluids to form HAAs. BSR shows the strong amplitude and continuous reflection where the faults or PFs can reach the BGHSZ without the influence of the pockmarks. Most of the pockmarks are related to the reactivation of faults and magmation, and some pockmarks are caused by the dissociation of gas hydrate. Around the matured pockmark, the BSR is discontinuous, and HAAs locally appear within the pockmarks. The inverted acoustic impedance profile shows obviously high values of HAAs except in pockmark zones. Partial HAAs occur above BGHSZ, and the continuity is interrupted by the pockmarks with only high values around the pockmarks. We propose that BSR, HAAs, pockmarks, and different types of faults are closely related to the occurrence and distribution of gas hydrates in the study area. This work allows us to understand the relationship between gas hydrate occurrence and accumulation with pockmarks, faults, and magmatic activities.


In this paper, we describe our entity linking system at TAC-KBP 2013. Our system consists of four modules. 1) Query expansion module. 2) Candidate generation module. 3) Candidate Entity disambiguation module. 4) NIL clustering module. First, we expand the queries with the information of the query documents. Then we find the candidates of queries from the Knowledge Base using the WikiPedia knowledge and string matching method. In the disambiguation module, we select a candidate entity using a supervised learning to rank method based on a variety of evidences. Finally, we cluster all the NIL entities which do not been detected in the above modules using the Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering algorithm. The evaluation results show that our method is effective for English entity linking task.


Nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcintus) are considered a nuisance species throughout its U.S. range. They are often the target of wildlife mitigation techniques to reduce its ill-effects on property, biodiversity, and other resources; however, efficient techniques for humane removal evade managers. Most trapping techniques tested to date have used a food-based lure with minimal success. We tested the effects of adding a conspecific attractant—armadillo scent—to wooden traps to improve capture rates. Compared to the reference trap type, the conspecific attractant trap was 8.3 times more effective (Odds Ratio = 8.30, CL= 2.38, 25.00). Our findings suggest that the addition of armadillo scent to traps will improve trapping efficiency. We encourage additional researchers to test additional trap and scent combinations to further improve efficiency.


Perfluorinated compounds(PFCs) are the permanent organic pollutants that have attracted global concern in recent years.They are widely used in large amounts in many products,such as stain-resistant carpets and fabrics,fire-fighting foam and agrochemicals since they have high thermal and chemical stability.PFC compounds have been detected ubiquitously in the environment.Investigation has been conducted in this work on the contents and distributions of 19 PFCs in river water,shallow ground water and tap water from the Yellow River Estuary Area by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).Furthermore,the source of 19 PFCs is discussed in this paper.The results indicate that PFBA and PFOA are the two major compounds in the Yellow River water with ranges of 1.61~4.20 ng/L and 2.04~3.36 ng/L,respectively.Meanwhile,PFOS was detected at lower levels,ranging from 0.90 to 1.31.PFCs were strongly detected in shallow ground water samples.PFBA and PFOA were also the two major compounds in tap water with ranges of 1.62~3.24 ng/L and 4.66~9.34 ng/L.The concentration profiles of PFCs were different between the river water and tap water.PFOS concentrations in river water from the Dongying Yellow River Estuary area were consistent with surface water in other cities of northern China,but significantly lower than those from the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta.PFOA concentrations in river water from the Yellow River Estuary area were consistent with ground river waters in Hohhot and Beijing Guanting Reservoir,but lower than that from other places in China.


Distinct from conventional diaphragm-type pressure sensors, a silicon-based bulk-type high pressure sensor has been analyzed, realized, and characterized. External hydrostatic pressure acting on the sensor is converted to a biaxial compression inside an all-silicon encapsulated vacuum cavity. The stress anisotropy is analytically modeled and numerically simulated. The biaxial compression is measured using two pairs of piezoresistors oriented to optimally utilize the anisotropy of silicon piezoresistance. An improved pressure seal in the test-package allowed extended testing of the sensor up to a pressure of 200 MPa and a temperature of 175 °C. Reported also is a zero-offset of the sensor, largely attributed to the tensile stress induced by the insulating cover oxide after cooling from the high-temperature dopant activation anneal. [2017-0253]


Through the study of sealing characteristics of K1n1 mudstone caprock,preservation conditions of formation water and later seal condition of S 2,3 oil layer in west slope region,this paper deals with the vertical and lateral preservation characteristics of S 2,3 oil layer in west slope region.The effect of preservation conditions of the formation and preservation of oil or gas reservoirs has been discussed,so we arrive at a conclusion that the mudstone caprock of K1n1 to possesses moderate and good sealing ability.The oil or gas preservation conditions are good.Only oil or gas of S 2,3 oil layer was preserved in general concentration subarea,it can stop the destruction of oxidization and degradation.Lateral seal condition of S 2,3 oil layer in west slope region did not develop.They are mainly nose structures whose scope is low and anticlines with small sizes.Some strata overlap,sandstone updip pinch out and fault seal can also provide lateral seal for oil or gas to accumulate.


This paper intends to discover the distinctive characteristics of modem reform projects revealed in the Hwangsung Daily and other periodicals published by reform-minded Confucian scholars. Although they inherited the legacy of Confucianism that had buttressed the Chosun dynasty for about 500 years, a national crisis in the late nineteenth century, originating from both internal deterioration and external invasions, compelled the scholars to seek reform projects. In response to this demand, they actively developed ideas of reform projects with the hope that they would save their country from total collapse. Among many reform ideas proposed, the Hwangsung Daily especially paid attention to four realms: modernization of the educational system, development of the economy, institutionalization of a formal legal system, and restructuring of the state finance system. In modernizing the educational system, the newspaper proposed to develop a new school system, in which students would obtain more practical knowledge as well as traditional Confucian teachings. The paper also emphasized the importance of developing a modern economy since it would result in the increase of national wealth. The most modem feature of political system, as espoused by Confucian reformers, was the institutionali-zation of formal law by which the arbitrariness of political rulers could be checked. Despite the positive aspects of all these reform ideas, the reform projects of the Hwangsung Daily and other Confucian based periodicals were not radical enough and possessed inherent limits, since they tried to legitimate their reform ideas on the basis of the time-honoured tradition of Confucianism. Modern educational, economic and political systems they wanted to develop were not free from the longstanding old problems that had plagued the Chosun dynasty so long. Moreover, the Confucian reforms failed to fully realize the importance of resource mobilization for their reform projects and thus could not devise proper ways to improve the state finance system. The limited radicalism of these Confucian scholars was somewhat inevitable, to the extent that they dreamed of a new society in which old principles still dominated.


In this paper, we identify limitations in prevailing legal theory and notably in the dominant theories underpinning business law. The primary reason for these limitations is the simple economics-based methodologies employed in prevailing business law theories. In this era of complexity, we propose a new interdisciplinary and systemic approach as a way forward towards a reconceptualisation of business law.

Accordingly, the paper is structured as follows: Section 1 sets out the context for the paper, including the convergence of challenges the world faces, which inform the need for rethinking across a range of areas, including law and legal theory. It also introduces key concepts in our paper and explains the structure of the paper.

Section 2 provides a historical overview of the development of business law theory, which we use to illustrate broader issues concerning legal theory. We identify limitations of business law theory, notably as concerns understanding the complexity of the world in which business operates, and the requirements that the goal of sustainability poses to law.

Section 3 outlines the interconnected layers of complexity that the current business law theories do not sufficiently grasp: The complexity of business as it operates in reality, the complexity of law as but one element of 'regulatory ecologies', and the complexity of the broader social-ecological systems (ecosystems and human society). Business and law are, of course, elements of social-ecological systems. However, we find that there is a research gap in sustainability science (the field encompassing the social-ecological systems research) concerning the complexity of business reality and the limited regulatory power of law.

In response, in Section 4 we propose an interdisciplinary approach to legal theory, drawing on an empirical recognition of the complexity of reality, and the interconnectivity and interaction of law and other societal institutions as elements of social-ecological systems.

Section 5 concludes with reflections on the urgency of discipline-bridging approaches in research, to develop foundations for changes towards a sustainable future.


From the last few years, the use of efficient ejector in refrigeration systems has been paid a lot of attention. In this article a description of a refrigeration system that combines a basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle with an ejector cooling cycle is presented. A one-dimensional mathematical model is developed using the flow governing thermodynamic equations based on a constant area ejector flow model. The model includes effects of friction at the constant-area mixing chamber. The current model is based on the NIST-REFPROP database for refrigerant property calculations. The model has basically been used to determine the effect of the ejector geometry and operating conditions on the performance of the whole refrigeration system. The results show that the proposed model predicts ejector performance, entrainment ratio and the coefficient of performance of the system and their sensitivity to evaporating and generating temperature of the cascade refrigeration cycle. The simulated performance has been then compared with the available experimental data from the literature for validation.


The article presents a calculation model of the linear energy of welding P235GH steel tubes with high-frequency currents in order to obtain an optimal microstructure and geometry of the weld of high internal purity. The model was developed based on real data for the standard linear energy used in the steelworks Huta Łabędy and presented as the power factor P/V and P/(V·t), where P is the power [kW], V the production speed [m/min] and t the wall thickness. The model can be used for two ranges of pipe diameters: 114.3–168.3 mm and 219.1–323.9 mm. The data from the model were implemented into the High Frequency Induction (HFI) control panel of Huta Łabędy in order to produce test tubes which were subsequently tested with ultrasounds to verify the quality of the internal weld. In addition, samples were taken for metallographic analysis, which was supposed to check whether the applied linear energy calculation model allows the obtainment of the optimal weld geometry and the optimal angle of the metal flow line allowing for swelling and the extrusion of melted impurities from the inside of the joint by the squeeze rolls. The metallographic analysis also determined the nature of the occurrence of ferrite inside of the center diffusion bond and the zonal microstructure of the joint, the control of which is based on the correlation of the parameters of the mechanical process of forming the tube with the linear energy of welding. Carrying out the technological and technical process based on the applied HFI linear energy calculation model allowed us to obtain a weld of high purity and metallurgical consistency. This model can be used in the future on an industrial scale for the production of pipes using the HFI method.


The problem we consider that is about finding similar images in a large database. The most efficient algorithms use local image descriptors. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm based on the intersection of 2-D histograms in HSV space. The proposed histogram is based not only on the intensity of pixels but also on a 3x3 window. This approach overcomes the drawback of the classical histogram which ignores the spatial distribution of pixels in the image. By comparing its performances to several methods of the state of the art, we will show that the developed method presents several advantages. The proposed histogram is faster, reduce memory consuming and it doesn't require learning. For validation of our results, this algorithm will be applied to search similar images in a database of over than 1000 images. Finally, we show that the proposed algorithm is efficient than the method of searching by the intersection of classical histograms in HSV and RGB spaces.


Excess molar volumes and viscosities for binary liquid mixtures of n-alkoxyethano I s + I-propanol have bee n measured as a function of composition at 308.15 and 318.15 K and atmospheric pressure over the full range of composition. Excess molar volume and viscosity at 298. 15 K for the mixtures, I-propanol + diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (2-(2butoxyethoxy) ethanol), C4H9(OC2H4)20H and viscosity al 298.15 K for the mixtures, I-propanol + dieth y lene glycol monoelhyl ether (2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethanol), C2Hs(OC2H4h OH have also been measured over the whole composition range. From these results deviation in viscosity, tl.1], from a mole fraction average have been calculated at various temperatures. The excess volumes and viscosity deviations have been correlated using the Redlich-Kiste-r polynomial equation by the method o f least-squares for the estimation the adjustable parameters and the standard errors. McAllister's three body and four body interaction models are used to correlate the kinematic viscosities. Furthermore. activation enthalpies, tl.H· and entropies, tl.S· of viscous flow have been evalu ated and their variation with concentration discussed. IPC Code: Int.C1. 7 GOIN In continuation of our studies on thermodynamic, acoustic, and transport properties of some binary mixtures of alkoxyethanols with organic solvents 1-5, the present paper reports the excess molar volumes, VIl1E, and viscosities, 1], for binary solvent mixtures containing I-propanol (CJ H70H), with diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (C2H5(OC2H4h OH) and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether


7 The development of in vivo imaging and optogenetic tools makes it possible to control 8 neural circuit activities in an all-optical, closed-loop manner [1], but such applications 9 are limited by the lack of software for online analysis of neuronal imaging data. We 10 developed ORCA (Online Real-time activity and offline Cross-session Analysis), which 11 performs image registration, neuron segmentation, and activity extraction at over 100 12 frames per second, fast enough for real-time readout of neural activity. Using ORCA, 13 we demonstrate closed-loop control of neurons in the mouse auditory cortex by two-14 photon targeted optogenetic inhibition of sound-evoked activity in selected neurons. 15 ORCA also includes an offline module that processes hour-long imaging sessions 16 within minutes and efficiently tracks neurons across multiple sessions. With a modular 17 design, ORCA can be easily integrated into existing analysis toolboxes. In summary, 18 ORCA is a powerful toolbox for closed-loop neuronal manipulation and fast data 19 analysis.


The velocity of the surface airflow is an important factor for laser machining. A laser drilling experimental platform of titanium alloy, with 0~0.2Ma airflow, is established totest the machining efficiency feature. AQuasi-Continuous-Wave (QCW) pulsed Nd: YAG laser with the max power up to 2000 W is used as the drilling source, operating at a repetition rate of 400 Hz and pulse duration of 200μs. The purpose of our study was to relate the environment condition and the parameters of the laser to the machining efficiency. Analysis wasmade in this paper for the high machining efficiency feature by QCW laser compared to the CW laser. Experimental results show thathigher machining efficiency is caused by higher airflow rate, which would benefit for the performance of lasermachining.


In this study, static end loading tests with load transfer measurement were accomplished for large diameter drilled shaft constructed in fault zone. Yield pile capacity (or ultimate pile capacity) from load-settlement curve was determined and axial load transfer behavior was measurd. The end bearing capacity was increased 2 times due to grouting the toe ground under pile base.


Elastic resource allocation is a desirable feature of cloud environments, and one of the main reasons for their widespread adoption. Resource elasticity allows for adaptive and real-time infrastructure scaling that can follow workload fluctuations in a cost-effective manner without sacrificing performance. Promising Machine Learning (ML) approaches employ Reinforcement Learning (RL) where an agent interacts with the cloud environment by employing actions, observing the reward of their outcome and modifying its strategy accordingly. Nevertheless, one of the main problems of RL in this setup is that to acquire a sufficient initial knowledge of the environment, the agent needs to perform numerous time-consuming and performance-degrading interactions with the cloud. In this work we design and implement RBS-CQL, a Deep-RL Kubernetes agent system to monitor and automatically scale the containers of a NoSQL application according to incoming workload. We combine training optimization techniques from contemporary literature as well as offline RL algorithms to reduce the training time. We provide empirical results that show that RBS-CQL achieves systematic improvement of more than 10% compared to its online equivalent for a given number of experiences and that it is able to extract improved decision-making policies even from data of lower quality.


The first patient to receive a dynamic aortic patch was Mr. T., a 63-year-old plant guard from metropolitan Detroit, Michigan (1,2). Mr. T. had severe chronic congestive heart failure and was bedridden with weakness, marked dyspnea, and leg edema. His symptoms were first noted five years earlier, when he complained of difficulty in breathing and a productive, frothy cough. Treatment at that time had consisted of digitalis and diuretics. His condition had deteriorated during the last several years, and


The purpose of this paper is to argue that a theory of argumentation can be incorporated into a theory of communication (i.e. Relevance Theory). Whereas argumentation is the process of justifying something in an organized or a logical way, which is composed of one or more claims and shows one or more grounds for maintaining them, communication is sharing communicators' intentions. A speaker's conveying of his intention to hearer is to create an effect in the hearer's mind. Two pragmatic theories, Relevance Theory (henceforth RT) and argumentation theory (henceforth AT) are involved in this approach, which is based on the position that communication is always accompanied with argumentation. However, RT has been more focused on explaining how the utterance is interpreted by the hearer, not how argumentation is performed. For this reason, this approach presented here argues for the needs to extend the scope of RT's application. This integrated approach within a single principle of relevance ultimately contributes to pursuing a more economic and coherent explanation of argumentation.


In the French epistemological tradition of the 20thcentury,Georges Canguilhem inherited Gaston Bachelard's epistemology and applied it to life science,thereby expanding and revising Bachelard's idea. Canguilhem's particular insight into life science rested in the fact that he neither interpreted the life as blind impulse,nor did he explain it with physical and chemic concepts,forming his holistic view on life,namely,a unity between knowledge and life,and between reason and unreason. On this basis,life science is what he referred to as"knowledge of life". Canguilhem's idea in life science is appreciated by many life scientists and philosophers in today's biology.


The study analyzed the characteristics of absorption and accumulation for 6 kinds of heavy metal elements(Mn,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cd,Pb) in 3 common ornamental plants(Rhododendron simsii,Osmanthus fragrans,Gardenia jasminoides) from cities in the South.Results show that the order of average contents of 6 heavy metal elements in green soil goes from high to low as follows: ZnMnPbCuNiCd,their average contents are respectively 221.111,104.791,82.238,57.289,42.673 and 5.113 mg/kg,and Cu,Ni,Cd and Pb elements may come from the same sources;that the overall average enrichment capacity of Rhododendron simsii,Osmanthus fragrans and Gardenia jasminoides to the 6 elements are respectively 0.34,0.28 and 0.19,showimg a strongest to Mn with average coefficients being 1.23,0.73 and 0.31 and a weakest to Zn and Ni;that Rhododendron simsii has the highest translocation capacity to the 6 elements,its average coefficient being up to 1.92,Osmanthus fragrans comes the next,its average coefficient being 1.62,and Gardenia jasminoides is the last,its average coefficient being only 1.09;and that Rhododendron simsii,as hyper-accumulator to Mn,has two basic characteristics at the same time.


The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship among risk aversion, brand trust, brand affect, attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty for low involvement day-to-day use of personal care products.,To achieve the above-stated objective, a theoretical model was tested using structural equation modeling. Before undertaking the analysis, preliminary analysis techniques such as the common method bias social desirability bias reliability and validity analysis were also assessed.,The results indicate that, for low involvement products, risk adverse consumers do not purchase a brand based only on trust. Risk aversion is also positively associated with attitudinal loyalty. When it comes to the relationship between brand trust and brand affect, it has been concluded that brand trust has had an important impact on brand affect. In this study, it has been found that attitudinal loyalty has a positive and strong impact on behavioral loyalty. This paper explains that due to the lack of trust, certain risk adverse customers are sticking with a particular brand.,Most of the brand loyalty research has been performed on high involvement products, whereas very limited research is available on low involvement day-to-day use products (i.e. personal care products), in particular where the consumption period of the product is less than a month. This kind of research is very rare, and this study has been done to fill this gap using rigorous data analysis.


This study was undertaken to determine whether Leuconostoc citrovorum plays a role in carbon dioxide production in milk. The ability of L. citrovorum strains to produce gas was studied by two methods. A qualitative method, in which an agar plug was forced up the neck of a volumetric flask, measured gas visually. This method demonstrated that 0.25% yeast extract, in a milk medium at 30 C, stimulated the production of at least 10 ml of gas. Studies using a Gilson Differential Respirometer revealed that L. citrovorum produced 500 to 900 ,liters of CO2 in 6.5 hr, whereas 800 to 1,500 ,liters of CO2 was produced in nonfat milk which contained 0.33% yeast extract. Cell extracts of Streptococcus cremoris, S. lactis, Lactobacillus lactis, L. casei, and L. helveticus also enhanced gas production of L. citrovorum from 20 to 70%. Autolysates of these bacteria, present during the ripening


The acid dissociation constants, pKa, and the stability constants for NpOj and UOi have been measured for certain organic ligands [acetate, α-hydroxyisobutyrate, lactate, ascorbate, oxalate, citrate, EDTA, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 1,10-phenanthroline, and thenoyltrifluoroacetone] in 5 m (NaCl) ionic strength solution. The pKa values were determined by potentiometry or spectrometry. These methods, as well as solvent extraction with U and Np radiotracers, were used to measure the stability constants of the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes of dioxo cations. These constants were used to estimate the concentrations required to result in 10% competition with hydrolysis in the 5 m NaCl solution. Such estimates are of value in assessing the solubility from radioactive waste of AnOJ and An0 + in brine solutions in contact with nuclear waste in a salt bed repository. in the brine to the extent measured by the stability constant. This complexation would be influenced by factors such as the temperature and ionic composition of the brine solutions. The latter, which may vary from 0.7 m to 8 m is the concern of this study. For the complexation reaction in solution,


The study intends to capture the factors determining absorptive capacity of a subsidiary firm in the automobile industry of India. The selected six manufacturing firms from passenger car segment of Indian automobile industry are analysed. CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of expenditure on imported raw materials, the R & D (research & development) intensity of the selected firms, royalty intensity, and expenses for training of staff are the major measures used to understand the absorptive capacity of the subsidiary firms. CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of the expenditure of firms on the imported raw materials shows no significant rise. Moreover all firms' data gives very low R & D intensity. Though there is no significant rise in the import of raw materials, the expenditure on royalty rises relatively. The study reveals that firms show very low absorptive capacity as all indicators performs low. The article also discusses the major determinants of technology transfers theoretically. Persistent and bold policy measures are necessary to grow ourselves as innovators.


During the sulfur vulkanization accelerated by thiurams and sulfenamides (CBS) isothiocyanates (ITC) are formed inevitable. Their amount increases with higher sulfur dosage significantly. Prolonged vulcanization time and higher vulcanization temperature promote the emission of ITC, too. The reaction products formed during vulcanization at 180 and 210 C were analyzed by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Zinc dithiocarbamates promote the formation of ITC more than the thiurams DMPTD, TMTD and TMTM. The lowest amounts of ITC were formed with DMPTD. Small changes to either the formulation or processing conditions can substantially reduce these hazardous components in fumes.


Surette for their important help in developing this revision to the structure of the SCF weights. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author alone and do not necessarily represent the opinions of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.


This concludes my short review of the emotional factors which I think contribute to the so-called allergic diseases. Recognition of these factors of necessity involves a consideration of personality structure and the development of nervous tension in man. There are a number of physicians who maintain that such knowledge comes to us with experience and is to be regarded as the art of medicine. Such an attitude cannot be defended, and I am convinced that psychopathology can be taught pari passu with tissue pathology at the student level, and that stress should be laid on the fact that awareness of both is essential to the proper understanding and management of disease.


While the existence of pre-electoral coalitions fundamentally modifies the bargaining environment in which potential cabinet formulas are negotiated, the survival chances of cabinets that include them follow predictable yet different patterns to those of 'regular' coalition governments. This article combines original and existing data sets on Western and Central and Eastern European cabinets with information about pre-electoral coalitions (1944–2008) in order to estimate the impact of such alliances on government survival rates. In doing so, I employ a Cox Proportional Hazard model and a 'competing risks' research design which distinguishes between replacement and early election hazards. The findings indicate that both Western and post-communist cabinets formed by pre-electoral coalitions exhibit considerably lower rates of discretionary terminations. This effect is reversed in the case of incumbent pre-electoral coalitions. Last but not least, Western European cabinets that replicate pre-electoral coalitions are significantly less likely to end through dissolution and early elections.


In this note, we aim at reducing the state space of dynamic programming algorithms used as column generators in solving the linear programming relaxation of set partitioning problems arising from practical applications. We propose a simple generic lower bounding criterion based on the respective dual optimal solution of the restricted master program. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


(22) Filed: Nov. 21, 2003 A card game wherein a player has the choice of playing the players initial hand of cards as either a poker hand or a Related U.S. Application Data modified blackjack hand. If the player elects to play the hand (60) Provisional application No. 60/428,813, filed on Nov. 25, as a poker hand, the player will win if he or She acquires a 2002. poker hand that matches one of a plurality of predetermined (51) Int. Cl.................................................... A63F 1700 poker hands. If the player elects to play the hand as modified (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................ 273/292; 273/274 blackjack hand, the player wins if the player acquires a hand (58) Field of Search ................................. 273/292, 274, that qualifies as a winning hand. If the player wins, the 273/309, 303-306;463/12, 13 player has the option of playing the dealer in a Second type of card game wherein the player has the option of wagering (56) References Cited all of his or her winnings ("Double Down") or wagering


Art and design are homologous, and both permeate and influence each other. New thoughts and developments in the field of art will quickly penetrate and influence the field of design. Although in the early days of arts and crafts of representative John ru skin tried to painting, sculpture, and other art forms of "great art" and represents the design apart from the "art", but in the process of the development of modern art movement appeared in a series of design, such as modernism, post-modernism, contemporary art, etc., there is a art and design influence each other. This paper selects typical contemporary art schools and discusses their influence and significance on modernism with cases.


Through generalizing the primary situations of firms capital operating in China,the paper has analyzed some problems,such as,thoughts which is not fit for the needed situation,excessively interfering firms capital operating,shortage of techniques and talents,imperfect regulations of the government,etc.Currently,we should start from the following aspects:a.Transferring functions of the government and strengthening macro control functions.b.Establishing the mechanism of firms capital operating though transforming the stock systemic.Cultivating and developing capital market in China.d.Establishing the standard investment bank.


Pure and enriched titanium dibromide (TiB2) samples (prepared by hot isostatic pressing) with different mole ratios of Ni and Ta were investigated in contact with molten eutectic salt (FLiNaK(eut); LiF/NaF/KF 42.5 mole %: 11.5 mole %: 42.0 mole %) at 600°C. Corrosion resistance of the materials was studied, the mass losses and depths of corrosion were calculated, and sample surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Nickel addition decreased the corrosion resistance of TiB2. Simultaneous additions of both elements, Ni and Ta, as well as the addition of Ta only showed reducing effect on grain formation and they increased the corrosion resistance which is highest in the last case.