Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains the most prevalent cause of elderly dementia, posing an increasingly important health problem as the population ages [1]. AD is a neurodegenerative disorder defined by the presence of extracellular deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ), intraneuronal accumulations of neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosporylated tau protein, and the progressive loss of synapses and neurons that correlate with atrophy of brain regions [2]. Specific areas of the brain that show particularly severe neuronal loss include the entorhinal cortex, pyramidal neurons in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus, and the noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus [3-5]. The neuronal populations within these areas mediate attention, learning, memory and other neural processes associated with higher cognitive function. The specific mechanism(s) that underlie neuronal loss are not clearly understood, and there are no approved methods to slow this neurodegeneration. Of the risk factors identified that facilitate AD progression, the strongest are aging, the inheritance of the e4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, and sex - women have a higher incidence of AD than men [6]. The APOE gene encodes a 34 kDa protein that is the major protein component of CNS lipoproteins, involved in lipid transport and redistribution [7]. Even though there is no clear understanding of the role of APOE in AD pathology, the role of APOE4 isoform has been shown to affect synaptic structure, Aβ clearance and transport across blood brain barrier as well as energy metabolism [8]. In mice, APOE4 decrease dendritic spine density and neuronal complexity in various cortical brain regions [9]. In addition, APOE4 mice show impaired learning and memory in the Barnes maze tests [10]. These effects were observed in absence of significant Aβ accumulation suggesting Aβ independent mechanisms contributing to functional impairments in APOE4 carriers. There is a stronger association of APOE with AD in women than men that correlates well with greater hippocampal atrophy, plaque pathology and cognitive decline [11]. The gradual loss of sex steroid hormones in women may contribute to age associated cognitive decline [12]. A neuroprotective role of natural and synthetic estrogens in the mammalian brain has been established during the past decade. In particular, 17-β-estradiol (β-E2), has commonly been known to play a pivotal role in female reproductive physiology, enhances synaptic plasticity, neurite growth, hippocampal neurogliosis and long-term potentiation [13,14]. β-E2 is also effective in several neural injury and toxicity models. In animal models of AD, β-E2 reduces Aβ pathology and improves cognition [15], although the effectiveness of β-E2 is reduced in the presence of APOE4 [16]. This latter observation is consistent with a role for APOE in modulating the biological effects of estrogen-based therapy. Early estrogen replacement therapy prior to menopause has been shown to reduce the AD risk in postmenopausal women [17]. However the effects of β-E2 on peripheral targets in both men and women limit its usefulness as a potential therapy for AD. In the past decade concerns have been raised over the safety of long-term 17-β-E2 treatment as


The growth rate of the internet exceeds day by day. With the fast growth of internet, there is need to protect the sensitive data from unauthorized access. Cryptography plays a major role in the field of network security. There are many encryption techniques available currently to secure the data. In this review paper we will have an overview of encryption techniques. This paper mainly focuses on encryption techniques for audio data. This presents a study and comparison of basic symmetric encryption standards and a literature survey encryption technique that have been used for encryption on audio data. Finally this suggests a more secure algorithm for audio encryption.


Reviewed by: Edelgard Mahant, Glendon College, York UniversityIn the academic world, it is a truism that original research is published in scholarly books or journals whereas good textbooks summarize the best available published research. Stephen Azzi attempts to straddle this gulf; he has written a textbook that includes much original research as well as new interpretation of the history of Canada-US relations. At the same time, he tries to cover two aspects of Canadian-American relations that are often the subject of separate studies--intergovernmental relations and a comparison of the politics and political attitudes in the two countries. Amazingly, he has to a large extent succeeded in doing some of all of the above, and that in a relatively short book of less than 300 pages.The originality of Azzi's point of view lies in his rejection of the standard Hartz/Lipset interpretation that sees Canadians as having a political culture, derived from British toryism and Catholic authoritarianism, that differs from that of the US, which is based on individualism and Lockean liberalism. Azzi argues that Canadians and Americans have held similar political attitudes for as long as these two countries have existed. He makes a good case for the nineteenth century, although he underestimates the pro-British imperialist attitudes that suffused much of English Canada in the years before the First World War. His case is weaker when he discusses the second half of the twentieth and the beginnings of the twenty-first century. When Canadian and American political cultures appear to diverge, Azzi resorts to manipulating the facts to make them fit. If we exclude Quebec from Canada and the South from the US, well, yes, the differences are not so great. And what does it matter that Americans buy bigger cars than Canadians; that is because they have money. The real question is why Americans choose to spend their money as they do (250-251). In his determination to show that Canadians and Americans usually get along well and that 9/11 did not make much of a difference, he does not mention that Canadians and Americans now need passports to cross their common border, a circumstance that has probably done more than anything else since 1945 to discourage contact between the two peoples.The first third of the book includes much original research. There are many interesting stories of the relations between the people of Maine and New Brunswick and of the mistreatment of blacks on both sides of the border, regardless of the Underground Railway and the Canadian opposition to slavery, which was similar to that in the northern states. Azzi's account of the twentieth century is largely based on existing secondary sources, as is appropriate for a textbook. He also makes a valiant attempt to keep his last chapter as up to date as it could possibly be. …


BACKGROUND
DNA Topoisomerase ha (Topo flu) is a nuclear enzyme whose expression levels are related to tumor cell growth and to resistance to anticancer chemotherapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Topo ha expression was assessed immunohistochemically in 60 surgical specimens of 47 consecutive oligodendroglioma patients. Expression levels were correlated with the MIB-1 proliferation index and with patient outcome.

RESULTS
Topo flu expression ranges from 0.3 to 40.1% and is significantly associated with MIB-) staining. There is a weak trend to a higher expression of Topo flu in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (p = 0.08). Topo ha expression is not related to patient outcome.

CONCLUSION
Topo flu expression appears to serve as a marker for tumor growth in human oligodendrogliomas. The widely vaiying expression levels of Topo ha in oligodendroglioma suggest this enzyme could be used for targeted selection of patients for Topo flu-interfering chemotherapy.


When Elvis crooned "Bright light city ...gonna set my soul on fire," he voiced and embraced the siren call of a glittering urban utopia that continues to mesmerise millions. Call it Sin City or Lost Wages, Las Vegas definitely deserves its rapturous "Viva!" Larry Gragg, however, invites readers to view Las Vegas in an entirely new way. While countless other authors have focused on its history or gaming industry or entertainment ties, Gragg considers how popular culture has depicted the city and its powerful allure over its first century. Drawing on hundreds of films, television programs, novels, and articles, Gragg identifies changing trends in the city's portraits. Until the 1940s, boosters promoted it as the "last frontier town," a place where prospectors and cowboys enjoyed liquor, women, and wide-open gambling. Then in the early 1950s commentators increasingly characterised Las Vegas as a sophisticated resort city in the desert, and ever since then journalists, filmmakers, and novelists have depicted a city largely built by organised crime and featuring non-stop entertainment, gambling, luxury, and, of course, beautiful--and available--women. In Gragg's narrative, these images form a kaleidoscope of lights, sounds, characters, and ultimately amazement about this neon oasis. In these pages, readers will meet gangsters like Bugsy Siegel, Tony Spilotro, and Lefty Rosenthal, as well as Las Vegas's most popular entertainers: Elvis Presley, Sinatra's Rat Pack, Liberace, and Wayne Newton, not to mention the Folies Bergere showgirls. And Gragg's skilful interweaving of fictional and journalistic accounts of organised crime shows just how mutually reinforcing they have become over the years. Vegas will always make people's eyes light up as bright as the Strip: witness the new TV show Vegas or the recent film The Hangover . For everyone entranced by its glitter and glamour, Bright Light City is a must read boasting colour photos and bursting with insider details--an eclectic blend of stories, people, sights, and sounds that together make up this desert city's extraordinary appeal.


Some process-logical aspects of modeling of knowledge domains are studied. The conception of partial
function, action and execution of them in descriptive-logical environment of modeling is defined. The
conception of descriptive-logical environment of programming is defined too. Then the representative
classes of equation are researched in this environment.


Six hours after intravenous injection of morphine, 2 mg/kg, seven healthy adults received a ten-hour intravenous infusion of naloxone (3.66 μg/kg loading dose plus 3.66 μg/kg/hr), totaling 40 μg/kg. Immediately before administration of naloxone, resting minute ventilation (E) was 6.2 ± 0.4 (SE) l/mi


Non-abelian fields covariant gauges overview of noncovariant gauges gauges of the axial kind application of the light-cone gauge to supersymmetry renormalization in the presence of nonlocal terms counterterms in the planar gauge the coulomb gauge Chern-Simons theory.


This paper presents the results of analyses carried out on three decorative phases of the presbytery of the church of Santa Maria Antiqua al Foro Romano in Rome: the fourth-century ad mosaics setting bed; the Adoration of the Cross, dated to the papacy of John VII (ad 705–7); and the paintings in the apse of the Pope Paul I (ad 757–68) phase. The research allowed the characterization of the painting techniques, pigments, organic compounds and degradation products by means of a video microscope, optical microscopy, and μ-Raman and FT–IR spectroscopy, contributing to a better understanding of the changes in the techniques and materials used throughout the centuries in one of the most relevant medieval Christian monuments in Western Europe.


The logging tool is equipped with injector enabling to create in the streaming water a colour mark using the food dye Brilliant Blue (E155) as a tracer. A pair of photometric sensors is located in the axis of the flowmeter in a distance 5 and 10 cm above and below the special outlet nozzle of the injector. The probe is capable to measure vertical flow velocities in the range 10E-4 to 10E-2 m/s or vertical flow rates in the range 10E-6 to 10E-4 m3/s. The proper function and reliability of the logging tool were checked in the model of the well under laboratory conditions.


We have demonstrated the advantageous effect of adding a layer of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) to a vertical field switching (VFS) liquid crystal lens. Simulations show that because of the high dielectric constant of PZT, the voltage profile and hence the director tilt become more smoothly varying, similar to the effect of a potential divider. We fabricated a tunable focal length liquid crystal lens with PZT and compared its performance to that of one without the PZT layer.


This thesis considers the life of Arthur Hugh Clough and his short and long poems, especially Ambarvalia, The Bothie of Tober-na-Vuolich, Amours de voyage, The mystery of the fall, Dipsychus and other moral and religious poems. After a discussion of the Songs in absence and also Mari Magno, it concludes that Clough's peoms are most interesting when they reveal most of his own nature.


Kvdnll and taawal-aoqpanaion data at high temperature wan obtained on s aariaa of sintered aolybdenga-ursniua oxide mowta aa part of an investigation alaed at devel- oping wdsla for predicting tha ascnanlcal behavior of porous cvraet nuclear fuels. Ow study indicates that tfce developeint of codels for predicting the creep behavior and tana the fisaicn-prodnet-lnSused availing of thaw oeraeti vlll fee axtraaaly ccapltac, and that tha daralop-acnt of aodala for anch pcnsua earaata vlll require an exten»lT» exparlaental IHgRODXTIDH AID


The rapid development of the network technologies has enabled the construction of heterogeneous home networks. However, the control of the smart home environment that ensures the conflict-free, up-to-date and smooth functioning of the home environment is not trivial. It is necessary to track the state of the numerous devices which compose the home environment, as well as the respective services installed on them, to ensure conflict-free seamless operation of the system. In this paper we present an ontology-enabled knowledge base for home networks. The knowledge base allows to depict complex relations between devices and services working in a home environment, for example issues to be considered before installing a new software version on a certain device, such as the user profile, interference with existing devices, etc. The knowledge base is a part of the COMANCHE system, which aims to provide a software configuration management infrastructure which can be used in the home automation domain. To the best of our knowledge, the presented system provides a first comprehensive framework for reasoning about services in the home environment realized in close collaboration with the relevant industry.


Based on scientifically defining the basic connotation of rural modernization,the evaluation index system was established from six aspects,including industrialization,urbanization,informationization,rural construction of ecological environment and peasant′s life quality.13 cities' rural modernization levels of Jiangsu Province in 2007 were analyzed by examples.The result indicated that this evaluation index system has good operability and reliability.


The Ghanaian chieftaincy system is embedded with rich cultural heritage that is sometimes expressed through art. Only few documentation have been focused on skin and leather related articles in chieftaincy; with notions of whether skins and leather feature in chieftaincy practices in the South of Ghana oblivious to many as these have not been voiced out. This paper presents and discusses findings with regard to the utility of skins and leather in selected chiefs' palaces in the Ahanta Traditional Area. A purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample population of 16 respondents from whom data was collected using observation and interviews as tools. Findings from the study showed that skins and leather featured prominently in chieftaincy practices in the study zone as ceremonial, body and household items; but documentation of this information was limited. It is recommended that findings from this study be placed at the library of institutions such as the Ahanta Traditional Council, Ghana Tourist Authority and Ministry of Tourism and Creative Arts as reference material for academics and students of Visual Arts, African Studies, Tourism and Arts and Culture to access. Keywords: Skins, Leather, Ghanaian Chieftaincy, Art Forms.


Shape memory alloy (SMA)s, in particular the nickel-titanium alloy (or Nitinol), have been used as actuators in some astronautic, aeronautic and industrial applications. Future will see more SMA application if less energy is required for actuation. This paper presents the design and experimental results of control of an SMA actuator using Pulse Width (PW) Modulation to reduce the energy consumption by the SMA actuator. An SMA wire test stand is used in this research. Open-loop testing of the SMA wire actuator is conducted to study the effect of the PWM parameters. Based on results of testing results and parameter analysis of the PW modulator, a PW modulator is designed to modulate a Proportional plus Derivative (PD) controller. Experiments demonstrate that control of the SMA actuator using PW modulation effectively save actuation energy whiling maintaining same control accuracy as compared to continuous PD control. PW modulator also demonstrates robustness to external disturbances. A comparison with pulse width pulse frequency (PWPF) modulator is also presented.


Using conventional data,radar data,surface intensive automatic weather station observations and NCEP 6-hourly reanalysis data with resolution 1°×1°,a tornado process over Shantou on 16 June 2011 was studied including environment field characteristics and the relationship between tornado and meso-and micro-scale systems on the ground,as well as the dynamic cause etc.The results indicate that the characters of circumstances in favor of tornado occurring in the lower and middle troposphere were: high energy center,strong vertical wind shear,strong wind in the middle troposphere,as well as strong positive horizontal helicity,thick positive vorticity zone and strong convergence in the low level coordinating with strong divergence in the high level.The interaction among synoptic scale,meso-scale and convective storm scale systems resulted in the occurrence of tornado.In the rich vorticity environment,strong echo intensity gradient in thunderstorm cell indicated strong vertical motion gradient in thunderstorm cloud clusters,while the strong vertical motion gradient was the main reason which led to the fast strengthening of the cyclonic rotation of surface wind to generate the tornado.


The influence of various factors on the elution of sugars from charcoal columns by concentration gradients of organic substances dissolved in water can be readily explained, to the first approximation at least, by considering the sugar and the desorbing agent as competitors for the same active surface. It is possible to predict the behaviour of various systems on this hypothesis and to show how various types of separation can best be achieved. It is possible to separate the series of cello-oligoglucosides from acid-hydrolysed cellulose with the minimum of manipulation by using suitable conditions suggested by this study.


Urbanisation has brought many benefits but it has also highlighted the global lack of housing alongside global natural resource scarcity. Lack of housing on the surface appears to be a singular problem, however in reality it represents a number of society's biggest challenges such as crime, pollution (as a result of inadequate waste disposal strategies), unhygienic living conditions, as well as numerous health problems. Governments across the world have made various attempts at addressing the issue of lack of housing, including embarking on large scale social and public housing initiatives, building smaller homes for the homeless, as well as removing certain regulatory barriers to allow more houses to be built at a reduced timeframe. These advances have assisted many individuals and families globally, however, there are still many individuals and families that government housing-aid or housing initiatives have not yet reached. These individuals and families are faced with solving their housing crisis on their own, with their own resources. Globally, concrete remains a supreme building material in the construction industry and therefore is a primary factor of consideration for solving the housing crisis, especially for those who have no financial assistance or aid from government. Concrete's composition is simple: cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. The intricate interaction between all four components is meant to stand the test of time. Unfortunately, it is not only the earth's diminishing natural resource reserves which are causing a decline in the popularity of conventionally produced concrete, but it is also the irreparable harm that it is causing to the environment. The process of concrete production requires large volumes of cement, and cement remains one of the biggest producers of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which in excessive amounts creates a cover that traps the sun's heat energy in the atmosphere. Another major criticism of conventional concrete is the requirement that it be produced with clean water which is of a drinkable standard. This criticism is justified when considering the extreme water shortages that are experienced by many low to middle income countries around the world. The amount of financial and human resources that local authorities invest in cleansing water to bring it to a drinkable standard is often overlooked. It is obvious that it is less expensive to use water directly from a river in its natural state than using it after it has undergone numerous cleansing processes by local authorities. There have been a notable number of advances in making concrete more resource-efficient and environmentally friendly. These include the advent of lightweight concretes such as expanded polystyrene concrete. Expanded polystyrene concrete not only saves the amount of aggregate that would normally be required in conventional concrete, it also has excellent acoustic and thermal properties, thereby reducing energy consumption which in turn saves money. However, even with such excellent properties, expanded polystyrene concrete still fails to address two of concrete's major criticisms which are related to the amount of cement used as well as the amount of clean potable water required for mixing. Therefore, by building on the qualities of expanded polystyrene concrete, this research investigates the potential of lowering the amount of cement required in a concrete mix through the use of eggshell powder. Eggshells are a waste product found everywhere in the world and are readily available in almost limitless quantities. The use of eggshells in concrete to lower the amount of cement required will not only achieve a reduction in the amount of carbon dioxide that is produced in the process of producing concrete, it will also assist in contributing toward solving the escalating waste disposal crisis that currently exists for many waste types such as eggshells. It is common for communities to reside close to a river or a natural flowing watercourse, so this research included river water as a variable. Four different concrete mix scenarios were tested to ascertain through experimentation whether the strength properties of concrete that contains expanded polystyrene, eggshell powder and natural river water in various proportions could in any way compare to a conventionally produced concrete mix. In order to comprehensively study material behaviour in this case, sieve analysis, bulk density, fineness modulus, moisture content as well as specific gravity tests were performed on all aggregates used. Furthermore, in order to achieve the required analytical depth for the materials being studied, x-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy tests were conducted. As a means of conducting further trend analysis on the different experimental mixes, logarithmic regression models were developed. Through analysis of the output attained from the aforementioned strategies, this research study found that when cement was substituted by eggshell powder at a percentage of 5 % and simultaneously when coarse aggregate was also substituted by expanded polystyrene at a percentage of 5 %, all mixed with non-potable water, the compressive and flexural strength outcomes marginally differed from the strength outcomes of conventionally produced concrete. Furthermore, the substitution of stone by EPS at a percentage of 10 % when mixed with river water was comparable to the substitution of stone by EPS at a percentage of 10 % when mixed with potable water. The results showed that there was a difference of not more than 1.4 MPa and 0.3 MPa in compressive and flexural strength respectively amongst the averages obtained at each age tested. Study results show that the substitution of potable water by non-potable water reduced both the compressive and flexural strength of the concrete when the mix did not contain eggshell powder. However, when eggshell powder was included in the mix, the strength outcomes of the compressive and flexural strength of the concrete mix was comparable to that of conventionally produced concrete. There may be many reasons why it is important to not deviate from convention in the production of numerous products such as concrete; nevertheless, the value of experimentation as demonstrated in this research is that experimentation can give rise to a variety of innovations accompanied by a wealth of solutions to the environmental and socio-economic issues that the world is currently faced with.


Abstract : The second and concluding report is made of a test that was designed to validate the quantitative improvement (over normal procedures) obtained by the CURTS (Common User Radio Transmission Sounding) Phase 2 Automatic Frequency Selection System. The system directed frequency changes on three DCS trunks--Okinawa, Guam, and McClellan--terminating at Hickman Air Force Base, Hawaii. Major conclusions of the experiment are: (1) The results of this test have validated the success of the CURTS concept for operational DCS use. (2) The CURTS Phase II system was capable of directing frequency changes with a minimal amount of human interpretation. (3) The CURTS system has proved itself superior to normal frequency control procedures by: (a) improving average throughput between 4.5 percent and 9 percent at the above-90 percent level; (b) reducing the standard deviation of throughput by approximately one-half; (c) increasing user availability by 13.6 percent to 22 percent to achieve a user availability of close to 95 percent at the 90 percent throughput level; and (d) structuring frequency resources to achieve an improvement in user availability of 18.3 percent, in addition to that obtained by real-time frequency selection in (c). (4) When good frequency selection procedures are employed with an adequate complement of frequencies, the benefits of forward error correction are, at most, minimal. (5) The number and duration of outages attributable to propagation have been greatly exaggerated. (Author)


Lattice compressions along the a - and c -axes of compounds Fe 2 P and Ni 2 P were measured at room temperature by means of X-ray diffraction under hydrostatic pressures up to 100 kbar. Compressions were linear with pressure, and the a -axis was more compressive than the c -axis in Fe 2 P, while the situation was reverse in Ni 2 P.


To evaluate the toxicity other than mutagenicity or carcinogenicity present in the water environment, in vitro cytotoxicity tests using cultured mammalian cells were utilized. Cytotoxicity was estimated based on the changes in viable cell numbers of primary rat cerebellar cells, rat pheochromocytoma cell PC12h, and normal rat kidney epithelial cell NRK-52E. Evaluation of these in vitro systems was performed by testing reference chemicals proposed by MEIC (Multicenter Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity), an international program for the validation of in vitro cytotoxicity tests.When cells in culture were exposed to landfill leachate for 48 hours, viable cell numbers decreased dose dependently. However, fractions prepared by condensation and extraction from the leachates showed much less effects on the viable cell numbers. Their individual cytotoxicity did not account for that of unfractionated leachate, suggesting that component(s) with higher cytotoxicity may not be successfully recovered during the condensation and extraction process.Among the silica-gel column fractions of acetone-extracts of sediment samples, fractions eluted with acetone showed the highest cytotoxicity.These results indicate that the cytotoxicity of water samples like landfill leachates or of their extracts can be detected with the present assay system but toxic components may not be recovered quantitatively during the condensation and extraction process.


Objective To understand the epidemic regularity and changing trends of b class infectious diseases,providing scientific basis for making prevention and control strategies of infectious diseases. Methods The infectious disease data comes from Baiyun district statutory epidemic reporting of infectious diseases,"national disease reporting information management system" software provided by the China CDC and EXCEL spreadsheets were used for data processing. Results 16 kinds of 10506 cases of b class infectious diseases in 2012 happened in Baiyun district,the annual incidence was 472.57/100 thousand,4.92% lower than that in 2011.According to the onset system,the incidence of blood and sexually transmitted infections was highest(73.85%), respiratory tract infection is the second (22.68%);the top three diseases of onset were viral hepatitis(246.99/100 thousand),tuberculosis(100.26/100 thousand),syphilis(78.27/100 thousand);the infectious diseases incidence in general of men was higher than women;High-risk age group is in 20-40 years old; the professional distribution is mainly in three kinds of people: unemployed, business services and domestic farmers. Conclusion The prevention and control key of b class infectious diseases is to strengthen the monitoring and management of blood and sexually transmitted infections,respiratory tract infectious disease,increasing the prevention knowledge propaganda of viral hepatitis,tuberculosis, syphilis,enhancing the management of the key crowd,and preventing the b class infectious diseases.


The availability of Engelmann spruce makes it a useful species for railway ties and mine timbers in the western Mountain States. This is in spite of the fact that its strength properties and natural durability are not so favorable as those of many species. A 1944 survey indicated a production for that year of about 20 million lineal feet of mine timbers and a million crossties in Colorado and Wyoming. Such use is the best testimony to the suitability of Engelmann spruce for these purposes.


Harmonics bred from loads are mainly odd order because the current waveforms have half‐wave symmetry. Since the even harmonics are negligibly small, they generally are not measured in electric power systems. However, even harmonics were measured at a 500/275/154 kV substation in Hokuriku Electric Power Company after a transmission line fault was corrected. The even harmonics caused malfunctions of protective digital relays because the relays used 4th harmonics at the input filter as the automatic supervisory signal.


We present a catalogue of R c I c Z photometry over an area of 0.855 square degrees, centred on the young open cluster NGC 2547. The survey is substantially complete to limits of R c = 21.5, I c = 19.5, Z = 19.5. We use the catalogue to define a sample of NGC 2547 candidates with model-dependent masses of about 0.05 -1.0 M ○. . After correcting for incompleteness and estimating contamination by foreground field dwarfs, we investigate the mass function of the cluster, its binary content, and search for evidence of mass segregation among the lower mass stars. There is ample evidence for mass segregation between high (>3 M ○. ) and lower mass stars, but over the range 0.1 < M < 0.7 M ○. , the data are consistent with no further mass segregation. By fitting King profiles we conclude that at least 60 per cent of the low-mass stellar population are contained within our survey. The cluster mass function is remarkably similar to the Pleiades for 0.075 < M < 0.7 M ○. . Because of its age (≃ 30 Myr), we demonstrate that this mass function is robust to a number of systematic uncertainties likely to affect older and younger clusters and is therefore one of the best available estimates for the initial mass function in young disc populations. For 0.05 < M < 0.075 M ○. there is some evidence for a deficit of brown dwarfs in NGC 2547 compared with other clusters. This deficit may extend to lower masses or may only be a dip, perhaps caused by an imperfect understanding of the mass-magnitude relationship at temperatures of around 2800 K. Incompleteness in both our survey and the luminosity functions from which we estimate contamination by foreground objects leave this question open. The binary fraction for systems with mass ratios greater than about 0.5 is 20-35 per cent for M dwarfs in NGC 2547, quite consistent with that found in the field and other young clusters. The full photometric catalogue and our lists of candidate cluster members are made available in electronic format.


Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) marked by 3 main symptoms, inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of massage therapy on the change of attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity of children with ADHD.

Total sample in this study were 12 respondents, divided into a group of control and experiment. Data were recorded in an observation by parents and teacher of children with ADHD using SNAP IV Rating Scale for ADHD and analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney Test with level of significance α=0.05.

The statistic result in experiment group based on parent's observation showed that there were differences pre-test and post-test to the score of attention (p=0.024), hyperactivity (p=0.026), and impulsivity (p=0.038). Comparing with control group there were any differences in attention score (p=0.034), and impulsivity (p=0.046), but not in hyperactivity (p=0.059). Mann Whitney Test showed that massage therapy had some effects on the change of attention (p=0.026), hyperactivity (p=0.041), and impulsivity (p=0.041).

The statistic result in experiment group based on teacher's observation showed that there were differences pre-test and post-test to the score of attention (p=0.026), hyperactivity (p=0.038), and impulsivity (p=0.034). Comparing with control group there were any differences in attention score (p=0.046), hyperactivity (p=0.046), and impulsivity (p=0.046). Mann Whitney Test showed that massage therapy had some effects on the change of attention (p=0.041), hyperactivity (p=0.015), and impulsivity (p=0.026).

In conclusion, massage therapy had some effects on the change of attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity of children with ADHD.


Chromolaena odorata is a medicinal herb with prominent pharmacological properties. The therapeutic efficiency of Chromolaena odorata extracts and its ingredients have, however, been limited by various factors, including the lack of targeting capacity and poor bioavailability. To approach this drawback, ethyl acetate fraction extract of Chromolaena odorata- (EA.ChO-) encapsulated pluronic-based nanocarriers was disclosed herein. The most common pluronic triblock copolymer micelles (pluronic F127) was used for the nanosized formulation of Chromolaena odorata extract. The obtained results show that EA.ChO-encapsulated nanoparticles have a spherical morphology with a designed hydrodynamic size was about 183.7 nm and zeta potential -39.5 mV. The EA.ChO nanoparticles are stable in different aqueous solutions (water, PBS 2.8, and PBS 7.4). The lyophilized form of the EA.ChO nanoparticles exhibited excellent stability for long-term storage. Notably, the EA.ChO nanoparticles were 1.3-1.4 fold more effective in the growth of fibroblast than the free EA.ChO, verifying the potential of pluronic F127 nanoparticles to the increased function of EA.ChO in the proliferation of fibroblast cell. In addition, bleeding stopped within

 55
 ±
 6

  s which was 20 s faster than that of free EA.ChO and 38-44 s faster than that of negative control treatments. The EA.ChO nanoencapsulation processed a rapid blood clot formation compared to control, free EA.ChO, pluronic F127, and water, suggesting the excellent bioavailability of EA.ChO nanoencapsulation. The obtained results thus provided a promising prospect for raising the activity Chromolaena odorata extract in wound healing application.


In addition to typological, turn-taking or sociolinguistic factors, presence of creaky voice in spontaneous interaction is also influenced by the syntactic and phonological properties of speech. For example, creaky voice is reportedly more frequent in function words than content words, has been observed to accompany unstressed syllables and ends of phrases, and is associated with relaxation and reduced speech. In Estonian, creaky voice is frequently used by all speakers. In this paper, we observe the use of creaky voice in spontaneous Estonian in connection to syllabic properties of words, lexical stress, word class, lengthening, and timing in phrases. The results indicate that creak occurs less in syllables with primary stress than in unstressed syllables. However, syllables with secondary stress are most frequently creaky. In content words, the primary stressed syllables creak less frequently and unstressed syllables more frequently compared to function words. The stress-related pattern is similar in both function and content words, but more contrastive in content words. The probability of creakiness increases considerably with non-final lengthening within words, and for all syllables towards the end of the intonational phrase.


More and more companies are using e-Commerce Information Systems (eCIS). There are a number of eCIS development processes (e-Processes) in existence. The extent that these e-Processes are being applied has not been researched extensively. Although the same challenges that exist for traditional Information Systems also exist for eCIS there are substantial differences between the two. Often a combination of e-Processes is used when eCIS development takes place. This paper lists the findings obtained by a study into practices being followed at one Development Company and analyses these practices with the aim of assisting future decision making actions. Further the prototype tool that has already been successfully applied to other problem domains will once again be briefly described to assist future e-Process selection decisions.


Many organizations still operate their businessms which cause high maintenance costs and are difficult to change. After the hype about service-oriented architectures (SOAs) was gone, they were implemented successfully and helped replacing old legacy systems with flexible services, for example at large companies in the finance or logistics industry. While recent research and the pattern literature cover the technical aspects of SOA and the alignment between business and IT, defining and planning a roadmap for a SOA modernization program, which is essential for initiating such a program and getting the necessary commitment, has not been in the focus of research yet. Thus, we propose a design process for the definition of a high-level roadmap. It considers determining architectural decisions and planning decisions by selecting appropriate patterns and reference architectures. Furthermore we define a heuristic for the roadmap planning activities, because we see a lack of appropriate planning patterns. A case study explains how the roadmap design process has been applied in a large-scale industry project concerning a SOA modernization program of a global logistics provider. The pattern-based process should motivate pursuing further research about roadmap design processes and patterns and provide guidance for industry experts.


Methods PubMed was searched from inception until July 1, 2022, for RCTs comparing immediate and delayed coronary angiography for OHCA patients without STE. We restrict the RCTs reporting all-cause mortality within 180 days as primary or secondary outcomes. The primary end point was all-cause mortality within 180 days of arrest. The secondary end point was the poor neurological outcome (as measured by Cerebral Performance Category of 3–5) and the rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The random-effects model was used to calculate the risk ratios (RR) and confidence intervals (CI). A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Higgins I


We present a fiber-based laser system generating transform limited pulses with adjustable duration (240-735 ps) and repetition rate (1-10 MHz). The pulses are frequency quadrupled to the ultraviolet at 257 nm.


4519 Treatment success for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), both B- and T-cell, is one of cancer research's greatest achievements. However, while molecular determinants of outcome have been identified for B-ALL, no useful prognostic factors for T-ALL have been identified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small 21-23 nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules that can positively or negatively regulate gene expression and have recently been shown to have prognostic potential. Using a miRNA gene chip to investigate the involvement of miRNA in T-ALL, we analyzed the miRNA expression in RNA from 41 individual T-ALL cell samples, 4 normal thymocyte samples and 9 normal blood mono-nuclear cell (MNC) samples hybridized against arrays containing 368 (161 human or 460 (235 human) miRNA genes. Differentially expressed miRNAs were observed in T-ALL vs. the normal samples. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed homogenous but distinctive expression profiles for each sample type, with T-ALL samples falling into a cluster that was distinct from that of MNCs or thymocytes. Using LInear Models for MicroArrays (LIMMA) to evaluate differential expression between T-ALL and thymocytes, we identified 43 genes that had statistically significant differences in expression levels between the two groups (P In conclusion, we have characterized the miRNA expression profile of T-ALL and have identified a number or miR genes that are highly downregulated vs. normal thymocytes. The combined downregulation of related miR genes on 9q22 suggests downregulation of the entire primary transcript is occurring in T-ALL. However, the observation that related genes on 19p13 are also among the most significantly down-regulated miR genes in T-ALL increases the likelihood that one or more genes of this cluster may play a role in T-ALL biology.


MANET has gained popularity in various fields as in vehicles, data transmission and bulk data transmission to a large single set of nodes. To accomplish this task routing protocol employ an important role in MANET. Different types of routing protocols have been proposed for different task to be done. Most of the parameters have been considered during the establishment of routing protocols. It is concerned with the various factors such as energy efficiency, routing protocols, security and various other factors. In the current work we are going to work with multicast routing protocol (IODMR and AAMRP) with security as major aspect. Multicasting is the ability to send packets to and receive packets directed at a subset of nodes in a network. We are applying the SBPGP model with these protocol and will find out their performance under certain conditions with various malicious attacks can be handled efficiently on MANET by using different size of encryption bit keys on the basis of throughput, end-to-end delay and packet delivery fraction.


We demonstrate for the first time Tbit/s transmission using Q-Dash mode-locked laser sources with FSR of 44.7 and 22.7GHz. The aggregate capacities achieved were 1.128Tb/s for 44.7GHz and 2.256Tb/s for 22.7GHz Q-Dash PMLL using IM/DD-SSB-OFDM.


Previous works in the literature have claimed that the characteristics of electromyography (EMG) signals depend on each person, and thus, EMG interfaces need to be carefully calibrated for each user in myoelectric control. In this study, we show that the EMG interface used to estimate the joint torques of a user can be constructed simply by incorporating other users' data without typical calibration process. To achieve this plug-and-play capability, we introduce the concept of collaborative filtering to estimate the joint torque of a novel user by exploiting the preidentified relationships between motion-body features, including EMG signals, and the joint torques of other users. To validate our proposed approach, we compare the performance of estimating joint torque by the proposed method with that by conventional linear regression models as a baseline. We considered the following two baseline methods. Linear-own: The parameters of the linear model are calibrated for each subject from his/her own training data. Linear-others: The parameters of the linear model are calibrated with the other users' data in which the novel user's data are not included. As a result, the estimated joint torques from our proposed approach reveal a better estimation performance than those from the baseline approaches. Furthermore, we also successfully demonstrate online myoelectric control of an upper limb exoskeleton robot with an attached mannequin arm.


Acquisition and utilization of the lateral guidance information is crucial for steering a vehicle. However, this task becomes difficult when the visual information loses its clarity. Driving a snowplow during whiteout condition is one such example. In order to improve the safety and efficiency of the snow removal operation, a supplemental steering guidance display was proposed and instrumented in a Caltrans snowplow. The guidance information was calculated based on the magnetic markers embedded under the roadway. Operations were successfully conducted on a 6.25 km freeway over Donner Summit on Interstate 80 in California during the 1998-1999 winter season. The key to this success was a clever transformation of the display problem into a control problem. This paper describes the problem formulation and the solution concept for this steering guidance system.


The invention relates to a method for the production of terpolymers by polymerization of monomers of VDF (vinylidene difluoride), TrFE (trifluoroethylene) and CFE (1,1-chlorofluoroethylene) or CTFE (chlorotrifluoroethylene) in the presence of a free-radical polymerization initiator, characterized in that: i) an initial mixture of VDF and of TrFE, free of CFE and of CTFE, is loaded into an autoclave; ii) the initiator mixed with water is injected into the autoclave so as to obtain a pressure at least equal to 80 bar inside the autoclave, in order to form a suspension of VDF and TrFE monomers in water; iii) a secondary mixture formed by VDF, TrFE and of CFE or of CTFE is injected into the autoclave; and iv) as soon as the polymerization reaction starts, said secondary mixture is reinjected continuously into the reactor, so as to maintain therein a constant pressure of at least 80 bar.


Bone tissue has a composite nature given by a highly complex and well-harmonized structure of organic and inorganic components on the microscale, macroscale and nanoscale. Thus, biodegradable composite scaffolds made of poly (e-caprolactone) urethane (PCL_PUR) porous matrix and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were developed and studied for bone tissue engineering. The aim of this work was to examine the structure of new polyurethane/calcite composites. Micro-computer tomography (μ-CT) and image analysis enabled 3D visualization and quantification of the porosity, wall thickness and internal pore size distribution. The fabricated porous polyurethane composites exhibited porosity >70% with a pore size not exceeding 450 μm and wall thickness about of 50 μm in size. The mechanical properties of the foams were evaluated using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). In-vitro bioactivity tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) were carried out and the marker of bioactivity, e.g. formation of surface bone-like apatite layers upon immersion in SBF, was investigated. Our results indicated that PUR/calcite scaffolds were more activity then PUR scaffolds and possessed the function to enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, and might be used as bone tissue engineering materials.


In this work we explore the new catalog of galactic open clusters that became available recently, containing 1,750 clusters that have been re-analyzed using the Gaia DR2 catalog to determine the stellar memberships. We used the young open clusters as tracers of spiral arms and determined the spiral pattern rotation speed of the Galaxy and the corotation radius, the strongest Galactic resonance. The sample of open clusters used here is increased by dozens of objects with respect to our previous works. In addition, the distances and ages values are better determined, using improvements to isochrone fitting and including an updated extinction polynomial for the Gaia DR2 photometric band-passes, and the Galactic abundance gradient as a prior for metallicity. In addition to the better age determinations, the catalog contains better positions in the Galactic plane and better proper motions. This allow us to discuss not only the present space distribution of the clusters, but also the space distribution of the clusters's birthplaces, obtained by integration of the orbits for a time equal to their age. The value of the rotation velocity of the arms (28.5 ± 1.0 km s−1 kpc−1) implies that the corotation radius (Rc) is close to the solar Galactic orbit (Rc/R0 = 1.01±0.08), which is supported by other observational evidence discussed in this text. A simulation is presented, illustrating the motion of the clusters in the reference frame of corotation. We also present general statistics of the catalog of clusters, like spatial distribution, distribution relative to height from the Galactic plane, and distribution of ages and metallicity. An important feature of the space distribution, the corotation gap in the gas distribution and its consequences for the young clusters, is discussed.


Utilization of the computer as a tool to help people, especially as data processing media in this case regarding computerized processing system database is a Sales Application. Sales application that consists of doing the calculation operation, display the code of goods or types of goods, reports the sale of goods, print receipts of sales of goods and present goods data .. In scientific writing, the writer has tried to implement a computerized application of Cooperative of PT. AGH to conduct sales transactions. The author uses Microsoft Access 2003 that uses a Windows-based relational database.


To prove his hypothesis in this paper, the author interprets the brain stimulator and its associated simulation model of predicted postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) using meal case studies with three different kinds of high protein.


Digital content makes improvement in e-learning for transferring knowledge to learners. By e-learning that delivers digital contents, learners can learn anywhere and anytime and educators can deliver materials in an interactive way. Digital content becomes very important in improving self-learner understanding in computer programming. Experimental design method using control-group pretest-posttest is conducted to compare digital contents effectiveness of learning outcomes in computer programming field for self-learning students. The instrument used is a programming case, with factor and level to be tested is various digital content types, and desired response is learning outcomes increment. This study concludes that there is an average increment of learning outcomes by using various digital contents for self-learning, but still lower average increment compared with traditional classroom method. Results of this study can be a recommendation for educators and students in applying and determining the use of digital contents for their self-learning.


The wastewater from a wood-processing factory is characterized by a high COD, chlorides and nitrogen content. Various treatment processes were applied to treat this wastewater in pilot-scale units. By applying one-stage denitrification-activated sludge biological treatment it was not possible to remove nitrogen. Nitrification was inhibited by wastewater compounds. By applying a second stage of a nitrification biofilter it was possible to have a high degree of nitrification. The denitrification was complete. With biological methods the reduction of COD, and NO 3 - -N and NH 4 + -N concentrations to acceptable values was not achievable. Physical-chemical methods as H 2 O 2 /UV, electrolysis and ozonation were used as post-treatment of effluents from the biological system. Radical degradation, initiated by the powerful hydroxyl radicals which are generated from H 2 O 2 by UV activation, is used for wastewater post-treatment. The combination of H 2 O 2 /UV was not suitable for post-treatment of this wastewater. With electrolysis, NH 4 + -N and COD removal can be complete. The total amount of ammonia and organic nitrogen converted to nitrate nitrogen for current density of 1.15 Adm -2 and energy consumption of 71.6kWhm -3 was 0.35 gdm -3 . Further biological denitrification is required for NO 3 - -N removal to permitted values. Energy consumption for the elimination of 1 kg COD was 40.4kWh and 35.8kWh for current densities of 0.7 Adm -2 and 1.15 Adm -2 respectively. The energy required to reach the limit value of COD equal to 150 mgdm -3 for current density of 1.15 Adm -2 was 71.6 kWhm -3 . With ozonation, the COD removal can be complete. Further biological nitrificadondenitrification is required to remove NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N to permitted values. At pH 7.0, in order to reach the limit value of COD equal to 150 mgdm -3 , specific ozone dose was 6.0 g per g of COD removed and the total amount of ammonia and organic nitrogen converted to nitrate nitrogen was 0.25 gdm -3 . The total equivalent energy required is estimated to be 75.0kWhm -3 .


Purpose - This paper aims to derive firm value implications for various kinds of employee stock options (ESOs) in a framework that considers uncertainty, non-diversification and the US statutory tax treatment. Design/methodology/approach - The authors extend the analysis of ESOs from the case of perfect capital markets to two cases of imperfect capital markets using the Benninga-Helmantel-Sarig framework. Findings - It is found that ESOs are inferior to cash compensation and that the degree of option inferiority depends on employee diversification. In addition, incentive stock options (ISOs) are generally inferior to non-qualified stock options (NSOs). This relative profitability of the NSO versus ISO increases as market imperfections are added. The authors also find that in general firm hedging of ESOs is suboptimal. Originality/value - The paper highlights the firm value of employee stock options.


Synopsis: Nanorods and nanoparticles are commonly introduced to REBCO coated conductors as artificial pinning centers to improve the critical current density in high magnetic fields and to reduce the anisotropy with respect to the magnetic field angle. In this article the pinning properties are theoretically analyzed based on the classic condensation energy pinning interaction mechanism ( pinning) of these pinning centers and the results are compared with experimental results. The agreements show that the critical current density can be designed by controlling the microstructure of pinning centers and factors such as the size, number density and morphology. It is also pointed out that the upper critical field is enhanced via the electron scattering of the interface between the pinning center and the superconducting matrix. Hence, the upper critical field can also be controlled to enhance the irreversibility field by controlling the interface area in a unit volume of the superconductor. It is expected that the high field performance can be optimized by controlling the pinning strength and the upper critical field in the future.


Recent corporate governance scandals and the financial crisis that followed have led us to question the composition of corporate boards of directors and their ability to address issues of business ethics and accountability. Similarly, abuses of managerial power in the form of excessive compensation have been tied to the absence of cultural diversity in the boardroom. Ernst and Young suggested that we need board members who can suggest new ways of tackling old problems and who reject the group-think that may have contributed to the global financial challenges we are facing at this time [1].


Handwritten letter from Roger Perkins to Charles F., Sr., regarding progress on house building and letter from friend Frank Cooper regarding Brush Foundation which Roger thinks Charles, Sr. will find interesting. Letter from Frank Cooper included


In Chiapas between 1841 and 1886 the Indians of the Chilon Department suspected and denounced in the presence of civiles authority a rebellion or castas warrior. In the present text I will give to know the ladino scared in presence of to an Indian attack it was part of lengthy process. Also, I contend that the denounces and the judicial processes against suspected insurgents were used by ladinos to confirm them their politic power, economic and social in front of Indians, who tried to defend their autonomy through wherewithal legal and extralegal, but without arrive to the rebellion. Under this objective I will analyze the complaints and the process of capturing the suspected rebels of 1871.


A review of the literature has shown that the role of renin in renal failure is not resolved. It has been invoked as an aggravating factor: decreased renal perfusion releasing large quantities of renin sufficient to cause further renal vasoconstriction. If so, then angiotensin generation and action must occur entirely intrarenally since the vasoconstriction appears to be confined entirely to this vascular bed. It may prove necessary to evaluate the renin-angiotensin system within the kidney rather than peripherally. Elevated renin levels in peripheral plasma are at least as likely to be a consequence of reduced renal perfusion as a cause of it. The few studies so far undertaken of the renin-angiotensin system in renal failure associated with liver disease are inconclusive. If further studies should ascribe a role to renin in the pathology of renal failure, then it may be possible to treat the condition by pharmacological manipulation of the renin-angiotensin system and thereby prevent some of the more serious consequences of renal failure.


Mg oxide thin films, with thermal sensitivity superior to Pt thin films, were fabricated through annealing of Mg films deposited by r.f. magnetron sputtering. The annealing was carried out in the temperature range of 500-700 °C under atmospheric conditions. Resistivity of the resulting Mg oxide films were in the range of 1.7x10 μΩ-cm/°C to 2.81×10 μΩ-cm/°C, depending on the extent of Mg oxidation. The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of the MgO films also depended on the extent of Mg oxidation. The average TCR of MgO resistors, measured between 0 and 200°C, were 7630x10 ppm/°C for the 500°C and 2988 x 10 ppm/°C for 650 °C respectively. Because of their high resistivity and linear TCR, MgO thin films are superior to pure Pt thin films for flow and temperature sensor applications.


This paper proposes a receiving nested frequency diverse array (FDA) design scheme. The essence of the proposed technique is to construct a new array structure by systematically nesting two or more uniform linear FDA. Using second-order statistics of the received data, it is capable of providing a significant increasing degrees-of-freedom. The frequency increment across the array results in a scan angle that varies with range and provides resistance to range-dependent interference. The improvement offered by the proposed method as compared to traditional FDA are demonstrated by extensive simulation through analyzing the corresponding beam pattern and direction-of-arrival estimation performance.


The photoreduction of dioxygen in spinach thylakoid membranes was enhanced about 10-fold by the FAD-enzyme monodehydroascorbate radical (MDA) reductase at 1 fM. The primary photoreduced product of dioxygen catalyzed by MDA reductase was the superoxide radical, as evidenced by the inhibition of photoreduction of Cytc by superoxide dismutase. The apparent Km for dioxygen of the MDA reductase-dependent photoreduction of dioxygen was 100 /JM, higher by one order of magnitude than that observed with thylakoid membranes only. Glutathione reductase, ferredoxin-NADP + reductase, and glycolate oxidase also mediated the photoproduction of superoxide radicals in thylakoid membranes at rates similar to those with MDA reductase. Among these flavoenzymes, MDA reductase is the most likely mediator stimulating the photoreduction of dioxygen in chloroplasts; its function in the protection from photoinhibition under excess light is discussed.


The invention relates to a method for diagnosing the function of one or more variably controllable inlet (8) and/or outlet valves (12) in an internal combustion engine (1); comprising the following steps: - determining a modeled pressure (Pmod) using a pressure profile model, said modeled pressure providing an indication of a pressure in an air system of the internal combustion engine (1), wherein the pressure profile model describes a pressure profile of an error-free internal combustion engine (1) as a function of operating points: providing an indication of the actual, instantaneous pressure (Pman) in the air system; determining a deviation amount as a function of the modeled pressure (Pmod) and the indication of the actual pressure (Pman) in the air system; recognizing an error in the function of the inlet (8) and/or outlet valve (12) as a function of the deviation amount.


The aim of this study was to conduct an integrative review of the procedures used in the acquisition criteria of the Bone-Conducted Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials examination in order to help in the diagnosis of hearing problems. A search was conducted on the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The following keywords were used: AEPs, Electrophysiology and Bone Conduction, found via Descriptors in Health Sciences Headings (MeSH). The results shown are for the 35 selected studies. Most studies opted to use click stimuli and supra-aural headphones, such as the TDH-39, as conduction transducers, and the Radioear B-71 vibrator, with a pressure of 425+/- 25g, for bone conducted stimulation. It was observed that the the bone vibrator was most frequently placed in the mastoid region. The majority of studies report using alternating polarity, with different presentation rates, the most widely used being 57.7/s, with a 30-3000 Hz filter and a window of 15 ms. Most studies used a stimulus rate of 2048, and a total of 2 stimulus recordings. The Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response exam has been studied for many years and much has been written in the literature regarding acquisition and analysis, in addition to underscoring its importance for newborns.


We consider various constructions of monotone Lagrangian submanifolds of $C P^n, S^2\times S^2$, and quadric hypersurfaces of $C P^n$. In $S^2\times S^2$ and $C P^2$ we show that several different known constructions of exotic monotone tori yield results that are Hamiltonian isotopic to each other, in particular answering a question of Wu by showing that the monotone fiber of a toric degeneration model of $C P^2$ is Hamiltonian isotopic to the Chekanov torus. Generalizing our constructions to higher dimensions leads us to consider monotone Lagrangian submanifolds (typically not tori) of quadrics and of $C P^n$ which can be understood either in terms of the geodesic flow on $T^*S^n$ or in terms of the Biran circle bundle construction. Unlike previously-known monotone Lagrangian submanifolds of closed simply connected symplectic manifolds, many of our higher-dimensional Lagrangian submanifolds are provably displaceable.


This study aims to determine the effect of Earning Per Share (EPS) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) partially or simultaneously on Stock Prices in Pulp and Paper Sub-Sector Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2018 period. The research method used is descriptive verification with data analysis using Multiple Linear Regression analysis. The technique used to determine the sample in this study is purposive sampling and obtained 7 companies for 3 years of research. The results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.553 or 55.3%. The value of Fcount > Ftable, which is Fcount of 16.572. In conclusion, partially or simultaneously EPS and NPM affect stock prices.
Keywords: Earning Per Share (EPS), Share Price, Net Profit Margin (NPM)


The tubercular involvement of the long bones of the extremities is very rare so, tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis is usually missed when a patient present with pain and swelling over long bones. The radiology is usually suggestive of the malignancy. We hereby present a case with pain and swelling over the ulna with a suspicion of malignanacy, but biopsy and per-operative findings were suggestive of tuberculosis.


Editorial highlighting the rationale of goal directed therapies (GDT) in children. Citation: Kumba C (2020) Rationale of goal directed therapies in children. Adv Pediatr Res 7:42. doi:10.35248/2385-4522.214.171.124 Received: June 29, 2020; Accepted: July 3, 2020; Published: July 10, 2020 Copyright: © 2020 Kumba. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Competing interests: The authors do not have any competing interests. Funding: There is no funding for this article. *E-mail: email@example.com


Clifford Odets's 1935 play Awake and Sing! was one of the earliest American Jewish dramas outside of the Yiddish theater to present a brutally honest portrayal of the American Jewish family. This Depression-era play offered a searing critique of middle-class mores and aspirations while holding up the family as an anchor of support and affection, a safeguard from anomie. This ambivalence reflected Odets's conflicted Jewish identity. His struggle with Jewishness helped him capture the general condition of the Jew in interwar America and informed his transformation of stock characters from the Yiddish stage into nuanced, thoroughly Americanized archetypes, many of whom continue to populate both stage and screen.


We study pressure-driven propagation of gas into a micron-scale gap between two linearly elastic substrates. Applying the lubrication approximation, the flow-field is governed by the interaction between elasticity and viscosity, as well as weak rarefaction and low-Mach-compressibility, characteristic to gaseous microflows. Several physical limits allow simplification of the governing evolution equation and enable solution by self-similarity. These limits correspond to different time-scales and physical regimes which include compressiblity-elasticity-viscosity, compressiblity-viscosity and elasticity-viscosity dominant balances. For a prewetting layer thickness which is similar to the elastic deformation generated by the background pressure, a symmetry between compressibility and elasticity allows to obtain a self-similar solution which includes weak rarefaction effects. The results are validated by numerical solutions of the evolution equation


HE ABNORMALITIES of the skeleton in chronic kidney disease (CKD), collectively known as renal osteodystrophy, are an important cause of morbidity and decreased quality of life. In the management of patients with kidney disease, it is necessary to have a rational approach to the diagnosis and assessment of renal osteodystrophy in order to devise a treatment plan that hopefully will lead to an improved outcome. In the past, the term renal osteodystrophy was mainly equated only with abnormalities of bone turnover, but as described in the article by Cunningham and Sprague 1 in this same issue, renal osteodystrophy is a complex disorder of compromised bone strength in CKD patients. While osteoporosis is a term used to describe fragile bones prone to fracture in the general population and is most often assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), renal osteodystrophy should be the principal term to describe fragile bones prone to fracture and other morbidities in CKD. Renal osteodystrophy is a function of bone turnover (assessed by bone biopsy), bone density (assessed by DEXA or quantitative CT [qCT]), and bone architecture, but the principal determinant of bone fragility in CKD is abnormal bone turnover. However, diagnosing and treating bone turnover abnormalities remains challenging. Our discussion group met to assess the current state of knowledge, understand the basis of our current therapy, and identify the information that needs to be gathered to improve the therapy of bone turnover and thereby improve the disorder of renal osteodystrophy. A number of important questions, listed in Table 1, were considered.


1. Drum comprising a resonant cavity having an outer surface on which the musician strikes and which is designed to reproduce sound range, and means for providing the user the possibility of alteration or change zvukov.2 reproducible. Drum according to claim 1, which is in the form of a cube or parallelepipeda.3 durable. Drum according to claim 2, wherein the material of all its sides except the outer surface of which strikes the musician is relatively prochnym.4. Drum according to claim 2, wherein the surface on which the player hits is sufficiently thin to create vibrations when udare.5. A drum according to claim 3 or 4, which is used as a musician sidenya.6. Drum according to claim 1, wherein the surface opposite the surface on which the player hits has otverstie.7. Drum according to claim 1, comprising inner loop adapted to selectively set in contact with the inner surface of the outer surface on which strikes the musician to alter the playback type zvuka.8. Drum according to claim 7, wherein the hinges comprise thin elongated elements arranged essentially parallel to each other and connecting with the inner surface or adjacent to it with their ends at the desired location rasstoyanii.9. Drum according to claim 8, which comprises means for moving said loops of poverhnosti.10. A drum according to claim 9, wherein the hinges are flexible, and means for moving the loop from said surface contains an element that extends under the hinges along the length thereof and which is movable between two positions, in one of which the loop adjacent to the decree


During the implementation of quality education, we should pay attention to the function of teacher's non-intelligent element. This paper explains the function of teacher's emotion, moral character, personality temperament in students' study individual development and reveals the close relationship between study and growth of student and these external elements.


The double gyroid network morphology has been the focus of extensive research efforts as one of the most appealing block copolymer structures for practical applications. We performed an extensive study of the phase behavior of the supramolecular complex PS-b-P4VP(PDP)x to develop a systematic route to its double gyroid morphology. The morphological characterization of complexes was accomplished by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Several compositions with the cubic Ia3d symmetry were found in a narrow region between the lamellar and the cylindrical phase. Experimental TEM images were compared to computer simulations of projections through multiple gyroid planes. Typical gyroid patterns—"double wave" and "wagon wheel"—were regularly found. The size of the gyroid unit cell was calculated from the SAXS data. The lattice parameter could be varied (from ca. 70 to 125 nm) by altering the molar mass of the block copolymer precursors. A number of complexes were foun...


A novel self-governing system, which is theoretically founded on information theory, is introduced with the ability of determining the optimal quantity and connectivity of the hidden-layer of a three layer feed-forward neural network. The system - called MINES - simultaneously links parameter learning (performed by back-propagation) to structural learning (performed by genetic algorithm) with the aid of mutual information between the error-space and the hidden-layer.


As the entrance to the organization's overall network, the richness of its display content directly affects the ability to promote the website system. To achieve the popularity and promotion of the website system, a Python-based website front-end system is designed. Using the soapy crawler framework, we improve the Python database operation mode, and define the execution criteria of the data mining process according to the total amount of web data samples stored, thus realizing the Python-based website data mining. On this basis, we determine the website design objectives, develop a complete security protection strategy according to the connection relationship between the main functional modules, and complete the overall design of the website front-end system. This paper analyzes the key design techniques of the front-end system of the website from three perspectives: redirection function, port closure function, and data detection function, so as to guarantee the richness of the website display content and promote the popularity and promotion of the website system.


This article outlines research on a previous unstudied form of suffering specific to the Portugese immigrant community: problemas de nervos. Thirty-two Portuguese immigrant women (in Waterloo, ON and Boston, MA) were interviewed and each completed a questionnaire. Cluster analysis demonstrated that problemas de nervos has many meanings. The study profiled symptoms, causes and therapies associated with four variations of this culture-specific form of distress: "mal da cabeca" meaning problems with/in the head (e.g., lack of control, visions); " aflição" meaning affliction (e.g., nervous attacks, heart problems); immigration stress (causing sleep disturbances); and, conflicts with others (resulting in pressure within the body). None of the symptom clusters reported matched criteria for a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis, suggesting that problemas de nervos represents an idiomatic rather than universal expression of distress.


The author analyzes the prerequisites of practical turn implementation in social philosophy, considers L. Wittgenstein and J. Austin's ordinary language philosophy as one of the practical turn prerequisites and proposes the statement about the key position of the triad communication-language-practice in modern social philosophy as the analysis result.


Cambuci pepper (Chapeu de Bispo), is a species of Brazilian origin, widespread in various regions of the country. Consumed mainly in natura and present in typical national cuisine, it is also used in industry and in the decoration of environments. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the germination and emergence of Cambuci pepper seedlings in three commercial substrates (Click Mudas®, Forth Condicionador Floreiras® e Top Garden Floreiras®). The substrates were placed in expanded polystyrene trays, followed by the sowing of pepper seeds, which were then kept in a greenhouse until the evaluations. The following were evaluated: germination percentage (PG), germination speed index (IVG), shoot length (CPA), root length (CR), fresh shoot mass (MFPA), fresh root mass (MFR), shoot dry mass (MSPA) and root dry mass (MSR). The results indicate that the most suitable substrate for germination and emergence of Cambuci pepper seedlings is Top Garden Floreiras®.


The aim of this article is to define a time-dependent cosmological interpretation of quantum mechanics in the context of an infinite open FLRW universe. A time-dependent quantum state is defined for observers in similar observable universes by using the particle horizon. Then, we prove that the wave function collapse of this quantum state is avoided.


Purpose:Microvascular Leakiness varies between tumours. Extravascular leakage, hitherto the Achilles heel of Dynamic-Susceptibility-Contrast-Perfusion-Weighted-Imaging (DSC-PWI), has lately been quantified by leakage coefficient "K2". To evaluate K2's diagnostic potential for differentiation of PCNSL, GBM and Mets and assess its relationships with other DSC-PWI metrics.Methods:Retrospective analysis of T2*-weighted DSC-PWI of PCNSL, Mets (n=10 each )and GBM n=16) was performed using a "Leakage Correction" model to generate K2 , uncorrected relative CBV (rCBVucor) and corrected rCBV (rCBVcor). Peak Signal Recovery (PSR) was calculated. Group-level statistical comparisons was made.Results:All PCNSL showed high-magnitude-positive K2 value with mean [SD] 846.1[462] while Mets showed high-magnitude-negative K2 value with mean [SD] -754[546]. In contrast, GBM showed varied values (overall with lower magnitude and positive) of K2 with mean [SD] 391.9[294.1]. The intergroup differences in K2 were statistically different (P 0.000). Lesion K2 (magnitude) exhibited a significant strong positive correlation with the magnitude of CBV correction (ρ 0.63) and with PSR (ρ 0.70). Conclusion:PCNSL had greater high-magnitude-positive-K2 compared with other tumour groups, while Mets were notable for a high-magnitude-negative-K2. K2 parameter obtained from T2*-weighted DSC technique characterizes and quantifies microvascular leakage of contrast and thus provides an alternative means of measuring permeability in tumours. K2 quantification adds adjunctive value to pre-operative discrimination of intra-axial neoplasms. Given the widespread acceptance that DSC-PWI has, K2 holds promise as an attractive alternative to (the methodologically challenging) DCE-PWI-derived permeability metric, Ktrans.


Dear Editor: The most expensive item for mammalian cell cuhures is the medium, especially fetal bovine serum (FBS): a traditional cell-culture medium supplement that provides essential components for cell growth. For several yr, optimization of culture media has therefore been the subject of extensive investigations; milk by-products unused in industry have often been studied in this regard. Simuhaneously, substantial progress has been made in the knowledge of biological properties of mammal milk; considering milk only as a nutriment necessary for postnatal development in young mammals is now an outdated concept. Some authors have demonstrated for a long time that bovine milk fractions or dairy by-products can provide indispensable elements for eucaryotic cell growth in vitro. Skim milk allowed the growth of spleen cells (Fujiwara et al., 1990), whereas milk was used for culture of transformed fibroblasts (Steimer and Klagsbrun, 1981), epithelial cells (Fassolitis et al., 1981), and lymphocytes (Mincheva et al., 1990). Bovine colostrum is a good substitute for culture of 3T3 ceils (Klagburn and Neuman, 1979), epithelial ceils (Klagburn, 1980), and hybridoma cells (Ramirez et al., 1990; Pakkanen et al., 1992), but colostrum has its disadvantages: its high fat, high total protein, and IgG content render its sterilization by filtration practically impossible. Bovine colostrum ultrafihrates were then tested in hybridoma cultures (Pakkanen and Neutra, 1994) and VERO and CHO cells growth (Pakkanen, 1994), and colostral proteins were used for B lymphocytes cultures (Julius et al., 1988). Guimont and Badeche (1995) reported the significant activity of yogurt whey on the proliferation of murine hybridoma. However, important experimental data have demonstrated that whey could replace FBS for cultures of 3T3 fibroblasts, A49 and F34 hybridomas (Damerdji et al., 1988), F34 hybridomas (Derouiche et al., 1990), Mark 3 hybridomas (Legrand et al., 1990), epithelial and mononuclear cells (Rejman et al., 1992), fibroblast and epithelial ce|ls (Belford et al., 1995), and CHO K1 (Capiaumont et al., 1996). Proteins isolated from bovine whey could also be used for hybridoma cell cultures: Capiaumont et al. (1994) have studied [3 lactoglobuline on hybridoma ceils. Shinoda et al. (1993) showed that lactoferrin permitted mouse L-M cells multiplication. Whereas bovine milk and its derivatives have often been used as serum substitutes for cell proliferation, to our knowledge, they were assayed for cryopreservation and resuscitation by few authors: Pakkanen (1994) had frozen and stored VERO and CHO K1 cells in liquid nitrogen, for only 11 wk, in a mixture containing an ultrafiltrate of bovine colostrum and human holotransferrine. In any cryopreservation process, the objective is to minimize damages to the cells, often correlated with the intracellular ice formed. Cell loss is minimized by addition of a cryoprotective agent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), which has been used for a long time (and still is nowadays) (Bourne et al., 1999; Lozano et al., 1999; Paynter et al., 1999). In this paper, we report the behavior of different cell lines cryopreserved in a mixture containing DMSO and bovine whey. Bovine whey, deriving from the cheese industry, was treated by system Hi-Flow (Cetric Genie Industriel, Toulouse, France) on polysulfone hollow fiber membranes. Whey was first prefiltcred tangentially; the retentate (containing 6 g/L proteins) was heated for 1 h at 56 ~ C, and concentrated on a 30-kDa tangential ultrafiltration membrane to obtain a fna l protein concentration of about 45 g/L. The solution was fhe red again through the first tangential filtration membrane and sterilized by filtration on a 0.22-txm membrane (Millipack 200-millipore). The final product was aliquoted and stored at 2 0 ~ C in sterile flasks. F34 hybridoma cells prepared in the laboratory, Chinese Hamster Ovary CHO K1, kindly supplied by D~: Marc (INPL, Nancy, France), pig kidney cells (PK15) and transformed lung fibroblasts were frozen slowly in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 supplemented with FBS (80%) and DMSO (20%) (FDM) or with whey (80%) and DMSO (20%) (WDM), held at 8 0 ~ C overnight, and placed into nitrogen the next d. After 5, 8, or 10 yr, effects of storage medium upon recovery and growth were studied: the cells, cryopreserved either in FDM or in WDM and conserved at 1 9 6 ~ C in nitrogen, were rapidly thawed according to the technique described by Derouiche et al. (1989) and cultured in RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS. The "~iability was determined using the trypan blue-exclusion test. The F34 cells, stored for 10 yr in WFM, started to grow well, and their viability was 80%, whereas the viability with classical FDM was 50% only. Moreover, hybridomas cryopreserved in whey exhibited a more important antibody secretion (determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). These results reinforce those previously obtained by Derouiche after 2 yr of storage. The viability of CHO cells preserved in WDM was 55%, whereas the storage in FDM resulted in low viability of thawed cells and poor growth of the 15% surviving cells. Cryopreservation of pig kidney cells (PK15) and transformed lung fibroblasts ceils during 8 yr was better in WFM than in FDM. In contrast, after 10 yr of storage, the human fibroblasts were dead in both freezing media. The results are summarized in Table 1. In conclusion, liquid nitrogen storage in WFM allowed subsequent resuscitation and survival of several cell types. Whey probably allows adequate penetration of DMSO into the cell lines, and this method of cryopreservation is a convenient and less expensive alternative to liquid nitrogen storage in classical cryoprotectants. Many [3 lactoglobulins, the most abundant of the whey proteins, may have a protective effect linked to the physical characteristic of the protein, such as viscosity (Guimont et al., 1997), thus permitting less cell damage during cryopreservation. Adopting this procedure,


For many concrete infrastructural works a service life of 80, 100 or 200 years is required. To convince owners and authorities that these requirements can be met probability-based models for service life predictions have been developed. These models are based on theoretical and experimental laboratory studies. Many of these models focus on the probability of chloride-induced rebar corrosion. For a check of the reliability of one of these models, i.e. the DURACRETE model, predicted chloride profiles have been compared with chloride profiles measured in five marine concrete structures. Lessons learned from these existing structures in view of the reliability of numerical service life predictions are presented in this paper.


This paper examines a topography of Chinese academic discourse on 'great tradition and little tradition'(1980's-1990's), which is a part of the research of "Crucial Aspects of Chinese Academic Discourse on 'Great Tradition and Little Tradition' and Its Meaning". The goals of this research are to clarify national identity-building in today's China. Robert Redfield presented the concept of 'little tradition and great tradition'. The twin concept stands for 'high and low culture' or 'classic and folk culture' or 'learned and popular culture'. The core of this paper is to describe and analyze different concepts of 'little tradition and great tradition' in China. For this purpose, this paper investigates the opinions of some scholars on the concept of 'little tradition and great tradition'. Yu Yingshi, Li Yiyuan, Chen Lai, Ge Zhaoguang, and Fei Xiaotong, these scholars focus on either 'great tradition' or 'little tradition'. In my view, it is all a question of 'tradition' handed down within in their community. Tradition is a flexible concept. And of course, the same is true for 'little tradition and great tradition'. The social circumstances at the time are the key drivers of the change related to these concepts. This is why I contextualize Chinese academic discourse on 'great tradition and little tradition'(1980's-1990's) within a sociocultural framework. The two traditions are interdependent. Dual variation of great tradition and little tradition circulates on a Mobius strip named 'Tradition'.


In Australia, increased canola production has increased the inoculum loads of blackleg. Under these conditions, further clarification of the minimum threshold of resistance required to minimise yield loss under heavy blackleg infection is needed. The yield losses caused by blackleg were quantified using +/fungicide for a series of lines with differing levels of blackleg resistance. In addition, the relationship between resistance rating and yield was evaluated in canola field trials. Under heavy natural blackleg infection in 2000 many canola cultivars showed significant infection and yield loss due to blackleg. There was a good relationship between blackleg survival rating and grain yield. In fungicide trials conducted in 2000 and 2001, canola cultivars with blackleg survival ratings ranging from 2 to 9 were grown under heavy blackleg infection both with flutriafol amended fertiliser and also untreated. Grain yield and oil content were determined and response was related to blackleg survival rating. Cultivars with low levels of blackleg resistance showed up to a 50% yield increase when fungicide was used. Cultivars with resistance ratings of 7.5 and above showed no response to fungicide. Under severe blackleg pressure, it is recommended that farmers grow cultivars that have blackleg survival ratings of 7 and above to reduce the affect of blackleg on grain yield and oil content.


This article analyses the exhibition Poetas del cuerpo. La danza de la Edad de Plata (Residencia de Estudiantes/Accion Cultural Espanola (AC/E), 2017), one of the most productive examples of conservation, management and dissemination of data regarding dance within the museum setting during the last few years. To this end, all elements that compose an exhibition project are subjected to study, such as the formulation of scientific content, museum and communication-related issues and the particularities and complications derived from managing immaterial cultural heritage. Therefore, the objective of this research is to offer new insights into the management of dance beyond the work done on the stage.


This chapter considers emotional labour during the conduct of dangerous ethnography. Specifically, the chapter draws upon the author's experiences of immersive ethnography over prolonged periods of time with individuals involved in violence and a range of other illicit activities. It is claimed in the chapter that such research not only places the researcher in challenging situations but has the potential to intersect with aspects of their biography and prior emotional experience, leading to the emergence of feelings that must be managed effectively during these encounters and afterwards upon exiting to the field. In particular, the chapter seeks to reflect upon instances where the researcher's own emotional labour employed to manage their presence during the research, is then subject to scrutiny by others outside of the field.


Careful monitoring of the quality and quantity of water resources plays a significant role in modern environmental management. Thus, to achieve this aim, the quantitative and qualitative parameters of water resources should be measured and controlled with a desirable accuracy. However, it is not always possible to measure these parameters with easy, inexpensive, precise, and quick experimental methods. Therefore, today to solve this type of problems, new methods including smart methods are used which have a great potential in many computational areas. Considering the variety of the studies and absence of a comprehensive review paper, this research should be conducted. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively review application of the smart methods of artificial neural network and support vector machine in the area of water resources and to develop a comprehensive study source for the researchers interested in this field. The results of these studies all show that these advanced smart methods are more efficient, accurate, economical, and faster than other computational methods to predict quantitative and qualitative parameters of water resources.