Dear Friends of QualityTime-ESL, This is to let you know that we are now offering written exercises for our listening comprehension recordings. There are four recordings that you can find on the page Listening Comprehension and download directly to your computer. They all come with both continuous readings and listen and repeat readings. Normally, you should begin with No. 1 Honesty and then do No. 2 When the Iceberg Arrives, No. 3 The End of the World is Near, and finally No. 4 The (...)


SUMMARY The current status of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) is presented as well as expected improvements and enhancements of its future realization. The use of GPS permanent stations is discussed, through IGS and EUREF activities, with an emphasis of their use for ITRF densification as well as geophysical applications. IAG efforts for regional GPS permanent networks development are outlined, aiming at unifying and modernizing the national geodetic systems and their compatibility with the global ITRF. The present situation and objectives of the AFREF project with its sub-regional activities (NAFREF, SAFREF, etc.) are addressed, with some future goals and guidelines towards progress for its implementation.


The AnswerOnWeb is intelligent question-answering system which network-oriented special field knowledge. On this Paper two technology of knowledge mining and knowledge annotator are used. The former is used in mining the answer which is hidden in semi-structure documents returned by internet search engine. The latter is used in trying to locate the answer in the some knowledge documents of special website or network service. The experiments proved that this system can not only get higher answer precision but also better question recall when is applied in the special field knowledge on net.


An argon–argon interatomic potential energy curve was derived from quantum-mechanical ab initio calculations using basis sets of up to d-aug-cc-pV(6+d)Z quality supplemented with bond functions and ab initio methods up to CCSDT(Q). In addition, corrections for relativistic effects were determined. An analytical potential function was fitted to the ab initio values and utilised to compute the rovibrational spectrum. The quality of the interatomic potential function was tested by comparison of the calculated spectrum with experimental ones and those derived from other potentials of the literature. In a following paper the new interatomic potential is used to determine selected thermophysical properties of argon by means of quantum-statistical mechanics and the corresponding kinetic theory considering two-body and three-body interactions.


The impact of a major life transition on identity change is examined in this longitudinal study. Drawing on a framework provided by symbolic interactionism and identity theory (Stryker, 1968, 1987), we examined global self-esteem, interactional commitment and the identity hierarchies of a group of students while they were in secondary school and, again one year later, when they had made the transition to further or higher education. Overall, the data suggested considerable stability across all identities. Analysis examining the relationships among interactional commitment, self-esteem and psychological centrality provided some support for the theoretical framework but also highlighted differences across identities. The implications for future models of long-term identity change are discussed.


Multiple Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is the hot technology today, and to solve the loop problem is one of the key technologies in MPLS. This article introduces several current schemes of solving loop problem, and discusses diffusion algorithm and color thread mechanism in detail.


Abstract : This paper is one of a series commissioned by the Department of the Undersecretary of Defense, Science and Technology (DUSD) (S&T) that characterizes the status of measurement associated with a particular aspect of software engineering. The specific focus of this paper is measures for software product lines.


The geology of the epicentral area of the 1980 earthquake (Irpinia-Lucania, Italy) is described with new stratigraphic, petrographic and structural data. Subsurface geological data have been collected during the studies for the excavation works of the Pavoncelli bis hydraulic tunnel, developing between Caposele and Conza della Campania in an area that was highly damaged during 1980 earthquake. Our approach includes geological, stratigraphic, structural studies, and petrological analyses of rock samples collected along the tunnel profile and in outcropping sections. Stratigraphic studies and detailed geological and structural mapping were carried out in about 200 km2 wide area. The main units cropping out have been studied and correlated in order to document the effects of tectonic changes during the orogenic evolution on the foreland basin systems and the sandstone detrital modes in this sector of the southern Apennines. The multi-disciplinary and updated datasets have allowed getting new insights on the tectono-stratigraphic evolution and stratigraphic architecture of the southern Apennines foreland basin system and on the structural and stratigraphic relations of Apennines tectonic units and timing of their kinematic evolution. They also allowed to better understand the relationships between internal and external basin units within the Apennine thrust belt and its tectonic evolution.


Proceedings of a Conference on Medical Response to Effects of Ionizing Radiation held at Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre, London, UK, 28-30 June 1989.


Objective To study the related influencing factors involving in vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) and changing characteristics of hemodynamics of VBD. Methods Outpatients and inpatients with posterior circulation ischemia (PCI) underwent brain MRA from June 2008 to September 2009 were chosen; 116 patients met the standard of VBD were selected as VBD group and other 130 patients without VBD were as control group. The univariate analysis and multiple factor analysis were applied to study the correlation of hypertension,smoking,diabetes,low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and intracranial vascular variation with VBD.Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were applied to observe the hemodynamic changes and arteriosclerosis of these patients.Results Univariate analysis indicated that statistical significance on intracranial vascular variation,hypertension and smoking was noted between the VBD group and the control group (x2=13.530,P=0.000; x2=8.539,P=0.003; x2=3.959,P=0.047),while no statistical significance in diabetes and LDL was obtained between the 2 groups (x2=0.451,P=0.519; x2=0.220,P=0.881).Multiple factors analysis showed that VBD could be obviously related to intracranial vascular variation (OR=21.732, 95%CI:3.02-5.94),hypertension (OR=5.173,95%CI:1.23-3.05) and smoking (OR=3.145,95%CI:1.86-4.85).According to TCD,peak velocity (Vp),mean velocity (Vm) in the VBD group were significantly lower than those in the control group,but pulsatility index (PI) and resistant index (RI) in the VBD group were statistically higher (P<0.05).DSA showed that the blood flow length of the VBD group was obviously shorter than that of the control group in the same time with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Vascular variation,smoking and hypertension are related to VBD; and VBD leads to slow blood flow and aggravated arteriosclerosis,which may result in high incidence of stroke.

Key words:
Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia;  Posterior circulation ischemia;  Influencing factor;  Hemodynamics


Objective To explore the antibacterial properties of fluorinated porcine hydroxyapatite in vitro.Methods Streptococcus mutans were co-cultured with fluorinated porcine hydroxyapatite with concentrations of 0 mol/L,0.5 mol/L and 1.0 mol/L respectively.The antibacterial properties of fluorinated porcine hydroxyapatite towards Streptococcus mutans were determined by measuring the bacteriostatic diameter as well as counting the colony forming units(CFU) permilli litet.Results The average inhibition zone diameter of 0 mol/L,0.5 mol/L and 1.0 mol/L fluorinated porcine hydroxyapatite group were(8.0 ±0.0) mm,(15.93 ±0.15) mm and(24.07 ±0.15) mm,respectively.And the average number of CFU were(153.33 ± 10.02) ×10~7 CFU/mL,(71.00 ±6.56) ×10~7 CFU/mL and(45.00 ±4.00)×10 CFU/mL,respectively(n=3,P0.05).Counts of bacterial colonies of three groups sequentially reduced,and the difference was statistically significant(F=180.667,P0.001).Conclusion In conclusion,fluorinated porcine hydroxyapatite can effectively inhibited the migration and proliferation of Streptococcus mutans in vitro.


Parametric Time-Frequency Analysis(PTFA) is a very important method in non-stationary signal processing.In this paper,the headspring,principle and fast algorithms are summarized.The problems of current PTFA are pointed out.The methods which will improve the suitability and reduce computation burden are introduced.In the end,some valuable research aspects are given.


This study was aimed at developing an effective method and a system for on-line health monitoring of pipes in nuclear power plants by using ultrasonic guided waves. For this purpose we developed a multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave system for a long-range inspection of pipes and a few techniques which can effectively find defects in pipes. To validate the developed system we performed a series of experiments and analyzed the results.


The Avala telecommunication tower was destroyed during the NATO bombing in 1999. The construction of the new tower at the same place started in 2007. The new tower consists of reinforced concrete part, with a total height of 142 m, and the antenna part with the height of 70 m. The body shape of the construction is a triangular prism with the equilateral triangle base with sides of 7 m. Civil engineering experts defined structure tolerance of 10 mm in the horizontal plane and 2 mm in the vertical plane. The design was produced pursuant to the principles of surveying profession and the conditions set. The paper describes the complexity of designing the control networks for high-rise buildings. The main tasks presented in this article are as follows: choosing the position of the control network points, defining the measuring plan, the network datum and the precision of measurements, calculation of the network quality criteria, and technical conditions for the realization of measurement.


We consider a type of quantum electromechanical system, known as the shuttle system, first proposed by Gorelik [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4526 (1998)]. We use a quantum master equation treatment and compare the semiclassical solution to a full quantum simulation to reveal the dynamics, followed by a discussion of the current noise of the system. The transition between tunneling and shuttling regime can be measured directly in the spectrum of the noise. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.


Abstract : The availability of suitable planktonic food has been cited as one of the principal factors influencing the development and ultimate survival of the larvae of several important stocks of marine fish. Although it is difficult to follow the effect of food supply on natural populations of fish larvae, Shelbourne (1957), by comparing two plankton patches in the North Sea, showed that the intensity of feeding and the physical condition of plaice larvae were related to the abundance of food. An attempt was therefore made to follow up, and develop, this approach for herring larvae in the comparatively enclosed waters of the Clyde Sea Area. Investigations on the feeding of the larvae and their food supply are described. (Author)


A population survey of anomalures in the Foret des Abeilles, Central Gabon, was undertaken by exploring hollow trees over 75 ha. Three species were identified: Anomalurus derbianus, A. pusillus, and Idiurus macrotis. Population estimates indicate that a total of about 500 anomalures could be present per km(2). The three species shelter in hollow trees during the day and have a strictly nocturnal activity. Den selection depends mainly on the size and configuration of the cavity; neither tree species nor tree diameter are important. Data on home ranges and nightly movements were obtained by the radio-tracking of two A. derbianus and one I. macrotis. In dens, A. derbianus (about 700 g body weight) were mostly found either alone or in pairs of one female and a young. During the nocturnal activity period, two to three individuals (always including a young) were seen together on several occasions. Communal nesting occurred in I. macrotis (about 30 g body weight) with groups ranging from two to 40 individuals. By contrast, they were always observed alone during the night activity period. Few feeding data were recorded: all involved the consumption of phloem sap after scratching the bark of a small number of tree species. Great quantities of leaves and insects (ants and termites) were found in a stomach of A. derbianus. Comparisons with results obtained from long term studies on gliders in Australasia highlight several convergence points between African flying squirrels and flying phalangers (Phalangeridae), in particular when comparing species with similar body weights. Our data confirm that anomalures occupy the niche of gliders on the African continent.


With regard to the culture in cities this study aims to essential understanding and systematic approach to the culture. The 「2011 Seoul Survey」report has been used to find out causality among the related variables. In the first place "satisfaction of cultural condition" was operationally selected as a dependent variable for regression. For the purpose of controlling confounding factors for ceteris paribus effect correlation analysis was done between the dependent variable and all other variables respectively, which resulted in two groups of variables: group (1) - 6 variables of very significant correlations(p-value 2  increment, statistical significance of independent variables, and multicollinearity(VIF; variance inflation factor). At last a regression model specified by group (1) as independent variables(they are "social trust", "satisfaction of walking condition", "happiness index", "preparation against old age", "satisfaction of traffic condition" and "hours for internet") shows that only "social trust" variable has statistically significant and substantially strong effect on "satisfaction of cultural condition." This finding should be accepted on the following understanding; ① urban culture has a collective attribute formed between people and society, ② culture is somewhat telling and hearing stories and the confidence between tellers and hearers is essential in the mutual response and ③ stimulus is received by relationship in company with sense, emotion, thinking and action. In spite of restrictive external validity this finding can be used as a direction for promoting culture and a basis for related policy choice in cities.


Exposure to organic dusts elicits airway inflammatory diseases. Vitamin D recently has been associated with various airway inflammatory diseases, but its role in agricultural organic dust exposures is unknown. This study investigated whether vitamin D reduces organic dust–induced inflammatory outcomes in cell culture and animal models. Organic dust extracts obtained from swine confinement facilities induced neutrophil chemokine production (human IL‐8, murine CXCL1/CXCL2). Neutrophil chemokine induction was reduced in human blood monocytes, human bronchial epithelial cells, and murine lung slices pretreated with 1,25‐(OH)2D3. Intranasal inhalation of organic dust extract induced neutrophil influx, and CXCL1/CXCL2 release was also decreased in mice fed a relatively high vitamin D diet as compared to mice fed a low vitamin D diet. These findings were associated with reduced tracheal epithelial cell PKCα and PKCε activity and whole lung TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression. Collectively, vitamin D plays a role in modulating organic dust–induced airway inflammatory outcomes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:77‐86, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21467


In this article the spatial structure of migration is studied [for] Belgian municipalities....The connection between...geographic [factors] and...age specific migration balances reveals itself clearly from the positive balance for the age group 20-24 years in the cities; from the debit balance for the group 25-39 years in the weaker economic regions and the city centres and the positive balance for the suburban regions; and finally from the positive balance for the age group older than 55 for the coastal [and resort] regions.... Data concern the period 1988-1990. (SUMMARY IN ENG) (EXCERPT)


We consider the partial theta function $\theta (q,x):=\sum _{j=0}^{\infty}q^{j(j+1)/2}x^j$, where $q\in (-1,0)\cup (0,1)$ and either $x\in \mathbb{R}$ or $x\in \mathbb{C}$. We prove that for $x\in \mathbb{R}$, in each of the two cases $q\in (-1,0)$ and $q\in (0,1)$, its zero set consists of countably-many smooth curves in the $(q,x)$-plane each of which (with the exception of one curve for $q\in (-1,0)$) has a single point with a tangent line parallel to the $x$-axis. These points define double zeros of the function $\theta (q,.)$; their $x$-coordinates belong to the interval $[-38.83\ldots ,-e^{1.4}=4.05\ldots )$ for $q\in (0,1)$ and to the interval $(-13.29,23.65)$ for $q\in (-1,0)$. For $q\in (0,1)$, infinitely-many of the complex conjugate pairs of zeros to which the double zeros give rise cross the imaginary axis and then remain in the half-disk $\{ |x| 0\}$. For $q\in (-1,0)$, complex conjugate pairs do not cross the imaginary axis.


visiting the studio to observe how the artist worked. I think that we shall never again see such a passionate art critic as he. On 4 June, over 500 of his friends, artists as well as others outside of the field of art, came together for his funeral, held at the church of Saint-Germain-des-Prés. It was a sad coincidence for me that I had witnessed his last moments during my short trip to Europe. Now that he is gone, I can see precisely how much I learned from him of the precious truth of life.


Objective To evaluate the relationship between early recurrences and long-term success in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) after electrical isolation of myocardial sleeves, and the mechanism of the delayed effects for early recurrences of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after pulmonary vein ablation. Methods Guided by circular mapping catheter, 131 paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients underwent the electrical isolation of muscle sleeves around the circumference of the targeted veins at the ostia until the achievement of electrical disconnection between the atria and veins. Results One hundred and four patients were followed up 112±37 days after ablation, of whom 59 (56.7%) were in sinus rhythm and PAF free, whereas 7 experienced remarkable reduction of PAF episodes. However, after the mean 380±226 days of follow-up, 81 cases (78%) were in sinus rhythm and PAF free, whereas 4 experienced remarkable reduction of PAF episodes. Conclusion Early recurrence of PAF did not mean the failure of the ablation of AF. Some patients may experience delayed success after a long-term follow-up.


At the end of the Second World War and at the beginning of the post war period, there was an evolvement of USA policy on Germany from dissembling of Germany to occupation of its districts. During the process the multilateralism persisted in by the State Department in its diplomatic thoughts won the final victory during the fighting against the president, the army and the Department of Treasury. Multilateralism produced significant influence in the formulation of USA policy on Germany.


The invention relates to an apparatus and method for alarming surface damage to vehicles (1), in particular against paint damage. With at least one environmental sensor is the environment, particularly the flora and / or fauna, detected at a potential target site and / or in the vicinity of the vehicle (1). An evaluation device is provided in order to assess the risk on the basis of the environmental data, whether the surface of the vehicle (1), particularly the paint, damage caused by the environment of the potential target site and / or in the vicinity of the vehicle (1) increases.


We analyse the strong approximation of the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) process in the regime where the process does not hit zero by a positivity preserving drift-implicit Euler-type method. As an error criterion, we use the pth mean of the maximum distance between the CIR process and its approximation on a finite time interval. We show that under mild assumptions on the parameters of the CIR process, the proposed method attains, up to a logarithmic term, the convergence of order 1/2. This agrees with the standard rate of the strong convergence for global approximations of stochastic differential equations with Lipschitz coefficients, despite the fact that the CIR process has a non-Lipschitz diffusion coefficient.


The article presents the test results of a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine operating with jetbiodiesel fuel (J5) blend and its various blends J5Bu5, J5Bu10 and J5Bu15 with n-butanol (Bu). The three biofuel blends were prepared by mixing 95vol% J5/5vol% Bu, 90vol% J5/10% Bu and 85vol% J5/15vol% Bu, respectively. Load characteristics were taken at the engine speed of n = 2000 rpm, which corresponds to maximum torque mode. The air mass and fuel mass consumption along with CO, CO2, NO, NO2, NOX emissions and smoke of the exhaust were measured at engine load gradually increased up to maximum. Engine performance parameters and emissions of the exhaust were analysed and compared for various engine loads and fuel blends used in these experiments. Analysis of the obtained data shows that the engine operated most efficiently with a minimum brake specific fuel consumption, when running with the fuel J5 blend, at over the whole load range. Whereas at low engine mode, the highest fuel consumption was measured for biofuel J5Bu15 blend. The lowest emission of carbon oxide (CO) was measured, when operating with the highest concentration biofuel J5Bu15 blend, at full engine load. Maximum NOx emissions (1817 ppm) were measured for the maximum engine torque mode, when running with fuel J5 blend. The amount of NOx produced from combustion of blend J5Bu15 was 10.6% lower than that measured, when running at the same test conditions with fuel J5 blend. Minimum smoke opacity was also obtained, when fuelling it with fuel blend J5Bu15 at maximum engine torque mode.


After has experienced the early prosperity and the development,our country's crime reason research progresses continuously slowly,at present nearly already fell into the difficult position.It include five aspects,they are:the concept category of the crime reason theory is unclear;the real diagnosis research technique is extremely deficient;the rationale is weak;the doctrine of the mean thought is in vogue;the functionality sense of purpose is not clear about and so on.How breaks through the difficult position,make clear the scientific crime reason,is a important topic that is suspended in front of our country criminology researcher.This needs to take the real diagnosis research technique,the rejection doctrine of the mean thought affects not good,restores the crime reason research the scientific moral character,constructe crime reason research and crime control bridge.


What kind of object is 'left behind' when part of an established paradigmatic distribution pattern splits away as a positively identifiable morphome? Drawing on comparative data from modern Occitan, French and Catalan, this study explores the wide range of paradigmatic distributions involving imperfect indicative forms (the 'remnants' of the erstwhile Latin infectum distribution, following the differentiation of the N- and L-pattern cells). While robust relationships are found to exist amongst imperfect indicative forms, there is little consistency in relationships between imperfect indicative forms and other paradigm cells, including other infectum reflexes. Furthermore, there is scant evidence for the modern distributions acting as productive templates for analogy. The study identifies distinctive lexical type frequency as a salient factor underlying observed contrasts in behaviour between individual distributions of inflectional exponents; and offers a means of reconciling the theoretical claim that all paradigmatic distributions are morphomic with the empirical observation that not all paradigmatic distributions are equally productive or resilient.


In India, the rural women play a significant role in agriculture and other agro based activities. On an average, women work for about 8-9 hours/day in agricultural operations like transplanting, weeding, harvesting, threshing and storage etc. with the use of traditional types of equipment and an average of 4 hours in household activities. During this activity their body gets tired and their efficiency reduces. Verma et al., (2013) and Gite and Singh (1997) found that during the farm activities women adopt an unnatural body posture due to which their physiological workload increases and also they face many types of muscular-skeletal problems, as a result, the efficiency of women to work decreases to a greater extent. Traditional method of transplantation takes longer. Women generally adopt squatting and bending posture while doing the activity and maintain International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 07 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


A hybrid model/learning-based dynamic equation has been developed for robots in order to take advantage of the attractive features of both techniques. The regular dynamic equation is used to model the ideal behavior, while wavelets are used to learn the joint friction. The friction may be coupled, such that it is a function of the velocity of multiple joints. Furthermore, a system identification method has been designed to improve contact force estimation, using manual hand excitation in addition to motor excitation. The hybrid dynamic equation was implemented for the PHANTOM Omni haptic device (SensAble Technologies, MA, USA), and experiments were performed to compare using manual excitation with using motor excitation only. The results showed that manual excitation improved contact force estimation performance, with improvements in the relative RMS values ranging from 21% to 35%.


We consider the interaction between the Earth gravitational field and a superconductor in the fluctuation regime. Exploiting the weak field expansion formalism and using time dependent Ginzburg-Landau formulation, we show a possible short-time alteration of the gravitational field in the vicinity of the superconductor.


Efficient charge separation can promote photocatalysis of semiconductors. Herein, a hollowed TiO2 sphere decorated with spatially separated bi-functional cocatalysts was designed, which exhibited enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Ultrasmall sized MOx (M = Pd, Co, Ni or Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) were first introduced into zeolite via confinement synthesis, and then hollow TiO2 was fabricated by using zeolite as a sacrificial template forming MOx@TiO2. Finally, Pt NPs were decorated at the outer shell, giving rise to MOx@TiO2@Pt, in which the MOx NPs and Pt NPs acted as holes captures and electrons sinks, respectively. Thanks to the enhanced light harvesting of the hollow structure, improved charge separation induced by the smaller sized cocatalysts as well as spatially separated bi-functional cocatalysts, the as-prepared PdOx@TiO2@Pt catalyst exhibited superior photocatalytic hydrogen generation property (0.45 mmol h-1). This work demonstrates the advantage of the spatially separated bi-functional cocatalysts in enhancing the photocatalytic property of semiconductors.


Mapping in a patient undergoing radiofrequency ablation for drug‐refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the setting of repetitive, monomorphic atrial ectopic beats with negative p waves in the inferior leads revealed an arrhythmogenic focus located in the posteromedial inferior vena cava (IVC) 1 cm below the right atrium to IVC junction. The focus was mapped using a Lasso catheter with successful irrigated‐tip catheter ablation at the site of earliest activity. This case demonstrates that, in rare cases, arrhythmogenic muscular sleeves can be found in the IVC and that the IVC can be electrically disconnected from the right atrium using radiofrequency energy. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 659‐662, June 2003)


With pathway‐specific trials in PD associated with variants in the glucocerebrosidase gene (PDGBA) under way, we need markers that confirm the impact of genetic variants in patient‐derived biofluids in order to allow patient stratification merely based on genetics and that might serve as biochemical read‐out for target engagement.


Credit fraud modeling is a crucial area of research that is highly relevant to the credit loan industry. Effective risk management is a key factor in providing quality credit services and directly impacts the profitability and bad debt ratio of leading organizations in this sector. However, when the distribution of credit fraud data is highly unbalanced, it can lead to noise errors caused by information distortion, periodic statistical errors, and model biases during training. This can cause unfair results for the minority class (target class) and increase the risk of overfitting. While traditional data balancing methods can reduce bias in models towards the majority class in relatively unbalanced data, they may not be effective in highly unbalanced scenarios. To address this challenge, this paper proposes using Bagging algorithms such as Random Forest and Bagging to model highly unbalanced credit fraud data. Bayesian optimization is utilized to find hyperparameters and determine the accuracy of the minority class as an optimization function for the model, which is tested with real European credit card fraud data. The results of the proposed packing algorithms are compared with traditional data balancing methods such as Balanced Bagging and Balanced Random Forest. The study found that traditional data balancing methods may not be compatible with excessively unbalanced data, whereas Bagging algorithms show promise as a solution for modeling such data. The proposed method for finding hyperparameters effectively deals with highly unbalanced data. It achieved precision, recall, and F1-score for the minority category of 0.94, 0.81, and 0.87, respectively. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing the challenges associated with unbalanced credit fraud data to improve the accuracy and fairness of credit fraud models


This article questions to what extent official state law may be used to steer or change a society in a particular way. A number of overlapping themes, all sharing the same pessimism about the potential role of law in transforming society, are discussed. The themes include the following: it is a complex task to use the law as an agent of change; changes in law in one field may have unforeseen (and perhaps unwanted) consequences in other fields; changes in the law may have unintended consequences because any given society consists of various individuals faced with various choices, and the impact of law on these individuals will be varied and almost impossible to control or predict; the to-be-solved problem is often inadequately grasped; changes in law must or should follow changes in society, or such changes may well be ineffective; law is autonomous and self-referential, which implies that (official, state-) law is separate from society and relatively immune to society's impulses; and it is very hard, if not impossible, to ascertain the existence or absence of a causal link between changes in law and changes in society. The argument is not that law has no impact in changing a society. The contention is more subtle - law's transformatory potential is often overestimated.


Vibration and resonance of armature assembly in the torque motor of hydraulic servo-valve are the main reasons causing the break of spring pipe and consequently the failure of the servo-valve. Due to excellent magneto-viscosity property when exposed to the magnetic fields, the magnetic fluid operating in the squeeze mode can be taken as an effective damper for vibration suppression of the hydraulic servo-valve torque motor. The damping effect of the magnetic fluid on the torque motor is studied thoroughly in this paper. Amplitude-frequency responses of the torque motor with and without the magnetic fluid are tested and compared. The modal damping ratios of armature assembly with and without the magnetic fluid are identified based on the tested free decay responses. The damping effect of the magnetic fluid on vibration suppression of the torque motor is verified experimentally and analyzed quantitatively.


With the dynamics,complexity and uncertainty of the market economy development increasing,business competition has been upgraded to the competitiveness of business ecosystem,so the role and influence of core enterprises will be further strengthened.Core enterprises provide core products and services for business ecosystem,and the innovation in complementary products can help core enterprises get more opportunities.It is necessary for core enterprises in business ecosystem to innovate in complementary products to enhance competitive advantage.


Introduction: Previous studies have provided inconsistent evidence that chronic exposure to opioid drugs, including heroin and methadone, may be associated with impairments in executive neuropsychological functioning, specifically cognitive impulsivity. Methods: Participants with validated histories of illicit heroin use (n=24), former heroin users stabilised on prescribed methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) (n=29), licit opioid prescriptions for chronic pain without history of abuse or dependence (n=28) and healthy controls (n=28) were recruited and tested on measures of cognitive impulsivity, motor impulsivity and nonplanning impulsivity.


Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) has emerged in recent
years as a viable way to maximize reuse when designing a family of related
products. One of the main tasks conducted during the SPLE process is
Variability Management (VM). VM is about identifying commonality among
the different products being developed while capturing and cataloging
variability. In real-life projects, VM models tend to encompass a very large
number of variants reaching in many projects the order of thousands.
Visualizing these models has been a major challenge for tool developers. In this
work, we present our MUSA CASE tool which uses hyperbolic trees for
representing VM models and supports gesture based interaction (using multi-touch interfaces). The tool has been successfully used to develop a large scale
case study.


"Malory's Great Guns." Malory mentions guns only once, at the end of the Morte Darthur, when Mordred shoots "grete gunnes" at Guinevere sheltering in the Tower. Scholars have traditionally read this phrase as an anachronistic reference to cannon. This article challenges the traditional reading, and argues that Malory could well be referring to siege engines. Mechanical siege engines such as mangonels and trebuchets were still being used in warfare, alongside cannon, in Malory's youth, and he would also have been familiar with such engines from his source reading. Furthermore, the French source for the passage specifies mangonels. Nor can it be taken for granted that when a late medieval writer uses the term "grete gunnes" he is designating cannon. Though it was applied to firearms when the new technology was developed, the term originally designated large siege engines, and could still be used to designate them in the fifteenth century by translators and romance writers. Since Malory emphasizes the "pastn...


A study of the specific time of 3D printing using the FFF technology of one gram of material is being carried out. It describes the methodology of the study, using software, and configure it in a study, an analysis of the data and the final results.


We study a rigid classical extended charge in the nonrelativistic approximation, first subjected to a linear force, and second immersed in an electromagnetic radiation with a Rayleigh-Jeans (RJ) spectrum. A Yukawa distribution is considered for the charge, when necessary, to get explicit results. A comparison with the Abraham-Lorentz (AL) model is made. Our results show that the AL model is a good approximation for the extended charge only if the external forces do not contain high frequencies. However, if we consider RJ radiation big discrepancies appear. We also find that the linear system follows the Maxwell-Boltzmann law only for large enough values of the radius.


However, I was mainly inspired by Mr. Andreas Schiemenz [1], an economist by training, who for translators has developed a very entrepreneurial, comprehensive approach which takes account of fixed costs, variable costs, the time that we have available to be "productive", i.e. the amount of working time we must "sell" to break even (cover all the costs) and the amount of additional working time we must "sell" to earn ourselves an income.


From the point of view of the human being development,the relationship between an individual and the mankind development exhibits difference and an intrinsic correlation as well.Individual free development is the precondition and basis for the comprehensive development of human being.Comprehensive development is the object of the individual free development.


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: claimed ICE (100) system (10) comprises working fluid circuit (12), expander (14), condenser (20), first and second lines (30) and (32) of working fluid heating in circuit (12). Expander (14) is connected in working fluid circuit (12) to feed working fluid therein. Condenser (20) is connected in working fluid circuit (12) to feed the latter from expander (14). First heating line (30) in the working fluid circuit (12) comprises the first heat exchanger (36) connected for transfer of off-gas fluid heat power of ICE (100). Second heating line (32) in the working fluid circuit (12) comprises the second heat exchanger (112) connected for transfer of off-gas fluid heat power of ICE (100) from ICE off-gas recirculation system cooler. Said first and second lines (30, 32) included the branching assembly located upstream of said first and second heat exchangers (36), (112), and connection assembly located downstream thereof. Invention discloses the implementation of above described system. EFFECT: higher efficiency of off-gas recovery. 9 cl, 2 dwg


ABSTRACT This study contributes to the literature on understanding complexities related to educational disparities among Latino families. The roles of first-generation Latino fathers in their children's education are often mischaracterized within the schools. Utilizing role theory, our study details how Latino fathers' work, cultural values, and communication are key to understanding their involvement in their children's education. Seventeen first-generation Latino fathers from the rural Midwest participated in focus groups and subsequent individual interviews. The resulting thematic analysis details three themes. The themes describe how Latino fathers' work acts as a means of involvement, how cultural values impact the roles within education, and suggest the lack of communication creates a disconnect between Latino fathers and the schools. Implications from this study state a need for increased communication between Latino fathers and teachers. Teachers may benefit by incorporating the cultural values and roles of fathers into their teaching practices. Educators should consider expanding their beliefs of parental involvement to include the cultural values of the families in their schools. Integrating the voices of Latino fathers within the educational system is needed to further strive toward educational equality for Latino families.


We give the multiplication structures of all real simple n-Lie algebras and prove that each of them has metric dimension 1 or 2 depending on that it belongs to type I or type II. We also determine the signatures of metrics on all real simple n-Lie algebras. Moreover, we present an example of real 3-Lie algebras which is indecomposable but has much larger metric dimension.


This research features a deep learning based framework to address the problem of matching a given face sketch image against a face photo database. The photo-sketch matching problem is challenging because 1) modality gap between photo and sketch is very large, and 2) the number of paired photo/ sketch data is insufficient to train deep network. To circumvent the problem of large modality gap, our approach is to use an intermediate latent space between the two modalities. We effectively align the distributions of the two modalities in this latent space by employing a bidirectional (photo → sketch and sketch → photo) collaborative synthesis network. A StyleGAN-like architecture is utilized to make the intermediate latent space be equipped with rich representation power. To resolve the problem of insufficient training samples, we introduce a three-step training scheme. Extensive evaluation on public composite face sketch database confirms superior performance of our method compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. The proposed methodology can be employed in matching other modality pairs.


Migrant remittances reached 21 billion dollars in SSA in 2008 according to the World Bank estimates. Despite these important flows, few macroeconomic studies have been conducted on this topic in SSA compared to other developing regions. The existing studies on the impact of remittances in SSA have been mostly in the form of case studies at the microeconomic level or reports. The objective of our study is to fill in this gap by investigating the impact of remittances on savings and investment in respective samples of 37 and 34 SSA over the period 1980-2004. It also analyzes comparatively the effectiveness of remittances and foreign aid in promoting savings and investment. OLS and instrumental variables (2SLS) with country fixed-effects are used as estimations methods. We find that both remittances and foreign aid positively and significantly influence savings and investment in SSA, meaning that contrary to most of conclusion found in the literature, migrant remittances in SSA are not only and entirely spent in basic consumption needs. We also find that, although the volume and share of remittances are lower than foreign aid, remittances have more positive impact on savings and investment. Remittances, by being directly received by people in needs and not by governments as intermediaries, would serve more households' interests and be more effective in favouring economic development than foreign aid. However, when efficiently used in a good institutional, political and economic environment, foreign aid can act as complement to remittances by allowing vulnerable households to have income above the threshold subsistence's level so they (or migrants) can use larger share of remittances for savings and investment purposes. Our results also suggest that remittances may have indirect positive effects on growth in SSA through savings and investment.


In comparing sexual murderers with a history of sex abuse (n = 12) with murderers without such a history (n = 16), findings that approach a level of significance between early sexual abuse and sexual deviations include zoophilia (.06) and sexual sadism (.07) with the ultimate expression of the murderer's perversion being the mutilation of the victim. Murderers with sexual abuse histories report fantasizing about rape earlier than murderers without sexual abuse histories (.05) and report aversion to peer sex in adolescence and adulthood (.05). Significant differences in behavioral indicators comparing across developmental levels of childhood include cruelty to animals (.05), and differences approaching significance include isolation (.09), convulsions (.09), cruelty to children (.09) and assaultive to adults (.09). Significant differences in adolescence between murderers with child sexual abuse history versus nonhistory include running away (.01), sleep problems (.05), daydreams (.05), rebellious (.05), assaultive to adults (.05), and indicators approaching significance include temper tantrums (.09) and self-mutilation (.09).


Three samples of 10GN2MFA steel were thermally treated at quenching temperatures equal to 900°C, 1000°C and 1100°C, and temperature of the tempering was 670°C. Thermo-physical properties of the steel were modelled by lumped capacity model. The sample was mechanically stressed under yield strength and then the cooling curve of stressed material on air was measured. The heat transfer through grips was taken into account. Thermo-physical properties were obtained by parametric fitting of time-temperature data obtained from cooling curve. Both thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity increase with the quenching temperature. Specific heat capacity of steel samples after thermal treatment does not change significantly. All the measured thermo-physical parameters were in good agreement with the table values for low carbon Ni steels.


This study investigates how food companies were affected by the International Agency for Research on Cancer's report that linked processed meat and red meat consumption to increased risk of cancer. The results indicate that neither fast food companies nor meat producers were greatly affected by the announcement in the days immediately following the release.


A preliminary spectrum is presented of the background radiation between 1 and 20/cm from regions near the north Galactic pole, as observed by the FIRAS instrument on the COBE satellite. The spectral resolution is 1/cm. The spectrum is well fitted by a blackbody with a temperature of 2.735 + or - 0.06 K, and the deviation from a blackbody is less than 1 percent of the peak intensity over the range 1-20/cm. These new data show no evidence for the submillimeter excess previously reported by Matsumoto et al. (1988) in the cosmic microwave background. Further analysis and additional data are expected to improve the sensitivity to deviations from a blackbody spectrum by an order of magnitude. 31 refs.


The correlation between the change in the etching rate of SiN and the change in the monitored plasma impedance was investigated to estimate the capability of critical dimension (CD) prediction with a plasma impedance monitor (PIM). The results obtained with the PIM were compared with those of optical emission spectroscopy (OES), which was performed using the emission intensity ratio of C2/H, and showed that the SiN etching rate is strongly correlated with several values obtained with the PIM. We conclude that the PIM has the potential to predict CDs with the same accuracy as that of OES.


The dynamic characteristics of a discharge can be determined by making square‐wave changes of arc current. This is done by putting the discharge tube in the plate circuit of a group of pentodes connected in parallel and supplied with a square‐wave signal superimposed on a d.c. bias.Probes operated at constant current are very useful in recording the characteristics of a modulated discharge. For measuring electron temperature (Te), two identical probes are centered about points having the same space potential. If the probes are operated at different fixed currents on the straight line part of the probe characteristic, the voltage between them is proportional to Te. Longitudinal voltage gradient or radial potential differences may be recorded by use of identical probes operated at the same current.A probe operated at a suitable current will follow roughly the variations in space potential of the adjacent region of the discharge. Another probe made sufficiently negative with respect to such a probe will coll...


Noonan syndrome (NS) is characterised by distinctive facial features, heart defects, variable degrees of intellectual disability and other phenotypic manifestations. Although the mode of inheritance is typically dominant, recent studies indicate LZTR1 may be associated with both dominant and recessive forms. Seeking to describe the phenotypic characteristics of LZTR1‐associated NS, we searched for likely pathogenic variants using two approaches. First, scrutiny of exomes from 9624 patients recruited by the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDDs) study uncovered six dominantly‐acting mutations (p.R97L; p.Y136C; p.Y136H, p.N145I, p.S244C; p.G248R) of which five arose de novo, and three patients with compound‐heterozygous variants (p.R210*/p.V579M; p.R210*/p.D531N; c.1149+1G>T/p.R688C). One patient also had biallelic loss‐of‐function mutations in NEB, consistent with a composite phenotype. After removing this complex case, analysis of human phenotype ontology terms indicated significant phenotypic similarities (P = 0.0005), supporting a causal role for LZTR1. Second, targeted sequencing of eight unsolved NS‐like cases identified biallelic LZTR1 variants in three further subjects (p.W469*/p.Y749C, p.W437*/c.‐38T>A and p.A461D/p.I462T). Our study strengthens the association of LZTR1 with NS, with de novo mutations clustering around the KT1‐4 domains. Although LZTR1 variants explain ~0.1% of cases across the DDD cohort, the gene is a relatively common cause of unsolved NS cases where recessive inheritance is suspected.


An active vibration isolation equipment for isolating low frequency ground vibration of cold atom interferometry is demonstrated experimentally. This system combines the passive vibration isolator of negative stiffness elements and voice coil motor actuator can be used to counteract the ground vibration force measured by the seismometer. The processor with high integration and fast computation can be applied to the algorithm of active vibration isolation. Passive vibration isolation equipment can handle vibration above 10 Hz With the feedback path closed, the vertical vibration noise is greatly reduced by a factor of 100 from 0.1 to 10Hz With the help of active vibration isolation equipment, cold atom gravimeter can measure gravity precisely.


safe and efficient treatment is skilful laboratory control. It is true that many pathologists now condemn those methods of estimating the prothrombin time in which "stypven " is used; they prefer thromboplastic substances prepared from rabbit or human brain. There are some, however, who continue to use "stypven" with satisfactory results, provided that care is taken to " overlap" several bottles in order that there may be a constant check and guarantee of its activity. Whatever method is used, a slipshod technique will lead to serious errors, and there are probably few routine laboratory estimations which demand such conscientious effort by the pathologist. A clinician who fails to recognize this fact is indeed ungrateful. Quite apart from the intrinsic dangers of the drug, this difficulty in laboratory control is likely to limit its use in this country. Wise and his co-workers'4 have recently published an interesting report on the prophylactic use of dicoumarol; over the course of four years the drug was given as routine therapy to 3,304 patients subjected to major surgical operations. Depression of the prothrombin level to 40-50% of normal brought about a significant reduction in the incidence of venous thrombosis and a less significant reduction in embolism, while at the same time it was a negligible cause of haemorrhage. Such figures tend, however, to be misleading and it is doubtful whether the results, good as they seem, would justify an extension of this practice when one considers the great amount of additional work which would be required. In view of recent reports of the drug's efficiency as a rat poison'5 16 it may be that dicoumarol will ultimately be more useful for that purpose. Elsewhere in this issue Drs. C. C. Burt, H. P. Wright, and Mirko Kubik report-a careful clinical trial of a new coumarin substance which, owing to its shorter-lived action, seems superior to dicoumarol. Such a drug should certainly be more predictable in its effects, and this mav be a real advantage in those cases requiring prolonged treatment; but much fuller trials will be needed before its true value can be assessed. Meanwhile, all clinicians interested in the problem of thrombosis will look forward to the day when better drugs still will relieve them of many of the present unavoidable anxieties of anticoagulant treatment.


Putrescine uptake and translocation were studied by feeding [3H] putrescine to roots of tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller, cv. Earlypak 7) at the stage of expanded cotyledons, of maize seedlings (Zea mais L.) at the coleoptile stage, and of one year old pines (Pinus pinea L.). Putrescine translocation was rapid as radioactivity appeared in the upper part of the seedlings within 30 min, continuing to increase up to 24 h, while it decreased in roots. The putrescine supplied was partly metabolized to spermidine and spermine in the course of 24 h. The transport was temperature-dependent as it increased with increasing temperature from 4°C to 30°C. In plants kept in 100% relative humidity the transport decreased by 27% compared to controls kept in 50% relative humidity. The existence of basipetal transport was assessed by feeding labeled putrescine to cotyledons or to a primary leaf of tomato plants at different stages of growth. The influence of ringing at the hypocotyl level on polyamine translocation in pine plants was studied in order to exclude cortical parenchyma and phloem from transport. Radioactivity decreased in the hypocotyl just above the ring and in the upper parts (epicotyls with needles), but long-distance transport was low affected indicating xylem transport. It is suggested that polyamine transport is not polar, and that it occurs mainly through xylem vessels.


In this paper rooted loopless (near) 4-regular maps on surfaces such as the sphere and the projective plane are counted and exact formulae with up to three or four parameters for such maps are given. Several classical results on regular maps and one-faced maps are deduced.


The change of governmental function is an important issue in the reform of administration system of our country, and it is also a difficult one.How to correctly define it is an urgent task for us to solve as soon as possible.This article proposes that we should strictly limit the power and function of the government and promote the systematization and legalism in our country.


For an impact crater on land, scientists often need to estimate the impact energyaccording to the diameter of the impact crater. Since there is no unified formula to describe thecomplex physical process of impact, the results estimated by different scholars are quitedifferent, which makes it difficult to judge which one is more consistent with the facts. Forimpact craters in the history of the earth, which have been unable to know the impact angle, thereis an urgent need for a unified formula to obtain a more pertinent calculation result.Aftercomparing and analyzing several formulas put forward by previous scientists, we think thatEugene Shoemaker's formula in 1990 is better. We simplify and improve it in order to make itadapt to the calculation of very large impact energy, so as to avoid fallacies. At the end of thepaper, we also give a general method to estimate the mass and volume of meteorites afterobtaining the impact energy. The improved formula and method proposed in this paper can beused for reference by scholars and science lovers, and may need further research to improve it inthe future.


THE similarity of chest pain associated with pulmonary hypertension and that of coronary-artery disease was stressed by Viar and Harrison1 in their excellent monograph. They suggested the term "pulmonary hypertensive pain" and pointed out that it may resemble angina pectoris subjectively in almost every detail. The location is precordial or substernal, but other areas of the thorax may be involved, anteriorly or posteriorly. Radiation when present frequently extends to the left shoulder and arm. The intensity of the pain varies from mild to quite severe. Like angina, the pain with pulmonary hypertension may be precipitated by physical exertion or emotional . . .


Introduction: to assess the lipid-lowering effect, the effect on endothelial function, oxidative stress of Rosuvastatin at a dose of 40 mg in patients with dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension (AH) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) initially, over time after 4 weeks and 12 months of treatment. Material and methods: The prospective study included 33 patients (mean age 60 [54;61] years) with hypertension, COPD and dyslipidemia. The laboratory examination consisted of determining the lipid spectrum and the level of lipid peroxidation products (LPO). To assess the tolerability of the prescribed therapy, creatinine, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were studied. To assess endothelial function, an endothelium-dependent vasodilation test (EDVD) was performed. Rosuvastatin at a dose of 40 mg was prescribed as lipid-lowering therapy. Initially, after 12 months, an ultrasound duplex scanning of the carotid arteries was performed to assess the presence of atherosclerotic plaques (AP) in the lumen of the vessel. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Andes University in Merida, Venezuela (protocol No. 10 of December 25, 2017). Results: after 4 weeks of treatment with Rosuvastatin at a dose of 40 mg, there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol levels by 26%, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by 33%, triglycerides (TG) by 19%, while high-density lipoproteins (HDL) increased by 18%. Improvements in endothelial dysfunction (ED) and lipid peroxidation were observed during treatment with Rosuvastatin. Treatment with Rosuvastatin at a dose of 40 mg did not cause adverse reactions in patients. Conclusion: correction of lipid metabolism disorders in patients with hypertension and COPD by prescribing Rosuvastatin at a dose of 40 mg can quickly reduce total cholesterol, LDL and TG, positively affecting endothelial function and lipid peroxidation processes. Therapy with Rosuvastatin at a starting dose of 40 mg in patients with dyslipidemia, hypertension and COPD is safe. After 12 months of regular use of Rosuvastatin at a dose of 40 mg, regression of AB was observed.


The invention discloses a combined paper pallet. The paper pallet comprises an upper bearing plate, a lower base plate and a plurality of stilts connected between the bearing plate and the base plate, wherein each stilt comprises a cuboid paper box bushing; a bearing body and at least a horizontally arranged connecting paper tube are clamped in the paper box bushing; the bearing body can bear heavy paper; and the bearing plate and the base plate are connected with the sides of the connecting paper tubes of the stilts by tapping screws. The paper pallet can be freely combined and assembled, occupies small space during storage and transport, can save the storage and transport costs and has high bearing strength.


The present study explores cognitive variability and specificity of cognitive decline in persons at high genetic risk (AR + persons) of Huntington's disease (HD). Risk status was determined by RFLP markers. Three subgroups were defined according to neuropsychological test performance. One subgroup showed a typical HD pattern of impairment, a second group selectively impaired verbal memory function, and a third group was more heterogeneous. Verbal memory function was frequently impaired among AR + persons. The specificity of verbal memory dysfunction was evaluated by using a multivariate statistical clustering procedure. While 60% of the AR + persons were allocated to clusters typical of "subcortical dementia", most AR ‐ persons were allocated to a "normal" cluster. However, the variability was wide within both the AR + and AR ‐ group. The heterogeneity among AR + persons was consistent with findings in genetic, neuroimaging, and neuropathological studies of HD. Multidisciplinary studies should be performed to better understand biological determinants of cognitive variability, and to facilitate clinical diagnosis and councelling in individual AR + persons.


Now, the design of a Virtual Reality (VR) application is still a specialised and time consuming task. Many techniques and software tools have been created facilitating the development process. However, they require considerable knowledge of VR technology. Furthermore, modelling the behaviours of the objects in a Virtual Environment (VE) requires programming skills. For this reason, we have developed an approach called 'VR-WISE' that allows specifying a VR application at a conceptual level, free from implementation details and from the viewpoint of a domain expert, allowing non-VR experts to participate in the design of VEs. This approach uses ontologies, incorporating domain knowledge and high-level modelling concepts for describing the VE. In this paper, we explain how object-behaviour can be described at a conceptual level. We show how simple behaviours can be combined for composing complex behaviours. We illustrate the different modelling concepts by means of examples.


The representation of surfaces in three-dimensions is a problem that has always intrigued cartographers. Early attempts to portray towns and cities in the 16th century used elevation as a technique. The oblique, perspective-like view came into use in the latter part of the century, and the method was later improved and enhanced. The modern plan is accurate, functional and correct, but perhaps less attractive than these early town plans. Herman Bollman has revived cartographic interest in 'bildkarten' through the production of a remarkable series of town plans over a period of nearly 25 years. In his brilliant series of plans, Herr Bollman has developed new methods in the production of perspective drawings and combines technique with the understanding of a master craftsman. La representation des surfaces en trois dimensions est un probleme qui a toujours intrigue les cartographes. Les premieres tentatives de representer des villes au 16e siecle ont utilise l'elevation comme technique. La vision oblique, co...


Significant advances in millimeter-wave devices and integrated circuits have been achieved over the past several years, yet the majority of measurements reported have been extrapolated from DC-65 GHz data, relying only on linear projections to predict the EHF performance of these devices and circuits. The only solution to this problem is to develop measuring instruments with greater bandwidths. Recently, we developed a 1.6 psec pulser, and a 300 GHz MMIC sampler and directional bridge. These components were assembled in a microwave package and S-parameter measurements were made to the 60 GHz limit of the V-connector used. In order to increase the frequency range of our measurement system to 300 GHz, the parasitics due to the connection between the MMIC samplers and the device under test must be eliminated by integrating the probe contact tip with the GaAs MMIC multipliers, samplers, bridges, and IF amplifiers. This requires a probe tip that is itself fabricated in GaAs. As a first goal, we have developed a through-line GaAs probe, with no integrated circuit components, which will allow repeatable measurement at microwave frequencies up to 50 GHz. Since GaAs cannot be flexed, it was necessary to develop a parallelogram flexure probe so that a controlled normal force could be applied to a micromachined GaAs tip. This tip had a CPW pitch of 40 microns to minimize radiation at millimeter frequencies and was anisotropically etched to allow the user to see the exact contact location of the tip to the device under test.


Recently the auto industry joins in with lightweight of the automobile and with the direction which attempts an durability performance and a quality improvement. For this trend development of a vehicle is necessary that corresponds to life cycle using RLDA data acquired at a proving ground by vehicle test.
In this Study, using RLDA data acquired at a proving ground a accelerate durability test procedure and a fatigue analysis procedure are developed and this procedure will be applied for automotive suspension. By this procedure to confront quickly and accurately the quality problem which occurs while using a vehicle and to gather an effect of development duration shortening and cost reduction will be possible.


The convolutional neural network (CNN) learns the same object in different positions in images, which can improve the recognition accuracy of the model. An implication of this is that CNN may know where the object is. The usefulness of the features' spatial information in CNNs has not been well investigated. In this paper, we found that the model's learning of features' position information hindered the learning of the features' relationship. Therefore, we introduced Random Padding, a new type of padding method for training CNNs that impairs the architecture's capacity to learn position information by adding zero-padding randomly to half of the border of feature maps. Random Padding is parameter-free, simple to construct, and compatible with the majority of CNN-based recognition models. This technique is also complementary to data augmentations such as random cropping, rotation, flipping and erasing, and consistently improves the performance of image classification over strong baselines.


The issue of fish mislabelling has hit the headlines with an episode of TV documentary Carte Blanche looking at the extent of the problem. Donna Cawthorn has carried out ground-breaking research into indentifying commercially available fish species in SA by their unique DNA sequences.


Objective: To study the effects of nutritional support on nutritional risk in elderly patients of a predetermined outcome.Methods: In our hospital nutrition risk in elderly patients compared with predetermined,nutritional support with and without clinical outcome in patients with. Results: No nutrition support group of infectious complications was significantly higher,nutrition discharge index was significantly lower. Significant differences( P < 0. 05). Conclusion: Nutrition support can reduce the hospitalization time,reduce the infectious complication probability.


Though the power generation system using ammonia/water mixture (AWM) as working fluid has been put into practical use in the wasteheat power generation systems at high heat source temperatures, power generation using ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system at low heat source temperatures is not verified thoroughly. Therefore, this paper reports on two weeks continuous operation of an OTEC experimental device. The influence of cold source temperature is clarified on the turbine inlet and outlet temperatures and pressures in this paper.


Perfluoroalkyl-containing coumarin derivatives are well-known for their unique physical and chemical properties and wide applications. In this study, a series of coumarinyl-imine compounds were synthesized from perfluromethylcoumarins. The reactant and the products were characterized by IR, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and UV. The photo-physical behaviors of these compounds were also investigated.


Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) are mostly used gases today and they are used for transporting and cooking purpose. So, they are in high demand today. Therefore, there requesting a high need to create some technique that can helping to satisfies the need of the consumer's greatly. This means that whenever the filling container is getting empty, there should be some mechanism that can suggest the user to arrange for the replacement of the current container with the another filled one or the system will automatically send the request to the gas agency itself, else the filling process may get stopped due to unavailability of the gas. Hence, this paper proposes a microcontroller based gas level sensing system that can help in providing the status of the gas level in the container. Gas seepage & gas limit identification is one of the crucial issues in day to day life. And the gas leakage and gas outlier is primary issue that can be solved. LPG is mainly a huge flammable & will cause severe disaster to consumer & assets. To overcome these scenario, a consistent volume of workforce have to be needed to develop flexible technology for detecting gas seepage and gas level inside the container. Our motive is to avoid the danger in the cooking area by using recent technology like Internet of Things. The primary goal is to implement the design & development of SMS (Short Message Service) depends Gas seepage and Low Level Gas Detection. MQ2 is used to identify the gas leakages in a cooking area by detecting the LPG gas presence in air. The same after discussion showed that the model is suitable for detection of the gas level in the container at the gas station too.


(1) A knowledge of the causes of spondylolisthesis is essential before variations in the radiographic appearances are clearly appreciable. (2) Spondylolisthesis is as common in males as in females. (3) The crescentic shadow sometimes visible in antero-posterior films of the lumbosacral junction is not pathognomonic of spondylolisthesis. (4) In spondylolisthesis the bicristal is greater than the bitrochanteric length, a fact which is of diagnostic value, particularly when good lateral radiographs are not available. (5) Ullmann's test is too delicate and occasionally may lead to a false diagnosis of early spondylolisthesis. (6) Interarticular neural arch defects cannot, at the present stage of radiographic technique, be invariably demonstrated. (7) There is no characteristic position of the last lumbar spinous process in cases of spondylolisthesis. (8) No diagnostic conclusions should be based solely on comparisons of the antero-posterior lengths of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae.


We show that when a model, which is equivalent to the G\"ursey model classically, is gauged with a $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ field, we get indications of a nontrivial field theory.


This study presents an activity carried out in the course "Managing the Family Business." This activity is developed using different teaching methodologies related to the European Higher Education Area, such as: the lecture, case studies and cooperative learning, combining these methods with a comparative analysis within business and the in-depth interview technique. The main objective of the activity is to bring the student closer to our business reality, in which 85 percent of businesses are family owned. It is expected that students cooperate and share experiences for a few hours with a real family business, in order to know how they work and be able to apply the theory studied in class. Moreover, since the students have to search information related to the company chosen, develop a real interview with a manager and write a final report, this work will probably wake up their interest on research.


Orthodontic force simulation of tooth provides important guidance for clinical orthodontic treatment. However, previous studies did not involve the simulation of orthodontic force of archwire applied to full dentition. This study aimed to develop a method to simulate orthodontic force of tooth produced by loading a continuous archwire to full dentition using finite element method.


We study the Seifert surfaces of a link by relating the embeddings of graphs by using induced graphs. As applications, we prove that every link $L$ is the boundary of an oriented surface which is obtained from a graph embedding of a complete bipartite graph $K_{2,n}$, where all voltage assignments on the edges of $K_{2,n}$ are 0. We also provide an algorithm to construct such a graph diagram of a given link and demonstrate the algorithm by dealing with the links $4_1^2$ and $5_2$.


Introduction: Muscle weakness is present in the paretic limbs of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). We aimed to determine what neuromuscular factors contribute to weakness in adults with CP during isometric maximal voluntary contractions (iMVCs). Methods: Gastrocnemius anatomical cross‐sectional area (ACSA) and agonist and antagonist activation were measured in 11 CP and 11 control adult men during plantarflexion iMVC. Results: Plantarflexion iMVC torque of the paretic leg was 42% and 52% less than in the non‐paretic and control limbs, respectively. The paretic gastrocnemius ACSA was smaller than in the control group only. Paretic agonist activation was less than the non‐paretic and control groups, whereas antagonist coactivation was higher. Multiple regression analysis revealed muscle activation accounted for 57% of variation in paretic plantarflexion iMVC torque. Conclusions: In individuals with CP, muscle weakness in the paretic limb is attributed primarily to impaired neural activation and, to a lesser degree, ACSA. Muscle Nerve 49: 76–83, 2014


It is fitting that we examine the beginnings of the recording of history of chemistry, in view of our observing the 85th birthday of the founding of HIST, first conceived by its two founders, Edgar Fahs Smith and Charles Albert Browne, at an American Chemical Society meeting at Northwestern University in 1920. The motivation for this move was later stated by Smith in one of his published books (1):


Due to the increase in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) cases presenting to services arising, primarily, from the national increase in Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) and the increased survival rate of TBI and Stroke (CVA) cases a heightened focus on the adequacy of service provision to people with an acquired brain injury (ABI) has arisen. The following sub-groups of people with ABI have been identified: â?¢ Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) â?¢ Non-Traumatic Brain Injury (NTBI), including; Stroke (CVA), Anoxia and Hypoxia, Haemorrhage, Tumour and Infection â?¢ Alcohol Related Brain Injury (ARBI) â?¢ Substance Related Brain Injury (SRBI) Study objective: In order to inform effective planning and development of future service provision a social scientific assessment of the extent of need among people with ABI in the region required to be undertaken.


The paper shows the analysis of a non-stationary temperature field in the process of polyethylene pipe welding at different ambient temperatures. The researchers assume that the maximum joint strength is provided when the heating and connecting of welded elements are up at such temperature distribution which can be reached with the welding design mode (at an ambient temperature from -15eC to +30eC). Calculations educed the duration of operations at low ambient temperatures which are not stated in the normative documents.


Since the potential benefits are resulting from the use of renewable energy sources,Microgrid and Distributed Generation(DG) are becoming a significant research area.Microgrid can generally be composed of renewable microsources placed close to the load centre.In order to have control over the real and reactive power of individual DG,Voltage-Frequency control,Power management strategy is required in microgrid.Hence the main motivation of this article is to make a comprehensive survey on challenges over power management in microgrid.Six different approaches are reviewed in detail for AC,DC and hybrid AC/DC microgrid.


This paper introduces some of the basic concepts of Patch Antenna. The main focus will be on explaining the general properties of Rectangular Micro strip Patch Antenna by using the Metamaterial Structure. It will cover topics including: principles of operation, Impedance Matching, Return Loss, VSWR and Smith Chart. The Return Loss of simple Rectangular Micro strip Patch Antenna alone and with Metamaterial Structure are compared. It has been seen that Return Loss improved around 10dB. Which ultimately improves the directivity of Rectangular Micro strip Patch Antenna.


The IPv6 mobile network provides the possibility for users to access network anytime,and also puts forward a new challenge on accessing control and management.In order to improve this situation,proposes a mobile network environment in the hierarchical IPv6 access authentication methods,using hierarchical thought to access authentication and mobile registered for hierarchical management,reduce the switching certification process.Based on vector two-way authentication mechanism achieved users and mobile network two-way certification.When moving away from your hometown node in a certain range domain and frequent mobile,mobile switching and hierarchical authentication process integration,reduce the cost,improve the delay and authentication switching performance.


A new Markov random field based algorithm is proposed for signal reconstruction from Fourier transform magnitude motivated by the data reduction calculations of x-ray crystallography. The purpose of an x-ray crystallography experiment is to determine the position in three dimensional space of each atom in a molecule. The measured data are the magnitudes squared of the Fourier transform of the electron density function of a crystal of the molecule of interest and possibly also of chemical derivatives. The data reduction calculations are a signal reconstruction problem for the three dimensional electron density. In the so-called "direct" methods of interest here, the reconstruction is based on a noisy measurement of the magnitude squared of the Fourier transform of the electron density of a single crystal, that is, no chemical derivatives of the molecule are studied.


Published: 24.12.2019 Safety is amongst the superiorities of the railways in comparison to other modes of transportation. Assessing the level of safety (LOS) in a railway network requires the up-to-date risk model which considers the hazards participating in an accident while analyzing the severity of their consequences. Bayesian networks are used to analyze the conditional probabilities of the chain causes and demonstrate it as a visual graphical model for the relations between the involved factors. The accuracy of calculations depends on the recorded data and the main contributor of the model validity. The switch derailment that is one of the most repeated accidents in railways is under scrutiny in this research. For the analysis different reasons separately or combined with other factors are evaluated and categorized in six severity categories based on the Iranian railway accident severity guidelines. The outcome of the model demonstrates the human factors and its subdivisions as the main factor participating in the switch derailment. The predictions are that the risk of the third grade of severity is the most probable of severities.


Epistemology related to philosophy can be likened to a branching tree. The tree of philosophy has branches in the form of subdisciplines. Philosophy of science, ethics, aesthetics, philosophical anthropology and metaphysics. Epistemology as a branch of philosophy is devoted to the sources of knowledge. To arrive at an understanding of Islamic epistemology, it is necessary to use a genetivus subjectivus approach, which places Islam as the subject and object of epistemology. Epistemology as a result of human reason does not intend to interpret Islam, but aims at how to acquire knowledge, how the methodology of knowledge, the nature of knowledge and so on related to epistemology. So by itself Islamic epistemology studies Islam itself, or in other words epistemology according to Islam. This formulation makes a distinction between Islamic epistemology in general. Islamic epistemology in addition to general epistemology concerns relevance as a source of knowledge and inspiration. Epistemology generally assumes that truth is human-centered because humans have the authority to determine knowledge. This paper tries to compare epistemology in the Islamic and Western worlds as teaching the conception of thinking for elementary age children.


Health management has become increasingly important in personal health care in modern life. The system we have designed, which provides a method to help facilitate health management through an associated smart phone with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), which is a new type of application. This system consists of medical knowledge and health management. In the application of medical knowledge, we use the human model as well as the operation of RFID to obtain medical knowledge concerning human organs. The two main functions of the health management system are medication reminders and drug identification. The feature of medication reminders allows users to set the time for taking medication so that patients do not miss taking their medication. The feature of drug identification allows the operators to identify the drugs and can let the users know who needs to take drugs. In addition, we have designed a web page that allows users to understand their health status.


An architecture for experimenting with different algorithms in numeric/symbolic computing, concurrent programming paradigms, and interconnection networks is proposed. The architecture comprises a large collection of processors organized in groups called levels. Each level has interconnection networks to communicate with memory units in the level and also a global memory called system memory. Each memory unit in the architecture has two parts, data memory and synchronizing/ status memory. The latter is identical to the former except for the word-size. Separating synchronizing/status information from data reduces memory contention and improves the cycle time to memory for reading or writing. Two proposals for processing elements are also outlined. One of them is a custom design and the other is a commercial processor with the addition of functional units capable of doing floating-point and symbolic calculations. The architecture will have facilities to support experimentation with three classes of concurrent computation models, a task level dataflow, demand driven, and cooperating sequential processing; programming languages such as Prolog with AND parallelism and builtins for scientific computation will be supported by the architecture along with other languages. An initial design of the architecture using crossbars as interconnection networks is also outlined.


This paper deals with object oriented software implementation of the algorithms for transformation of the continuous-time linear systems to the discrete-time systems. These algorithms are used for displaying the basic discrete-time systems characteristics: step response, impulse response and frequency response in PLC based tunnel simulator. State-space system representation and basic interconnection of the systems are also considered.


As the credit crisis has intensified over the last few months, lenders have found it increasingly difficult to access funding for their loan book on the interbank market. Liquidity in this market is at the lowest level for decades. If funding is available to a lender, that lender is likely to be paying a much higher price for it. Obtaining funds at LIBOR simply is not possible for some market participants. This article looks at one possible mechanism a lender may be able to use to recover the actual cost of funds if it is accessing the market at a rate that is above LIBOR. It discusses the issues we believe will be of most interest to all market participants – agents, borrowers and lenders – and goes on to to describe some points where parties may wish to focus their negotiating efforts to balance the impact a lender's triggering the contractual mechanism for increasing the margin might have on a borrower.


A Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant derived by random mutagenesis with N-methyl-N-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine, producing high levels of the rhamnolipid biosurfactants was selected on SiegmundWagner (SW) plates. The mutant designated P. aeruginosa PTCC1637 produces rhamnolipids at concentrations 10 time more than parent strain. NMR analysis and surface tension measurement showed that the biosurfactants produced by the mutant were identical to those produced by the wildtype strain. The biosurfactants exhibited a low surface tension of 28.0 mN m -1 and a low critical micelle concentration of 9 mg l -1 . Similar to the wildtype strain, the mutant produced biosurfactants at


and MILIND SINGH, Booz & Company In March 2009, the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) published Connecting America: The National Broadband Plan, an effort to address the fact that only seven of ten households in the United States use the Internet. Beyond examining infrastructure requirements, the FCC plan recognized that ubiquitous, affordable high-speed broadband is essential in driving national competitiveness: broadband, as noted in the plan, enables advances in seven priority areas, including education, healthcare, energy and the environment, and civic engagement.1 The United States is far from alone in its aspirations. Governments around the world are spending billions and setting ambitious targets as they recognize that a crucial foundation for many areas of socioeconomic development are digital highways—defined as nationwide high-speed broadband enabled by a combination of fixed as well as wireless networks. Just as actual highways connect people and foster social and commercial activity, digital highways can facilitate the creation of virtual communities in vital areas. When policymakers and telecommunications operators collaborate with leaders in other sectors, such as health and education, they are laying the groundwork for profound improvements—boosting national competitiveness, innovation, economic productivity, and social inclusion. Accelerating the deployment of digital highways and deriving their full benefits is not a simple task. It requires fundamental changes in vision and action throughout the entire broadband ecosystem. Policymakers and network operators first must look beyond broadband networks alone and facilitate the development of a host of related services and applications, then actively encourage citizens to use them. There is also a strong need for collaboration among other sector participants such as device manufacturers, application developers, and counterparts in adjoining sectors. Finally, the members of the broadband ecosystem must work with their counterparts in adjacent industries—such as health, energy, education, and transportation—to develop the applications that will help those sectors to reap broadband's benefits. Only when all of these stakeholders are fully engaged can digital highways reach their full potential and facilitate efficiency, competitiveness, and prosperity in the communities they serve. After making the case for the need for digital highways and assessing their current development status, this chapter will explore the actions required from policymakers, networked operators, and other relevant stakeholders to facilitate broadband deployment as well as the opportunities ahead. 47 1. 3: B ui ld in g Co m m un iti es a ro un d Di gi ta l H ig hw ay s


In this work, we have carried out a number of experiments on the Electrolyte-Oxide-Semiconductor (EOS) pH chemical sensor and also presented a simple model to explain the sensing mechanisms. The EOS structure was fabricated by growing 1000 Angstrom thick gate oxide over an n-Si substrate. Investigations were made on three electrolytes- sodium chloride, sodium, sulphate and potassium chloride. Later on, we have tried to correlate the experimental results with our proposed model for the EOS structure.


By using a hot-air gun with a small orifice, heat may be localized to the soldering area of the chassis. The solder is placed around the capacitor which is inserted in the mounting hole so the ring is in contact with the chassis.


Because there are some disadvantages of traditional algorithms in solving maximum clique problem—one of the NP complete problems,such as too many experimental steps,uneasiness to operate in vivo,and low cyclization efficiency,a 2D DNA(k-arm DNA molecule) structure was designed to solve the maximum clique problem.In order to reduce the time and steps required in resolving this problem,the method is that the 2D DNA molecular was designed as molecular tiles and the computation model was obtained by using the 3D DNA tiles to build the 3D DNA structure chart.This algorithm reduces the complexity of calculation for solving the maximum clique problem,and it is also a meaningful practice for DNA computing and DNA computer research.


The arrival of large data age has gradually expanded the scale of information industry in China, which has created favorable conditions for the expansion of information technology and computer network. Based on big data the computer system service function is becoming more and more perfect, and the efficiency of data processing in the system is improving, which provides important guarantee for the implementation of production plan in various industries. At the same time, the rapid development of fields such as Internet of things, social tools, cloud computing and the widen of information channel, these make the amount of data is increase, expand the influence range of the age of big data, we need to take the opportunities and challenges of the age of big data correctly, use data information resources effectively. Based on this, this paper will study the opportunities and challenges of the era of large data.


I t has long been a mystery why diabetic retinopathy does not appear as a clinically visible disease in the eye until after puberty. The lack of recognizable diabetic retinopathy before puberty was believed to indicate that the prepubertal duration of diabetes has no impact on the later incidence of retinopathy. There has been a widespread belief that only the postpubertal years of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are worthwhile including in the total duration of the disease. This concept has been hard to accept because the level of metabolic control, reflected as blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, is a relevant factor correlating with the development and progression of background or proliferative retinopathy (1 -3). Hyperglycemia of sufficient intensity and duration causes the formation of glycosylation end-products modifying protein (collagen) structure and function, e.g. in the basal lamina of retinal vascular endothelium (4). In the present issue of Acta Paediatrica, a paper by Kokkonen et al. ( 5 ) addresses the importance of the prepubertal years of IDDM. These authors compared two groups of patients with equal number of postpubertal years of IDDM. One group had a substantial length of prepubertal IDDM, the other group had only postpubertal disease. In the very early onset (< 8 years) group, 18% of the patients had proliferative retinopathy (postpubertal duration 8-12 years); in patients with later onset (> 10 years of age) and the same postpubertal duration, only 4% had proliferative retinopathy. This study shows that patients with prepubertal IDDM have a much higher incidence of diabetic retinopathy at 17-25 years of age than those with postpubertal IDDM only. Thus the total duration of IDDM was a most important risk factor and postpubertal duration did not increase the risk related to total duration. These results are supported by another investigation (6) in which retinopathy developed significantly earlier in subjects with prepubertal onset of IDDM than in subjects with postpubertal onset, if duration was plotted as postpubertal years. Retinopathy developed significantly sooner in younger onset (before 10 years of age) subjects than in the older onset group; i.e. at the same postpubertal duration more younger onset subjects had retinopathy than older onset subjects. Thus prepubertal duration of IDDM is considered a significant risk factor for the development of retinopathy. There is, as yet, no explanation for these findings. Diabetic retinopathy has not been demonstrated before 10 years of age. However, fluorescein angiography of the fundus is generally not performed in this age group. At the present time we cannot exclude the fact that minor changes of retinopathy may be present although we have not been able to detect them. It is reasonable to assume that glycation of proteins (4) occurs at this age, as reflected by glycosylated hemoglobin, adding to the burden of diabetic complications during the prepubertal years also. It is conceivable that the increased demand for insulin at puberty will lead to hyperglycemia and, in many instances, aggravating the disease to overt retinopathy. Further research has to be done in order to clarify the causes of these events. It is now obvious that the prepubertal years of IDDM have a substantial impact on the incidence and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Patients with prepubertal onset of IDDM warrant regular and thorough ophthalmological examinations, including fluorescein angiography of the fundus when background retinopathy of some severity has developed and laser photocoagulation of early retinal microvascular changes (preproliferative retinopathy).


Mental health is an important issue that cannot be ignored.  The impact of poor quality of life, such as disability, neglect, inhumane treatment, not only on the sufferer, but also on the family, makes mental health issues need serious attention.  Based on concern to make social rehabilitation for mental health disorders widely developed in Indonesian society, this study aim find out how community rehabilitation methods are used to recover people with mental disabilities in West Java.  This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive method. there are nine informants, including institutional administrators, people with mental disabilities who have recovered, and social service employees.  Collecting data with in-depth interviews, observations, FGDs and study documentation.  Qualitative data analysis with interactive techniques.  The results of this study indicate that the methods used in social rehabilitation for people with mental disabilities are varied, namely using a medical approach in the form of drugs, and a religious and cultural approach, with reading the yellow book prayer, special rituals, and special treatment.  The success of the recovery was recognized by each institution, as well as by the people with mental disabilities who recovered.  The results also show that recovery does not mean returning to health, 100% normal, but recovering to be able to communicate with others, be independent and participate in family and community activities.  The results also show that recovery varies, influenced by various factors.  When viewed from the results of this study, the most important is the healing method used.  The failure of recovery was also found, the cause was due to severe mental health conditions, inappropriate healing methods, and the lack of family support.
Keywords: Mental Health, People with Disabilities, Social Rehabilitation, Community-Based Rehabilitation


In optic communication techniques, the optic coupler is an apparatus that couples and reassign optical signals in the coupled zone.In this paper, we study the function between the coupling ratio of the single mode fused optic fiber coupler and temperature. The result indicates that not only the coupling ratio is sensitive to temperature, but also the function is monotone. Thus, the single mode fused optic fiber coupler sensitized to temperature is a prospective optic fiber temperature sensor.


Diversity and floristic characteristics of aquatic seed plants of Henan Province in China are discussed in the paper.There are aquatic seed plants of 30 families,61 genera,125 species,1 subspecies,9 varieties and 2 forms in Henan Province,including emerged plants of 75 species,1 subspecies,5 varieties and 2 forms,floating plants of 33 species and 2 varieties,submerged plants of 17 species and 2 varieties.The pantropic,the north temperate and the old world tropical components are main components,followed by the East Asia and North America disjuncted and the old world temperate components.The proportions of the tropic and the total of all the temperate components are similar.


The present invention discloses a method of inverse authentication of the safety-critical data, comprising: a binary data interlock software subsystem is formed of binary data model based on the sequence interlock safety-critical data agreed lower machine; reflected using .Net binary data model mechanism to parse the binary file to the security of critical data; and safety-critical data in accordance with the configuration data design safety-critical data, Excel Excel data model and data properties; the properties of the binary data model through safety-critical data Excel to convert the data model; Excel data model generated by a new Excel document NPIO.DLL, reading a source document and a reverse generating a new Excel Excel document, data consistency between the two documents comparison, if the same are given correct tips information, if the warning is given different information and provide error log information. The present invention can be provided to ensure the accuracy of interlocking sub-critical data security applications to ensure the reliability and robustness of interlocking subsystem.