MANET is a type of Ad-hoc network that has frequently changing topology due to mobility of nodes. Routing protocols that are developed for traditional wired and wireless networks does not suitable for MANET, therefore several routing protocols have been developed for MANETs. Routing protocols that have been developed for MANETs are categorized in to proactive, reactive and hybrid protocols, among those protocols Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol are the popular reactive routing protocols used in MANET.AODV performs better than DSR protocol. Even though AODV performs better than DSR, AODV need improvements. Researchers have identified that in order to discover routes AODV use broadcasting RREQ packets. This broadcasting process is costly in terms of delay, bandwidth. Whenever route failure occurs need to done this route discover process again. Due to this process lot of delay and overhead will occur to the data transmission. In order to minimize the effect of this RREQ broadcasting process researchers have implemented a route caching mechanism for AODV protocol by providing nodes with extra cache space, make necessary changes to the RREQ packet to carry node address and sequence number, make necessary changes to extract information and use that information whenever needed. In this modified protocol whenever route failure has occurred, node which detects a route failure try to repair route using cached routes. Simulation have been done using NS2 against AODV protocol and DSR protocol in terms of throughput, delay and packet delivery ratio, simulation results show that the modified AODV protocol performs better than the current on demand routing protocol which are AODV and DSR protocol.


This paper investigates the agency problem with moral hazard, where the principal hires multiple agents, and can only imperfectly monitor their action choices by observing their correlated public signals. The principal will penalize any detected deviant only by firing her and other agents. The key assumption of the paper is that agents are divided into multiple distinct groups. Within each group, all its members can make the binding commitments to achieve their collusive action choices. It is shown that it may be easier to provide the agents with the incentive to make the most desired action choices when multiple groups are established than when either no group or only the grand group is established. It is also shown that in terms of uniqueness, relative performance evaluation through inter-group competition will work better than that through inter-individual competition.


Peroral biopsy of the small bowel mucosa in infants and small children has recently come under serious criticism, and has been adjudged a difficult and hazardous procedure unwarranted in the routine investigation of childhood coeliac disease (Sheldon and Tempany, 1966). The main reasons for this were (1) a failure rate of 35% and (2) a significant risk of perforation or haemorrhage. The perforation rate in a series of biopsies of children weighing less than 10 kg. was 9%, rising to 33% in infants weighing less than 6 kg. (Partin and Schubert, 1966). It is the purpose of the present paper to describe a technique which is safe, and achieves a 90% success rate, even in small or underweight infants. Moreover, it allows a biopsy to be taken readily from or beyond the proximal jejunum: this contrasts with the statement by Anderson (1966) that biopsies in children are rarely obtained beyond the duodenojejunal junction.


Electrochemical properties of functionalized carbons with ferrocene alkyl monolayer were evaluated with different electrolytes and solvents for charge storage applications. Investigations were performed both by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy using edge plane pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrodes, being a good example of fragile and porous carbon material. The functionalization method is based on the electrografting of protected aryldiazonium ions that leads after deprotection to the formation of a covalently attached monolayer. In a second step, C11-long chain alkyl ferrocene is attached on the platform. The functionalization considerably increases the charge density by a factor of 5-10 depending on the electrolyte with the advantage that it does not alter the structure of the carbon surface. The grafted layer presents a very fast electron transfer kinetics providing an easy way for increasing the charge density in devices like supercapacitors, the charging time being limited by the resistance of the electrolyte.


Objective To assess the value of clinical application of hysterosalpingography by ultrasound.Methods This paper presents 50 sterile cases, In 17 cases,the results of X\|ray hysterosalpingography were juxtapose,in 13 cases of whom the results were contrasted with those of laparoscopy or operation.Results The results of ultrasonographic hysterosalpingography were found to coinside with those of X\|HSG by 82.4% and with those of laparoscopy by 80.0%.Conclusion Ultrasonographic hysterosalpingography has been proved to be a practical method in evaluating the function of the oviduct.Meanwhile,the liquid for ultrasonographic hysterosalpingography has been proved to be effective in producing clear images. [


In recent years, the interest in the use of renewable energy has encouraged the growth of studies into renewable sources, such as the production of biofuels. This work investigates the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE), vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium (VLLE) and liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) of binary, ternary, quaternary and pseudo-quaternary systems using an optimization approach for components found in biodiesel production, which consists in vegetable oils, fatty acids, esters and alcohols. A methodology has been developed based on the Gibbs energy minimization and the discretization of the molar fraction domain, which incorporates a thermodynamic model to describe the phase equilibria. This work used the Soave-RedlichKwong equation of state (SRK-EOS) for phase equilibria calculation, where the compressibility factor was used to determine the phase present in the system (liquid, vapor or supercritical fluid). The chemical and phase equilibrium problem is solved using linear programming and satisfies the mass balance constraints. It was found that the proposed methodology adequately represents the selected experimental data, with an average absolute deviation of 1.31 % obtained.


This note grew out of joint work and discussion with Spencer Backman. Fix G = (V,E), a finite, undirected, connected graph which can have multiple edges but not loops. Designate a distinguished root vertex q ∈ V and set V q := V − {q}. All constructions that follow will depend on the pair (G, q), which we call a pointed graph. For any U ⊆ V and u ∈ U , define dU (u) := #{e = {u, v} ∈ E : v ∈ V − U} and dU := ∑ u∈U dU (u). Let k be some field and R := k[xv : v ∈ V q] the polynomial ring with generators indexed by non-root vertices. For r ≥ −1 define the following power ideal of R:


Risk perceptions refer to subjective judgments of risk and are often found to deviate from numerical risk estimates. Although the probability and severity of risks do influence risk perceptions, risk perceptions are also influenced by many psychological factors. According to the psychometric model of risk, risk perceptions are characterized by two main dimensions: the degree to which a risk is dreaded and unknown. Dread risks are uncontrollable, catastrophic, involuntary, inequitable, fatal, new, global, and not easily reduced. Unknown risks are not understood by science, unobservable, new, and delayed in their effects. The psychometric model provides a framework for thinking about individual differences in risk perceptions, such as differences by gender, race, and level of expertise. Differences in risk perception can also be influenced by the degree to which people trust various sources of risk information, including the government, industry, and scientists. Finally, factors like uncertainty, fairness of risk distribution in society, and emotional reactions to risks also contribute to risk perceptions. Many of the psychological factors that influence risk perceptions cannot be easily quantified in numerical risk assessments; therefore, risk perceptions can be regarded as providing information that supplements numerical risk assessments in policy decisions.

Keywords:

optimism bias;
dread risk;
white male effect;
psychometric model;
affect heuristic;
fairness;
trust


This paper examines the relationship bank share returns have with interest rate changes. Specifically, what is the systematic interest rate risk of Australian bank share returns. The reasons why bank shares and interest rates possibly have a relationship with interest rates are numerous, interrelated and complicated. Shares and interest rates generally have a relationship because of the comparison made between interest bearing securities and dividend paying shares. However, the relationship is compounded with banks, because of their exposure to interest rate risk. This paper involves two separate analyses. The first part involves attempting to measure a bank share's interest rate sensitivity. This will be achieved using a two index market model, which will give a measure of a banks systematic interest rate risk. The second part attempts to discover the reasons for this relationships existence. This involves a survey of banking analysts. The two index market model was applied to the ANZ Banking Group (ANZ); National Australia Bank (NAB), and; Westpac Banking Corporation (WBC). In addition the Australian Bank Accumulation Index (Bank Index) was used to gain an indication of the general relationship between bank shares and interest rates.


This article provides a general numerical approach for modelling the response of deep tunnels excavated in saturated time-dependent plastic rock masses, considering a coupled solid-fluid interaction and time-dependent plastic behaviour. In order to do that, a Burgers-viscoplastic strain-softening model has been developed and implemented into the finite element method software CODE_BRIGHT, and a coupled solid-fluid model is used to simulate the interaction between solid deformations and fluid flow. Parametric analyses are then performed to analyse the influence on the tunnelling response of different time-dependent models, different standstill times and different excavation rates. It has been observed that the time-dependent model selection is crucial to simulate the response of underground excavations. Additionally, the coupled solid-fluid results are significantly different from the purely mechanical ones. The liquid pressure build-up in the vicinity of the tunnel face and the overpressure dissipation with time due consolidation can be accounted for. Moreover, the higher the excavation rate, the larger build-up of liquid pressures occurs. ©


Our original cloning of the gene coding for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (Bodner, Fridkin & Gozes, 1985), led to the identification of VIP's involvement in synapse formation and neuroprotection, through our discoveries of activity-dependent neurotrophic factor (ADNF) (Brenneman & Gozes, 1996) and activitydependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) (Bassan et al., 1999; Zamostiano et al., 2001). To precisely delineate VIP and ADNP activities in the whole animal, we established transgenic animals, showing that manipulating VIP content impacts cognition in the mouse (Gozes et al., 1993). As for mouse ADNP, complete knockout results in severe neuronal tube closure defects and embryonic death at the time of neural tube closure (Pinhasov et al., 2003). ADNP haploinsufficient mice survive and show cognitive and social deficiencies, with pathologies resembling autism (Malishkevich et al., 2015) and Alzheimer's disease (Vulih-Shultzman et al., 2007). Delineating the mechanism of action of ADNP, we discovered binding to the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and heterochromatin protein 1 alpha, and direct interaction with specific gene promoters (e.g. the major risk gene for Alzheimer's disease, apolipoprotein E) (Mandel & Gozes, 2007; Mandel, Rechavi & Gozes, 2007). We have further discovered interactions with proteins associated with RNA splicing (Schirer et al., 2014), as well as with proteins regulating translation, like eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (Eif4e) (Malishkevich et al., 2015). In the cell cytoplasm, ADNP further interacts with the autophagy mechanism, binding to microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) (Merenlender-Wagner et al., 2015) and to microtubule end binding proteins (EBs) (Oz et al., 2014). These multiple interactions, with key regulatory proteins, was further associated with the fact that ADNP regulates > 400 genes during embryonic development (Mandel et al., 2007) and thousands of genes postnatally, with age and sex differences (Amram et al., 2016). Importantly, ADNP was recently identified as one of the major genes mutated de novo, leading to autism (short review and case report, Gozes et al., 2015). Furthermore, blood borne ADNP levels correlate with IQ tests in elderly individuals (Malishkevich et al., 2016). To try and combat ADNP deficiencies, we have designed and synthesized an ADNP – derived peptide, drug candidate, NAP (NAPVSIPQ) (Bassan et al., 1999), also known as davunetide, CP201. Containing the EB1,3 interacting domain SIP, NAP directly interacts with microtubules to induce the formation of dendritic spines (Oz et al., 2014) and brain synaptic plasticity. While enhancing ADNP interaction with microtubules as well as the autophagosome, NAP provided enhanced microtubule dynamics and active autophagy (Esteves, Gozes & Cardoso, 2014; Merenlender-Wagner et al., 2014). In animals, NAP provided protection against neuronal toxicities and genetic manipulations associated with autism, schizophrenia (Vaisburd, Shemer, Yeheskel, Giladi & Gozes, 2015) and Alzheimer's disease (Matsuoka et al., 2008). Based on the NAP binding site, a novel drug candidate was developed, namely SKIP, enhancing axonal transport and protecting cognition (Amram et al., 2016). While SKIP development is still at the preclinical stage, NAP has shown clinical efficacy and is now planned for further clinical development at Coronis Neurosciences (http://www.coronisns.com/) (see Fig. 1).


Simple Summary The Haliotis discus hannai (H. discus hannai) is one of the most economically important species cultured in China. Currently, the problems of slow growth and small abalone sizes have become increasingly serious, causing economic losses to farmers. The most effective way to solve the problems of slow growth, miniaturization, and lack of large abalone is by molecular genetic manipulation to breed high-quality abalone that have rapid growth rates. Analyzing the genetic mechanism of abalone growth and discovering key functional genes are thus critical for this genetic improvement program. Many studies have confirmed that myostatin is an important regulator of muscle growth in animals. In this study, we investigated the molecular structure and function of hdh-myostatin in H. discus hannai. The results revealed that hdh-myostatin contained structural characteristics typical of the TGF-β superfamily and was involved in the regulation of growth. Our findings would help to clarify the role of hdh-myostatin in the regulation of abalone growth and provide a reference for the application of molecular markers of growth traits in mollusk breeding. Abstract Myostatin, also known as GDF8, is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. In vertebrates, myostatin negatively regulates the growth of skeletal muscle. In invertebrates, it has been reported to be closely related to animal growth. However, knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms involved in the myostatin regulation of molluscan growth is limited. In this study, we found that the hdh-myostatin open reading frame (ORF) comprised 1470 base pairs that encoded 489 amino acids and contained structural characteristics typical of the TGF-β superfamily, including a C-terminal signal peptide, a propeptide domain, and TGF-β region. Gene expression analysis revealed that hdh-myostatin mRNA was widely expressed at different levels in all of the examined tissues of Haliotis discus hannai. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with the growth traits. RNA interference (RNAi) against hdh-myostatin mRNA significantly downregulated hdh-myostatin at days 1, 15, and 30 post injection, and the pattern was correlated with downregulation of the genes TGF-β receptor type-I (hdh-TβR I), activin receptor type-IIB (hdh-ActR IIB), and mothers against decapentaplegic 3 (hdh-Smad3). After one month of the RNAi experiment, the shell lengths and total weights increased in the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the hdh-myostatin mRNA level was higher in the slow-growing group than in the fast-growing group. These results suggest that hdh-myostatin is involved in the regulation of growth, and that these SNPs would be informative for further studies on selective breeding in abalone.


Decisions on the future conformation of the planet and its biosphere will soon have to be made. About 30% of the globe under different categories will be declared a protected area by 2030. Such determination on international level, perhaps unique in its kind due to its territorial scope, will lead to the re-conformation and resignification of enormous spaces. For a century and a half, protected areas have been changing their purposes; it is now necessary to review their governance and the effectiveness of their management, which should not replicate that of unprotected territories. High social and environmental expectations will fall on marginal public institutions within their governments. Many of them dream that these territories will provide alternative models to those offered by traditional governance, projecting non-environmental political utopias and adding complexity. The objective of this work is to evaluate the challenge and lay out criteria to confront it. To this end, demands and feasibility in the case of Argentina are analyzed through two scenarios, estimating the necessary resources and pointing out possible criteria. It is concluded that many priorities must be reformulated in the country and the world to meet a new territoriality since the environmental governance is a good alternative, which is as much in crisis as the traditional one.


We consider a two-phase method for computing the complete set of efficient solutions of the biobjective minimum spanning tree problem. The first phase computes the extreme efficient solutions by expanding the convex hull of the feasible space. The second phase repeatedly applies a k-best minimum spanning tree algorithm to find all nonextreme efficient solutions. We report results of our computational experiments comparing the performance of this method with another two-phase method, where the second phase is based on a branch-and-bound computation. The "k-best" method performs significantly better in our tests.


PURPOSE
The present study aimed to investigate the dosimetric impacts of the anisotropic analytic algorithm (AAA) and the Acuros XB (AXB) plan for lung stereotactic ablative radiation therapy using flattening filter-free (FFF) beam. We retrospectively analyzed 10 patients.

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed 10 patients. The dosimetric parameters for the target and organs at risk (OARs) from the treatment plans calculated with these dose calculation algorithms were compared. The technical parameters, such as the computation times and the total monitor units (MUs), were also evaluated.

RESULTS
A comparison of DVHs from AXB and AAA showed that the AXB plan produced a high maximum PTV dose by average 4.40% with a statistical significance but slightly lower mean PTV dose by average 5.20% compared to the AAA plans. The maximum dose to the lung was slightly higher in the AXB compared to the AAA. For both algorithms, the values of V5, V10 and V20 for ipsilateral lung were higher in the AXB plan more than those of AAA. However, these parameters for contralateral lung were comparable. The differences of maximum dose for the spinal cord and heart were also small. The computation time of AXB was found fast with the relative difference of 13.7% than those of AAA. The average of monitor units (MUs) for all patients was higher in AXB plans than in the AAA plans. These results indicated that the difference between AXB and AAA are large in heterogeneous region with low density.

CONCLUSION
The AXB provided the advantages such as the accuracy of calculations and the reduction of the computation time in lung stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) with using FFF beam, especially for VMAT planning. In dose calculation with the media of different density, therefore, the careful attention should be taken regarding the impacts of different heterogeneity correction algorithms. The authors report no conflicts of interest.


With the deepening and the further development of the higher education reform, the working out theory of single courses have been receiving more and more attention, which is of realistic importance for the analysis of the factors which affect the working-out of the courses. The factors include both internal factors and external factors, the former including higher education thoughts, the subjective activity in working out of the courses and the students' learning manners while the latter including the operation ideas of the higher education, the university subcultures, the material conditions offered by the universities for the working out of courses and the cultural environment of the universities.


Academic instruction continues to be an important componenet of curriculum for students with mild mental retardation, although relatively little recent research has been reported on basic skills assessment and programming. In the current study, students in elementary EMR programs were administered a series of two academic probes in spelling and in two computational skill areas in arithmetic to determine their stability of performance and thus the reliability of the measures, indicating that these academic probes were reliable assessment tools. Implications for the use of such curriculum-based measures with handicapped students are discussed.


The objective of present research work was to formulate and characterize Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) containing Tamoxifen Citrate - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) and to study the effect of process parameters on Formulation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. SLN were prepared by High Shear Homogenization followed by Ultra sonication. Prepared SLN were characterized for Particle Size, Polydispersity Index, Zeta Potential, Entrapment Efficiency, Assay, Morphology and In vitro drug release. Process parameters like homogenization speed, homogenization time and ultra sonication time found to influence the particle size and entrapment efficiency. Prepared SLN were of particle size 95-152 nm and entrapment efficiency 72-85 %. Assay of Tamoxifen in SLN was found to be 99 % in various batches of SLN. SLN were found to spherical in shape by Transmission Electron Microscopy. In vitro drug release study using dialysis membrane indicated SLN as a good carrier for sustained release of drug. SLNs showed sustained release pattern releasing 99.5 % of Tamoxifen over period of 40 hours compared pure drug (240 min). The critical process parameters homogenization speed, homogenization time and ultra sonication time were optimized to get smallest particle size and maximum entrapment efficiency of SLN.


Spectroscopic observations of a solar limb flare recorded by SUMER on SOHO reveal for the first time hot, fast magnetic reconnection outflows in the corona. As the reconnection site rises across the SUMER spectrometer slit, significant blue- and redshift signatures are observed in sequence in the Fe XIX line, reflecting upflows and downflows of hot plasma jets, respectively. With the projection effect corrected, the measured outflow speed is between ~900 and 3500 km s-1, consistent with theoretical predictions of the Alfvénic outflows in magnetic reconnection region in solar impulsive events. Based on theoretic models, the magnetic field strength near the reconnection region is estimated to be 19-37 G.


Laser plasma conferences have been organized in various countries each year since 1965. Attending the Moscow conference were more than 200 scientists from Czechoslovakia, Eastern Germany, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Japan, Romania, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the USSR.


The mission of Omnidea, a Portuguese SME is to perform leading edge R&D in innovative energy concepts. In collaboration with Research Institutes Omnidea is developing a technology based upon a regenerative energy storage cycle. In this cycle the recharge system converts CO2 into hydrocarbons using a renewable source of power. The discharge system produces electrical energy when hydrocarbons and oxygen from the recharge system are directly supplied to a device such as a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). This work focuses on the challenges involved in the task of bringing this technology closer to the market. A key feature of this technology is the use of copper which is known to have unique properties for converting CO2 electrochemically into hydrocarbons. The modification of copper electrodes with copper deposits to improve the catalytic activity and selectivity of the cathodes in the production of hydrocarbons in aqueous solvents is also described.


The invention relates to a rapid propagation method of jasmine seedlings. The rapid propagation method comprises the following steps of: (1) design and installation of LED (light-emitting diode) plant growth lamps; (2) cuttage matrix and containers; (3) selection and cutting of jasmine green-branch cutting wood; (4) rooting agent treatment; (5) cuttage; (6) management and environmental control after cuttage; and (7) transplantation and pot culture. The method has the advantages of high propagation speed, capability of carrying out jasmine seedling rapid propagation in an industrialized manner, significant economic benefits and the like.


Abstract This research examined the relationship between types of perfectionists and differences in post-adolescent intellectual development. University students completed the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (Slaney, Rice, Mobley, Trippi, & Ashby, 2001) and the Scale of Adult Intellectual Development (Newman & Martin, 1999). The results revealed significant differences in the cognitive complexity and epistemic sophistication obtained by adaptive, maladaptive, and nonperfectionists. Nonperfectionists endorsed a less complex personal epistemology than either maladaptive or adaptive perfectionists, while maladaptive perfectionists demonstrated a more relativistic epistemology than either adaptive perfectionists or nonperfectionists. Implications for college counselors and therapists who encounter individuals broadly labeled as "perfectionists" are discussed.


This invention comprises an arrangement for overload restriction, adapted to cooperate with a system (''S) for an electric and by one or more batteries or ''a'' battery set driven vehicle (1) to be driven along a stretch of roadway, comprising a one or more over an individual electric motor or motors drivable vehicles (1), with said respective vehicles (1) exhibiting a control circuit (100, ''R1'') controlling the power for creating the necessary power and/or speed control, wherein a necessary power i.a. can be supplied primarily by a chargeable battery set (''B'') allotted to the vehicle, and ''b'' a plurality of a roadway sections (2a1) subdividing the stretch of road, each one allotted to one or more electric stations (''s1'', ''III'') for thereby charging the battery set (''II''; B) of the vehicle and/or supplying the necessary power and energy for driving the vehicle. The invention indicates that to said vehicles external source of power (''III''; 71; 42) is connected, at least to a chosen maximized power outlet, a withdrawn power limiting circuit (74a) and that this circuit (74a) is adapted, over a switch (44a) to supply the power to said conductor (4a, 4b) in its roadway section (2a2), during the time periods when the vehicle (1) passes said roadway section (2a2).


This chapter investigates the social reading and writing platform Wattpad as a site of collaborative production and consumption. I consider Wattpad as a community of readers and writers engaging in a process of creative dialogue and collaborative production of a shared commons and also as a transactional marketplace in which these readers and writers engage in the creation and circulation of value and exchange of services. I then go on to examine the various ways in which Wattpad, as both community and marketplace, articulates with the world of traditional publishing and the wider field of commerce: providing a launch pad for fledgling writers, an audience development opportunity for established writers and a marketing service for brands. Having considered these aspects, I argue that Wattpad's fan community represents an emerging economic force and model within publishing. Furthermore, drawing on the work of Berlant and Arvidsson, I consider the extent to which this community might have the potential to function as a 'productive consumer public' and to exercise social and political as well as economic influence. Coming out of this discussion, I suggest some topics for future research into contemporary trends and future models of publishing.


It is considered that behavioral finance is basically the extension of behavioral economics. It is specially related to the arena of thinking of investor and his mind towards the stock market. The main objective of this study is to define the emotions based theories which are used to explain the stock market problems and terms. It is also critically analyzed the issues related property for behavioral research and the theory of behavioral finance. After the analysis of this paper we came to know that investors cannot always motivated by emotions, and it is not necessary that the property market will only be sufficient at the weak form efficient. There is a need of deep analysis for the theory of behavioral finance. The two major concepts of behavioral finance are discussed by this paper. First, investor psychology and limit to arbitrage.  Next, the theories related to psychology used in behavioral finance both are reviewed.  The identification of issues related to property market is made possible by the analysis of behavioral finance theories and development. This analysis is useful to understand these theories by using behavioral model. Investor always want to invest in those projects which having greater profit and the minimum chances of loss or risk. So this psychology of investor is also discussed in behavioral finance. It is also considered the feelings and thinking errors which encourage the investors and process of making decisions.    Next the paper will discuss about the human behavior theories which can motivate or demotivate the human's mind to make any decision. These theories will be discussed later in detail. These are Prospect theory, judgment under uncertainty (overconfidence, fear of regret, Representativeness heuristic, Availability heuristic, Anchoring and judgment). If we discuss about stock price irregularities related to reaction higher than expectations of investor, under reaction, force strategies, steering Behavior, effect of the size of firm and book value or market value ratio effects. The behavioral model is excellent to explain all these anomalies.  Possessions or real estate research is concentrated on the human behavior because they believe that all the decisions are made in the property or real estate markets are always from the perception of human behavior. Similarly investor is also a human so the investment decisions will always made by the person who is interested in doing some investment. He will always focus the market conditions and then he will decide whether he should invest or not. These human behaviors and psychologies having a great effect on the stock prices. As human behavior might have biases about the property valuation field and also about the market information. This will have to discuss in this research paper that how behavioral finance can help the investor to make wise decisions. The behavioral finance paradigm, claims that investment adoptions are not always made on the basis of full rationality but it is necessary to understand the investment market sensations. The behavioral research issues those will be discussed and analyzed in this paper will lead to the path for developing a joined strategy for the investment in property.


Protecting the environment against the hazards of construction and demolishing (C&D) wastes is crucial. Elimination of C&D wastes by using them as recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) within the manufacture of new concretes is a promising solution for this problem. Since RCA coming from demolished structures have poor qualities, overall performance of new concrete should be monitored carefully. Without achieving a satisfactory strength performance, manufacturing concretes with RCA could not be widely accepted in construction sector. This study investigates the effects of silica fume, which is an effective pozzolanic material, on the properties of concrete mixtures made with 50%RCA as a replacement to quarried aggregates. RCA used was obtained from a 25-years old public building in Nicosia that was structurally failed and demolished. Results obtained indicated a 12.3% water demand increase for obtaining the targeted slump when SF was added in fresh concrete. The increase in compressive strength of concrete with SF in 28 days was 1.5%, where this increase was recorded as 8.1% at 90 days, yielding more than 65MPa strength. Also, addition of SF was observed to improve flexural strength of concrete samples up to a 4.3% at the age of 28 days, enabling the manufacture concrete mixtures apt for structural use.


Wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) numerical simulation have been carried out to acquire wind pressure distributions on a huge gas tank.Surface aerodynamic pressures obtained by wind tunnel test are analyzed,and are compared with those from numerical calculation and relevant design codes.The results indicate that the effect of Reynolds number on wind tunnel data is not obvious because of H-beam distributed on the structural surface and disposed surface roughness,and it does somewhat influence wind pressure values in the separation zone of flow field around structural surface.Power spectrum densities(PSD) of RMS lift and drag coefficients are broadband spectra.Mean wind pressure can be reasonably simulated based on RNG k-e turbulence model,and results of structural surface pressure obtained by numerical simulation also can be used in structural wind resistant design.The effects of Reynolds number are reflected by CFD simulation for different levels of Reynolds numbers.


With the upgrade and transformation of tourism development from sightseeing to leisure and holiday-making travel and the close combination of tourism and real estate industry,there appears a large scale(with an area of scores of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers) multi-functional and all-covering new-type land comprehensive development model,which is oriented by tourism attractions and supporting service facilities,intergrated with outdoor sports,MICE shopping mall,leisure and holiday-making resort.Based on the observation and survey of a great number of such development cases,we define this tourism-real estate concept as"Tourism-oriented Land Development"(TOLD).The analysis finds that TOLD pattern usually requires a mechanism based on the close cooperation and make-up between local government and investment businessmen,real estate and tourism industry,public and private goods.Its operation is embodied by four basic features,characterized by special theme,various activities,mixed market,hinterland-depended,recreation-oriented and real estate-supported high amount of investment.In accordance with the differentiation of the overall feature of land use,TOLD can be divided into three types,namely,ecology-oriented low development,culture-oriented theme development and market-oriented pluralistic development.


The present invention is directed to solving the most difficult in learning other languages, which is learning the sounds problem. Since the 80s it became clear that the difficulty to perceive sounds in other languages comes from perception. Perception suffers interference with the mother tongue and tends to interpret the sounds of other languages as part of the sounds of the mother tongue. The present invention is based on generating an audio in another language and simultaneously positioning an image that captures the visual attention of the user. This care reduces the influence of the internal mechanisms of interference and produce the technical effect that the user perceives sounds better in another language. The manipulation of the image in different ways to extending more user attention on the image, thus reinforcing the perception of such sounds.


There is growing evidence that environmental electric and magnetic fields in the extremely-low-frequency (ELF) band below 300 Hz can influence biological functions by mechanisms that are only poorly understood at the present time. The primary objectives of this paper are to review the physical properties of ELF fields, their interactions with living systems at the tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels, and the key role of cell membranes ;in the transduction of signals from imposed ELF fields. Topics of discussion include signal-to-noise ratios for single cells and cell aggregates, resonance phenomena involving a combination of static and ELF magnetic fields, and the possible influence of ELF fields on molecular signaling pathways that involve membrane receptors and cytoplasmic second messengers.


Today, a number of algorithms exist for constructing tag hierarchies from social tagging data. While these algorithms were designed with ontological goals in mind, we know very little about their properties from an information retrieval perspective, such as whether these tag hierarchies support efficient navigation in social tagging systems. The aim of this paper is to investigate the usefulness of such tag hierarchies (sometimes also called folksonomies - from folk-generated taxonomy) as directories that aid navigation in social tagging systems. To this end, we simulate navigation of directories as decentralized search on a network of tags using Kleinberg's model. In this model, a tag hierarchy can be applied as background knowledge for decentralized search. By constraining the visibility of nodes in the directories we aim to mimic typical constraints imposed by a practical user interface (UI), such as limiting the number of displayed subcategories or related categories. Our experiments on five different social tagging datasets show that existing tag hierarchy algorithms can support navigation in theory, but our results also demonstrate that they face tremendous challenges when user interface (UI) restrictions are taken into account. Based on this observation, we introduce a new algorithm that constructs efficiently navigable directories on our datasets. The results are relevant for engineers and scientists aiming to improve navigability of social tagging systems.


The purpose of the article is to determine the procedures for the formation of a modern system of indicators to assess the socio-economic development of inclusive tourism in different regions of Ukraine. This approach will determine the concept of development of the administrative and territorial unit of any country. Methodology. Formation of the methodological basis of the article is associated with the author's research and practically-adapted approbation of the results of these studies. Results. As a result of the formation of a methodological basis for the development of inclusive tourism in the system of socioeconomic relations at the regional level, a mechanism (model) for using the integral index as an indicator of the economic feasibility of using it in the system of regional management and economic development is proposed. The types of indicators of economic efficiency of the introduction of inclusive tourism and types of effects from the activities of inclusive tourism are defined, the methods of assessment of inclusive tourism as an innovative project, the method of determining the integral indicator of inclusive rehabilitation of people, taking into account the natural resource and recreational and tourist indicators are proposed for consideration. Practical implications. Given the relevance of the topic related to inclusive tourism, we see rational to evaluate the development and implementation of this innovative direction in the socio-economic system of regional development of Ukraine, which can serve as a model for adapting it to the administrative and territorial units of other countries. Value/originality. The development of the integral indicator of inclusive rehabilitation of people is the author's development, which is being practically tested and in the near future will become a universal methodology in working with people with inclusion and inclusive tourists in particular. For implementation in the socio-economic system of regional development, such innovative direction as inclusive tourism will allow to cover additional population groups (the poor, pensioners, people with disabilities, large families and others) in the provision of a variety of tourist services. Given the multifunctionality of the tourism sector and its economic potential, the introduction of inclusive tourism will help to stabilize or improve the overall economic situation in the regions of Ukraine.


Through the practice of superior tree collection at Shuigou Forest Farm of Luoping county since 1999,a set of technology on establishment of superior tree collection site was summarized.The results of field experiments on 13 superior trees of Qujing city and 20 superior families introduced from Wenshan showed that there were very significant difference on the growth of height,diameter and crown width among different families.Through the selection on superior trees,11 clones were selected out,which were recommended to use on forestry production.


Methoprene [isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2(E),4(E)-dodecadienoate] is a synthetic insect growth regulator that is used extensively for control of the cigarette beetle(Lasioderma serricorne) in stored grins and tobacco products. In 1990 a successful cELISA was developed for methoprene; more recently, this immunoassay was redeveloped as an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). In the present study, HPLC data were used to test the accuracy and precision of the assay for use with various tobacco genotypes


Distributed computing is widely used by many researchers due to several advantages in terms of low cost with high efficiency. In the present paper, a step topological structure is explained and process model is designed through Markov chain. The energy is computed when information is transmitted from one node to another node. End to End delay is also computed in terms of the transmitted rate. Transmission time is also computed and results are represented in terms of table and graph. Since, it is newly developed topological structure under distributed environment, hence comparison on the said topological structure is not possible however it can be converted in the form of bus topology.


This book is a revision of Meynet's New Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels (2010, ET), with updated material on Luke and a rewritten final chapter. An introduction presents traditional gospel synopses and historical-critical synoptic study, before inviting the reader to discover a synchronic alternative: Chapter 1 offers separate analysis of the healing(s) at Jericho (or 'call narratives') in Mt. 20.29-34, Mk 10.46b-52 and Lk. 18.3543 followed by synoptic reading of the 'failed call narratives' of the encounter in Mt. 19.16-22, Mk 10.17-22 and Lk. 18.18-23. Chapter 2 then explores each gospel's narrative's co-texts (or 'sub-sequences'), before Chapter 3 fits both stories into larger compositional units (or 'sequences'): Mt. 19–20, Mk 10.1-52 and the architecturally more complex Lk. 17.11–18.30 and 18.31–19.46. Finally Chapter 4 zooms out to Mk 10.1– 15.47 (and Mark as a whole) and Lk. 9.5–21.38 (and Luke as a whole); while the structure of Mt. 19–20 is provisionally assimilated to Mk 10, the epilogue explains how a full account of the composition of Matthew remains to be given. For Meynet, all synoptic pericopes require analysis as integral rhetorical components of their respective gospels. Four successive 'operations' achieve this: its rhetorical analysis and synoptic comparison, plus consideration of its biblical (or intertextual) context and its theological and spiritual interpretation—as elaborated in Rhetorical Analysis (1998). Only when Meynet possesses a full account of the composition of Matthew, as for Mark and Luke, does he envisage drawing tantalizing implications for construing or solving the synoptic problem itself.


Life histories of two ligulate forms of Desmarestia with different phylloid width from one site on the Canadian Pacific coast were studied in culture. Meiospores from a form with narrow phylloids germinated into monoecious gametophytes. Meiospores from a form with broad phylloids developed into dioecious gametophytes, showing sexual dimorphism characteristic for dioecious species of Desmarestia. The two growth forms also differed in culture conditions required for gametogenesis. We conclude that at least two different species of ligulate Desmarestia occur on the Pacific coast of North America.


Adjusting doses of renally cleared medications and/or avoidance of nephrotoxic medications are standard clinical practices in chronic kidney disease (CKD), albeit the prevalence of inappropriate prescribing (IP) in these patients remains high. Therefore, this work sought to systematically review the prevalence of IP and compare the relative effectiveness of available interventions in reducing IP in CKD.


The long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 030329, associated with the supernova (SN) SN 2003dh, occurred inside a star-forming dwarf galaxy at redshift z = 0.1685. The low redshift, and a rich se ...


The lack of preparation for after the war, the disorganization of the Coalition, the mistakes of changing strategies have created an obsession of insecurity in Iraq which limits any possibility of reconstruction. The political process is out of line with expectations, international organizations are not very present and Iraqi security services are still unable to take control. International investment is necessary but seems problematic.


The frequent occurrence of silicified erect stumps or lying trunks (commonly called "Matsuiwa") in the coal seams makes a particular feature of the coal fields (Palaeogene) which are developed in a wide-spread area of the northern part of Kyushu Island. In observing through a considerable number of specimens obtained from several important coal-fields, I found that all of them belong to one and the same species which should be considered as a new taxon of Taxodioxylon in a wide sense (Taxodioxylon matsuiwa Watari in Bot . Mag. Tokyo, 79. 165-173, 1966). On the other hand, the clastic sedimentary strata of the Palaeogene of this area also contain the fossil woods abundantly and result of observations on these woods makes us possible to suppose the existence of laxuariant flora rich in dicot trees under warm-temperate or subtropical climate. It may highly be possile to assume, under the mutual supports presented by these palaeobotanical evidences and many geological investigations, that Taxodioxylon matsuiwa ever consisted the pure and swampy forests resembling those of the moderen Taxodium or Glyptostrobus in the growing habit.


This paper is devoted to the analysis of criterial validity for numerical and verbal tests widely used for the assessment, evaluation and selection purposes in human resourses. The research databse was compiled from two sourses, that is, testing data of employees from a broad range of companies, and criterial data from assessment centers. Criterial validity is a correlation coefficient between the resulting score and the indicator of work efficiency. The results show that tests on numerical and verbal skills are instructive and valid tools among other methods of human resourse assessment and selection. The link between the verbal test results and competences aimed at organising, learning and development has been found. The numerical test results were assossiated with such competences as goal orientation, learning abilities and development orientation. The results of both tests correlated to the results of competences related to problem solving and decision making.


Thermal comfort dominates the decisions on the HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) sizing and operations. Despite industry standards aim to achieve the perfect occupant comfort, they mostly fail in occupant satisfaction and cause superfluous energy consumption. Similar to design practices, energy modeling tools also depend on the predefined standards to determine the acceptable thermal comfort levels which leads to system oversizing. In the first paper, we demonstrated the impact of the autosize option in system sizing and explored the use of uncertainty analysis with the consideration of the offsets between energy consumption decrease and unmet hours increase. This paper analyzes the impact of different tolerances that has been widely used in energy modeling industry, inspects unmet load hour calculation methods of energy simulation tools and discusses the robustness of the 300 hour limitation of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1. Finally, it explores a new framework to guide the unmet hour acceptance criteria and demonstrate energy saving possibilities through downsizing approach.


Laser solid interaction with 80 fs pulses at 3.6 micron wavelength was studied. Damage thresholds of Si, Ge, CaF2, and sapphire were determined. Laser induced surface periodic structures were observed in Si and Ge.


Alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity wasdetected inaquatic microbial assemblages fromthesubtropics toAntarctica. Theoccurrence ofAPaseinenvironmental nucleotide extracts wasshowntosignificantly affect themeasured concentrations ofcellular nucleotides (adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, guanosine triphosphate, uridine triphosphate, andcytidine triphosphate), adenylate energy charge, andguanosine triphosphate/ adenosine triphosphate ratios, whenconventional methods ofnucleotide extraction wereemployed. Underthereaction conditions specified inthis report, the initial rateofhydrolysis ofadenosine triphosphate wasdirectly proportional to theactivity ofAPaseinthesample extracts andconsequently canbeusedasa sensitive measure ofAPaseactivity. Amethod wasdevised forobtaining reliable nucleotide measurements innaturally occurring microbial populations containing elevated levels ofAPaseactivity. Themetabolic significance ofAPaseactivity in microbial cells isdiscussed, anditisconcluded that theoccurrence andregulation ofAPaseinnature isdependent uponmicroscale inorganic phosphate limitation oftheautochthonous microbial communities. Phosphorus isanessential nutrient requirementforall forms oflife andcomprises between 1and4%ofthetotal dryweight ofmostmicrobial cells (16, 43,58). Whencultured inP-enriched media, however, manyspecies ofmicroorganisms exhibit luxury uptake andhavethe ability tocondense polyphosphates, thereby disproportionately increasing their total cellular P concentration tovalues -10%ofthetotal dry weight. Thedistribution oforganic phosphorus underbalanced growth conditions isapproximately 65%asnucleic acids, 15%asphospholipidsand20%asacid-soluble fractions (58). More comprehensive separations havealso beenpublished (52). Theacid-soluble fraction consists primarily ofphosphate esters, andderivatives thereof, including theabundant nucleoside phosphates (e.g., adenosine mono-, di-, andtriphosphate [AMP,ADP,andATP,respectively]) and sugar phosphates (e.g., glycerol-phosphate, glu


The fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir with heterogenic oil deposit in the reservoir space (Zhou, 2000; Jin, 2005; and Zhang, 2001), mainly large-cave secondary dissolution pores, featured with multiple existence of fracture-cave systems, pressure systems and seepage elements (Zhang, 2000), is acknowledged for the high success rate drilling operations on it, and also plagued by the low yield of high-efficient well and the complicated of oil/gas production. The high-efficient exploration of the fracture-cavity reservoir relies on the identification of the reservoir's connectivity.


The different pattern recognition models have been proposed in recent years and the different research groups are working on for the recognition result.Handwritten character recognition for any Indian writing system is rendered complex because of the presence of composite characters. Hence the selection of a feature extraction method is probably the most important factor in achieving high recognition performance for Marathi character recognition.The goal of


This paper problematizes the representations on teachers in childhood education in the city of Pelotas/RS, between the 1940s and 1960s, expressed in the documents of the first private or public institutions which had vacancies for children. In the researched document sources, the representations of the teacher are coupled up with the religious discourse (Catholic), when the vocation and the mission of such professional are highlighted. Among the representations, we would like to mention the different ways of being a teacher: the teacher is someone to correct a child's "defect" as well as his/her family, the teacher as a health educator and good fairy. At the same time in which the childhood educator is thought to be something inherent from the female gender, a continuous professionalization is demanded. Such representations intertwine and are mixed to each other, playing, an important role to guide the teachers, the children and the families, establishing, somehow, the inseparability between teaching and motherhood


As the common product development,the topic-selection is also exploring and innovative since the book product is of multi-varieties and small batch.Simultaneously,it has multi-links of realization,multi-departments,multi-channel and sale realization space and time disparity for the central flow,which causes the selected-topic have more risk compared to the common product.Taking the risk management elementary theory as the instruction,with the performance in topic-selection of publishing,analysis each kind of risk which possibly meets in the topic-selection,the constructive comment is given to avoid the topic-selection risk.


This study analyzed CSC(Chemical Safety Clearing-house) which is the statistical system of domestic chemical accidents, operated by National Institute of Chemical Safety. Among the total of 370 chemical accidents between January 2013 to August 2016, 13 cases occurred during loading or unloading oper...


Amongst non-human species, one limitation to innovation is conservatism, or the tendency to avoid novel behaviors related to a familiar object or paradigm. Conservatism has recently been implicated amongst non-human primates in both social conformity and as a potential impediment to insight learning, or the ability to spontaneously solve a novel problem. On the other hand, sometimes relatively simple changes will circumvent this problem. I will discuss both what we know about conservatism in nonhuman primates as well as potential implications for innovation in humans.


Oxide semiconductor thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with low‐voltage operation, excellent device performance, and bias stability are highly desirable for portable and wearable electronics. Here, the development of low‐voltage indium‐tin‐zinc‐oxide (ITZO) TFTs with excellent device performance and bias stability based on a dual‐channel layer and an anodic‐oxide dielectric layer are reported. An ultra‐thin anodic AlxOy film as a gate dielectric layer is prepared using an anodization process. The dual‐channel layer consists of an oxygen‐uncompensated channel layer and an oxygen‐compensated capping layer. It is confirmed that the dual‐channel structure is effective for enhancing device performance and bias stability in comparison with the single‐channel structure. As a result, the dual‐channel ITZO TFT gated with anodic AlxOy exhibits an effective saturation mobility of 12.56 cm2 Vs−1, a threshold voltage of 0.28 V, a subthreshold swing of 76 mV dec−1, a low‐voltage operation of 1 V, and good operational stability (threshold voltage shift (ΔVTH) < −0.03 V under a negative gate bias stress and ΔVTH < 0.15 under positive gate bias stress of 3600 s). The work shows that the ITZO TFTs, based on a dual‐channel layer and an anodic‐oxide gate dielectric layer, have great potential for low‐power, portable, and wearable electronics.


For the original paper see ibid., vol. 45, no. 7, p. 894-98 (1998). In the aforementioned paper, the authors claim to have derived a current-mode equivalent of the Friend-Deliyannis biquad. They have also compared their realization with the earlier proposed current-mode equivalent due to Ananda Mohan (see ibid., vol. 42, p. 225-8, 1995). However, the commenter points out that the derivation in the above paper is not an exact equivalent of Friend-Deliyannis biquad, but is an adjoint of a new active RC circuit of the Sallen and Key type (1955). The authors reply to this comment stating that in their opinion the circuit proposed by Ananda Mohan is not a new one, but is just the unstable op-amp based version of the Deliyannis bandpass filter.


To improve the interfacial compatibility between sawdust fir flour and polypropylene (PP), the effects of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) on the Short-term physical properties of sawdust fir flour /PP composites were investigated. For this purpose, water absorption and thickness swelling of samples was determined at different levels of MAPP content. The results showed that the water absorption and thickness swelling of composites was lowered with the increase in MAPP content. Additionally, from these results,


The article talks about the reader's right in Data Library.The purpose of the article is to tell the readers how to protect his own legal rights and how to make full use of the library.And the article discusses what librarians should do for protecting the reader's rights.


The counselors'working executive force may guarantee the work of serving students to be effective,and counselors'working task and contents are the foundation for promoting their executive force.This article discusses the cognition and practice about promoting the counselors'executive force from the following aspects of basic connotation of the executive force,the promotion of the counselors' personal cultivation,the working idea's change of serving the students and the working mode's innovation of serving the students.


To the Editor:

We read with interest the recent article by Jerrard-Dunne et al in which they established race-specific ranges for thrombophilia markers in blacks.1 Testing for hereditary thrombophilia has been advocated for a myriad of both arterial and venous disorders and the association with venous thromboembolism (VTE) but not arterial disease has been established in well-conducted studies.2 A common feature in thrombophilia research is the tendency to ignore the potential for ethnicity to influence disease. The conventional hereditary thrombophilia tests performed in the United Kingdom include a range of investigations: genotyping for factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin mutations, and measurement of protein C (PC), protein S …


A series of ten shots were performed on the Saturn generator in short pulse mode in order to study planar and small-diameter cylindrical tungsten wire arrays at {approx}5 MA current levels and 50-60 ns implosion times as candidates for compact z-pinch radiation sources. A new vacuum hohlraum configuration has been proposed in which multiple z pinches are driven in parallel by a pulsed power generator. Each pinch resides in a separate return current cage, serving also as a primary hohlraum. A collection of such radiation sources surround a compact secondary hohlraum, which may potentially provide an attractive Planckian radiation source or house an inertial confinement fusion fuel capsule. Prior to studying this concept experimentally or numerically, advanced compact wire array loads must be developed and their scaling behavior understood. The 2008 Saturn planar array experiments extend the data set presented in Ref. [1], which studied planar arrays at {approx}3 MA, 100 ns in Saturn long pulse mode. Planar wire array power and yield scaling studies now include current levels directly applicable to multi-pinch experiments that could be performed on the 25 MA Z machine. A maximum total x-ray power of 15 TW (250 kJ in the main pulse, 330 kJmore » total yield) was observed with a 12-mm-wide planar array at 5.3 MA, 52 ns. The full data set indicates power scaling that is sub-quadratic with load current, while total and main pulse yields are closer to quadratic; these trends are similar to observations of compact cylindrical tungsten arrays on Z. We continue the investigation of energy coupling in these short pulse Saturn experiments using zero-dimensional-type implosion modeling and pinhole imaging, indicating 16 cm/?s implosion velocity in a 12-mm-wide array. The same phenomena of significant trailing mass and evidence for resistive heating are observed at 5 MA as at 3 MA. 17 kJ of Al K-shell radiation was obtained in one Al planar array fielded at 5.5 MA, 57 ns and we compare this to cylindrical array results in the context of a K-shell yield scaling model. We have also performed an initial study of compact 3 mm diameter cylindrical wire arrays, which are alternate candidates for a multi-pinch vacuum hohlraum concept. These massive 3.4 and 6 mg/cm loads may have been impacted by opacity, producing a maximum x-ray power of 7 TW at 4.5 MA, 45 ns. Future research directions in compact x-ray sources are discussed.« less


Aiming at the disadvantage of linear congruential method widely used in urban traffic system simulation software,this paper adopts graphic approximating and statistical testing methods to compare the random number generators that being used and being researched.According to the norm theorem,it presents 2-norm statistical test performance evaluation expression and error.Analysis results indicate that MT algorithm can achieve better performance in traffic simulation.Example gives a proof that MT algorithm approximates actual traffic situation better.


Information is one of the factors contributing to decision making, along with political, socioeconomic, organizational, and temporal factors. Given the multiple variables and the interaction among them, there is no one outcome that exclusively qualifies as "use" and no one time that defines when the information must be "used." There is little doubt that different outcomes are apparent at different points. The present research studied information utilization in 39 local mental health agencies over an eight-month period. Patterns of information use and nonuse over time were investigated. Results indicate that many organizations still were in the process of making information use decisions eight months following presentation of the information. Furthermore, high rates of information use were likely to be associated with information that was relatively easy to implement. By contrast, reports of low information use generally involved information of greater scope and ideas that were more difficult to implement.


A robust scheme of locating and counting the number of vehicles m urban traffic scenes, a core component of vision-based traffic monitoring systems, is presented The method is based on the evidential reasoning, where vehicle evidences m the background subtraction Image are obtained by a new locally optimum thresholding, and the evidences are merged by three heuristic rules using the geometric constraints The locally optimum thresholding guarantees the separation of bright and dark evidences of vehicles even when the vehicles are overlapped or when the vehicles have similar color to the background Experimental results on diverse traffic scenes show that the detection performance is very robust to the operating conditions such as the camera location and the weather The method may be applied even when vehicle movement is not observed since a static Image IS processed without the use of frame difference


This study examined the acceptability of different silvicultural treatments to restore pine barrens, an open, fire-dependent forest landscape type globally imperiled across the northern Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. In an online survey, we asked family-forest owners (N = 466) in Northeastern Wisconsin about the acceptability of pine barrens restoration treatments through ratings of both verbal descriptions and visual scenarios. An informational statement about pine barrens restoration purposes and goals preceded ratings for half the sample. Across the entire sample, acceptability ratings for eleven verbally-described treatments generally declined as treatments became more intensive, creating greater openness on the landscape. Information recipients found two groups of treatments identified by factor analysis (selective openings, fire) more acceptable than non-recipients, and cluster analysis identified four respondent subgroups, each with varying levels of acceptability. The respondents also rated the acceptability of visual scenarios, with treatment attribute combinations portraying a range of likely restoration alternatives. While we generally found correspondence between verbal and visual acceptability ratings across the entire sample, the groups distinguished by their verbal acceptability ratings did not substantially differ in how they rated the acceptability of the visual scenarios. Implications are discussed for designing and communicating the purpose and value of restoration treatments to stakeholder groups.


This study was conducted in the districts of Kaeng Khoi and Muang, located in the center of Saraburi province, Central Thailand. The purpose was to use a stable isotope technique to identify recharge areas where rainfall infiltrates. Analysis of stable isotopes in groundwater, surface water and rainwater were conducted in September 2014. Isotope compositions of groundwater were found to have δD values that ranged from -37.55‰ to -48.04‰ while δ18O values ranged from -5.30‰ to -7.34‰. The Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) in the study area was indistinguishable from the Bangkok Local Meteoric Water Line (BKK LMWL), and the stable isotope values of rainwater in area were more depleted than BKK LMWL. The isotope compositions of surface water revealed that the effect of evaporation could divide the groundwater into two groups, with the first group locally receiving rainfall and the second group interacting directly with surface water. Therefore, care must be taken to prevent groundwater contamination in the latter group due to polluted surface water caused by human activities.


This paper investigates the stability of switched linear systems with switched feedback controller in which delays are present in both state and switching signal. For switched systems with average dwell-time switching signals, based on the approach which combines multiple Lyapunov function techniques with the merging switching signal technique, sufficient conditions for stability of the closed-loop are established in case where some subsystems are stabilizable. The stability results are robust to both state delays and switching delays as well as small linear unmodeled dynamics.


A method for controlling a turbocharger supplying air to an internal combustion engine comprises the steps of a) empirically determining a desired operating state of the turbocharger for any chosen engine speed and commanded fuelling rate; b) storing the empirically determined operating states as a function of engine speed and commanded fuelling rate in a lookup table; c) measuring a current engine speed and a current commanded fuelling rate of the engine; d) retrieving a desired operating state of the turbocharger from the lookup table based upon the current engine speed and the current commanded fuelling rate; and e) setting the turbocharger to the desired operating state determined at step (d). The use of a lookup table obviates the need to sense or calculate the air mass rate error. The wastegate state table in the ECM is generated from empirical engine data and permanently stored in the ECM memory. The ECM may thus be programmed for any particular engine/turbocharger combination.


We establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the propagation of chaos by a family of many-particle Markov processes, if the particles live in a Polish space: a sequence of n-particle Markov transition functions propagates chaos if and only if it propagates chaos for pure initial states.


Cultural heritage has an important role in civilization of a nation.This cultural heritage must be preserved because it has its own identity.Chinese calligraphy is a unique gem of Oriental culture.It is comparable to painting in its ability to express emotion through a rich variety of form and design.This research was conducted with the objective of developing Chinese calligraphy tradition in a new form of documentation which is mini documentary in order to improve the level of understanding and further the public interest to preserve and inherit the tradition of Chinese calligraphy.This is due to the extinction of the traditional heritage in this modernization.A study was conducted to identify the level of understanding of students in University Malaysia Kelantan to traditional Chinese calligraphy.A number of methods is undergone to collect data such as interviews,questionnaires,literature review and research of electrical and electronic sources.The findings have found that most of the students do not know and less interest in this tradition.Thus,this research will discuss about the tradition of Chinese calligraphy and the level of understanding of students from University Malaysia Kelantan about this cultural traditions.Therefore,solutions can be made in sustaining this valuable tradition,particularly among students at the University Malaysia Kelantan.


Abstract In DHT-based P2P systems, the use of DHT and the heterogeneity of node capacities can cause a load imbalance problem, which may affect the DHT system efficiency. Many solutions have been proposed to tackle the load balancing issue. However, the convergence rate is still low, and they reassign loads among nodes without considering security factor. This paper proposes a security-aware load balancing algorithm based on Ant colony optimization, and designs a candidate nodes discovery mechanism and a target nodes selection mechanism. Two types of agents are cooperating to realize these mechanisms: Search ant and Guide ant. Performance evaluation shows that, compared to the classical algorithms, the load balancing effect of the proposed algorithm is insignificant, while the convergence rate and load balancing security are significantly raised; In addition, this paper analysis how system and algorithm parameters affect the performance of proposed algorithm in depth.


The apparatus described in this paper was devised in order to test an extensive series of engineering data for the existence therein of a suspected periodicity. In the first instance, we applied the periodogram method but found that the time needed for adequate examination by this method was prohibitive. Several other devices were tried before we arrived, as a development from a suggestion made by Mr. G. Udny Yule, F. R. S., at the present apparatus, which was found to be not only satisfactory as a method for detecting periodicity but was also useful as an harmonic analyser. The apparatus has the advantage of being simple to construct, and inexpensive. Further, the construction is such that there can be no change of zero during its use, and while the reduction of the observed results to absolute measure requires the employment of corrections, these corrections are mainly based on simple geometry. In its simplest form the process of periodogram analysis consists in averaging some considerable number, say 2 n , of ordinates taken at a constant interval h along the curved to be analysed, and repeating this averaging for successive series of ordinates starting at x = 0, x = h , x = 2 h , x = 3 h , and so on. If h is exactly equal to any period existing in the curve (or to a multiple of it) and there is no other period, the average ordinate y - so obtained will show a periodicity of the same amplitude. As h departs from the period, to a greater or less extent, the amplitude of the curve given by y - falls off. The existence of a number of periods in the curve to be analysed does not alter the general character of the result; in any case y - shows a maximum amplitude when h is equal to a period. The problem of periodogram analysis, from the mechanical standpoint, thus reduces to the problem of adding or averaging a number of ordinates on a given curve.


Polypropylene-window proportional counters have been developed and successfully flown on board a sounding rocket for the soft X-ray measurement. Biaxially-oriented thin polypropylene film is found to have remarkable strength and particular advantage in the transmission of soft X-rays, for this material is composed of only carbon and hydrogen. The four-micron thick film which we used transmits 43% of the fluorescent K X-rays of carbon (0.28 KeV) and 79% of K X-rays of aluminium (1.49 KeV).


10 The shipping industry has been facing great pressure to become more sustainable, emanating from the 11 increasingly stringent environmental regulations, fuel prices volatility and societal needs. As a result, a variety 12 of established technologies have been developed aiming to improve the environmental and economic 13 performance of the modern ship energy systems, however leading to additional challenges for the technology 14 selection during the design process. This study introduces an innovative method that integrates the economic 15 and environmental aspects of sustainability to support decisions on the synthesis of the modern ship energy 16 systems. The method includes a simulation model for predicting the energy systems performance during the ship 17 lifetime. A genetic algorithm, NSGA-II, is employed to solve the multi-objective combinatorial optimisation 18 problem of selecting the integrated ship energy systems configuration. The derived results are visualised to 19 reveal the Pareto front and the trade-offs among the objectives. The method is novel in supporting the synthesis 20 of the integrated ship energy systems, as it includes both environmental and economic objectives, as well as 21 evaluates the performance of the systems over an expected operational profile. The developed method is 22 implemented for the case study of an Aframax oil tanker and the derived results analysis indicates that the ship 23 energy systems sustainability can be improved by adopting LNG fuel and dual fuel engines technology, as well 24 as by introducing other emerging technologies like fuel cells and carbon capture, although the latter are 25 associated with a high cost. It is concluded that the inclusion of both environmental and economic objectives 26 highlights the trade-offs between more environmentally friendly or cost efficient configurations, thus supporting 27 the multi-objective decision-making process. 28 *Revised Manuscript with no changes marked Click here to view linked References


A 41-year-old man was admitted to our emergency room with epigastric pain lasting approximately 2 weeks. Laboratory studies revealed an elevated amylase level (145 IU/L) and an elevated white blood cell count (16 600 /uL). Plain computed tomography (CT) showed localized inflammation around the head of the pancreas. Although no etiologic factors, such as recent history of drinking, gallstone, hypertriglyceridemia, and drug history, were found, he was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Conservative treatment, including aggressive intravenous hydration, promptly resolved the symptom, but severe epigastric pain accompanied by serum amylase elevation relapsed immediately after oral intake resumed. Contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) revealed localized inflammation at the pancreas head and a large number of small vessels comprising an abnormal vascular network around the inflamed area with early contrast filling of the portal vein during the arterial phase, a typical feature of pancreatic arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) (Fig. 1). When he had a third recurrence of epigastric pain with elevated amylase levels on day 20, he vomited small amounts of blood. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed oozing from the pancreatic duct of the major duodenal papilla (Fig. 2a). Angiography showed almost the same findings as CECT and confirmed the diagnosis of PAVM. A pancreatoduodenectomy was performed on day 65 of his hospital stay. Histologically, perforation of the vessels of PAVM into the pancreatic duct was observed, suggesting bleeding from the vessels of PAVM into the pancreatic duct (Fig. 2b). The postoperative course was good, and he was discharged on day 100. Since the first report of PAVM in 1968, approximately 90 cases have been reported. PAVM is usually classified as congenital or acquired. The congenital type includes congenital anomalies arising from a remnant of the rudimentary plexus of primordial blood vessels and is complicated by hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, also known as Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome. The acquired type occurs secondarily to inflammation, trauma, or tumor. Our case was thought to be a congenital anomaly because findings suggestive of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and acquired factors were absent. PAVM shows various clinical presentations, including gastrointestinal bleeding mainly due to the portal hypertension state, abdominal pain, and jaundice, while some cases progress asymptomatically. Pancreatitis due to PAVM is very rare, with only nine previously reported cases. The mechanism of pancreatitis caused by PAVM is considered to be bleeding from the vessels of the AVM into the pancreatic duct that stimulates the pancreas or ischemia of the pancreas tissue around the PAVM. In our case, pooling of blood in the pancreatic duct was confirmed by both endoscopic and histological examinations. Treatment of symptomatic PAVM usually requires a radical approach, and surgical resection is the most effective approach, although it is highly invasive. Transarterial embolization is an alternative method, but it can be difficult to perform successfully because PAVM usually has multiple feeding arteries, which makes it difficult to attain effective embolization. These findings emphasize that although PAVM is a rare disease, it should be considered one of the causative factors for acute pancreatitis that sometimes require radical surgery.


Abstract— Nitrogen and noble gas isotopic compositions and C abundance of ureilites were analyzed using a stepwise combustion technique. Four Antarctic ureilites, ALHA77257, Asuka 881931, Yamato 791538 and Yamato 790981 were analyzed. Multiple N isotopic components were observed in these ureilites. The δ15N values of these N components ranged from +160 to −120%. The minimum δ15N values of typically −120% were observed at combustion temperatures at 700–900 °C where large amounts of C were released. A heavy N component was observed in only two ureilites, ALHA77257 and Asuka 881931. Silicate‐enriched fractions and C‐concentrated fractions were prepared for these two ureilites. We conclude that both the light N and the heavy N are trapped in the carbonaceous vein minerals. The lack of correction between the N/C ratio and the 36Ar/C ratio suggests that the primary carrier phase of the light N does not correspond to that of the planetary noble gases. We consider that the isotopically heavy N, which was observed in this study, is related to the heavy N observed among polymict ureilites. Small amounts (<0.5 ppm) of light N with the minimum δ15N value of −120% were observed among the silicate fractions at the highest combustion temperature of 1200 °C, although the exact carrier phase of this light N is not known. We consider that the currently observed ureilites were produced by injection of several volatile‐rich objects into volatile‐poor ureilitic silicates.


The seasonal cycles of respiration of net zooplankton and microplankton were determined for euphotic zones of Lake Washington and Findley Lake. In Lake Washington net zooplankton respiration rates estimated from ETS activity ranged from 22.4 to 1194 mg O.m/sup -2/.d/sup -1/ with the maximum occurring during the spring bloom. Net zooplankton respiration rates in Findley Lake ranged from 27 mg O.m/sup -2/.d/sup -1/ under ice cover to a maximum of 205 mg O.m/sup -2/.d/sup -1/, which occurred well after the bloom. Respiration rates estimated from ETS activity agreed well with those estimated from zooplankton species abundance. Zooplankton community respiration never exceeded 60% of primary production in Lake Washington; however, in Findley Lake zooplankton community respiration rates exceeded primary production during the latter part of the ice-free growing season. Phosphorus regeneration rates calculated from zooplankton respiration appeared sufficient to supply most of the phytoplankton phosphorus requirements during summer stratification in Lake Washington.


Objective:To study the effect of direct contact with vascular smooth muscle cells on transdifferentiation and ultrastructure of mesenchymal stem cells(MSC). Methods:Rat MSC and vascular smooth muscle cells were cultured and identified,respectively.MSC were labeled with DAPI firstly,and then co-cultivated with vascular smooth muscle cells for 5 days.MSC were cultured alone as a control.The changes of morphology and ultrastructure of co-cultured cells were observed.Immunfluorescence analysis was performed by using monoclonal antibodies against smooth muscle a-actin、calponin and CD31.Results:The MSC cocultured with vascular smooth muscle cells expressed smooth muscle a-actin,calponin and CD31at the fifth day of cultivation,no cells positive for calponin and CD31were detected in the control group;and a lot of filaments were observed in the co-cultured MSC by electron microscopy. Conclusion:Cell-to-cell contact can induce rat MSC to differentiate into vascular smooth muscle-like cells and endotheliocyte-like cells.


Edge emitting laser diodes are well known and used in a vast portfolio of applications. High power pulsed edge-emitting laser diodes in the 905 nm regime have proven to be robust and reliable under operating conditions that require low repetition rates and pulse widths longer than several tens of nanoseconds. Automotive LiDAR requires other typical operating conditions: high repetition rates and short pulse widths at or below 5 ns. Therefore, a suitable reliability model that take into account these unique operating conditions is required. This work will present a universal reliability model focusing on the impact of short pulse widths on the lifetime reliability of GaAs-based high power edge emitting lasers. In order to set an empirical model, a dedicated experimental setup was conducted in-house. Pulse widths as short as 1.5 ns were used in combination with 100 kHz frequency in order to carry out accelerated tests. Proper life tests of more than 1000 hours were conducted in order to gain an insight on the impact of the pulse width on the overall reliability. Influence of the pulse width from 1.5 ns to 200 ns on the mean time to failure of typical lasers will be detailed herein. One of the main validated predictions of the new lifetime model is that use of long pulse widths allows high acceleration factors for a constant duty cycle without damaging the optical cavities for the automotive LiDAR market.


Porcine reproductive and respiratory syn- drome (PRRS) is characterized by reproductive failures in sows and respiratory diseases in pigs of all ages. PRRS virus (PRRSV) is its causative agent and has caused huge economic losses in the swine industry. Porcine sialoadhe- sin (pSn) is a putative receptor of PRRSV. Previous studies have shown that a pSn V-set Ig-like domain is significant in PRRSVinfection. However, its structural details are not fully known, hindering our deep understanding of PRRSV infection. In this study, we successfully cloned, expressed and purified the pSn V-set Ig-like domain in Drosophila S2 cells. Then we tried to crystallize the target protein and predicted its structure. This will establish the foundation for the further structural study of pSn, deepen our understanding of the invasion mechanism of PRRSV, and support the structural information for the development of clinical drugs and vaccines against PRRSV.


The invention relates to Turkish coffee, which is a well known and traditional drink in the food sector. The present invention particularly relates to the method of obtaining ready-made Turkish coffee without using traditional preparing method and by only adding hot water in homes, offices, cafes, restaurants, hotels, and air-sea-land journeys, and relates to the Turkish coffee product obtained by using this method.


This text discussed the characteristics of network teaching the system and its design method according to the experiences of the network teaching,and analyzed system function and application. The existing protlems among system application and solution methods were proposed.


Books, journals, databases related to the program including hematology, microbiology, parasitology, pathology and urinalysis. Journals and articles in the database


In this paper we construct a pullback formula of a Siegel Eisenstein series on GU(3, 3) to GSp(4) × GL(2) and use it to study the Bloch-Kato conjecture for automorphic forms on GL(2). Let f ∈ S2k−2(SL2(Z)) be a normalized eigenform and let p > 2k− 2 be a prime so that p | Lalg(k, f). Then up to some reasonable hypotheses, we use this formula to construct a congruence between the Saito-Kurokawa lift Ff of f and a Siegel eigenform G that does not lie in the space of Maass spezialchars. We use this congruence to give evidence for a conjecture of Katsurada's characterizing the congruence primes of Saito-Kurokawa lifts. We then use this congruence to study the 4-dimensional Galois representation attached to G. This allows us to construct a non-trivial p-torsion element in the Shafarevich-Tate group of the k-twist of the residual p-adic Galois representation associated to f . We conclude by showing how this provides evidence for the Bloch-Kato conjecture in this setting.


Optical coherence tomography (OCT) uses low-coherence reflectometry to obtain cross-sectional images of inhomogeneous media, such as biological tissue. OCT is particularly useful in the biomedical ea, since the imaging can be performed non-invasively, and in a relatively short time. As such, OCT is not only used in research, but has proven to be effective in clinical practice, with the fields of its application continuing to grow. In OCT, essentially, the reflectance of each cross-section along the depth direction is obtained with high spatial resolution ($\bm {\sim10\,\mu}$m), revealing the structure of the sample. We have developed a system that combines OCT with thermal fluctuation measurements, which extracts physical properties, such as the viscoelastic characteristics, of each cross-section in the depth direction. We demonstrate the efficacy of this system using various samples. Furthermore, the noise is reduced to below shot-noise levels using averaged correlations, making it possible to extract spectral information otherwise unobtainable. The measurement system can in principle lead to tissue characterization and pathological diagnosis.


A study was undertaken to characterize the benchmark soil series developed on Basalt (Raichur series) and Limestone (Kagalgomb series) parent materials in Hyderabad-Karnataka region. In Raichur series, the colour varied from dark grey (10YR 4/1) to very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2) and in Kagalgomb series, very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2) colour was observed. In Raichur series and Kagalgomb series, texture was clay, bulk density varied from 1.25 to 1.35 Mg m -3 and from 1.20 to 1.32 Mg m, respectively. Water holding capacity of Raichur series ranged from 51.57 to 55.43 per cent whereas in Kagalgomb series it ranged from 49.57 to 55.46 per cent. The pH showed that moderately alkaline (7.88.4) in Raichur series and strongly alkaline (8.7 to 9.2) in Kagalgomb series. Organic carbon content in Raichur series ranged from 0.14 to 0.44 per cent and in Kagalgomb series ranged from 0.26 to 0.93 per cent. Available nitrogen (N) was low (167 to 189 kg ha) in Raichur series and low to medium (246 to 448 kg ha) in Kagalgomb series. Available phosphorus (P2O5) was low to high i.e. 8.90 to 81.75 kg ha in Raichur series and 20.13 to 80.53 kg ha in Kagalgomb series; the available potassium (K2O) content ranged from 450 to 485 kg ha in Raichur series and 395 to 671 kg ha in Kagalgomb series. The DTPA extractable Fe, Cu and Mn were sufficient and Zn was deficient in both the Benchmark soil series.


A fundamental study of a forward laser accelerated plasma thruster was conducted. In order to evaluate thrust performances of the thruster, a time‐of‐flight measurement was conducted for an Al‐foil target irradiated with an Nd:YAG laser of 1J/pulse with pulse‐width of 10nsec. From the measurement, the average plasma speed was about 53 km/sec. Time‐gated imaging of the plasma with an ICCD camera was also conducted. From the observation, rapid plasmas were observed on both sides of the target. Each image from the ICCD camera was processed by an image processing software into an emission intensity distribution of the plasma at every 10nsec. Axial velocity of the plasma was estimated from the temporal evolution of the plasma edge. The average and maximum plasma expansion velocities in a forward direction were estimated about 40 km/s and 160 km/sec, respectively.


ZnO nanotetrapods with hexagonal crown were synthesized on a silicon wafer by vapor transport process at a low temperature of 630°C and normal pressure without the presence of catalysts. The results demonstrated that the as-synthesized products with slender legs and regular hexagonal crown are single crystal with wurtzite structure and preferentially grow up along (001) direction. Photoluminescence spectra revealed that the green emission originated from oxygen vacancies overwhelmed that of the near-band-edge ultraviolet peak, which suggests the peculiar-shaped nanotetrapods may have potential applications in multichannel nano-optoelectronic devices.


ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between labour market flexibility and efficiency and social protection expenditures. Building on the theories of government expenditures and the empirical literature on the determinants of social protection, the article examines empirically the relationship between flexible labour market and social protection expenditures. The empirical model explains social protection mainly in terms of the demand and supply of social protection, modernization theory and political institutions, namely democracy. Labour market flexibility and efficiency indicators include hiring and firing policies, labour-employer cooperation, wage determination flexibility, redundancy costs, linking pay to productivity, reliance on professional management, and the ratio of women in the labour force. We use a sample of 44 developed and emerging economies for the period 2007–2014 and adopt instrumental variables and two-step generalized method of moments estimation methodologies to account for endogeneity. Estimates show that linking pay to productivity, wage flexibility, and redundancy costs reduce social protection expenditures, while the ease of hiring and firing increases them. The article draws attention to the positive impact that flexible and efficient labour markets and organization-level human-resource policies have on reducing social protection expenditures and increasing fiscal space.


With a contribution of 4.3% to agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) behind cashew (7.4%) and cotton (25%), pineapple has become the third export crop in Benin. However, its yields are still below the potential. Sub-optimal potassium/nitrogen (K/N) ratio in fertilizer use is leading to low fruit quality and limited market outreach. Therefore, an experimental research project was implemented to determine an optimal fertilizer usepractice. This paper compares the profitability of the best experimental fertilizer use practice with that of farmers' practices using relevant  indicators. Experimental and socioeconomic data were collected from 89 randomly selected pineapple growers among 5381 growers in Ze district. The findings revealed that fertilizer use had a positive marginal effect on pineapple production with both practices. Most importantly, the experimental practice was 2-3 times more profitable than farmers' fertilizer use practice and could be recommended. The rate of pineapple's response to fertilizer almost doubled from 13.42 kg fruit/kg fertilizer with farmers' practices to 23.07 kg fruit/kg fertilizer with the experimental practice. While the profit rate of pineapple production was almost the same (86%) without fertilizer use in both practices, it rather increased more than 2-fold with the experimental practice, reaching 290% against 121% with farmers' practices. Fertilizer use therefore enabled pineapple  production profitability to increase from 39% with farmers' practices to 238% with the experimental practice. This practice doubled the marginal effect of fertilizer use and doubled the classic value/cost ratio. However, farmers cannot yet harvest the promised gold as only 1% among them presently apply that high-dose best practice. Labour availability and costs for fractioning the optimum dose over the crop's growing cycle remains a challenge. Further, pineapple's high perishability is another challenge which calls for building strong value chains to enable growers readily direct their harvests to more rewarding markets. Further research is still needed to factor those constraints' alleviation into determining the "real" or affordably relevant optimal doses of fertilizer on pineapple in poor farming settings as the Ze district of Benin. Growers' perceptions on innovative practices and their own financing strategies will be critical to foster the adoption of improved fertilizer use technologies and boost agricultural productivity in Benin. In the meantime, access to credit and offfarm activities are likely to enable a larger adoption of the optimal dose.
Key words: fertilizer use, pineapple production practices, adoption, marginal profit, value-cost ratio, poverty reduction


Objective To explore physical mental needs and social supports for patients with gastric cancer complicated with diabetes during perioperative period. Methods The situations of physical mental needs and social support of 80 inpatients with gastric cancer complicated with diabetes were investigated by using anonymous questionnaires method,and were given statistics analysis in older than and not younger than 55-year-old groups. Results The perioperative needs of the 80 patients from strong to weak were information need,comfort need,mental need and emotional need.The total score of social support and three dimension scores of patients who were at the age or older than 55-year old were higher than those of patients who were younger than 55-year old( P 0. 05,P 0. 01). Conclusion Physical mental needs of patients with gastric cancer combined with diabetes during perioperative period should be met,and social supports should be given especially to elders in order to improve the patient's quality of life.


Two-third of all OECD countries implemented a bonus system to reward their employees. This study identifies the two main arguments of the proponents of these bonus systems. First, bonuses would motivate public servants and second, new talented staff would be attracted to the public service. By means of Political Discourse Evaluation, this paper shows that whether these arguments are convincing, is determined by on one's expectations of a public servant. If one supposes that public servants should be motivated by some intrinsic urge to make the world a better place instead of by monetary rewards, the argument becomes less acceptable. Furthermore, this analysis shows that the acceptability of the arguments depends on the doubtful assumptions that humans act fully rationally and suitable targets for public servants can be set.


Violent incident detection is a new task in recent years. Violent content on social networking platforms harms people's psychology but also helps people track and prevent incidents that are happening in time. The DAVINCIS@IberLEF 2022 shared task is a natural language problem that aims to detect violent incidents on Spanish tweets. In this task, we participated in subtask 2, namely, violent event category recognition via multi-class multi-label classification. We built a framework based on prompt learning and AsyLoss to solve the problem of data imbalance in the dataset. In order to enhance the performance of classification, we built an extra feature extraction module to enhance the feature extraction capability of the framework, and then we fused those different features in the multi-label classification module In the final phase of subtask 2, our approach achieves the best results.